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Causes of<unk> can be categorized into three groups: congenital<unk> , acquired clonal<unk> , and acquired reversible<unk> . All cases involve dysfunctional heme synthesis or processing. This leads to granular deposition of iron in the mitochondria that form a ring around the nucleus of the developing red blood cell. ...	Sideroblastic anemia	Refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts	Myelophthisic anemia	Myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome	Refractory anemia with excess of blasts	Congenital hypoplastic anemia	Hereditary spherocytosis	Thiamine responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome	29,368
<unk> in indicated for the treatment of people aged 12 years and older with chronic graft-versus-host disease (chronic GVHD) after failure of at least two prior lines of systemic therapy.	Belumosudil	Nicogel	Lesinurad	Vagisil	Degmacyte	Ladostigil	Lazaretto	Brodifacoum	71,491
As<unk> , generally, is not considered a pathology, treatment is not always necessary. However the treatment of other problems caused by this condition, such as ovarian cysts, chocolate cysts, fertility, pelvic pain, adhesions, dyspareunia may need to be addressed depending on the case. Similar to endometriosis, cases ...	Endosalpingiosis	Salpingitis	Oophoritis	Endometritis	Hematospermia	Vaginal stenosis	Pyometra	Autoimmune oophoritis	59,108
<unk> , commercially known as QazVac, is a COVID-19 vaccine developed by the Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems in Kazakhstan. QazCoVac-P is a second COVID-19 vaccine developed by the Kazakh Biosafety Research Institute and in clinical trials.	QazCovid-in	Cephem	Azficel-T	Prosultiamine	Chloroquine	K-Quarantine	MedMagLabs	Crisaborole	74,275
<unk> expiratory positive airway pressure<unk> is a treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and snoring. Contemporary<unk> devices have two small valves that allow air to be drawn in through each nostril, but not exhaled; the valves are held in place by adhesive tabs on the outside of the nose. The mechanism by ...	Nasal EPAP	Thorpe tube flowmeter	Real ear measurement	Nasal provocation test	Thermoacoustic imaging	Rhinoscope	Simple face mask	Acoustic angiography	62,346
Etymologically, the word covers any substance that reduces pain, but doctors used it more narrowly. Some definitions restrict the term to topical medications, including herbal simples such as onion, lily, root of mallows, leaves of violet, and elderberry. Other definitions include ingested narcotics, hypnotics, and opi...	Anodyne	Apyrexy	Baffle	Biorisk	OrthoCor	Aneugen	Protomap	Horopter	13,853
<unk> , also known as estradiol benzoate<unk> /dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide (EBB/DHPA) and sold under the brand names Neolutin N, Redimen, Soluna, and Unijab, is a form of combined injectable birth control which is used in Peru and Singapore. It contains estradiol benzoate<unk> (EBB), an estrogen, and algestone ...	Estradiol benzoate butyrate/algestone acetophenide	Estradiol enantate/algestone acetophenide	Estradiol benzoate/estradiol dienanthate/testosterone enanthate benzilic acid hydrazone	Testosterone propionate/testosterone cypionate/prasterone	Testosterone propionate/testosterone enanthate	Estradiol benzoate/progesterone/testosterone propionate	Testosterone propionate/testosterone ketolaurate	Testosterone propionate/testosterone enanthate/testosterone undecylenate	71,637
<unk> refers to a dermopathy associated with Graves' disease. It is characterized by soft-tissue swelling of the hands and clubbing of the fingers. Radiographic imaging of affected extremities typically demonstrates periostitis, most commonly the metacarpal bones. The exact cause is unknown, but it is thought to be ca...	Acropachy	Amastia	Hypertrichosis	Hamartia	Macrodontia	Hemifacial hypertrophy	Auricular hypertrichosis	Macrotia	48,299
<unk> (E-EPA) is an<unk> ester of<unk> acid, which is an omega-3 fatty acid.	Ethyl eicosapentaenoic acid	Ellagic acid	Fish oil	Fish oil	Soybean oil	Etiocholanolone	Conjugated linoleic acid	Retinyl palmitate	53,482
<unk> has many features in common with Dubin–Johnson syndrome, an exception being that the liver cells are not pigmented. The main symptom is a non-itching jaundice. There is a rise in bilirubin in the patient's serum, mainly of the conjugated type. It can be differentiated from Dubin–Johnson syndrome in the following...	Rotor syndrome	Gilbert's syndrome Gilbert's syndrome 1	GRACILE syndrome	ZTTK syndrome	LIG4 syndrome	ATR-16 syndrome	MEDNIK syndrome	GAPO syndrome	36,767
The molecular arrangement of BCL-2 protein, a potential cause to the development of the<unk> . The protein can inhibit the process of apoptosis when at a high abundance. The<unk> can arise through a number of causes: The origin of the<unk> can be understood through its biological and histochemistry foundations. It ha...	Glandular odontogenic cyst	Calcifying odontogenic cyst	Paradental cyst	Dentigerous cyst	Odontogenic cyst	Ganglion cyst	Tornwaldt cyst	Gingival cyst	41,266
The<unk> (SFAF) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to providing services for people with HIV/AIDS, with a mission to end the AIDS epidemic in the United States. They were founded in 1982, at the beginning of the AIDS epidemic. SFAF is one of the largest and oldest community-based AIDS service organizations in the U...	San Francisco AIDS Foundation	AIDS Services of Austin	Uganda AIDS Commission	Canadian Foundation for AIDS Research	Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe	AIDS Education and Training Centers	President's Commission on the HIV Epidemic	Harvard AIDS Initiative	66,468
<unk> accumulates mainly in the heart, where it causes stiffness and often thickening of its walls, leading consequently to shortness of breath and intolerance to exercise, called diastolic dysfunction. Excessively slow heart rate can also occur, such as in sick sinus syndrome, with ensuing fatigue and dizziness.<unk>...	Wild-type transthyretin amyloid	Alpha-synuclein	Amyloid beta	Immunoreactive trypsinogen	Anti-gliadin antibodies	Keratic precipitate	Kamino bodies	Anchoring fibrils	67,630
The mechanisms of the complex pathways of metabolic syndrome are under investigation. The pathophysiology is very complex and has been only partially elucidated. Most people affected by the condition are older, obese, sedentary, and have a degree of insulin resistance. Stress can also be a contributing factor. The most...	risks of Hypertriglyceridemia	risks of Atrial fibrillation	risks of Coronary artery disease	risks of Myocardial infarction	risks of Peripheral artery disease	risks of Subarachnoid hemorrhage	risks of Erectile dysfunction	risks of Stevens–Johnson syndrome	3,799
subdivision = See text }}<unk> is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses in the family Flaviviridae. The genus includes the West Nile virus, dengue virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, Zika virus and several other viruses which may cause encephalitis, as well as insect-specific<unk> es (ISFs) such...	Flavivirus	Lentivirus	Pandoravirus	Arbovirus	Coronavirus	Coronavirus	Oncolytic virus	Henipavirus	12,750
Type I This is a very rare disease (estimated at 0.6–1.0 per million live births), and consanguinity increases the risk of this condition (other rare diseases may be present). Inheritance is autosomal recessive. Intense jaundice appears in the first days of life and persists thereafter. Type 1 is characterised by a ser...	Crigler–Najjar syndrome	Gilbert's syndrome Gilbert's syndrome 1	GRACILE syndrome	Baggio–Yoshinari syndrome	CLOVES syndrome	Hajdu–Cheney syndrome	DeSanto-Shinawi syndrome	Van Gogh syndrome	31,580
<unk> contains different types of lipid storage disorders caused by the accumulation of lipids known as gangliosides. There are two distinct genetic causes of the disease. Both are autosomal recessive and affect males and females equally.	Gangliosidosis	Galactosialidosis	Glycogen storage disease	Beta-mannosidosis	Mucopolysaccharidosis	Sphingolipidoses	Sialidosis	GM1 gangliosidoses	31,431
<unk> can be classified as a form of spondylolisthesis, since spondylolisthesis is often defined in the literature as displacement in any direction. Yet, medical dictionaries usually define spondylolisthesis specifically as the forward or anterior displacement of a vertebra over the vertebra inferior to it (or the sac...	Retrolisthesis	Spondylolisthesis	Disc protrusion	Back strain	Facet syndrome	Vertebral compression fracture	Discitis	Coccyx fracture	22,729
Many different diseases can cause melanin pigmented lesions in the mouth through # Increase in the number of melanocytes or melanocytosis # Increased melanin production with or without melanocytosis Melanin is an endogenous pigment synthesized by melanocytes that are located in the basal layer of epithelium. Melanin is...	Oral pigmentation	Nipple pigmentation	Breast hypertrophy	Hypopigmentation	Trichomegaly	Blue nails	Tooth discoloration	Green nails	56,187
<unk> is over-expressed in a number of cancers, and forced over-expression of<unk> in human cancer cells lines accelerates proliferation and protects cells against apoptosis. HETEs and EETs derived from<unk> have also been shown to contribute to the proper functioning of the cardiovascular system and the regulation ...	CYP2J2	CYP1A2	CYP2C19	CYP2D6	CYP3A5	CYP2C8	CYP3A4	CYP2C9	48,387
<unk> procedure<unk> is the use of ultrasound to enhance the delivery of topically applied drugs.<unk> has been used in an effort to enhance the absorption of topically applied analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents through the therapeutic application of ultrasound.<unk> has been shown to be ineffective for some t...	Phonophoresis	Iontophoresis	Cynanthropy	Oscillopsia	Mydriasis	Facial toning	Carotidynia	Hypertonia	46,016
Vacuoles are demonstrated in the<unk> parts of the cornea. The vesicles are located on the endothelial surface. The corneal endothelium is normally a single layer of cells that lose their mitotic potential after development is complete. In<unk> , the endothelium is often multilayered and has several other characterist...	Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy	Granular corneal dystrophy	Lattice corneal dystrophy	Subepithelial mucinous corneal dystrophy	Macular corneal dystrophy	Schnyder crystalline corneal dystrophy	Meesmann corneal dystrophy	Neurotrophic keratitis	56,256
<unk> is a rotator cuff denervation syndrome in which the axillary nerve is compressed at the<unk><unk> of the rotator cuff.	Quadrilateral space syndrome	Sixth nerve palsy	Fourth nerve palsy	Posterior ramus syndrome	Occipital horn syndrome	Cauda equina syndrome	Median nerve palsy	Bulbar palsy	67,707
<unk> is an alteration in the perception of the external world, causing sufferers to perceive it as unreal, distant, distorted or falsified. Other symptoms include feeling as if one's environment is lacking in spontaneity, emotional coloring, and depth. It is a dissociative symptom that may appear in moments of severe...	Derealization	Body substance isolation	Rejuvenation	Jactitation	Depurination	Semantic satiation	Disinhibition	Marsupialization	51,771
Topical steroid-induced rosacea (left); after steroid withdrawal and photobiomodulation therapy (right) The exact cause of rosacea is unknown. Triggers that cause episodes of flushing and blushing play a part in its development. Exposure to temperature extremes, strenuous exercise, heat from sunlight, severe sunburn, s...	symptoms of Mucosal melanoma	symptom of Mucosal melanoma	symptom of Basal-cell carcinoma	symptom of Melanoma	symptom of Skin cancer	medical cause of Mucosal melanoma	symptom of Hodgkin lymphoma	symptom of Herpes labialis	17,532
<unk> , sold under the brand name Zepzelca, is a medication for the treatment of adults with metastatic small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. The most common side effects include leukopenia, lymphopenia, fatigue, anemia, neutropenia, increased creatinine, increa...	Lurbinectedin	Paclitaxel	Doxorubicin	Busulfan	Lipoplatin	Cabazitaxel	Irinotecan	Capecitabine	73,521
A 2006 review stated that RS often leads<unk> cancer between ages 30-50.<unk> cancer kills about 1 in 3 people, but 5-year survival rates improved between 1974-1976 and 1995-2000, from 52% to 64%.	Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome	Menke-Hennekam syndrome	Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma	Fryns syndrome	Heerfordt syndrome	Serrated polyposis syndrome	Hereditary breast–ovarian cancer syndrome	Ehlers–Danlos syndromes	62,789
Some causes of<unk> may resolve spontaneously; many require operative treatment. In adults, frequently the surgical intervention and the treatment of the causative lesion are required. In malignant large<unk> , endoscopically placed self-expanding metal stents may be used to temporarily relieve the<unk> as a bridge t...	Bowel obstruction	Intestinal pseudo-obstruction	Intestinal ischemia	Hereditary angioedema	Splenic infarction	Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis	Bowel infarction	Gallstone ileus	10,925
Depressed mood may not require professional treatment, and may be a normal temporary reaction to life events, a symptom of some medical condition, or a side effect of some drugs or medical treatments. A prolonged depressed mood, especially in combination with other symptoms, may lead to a diagnosis of a psychiatric or ...	complications of Concussion	complications of Motion sickness	complications of Coma	complications of Hearing loss	medical cause of Hearing loss	complications of Stroke	medical cause of Lightheadedness	symptoms of Vertebral artery dissection	17,805
<unk> (PPS) is a psychosomatic illness in humans brought on by mass hysteria. The syndrome is thought to be localized in villages in several states of India, including West Bengal, Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, and Chhattisgarh, and has been reported by tens of thousands of individuals. It is far more prevalent in ...	Puppy pregnancy syndrome	Molar pregnancy	Cryptic pregnancy	Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome	complications of Pregnancy	Gestational trophoblastic disease	Postpartum physiological changes	Breus' mole	64,381
Traditional Classification Combing early studies, the traditional symptoms of CWS centered on visual irreminiscence, prosopagnosia, and topographic agnosia. However, due to significant differences in the observations of<unk> and<unk> 's case work, this syndrome bridged the entire loss of dreaming, whether it be due to...	Charcot–Wilbrand syndrome	Taussig–Bing syndrome	SACRAL syndrome	Michels syndrome	Bing–Neel syndrome	VEXAS syndrome	Char syndrome	Kearns–Sayre syndrome	53,921
<unk> <unk> is the practice of recording electroencephalographic signals via depth electrodes (electrodes surgically implanted into the brain tissue). It may be used in patients with epilepsy not responding to medical treatment, and who are potential candidates to receive brain surgery in order to control seizures. T...	Stereoelectroencephalography	Quantitative electroencephalography	Viral neuronal tracing	Magnetoencephalography	Echoencephalography	Electroencephalography	Brainstem auditory evoked potential	Steady state visually evoked potential	40,355
Age Age is the most common cause of<unk> s. Lens proteins denature and degrade over time, and this process is accelerated by diseases such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Environmental factors, including toxins, radiation, and ultraviolet light have cumulative effects which are worsened by the loss of protective...	Cataract	Ocular hypertension	Glaucoma	Refractive error	Vitreoretinopathy	Oculomotor nerve palsy	Auditory neuropathy	Aberrations of the eye	5,601
The lymph nodes where lymphoma most commonly develops Lymphoma and lymphatic system Lymphoma may present with certain nonspecific symptoms; if the symptoms are persistent, an evaluation to determine their cause, including possible lymphoma, should be undertaken. * Lymphadenopathy or swelling of lymph nodes, is the prim...	complications of Sjögren syndrome	complications of Behçet's disease	complications of Cat-scratch disease	symptom of Behçet's disease	complications of Rosacea	complications of Rheumatic fever	complications of Xeroderma pigmentosum	symptom of Chilaiditi syndrome	5,073
People with SCAD may develop left lower quadrant abdominal cramping, intermittent rectal bleeding, and chronic diarrhea. Rectal bleeding (hematochezia) is the most common symptom, and is the presenting complaint in more than 70% of individuals with SCAD.	Segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis	Collagenous colitis	Chemical colitis	Diversion colitis	Microscopic colitis	Lymphocytic colitis	Fibrosing colonopathy	Cytomegalovirus colitis	73,597
The 10th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) classifies social anxiety as a mental and behavioral disorder. Cognitive aspects In cognitive models of social anxiety disorder, those with social phobias experience dread over how they will present to others. They may feel overly self-conscious,...	medical cause of Panic attack	complications of Panic attack	medical cause of Insomnia	symptom of Panic attack	medical cause of Lightheadedness	symptom of Narcolepsy	symptom of Delirium tremens	medical cause of Seizure	56,259
<unk> is a disease caused by the parasitic roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides. Infections have no symptoms in more than 85% of cases, especially if the number of worms is small. Symptoms increase with the number of worms present and may include shortness of breath and fever in the beginning of the disease. These may be fo...	Ascariasis	Toxocariasis	Acariasis	Schistosomiasis	Strongyloidiasis	Myiasis	Monorchism	Intestinal capillariasis	12,229
Stone size influences the rate of spontaneous stone passage. For example, up to 98% of small stones (less than in diameter) may pass spontaneously through urination within four weeks of the onset of symptoms, but for larger stones ( in diameter), the rate of spontaneous passage decreases to less than 53%. Initial stone...	complications of Hypercalcaemia	medical cause of Hypercalcaemia	complications of Hyperkalemia	complications of Hypophosphatemia	medical cause of Hyperphosphatemia	medical cause of Hyperkalemia	complications of Osteoporosis	complications of Hyperparathyroidism	2,727
An<unk> (from Latin , "to hear"; and from Italian -metria, “to measure” ) or Audiometric Officer, is a health-care professional technician who has received special training in the use of Pure tone audiometry equipment. An<unk> conducts hearing tests, or "audiometric screening", with an Audiometer to establish hearing...	Audiometrist	Podiatrist	Pedorthist	Ophthalmic technician	Gnathology	Orthotist	Psychiatrist	SpyCatcher	29,635
Peripheral edema and hypoalbuminemia<unk> is a form of protein deficiency, which can result in both osmotic imbalances and irregularities in the lymphatic system.<unk> is most notable for peripheral edema. The presence of edema in<unk> is correlated with very low albumin concentration (hypoalbuminemia). Edema result...	Kwashiorkor	Pellagra	Albinism	Pediatric end-stage liver disease	Philadelphia basement kidnapping	Uddanam nephropathy	Cystic kidney disease	Type 3c diabetes	1,221
Mechanism of action Enkephalins are peptides produced by the body that act on opioid receptors with preference for the δ subtype. Activation of δ receptors inhibits the enzyme adenylyl cyclase, decreasing intracellular levels of the messenger molecule cAMP. The active metabolite of<unk> , thiorphan, inhibits enkephalin...	Racecadotril	Moexipril	Spirapril	Ramipril	Macitentan	Methallenestril	Ambrisentan	Oprelvekin	48,677
Technique for<unk> depends on which tissue is being targeted and what the overall objective of the treatment is. For example, one of the most common treatment objectives for<unk> , myofascial trigger points (TrPs), differs physiologically from treatments for scar tissue, connective tissue issues, and other medical iss...	Dry needling	Acupuncture	Mustard bath	Premedication	Warm compress	Depot injection	Orthokeratology	Moxibustion	40,859
Stem cell pluripotency LIF (Leukemia inhibitory factor) signaling, which maintains pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells, activates<unk> downstream of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and subsequent activation of Klf4 (a member of the family of Kruppel-like factors). Oct-4,<unk> and Nanog positively regulate trans...	SOX2	TFM-4AS-1	CDK13	FOXP3	SPATA16	CoWIN	ERCC2	WRAP53	47,704
The infection is caused by inhaling yeasts or spores. The fungus is not transmitted from person to person or from animal to person. A person with cryptococcal disease is not contagious.	Cryptococcus gattii	Cryptococcus neoformans	Aspergillus tubingensis	Paracoccidioides brasiliensis	Talaromyces marneffei	Candida parapsilosis	Mycobacterium canetti	Mycoplasma incognitus	43,530
<unk> is a form of<unk> anemia. Non-immune drug<unk> hemolysis can occur via oxidative mechanisms. This is particularly likely to occur when there is an enzyme deficiency in the antioxidant defense system of the red blood cells. An example is where antimalarial oxidant drugs like primaquine damage red blood cells in...	Drug-induced nonautoimmune hemolytic anemia	Drug-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia	Acquired hemolytic anemia	Mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia	Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia	Refractory anemia with excess of blasts	Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia	Autoimmune hemolytic anemia	54,148
<unk> (Cal/BD) is a topical medication for the treatment of trunk, limb, and scalp plaque psoriasis. This medication is available in ointment, gel, aerosol, or foam, formulations. The ointment formulation was FDA approved in 2004, and is indicated for the once daily topical treatment of plaque-type psoriasis vulgaris ...	Calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate	Triamcinolone benetonide	Clotrimazole/betamethasone dipropionate	Tretinoin/benzoyl peroxide	Triamcinolone acetonide	Fluocinolone acetonide	Hydrocortisone/miconazole	Olopatadine/mometasone	68,204
<unk> s are mainly produced for use as fertilizers in agriculture because of their high solubility and biodegradability. The main<unk> fertilizers are ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium salts. Several million kilograms are produced annually for this purpose. The second major application of<unk> s is a...	Nitrate	Bromide	Haloalkane	Phosphine	Saline	Alcohols	Phosphate	Gluten	1,534
In all causes, the mechanism of<unk> is the formation of a fibrin mesh due to increased activation of the system of coagulation. The red blood cells are physically cut by these protein networks. The resulting fragments are the schistocytes observed in light m Schistocytes or helmet cells	Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia	Mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia	Myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome	Acquired hemolytic anemia	Autoimmune hemolytic anemia	Mechanical hemolytic anemia	Refractory anemia with excess of blasts	Drug-induced nonautoimmune hemolytic anemia	13,151
Migration routes and season may affect quail risk. Quail are never poisonous outside the migration season nor are the vast majority poisonous while migrating. European common quail migrate along three different flyways, each with different poisoning characteristics, at least in 20th-century records. The western flyway ...	Coturnism	Crepitus	Oral galvanism	Pruritus ani	Varicose veins	Petechia	Wrinkly skin syndrome	Orthostatic purpura	49,203
Goiter A low amount of thyroxine (one of the two thyroid hormones) in the blood, due to lack of dietary<unk> to make it, gives rise to high levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which stimulates the thyroid gland to increase many biochemical processes; the cellular growth and proliferation can result in the cha...	Iodine deficiency	Growth hormone deficiency	Thyroid dyshormonogenesis	Isolated growth hormone deficiency	Congenital hypothyroidism	Constitutional growth delay	Adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency	Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome	26,280
There is no cure for congenital<unk> , and in general, the approach to management is proactive, with the aim of preventing emerging complications. After a full physical examination, physicians should focus on the known complications of<unk> , such as hydrocephalus, otitis media, hearing loss, dental caries, joint sympt...	Alpha-mannosidosis	Beta-mannosidosis	Galactosialidosis	Aspartylglucosaminuria	Essential fructosuria	Alkaptonuria	Hawkinsinuria	Glycosuria	19,353
<unk> (BIE), also known as benign infantile seizures (BIS), is an epilepsy syndrome of which several forms have been described. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classify two main forms of the syndrome (familial and nonfamilial) though several other forms have been described in the academic literature. ...	Benign infantile epilepsy	Benign familial infantile epilepsy	Benign neonatal seizures	Benign familial neonatal seizures	Childhood absence epilepsy	Benign neonatal sleep myoclonus	Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy	Idiopathic childhood occipital epilepsy of Gastaut	62,642
The most common adverse effects are headache, which occurs in 4–11% of patients, and constipation in up to 6% of patients. In less than 1% of patients, other gastrointestinal disorders occur, as well as sleeplessness, first- and second-degree atrioventricular block, muscle pain and shortness of breath.<unk> is similar...	Palonosetron	Tropisetron	Alosetron	Granisetron	Cilansetron	Avacopan	Romidepsin	Tripelennamine	45,191
<unk> is a genus of gram-negative, fermentative bacteria of the family Hafniaceae. It was first discovered in snakes in 1962.	Edwardsiella	Salmonella	Vibrio cholerae	Shigella	Kingella kingae	Escherichia coli	Listeria monocytogenes	Bacillus cereus	56,205
<unk> is a skin condition caused by fibroblasts producing abnormally large amounts of mucopolysaccharides characterized by the occurrence of waxy, flesh-colored papules.	Discrete papular lichen myxedematosus	Localized lichen myxedematosus	Subcutaneous granuloma annulare	Nodular lichen myxedematosus	Localized granuloma annulare	Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens	Acne keloidalis nuchae	Linear verrucous epidermal nevus	54,868
The most common adverse effects (occurring in at least 1% of those taking the drug) include agitation, anxiety, confusion, dizziness, irritability, abnormal sensations, like pins and needles, without a physical cause, sleep disturbances (e.g. sleeplessness) and a drop in blood pressure upon standing up. Less frequent s...	Lofepramine	Diphenhydramine	Sibutramine	Dezocine	Palonosetron	Zotepine	Avacopan	Quinupramine	38,594
left<unk> is a selective, competitive angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) antagonist, reducing the end organ responses to angiotensin II.<unk> administration results in a decrease in total peripheral resistance (afterload) and cardiac venous return (preload). All of the physiological effects of angiotensin II, inclu...	Losartan	Olmesartan	Valsartan	Irbesartan	Azilsartan	Telmisartan	Cyclothiazide	Candesartan	27,765
The combination is an effective and well-tolerated malaria treatment, providing high cure rates even in areas of multi-drug resistance.	Artemether/lumefantrine	Artesunate/amodiaquine	Artesunate/mefloquine	Piperaquine/dihydroartemisinin	Artesunate/pyronaridine	Nifurtimox/eflornithine	Avermectin	Artesunate	36,399
Solutions that have a<unk> approaching 1.000 are referred to as isobaric, as the density of the cerebrospinal fluid is approximately 1.0003+/- 0.0003. Solutions with a<unk> less than 0.999 are termed hypobaric, and are usually created by mixing the local anesthetic with distilled water. Hyperbaric solutions are creat...	Baricity	Pain out of proportion	Hyperintensity	Tenderness	Lusitropy	Acelity	Weakness	Pain asymbolia	35,679
While typical drug side effects reactions are mild to moderate, sometimes serious adverse effects occur. Boxed warnings In 2008, the U.S. FDA added black box warnings on all fluoroquinolones, advising of the increased risk of tendon damage. In 2016, the FDA found that systemic use (by mouth or injection) of fluoroquino...	Quinolone antibiotic	Polypeptide antibiotic	Beta-lactam antibiotics	Lipase inhibitors	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug	Antiviral drug	Protease inhibitor	Antibiotic	60,985
If patients with HSAN I receive appropriate treatment and counseling, the prognosis is good. Early treatment of foot infections may avoid serious complications. Nevertheless, the complications are manageable, thus allowing an acceptable quality of life. The disease progresses slowly and does not influence the life expe...	Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type I	Distal hereditary motor neuropathy type V	Familial amyloid neuropathy	Congenital myasthenic syndrome	Familial amyloid polyneuropathy	Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy	Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome	MGUS polyneuropathy	64,827
Signs of<unk><unk> can include nipple retraction, inversion, pain, and classic green-brown discharge.	Duct ectasia of breast	Papillomatosis of breasts	Breast cyst	Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast	Breast eczema	Mucinous carcinoma of the breast	Keratin implantation cyst	Solitary cutaneous leiomyoma	51,061
<unk> may be diagnosed with a test called a blood smear. During a blood smear, a medical technologist spreads a thin layer of blood on a microscope slide and stains the blood to help differentiate the cells. The technologist then views the blood under a microscope, where the sizes and shapes of the red blood cells can...	Poikilocytosis	Anisocytosis	Macrocytosis	Anisopoikilocytosis	Monocytosis	Neuroacanthocytosis	Spherocytosis	Binucleated cells	28,051
<unk> , also known as<unk> , or colorectal cancer suppressor is a protein which in humans is encoded by the<unk> gene.<unk> has long been implicated in colorectal cancer and its previous name was Deleted in colorectal carcinoma.<unk> is a single transmembrane<unk> . Since it was first discovered in a colorectal canc...	Netrin receptor DCC	Thromboxane receptor	Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3	VCAM-1	Type II cytokine receptor	Type I cytokine receptor	Growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Low-density lipoprotein receptor gene family	40,206
<unk> is a cutaneous condition, one of the rarest forms of urticaria, where within minutes of<unk> with<unk> from any source, itching and whealing occur at the precise site of<unk> , lasting up to 1 hour.	Localized heat contact urticaria	Delayed pressure urticaria	Physical urticaria	Dermatographic urticaria	Cold urticaria	Aquagenic urticaria	Pressure urticaria	Heat urticaria	56,945
There are different ways to treat<unk> . Some doctors recommend special eye drops and taking care of your hygiene, while eye exercises and healthy diet is also vital for good eyesight. There are no surgical treatment. If<unk> is not treated at its early stages, it may lead to myopia.	Cyclospasm	Laryngospasm	Vasospasm	Bronchospasm	Eupnea	Cardiovascular drift	Mydriasis	Venospasm	24,382
Deficiencies in<unk> s result in decreased ability to oxidize fatty acids, thereby signifying metabolic dysfunction. Medium-chain<unk> deficiencies (MCADD) are well known and characterized because they occur most commonly among<unk> s, leading to fatty acid oxidation disorders and the potential of life-threatening met...	Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase	Pyruvate carboxylase	Phenylalanine hydroxylase	Aldehyde dehydrogenase	Glutamate dehydrogenase	Butyrate esterase	Glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB	Monoamine oxidase B	37,951
<unk> also known as acne mallorca, is a special kind of polymorphous light eruption induced by ultra violet A radiation. This condition is said to be seasonal, usually affecting people in springtime and goes away in autumn when there is less sun light. This photo induced skin reaction leads to a monomorphous eruption ...	Acne aestivalis	Corpora arenacea	Acne conglobata	Anagen effluvium	Aromaticum rosatum	Ichthyosis hystrix	Tinea imbricata	Steatocystoma simplex	52,872
Some 125,000 cases a year have been reported in the United States, but actual incidence of spontaneous thrombophlebitis is unknown. A fourfold increased incidence from the third to the eight decade in men and a preponderance among women of approximately 55-70%. The average mean age of affected patients is 60 years. Thr...	Superficial thrombophlebitis	Pseudothrombophlebitis	Septic thrombophlebitis	Superficial vein thrombosis	Varicose veins	Thrombophlebitis	Trombiculosis	Venous ulcer	55,138
Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability in the United Kingdom and formerly mental retardation (MR), is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning. It is defined by an IQ under 70, in addition to deficits in two ...	symptom of Birth defect	symptoms of Birth defect	symptom of Congenital heart defect	symptom of Stillbirth	types of Head injury	symptom of Nuchal cord	symptom of Achondroplasia	symptom of Arrhythmia	50,921
<unk> (FFL) is<unk> ised or patchy process of lipid accumulation in the liver. It is likely to have different pathogenesis than non-alcoholic steatohepatitis which is a diffuse process. FFL may result from altered venous flow to liver, tissue hypoxia and malabsorption of lipoproteins. The condition has been increasing...	Focal fatty liver	Polycystic liver disease	Ischemic hepatitis	Alcoholic hepatitis	Autoimmune hepatitis	Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease	Adams–Oliver syndrome	Fatty liver disease	45,285
It is through upper frontal chest discomfort (also known as cervical angina) and scapular pains which signs of<unk> s are shown. In 1937 a man named Oille was the first to state that these chest pains originated from the cervical nerve root. This new outlook helped shed light on exactly what signs indicated the beginni...	Cervical spine disorder	Cervical spinal stenosis	Spinal disease	Spinal stenosis	Spinal tumor	Lumbar spinal stenosis	Spinal disc herniation	Spinal fracture	16,706
<unk> results from coal<unk> , creosote, crude coal<unk> , or pitch, in conjunction with sunlight exposure, which induces a sunburn reaction associated with severe burning sensation.	Phototoxic tar dermatitis	Abietic acid dermatitis	Lacquer dermatitis	Blister beetle dermatitis	Rodent mite dermatitis	Autosensitization dermatitis	Phytophotodermatitis	Nummular dermatitis	55,185
<unk> <unk> refers to a test that measures the urine urea to assess nitrogen balance.	Urine urea nitrogen	Urine osmolality	Urine protein/creatinine ratio	BUN-to-creatinine ratio	Microalbuminuria	Urine sodium	Blood urea nitrogen	Aldosterone-to-renin ratio	66,194
A simple definition of the syndrome is "limited elevation in adduction from mechanical causes around the superior oblique". This definition indicates that when the head is upright, the eye is restricted in movement due to problems with muscles and tendons that surround the eye. Harold W.<unk> characterized the syndrom...	Brown's syndrome	Horner's syndrome	Shone's syndrome	Seaver Cassidy syndrome	Nance–Horan syndrome	Pilotto syndrome	Weaver syndrome	Brown-Séquard syndrome	45,387
The incubation period – the time between when infection occurs and when symptoms appear – varies from virus to virus, but is usually limited between 2 and 15 days for<unk> es. The majority of infections, however, are asymptomatic. Among cases in which symptoms do appear, symptoms tend to be non-specific, resembling a f...	Arbovirus	Oncovirus	Coronavirus	Coronavirus	Echovirus	Senecavirus	Orthohantavirus	Pandoravirus	12,840
Medication-induced +Medication related causes of<unk> Category Examples Antipsychotics Haloperidol, amisulpride, risperidone, aripiprazole, lurasidone, ziprasidone SSRIs Fluoxetine, paroxetine, citalopram, sertraline Antidepressants Venlafaxine, tricyclics, trazodone, and mirtazapine Antiemetics Metoclopramide, prochl...	Akathisia	Restless legs syndrome	Tardive dyskinesia	Paroxysmal dyskinesia	Dystonia	Pseudoathetosis	Anxiety	Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia	8,225
<unk> (also known as "hairy elbow syndrome") is a cutaneous condition characterized by multiple terminal hairs on both elbows in children.	Hypertrichosis cubiti	Woolly hair nevus	Onychophosis	Onychogryphosis	Auricular hypertrichosis	Xanthelasma	Dermatosis papulosa nigra	Granulomatous slack skin	60,379
On the nasal surface of the body of the maxilla, in front of the opening of the sinus is a deep<unk> , the<unk> (or<unk> sulcus), which is converted into the nasolacrimal canal, by the<unk> bone and inferior nasal concha; this canal opens into the inferior meatus of the nose and transmits the nasolacrimal duct.	Lacrimal groove	Lacrimal sac	Optic recess	Orbital septum	Optic pit	Ateronon	Corneal button	Central canal	36,574
Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are usually the main cause of PID. Data suggest that PID is often polymicrobial. Isolated anaerobes and facultative microorganisms have been obtained from the upper genital tract. N. gonorrhoeae has been isolated from fallopian tubes, facultative and anaerobic organisms w...	complications of Chlamydia	symptom of Chlamydia	complications of Gonorrhea	complications of Trichinosis	medical cause of Dysmenorrhea	medical cause of Vaginitis	medical cause of Taeniasis	symptom of Bacterial vaginosis	1,768
To date there is no treatment for<unk> albinism, probably because little is known about the receptor function and its role in the pathophysiology of the condition. Though surgery for strabismus is sometimes helpful, there does not seem to be a sure remedy for it until the cause of<unk> albinism is well established. H...	Ocular albinism type 1	Oculocutaneous albinism type I	Oculocutaneous albinism	Retinoschisis	Lafora disease	Leber congenital amaurosis	Bayoud disease	Tangier disease	52,159
Itch can originate in the peripheral nervous system (dermal or neuropathic) or in the central nervous system (neuropathic, neurogenic, or psychogenic). Dermal/pruritoceptive A chipmunk scratching itself. Itch originating in the skin is known as pruritoceptive, and can be induced by a variety of stimuli, including mecha...	symptom of Athlete's foot	symptom of Chemical burn	symptom of Sciatica	symptom of Legius syndrome	symptom of Burn	symptom of Peripheral artery disease	symptom of Deep vein thrombosis	symptom of Gout	12,498
<unk> is a pyrrolodiazepine benzodiazepine and acts as a partial agonist at benzodiazepine receptors. The mean time taken to reach peak plasma levels is 2 hours and the mean half life of<unk> in humans is 11.5 hours. About 90% of the drug is excreted in unchanged form. Of the remaining 10% of the drug none of the met...	Premazepam	Halazepam	Medazepam	Oxazepam	Diclazepam	Camazepam	Cinolazepam	Temazepam	50,018
Meningoencephalitis (; from Greek μῆνιγξ meninx, "membrane", ἐγκέφαλος, enképhalos "brain", and the medical suffix -itis, "inflammation"), also known as herpes meningoencephalitis, is a medical condition that simultaneously resembles both meningitis, which is an infection or inflammation of the meninges, and encephalit...	medical cause of General paresis of the insane	medical cause of Lightheadedness	complications of Heat stroke	symptom of Intracerebral hemorrhage	symptom of Stroke	complications of Coma	symptom of Vertebral artery dissection	medical cause of Conversion disorder	33,341
Symptoms may include visible discoloring (ecchymosis), breast pain, and swelling. The symptoms may be similar to those of fibrocystic breast changes.	Breast hematoma	Breast cyst	Pelvis justo major	Hematocele	Ovarian cyst	Papillomatosis of breasts	Hematoma	Pelvic lipomatosis	66,587
Arsenic compounds are highly toxic, and AsCl3 especially so because of its volatility and solubility. It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting r...	Arsenic trichloride	Arsenic trioxide	Carbon tetrachloride	Desmethylchlorotrianisene	Tetrachlorodecaoxide	Butylated hydroxytoluene	Coal tar	Triphenylchloroethylene	36,637
Locally produced<unk> in the vessel wall contributes to the development and progression of atherosclerosis.<unk> has been described to play a role in renal pathology including acute kidney injury and chronic kidney failure. The chronic activation of monocytes can lead to multiple metabolic, hematologic and immunologi...	Macrophage colony-stimulating factor	Macrophage-activating factor	Leukemia inhibitory factor	Hemopoietic growth factor	Thymic stromal lymphopoietin	Interleukin	Major basic protein	Tumor necrosis factor	38,154
Type 1 diabetes Hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas Severe renal or hepatic failure (But relatively useful in mild renal impairment e.g. CKD stage 3) Pregnancy and lactation	Gliclazide	Glibenclamide	Linaclotide	Liranaftate	Lobeglitazone	Miglitol	Linagliptin	Saxagliptin	37,417
Risk factors for incidentally discovered<unk> s are mainly: * General risk factors of lung cancer such as exposure to tobacco smoking or other carcinogens such as asbestos and previously diagnosed cancer, respiratory infections, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. * Size: larger size confers a higher risk of canc...	Lung nodule	Lung abscess	Pulmonary consolidation	Lung tumor	Pleural disease	Mediastinal tumors	Pulmonary infiltrate	Malignant pleural effusion	50,609
Diagnosis for genetic or rare diseases are often challenging. As such, diagnosis includes a combination of genetic testing, followed by a thorough examination of a person’s medical history, symptoms, a physical exam, and laboratory tests. In addition, a diagnosis may also include a biopsy of the affected muscle tissue....	Autophagic vacuolar myopathy	Centronuclear myopathy	Hereditary inclusion body myopathy	Brody myopathy	Nemaline myopathy	Mitochondrial myopathy	X-linked myotubular myopathy	Metabolic myopathy	73,203
<unk> is a bacterium from the genus of<unk> which has been isolated from human infections.	Peptoniphilus coxii	Helicobacter bizzozeronii	Bacteroides caccae	Cheyletiella blakei	Madurella grisea	Pseudallescheria boydii	Bacteroides dorei	Bartonella rochalimae	72,295
Affected individuals may present with hypoglycaemia during the neonatal period, or with growth retardation during childhood (those diagnosed in the neonatal period appear to be affected by a particularly severe form of the disorder).<unk> is a common cause of congenital hypopituitarism, and causes a permanent growth h...	Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome	Kallmann syndrome	Persistent adrenarche syndrome	Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia	Hypopituitarism	Karak syndrome	Young's syndrome	Waldmann disease	71,552
ECM biomaterials are used to promote healing in a number of tissues, especially the skin and tendons. Surgimend, a collagen matrix derived from fetal bovine<unk> , can trigger the healing of tendons (which do not heal spontaneously) in the ankle. This intervention can shorten healing time by almost half and allows the ...	Acellular dermis	Granulation tissue	Dermoepidermal junction	Neointima	Granulation	Moist desquamation	Keratin pearl	Stratum corneum	57,057
<unk> is a description of the<unk> diseases that affect women; it seems that these diseases are much more prominent in women than they are in men. The root of such conditions are not exactly clear, but may in part, involve an extra copy of the X chromosome that females have compared to the single copy found in males....	Autoimmune disease in women	Thyroid disease in women	Cardiovascular disease in women	Risk factors for breast cancer	High-risk pregnancy	Dermatoses of pregnancy	Ergogenic use of anabolic steroids	complications of Sexually transmitted infection	70,319
<unk> , sold under the brand name Treximet, is a combination medication used to treat migraines attacks. It is taken through oral route.	Sumatriptan/naproxen sodium	Naproxen/diphenhydramine	Phenylephrine/ketorolac	Hydrocodone/aspirin	Celecoxib/tramadol	Butalbital/acetaminophen	Amlodipine/celecoxib	Ibuprofen/paracetamol	51,975
<unk> , known medically as tinea pedis, is a common skin infection of the feet caused by fungus. Signs and symptoms often include itching, scaling, cracking and redness. In rare cases the skin may blister.<unk> fungus may infect any part of the foot, but most often grows between the toes. The next most common area is ...	Athlete's foot	Pitted keratolysis	Trench foot	Heel stick wound	Daniel Sickles's leg	Butcher's wart	Bednar's aphthae	Diabetic sock	18,596
Pathophysiology of hypovolemia The signs and symptoms of hypovolemia are primarily due to the consequences of decreased circulating volume and a subsequent reduction in the amount of blood reaching the tissues of the body. In order to properly perform their functions, tissues require the oxygen transported in the blood...	complications of Hypoalbuminemia	complications of Acute liver failure	complications of Kidney disease	complications of Hemolytic–uremic syndrome	complications of HELLP syndrome	medical cause of Hyperphosphatemia	complications of Rhabdomyolysis	complications of Vasculitis	13,352
<unk> is the mind's resistance to damage of the brain. The mind's resilience is evaluated behaviorally, whereas the neuropathological damage is evaluated histologically, although damage may be estimated using blood-based markers and imaging methods. There are two models that can be used when exploring the concept of<u...	Cognitive reserve	Psychological resilience	Biology of depression	Physiological functional capacity	Impact of health on intelligence	Psychological resistance	Lateralization of brain function	Homeostasis	35,619
The condition gradually improves over a period of time which can range from six months to several years in more severe cases. People with longer term and heavier substance use have caused damage to the nervous system, where, after cessation of the primary addictive substance, the opioid receptors may become favorable t...	Post-acute-withdrawal syndrome	Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome	Alcohol withdrawal syndrome	Nicotine withdrawal	Secondary poisoning	Drug withdrawal	Opioid withdrawal	Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome	48,103
Treatment depends substantially on the type of<unk> . Rapid CT scan and other diagnostic measures are used to determine proper treatment, which may include both medication and surgery. * Tracheal intubation is indicated in people with decreased level of consciousness or other risk of airway obstruction. * IV fluids are...	Intracerebral hemorrhage	Stroke	Subarachnoid hemorrhage	Cerebral edema Cerebral edema 1	Epidural hematoma	Intracranial hemorrhage	Subdural empyema	Brain herniation	30,400

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