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one after the other and then I had to hold their arms and they received ten centimeters above the lower arm and there was one drop of the fluid put upon that part of the arm. Then the people who had been treated in such a way had to go into an adjoining room. They had to stand there for one hour with their arms sprayed... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 315,000 | 315,500 |
then one of the prisoners had to smash these ampules and thus they had to inhales this gas which was escaping, and then afterwards sometimes, of course, they were unconscious, and they were brought back to consciousness and returned to the Ahnenerbe Department and there the treatment continued and the progress of the d... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 315,450 | 315,950 |
room attached to the crematory, a so-called sick room. After that, these people were never seen again. Q Do you know what happened to them, Witness? A You mean to those people who went to the crematory? They were immediately cremated when they were dead. Q These people were those who had been given injections? A Yes. Q... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 315,900 | 316,400 |
around November, 1942, and you left the camp to go to Innesheim in about December, 1943. Is that right? A Yes. Q How far is Innesheim from Natzweiler? A That is approximately 70 to 80 kilometers. Q Were these gas experiments still going on at the time you left Natzweiler in the latter part of 1934? A The camp at Innesh... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 316,350 | 316,850 |
of 1944? A.No, the injections were given while I was still there. Q.That was the latter part of 1943? A.Yes, correct. Q.So, these injections that you saw while you were there you think that those might have been typhus injections? A.Yes, it is possible that they were. Q.Were Luftwaffe doctors there? Did they observe th... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 316,800 | 317,300 |
A.No. MR. McHANEY:I have no further questions at this time. THE PRESIDENT:Does any of the counsel for the defendants desire to cross-examine this witness? CROSS EXAMINATION DR.WEISGRUBER (Counsel for defendant Sievers): Witness, your profession is miner, Yes? A.Yes, miner. Q.Did you become an invalid so that you could ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 317,250 | 317,750 |
your question more clear. Do you mean on behalf of the SS or the detainees? Q. witness, you are not entitled to put questions to me, you know. I am asking you again whether you, as a Revier Capo, as sick quarters superintindent, had orders to supervise or to guard detainees? A.Who was supposed to give me that order? Wh... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 317,700 | 318,200 |
reached a condition where they were incapable of escaping? AI have also mentioned at the same time that this block had been separated and was locked so that no one could get out, none of these people, these experimental subjects, could get out. QSo that you want to say that an escape attempt would have been impossible ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 318,150 | 318,650 |
did you consider these experiments normal medical experiments, or did you think that they were some thing non-permissible? AWell, if Professor Hirt congratulated, the experimenting doctors of each individual case and said, "we can congratulate each other for having succeeded with our experiments," then you wouldn't hav... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 318,600 | 319,100 |
they were criminal or political prisoners. A.Well I knew, for instance, that Miller was Miller and that Hoffman was Hoffman, and I knew that Miller was a criminal prisoner and that Hoffman was a political one. Q.Did you know every inmate of the camp? A.The majority of them I did, yes. Q.And how did you know them? A.Bec... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 319,050 | 319,550 |
produced typhus or that they were typhus injections and that they were the cause of the epidemic? A.Yes, because beginning with that moment that epidemic was apparent. Q.Is there anything known to you how typhus is transmitted? A.Yes. Q.What do you know about it. A.Typhus can be passed on, for instance, through dirt, t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 319,500 | 320,000 |
my question. The experimental subjects who received these injections were immediately after the injection transferred into the crematorium? AYes, there was a room there at the crematorium that was put at this disposal. QWell, how long did it take for these people to die? AAbout five or six days. It may have been earlie... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 319,950 | 320,450 |
administered by Guy Favarger, who is a research analyst of the Office of Chief of Counsel for War Crimes, and therefore I take it that under the Court's ruling this morning this affidavit also can be offered provisionally and the certificate which we will obtain from General Taylor will cover, I hope, all persons attac... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 320,400 | 320,900 |
August 1943, one morning between 7 and 7:30, I saw the unloading of women's bodies. I touched these bodies and ascertained that they were still warm. They all presented signs of nose bleeds and I deduced that they had very likely been asphyxiated or poisoned. "6. In the summer of 1944 Bong and Meyer received an order f... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 320,850 | 321,350 |
(J) of the indictment as a war crime, and in Paragraph 11 as a crime against humanity. I think it might be well to read Paragraph 6 (J) of the indictment to summarize briefly the facts which the Prosecution expects to prove. "From about December 1941 to about February 1945 experiments were conducted at the Buchenwald a... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 321,300 | 321,800 |
The affidavit has not been made in the German language but in the English language. I should like to draw the attention of the Tribunal to page 6 of the English Document Book. Hoven is a German citizen. The defendant Dr. Hoven does not have the necessary knowledge of the English language in order to make such an affida... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 321,750 | 322,250 |
the stand himself and attack the affidavit, and if it appears to the Tribunal that it was improperly taken it will be stricken from the record. The admission now is without prejudice to the defendant Hoven to attack the affidavit later. DR. GAWLIK:It didn't come through in the German, Your Honor. THE PRESIDENT:I am sor... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 322,200 | 322,700 |
various positions in the Buchenwald Concentration Camp during this period of nearly four years I became acquainted with all phases of the medical activities therein and am hereby able to make the following statement: Spotted Fever and Virus Experiments. 4. In the latter part of 1 of various Spotted Fever vaccines. This... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 322,650 | 323,150 |
and then infected with the spotted fever virus. In order to contrast the effectiveness of the vaccine another group of inmates were merely infected with the spotted fever virus without any previous vaccination. Between the Autumn of 1942 and the Summer of 1943 about 500 inmates of the Buchenwald Concentration Camp were... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 323,100 | 323,600 |
action was executed under the code name '14 f 13'. I visited Bernburg on one occasion to arrange for the cremation of two inmates who died in the Wernigerode Branch of the Buchenwald Concentration Camp. "THE KILLING OF INMATES BY PHENOL AND OTHER MEANS. "10. In the camp we had a great many prisoners who were jealous of... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 323,550 | 324,050 |
for work were exterminated under the German Euthanasia Program. The other portion of the affidavit dealing with matters other than the typhus experiments, is Hoven's rather pathetic description of the part he personally played in the killing of some one hundred and fifty inmates who he has described as traitors to the ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 324,000 | 324,500 |
affidavit nor before signing that affidavit, was informed as to what extent he had the right to refuse making that testimony. Finally, this affidavit was sworn to in front of a civilian, so that the same statements apply to it that were made previously and repeatedly by the High Tribunal in other cases. THE PRESIDENT:T... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 324,450 | 324,950 |
1937 at the University of Halle. In 1939 I became a lecturer for this field of science at the University in Berlin and was appointed professor of this university in 1944. "2. By reason of my position as Chief Hygiene Officer of the Waffen SS and Chief of Amt XVI in the SS operational Main Office and later of the Office... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 324,900 | 325,400 |
results of experiments carried out thus far. In this report I gave the necessary explanations and showed Dr. Genzken some charts which were sent to me by Dr. Ding's office and which indicated the fever and pulse curves, the dates of the vaccination and artificial infection, the death rates, complication which arose, et... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 325,350 | 325,850 |
courtroom. THE PRESIDENT:The Secretary-General will note for the record the fact that all the defendants are present in court. This afternoon the Tribunal will recess probably at 3:30 o'clock in order to go into consultation to consider the matter suggested last week by several defense counsel in connection with the ma... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 325,800 | 326,300 |
there is no indication that the oath was administered by a person who had the authority to administer such oath. Thus there is no real oath in this case. Furthermore, I should like to point out that the last notation sworn to on the 19th of December 1945 must refer to the translation because on the 19th of December 194... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 326,250 | 326,750 |
fact that the affiant is no longer available is a very strong reason why the Document should be admitted. I can assure the Tribunal that if he were living and available, he would be sitting in the dock before the Tribunal, but he is now dead and cannot be called here either for direct or crossexamination. The only evid... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 326,700 | 327,200 |
he asked me to the hospital block in the prison building. Besides himself and another doctor - probably Dr. Plaza - only two other prison male nurses, whom I cannot remember, were present. "I talked with the doctor about the composition of the Phenol injection and, as far as I can remember, it consisted of undiluted ra... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 327,150 | 327,650 |
readiness as I know from rosters that Dietzsch showed me once. Such experiments did not only take place in the block but also, in a certain case, in the camp itself. For that experiment about 80 Dutchmen were taken, they did not have to work and they were given extra rations. For that they had to have their temperature... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 327,600 | 328,100 |
Block 46 when Ding was away on trips to Berlin or to the Pasteur Institute in Paris. THE PRESIDENT:You refer to Doctor Ding, do you mean Ding or Schuler? MR. McHANEY:I am sorry, your Honor, Ding is Doctor Schuler. The man's name was Ding up until, I think, sometime in 1944, whereupon he secured permission of the approp... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 328,050 | 328,550 |
it that it probably could not and would not be assumed by the Tribunal that these people necessarily were non-German nationalities. JUDGE SEBRING:Well, it is your view that this affidavit may tend to establish culpability as against the defendant Mrugowsky under the preliminary charges that are not particularized; most... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 328,500 | 329,000 |
the witness to speak loud enough so we can understand him in French -- to be able to check the French. If the microphone could be moved over a little, the interpreter is speaking too low as if she was carrying on a private conversation. THE PRESIDENT:The witness will speak louder and into the microphone. The interprete... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 328,950 | 329,450 |
The SS gave him capsules which they were to break when a sign was given from outside. After some time the door was opened and the 5 survivors were brought for observation to Block 5, Room 2. I was told to take their temperatures three times a day. Q.Now do you know what happened to the other 10 persons who were experim... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 329,400 | 329,900 |
who was interested in these matters, and Dr. Hertz from Strasbourg. A.Now you said there was a typhus block. A.Yes. Q.Were you ever in the typhus? A.Never in Natzweiler because the block was closed; it was forbidden to enter it. Q.Do you know from any source what they were doing in the typhus block? A.Nothing in partic... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 329,850 | 330,350 |
Department of the Hygiene Institute of the Waffen-SS at the Buchenwald Concentration Camp. The chart shows that the inoculation of the vaccines was made over various periods of time. The inoculations were increased as they went along. We also get the temperature and pulse reaction of the individuals who were subjected ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 330,300 | 330,800 |
stated there that he had this sick leave in 1942. This inaccuracy, alone, shows that the draft, which is being submitted here, is absolutely unreliable. It neither bears a signature nor a date. I am convinced it cannot be admitted in evidence. MR. McHANEY:If the Tribunal please, I would just like to observe that the ob... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 330,750 | 331,250 |
We will pick that information up from a later document. It also shows the persons who made inspections of the Department for Typhus and Virus Research at Buchenwald on Page 17 of the English Document Book. We find out what visitors they had at the Institute who knew what was going on there. Consequently, I submit, it i... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 331,200 | 331,700 |
persons; 11 April, not yet terminated, Infections with spotted fever, so far applied to 47 persons; 24 April to 1 June, Experiment with spotted fever therapeutics 'Akridin-Granulate' and 'Rutenol' carried out on 40 experimental persons; 28 May to 9 September, Experiment with spotted fever vaccine 'Asid' 'Asid-Adsoriat'... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 331,650 | 332,150 |
MR. McHANEY:Yes, indeed. I think it will take five or ten minutes for us to make a search of the courthouse to see if he is still here. In the meantime, I suggest that I continue with the presentation. THE PRESIDENT:If the witness is not in the courthouse, will you take immediate steps to find where he is and procure h... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 332,100 | 332,600 |
infected with spotted fever after strain Bu III had died during the first infection. In this case the lack of mice was once more especially noticeable. "First Half of November. Outbreak of an epidemic among 375 recently supplied mice to which 289 animals succumbed within a few days. As the remaining mice were not healt... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 332,550 | 333,050 |
the experimental animals." The witness, Henri Jean Grandjean, is now waiting outside. I think it might add to the continuity if I completed this document, and we will then call him to the stand. The part which I have just read from Prosecution Exhibit 285, of course deals with the production of typhus vaccines which wa... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 333,000 | 333,500 |
we find: "Inspection of the department by the Director of the Central Building Section of the Waffen-SS and Police, SS-Obersturmfuehrer Huehnefeld, and discussion of necessary improvements." On the 26th of August: "Inspection by the higher SS and Police leader in Kassel. SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of the Waffen-... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 333,450 | 333,950 |
he was away from the Typhus and Virus Research Institute at Buchenwald, it was the Defendant Hoven who was in charge of the Institute in his absence, and thus is the position of the Prosecution that he also bears primary responsibility for the crimes which were there committed. And I think we may now call the witness, ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 333,900 | 334,400 |
fever? AThere seems to have been a misunderstanding here between the English and the German expression. However, there was no doubt in my mind. I was going to speak about fleckfieber -- typhus. The question here was not typhoid, and I never thought about typhoid at all. QThat is, you always spoke about fleckfieber -- t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 334,350 | 334,850 |
publication of this paper. And the stamp, "The Reich Physician SS and Police, Berlin 29 September 1944, by order of A. Poppendick, SS-Sturmbannfuehrer." So, we see that the defendant Poppendick is offering his approval of the publication of this paper written by Ding. Poppendick, the Tribunal will recall, is head of th... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 334,800 | 335,300 |
result of these experiments was so encouraging that we considered ourselves justified in starting clinical tests of the two acridin derivates on human beings afflicted with typhus. "From April to May 1943, 39 persons, whose spotted fever disease had been ascertained serologically and clinically, came to the clinical st... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 335,250 | 335,750 |
one to two tablets three times a day, possibly from the start of the disease. Patients whose infection could be regarded as rather certain were given Rutenol, respectively Acridin already during the incubation time. If the patient could take it even only to some degree, we continued the treatment beyond ten doses. "Mod... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 335,700 | 336,200 |
the drugs which they were administering to them. We can see from this the complications of Bronchial pneumonia, nephritis, intestinal bleeding, and subcutaneous phlegmons below the larynx. On the next page, that is, Page 27, you see the fifteen so-called typhus patients who were given the drug Acridin, 3582, by mouth; ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 336,150 | 336,650 |
temperature and pulse, we drew up an average fever and pulse curve for each group on top of one another. Application of the photographic shadow method to obtain an average curve was not possible." I omit reading the rest of the document. I don't think it would be useful. We note that this report was concluded on 20 Aug... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 336,600 | 337,100 |
was nominated president. I should further like to draw the attention of the Tribunal to the entry of the 9th of January, 1943; and I quote: "By order of the Surgeon General of the Waffen SS, SS Gruppenfuehrer and Major General of the Waffen SS Dr. Genzken, the hitherto existing Spotted Fever Research Station at the con... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 337,050 | 337,550 |
if this entry then gives the artificial appearance of a diary, and if he then in addition adds the title of "Diary," then the reason can only be an intention of deceit; and if such a deceit was intended and for this purpose, a mock diary was created, then the individual entries in this diary are made in such a manner a... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 337,500 | 338,000 |
18th of March, 1944, the entry appearing under those dates. So quite obviously we just are arguing about something we don't know when we try to conjecture as to when these entries were made. JUDGE SEBRING:Mr. McHaney, do you have in evidence or in the possession of the prosecution other documents signed by Dr. Ding in ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 337,950 | 338,450 |
course it is possible that some of the entries actually are in compliance with the facts; but the fact alone that more than one year has elapsed before the division received their real name and that this wrong name was used in the title, this fact alone shows that it cannot be a diary. It is quite possible and I submit... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 338,400 | 338,900 |
it that the genuiness of these signatures is not contested bu Defense Counsel. Prosecution Exhibit Number284contains in the lower left hand corner the signature of Dr. Ding. Prosecution Exhibit Number 283 contains the signature of Dr. Schuler and I submit that both of these signatures are rather unique. Now we will pas... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 338,850 | 339,350 |
got very serious spotted fever. "1 June 1943: "Charts of case history completed. The experimental series was concluded 21 deaths (8 with Akridin-Granulat) (8 with Rutenol) (5 control) (signed) Dr. Ding SS-Sturmbannfueher" Now I say to the Court that it is absurb to urge that this document is anything in the nature of a... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 339,300 | 339,800 |
Dr. Handloser; states secretary for the department of health of the Reich-SS Gruppenfuehrer Dr. Conti; president Professor Gildemeister of the Robert Koch Institute (Reichs Institution to combat contagious diseases) and SS-Standartenfuehrer and lecturer Dr. Mrugowsky of the Institute of Hygiene Waffen-SS, Berlin. "It h... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 339,750 | 340,250 |
2 deeper cuts in the upper arm. "All of the humans used for this test fell ill with true spotted fever. Incubation period 2 to 6 days. "20 Jan. 42: "Preliminary report of reactions of vaccinations. Through continually produced blood counts a strong neutrophile Linksverschiebung Stabkernige was discovered. "2 Feb. 42: "... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 340,200 | 340,700 |
44 and 49)." So we find that the Defendant Rose visited Buchenwald with his friend and superior, Prof. Gildemeister and watched these experiments, which included the injections on the concentration camp inmates. We also see from this entry that the defendant Hoven took over for the first time in the experimental statio... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 340,650 | 341,150 |
Paris immediately after production." "20 November 1942: "Artificial infection with Huehner idettersackmaterial" (and they give the name of the virus) "from the Robert Koch Institute of the 20 persons vaccinated for immunization and of 6 control persons. This research series was observed for six weeks and then abandoned... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 341,100 | 341,600 |
Major General (Generalleutnant) of the Waffen SS, Dr. GENZKEN, the hitherto existing spotted fever research station at the concentration camp Buchenwald becomes the "'Department for spotted fever and virus research' "The head of the department will be SS-Sturmbannfuehrer Dr. DING. During his absence, the station medica... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 341,550 | 342,050 |
list of tested OP numbers which we need not read. "3 February 1943: Sterility experiment with an egg vaccine. A package was sent with a small bottle of 20 ccm spotted fever vaccine from egg yellow cultures. Op No 35 from 1t October 42. A second injection on 8 December 42, a third injection on 13 December 42 of a spotte... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 342,000 | 342,500 |
April 43: Experimental series abandoned. "8 March 43: Examination of the water and inspection of the concentration camp Vught near Herzegenbusch. "8 March 43 to 1- Marcl 43: Inspection of billets in Apeldoern-Arnheim and vicinity. Advice of chief surgeon of the commander of the Netherlands in respect to a Diphtheria-ep... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 342,450 | 342,950 |
hospital cases. The surest means of infection to produce spotted fever in humans is therefore the intra veneous injection of 2 ccm spotted fever whole blood." I think by reading this portion of the Ding Diary the Court has gotten a pretty good picture of how these experiments were conducted at Buchenwald, and the death... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 342,900 | 343,400 |
Prince Coburg, the work you did there, and will you also tell the Tribunal about any previous arrests to which you have been subjected? AI was administrator of the property of thisAustrian-Hungarian Prince Coburg, and as such, I repeatedly had business in Germany. We had considerable blocked accounts in Germany. I was ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 343,350 | 343,850 |
were your duties as clerk to Schuler-Ding? AI was in charge of all his correspondence. I had to take all the dictation from Dr. Ding, I had to take care of the files, and I had to pass his orders. QNow, were you working in Block 46 or Block 50? AIn Block 50. QNow, will you explain to the Tribunal just what work Ding-Sc... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 343,800 | 344,300 |
are one and the same person? A.Dr. Ding is identical with Schuler. From the Spring or Summer of 1944 on he generally used the double name Ding-Schuler, outwardly only the name Schuler. Mrugowsky, however, wished him to use the name Ding with the name Schuler, or to call himself Schuler, too, because there was another S... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 344,250 | 344,750 |
Institute at Leipzig under Poppendick? A.Yes. There was also correspondence between the firm Mauthausen & Company in Dresden/Raterpoll, the experimental section 5 in Leipzig. This correspondence was in part through Poppendick in Berlin and part through Obersturmbannfuehrer Dr. Kirchert in Leipzig. This concerned experi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 344,700 | 345,200 |
course of two and a half years I was able do learn a minimum-- to acquire a minimum of medical knowledge by virtue of which I was able to understand the things that happened in Block 46. Q.Now, Mr. Kogon, did yon ever write any reports for Ding on the experiments in Block 46? A.Yes. QNow, Mr. Kogon, did you ever write ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 345,150 | 345,650 |
of some of the things that occurred at Buchenwald, I would like to ask you to tell the Tribunal briefly what types of experiments on the concentration camp inmates took place or were carried out at Buchenwald while you were there? AThe main experiments in the concentration camp Buchenwald concerned typhus, the so-calle... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 345,600 | 346,100 |
should appoint his own people for the experiments. SS Gruppenfuehrer Nebe of the Reich Criminal Police Office in Berlin then, according to a directive from Himmler, which I saw, ordered that only those people were to be used who had at least a ten years sentence to work out. Then, the officials of the Reich Criminal po... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 346,050 | 346,550 |
have handed to you, DocumentNO-265, which has been admitted as Prosecution Exhibit 237. (Document handed to witness). AIt is the original diary which was kept in Block 46. QDid you ever have control of that book yourself? AIn a limited way. The diary was kept in Block 46 by the head clerk there under the instructions o... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 346,500 | 347,000 |
At least at that time it was used to prepare photostatic copies. It may be that it was given back to me once more and that I gave it to one of the many American officers again later. I must say in that connection that during this one and three-quarters years I was extremely busy and was concerned with a great number of... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 346,950 | 347,450 |
will you ascertain if the defendants are all present in the court. THE MARSHAL:May it please Your Honors, the defendants are all present in the courtroom. THE PRESIDENT:The Secretary-General will note on the minutes the defendants are all present in the court. DR. EUGEN KOGON Resumed DIRECT EXAMINATION (continued) THE ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 347,400 | 347,900 |
a cubic centimeter of typhus containing fresh blood was usually enough if it was injected into the the veins to produce typhus to a very high degree. In the course of years the typhus cultures which were used at Buchenwald had been cultivated from man to man and they had increased their strength, their virility to a ve... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 347,850 | 348,350 |
the thigh of the experimental persons and a number of persons, the number of whom I do not know, was infected. Some of our comrades were allowing a few lice to escape in a room of Block 46 but they did keep these lice under control and they reported to the Capo that Fleckfieber, typhus carrying lice, had escaped from t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 348,300 | 348,800 |
and nitro acridine was experimented with. Furthermore, there came from the State Institute at Copenhagen a vaccine that was made from the liver of mice, and there was an Italian vaccine made from the lungs of mice, and lastly a vaccine made from the lungs of dogs, according to the Cantacucene system developed at Buchar... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 348,750 | 349,250 |
of which they expected they would have some frightful form of death in store for them. The infection was so thorough that there was always the most horrible form of typhus, and it happened quite often there were frightful scenes which the Capo Arthur Dietsch would keep down with iron discipline, because the patients we... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 349,200 | 349,700 |
the SS was SS-Oberfuehrer Professor Doctor Mrugowsky. Q You said the original of these reports together with copies; did Ding attach distribution lists to the copies noting to whom they should be sent? A In practice, this changed. At the beginning of my activities as Dr. Ding-Schuler's clerk, he took these reports to B... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 349,650 | 350,150 |
examined in Block 36. Q Witness, I think we will hold the explanation of the blood plasma experiments until a little later on in the examination. Right now, I would like to go back again to this meeting of the Military Medical Academy at which said Dr. Ding made a report on the typhus experiments. I will ask you if Dr.... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 350,100 | 350,600 |
the human point of view. Q Now, Witness, I am going to ask you if anything happened after this meeting which made you change your mind about the humanitarian motives of Professor Rose on the occasion of his speech? A Approximately one year later or maybe nine months later, Dr. Ding was showing no triumphantly an order ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 350,550 | 351,050 |
perfectly possible that the defense counsel may have read it. Q.Now, in connection with the typhus experiments in Block 46, I wish that you would tell the Tribunal what connection the defendant Hoven had with these experiments? A.As I already mentioned yesterday, Dr. Hoven was Dr. Ding's deputy. Dr. Ding was absent fro... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 351,000 | 351,500 |
Institute; Prof. Dr. Etienne Suare; Prof. Dr. Waitz, of the University of Strassburg; Prof. von Linzen, Amsterdam; and Dr. Marianne Viopilowski of Karlsruhe. Q.Now, to go back to the typhus experiments; can you tell the Tribunal approximately the total number of inmates experimented on with typhus? A. The total number ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 351,450 | 351,950 |
50 and our entire attention at that time was directed to the typhus experiments in Block 46. Q.Can you state whether or not any experimental subjects died as a result of any of these other disease experiments, that is, ether than typhus? A.A number of persons, a comparatively small number, died as a result of other exp... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 351,900 | 352,400 |
and later commandant of Lublin, concentration camp in Poland, SS Handartenfuehrer Koch. It was reaching its climax. The investigation had lead to very serious charges against Koch, unless the remark that SS Obcrgruppenfuehrer Waldeck, then head of the SS Oberabschnitt Fulda--Werra, was personally combatting Koch, and t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 352,350 | 352,850 |
get my advice. He realized quite clearly that the cause of National Socialism was lost. He was only looking for safety. He said, "Kogen, do you see any way to get me out of this business? I am supposed to test a poison here on Russian prisoners of war. I must report on it immediately. It is a direct order from Mrugowsk... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 352,800 | 353,300 |
Ding's presence. Prisoners must have been shot with prisoned bullets there because Ding said that a Russian prisoner of war had succeeded in having a knife, I think it wasr, and attacking Mrugowsky, but that the prisoner had been subdued immediately. In any case Ding did not want to have anything more to do with the ma... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 353,250 | 353,750 |
serious burns developed which were still observed for two weeks afterwards. The experiment was conducted by the Special Section 5 at Leipzig, and photographs were taken of the wounds. And previously experi meats on animals had been carried out in Block 40 on rabbits. These experiments were conducted in the same manner,... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 353,700 | 354,200 |
could be avoided, and in Block 50 which was completely different from Block 46 it was to be avoided that the persons were handcuffed, as was the common practice in Block 46. The persons were thus, at least, in the first experiment, but I have only seen the persons. I have not personally witnessed the experiments, and I... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 354,150 | 354,650 |
of time. If I remember correctly until the first month of the year 1945. And, the report about the feasibility of this blood plasma was regularly sent to Berlin to Dr. Mrugowsky with a carbon copy for the Academy. QCan you say whether any of the persons who were subjected to this old blood plasma transfusions suffered ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 354,600 | 355,100 |
in to this serum, and which was taken from these patients This was kept in Block 46 and then it was sent to Block 50, and whenever a courier arrived from Berlin it was dispatched from Block 50. QDo you know whether any of these convalescence patients died as a result of taking too much blood for the purpose of making i... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 355,050 | 355,550 |
special barracks for the invalids which was filled primarily by Frenchmen. Around this time the little camp was almost exclusively occupied by Frenchmen. The people were told that they would be given special food if they declared themselves ready to offer their blood. In the little camp rigorous starvation was prevaili... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 355,500 | 356,000 |
was a guest there. In Block 50 this order was again forgotten; and the people were given what had became common practice in the concentration camp, which in many instances depended on the temperament of the men who had the authority there. Q.Do you know under whose orders Dr. Ellenbeck took this blood? A.It was under t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 355,950 | 356,450 |
at this time. From time to time Varnet came to Buchenwald; and the rest of the time as far as I know he worked with the experimental Section 5 at Leipzig where Poppendick had authority. There the experiments themselves had the aim through the transplantation of glands to cause a change in homesexuals and to cause a com... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 356,400 | 356,900 |
research with SS, particularly the development of the artificial gland. The Reichsfuehrer SS anticipates certain results from the treatment of homosexuals with Varnet's artificial gland. The technical preparations have came to such a point that experiments on human beings can be started within a reasonable space of tim... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 356,850 | 357,350 |
campaign in 1940, and at that time he was the personal adjutant of the SS Divisional Medical Office, Genzken. Genzken had a special weakness form Ding and he was protecting him. Until the spring of 1943 Genzken worked in the Medical Office of the Waffen SS and he was the man in charge there, and Mrugowsky who had the o... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 357,300 | 357,800 |
by order of the Reichphysician Dr. Grawitz; then it must have taken place toward the end of 1944. QCan you state that Genzken was informed of what was going on in Block 46 in the Buchenwald Concentration Camp prior to August, 1943? AThat is a conclusion which results in the actual fact. Until approximately April or Jun... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 357,750 | 358,250 |
discovered later he had made his medical examination at a very late time and under quite peculiar circumstances which did not call for a very deep knowledge of medical matters. For example, if I am informed correctly, or if I am completely informed on this point, he has never personally performed any operations. Dr. Ho... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 358,200 | 358,700 |
one-thirty. (A recess was taken until 1330 hours.) AFTERNOON SESSION (The hearing reconvened at 133O hours, 7 January 1947) EUGEN H0GON - Resumed DIRECT-EXAMINATION (Continued) BY MR. McHANEY: Q.Mr. Hogon, before the recess, you were relating to the Tribunal cert in facts, which you know about the defendant Hoven. I wi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 358,650 | 359,150 |
after four years, from 1937 to 1941, it was possible to force the "greens" back completely and to make them a sort of pariah class in the camp. These four years of conflict was met by numerous murders on both sides. If one of the two classes, the "greens" or the "reds", were able to win over an SS doctor for this fignt... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 359,100 | 359,600 |
administration received detailed knowledge from the office, which they immediately checked with what the command runners had reported from the interrogation of the new arrivals from the political section. The prisoners hospital was more the executive center of the illegal camp administration, and the means were availab... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 359,550 | 360,050 |
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