wikimedqa

Dataset card Data Studio Files Files and versions

Subset (3)

medwiki · 75.1k rows

Split (3)

train · 67.6k rows

text stringlengths 3 11.6k	option_0 stringlengths 2 124	option_1 stringlengths 3 101	option_2 stringlengths 3 124	option_3 stringlengths 3 124	option_4 stringlengths 3 87	option_5 stringlengths 3 124	option_6 stringlengths 3 124	option_7 stringlengths 2 124	idx int32 0 75.1k
Human food additive<unk> is a food additive used as an emulsifier and thickener with the E number E425(ii).<unk> -rich salep powder is responsible for the unique textural properties of salep dondurma, a mastic-flavored stretchable and chewy ice cream of Turkish origin. Konjac, also rich in<unk> , is widely used for it...	Glucomannan	Lipoarabinomannan	Mirificin	Lecithin	Cerebroside	Methyl cellulose	Titratable acid	Niquitin	26,920
The exact prevalence of the syndrome is unknown, because both aortic stenosis and angiodysplasia are common diseases in the elderly. A retrospective chart review of 3.8 million people in Northern Ireland found that the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding in people with any diagnosis of aortic stenosis (they did not ...	Heyde's syndrome	Tornwaldt's disease	Waltman Walter syndrome	TRIANGLE disease	Dieterich's disease	Bright's disease	Darier's disease	Camisa disease	14,883
S. pneumoniae is normally found in the nose and throat of 5–10% of healthy adults and 20–40% of healthy children. It can be found in higher amounts in certain environments, especially those where people are spending a great deal of time in close proximity to each other (day-care centers, military barracks). It attaches...	Pneumococcal infection	Group A streptococcal infection	Group B streptococcal infection	Side effects of penicillin	Arcanobacterium haemolyticum infection	Staphylococcal infection	Influenza	Influenza	52,396
<unk> is a term for weak cartilage in the walls of the bronchial tubes, often occurring in children under a day.<unk> means 'floppiness' of some part of the bronchi. Patients present with noisy breathing and/or wheezing. There is collapse of a main stem bronchus on exhalation. If the trachea is also involved the term...	Bronchomalacia	Tracheobronchomalacia	Malacia	Tracheomalacia	Tracheal tumor	Laryngomalacia	Bronchitis kettle	Croup	50,039
<unk> is a rule of thumb that a patient is at high risk of a fatal drug-induced liver injury (DILI) if given a medication that causes hepatocellular injury (not Hepatobiliary injury) with jaundice. The law is based on observations by<unk> Zimmerman, a major scholar of drug-induced liver injury. Some have suggested th...	Hy's law	Lightwood's law	Farr's laws	McNeill's law	Ribot's law	Davis's law	Laura's Law	Sutton's law	44,962
<unk> was filed as Investigational New Drug (IND) number 76431. Initial Phase I studies with<unk> involved determination of pharmacokinetic parameters following a single dose in healthy volunteers. Next, safety and tolerability were investigated in a Phase I trial involving 30 volunteers with advanced solid tumors or...	Lestaurtinib	Mobocertinib	Osimertinib	Selpercatinib	Upadacitinib	Brigatinib	Baricitinib	Axitinib	49,566
The<unk> (or supraclavicular triangle, omoclavicular triangle, Ho's triangle), the smaller division of the posterior triangle, is bounded, above, by the inferior belly of the omohyoideus; below, by the clavicle; its base is formed by the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoideus. Its floor is formed by the first ...	Subclavian triangle	Posterior triangle of the neck	Subclavian loop	Muscular triangle	Anterior triangle of the neck	Submandibular triangle	Supracristal plane	Thoracic inlet	39,078
The type of<unk> dictates the treatment; however, surgery is a common treatment. Most traumatic<unk> warrant an emergency repairing surgery to prevent complications and maintain functionality of the penis sexually and urologically. Catheterization is usually a part of treatment for penis<unk> es; when the urethra is ...	Penile injury	Penile fracture	Bulbar urethral necrosis	Penile torsion	Ureterovaginal fistula	Urethral syndrome	Urethrovaginal fistula	Urogenital fistula	68,539
<unk> is the contraction of the ciliary muscle in the eye, in the accommodation of focus for near vision.<unk> may also exert tensions on the trabecular meshwork, opening the pores and facilitating outflow of the aqueous humour into the canal of Schlemm. The increase in aqueous humour outflow is desirable for patient...	Cyclospasm	Laryngospasm	Vasospasm	Bronchospasm	Eupnea	Cardiovascular drift	Mydriasis	Venospasm	24,380
The<unk> is a type of melanocytic nevus (or mole) found in infants at birth. This type of birthmark occurs in an estimated 1% of infants worldwide; it is located in the area of the head and neck 15% of the time.	Congenital melanocytic nevus	Connective tissue nevus	Eccrine nevus	Benign melanocytic nevus	Adenoma sebaceum	Melanocytic nevus	Linear verrucous epidermal nevus	Pigmented spindle cell nevus	32,200
Eating<unk> The cause is typically the eating of foods containing<unk> seeds or<unk> seed oil. Briefly, the immune system overreacts to proteins found in<unk> -containing foods. Once an allergic reaction has occurred, it remains a lifelong sensitivity for 70-80% of people. Cross-contact Cross-contact, also referred ...	Sesame allergy	Tree nut allergy	Sweat allergy	Nickel allergy	Peanut allergy	Corn allergy	Insect sting allergy	Rice allergy	75,056
Symptoms include a blueish or greenish coloration of the blood (cyanosis), skin, and mucous membranes, even though a blood count test may not show any abnormalities in the blood. This discoloration is caused by greater than 5 grams per cent of deoxyhemoglobin, or 1.5 grams per cent of methemoglobin, or 0.5 grams per ce...	Sulfhemoglobinemia	Methemoglobinemia	Organic acidemia	Cyanide poisoning	Hyperaemia	Isovaleric acidemia	Propionic acidemia	Algaemia	45,623
100mg generic<unk> capsules Cough<unk> is a prescription non-opioid alternative for the symptomatic relief of cough. It has been shown to improve cough associated with a variety of respiratory conditions including asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, pneumothorax, opiate-resistant cough in lung cancer, and em...	Benzonatate	Galantamine	Retigabine	Phenylpiracetam	Tianeptine	Ethosuximide	Chlordiazepoxide	Levetiracetam	25,248
<unk> , also called pigeon chest, is a malformation of the chest characterized by a protrusion of the sternum and ribs. It is distinct from the related malformation<unk> excavatum.	Pectus carinatum	Pes cavus	Pectus excavatum	Omphalolith	Fissured tongue	Visceroptosis	Cephalohematoma	Subungual hematoma	24,577
The highest-velocity<unk> es tend to have the worst associated damage. A study published in 1991, which documented 314 individuals who had suffered<unk> cranial<unk> es caused by gunshot wounds, found that 73% succumbed to their<unk> es at the scene of the incident, and a further 19% ultimately died later, thus indica...	Penetrating head injury	Closed-head injury	Traumatic brain injury	Acquired brain injury	Cerebral contusion	Traumatic asphyxia	Polytrauma	Pediatric concussion	20,248
<unk> or<unk> is defined as the occurrence of blood or red blood cells in the urine. The word<unk> is derived from Greek haima (αἷμα) "blood" and ouron (οὖρον) "urine".<unk> can be visible to the naked eye (termed "gross<unk> ") and may appear red or brown (sometimes referred to as tea-colored), or it can be micros...	Hematuria	Pyuria	Anuria	Oliguria	Polyuria	Crystalluria	Dysuria	Microhematuria	14,594
Ballantyne syndrome has several characteristics: * edema, always a key feature * albuminuria of the mother, usually mild * preeclampsia, unusual The fetal symptoms are related to fluid retention, including ascites and polyhydramnios. Fetal hydrops suggests the presence of an important and probably fatal fetal pathology...	Mirror syndrome	Rape trauma syndrome	Otodental syndrome	Diencephalic syndrome	Virtual reality sickness	Disconnection syndrome	Daughter from California syndrome	Religious trauma syndrome	44,423
<unk> (MTS) is thought to represent between two and five percent of lower-extremity venous disorders.<unk> is often unrecognized; however, current estimates are that this condition is three times more common in women than in men. The classic syndrome typically presents in the second to fourth decades of life. In the ...	May–Thurner syndrome	Van Wyk and Grumbach syndrome	Helsmoortel-Van der Aa syndrome	Wells-Jankovic syndrome	Jeavons syndrome	Crome syndrome	Bogart–Bacall syndrome	Keutel syndrome	34,502
Pharmacokinetics Metabolic pathway for<unk> <unk> . Active metabolites are highlighted.<unk> is absorbed from the gut to about 88%. Bioavailability varies greatly between individual patients, between 30 and 90%, because the drug is partly inactivated in the liver. Highest blood plasma concentrations, counting not onl...	Azathioprine	Hydroxychloroquine	Etanercept	Aminophenazone	Tofacitinib	Teriflunomide	Leflunomide	Sirolimus	13,400
In human, the<unk> gene is located on the X chromosome at position q28.<unk> was first characterized in 1984 by scientists at Genentech. The gene for<unk> is located on the X chromosome (Xq28). The gene for<unk> presents an interesting primary structure, as another gene <unk> A1) is embedded in one of its introns.	Factor VIII	Factor IX	Factor XI	Thrombin	Prothrombinase	Von Willebrand factor	Fibrinogen	Platelet-activating factor	14,127
<unk> of the parotid gland accounts for a much larger percentage of hospital admissions than<unk> of the submandibular gland. Submandibular<unk> has been said to only account for 10% of all cases diagnosed as<unk> . Chronic<unk> has been classified as a relatively common presentation, whereas bacterial<unk> and sc...	Sialadenitis	Laryngitis	Phlegmon	Tonsillitis	Pharyngitis	Posthitis	Sinusitis	Placentitis	37,796
Incorrect application (e.g. into the lungs) results in pulmonary aspiration which can sometimes be fatal if immediate medical treatment is not initiated. The use of<unk> carbon is contraindicated when the ingested substance is an acid, an alkali, or a petroleum product.	Activated charcoal	Drotaverine	Sodium thiosulfate	Secobarbital	Fomepizole	Ethallobarbital	Acetylcysteine	Pivhydrazine	65,952
Adverse effects of<unk> include dependency, both physical and psychological; reduced sleep quality resulting in somnolence; and overdose, resulting in excessive sedation, impairment of balance and speech, respiratory depression or coma, and possibly death. Because of the latter,<unk> is commonly used in suicide. When...	Flunitrazepam	Flutoprazepam	Halazepam	Triazolam	Medazepam	Remimazolam	Amfepramone	Estazolam	967
Scar remained from a<unk> Before the operation, CT scans and MRIs are taken to study the cranial defect. The patient is given antibiotics to prevent bacterial infection. The patient is situated on a foam donut or a horseshoe head holder for the operation. The patient is then anaesthetised and an incision is made follo...	Cranioplasty	Astragalectomy	Craniotomy	Cerebrospinal fluid diversion	Decompressive craniectomy	Minimal-access cranial suspension	Head transplant	Lumbar–peritoneal shunt	36,280
Nitroglycerin can be used immediately to dilate the venous system and reduce the circulating blood volume, therefore reducing the work and oxygen demand of the heart. In addition, nitroglycerin causes peripheral venous and artery dilation reducing cardiac preload and afterload. These reductions allow for decreased stre...	complications of Angina	complications of Myocardial infarction	medical cause of Myocardial infarction	medical cause of Chest pain	complications of Arrhythmia	complications of Ventricular tachycardia	symptom of Myocardial infarction	complications of Coronary thrombosis	32,570
The presentation of<unk> varies depending on the cause. The genetic conditions such as Liddle's syndrome and Congenital adrenal hyperplasia present in childhood or earlier in life than the acquired causes which can present at any age. Adult patients present with clinical history of resistant hypertension despite typic...	Pseudohyperaldosteronism	Familial hyperaldosteronism	Primary aldosteronism	Pseudohypoaldosteronism	Hyperaldosteronism	Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism	Apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome	Hypoaldosteronism	37,698
Laboratory tests may reveal an increased sedimentation rate, elevated CRP, anemia and elevated creatinine due to kidney impairment. An important diagnostic test is the presence of perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p-ANCA) with myeloperoxidase specificity (a constituent of neutrophil granules), and prot...	Microscopic polyangiitis	Granulomatosis with polyangiitis	Polyarteritis nodosa	Lupus vasculitis	Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis	Thromboangiitis obliterans	Transplant glomerulopathy	Thin basement membrane disease	27,699
Skin showing sunburn below the shorts line Differential diagnosis The differential diagnosis of sunburn includes other skin pathology induced by UV radiation including photoallergic reactions, phototoxic reactions to topical or systemic medications, and other dermatologic disorders that are aggravated by exposure to su...	symptom of Xeroderma pigmentosum	symptom of Japanese encephalitis	symptom of Chilaiditi syndrome	symptom of Dermatomyositis	symptom of Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome	symptom of Stevens–Johnson syndrome	symptom of Rotor syndrome	symptom of Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome	52,861
<unk> is a parasitic protozoan that causes<unk> in humans. It is one of several species of Plasmodium parasites that infect other organisms as pathogens, also including Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, responsible for most<unk> infection. Found worldwide, it causes a so-called "benign<unk> , not nearly as ...	Plasmodium malariae	Plasmodium vivax	Plasmodium ovale	Plasmodium chabaudi	Plasmodium knowlesi	Plasmodium unalis	Plasmodium yoelii	Leishmania infantum	27,029
<unk> s work the same way that viral vaccines work, by training the immune system to attack cells that contain the<unk> s in the vaccine. The difference is that the<unk> s for viral vaccines are derived from viruses or cells infected with virus, while the<unk> s for<unk> s are derived from cancer cells. Since<unk><unk>...	Tumor antigen vaccine	Dendritic cell-based cancer vaccine	Cancer vaccine	Antigen-presenting cell vaccine	Therapeutic vaccines	T-cell vaccination	Cancer immunotherapy	Vaccine therapy	48,229
The variation in pressure in the left ventricle (blue line) and the aorta (red line) over two cardiac cycles ("heart beats"), showing the definitions of systolic and diastolic pressure. A recent classification recommends blood pressure criteria for defining normal blood pressure, prehypertension,<unk> (stages I and II...	Essential hypertension	Benign hypertension	Secondary hypertension	Paroxysmal hypertension	Renovascular hypertension	White coat hypertension	Labile hypertension	Systolic hypertension	17,819
A<unk> is a type of burn caused by exposure to the combustion gases which are expelled from the muzzle of a firearm as it is fired.<unk> s only occur when the individual is in close proximity to the discharging firearm, as the gases quickly dissipate. This can be an indicator on a corpse of whether the person was shot...	Powder burn	Aerosol burn	Electrical burn	Chemical burn	Hydrofluoric acid burn	Flash burn	Cigarette burns	Friction burn	62,803
The aims of treatment are to limit the severity and duration of pain, shorten the duration of a<unk> episode, and reduce complications. Symptomatic treatment is often needed for the complication of postherpetic neuralgia. However, a study on untreated<unk> shows that, once the rash has cleared, postherpetic neuralgia...	Shingles	Insect bites and stings	Sealpox	Angina	Farmyard pox	Herpes simplex	Streptococcal intertrigo	Sciatica	12,694
Asthma is the result of chronic inflammation of the conducting zone of the airways (most especially the bronchi and bronchioles), which subsequently results in increased contractability of the surrounding smooth muscles. This among other factors leads to bouts of narrowing of the airway and the classic symptoms of whee...	risks of Allergic rhinitis	risks of Sinusitis	causes of Peanut allergy	risks of Stevens–Johnson syndrome	risks of Pneumocystis pneumonia	causes of Tonsillitis	risks of Melioidosis	risks of Toxic epidermal necrolysis	3,031
<unk> injections were proposed over a century ago however the number performed remained relatively low until the mid 2000s. Until 2001,<unk> injections were mainly used to treat end-ophthalmitis. The number of<unk> injections stayed fairly constant, around 4,500 injections per year in the US. The number of injection...	Intravitreal administration	Intravitreal injection	Intracameral injection	Intracerebroventricular injection	Subcutaneous injection	Subcutaneous infusion	Intraperitoneal injection	Intramuscular injection	37,560
<unk> is used by physicians to diagnose scapholunate instability. This test has a low specificity and sometimes is positive for capito-lunate instability. As many as 20% of normal wrists will also have a 'clunk'.	Watson's test	Clarke's test	Schwatrz's test	Monoyer chart	Sereny test	Golovin–Sivtsev table	Jaeger chart	Ogden tables	57,366
Diagnosis is made by carefully looking at the pubic hair for nits, young lice and adult lice. Lice and nits can be removed either with forceps or by cutting the infested hair with scissors (with the exception of an infestation of the eye area). A magnifying glass, dermatoscope or a stereo-microscope can be used for ide...	Pediculosis pubis	Calcaneal spur	Osteitis pubis	Pediculosis corporis	Protrusio acetabuli	Pectus excavatum	Sacral dimple	Carpal coalition	59,535
Pathophysiology of the<unk> An<unk> <unk> is a very uncommon childbirth (obstetric) emergency in which<unk><unk> enters the blood stream of the mother to trigger a serious reaction. This reaction then results in cardiorespiratory (heart and lung) collapse and massive bleeding (coagulopathy). The rate at which it oc...	Amniotic fluid embolism	Traumatic asphyxia	Artificial rupture of membranes	Cerebrospinal fluid leak	Foetal cerebral redistribution	Neonatal meningitis	Rupture of membranes	Fetal-maternal haemorrhage	42,892
Bloating is not life-threatening. In most cases, bloating can be handled with simple home remedies and changes in lifestyle. Foods Certain foods have been known to worsen bloating. Poorly digested components of many foods are excreted into the large intestine where they are degraded by bacteria, producing excess gas. D...	Abdominal distension	Gallbladder flush	Blood in stool	Abdominal pain	Abdominal guarding	Rectal discharge	Nipple discharge	Fecal vomiting	32,832
<unk> consists of placing a rigid covered dome around the abdomen, with the inside being decompressed to -50 to -100 mmHg for 15 to 30 seconds out of each minute for 30 minutes, one to three times daily, or continuously during labour.<unk> has been known to treat<unk> compartment syndrome (ACS) helping patients who ...	Abdominal decompression	Preperitoneal packing	Whole bowel irrigation	Gastroenterostomy	Perihepatic packing	Colostomy reversal	Cholecystenterostomy	Ileostomy	60,991
Prevention of<unk> is difficult as there are no reliable markers for the later development of the disorder. There is tentative though inconclusive evidence for the effectiveness of early intervention to prevent<unk> in the prodrome phase. There is some evidence that early intervention in those with first-episode psyc...	Schizophrenia	Delusional disorder	Disorganized schizophrenia	Schizoaffective disorder	Simple-type schizophrenia	Autism	Schizophreniform disorder	Bipolar disorder	2,038
The<unk> include axons of type GSE, general somatic efferent, which innervate skeletal muscle of the levator palpebrae superioris, superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles.(innervates all the extrinsic muscles except superior oblique and lateral rectus.) The<unk> also includes axo...	Oculomotor nerve	Supratrochlear nerve	Olfactory nerve	Buccal branches of the facial nerve	Auriculotemporal nerve	Olfactory trigone	Nerve of pterygoid canal	Optician	9,289
<unk> is the act of performing a surgical procedure on oneself. It can be an act taken in extreme circumstances out of necessity, an attempt to avoid embarrassment, legal action, or financial costs, or a rare manifestation of a psychological disorder.	Self-surgery	Self-Surgery	Circumcision surgical procedure	Virgin cleansing myth	Pastoral care	Implant	Foreskin restoration	Clitoral enlargement methods	20,430
<unk> is a fluorescence in situ hybridization assay that was developed for the detection of bladder cancer in urine specimens. It consists of fluorescently labeled DNA probes to the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes 3 (red), 7 (green), and 17 (aqua) and to the 9p21 band (gold) location of the P16 tumor suppressor...	UroVysion	Petrissage	Organ gifting	Adhesion	Denudation	Encopresis	Labial fusion	Hydrodissection	66,956
<unk> is not exclusive for insulinoma, and other conditions will also be considered. The same signs may be caused by hyperinsulinism not caused by insulinoma.	Whipple's triad	Charcot's cholangitis triad	picture of Diverticulitis	Prehn's sign	Friedreich's sign	Ballance's sign	Oliver's sign	Carvallo's sign	20,506
This mass can be detected and removed before transformation and metastasis. The tumor is often detected by imaging such as ultrasound. The location and size of the tumor may cause pressure and pain to the patient. But often the tumor goes undetected. After detection, the mass is tested using an invasive fine-needle asp...	Hürthle cell adenoma	Metanephric adenoma	Nephrogenic adenoma	Pleomorphic adenoma	Pituitary adenoma	Adrenocortical adenoma	Granular cell tumor	Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease	31,402
<unk> (also known as stress eating) is defined as the "propensity to eat in response to positive and negative emotions". While the term often refers to eating as a means of coping with negative emotions, it also includes eating for positive emotions, such as eating foods when celebrating an event or eating to enhance ...	Emotional eating	Counterregulatory eating	Kinking hair	Sleep-talking	Soiling	Food craving	Binge eating	Eating recovery	65,939
<unk> s are a class of drugs that activate<unk> -HT2C<unk> s. They have been investigated for the treatment of a number of conditions including obesity, psychiatric disorders, sexual dysfunction and urinary incontinence. The<unk> -HT2C<unk> s are one of three subtypes that belong to the serotonin<unk> -HT2<unk> subfam...	5-HT2C receptor agonist	Serotonin receptor agonist	Glycine receptor antagonist	Adenosine reuptake inhibitor	Dopamine agonist	Muscarinic antagonist	5-HT3 antagonist	Dopamine antagonist	63,584
Renal ultrasonography of<unk> renal disease caused by glomerulonephritis with increased echogenicity and reduced cortical thickness. Measurement of<unk> length on the US image is illustrated by '+' and a dashed line. Some forms of glomerulonephritis are diagnosed clinically, based on findings on history and examinati...	causes of Chronic kidney disease	causes of Nephrotic syndrome	causes of Hypercalcaemia	causes of Hyperphosphatemia	causes of Pyelonephritis	causes of Peripheral artery disease	risks of Peripheral artery disease	risks of Myocardial infarction	21,445
<unk> is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and therefore does not have much significant interactions with other drugs in people with normal liver function.	Rifaximin	Ursodeoxycholic acid	Chenodeoxycholic acid	Lactulose	Piretanide	Sucralfate	Cefiderocol	Rifapentine	34,538
Absolute contraindications for the procedure are metastatic disease in the abdominal cavity or nearby organs. These are found most often on the peritoneum, in the liver, and in the omentum. In order to determine if there are metastases, surgeons will inspect the abdomen at the beginning of the procedure after gaining a...	Pancreaticoduodenectomy	Segmental resection	Pancreatectomy	Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization	Hepatectomy	Gastrectomy	Jejunoileal bypass	Sleeve gastrectomy	21,771
<unk> , also known as amidotrizoate, is a contrast agent used during X-ray imaging. This includes visualizing veins, the urinary system, spleen, and joints, as well as computer tomography (CT scan). It is given by mouth, injection into a vein, injection into the bladder, through a nasogastric tube, or rectally. Relativ...	Diatrizoate	Dichloroacetic acid	Orthosilicic acid	Phospho soda	Triheptanoin	Hermaphrodite	Thiamylal	Lactitol	30,713
A<unk> is a yellow, perifollicular, saucerlike or cup-shaped crust with a cheesy odor, composed of dense mats of mycelia and epithelial debris. Scutula often occur on the scalp and are characteristic of favus.	Scutulum	Vesical tenesmus	Symphytum	Inoculum	Pinguecula	Genu varum	Periorbita	Cutaneous horn	36,738
If<unk> injury is not diagnosed promptly, a worse outcome is associated. Delayed treatment is associated with an especially high morbidity and mortality if perforation of the gastrointestinal tract is involved.	Abdominal trauma	Post-vagotomy diarrhea	Splenic injury	Pancreatic injury	Intra-abdominal infection	Major trauma	Biliary injury	Postoperative fever	50,466
<unk> is an antiemetic drug. In the United States, the combination drug<unk> /palonosetron (trade name Akynzeo) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for prevention of acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, including highly emetogenic chemotherapy such as with cisplatin. In Europe, it is...	Netupitant	Oprelvekin	Aprepitant	Bosentan	Macitentan	Ezlopitant	Eptifibatide	Tafamidis	66,800
<unk> is an antibacterial medicated<unk> owned by Godrej Consumer Products.<unk> was originally manufactured in Boston, Massachusetts by Potter Drug and Chemical Company. Noted Boston philanthropist George Robert White (1847-1922) was once the president and owner of Potter Drug and Chemical Company.<unk> has been i...	Cuticura soap	Winpepi	Pit latrine	Crusaid	Haidinger's brush	Tao brush	Antimonial cup	Tar water	43,551
Treatment of THB deficiencies consists of THB supplementation (2–20 mg/kg per day) or diet to control blood phenylalanine concentration and replacement therapy with neurotransmitters precursors (L-DOPA and 5-HTP) and supplements of folinic acid in DHPR deficiency.<unk> is available as a tablet for oral administration ...	Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency	Cerebral folate deficiency	Cytochrome b5 deficiency	Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency	Molybdenum cofactor deficiency	Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency	Biotin deficiency	32,652
<unk> refers to a high or low<unk><unk> <unk> (BMR). It has numerous causes, both physiological (part of the body's normal function) and pathological (associated with disease).	Abnormal basal metabolic rate	Thyroid hormone resistance	Insulin resistance	Pituitary ACTH hypersecretion	Adrenocortical hyperfunction	Problematic social media use	Chronic stress	Problematic smartphone use	31,534
The Javits Center in New York City has been used as an ACS during the COVID-19 pandemic. An<unk> (ACS) is a medical treatment facility established in a non-traditional setting during a public-health crisis (or other event causing strain on local medical resources) as a means of providing additional capacity to deliver...	Alternate care site	Injection port	Patient gown	Biological specimen	Drug packaging	Surgical instrument	Durable medical equipment	Trocar	73,971
<unk> , also known as agenesis of corpus callosum with neuronopathy (ACCPN) and Charlevoix disease, among other names, is a very rare neurodegenerative genetic disorder that damages the nerves used to control muscles and related to sensation and is often associated with agenesis of the corpus collosum. It was first des...	Andermann syndrome	Zimmermann–Laband syndrome	Scheuermann's disease	Ackerman syndrome	Hallermann–Streiff syndrome	Conradi–Hünermann syndrome	Omenn syndrome	Binder's syndrome	69,760
The following revised diagnostic criteria for<unk> were proposed in 2005. The diagnosis requires the presence of both A criteria together with B3 to B6, or of criterion A1 together with B1 to B6. The criteria are as follows: * A1. Platelet count > 400 × 103/µL for at least 2 months. * A2. Acquired V617F JAK2 mutation ...	Essential thrombocythemia	Refractory cytopenia of childhood	Polycythemia vera	Transient erythroblastopenia of childhood	Primary myelofibrosis	Chronic neutrophilic leukemia	Drug-induced thrombocytopenic purpura	Aplastic anemia	18,396
An eating disorder is a mental disorder defined by abnormal eating behaviors that negatively affect a person's physical or mental health. Only one eating disorder can be diagnosed at a given time. Types of eating disorders include binge eating disorder, where the afflicted eats a large amount in a short period of time;...	complications of Body image disturbance	treatment of Gender dysphoria	treatment of Body image disturbance	treatment of Eating disorder	risks of Erectile dysfunction	risks of Somatization disorder	complications of Eating disorder	symptom of Chronic fatigue syndrome	4,066
Food from<unk> s A<unk> is a diet consisting mostly or entirely of<unk><unk> foods.<unk> s encompass a wide range of dietary patterns that contain low amounts of animal products and high amounts of<unk> products such as vegetables, fruits, whole cereals, legumes, nuts and seeds. They do not need to be vegan or veget...	Plant-based diet	Feingold diet	Low-fiber/low-residue diet	Low-FODMAP diet	Stillman diet	Rice diet	Specific carbohydrate diet	Cotton ball diet	17,890
Due to the rarity of this disease, there is a lack of comprehensive and high quality research about the different treatment options, and therefore, no specific treatment plan is followed globally. However, some studies have attempted to outline the most widely accepted approaches in dealing with<unk> . Fluorinated ster...	Congenital heart block	Ectopic pacemaker	Cyanotic heart defect	Acyanotic heart defect	Cardiac myxoma	Heart valve dysplasia	Primary tumors of the heart	Broken Heart	73,018
Type 1 and Type 2 FAD call for the same treatment: immediate surgery to replace the aorta. Surgery is required due to the high risk of mortality. Type 3 is less severe and requires the maintenance of blood pressure through diet and exercise. Upon diagnosing someone with FAD intravenous antihypertensive treatment is fre...	Familial aortic dissection	Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm	Familial atrial fibrillation	Takayasu's arteritis	Arterial tortuosity syndrome	Inflammatory aortic aneurysm	Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis	Coronary artery aneurysm	54,647
<unk> , also known as 2-hydroxymethylene-17α-methyl-4,5α-dihydrotestosterone (2-hydroxymethylene-17α-methyl-DHT) or as 2-hydroxymethylene-17α-methyl-5α-androstan-17β-ol-3-one, is a synthetic androstane steroid and a 17α-alkylated derivative of DHT.	Oxymetholone	Metenolone	Oxendolone	Trestolone	Fluocinonide	Methylstenbolone	Mometasone	Trenbolone acetate	29,939
Surgery is the only cure for parathyroid adenomas. It is successful about 95% of the time. Parathyroidectomy is the removal of the affected gland(s). The standard of treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism was formerly a surgical technique called bilateral neck exploration, in which the neck was opened on both sides, ...	medical cause of Hyperparathyroidism	medical diagnosis of Hyperparathyroidism	medical cause of Hyperphosphatemia	medical cause of Hypophosphatemia	complications of Hyperparathyroidism	symptom of Hyperparathyroidism	medical cause of Hyperthyroidism	medical cause of Hypothyroidism	50,879
<unk> (USAN), trade name Ravicti, is a medication used in the treatment of certain inborn urea cycle disorders. The medication works by preventing the harmful buildup of ammonia in the body. It is an FDA-approved prescription drug in the US. It is approved for anyone over 2 months of age. It was developed by Hyperion ...	Glycerol phenylbutyrate	Indoxyl sulfate	Beta-Hydroxy beta-methylbutyric acid	Homotaurine	Doisynolic acid	Oxycholesterol	3-Indolepropionic acid	Phenylacetic acid	64,405
Unlike diagnostic efforts prompted by symptoms and<unk> signs, cancer screening involves efforts to detect cancer after it has formed, but before any noticeable symptoms appear. This may involve physical examination, blood or urine tests or<unk> imaging. Cancer screening is not available for many types of cancers. Ev...	medical cause of Abnormal uterine bleeding	symptom of Postpartum infections	medical cause of Postpartum bleeding	symptom of Postpartum bleeding	symptoms of Endometriosis	symptom of Endometriosis	symptom of Ectopic pregnancy	symptom of Ovarian cancer	5,928
<unk> (TVOR), also referred to as<unk> retrieval (OCR), is a technique used in in vitro fertilization (IVF) in order to remove<unk> s from the ovary of a woman, enabling fertilization outside the body.<unk> is more properly referred to as<unk> ovum retrieval when the<unk> s have matured into ova, as is normally the...	Transvaginal oocyte retrieval	Posthumous sperm retrieval	Menstrual extraction	Ovarian tissue cryopreservation	Ovarian drilling	Ovarian stimulation	Artificial insemination	Embryo transfer	45,762
Some of the possible complications associated with<unk> include: * Risks of anaesthesia, including allergic reaction * Surgical risks such as bleeding or infection * Blood clots that may cause potentially fatal cardiovascular complications, such as heart attack, deep vein thrombosis or stroke * Collapsed lung * Fluid ...	Brachioplasty	Phalloplasty	Chondrolaryngoplasty	Non-surgical rhinoplasty	Trabeculoplasty	Gingivoplasty	Rhinoplasty	Cricopharyngeal myotomy	47,687
<unk> (born 1939) is an American molecular geneticist who pioneered the development of mouse models to understand the molecular basis of diseases due to mutations of thyroid hormone receptors.<unk> is a senior investigator at the National Cancer Institute and chief of the gene regulation section.	Sheue-yann Cheng	Shenkui	Patient portal	Prego v. City of New York	London medical students at Belsen	Hospital corpsman	Clinical research associate	Jeremy Kyle's Emergency Room	73,728
<unk> is a group of blood and lymph tumors that develop from lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). In current usage the name usually refers to just the cancerous versions rather than all such tumours. Signs and symptoms may include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, drenching sweats, unintended weight loss, itching, and...	Lymphoma	Cat-scratch disease	Thymoma	Paracoccidioidomycosis	Thyroid nodule	Meningioma	Myoma	Branchial cleft cyst	5,070
Urine may contain pus (a condition known as pyuria) as seen from a person with sepsis due to a urinary tract infection. Lower urinary tract infection is also referred to as a bladder infection. The most common symptoms are burning with urination and having to urinate frequently (or an urge to urinate) in the absence of...	causes of Hematuria	causes of Pyelonephritis	medical cause of Hematuria	causes of Hematochezia	causes of Peritonitis	symptom of Pyelonephritis	causes of Ascites	medical cause of Pyelonephritis	2,329
<unk> or<unk> MRI <unk> measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases. The primary form of<unk> uses the blood-oxyg...	Functional magnetic resonance imaging	Functional imaging	Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging	Kinetic imaging	Electromagnetic source imaging	Functional near-infrared spectroscopy	Gated SPECT	Current density imaging	8,441
<unk> (Photodyn, Sensibion) is a porphyrin prepared from hemin. It is a derivative of protoporphyrin IX, where the two vinyl groups have been hydrated (converted to alcohols). It is a deeply colored solid that is usually encountered as a solution. Its chemical structure was determined in 1900. It is used as a photosen...	Hematoporphyrin	Hemichrome	Fosdenopterin	Neurite	Hemoglobin	Melanin	Cellulite	Lipochrome	58,416
Hazardous noise causes injury to the hearing mechanisms in the inner ear.<unk> may result in sensorineural HL (SNHL) that is either temporary (temporary threshold shift, TTS) or permanent (permanent threshold shift, PTS). A TTS will resolve with time, while the time frame for hearing recovery is unique in every case, ...	Acoustic trauma	Facial trauma	Barotrauma	Penetrating trauma	Traumatic asphyxia	Closed-head injury	Trauma	Blast injury	68,263
The etymology of English<unk> derives from Medieval Latin<unk> , from Arabic إكسير (al-ʾiksīr), probably from Ancient Greek ξήριον (xḗrion "a desiccative powder for wounds").<unk> originated in medieval European alchemy meaning "A preparation by the use of which it was sought to change metals into gold"<unk> stone o...	Chinese alchemical elixir poisoning	Scombroid food poisoning	Tin poisoning	Loch Maree Hotel botulism poisoning	Mozambique funeral beer poisoning	Mushroom poisoning	Ciguatera fish poisoning	Chlorine gas poisoning	69,743
If the Hirschsprung's disease is treated in time,<unk> patients live otherwise healthy lives. If it is not found soon enough, death often occurs in infancy. Digestive problems from the colostomy and reattachment may exist, but most cases can be treated with laxatives. The hearing loss, which is usually degenerative, c...	ABCD syndrome	EAST syndrome	TEMPI syndrome	HAIR-AN syndrome	RIDDLE syndrome	IPEX syndrome	CLOVES syndrome	MELAS syndrome	30,915
Vaccination with live-attenuated or live vaccines is not recommended during treatment and should be administered at least four weeks before starting<unk> .	Satralizumab	Caplacizumab	Brolucizumab	Natalizumab	Ixekizumab	Tocilizumab	Benralizumab	Ravulizumab	71,724
<unk> or scratchy<unk> can temporarily be relieved with 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon salt dissolved in an 8 ounces or 230 ml glass of warm water. Pain medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol (acetaminophen) help in the management of pain. The use of corticosteroids seems to increase ...	Sore throat	Nasal congestion	Cough	Headache	Neck spasm	Catarrh	Vomiting	Nausea	10,585
Side view of the skull with anterior<unk> . Side view of the skull with posterior<unk> . Side view of the skull with superior<unk> . Front view of the skull with lateral<unk> . There are four different positions of<unk> <unk> : posterior, anterior, superior and lateral. The most common position is anterior, while the o...	Dislocation of jaw	Overbite	Mandibular fracture	Phossy jaw	Fissured tongue	Anismus	Crenated tongue	Stridor	59,017
If the femur head is dislocated, it should be reduced as soon as possible, to prevent damage to its blood supply. This is preferably done under anaesthesia, following which, leg is kept pulled by applying traction to prevent joint from dislocating. The final management depends on the size of the fragment(s), stability ...	Acetabular fracture	Sacral fracture	Hip dislocation	Hip fracture	Knee dislocation	Femoral fracture	Humerus fracture	Jefferson fracture	61,423
Cancer can be considered a very large and exceptionally heterogeneous family of malignant diseases, with<unk> <unk><unk> s comprising one of the largest subsets. Terminology All<unk> <unk><unk> lesions are thought to begin via the repeated, uncontrolled division of cancer stem<unk> s of epithelial lineage or character...	Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma	Pseudolymphoma	Rhinoscleroma	Odontogenic keratocyst	Fundic gland polyp	Aquarium granuloma	Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma	Chorangioma	64,179
Immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy X-linked (or<unk> is a rare disease linked to the dysfunction of the gene encoding transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), widely considered to be the master regulator of the regulatory T cell lineage. It leads to the dysfunction of CD4+ regulatory T-cells and t...	IPEX syndrome	EAST syndrome	TAN syndrome	TEMPI syndrome	SUNCT syndrome	VEXAS syndrome	3C syndrome	RIDDLE syndrome	34,790
Direct-to-consumer options for monitoring heart rate and heart rate variability have become increasingly prevalent using smartphones and smartwatches. These monitoring systems have become increasingly validated and may help provide early identification for those at risk for a serious arrhythmia such as atrial fibrillat...	Palpitations	Tachycardia	Bradycardia	Hyperthymesia	Orthopnea	Chest pain	Apnea	Bigeminy	12,724
The pediatric<unk> undergoes dramatic changes and significant pruning of neural networks throughout development. Whereby the areas for primary senses and motor skills are mostly developed by age 4, other areas, like the frontal cortices involved in higher level reasoning, decision-making, emotion, and impulsivity cont...	Childhood acquired brain injury	Pediatric stroke	Acquired brain injury	Childhood cancer	Traumatic brain injury	Trauma in children	Pediatric concussion	Primary and secondary brain injury	64,596
The<unk> is caused in 60% of cases by a mutated gene called CIAS1 that is known to be involved in other syndromes that appear somewhat similar, such as Muckle–Wells syndrome and familial cold urticaria. In many patients, the parents do not have the same mutation, indicating the problem was not inherited, even though i...	Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease	Neonatal toxic shock-like exanthematous disease	Neonatal meningitis	Neonatal sepsis	Shaken baby syndrome	Neonatal hepatitis	Neonatal hypocalcemia	Neonatal diabetes	39,483
<unk> is indicated only for women with severe diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) who have: * chronic IBS symptoms (generally lasting 6 months or longer), * had anatomic or biochemical abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract excluded, and * not responded adequately to conventional therapy. Severe...	Alosetron	Tropisetron	Granisetron	Cilansetron	Palonosetron	Avacopan	Agomelatine	Bocasan	21,156
Some causes for<unk> lobe epilepsy can be a lesion and/or injury to the<unk> lobe. If that is not the case, the cause often may be unknown. Other potential causes could be tumors or cortical malformations. Lesions can be due to<unk> cortical dysplasia, which can be difficult to identify and diagnose based on an MRI....	Occipital epilepsy	Photosensitive epilepsy	Vertiginous epilepsy	Catamenial epilepsy	Myoclonic epilepsy	Temporal lobe epilepsy	Epilepsy	Childhood absence epilepsy	69,695
Typically, the incidence of<unk> or<unk> after general anesthesia ranges between 25 and 30%.<unk> and<unk> can be extremely distressing for patients, and so is one of their major concerns.<unk> has been associated with major complications, such as pulmonary aspiration of gastric content, and might endanger surgica...	Postoperative nausea and vomiting	Postoperative fever	Post-vagotomy diarrhea	Postoperative cognitive dysfunction	Abdominal compartment syndrome	Short bowel syndrome	Retroperitoneal bleeding	Acute abdomen	16,635
<unk> of the fingernail: The red line shows the outline of a clubbed nail. Schamroths window test, done to identify<unk> When<unk> is observed, pseudoclubbing should be excluded before making the diagnosis. Associated conditions may be identified by taking a detailed medical history—particular attention is paid to l...	Nail clubbing	Shell nail syndrome	Rose spots	Acrocyanosis	Brachymetatarsia	Parosmia	Copper beaten skull	Varicose veins	14,348
Hypotonia is a state of low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to stretch in a muscle), often involving reduced muscle strength. Hypotonia is not a specific medical disorder, but a potential manifestation of many different diseases and disorders that affect motor nerve control by the brain or muscle stren...	symptom of Prader–Willi syndrome	symptom of Scheuermann's disease	symptom of Rotor syndrome	symptom of Klinefelter syndrome	symptom of Klippel–Feil syndrome	symptom of Kallmann syndrome	symptom of Laron syndrome	symptom of Angelman syndrome	19,218
<unk> , also known as 17α-ethynyl-18-methyl-19-nor-δ9,11-testosterone, as well as 17α-ethynyl-18-methylestra-4,9,11-trien-17β-ol-3-one or as 13β-ethyl-18,19-dinor-17α-pregna-4,9,11-trien-20-yn-17β-ol-3-one, is a synthetic estrane steroid and a derivative of testosterone. It is more specifically a derivative of norethis...	Gestrinone	Gestodene	Mestanolone	Goserelin	Anastrozole	Oxandrolone	Allenestrol	Hexestrol	37,440
Available data do not show evidence of an increased cardiovascular risk in patients without established, current or past history of ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease or cerebrovascular disease, or in those without uncontrolled hypertension. In a meta-analysis of 7,500 patients, in those with known un...	Strontium ranelate	Calcium carbonate	Potassium fluoride	Sodium stibogluconate	Ferrous tartrate	Sodium fluoride	Dimethyl methylphosphonate	Lanthanum carbonate	44,127
Example of Trisomy 21 detected via quantitative PCR short tandem repeat assay Germline<unk> is typically detected through karyotyping, a process in which a sample of cells is fixed and stained to create the typical light and dark chromosomal banding pattern and a picture of the chromosomes is analyzed. Other technique...	Aneuploidy	Germline mosaicism	Polyploidy	Defocus aberration	Germline mutation	Robertsonian translocation	Chromosomal translocation	Heteroxeny	10,540
<unk> is an epidemic paralytic disease occurring among hunger-stricken rural populations in Africa where a diet dominated by insufficiently processed cassava results in simultaneous malnutrition and high dietary cyanide intake.<unk> was first described by Giovanni Trolli in 1938 who compiled the observations from eig...	Konzo	Riken	Sultiame	Gutka	WebTeb	Uinyeo	Koi	Onyalai	43,843
Pharmacodynamics 7α-Thiomethylspironolactone, the major active form of<unk> . It accounts for about 80% of the potassium-sparing effect of<unk> . Canrenone, the second major active form of<unk> . It accounts for around 10 to 25% of the potassium-sparing effect of<unk> . The pharmacodynamics of<unk> are characterized b...	Spironolactone	Chlorothiazide	Cyclothiazide	Amiloride	Hydrochlorothiazide	Furosemide	Torasemide	Bumetanide	16,904
The two most common types of<unk> s are calcium fluoride and lithium fluoride, with one or more impurities to produce trap states for energetic electrons. The former is used to record gamma exposure, the latter for gamma and neutron exposure (indirectly, using the Li-6 (n,alpha) nuclear reaction; for this reason, LiF<u...	Thermoluminescent dosimeter	Gaseous detection device	Dolorimeter	Mercury-in-glass thermometer	Carbon monoxide detector	Whole-body counting	Alcohol thermometer	Keratometer	60,506
<unk> is listed in Orphanet database as a rare disease. There is not much information available about the epidemiology of microlissencepahly in literature. A PhD thesis has estimated the prevalence of microlissencepahly in southeastern Hungary between July 1992 and June 2006 to be a case every 91,000 live births (0.11...	Microlissencephaly	Microhydranencephaly	Schizencephaly	Hemihydranencephaly	Lissencephaly	Holoprosencephaly	Hydranencephaly	Megalencephaly	70,636

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.