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the churches. This (influence) must be broken completely and finally. "Only the Reich government and by its direction the party, its components and attached units have a right to leadership of the people. Just as the deleterious influences of astrologers, seers and other fakers are eliminated and suppressed by the stat... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 7,650 | 8,150 |
* * *" (848-PS). Later, defendant Rosenberg Wrote to Bormann reviewing the proposal of Kerrl as Church Minister to place the Protestant Church under State tutelage and proclaim Hitler its Supreme head. Rosenberg was opposed, hinting that Naziism was to suppress the Christian Church completely after the war (see 098-PS)... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 8,100 | 8,600 |
regrettable crimes and convulsions. It is my purpose to show a plan and design, to which all Nazis were fanatically committed, to annihilate all Jewish people. These crimes were organized and promoted by the Party Leadership, executed and protected by the Nazi officials, as we shall convince you by written orders of th... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 8,550 | 9,050 |
have perished. 5,700,000 Jews are missing from the countries in which they formerly lived, and over 4,500,000 cannot be accounted for by the normal death rate nor by immigration; nor are they included among displaced persons. History does not record a crime ever perpetrated against so many victims or one ever carried o... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 9,000 | 9,500 |
are a race which has to be eliminated; whenever we catch one, it is his end." (Frank Diary, 4 March 1944, p. 26). And earlier, speaking of his function as Governor General of Poland, he confided to his diary this sentiment: "Of course I cannot eliminate all lice and Jews in only a year's time." (2233-C-PS) I could mult... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 9,450 | 9,950 |
commissariat, so that the moving of property will quickly cease. "Any cultural activity will be completely forbidden, to the Jew. This includes the outlawing of the Jewish press, the Jewish theatres and schools. "The slaughtering of animals according to Jewish rites is also to be prohibited * * *" (212-PS). The anti-Je... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 9,900 | 10,400 |
several synagogues or destroyed them by other means and burned down a Jewish dwelling district consisting of about 60 houses. During the following nights about 2,300 Jews were made harmless in a similar way. In other parts of Lithuania similar actions followed the example of Kowno, though smaller and extending to the C... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 10,350 | 10,850 |
extermination in Germany; always it contemplated extinguishing the Jew in Europe and often in the world. In the west, the Jews were killed and their property taken over. But the campaign achieved its zenith of savagery in the East. The Eastern Jew has suffered as no people ever suffered. Their sufferings were carefully... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 10,800 | 11,300 |
the factories and shops and deported in spite of our agreement. It is true that part of the Jews was moved by way of the ghetto where many of them were processed and still segregated by me, but a large part was loaded directly on trucks and liquidated without further delay outside of the town. * * * For the rest, as re... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 11,250 | 11,750 |
east of the Djnepr, the Jewish problem was "solved" by the liquidation of 4,891 Jews and by putting the remainder into labor battalions of up to 1,000 persons (R-102). Other accounts tell not of the slaughter so much as of the depths of degradation to which the tormentors stooped. For example, we will show the reports ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 11,700 | 12,200 |
bandits could only be suppressed by energetic actions of our troops day and night. The Reichsfuehrer SS ordered, therefore on 23 April 1943 the cleaning out of the ghetto with utter ruthlessness and merciless tenacity. I, therefore, decided to destroy and burn down the entire ghetto without regard to the armament facto... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 12,150 | 12,650 |
few oppressions or cruelties would warrant the intervention of foreign powers. But the German mistreatment of Germans is now known to pass in magnitude and savagery any limits of what is tolerable by modern civilization. Other nations, by silence, would take a consenting part in such crimes. These Nazi persecutions, mo... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 12,600 | 13,100 |
describes how the family of one victim received two urns of ashes by mistake. Inmates were compelled to execute each other. In 1942, they were paid five Reichsmarks per execution, but on June 27, 1942, SS General Gluecks ordered commandants of all concentration camps to reduce this honorarium to three cigarettes. In 19... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 13,050 | 13,550 |
were shot with poison bullets, to study the effects (L-103). Then, to cruel experiments the Nazi added obscene ones. These were not the work of underling degenerates but of master minds high in the Nazi conspiracy. In May 20, 1942, General Field Marshal Milch authorized SS General Wolff to go ahead at Dachau Camp with ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 13,500 | 14,000 |
it was manifest in only such events as the abortive effort to assassinate Hitler on July 20, 1944. With resistance driven underground, the Nazi had the German State in his own hands. But the Nazis not only silenced discordant voices. They created positive controls as effective as their negative ones. Propaganda organs,... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 13,950 | 14,450 |
armed forces, and a law was enacted annexing Austria to Germany. Threats of aggression had succeeded without arousing resistance. Fears nevertheless had been stirred. They were lulled by an assurance to the Czechoslovak Government that there would be no attack on that country. We will show that the Nazi Government alre... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 14,400 | 14,900 |
no "'state of war' will be publicly declared even if open war measures against the foreign enemy will be taken." This latter order (1639-A-PS) is in our possession despite a secret order issued on March 16, 1945, when Allied troops were advancing into the heart of Germany, to burn these plans. We have also Hitler's dir... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 14,850 | 15,350 |
the minutes of Hitler's meeting with his high advisers. As early as November 5, 1937, Hitler told defendants Goering, Raeder, and Neurath, among others, that German rearmament was practically accomplished and that he had decided to secure by force, starting with a lightning attack on Czechoslovakia and Austria, greater... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 15,300 | 15,800 |
non-aggression pact with Soviet Russia. It was only a delaying treaty intended to be kept no longer than necessary to prepare for its violation. On June 22, 1941, pursuant to long matured plans, the Nazis hurled troops into Soviet territory without any declaration of war. The entire European world was aflame. CONSPIRAC... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 15,750 | 16,250 |
at present occupied with the question of the occupation of the atlantic islands with a view to the prosecution of war against America at a later date. Deliberations on this subject are being embarked upon here." (376-PS). On December 7, 1941, a day which the late President Roosevelt declared "will live in infamy," vict... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 16,200 | 16,700 |
"to be slaughtered to the last man" after capture (498-PS). We will show the circulation of secret orders, one of which was signed by Hess, to be passed orally to civilians, that enemy fliers or parachutists were to be arrested or liquidated (062-PS). By such means were murders incited and directed. This Nazi campaign ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 16,650 | 17,150 |
reaching of a certain geographical line." (1014-PS). The project of deporting promising youth from occupied territories was approved by Rosenberg on the theory that "a desired weakening of the biological force of the conquered people is being achieved." (031-PS). To Germanize or to destroy was the program. Himmler anno... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 17,100 | 17,600 |
sent 1,300,000 Polish workers into the Reich." The defendant Sauckel reported that "out of the five million foreign workers who arrived in Germany not even 200,000 came voluntarily." This fact was reported to the Fuehrer and defendants Speer, Goering, and Keitel (R-124). Children of 10 to 14 years were impressed into s... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 17,550 | 18,050 |
armistice had burdened France to that date to the extent of 18½ billion Reichsmarks, equalling 370 billion Francs. It pointed out that the burden of these payments within two and a half years equalled the aggregate French national income in the year 1940, and that the amount of payments handed over to Germany in the f... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 18,000 | 18,500 |
of a systematic plundering of the art objects of Europe by direct order of Hitler dated 29 January 1940 (136-PS). On the 16th of April, 1943 Rosenberg reported that up to the 7th of April, 92 railway cars with 2,775 cases containing art objects had been sent to Germany; and that 53 pieces of art had been shipped to Hit... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 18,450 | 18,950 |
they are survivors among the most responsible. Their names appear over and over in the documents and their faces grace the photographic evidence. We have here the surviving top politicians, militarists, financiers, diplomats, administrators, and propagandists of the Nazi movement. Who was responsible for these crimes i... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 18,900 | 19,400 |
contribute to the expedition and clarity of this trial if I expound briefly the application of the legal philosophy of the Charter to the facts I have recited. While this declaration of the law by the Charter is final, it may be contended that the prisoners on trial are entitled to have it applied to their conduct only... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 19,350 | 19,850 |
the Indictment is based on the definition of war crimes contained in the Charter. I have outlined to you the systematic course of conduct toward civilian populations and combat forces which violates international conventions to which Germany was a party. Of the criminal nature of these acts at least, the defendants had... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 19,800 | 20,300 |
make the conduct of war more civilized. The effort was to set legal limits to the violence that could be done to civilian populations and to combatants as well. The common sense of men after the First World War demanded, however, that the law's condemnation of war reach deeper, and that the law condemn not merely unciv... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 20,250 | 20,750 |
the Weimar Constitution provided that "The generally accepted rules of international law are to be considered as binding integral parts of the law of the German Reich." (2050-PS). Can there be any doubt that the outlawry of aggressive war was one of the "generally accepted rules of international law" in 1939? Any resor... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 20,700 | 21,200 |
that when the law evolves by the case method, as did the Common Law and as International Law must do if it is to advance at all, it advances at the expense of those who wrongly guessed the law and learned too late their error. the law, so far as International Law can be decreed, had been clearly pronounced when these a... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 21,150 | 21,650 |
by its land, naval, or air forces, with or without a declaration of war, on the territory, vessels, or aircraft of another State; (4) Provision of support to armed bands formed in the territory of another State, or refusal, notwithstanding the request of the invaded State, to take in its own territory, all the measures... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 21,600 | 22,100 |
be that the Germany of the 1920's and 1930's faced desperate problems, problems that would have warranted the boldest measures short of war. All other methods-persuasion, propaganda, economic competition, diplomacy-were open to an aggrieved country, but aggressive warfare was out-lawed. These defendants did make aggres... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 22,050 | 22,550 |
Modern civilization puts unlimited weapons of destruction in the hands of men. It cannot tolerate so vast an area of legal irresponsibility. Even the German Military Code provides that: "If the execution of a military order in the course of duty violates the criminal law, then the superior officer giving the order will... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 22,500 | 23,000 |
membership in all these militarized formations was voluntary. The police organizations were recruited from ardent partisans who enlisted blindly to do the dirty work the leaders planned. The Reich Cabinet was the governmental facade for Nazi Party Government and in its members legal as well as actual responsibility was... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 22,950 | 23,450 |
judgment. The tasks of all of us are such as to make heavy demands on patience and good will. Although the need for prompt action has admittedly resulted in imperfect work on the part of the prosecution, four great nations bring you their hurriedly assembled contributions of evidence. What remains undiscovered we can o... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 23,400 | 23,900 |
a peace and plenty economy, as well as the hopes of other nations, can never be fulfilled if those nations are involved in a war every generation so vast and devastating as to crush the generation that fights and burden the generation that follows. But experience has shown that wars are no longer local. All modern wars... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 23,850 | 24,350 |
impersonal forces whose conflict makes up much of human history. It is yours to throw the strength of the law back of either the one or the other of these forces for at least another generation. What are the real forces that are contending before you? No charity can disguise the fact that the forces which these defenda... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 24,300 | 24,800 |
by no man's leave, underneath the law." [In most instances, documents referred to or quoted from have been cited by number, even though some of them have not been introduced in evidence as part of the American case. Where they were not offered as evidence it was chiefly for the reason that documents subsequently discov... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter V - Opening Statement for the United States | 24,750 | 25,040 |
Avalon Home Document Collections Ancient 4000bce - 399 Medieval 400 - 1399 15 th Century 1400 - 1499 16 th Century 1500 - 1599 17 th Century 1600 - 1699 18 th Century 1700 - 1799 19 th Century 1800 - 1899 20 th Century 1900 - 1999 21 st Century 2000 - Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume 1 Chapter VI Chapter V Content... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VI - Organization of the Party and State | 0 | 500 |
charge at least one office within the Party Directorate, were also the heads of party formations and of affiliated or supervised organizations of the party, or of agencies of the state, or even held ministerial positions. The Reichsleitung may be said to have represented the horizontal organization of the party accordi... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VI - Organization of the Party and State | 450 | 950 |
Gau. c. Ortsgruppenleiter, the political leaders of the largest subdivision of a Kreis consisting of several towns or villages, or of a part of a larger city, and including from 1500 to 3000 households. d. Zellenleiter, the political leaders of a group of from 4 to 8 city blocks or of a corresponding grouping of househ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VI - Organization of the Party and State | 900 | 1,400 |
(NS-Fliegerkorps), which was subordinate to the Reich Minister for Aviation. 2. THE GOVERNMENT OF THE THIRD REICH The prosecution has prepared another chart (Chart No.18) delineating substantially the organizational structure of the government of the Third Reich, as it existed in March 1945, and "the chief leadership p... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VI - Organization of the Party and State | 1,350 | 1,850 |
of the concept of the German State," it was not identical with the State. Hence, in order to realize its ideological and political objectives and to reach the German people, the party had to avail itself of official state channels. The Reichsregierung, and the agencies and offices established by it, were the chosen ins... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VI - Organization of the Party and State | 1,800 | 2,300 |
membership. And if Hjalmar Schacht was not already a party member at that time, then he too did not reject membership on 30 January 1937. The chart shows many other instances where party members on the highest as well as on subordinate levels occupied corresponding or other positions in the organization of the state. a... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VI - Organization of the Party and State | 2,250 | 2,750 |
appointed by cabinet members and subordinate to them. 2. To the Plenipotentiary for War Economy (Generalbevollmaechtigter f. d. Kriegswirtschaft), Hjalmar Schacht (and later Walter Funk), who by the Secret Reich Defense Law of May 1935 was authorized to "begin his work already in peacetime." 3. To the plenipotentiary f... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VI - Organization of the Party and State | 2,700 | 3,099 |
Avalon Home Document Collections Ancient 4000bce - 399 Medieval 400 - 1399 15 th Century 1400 - 1499 16 th Century 1500 - 1599 17 th Century 1600 - 1699 18 th Century 1700 - 1799 19 th Century 1800 - 1899 20 th Century 1900 - 1999 21 st Century 2000 - Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume 1 Chapter VII Chapter VI Conte... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 0 | 500 |
Treaty 2. Unification of all Germans 3. land and soil (Grund and Boden) to feed our nation." (2405-PS) On August 1, 1923 Hitler declared: "The day must come when a German government shall summon up the courage to declare to the foreign powers: 'The Treaty of Versailles is founded on a monstrous lies' We fulfill nothing... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 450 | 950 |
and to secure the territory of what today is the Polish-Czech East." (2433-PS) In his Reichstag speech of 20 February 1928 Hitler said: "The claim, therefore, for German colonial possession will be voiced from year to year with increasing vigor, possessions which Germany did not take away from other countries, and whic... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 900 | 1,400 |
he underlined this demand as follows: "The understanding that the German nation, if it is not to perish in the truest sense of the word, needs ground and soil for itself and its future generations, and the second sober perception that this soil can no more be conquered in Africa, but in Europe and first of all in the E... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 1,350 | 1,850 |
to undertake a task half-heartedly or hesitatingly if its execution seems to be feasible only by expending the very last ounce of energy . . . One had to become clear in one's mind that this goal [i.e. acquisition of new territory in Europe] could be achieved by fight alone and then had to face this armed conflict with... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 1,800 | 2,300 |
racial supremacy of the Germanic peoples was fully elucidated in the writings of Rosenberg: "The meaning of world history has radiated out from the north over the whole world, borne by a blue-eyed blond race which in several great waves determined the spiritual face of the world * * * "We stand today before a definitiv... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 2,250 | 2,750 |
right which, as we see it in Nature, can be regarded as the sole conceivable right because founded on reason. The wild mustang does not take upon itself the yoke imposed by man either voluntarily or joyfully; neither does one people welcome the violence of another." (2584-PS) (2) The Fuehrerprinzip (Fuehrer Principle).... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 2,700 | 3,200 |
above all criticism-that is the Fuehrer. "The reason is that everyone feels and knows: he was always right and will always be right. The National Socialism of us all is anchored in the uncritical loyalty, in the devotion to the Fuehrer that does not ask for the wherefore in the individual case, in the tacit performance... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 3,150 | 3,650 |
lays down the same principle with respect to the successive tiers of its leaders: "The fuehrer Principle represented by the Party imposes complete responsibility on all party leaders for their respective spheres of activity * * * The responsibility for all tasks within a major sphere of jurisdiction rests with the resp... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 3,600 | 4,100 |
a state, respectively to destroy such a state if it has already arisen. Take care that the strength of our people should have its foundation not in colonies but in the soil of the home country in Europe. Never consider the Reich as secured as long as it cannot give to every descendant of our people his own bit of soil ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 4,050 | 4,550 |
and defensively the spiritual and political strength of the people." (2426-PS) Nazi interpreters of constitutional law expressed the same idea: "The NSDAP is not a structure which stands under direct state control, to which single tasks of public administration are entrusted by the state, but it holds and maintains its... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 4,500 | 5,000 |
Socialism, published by U. S. Government Printing Office, 1943. .........V417 2772-PSSpeech of Hitler, published in Documents of German Politics, Vol. IV, Part I, p. 37. ..................V417 2773-PSSpeech of Hitler, published in Documents of German Politics, Vol. VII, 1939, pp. 466-7. ............... V417 2774-PSExtr... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 4,950 | 5,450 |
2404-PS) (2) The Nazi Conspirators then set out through the Nazi Party to undermine and capture the German Government by "legal" forms supported by terrorism. (a) In 1925, the conspirators reorganized the Nazi Party and began a campaign to secure support from Germany voters throughout the nation. On 26 February 1925, t... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 5,400 | 5,900 |
and who is not convinced of the necessity for direct action by the unbroken will of the German people to bring about their spiritual and physical liberation. But there is a long road ahead. After the failure of November, 1923, there was no choice but to begin all over again and to strive to bring about a change in the ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 5,850 | 6,350 |
a body in studied contempt of the speaker, or entered in a body to interrupt the speaker, thus making it physically impossible for the Reichstag President to maintain order. In the case of speakers of opposition parties, the Nazi members constantly interrupted, often resorting to lengthy and spurious parliamentary mane... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 6,300 | 6,800 |
was systematically Reorganized and so-called "Centuries" (Hundertschaften) were established * * *" (2168-PS) In March 1923, Goering took command of the entire SA. In November 1923, SA units were used in the Munich Putsch. When the Party was reorganized in 1925, the SA continued to be the fighting organization of the Pa... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 6,750 | 7,250 |
conspirators constantly used physical violence and terror to break up meetings of political opponents, and to suppress opposition in their own meetings. The following facts are indicative of the methods constantly used by the Nazi conspirators during this period: On numerous occasions meetings of the Duetsche Friedensg... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 7,200 | 7,700 |
constantly threatened their opponents with organized reprisals and terror. During the course of the trial of three officers of the Reichswehr for high treason in Leipzig in September 1931, Hitler said: "But I may assure you that if the Nazi movement's struggle is successful, then there will be a Nazi Court of Law too, ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 7,650 | 8,150 |
1932, five National Socialists were condemned to death for a murder in the town of Potempa. Hitler wired to the condemned men: "My Comrades! Faced with this terrible blood sentence, I feel myself bound to you in unlimited faithfulness. Your liberty is from this moment a question of our honor. To fight against a Governm... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 8,100 | 8,600 |
of the Reich President under Article 48 (2) of the Constitution, and which was signed by the Reich President, Hindenburg, the Reich Chancellor, Hitler, the Reich Minister of the Interior, Frick, and the Reich Minister of Justice, Guertner, provided in part: "Sections 114, 115, 117, 118, 123, 124, and 153 of the Constit... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 8,550 | 9,050 |
from participating in the session. In concentration camps they will be re-educated for productive work. We will know how to render harmless permanently sub-humans who do not want to be re-educated." (2651-PS) At a meeting of the Reich Cabinet on 15 March 1933, the problem of securing the necessary two-thirds majority i... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 9,000 | 9,500 |
4. Treaties of the Reich with foreign states which concern matters of national legislation do not require the consent of the bodies participating in legislation. The Reich Cabinet is empowered to issue the necessary provisions for the execution of these treaties. "SECTION 5. This law becomes effective on the day of its... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 9,450 | 9,950 |
in Germany and making it criminal to maintain any other political party or to form a new political party. This law, which was signed by Hitler, Frick, and Guertner, provided in part: "Art. 1 The National Socialist German Worker's Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei) constitutes the only political part... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 9,900 | 10,400 |
or endangering the existence, organization, activity or reputation of the National Socialistic German Labor Party, in particular any infraction against discipline and order, will be regarded as a violation of duty. "Art. 5 Custody and arrest may be inflicted in addition to the usual penalties. "Art. 6 The public author... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 10,350 | 10,850 |
the document was received in evidence at the nurnberg trial. a double asterisk (**) before a document number indicates that the document was referred to during the trial but was not formally received in evidence, for the reason given in parentheses following the description of the document. the usa series number, given... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 10,800 | 11,300 |
his own defense, published in the Hitler Trial (1934). ...............V73 2405-PSExtracts from German Publications. ............................V79 2412-PSExtracts from Nature and Form of National Socialism Pamphlet by Dr. Joseph Goebbels, Berlin, 1935....V88 2500-PS"What do we want in the Reichstag?" one of Goebbels n... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 11,250 | 11,750 |
are introduced by the government of the Reich or by members of the Reichstag. Reich laws shall be enacted by the Reichstag." (2050-PS) In Mein Kampf Hitler stated the conspirators' purpose to undermine the Reichstag: "Our young movement in essence and structure is anti-parliamentarian, I. e., it rejects majority voting... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 11,700 | 12,200 |
subvert the system of popular election: "Majority can never replace men. * * * The political understanding of the masses is not sufficiently developed to produce independently specific political convictions and to select persons to represent them." (2883-PS) The occasional national elections after 1933 were formalities... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 12,150 | 12,650 |
the central government. under the Weimar Constitution of the per-Nazi regime, the states, provinces, and municipalities enjoyed considerable autonomy in the exercise of governmental functions-legislative, executive and judicial. (2050-PS) Hitler, in Mein Kampf, stated the conspirators' purpose to establish totalitarian... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 12,600 | 13,100 |
sovereign powers (Hoheitsrechte) of the Laender are transferred to the Reich. (2) The Laender governments are placed under the Reich government. Article III. The Reich governors are. placed under the administrative supervision of the Reich Minister of Interior. Article IV. The Reich Government may issue new constitutio... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 13,050 | 13,550 |
(Einheitsstaat) would be accomplished. From the early days of his political activity, Adolf Hitler never left a doubt in the mind of anyone that he considered it the first duty of National Socialism to create a German Reich in which the will of the people would be led in a single direction and that the whole strength o... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 13,500 | 14,000 |
8 provides that retirement does not carry a pension unless the official has served at least ten years. The political purge provision of this law is contained in Article 4: "Officials who because of their previous political activity do not offer security that they will exert themselves for the national state without res... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 13,950 | 14,450 |
of the Party, always be in a position to require every German-whether a simple soldier or officer, subordinate or higher official, or judge, supervisory or operating functionary of the Party, laborer or employer-to carry out his duties with all the means available to him and to discharge these duties according to a con... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 14,400 | 14,900 |
People's Court was later established by law in 1936. (2342-PS) These new tribunals were staffed almost exclusively with Nazis and were used to tighten the Party's grip on Germany. This control became progressively stronger, due first, to the power of the prosecutor to pick the appropriate court; second, to the restrict... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 14,850 | 15,350 |
Gauleiter in deciding criminal cases. (2639-PS) Another type of governmental interference in judicial matters is evidenced by the confidential letter which the Ministry of Justice sent in early 1938 to the Chief Justices of the Regional Supreme Courts (Oberlandesgerichtspraesidenten). The judges were instructed to subm... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 15,300 | 15,800 |
spheres of life, the NSDAP, after assuming power, set up under its leadership the new Party formations and affiliated organizations." (2383-PS) H. The Nazi conspirators created a dual system of government controls, set up Party agencies to correspond with State agencies, and coordinated their activities, often by uniti... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 15,750 | 16,250 |
Directorate where the strings of the organization of the German people and the State meet. By endowment of the Chief of the Party Chancellery with the powers of a Reich Minister, and by special administrative directives, the penetration of the State apparatus with the political will of the Party is guaranteed. It is th... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 16,200 | 16,700 |
against merchant and SA leader and 22 companions because of inflicting bodily injury on duty. (USA 732) .........................III559 *785-PSMemorandum of Guertner concerning legal proceedings against the camp personnel of concentration camp Hohnstein. (USA 733) .........................III564 *786-PSMinister of Just... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 16,650 | 17,150 |
1189 .........................IV661 2050-PSThe Constitution of the German Reich, 11 August 1919. 1919 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I,p.1383 .........................IV662 2065-PSDecree concerning the extension of the Jurisdiction of Special Courts, 20 November 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 1632 ..................... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 17,100 | 17,600 |
I, p. 89 ......................... V358 2755-PSResolution of the Greater German Reichstag, 26 April 1942. 1942 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 247 .........................V393 2787-PSExcerpt from Order of the Deputy of the Fuehrer .........................V420 2867-PSThird Decree relating to Implementation of Law for re... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 17,550 | 18,050 |
exterminated. In this duty we are agreed to spare neither our own blood nor the blood of anyone else when it is required by our country." (2543-PS) Raymond H. Geist, former American Counsel and First Secretary of the Embassy in Berlin, Germany 1929-1939, has stated: "Immediately in 1933, the concentration camps were es... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 18,000 | 18,500 |
the same time exterminated because they had maltreated concentration camp inmates." (2572-PS) In this same speech, Hitler proudly boasted that he gave the order to shoot the principal traitors and that he had prosecuted thousands of his former enemies on account of their corruption. He justified this action by saying, ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 18,450 | 18,950 |
1934, the organization was elevated to the standing of an independent organization within the NSDAP. (1857-PS) B. The Nazi conspirators used the legislative and judicial powers of the German Reich to terrorize all political opponents. (1) They created a great number of new political crimes. The decree of 28 February 19... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 18,900 | 19,400 |
the district attorney's office * * *. "The district and local leaderships are to be notified accordingly. However, if it should be decided from wherein this or that punishable case, that the miscreant is to be given a simple or strong reprimand by the court, I shall give the directive for the future, that the Districts... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 19,350 | 19,850 |
of the criminal law as it affected the general population of Germany, the Nazi conspirators adopted and endorsed a large body of unwritten laws exempting the police from criminal liability for illegal acts done under higher authority. This principle was described by Dr. Werner Best, outstanding Nazi lawyer, in the foll... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 19,800 | 20,300 |
of freedom which is covered in the form of protective custody. * * * While protective arrests of short duration are carried out in police and court prisons, the concentration camps under the Secret State Police admit those taken into protective custody who have to be withdrawn from public life for a longer time." (1956... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 20,250 | 20,750 |
who had served a sentence there; consequently the fear of such camps was a very effective brake on any possible opposition." (1759-PS) The Nazi Conspirators confined, under the guise of "protective custody" Reichstag members, Social Democrats, Communists, and other opponents or suspected opponents. (2544-PS; L-73; L-83... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 20,700 | 21,200 |
following the description of the document. The USA series number, given in parentheses following the description of the document, is the official exhibit number assigned by the court. *784-PSLetters from Minister of Justice to Hess and SA Chief of Staff, 5 June 1935, Concerning penal proceedings against merchant and SA... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 21,150 | 21,650 |
published in Voelkischer Beobachter, Berlin edition, 23-24 July 1933, p. 1....V236 2496-PSExtract from Goering's address to Public Prosecutors of Prussia on 12 July 1934 from the Archive, 1934, Vols. IV-VI, p. 495....V236 *2499-PSOriginal Protective Custody Order served on Dr. R. Kempner. 15 March 1935. (USA 232)....V2... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 21,600 | 22,100 |
organizations of the Christian Trade Unions, and all other unions at the end of 1931 (the last year for which the official government yearbook gives statistics) was as follows (2411-PS): Union GroupNumber of membersPercentage of total Free Trade Unions.......4,569,87665.9 Christian Trade Unions.......1,283,27218.5 Othe... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 22,050 | 22,550 |
taken on 2 May 1933 against the General German Trade Union Federation (ADGB) and the General Independent Employees Federation (AFA), the so-called "Free Trade Unions" (392-PS). This directive created a special "Action Committee" to direct the entire action and declared that the supporters of the action were to be drawn... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 22,500 | 23,000 |
May 1933 directed that the SA and SS were to be used to occupy the branches and paying offices of the Bank for Workers, Employees and Officials and appointed a Nazi commissar, Mueller, for the bank's subsequent direction. The stock of this bank was held entirely by the General German Trade Union Association and its aff... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 22,950 | 23,450 |
the suppressed trade union. It was an affiliated organization of the NSDAP, subject to the Leadership Principle; Ley was concurrently Reich Organization Leader (Reichsorganisationsleiter) and leader of the German Labor Front (1814-PS). The National Socialist Factory Cells Organization or NSBO contained the political le... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 23,400 | 23,900 |
renunciations in social conditions because all the nation's strength had been channeled into armaments (Wehrhaftigkeit) for "the anticipated clash with an envious surrounding world" (2276-PS). Addressing workers five days after the launching of war on Poland, Ley admitted that the Nazis had mobilized all the resources ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol1): Chapter VII - Means Used by the Nazi Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State | 23,850 | 24,350 |
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