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Enhancing the resistance of pathogens against standard antimicrobial treatments causes to increase morbidity and mortality in a worldwide.Many important pathogens show resistant to clinically important classes of antibacterial agents.Therefore, designing new compounds such as Ionic liquids which show antibacterial acti... | A series of imidazolium bromide salts (NIM-Br 1a, 1b and 1c) bearing different lengths of alkyl chains were synthesized and theirin vitro antibacterial activities were determined by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Entero... |
converted to acetate during the fermentation process.Similar to the spectra of samples taken from the MEC using raw urine, the acetate peak decrease over time evidencing its consumption.Furthermore, and contrary to the raw urine, propionate was identified in the fermented urine demonstrating the success of the fermenta... | This study investigated the effect of pre-fermented urine on anode performance of a two-chambered microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) compared to raw urine.Pre-fermentation of urine was performed by anaerobic digestion.The effect of this pre-fermentation on anode performance of a MEC was assessed by measuring the remov... |
Learning representations of data is an important issue in machine learning.Though GAN has led to significant improvements in the data representations, it still has several problems such as unstable training, hidden manifold of data, and huge computational overhead.GAN tends to produce the data simply without any inform... | We propose a generative model that not only produces data with desired features from the pre-defined latent space but also fully understands the features of the data to create characteristics that are not in the dataset. |
not be proven.Since E2 can challenge the masculinisation response to temperature changes, statistical analysis of intersex induction and severity was rerun with female histopathology considered as an experimental response, with an intersex index of seven.However, the results were still no different from the original an... | Sexual disruption in wild fish has been linked to the contamination of river systems with steroid oestrogens, including the pharmaceutical 17α-ethinylestradiol, originating from domestic wastewaters.As analytical chemistry has advanced, more compounds derived from the human use of pharmaceuticals have been identified i... |
dramatic changes are seen in La3Ni2-xCuxNbO9.La3Ni2NbO9 is a spin glass with Tg ∼29 K.The introduction of 12.5% Cu2+ causes the onset of long-range G-type magnetic ordering and increases the magnetic transition temperature to 96 K.In order to eliminate the spin-glass behaviour it is necessary to eliminate or reduce the... | La3Ni2-xCuxB'O9 (x = 0.25; B’ = Sb, Ta, Nb: x = 0.5; B’ = Nb)have been synthesized and characterised by transmission electron microscopy, neutron diffraction and magnetometry.Each adopts a perovskite-like structure (space group P21/n)with two crystallographically-distinct six-coordinate sites, one occupied by a disorde... |
inequalities in smoking are partly due to more smoking in higher socioeconomic groups than seen in other European countries, as a result of a delayed smoking epidemic.Although smaller inequalities in mortality in these countries thus seem to be a historical coincidence rather than the outcome of deliberate policies, th... | The magnitude of socioeconomic inequalities in mortality differs importantly between countries, but these variations have not been satisfactorily explained.We explored the role of behavioral and structural determinants of these variations, by using a dataset covering 17 European countries in the period 1970–2010, and b... |
The emergence of language in multi-agent settings is a promising research direction to ground natural language in simulated agents.If AI would be able to understand the meaning of language through its using it, it could also transfer it to other situations flexibly.That is seen as an important step towards achieving ge... | An auxiliary prediction task can speed up learning in language emergence setups. |
256 × 256, and the FoV was 256 mm.The set consisted of 160 contiguous sagittal images covering the whole brain.The ALE results showed that chronic pain is associated with a common core set of gray matter decreases in the bilateral medial frontal gyri, bilateral superior frontal gyri, right pre- and post-central gyri, b... | Representational similarity techniques, network decomposition and model-based clustering were employed: i) to verify the presence of a core set of brain areas commonly modified by chronic pain; ii) to investigate the involvement of these areas in a large-scale network perspective; iii) to study the relationship between... |
Calcium is a ubiquitous signaling molecule and acts in several physiological processes from mammalian cells to parasites.To monitor the calcium fluctuations in Plasmodium falciparum invasive loading protocols are used and do not allow discrimination of signals from the host cell and intracellular parasites.Generation o... | Calcium (Ca2+) signaling pathways are vital for all eukaryotic cells.It is well established that changes in Ca2+ concentration can modulate several physiological processes such as muscle contraction, neurotransmitter secretion and metabolic regulation (Giacomello et al.(2007) [1], Rizzuto and Pozzan (2003) [2]).In the ... |
Apoptosis is a highly organized pathway, an essential process for maintaining the physiological balance between death and cell growth.Disruption of this process is involved in many pathological conditions such as Alzheimer disease, ischemia and autoimmune disorders.However, this process is needed for embryonic developm... | This assay uses Apaf-1 tagged with either N-terminal fragment or C-terminal fragment of P. pyralis luciferase.In cell based-system, the apoptosome formation is induced inside the cells which express Apaf-1 tagged with complementary fragments of luciferase while in cell-free system, the apoptosome formation is induced i... |
be noted, upon addition of cytochrome c and dATP, the monomers of N-luc and C-luc full length Apaf-1 shift to fraction with higher molecular weight fractions which indicated apoptosome formation, as reported earlier .While immunoblotting of truncated Apaf-1 indicates its oligomerization is independent of cytochrome c a... | Apaf-1 is a cytosolic multi-domain protein in the apoptosis regulatory network.When cytochrome c releases from mitochondria; it binds to WD-40 repeats of Apaf-1 molecule and induces oligomerization of Apaf-1.In cell-free system, cytochrome c dependent luciferase activity was observed with full length Apaf-1.The truncat... |
licensed purchase websites would have been 2% lower in the absence of unlicensed downloading websites.Specific country estimate show that for Spain and Italy the elasticity is zero, while it is close to 0.04 for France and Germany and close to 0.03 for the UK.We also find evidence of heterogeneity in these effects acco... | We use clickstream data on a panel of more than 16,500 European consumers to analyze the relationship between different online music consumption channels.In particular, we revisit the question of sales displacement in the digital era, and analyze how licensed online music streaming affects digital music purchasing beha... |
RNA interference is a post-transcriptional inhibition of gene expression by a homology-dependent mRNA degradation mechanism evolved in many eukaryotes as a defence barrier against exogenous genetic materials such as transposons and viral genomes .RNAi utilises short, double-stranded RNAs termed small interfering RNAs t... | The exploitation of this pathway to block the expression of specific gene targets holds considerable promise for the development of novel RNAi-based insect management strategies.In addition, there are a wide number of future potential applications of RNAi to control agricultural insect pests as well as its use for prev... |
in either the sense or antisense strands.However a number of monoisotopic masses were identified that correspond to unique oligoribonucleotides including the oligoriobonucleotides AAGAUp and GAAGGUp in the sense and antisense strands respectively.The corresponding MS and tandem MS data is shown in supplementary Fig. S6... | RNA interference has provided valuable insight into a wide range of biological systems and is a powerful tool for the analysis of gene function.Here we have developed analytical methods that enable the rapid purification of dsRNA from associated impurities from bacterial cells in conjunction with downstream analyses.We... |
Feline calicivirus is a common pathogen of cats causing oral and upper respiratory tract disease .It has a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome , the plasticity of which is important for antigenic evolution, viral persistence recombination , and the sporadic outbreaks of highly virulent FCV strains causing severe... | Background Feline calicivirus (FCV) is an important pathogen of cats for which vaccination is regularly practised.Long-term use of established vaccine antigens raises the theoretical possibility that field viruses could become resistant.Oropharyngeal swabs were requested from 30 (UK) and 40 (other countries) cats atten... |
vaccination induces insufficient neutralisation titres , such that previous studies have used infection with vaccine viruses to produce test sera .This will likely impact on both the quantity and range of any measured immune response compared to vaccination, especially when the tested vaccines often contain inactivated... | In vitro virus neutralisation assays were performed to evaluate FCV-F9 cross-reactivity using plasma from four vaccinated cats.Risk factors positively associated with FCV shedding included multi-cat households, chronic gingivostomatitis, younger age, not being neutered, as well as residing in certain countries.Plasma r... |
population, a cross-sectional survey sampling cats from randomly recruited veterinary practices was undertaken.This approach also provided an opportunity to assess the epidemiology and molecular epidemiology of FCV infection.Consistent with previous studies, cats in multi-cat households, those with CGS, and younger cat... | This study aimed to assess the current ability of the FCV-F9 vaccine strain to neutralise a randomly collected contemporary panel of FCV field strains collected prospectively in six European countries.Methods Veterinary practices (64) were randomly selected from six countries (UK, Sweden, Netherlands, Germany, France a... |
Superficial wounds heal well and without the need for surgical interventions.However, in the setting of a deep insult to the skin that destroys most of the dermis, patients do not have the capacity to heal with functional tissue.Thus, the current standard of care following full-thickness skin injury such as in severe b... | Following full-thickness skin injuries, epithelialization of the wound is essential.The standard of care to achieve this wound “closure” in patients is autologous split-thickness skin grafting (STSG).However, patients living with STSGs report significant chronic impairments leading to functional deficiencies such as it... |
of toluene might change, affecting the radical chemistry of the attachment.However, as shown above, in both the ‘scanned’ and ‘non-scanned’ areas particle attachment was similar, indicating that oxygen had no visual impact.To further verify the obtained results, the attachment of Fe-NPs was also performed ex-situ at la... | By using liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (LP-TEM), the dynamics of iron oxide nanoparticle (Fe-NP) attachment to carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and oxygen functionalized CNFs (CNF-Ox) were studied in-situ.The beam effect on the stability of the sample in various liquids was examined, and it was found that tolue... |
charged NPs show a small secondary energy minima at around 4 nm, and a repulsive energy barrier at around 2 nm.The energy barrier would hinder attachment to the calcite surface and any NPs sitting in the secondary energy minima would be more weakly bound.Again, this is consistent with the poorer capture of positively c... | Binding of nanoparticles (NPs) to mineral surfaces influences their transport through the environment.The potential, however, for growing minerals to immobilize NPs via occlusion (the process of trapping particles inside the growing mineral) has yet to be explored in environmentally relevant systems.As calcite crystals... |
while the largest reduction is to concern particulate matter, which is particularly dangerous for human health.The most optimistic in terms of the environment and human health is Scenario III because the calculations indicate more than 35% of reduction in particulate matter and a slightly smaller reduction of the rest ... | According to the report of the World Health Organization (WHO) on the list of 50 cities with the most polluted air in Europe as many as 33 are located in Poland.All the cities that are on the list exceed the maximum concentration of dust recommended by WHO at least three times.In the Lubuskie Province there is a very s... |
SS3 surface with the exception of the control and SS4 surface.It was demonstrated that a Sa and Sq value was obtained that was similar to that of control.However, it demonstrated that the greatest Spv was obtained than that of the control.The SS4 surface was produced using a high scanning speed of 1000 mm/s which resul... | The Sa, and wettability of the surfaces all increased when compared to the control following laser treatment.One surface was demonstrated to be the best antiadhesive surface, which alongside being superhydrophobic (154.30°) had the greatest Sa and Spv (1.16 μm; 6.17 μm) values, and the greatest peak (21.63 μm) and vall... |
lowest numbers were retained on SS5.Following the adhesion assays, the greatest number of cells was retained on the control, then SS3 with the least number of cells being retained on SS5.Following the retention assay, the greatest numbers of cells were retained on the control surface followed by the SS1 with the least ... | A picosecond laser was used to produce hierarchical textures on stainless steel.Following microbial assays, the work demonstrated that on all the surfaces, following attachment, adhesion and retention assays, the number of Escherichia coli on the laser textured surfaces was reduced.This study showed that the surface ro... |
NRT with smoker identity, withdrawal symptoms, and attitudes towards non-combustible nicotine delivery devices.This cross-sectional study forms part of a larger, international study assessing the impact of long-term use of non-combustible nicotine delivery devices on health.The present study, which focuses on psycholog... | Methods: UK participants were recruited from four naturally occurring groups of long-term (≥6 months) users of either EC or NRT who had stopped or continued to smoke (N= 36 per group, total N= 144).Participants completed a questionnaire assessing socio-demographic and smoking characteristics, nicotine withdrawal sympto... |
NRT than EC.As would be expected, current cigarette consumption was lower among dual users than past cigarette consumption reported by ex-smokers and four out of five smokers reported trying to cut down cigarette consumption.Amongst smokers, NRT users reported having made more recent quit attempts and being more motiva... | Results: Adjusting for relevant confounders, EC use was associated with a stronger smoker identity (Wald X2(1)=3.9, p=0.048) and greater product endorsement (Wald X2(1)=4.6, p=0.024) than NRT use, irrespective of smoking status.Among ex-smokers, EC users reported less severe mood and physical symptoms (Wald X2(1)=6.1, ... |
of any nicotine products.On the one hand, findings are encouraging insofar as they suggest that EC could be a powerful harm reduction tool, at least as effective as the established NRT, and that they may be particularly helpful in engaging those smokers who are not motivated to quit and/or strongly identified as smoker... | Background: Electronic cigarettes (ECs) and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) are non-combustible nicotine delivery devices being widely used as a partial or a complete long-term substitute for smoking.This study aimed to provide preliminary evidence on this and compare users of the different products.Among long-term ... |
with the accumulated local knowledge.Similarly, local knowledge of place-based interdependencies causally linked smaller and wider scales, but not as widely, geographically speaking, as spatial planning knowledge did.Interdependencies that connected parts of the urban infrastructure were evident to all actors.Community... | This monograph looks at experiences of communities with spatial planning and applies those empirics to an underexplored area of participatory theory.While issues of power and communication have been well examined this work rests on the argument that the associated production of knowledge needs to be better understood.T... |
In this article are presented the data analyses from leaf count and rosette diameter for three lines AtFTOE compared with WT Arabidopsis plants.Data corresponding to differential expression from AtFTOE 2.1 line vs WT Arabidopsis are visualized by Mapman.Some data corresponding to down-regulated genes are presented in T... | In this dataset we integrated figures comparing leaf number and rosette diameter in three Arabidopsis FT overexpressor lines (AtFTOE) driven by KNAT1 promoter, "A member of the KNOTTED class of homeodomain proteins encoded by the STM gene of Arabidopsis" [5], vs Wild Type (WT) Arabidopsis plats.Also, presented in the t... |
high neutron and gamma radiation shielding performance were designed and produced.The nickel was added to enhance heat-resistance and radiation shielding properties.Chromium was added to increase the structure against rust, melting point, tensile strength and radiation shielding capacity.Chromium with the carbon elemen... | Before the production, GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit was used to estimate the total fast neutron macroscopic cross sections and gamma mass attenuation coefficients.We tested samples’ chemical and mechanical strength.Samples were exposed to both gamma rays and fast neutrons.The obtained simulation and experiment... |
sources.Road dust was found to account for more of the total variance at urban sites compared to receptor sites.Lin et al. also applied PCA to MOUDI and nanoMOUDI sample results from Pingtung, Taiwan.This study found four factors in nano/ultrafine particulates which corresponded to elements associated with diesel, gaso... | Knowledge of the human health impacts associated with airborne nanoparticle exposure has led to considerable research activity aimed at better characterising these particles and understanding which particle properties are most important in the context of effects on health.Knowledge of the sources, chemical composition,... |
In Germany, an average of 243 cases and 20 deaths of invasive meningococcal disease due to serogroup B were reported to the Robert Koch Institute each year between 2009 and 2012.Over this period MenB accounted for 68.5% of IMD cases; 22% were due to MenC, 5.2% due to MenY, 3.4% due to MenW and the remainder due to grou... | Bexsero, a new vaccine against serogroup B meningococcal disease (MenB), was licensed in Europe in January 2013.In Germany, Bexsero is recommended for persons at increased risk of invasive meningococcal disease, but not for universal childhood vaccination.To support decision making we adapted the independently develope... |
48% requiring ambulance transfer.The proportion of survivors with mild and severe sequelae was estimated from the literature .Quality of life losses for survivors with sequelae were based on currently unpublished data from the MOSAIC study, a case–control study of MenB survivors in the UK ; losses for carers of a perso... | Vaccination strategies included infant and adolescent vaccination, alone or in combination, and with one-off catch-up programmes.We assessed the impact of vaccination through cases averted and quality adjusted life years (QALY) gained and calculated costs per QALY gained.Assuming 65% vaccine uptake and 82% strain cover... |
did not include long-term costs for mild learning disability or institutional care for patients with severe disability, making our cost estimate for severe sequelae rather conservative .We did include costs for rehabilitation, physical therapy, and speech therapy in the year after illness for a proportion of the patien... | We used both cohort and transmission dynamic mathematical models, the latter allowing for herd effects, to consider the impact of vaccination on individuals aged 0–99 years.Given the current very low incidence of MenB disease in Germany, universal vaccination with Bexsero® would prevent only a small absolute number of ... |
quantitatively identify the exact resilience indicators and express the resilience formulation with respect to the specific type of geo-environmental disaster in a convincible way.Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that the output of the proposed resilience model should not be only limited to continuous numerical valu... | Resilience, in general, is widely considered as a system's capacity to proactively adapt to external disturbances and recover from them.However, the existing resilience framework research is still quite fragmented and the links behind various studies are not straightforwardly accessible.The paper provides a critical st... |
as enzymes by the same fungal treatment.Likely, the same theory about accessibility of carbohydrates can be applied to oak wood chips.Unlike wheat straw, oak wood chips probably did not contain easily accessible nutrients, since the IVGP did not decrease in the first week.In addition, ADL degradation by L. edodes and C... | Wheat straw and oak wood chips were incubated with Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes for 8 weeks.L. edodes continuously grew during the 8 weeks on both wheat straw and oak wood chips, as determined by the ergosterol mass fraction of the dry biomass.C. subvermispora colonized both substrates during the fi... |
of deformation appeared to be greater in younger skin.This rate of change further appeared to be greater in tissue chronically photoexposed between the young and aged volunteers when compared to the response observed in buttock skin.Hence, in intrinsically aged skin of color subtle variations in biomechanical propertie... | In contrast, intrinsically aged buttock skin was significantly less resilient, less elastic, and was accompanied by effacement of rete ridges with reduced deposition of both elastic fibers and fibrillar collagens.In chronically photoexposed dorsal forearm, significant impairment of all biomechanical functions was ident... |
impact of disease and aging.Our data examine the consequences of cutaneous aging in skin of color and identify that despite the photoprotective properties of melanin, chronic photoexposure exacerbates features of aging skin at both the histologic and functional level.This further promotes the need for improved public h... | Maintaining optimal skin function is essential for healthy aging across global populations; yet most research focuses on lightly pigmented skin (Fitzpatrick phototypes I–III), with little emphasis on skin of color (Fitzpatrick phototypes V–VI).Here, we explore the biomechanical and histologic consequences of aging in b... |
is also a small structure and one has to take caution with voxel based data with close proximity to enlarged ventricles,.However, appropriate steps were taken to exclude the possibility that hypometabolism was caused by volume averaging.The hypometabolism is also throughout the entire dorsal striatum and not just the p... | Background: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is an important and treatable cause of neurologic impairment.Diagnosis is complicated due to symptoms overlapping with other age related disorders.The pathophysiology underlying iNPH is not well understood.We explored FDG-PET abnormalities in iNPH patients in ... |
atmosphere can be attributed to the oxidation of the C2H5 fragment of the ligand to produce acetaldehyde, and to yield 2-butanone upon recombination of CH3CO and C2H5· according to α*.On the other hand, in the absence of oxygen, upon simple recombination without oxidation of the radicals, butane could be formed.From Fi... | The processes involved in the thermal decomposition of yttrium propionate in oxidizing and inert atmosphere were analyzed with thermoanalytical techniques (thermogravimetry and evolved gas analysis) and with the help of structural characterization (X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis) of int... |
Many disciplines in clinical neurology and neuroscience benefit from the analysis of eye motion and gaze direction, which both rely on accurate pupil detection and localization as a prerequisite step.Over the years, eye tracking techniques have been contributing to the advancement of research within these areas.Example... | Several existing techniques face challenges in images with artifacts and under naturalistic low-light conditions, e.g.New method: For the first time, we propose to use a fully convolutional neural network (FCNN) for segmentation of the whole pupil area, trained on 3946 VOG images hand-annotated at our institute.Results... |
segmentation may then aid or even replace the extra measurements of skin conductance and heart rate in some studies of emotion.Additionally, the output as a probability map informs the user about the confidence of the segmentation, which gives valuable information on data reliability, interpretation and blink detection... | Background: A prerequisite for many eye tracking and video-oculography (VOG) methods is an accurate localization of the pupil.We integrate the FCNN into DeepVOG, along with an established method for gaze estimation from elliptical pupil contours, which we improve upon by considering our FCNN's segmentation confidence m... |
It is fundamental and challenging to train robust and accurate Deep Neural Networks when semantically abnormal examples exist.Although great progress has been made, there is still one crucial research question which is not thoroughly explored yet: What training examples should be focused and how much more should they b... | ROBUST DISCRIMINATIVE REPRESENTATION LEARNING VIA GRADIENT RESCALING: AN EMPHASIS REGULARISATION PERSPECTIVE |
of moment forces occurred.The moment force in column A5 increased from 3.14 kN m to 76 kN m peak before settling down at a constant value of 34.2 kN m for case 2.A large redistribution of moment forces took place for case 4.The moment force in column A5 increased from 6.78 to 112 kN m peak, before settling down at 39.8... | The results of this study shows that side case removal in moment frame and moment with centrically braced frame systems was more critical and destructive compared with corner case removal.Comparing the models, for the two different lateral resistance systems, the dynamic response of columns were different, but were not... |
families such as titanate , vanadate and double perovskite are also reported to be redox stable/reversible and with promising performances when run on hydrocarbon fuels .Besides these requirements, carbon deposition, tolerance to impurities, long term operational reliability and durability remain challenges, especially... | One of the most attractive routes for the production of hydrogen or syngas for use in fuel cell applications is the reforming and partial oxidation of hydrocarbons.The use of hydrocarbons in high temperature fuel cells is achieved through either external or internal reforming.Reforming and partial oxidation catalysis t... |
Inspired by the adaptation phenomenon of biological neuronal firing, we propose regularity normalization: a reparameterization of the activation in the neural network that take into account the statistical regularity in the implicit space.By considering the neural network optimization process as a model selection probl... | Considering neural network optimization process as a model selection problem, we introduce a biological plausible normalization method that extracts statistical regularity under MDL principle to tackle imbalanced and limited data issue. |
and/or classifications were reported, in some cases with previous traditional single cell segmentation.As an example, one study used labeled full resolution images to train a deep neural network which gave slightly better treatment level classification results compared to previously reported predictions using segmentat... | The increase in imaging throughput, new analytical frameworks and high-performance computational resources open new avenues for data-rich phenotypic profiling of small molecules in drug discovery.Image-based profiling assays assessing single-cell phenotypes have been used to explore mechanisms of action, target efficac... |
the same number of artificial barriers as in alternative 7, but choose the reaches and barriers randomly.Note that alternatives 2–7 illustrate alternative management strategies, whereas alternative 1 is used to compare the other alternatives with the current state.Comparing alternatives 7 and 8 illustrates the differen... | Environmental decision support intends to use the best available scientific knowledge to help decision makers find and evaluate management alternatives.The goal of this process is to achieve the best fulfillment of societal objectives.This requires a careful analysis of (i) how scientific knowledge can be represented a... |
actin and myosin XI isoforms to respond to strong and various environmental stimuli.Furthermore, the specific expression of many actin and myosin XI isoforms in reproductive tissues may reflect that their appearance has been necessary for the revolution of reproductive system from using the sperm to using the pollen tu... | Actin is one of the three major cytoskeletal components in eukaryotic cells.Myosin XI is an actin-based motor protein in plant cells.Organelles are attached to myosin XI and translocated along the actin filaments.This dynamic actin–myosin XI system plays a major role in subcellular organelle transport and cytoplasmic s... |
dummy equal to one if the household hosted another family or family member during the conflict.This indicator can be considered symmetrical to the one for residence damage.In fact, the further away a household is from the border, the less it is affected by the conflict and the more it is expected to offer help to other... | This paper studies how conflict affects household resilience capacity and food security, drawing on panel data collected from households in Palestine before and after the 2014 Gaza conflict.During this escalation of violence, the majority of the damages in the Gaza Strip were concentrated close to the Israeli border.Us... |
of an increase of classroom size by one student in Israel or Sweden or by three students in California.The reduced-form results contrast with the current body of evidence, which tend to find either positive or null effects of school competition, with a notable exception of a negative effect reported by Imberman.One rea... | Theoretical literature on whether school competition raises public school productivity is ambiguous (e.g.MacLeod & Urquiola, 2015) and empirical evidence is mixed (e.g.Moreover, competition might itself be an outcome of changes in productivity (e.g.Hoxby, 2003).We provide evidence for the negative effect of the threat ... |
the growth medium was supplemented with cAMP, substantiating the serine-mediated interference in the cAMP-CRP control of gene expression .To be sure, this effect was reverted in a crp* background.It was therefore interesting to isolate secondary mutants that would again be resistant to excess serine in order to better ... | The Escherichia coli cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP or catabolite activator protein, CAP) provides a textbook example of bacterial transcriptional regulation and is one of the best studied transcription factors in biology.For almost five decades a large number of mutants, evolved in vivo or engineered in vitro, have ... |
the reaction was monitored by UV–vis spectroscopy as the decrease in α-terpinene absorption at 266 nm .Fig. 6 shows UV–vis spectra of α-terpinene recorded in the course of illumination of pCB-PDI layer.The clear decrease in α-terpinene absorption at 266 nm results from its reaction with 1O2 .Since almost no drop in abs... | New conjugated polymers with perylene diimides (PDI) as pendant groups were synthesized and deposited on glass substrates by the spin coating.The resulting thin films were characterized by UV–vis, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and profilometry.It was shown that PDI photosensitizers retain its photoactivit... |
flat cross-section area provides better enhancement in both Nusselt number and friction factor with 5% and 3% enhancement respectively.Furthermore, this finding consistent with Fiebig et al. ,The effect of fin perforation shape of circular, square and triangular perforation has been conducted and illustrated in Fig. 4 ... | In this paper, the heat transfer and flow characteristic of air over flat finned tube with perforated and non-perforated fin have been carried out numerically.The mesh generation and finite volume analyses have been conducted using Ansys 15 with a RNG k-e turbulent model to estimate heat transfer coefficient and pressu... |
Fig. 8.Similarly, for the convenience of research, the structural parameter “vertical distance” is defined as V, as shown in Fig. 9.The vertical distance between two gold particles is increased with the H = 0 nm.It is obviously that a new absorption band is obtained when V is increased, as shown in Fig. 8.When V = 800 ... | A compound structure metamaterial containing a metal particles array embedded in a dielectric layer is designed and simulated.The absorption property is modulated through changing horizontal (H) or vertical (V) distances between two metallic particles.The interaction and coupling between LSP modes enhances of the absor... |
Reinforcement learning algorithms rely on carefully engineered rewards from the environment that are extrinsic to the agent.However, annotating each environment with hand-designed, dense rewards is difficult and not scalable, motivating the need for developing reward functions that are intrinsic to the agent.Curiosity ... | An agent trained only with curiosity, and no extrinsic reward, does surprisingly well on 54 popular environments, including the suite of Atari games, Mario etc. |
efficiency and biogas generation is seen mainly after addition of the second stage.In another study using a CSTR as a primary stage and an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor as the second stage, the results showed that the two stage system is more stable at higher organic loading rates compared to a single stage ... | This study sets out to develop an approach that couples attainable regions and fuzzy multicriteria decision methods for modeling optimal configurations of multistage digesters without using a kinetic model of the process.The approach is based on geometric analysis of methane curves as their shapes contain valuable insi... |
High temporal resolution neutron imaging is a technique from which several domains of science and engineering may profit, as there are large number of processes for which a high temporal resolution neutron imaging is an appropriate technique of investigation.It is the recent developments in sCMOS detector technology th... | In order to partially overcome the neutron intensity problem for the high temporal resolution imaging, a parabolic neutron focussing guide was utilized in the test arrangement and placed upstream the detector in such a manner that the focal point of the guide was positioned slightly behind the scintillator screen.In a ... |
s the droplet starts submerging into the depth while mixing with the D2O volume reaching the largest depth at the time,about 0.35 s.As the density of D2O is higher than that of H2O, the H2O is then redistributed towards the surface of the liquid in the container by buoyancy forces, thus reinforcing the H2O-contaminated... | The recent developments in scientific complementary metal oxide semiconductor (sCMOS) detector technology allow for imaging of relevant processes with very high temporal resolution with practically negligible readout time.However, it is neutron intensity that limits the high temporal resolution neutron imaging.In such ... |
Nematodes of the genus Trichinella are zoonotic parasites with a cosmopolitan distribution.The twelve taxa recognized so far in the genus are separated into two clades, one that encompasses species that encapsulate in host muscle tissues following muscle cell reprogramming, and a second that includes non-encapsulated s... | Parasite nematodes of the genus Trichinella are transmitted from one host to another through the ingestion of larvae present in striated muscles.Thereby, these nematodes developed an anaerobic metabolism favouring their survival in decaying tissues.In addition, muscle larvae of three taxa, namely Trichinella nativa, Tr... |
of carcasses in the subnivium ranged from −2.5 °C to +3.3 °C with a maximum delta of 5.8 °C and a relative humidity close to 100%.In contrast, the temperature variation of carcasses exposed above the snow was in the range of −16.9 °C to +14.8 °C with a maximum delta of 31.7 °C and a relative humidity ranging from 23.9%... | The longer the survival of muscle larvae in host carcasses, the higher the probability of being ingested by a scavenging host.The aim of the present work was to investigate the survival time of T. britovi larvae in naturally infected host carcasses preserved beneath or above the snow.Fox and raccoon dog carcasses natur... |
and privacy enhancing technology to be implemented.Secure e-mail, secure messaging and secure phone calls should be the current basic demand of consumers of electronic products.In the future this demand should extend to secure communications with IoT devices that will invade all aspects of human life.Finally, the deplo... | The 2013 Snowden revelations ignited a vehement debate on the legitimacy and breadth of intelligence operations that monitor the Internet and telecommunications worldwide.The ongoing invasion of the private sphere of individuals around the world by governments and companies is an issue that is handled inadequately usin... |
maize yields by 25%, indicating legumes may reduce fertilizer requirements by 50% .Besides adding organic matter to soils, trees roots can effectively remove portions of inorganic phosphorus in the soil solution through uptake causing increased P adsorption capacity of soils and increased P retention .Tree roots exudat... | Agricultural commodity production in a changing climate scenario is undergoing sustainability challenges due to degradation of soil fertility, water and biodiversity resources.In Africa, yields for important cereals (e.g., maize) have stagnated at 1tha-1 due to land degradation, low fertilizer use and water stress.Reso... |
Developmental robustness is achieved through buffering gene expression patterns against stochastic, genetic, and environmental perturbations .Although the underlying molecular mechanisms are still being dissected, transcriptional robustness can be modulated at several levels , including DNA accessibility , RNA polymera... | Redundant enhancers (or "shadow" enhancers), for example, can confer precision and robustness to gene expression, at least at individual, well-studied loci.However, the extent to which enhancer redundancy exists and can thereby have a major impact on developmental robustness remains unknown.The activity of 23 elements,... |
events and then either functionally diverge or degrade, being rapidly lost within a population.Partially redundant elements, i.e., enhancers with overlapping spatial activity, in contrast, should be maintained by selection and therefore preserved over longer evolutionary timescales and thus should be more common.It is ... | First, it is much more pervasive than previously anticipated, with 64% of loci examined having shadow enhancers.Second, over 70% of loci do not follow the simple situation of having only two shadow enhancers - often there are three (rols), four (CadN and ade5), or five (Traf1), at least one of which can be deleted with... |
bound by a small repertoire of TFs: extrapolating to all ∼700 or so predicted Drosophila TFs suggests that shadow enhancers are prevalent throughout the genome and therefore could have a substantial impact on the robustness of gene expression during embryonic development.As we discuss below, however, this largely hidde... | Summary Embryogenesis is remarkably robust to segregating mutations and environmental variation; under a range of conditions, embryos of a given species develop into stereotypically patterned organisms.Such robustness is thought to be conferred, in part, through elements within regulatory networks that perform similar,... |
arthroscopic shaver system, so it was not completely resected.Fortunately, there was no recurrence at the final follow-up 20 months after surgery.Nevertheless, the limitation of this case is that the long-term results have not been evaluated.Therefore, it is necessary to follow up this case in the future.We reported a ... | Introduction: Nodular fasciitis is a benign myofibroblastic proliferation arising from the fascia.Until now, there have been only two reported cases of intra-articular nodular fasciitis in the elbow joint.Presentation of case: We report a case of a 19-year-old woman with a 3-month history of pain in the left elbow.Cont... |
Intra-tumor genetic heterogeneity has been documented in several adult tumors.Such tumors typically evolve over long periods before diagnosis, with most demonstrating branched evolutionary trajectories.However, the prevalence and relevance of ITGH are poorly understood in pediatric solid tumors: since they carry lower ... | A number of copy number aberrations (CNA) are proposed as prognostic biomarkers to stratify patients, for example 1q + in Wilms tumor (WT); current clinical trials use only one sample per tumor to profile this genetic biomarker.We multisampled 20 WT cases and assessed genome-wide allele-specific CNA and loss of heteroz... |
across multiple samples for each tumor, and infer evolutionary trajectories in order to provide a basis for understanding how ITGH arises.We found a remarkable range of evolutionary scenarios and variable ITGH in WT, including 1q +.Indeed, our data indicated that single sampling misses a significant proportion of cases... | We found remarkable diversity of ITGH and evolutionary trajectories in WT.1q + is heterogeneous in the majority of tumors with this change, with variable evolutionary timing.We estimate that at least three samples per tumor are needed to detect > 95% of cases with 1q +.In contrast, somatic 11p15 LOH is uniformly an ear... |
Here, we exemplified the viability of Toxoplasma gondii treated by-usnic acid in cell with typan blue and Giemsa stainingand the survival rate of infected mice and ultrastructural changes of toxoplasma in vivo.The RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii was prepared by intraperitoneal inoculation of mice and used in experiments... | Toxoplasma gondii pathogen is a threat to human health that results in economic burden.Unfortunately, there are very few high-efficiency and low-toxicity drugs for toxoplasmosis in the clinic.(+)-Usnic acid derived from lichen species has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-parasitology, and ev... |
less than 3.Not being an acidophile sensu stricto but an acid-tolerant species, E. andevalensis might have evolved acquiring plasma membrane properties to keep H+ at bay, complex cell wall structures to tolerate low pH and greater cation uptake.Adaptation to the harsh conditions in acid root environment by significant ... | Background and aims: Tolerance to soil acidity was studied in two species of Ericaceae that grow in mine-contaminated soils (S Portugal, SW Spain) to find out if there are interspecific variations in H+ tolerance which might be related to their particular location.Methods: Tolerance to H+ toxicity was tested in nutrien... |
dsrA gene previously associated with branched dextran composed of α- and α- linkages showed a very low level of expression in the conditions of this study.Notwithstanding the possibility of other dextransucrases involved, in this investigation, at least one showed its highest activity during the first 24 h of sourdough... | This study focused on the performance of the dextran producer Leuconostoc citreum as starter culture during 30 days of wheat flour type I sourdough propagation (back-slopping).As confirmed by RAPD-PCR analysis, the strain dominated throughout the propagation procedure, consisting of daily fermentations at 20 °C.The sou... |
tiptrode.The correlation between sessions was as strong for wave I as for wave V.The bottom panel of Fig. 6 shows the wave I/V ratio for session T2 plotted against that of session T1.The correlations for the I/V ratio were larger for the canal tiptrode than the mastoid electrode, and similar to those for the individual... | The current study aimed to determine whether ABR wave I amplitude has sufficient test-retest reliability to detect impaired auditory nerve function in an otherwise normal-hearing listener.The stimulus was an 80 dB nHL click.The summating potential (SP) and ratio of SP to wave I were also quantified and found to be much... |
V decreased when using a canal tiptrode relative to a mastoid electrode, as seen in other studies.However, reliability of the wave amplitude did not appear to be directly linked to the absolute amplitude of the wave.Wave V was slightly more reliable in the canal tiptrode montage compared to the mastoid electrode montag... | The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is a sub-cortical evoked potential in which a series of well-defined waves occur in the first 10 ms after the onset of an auditory stimulus.Wave V of the ABR, particularly wave V latency, has been shown to be remarkably stable over time in individual listeners.This ABR component ha... |
Hepatitis B virus is 50–100 times more infectious than HIV; and it is the aetiologic agent of hepatitis B, an infection that is endemic in Nigeria .HBV is a double-stranded DNA virus of a complex structure that causes infection of the liver .The virus belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family and is the most common cause of... | Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is 50–100 times more infectious than HIV, and hepatitis B is endemic in Nigeria.In this study, we evaluated the serologic markers of HBV infection and associated socio-demographic factors in a subset of young people in Central Nigeria.Blood samples were collected from 350 consenting newly admitt... |
22.2 years voluntarily participated in this study.Of these, 34 were positive for HBsAg, 134 had HBsAb, 98 showed evidence of HBcAb, 13 were positive for HBeAg and 16 had HBeAb.The patterns of infection markers among the participants show that 4 subjects had chronic infection with high viral replication, 9 had acute inf... | Of the 350 participants, 157 (44.9%) were male and 193 (55.1%) were female.Overall, 34 (9.7%) had HBsAg, 134 (38.3%) had HBsAb, 98 (28.0%) had HBcAb, 13 (3.7%) had HBeAg and 16 (4.6%) had HBeAb.Gender distribution showed that 20 (12.7%), 78 (49.7%), 59 (37.6%), 9 (5.7%) and 11 (7.0%) of male subjects had HBsAg, HBsAb, ... |
1.4% were recently vaccinated, 16.0% were immune due to vaccination, 22.3% were immune due to previous natural exposure to the virus and the remaining 52.0% have never had any exposure to the virus.In contrast, one study in Benue State, Nigeria, reported higher prevalence of 3.8% and 8.7% for chronic and acute infectio... | This study reveals high prevalence of HBV and risk of transmission in the apparently healthy freshmen.Our findings have critical implications for intervention initiatives especially among students and youths. |
The Succulent Karoo is a biodiversity hotspot in the semi-arid winter rainfall region of southern Africa, which contains a high proportion of endemic plant species."Quartz fields are rare features of South Africa's Succulent Karoo Biome as they are represented in only five of the biome's 63 vegetation units and cover l... | Quartz fields are rare features that contribute significantly to vegetation diversity and endemism of South Africa's Succulent Karoo Biome.The Riethuis-Wallekraal quartz fields in the north-western Namaqualand area of South Africa contain 17 quartz field specialist species of which seven are endemic to this specific ar... |
livestock paths in our study area were altered sufficiently to reduce soil stability.Our argument is supported by Belnap and Eldridge who described the disturbance and recovery of biological soil crusts by looking at research conducted across the world.They state that mechanical disturbance such as trampling by livesto... | It would be important to conservationists to understand whether direct (e.g.burial of flora by sediment movement) associated with the livestock paths holds any threat to the dwarf succulent (<.Livestock paths also had lower cover and fewer quartz field specialist species.It is concluded that under conditions of intense... |
and compound solutions was the same as in the final step of the purification.The compounds were dissolved in DMSO, and then diluted with buffer.DMSO content in the final compound solutions did not exceed 0.5%.Data integration, fitting, and evaluation were performed using the software Origin 7 with the ITC200 plugin pro... | The transcriptional activator PrfA, a member of the Crp/Fnr family, controls the expression of some key virulence factors necessary for infection by the human bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes.These inhibitors bind the transcriptional regulator PrfA and decrease its affinity for the consensus DNA-binding site.S... |
other explanatory factors tested did not have an impact.Although baseline concentrations influenced individuals’ stress-induced levels of CORT stress-induced values were not influenced by brood size.Instead, stress-induced levels were higher in chicks whose nest started later in the season.Contrary to our predictions t... | Despite its consistency across the breeding season, and suggestions in the literature that it should have importance for reproductive fitness, parental neophobia did not predict nest success, provisioning rates or offspring hormone levels.Parents with lower provisioning rates fledged fewer chicks, chicks from larger br... |
increases in baseline CORT may act as an adaptive response to sibling competition, despite the costs that these hormones incur, such as later impacts on spatial memory and immune responses.Although higher levels of baseline CORT have been documented in experimentally enlarged clutches in other species not all studies w... | Many species show individual variation in neophobia and stress hormones, but the causes and consequences of this variation in the wild are unclear.Variation in neophobia levels could affect the number of offspring animals produce, and more subtly influence the rearing environment and offspring development.Therefore mea... |
Multiagent systems where the agents interact among themselves and with an stochastic environment can be formalized as stochastic games.We study a subclass of these games, named Markov potential games, that appear often in economic and engineering applications when the agents share some common resource.We consider MPGs ... | We present general closed loop analysis for Markov potential games and show that deep reinforcement learning can be used for learning approximate closed-loop Nash equilibrium. |
Stochastic gradient descent, which dates back to the 1950s, is one of the most popular and effective approaches for performing stochastic optimization.Research on SGD resurged recently in machine learning for optimizing convex loss functions and training nonconvex deep neural networks.The theory assumes that one can ea... | Convergence theory for biased (but consistent) gradient estimators in stochastic optimization and application to graph convolutional networks |
tissues stored in BABB.Alexa Fluor® fluorescence was found to be stable for a few months in BABB.Besides, differences in the effect of dehydration with ethanol or methanol have also been described.Parra et al. proposed ethanol to be used for better preservation of fluorescence signals.Becker et al. and Jährling et al. ... | For 3-dimensional (3D) imaging of a tissue, 3 methodological steps are essential and their successful application depends on specific characteristics of the type of tissue.The steps are 1° clearing of the opaque tissue to render it transparent for microscopy, 2° fluorescence labeling of the tissues and 3° 3D imaging.In... |
intervention group, and 43 of 366 in the control subsample, had a urinary tract infection at initial screening, corresponding to prevalences of 8·6% and 11·8%, respectively.In the intervention group, 271 participants with urinary tract infections started antibiotics and 251 completed the full course.A test-of-cure urin... | Background: One-third of preterm births are attributed to pregnancy infections.We implemented a community-based intervention to screen and treat maternal genitourinary tract infections, with the aim of reducing the incidence of preterm birth.Eligible participants within clusters were all ever-married women and girls of... |
and samples stored with EOs+β-CD ice.Hence, EOs+β-CD ice had not any adverse effect on the sensory acceptability of seabream.Similar results were found in cooked seabream.Control seabream were worst evaluated along cold storage by the panellists.Neither odour nor taste of the cooked seabream slaughtered and stored with... | Ice containing essential oils (EOs) nanoencapsulated in β-cyclodextrins (β-CD) (named as EOs+β-CD ice) was used for stunning/slaughtering by hypothermia in ice slurry, and for ice storage of gilthead seabream.Clove essential oil (CEO) was used at fish stunning/slaughtering, while ice storage of whole fish was performed... |
Although honesty is regarded as a virtue or even a moral duty, lying and deception permeate economic life.Studying truth-telling has accordingly become a focus of inquiry for economics.1,An area of particular public economic importance is the truth-telling of economic agents towards their regulating authorities—from th... | Understanding what determines the truth-telling of economic agents towards their regulator is of major economic importance from banking to the management of common-pool resources such as European fisheries.By enacting a discard-ban on unwanted fish-catches without increasing monitoring activities, the European Union (E... |
results also extend to other settings.The experiment with fishermen did not confirm our initial hypothesis 3 that fishermen report less truthfully in EU_Flag_Funding compared to the EU_Flag treatment.Our expectation was that fishermen may regard the additional informational cue as an indication that there is plenty of ... | Our findings imply that lying is more extensive towards an ill-regarded regulator and that policy needs to account for this endogenously eroding honesty base. |
IVZ specimens exhibited framework fracture, and micro-CT images revealed fractures from the surface of the pontic to the connector area.The MC specimens exhibited veneer fracture at the porcelain/metal interface or within the porcelain.This study investigated the effects of veneering material and framework design on fr... | Purpose: To determine the effect of veneering material and framework design on fracture loads of implant-supported zirconia molar fixed dental prostheses (FDPs).Methods: Sixty-six zirconia FDPs were manufactured onto two implants and classified as uniform thickness (UT) or anatomic design (AD).These framework design gr... |
the following fluorophore-coupled anti-human antibodies: IgG-APC, IgM-BV605, CD19-BV421, CD20-BV421, CD3-PerCP-Cy5.5, CD14 PerCP-Cy5.5, CD335 PerCP-Cy5.5, CD606 PerCP-Cy5.5 and 1:20 Streptavidin-PE coupled BG505.SOSIP.664 mix described above.Staining was performed for 30 mins at 4°C.Sorting was done on a FACS Aria II.T... | Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1 envelope (Env) inform vaccine design and are potential therapeutic agents.We identified SF12 and related bNAbs with up to 62% neutralization breadth from an HIV-infected donor.SF12 recognized a glycan-dominated epitope on Env's silent face and was potent against cla... |
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.Scaling and temporal adjustment of precision grip force is a highly efficient skill in everyday life.While grasping an object, healthy subjects precisely scale the applied grip force to match the load defined by physical object properties, such as weight and s... | Introduction Healthy subjects scale grip force to match the load defined by physical object properties such as weight, or dynamic properties such as inertia.Methods After implantation of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes in the STN, PD patients performed adaptive and voluntary grip force tasks, while we recorded ... |
distinction between grip force scaling and temporal grip force control in anterior and posterior basal ganglia nuclei: for the voluntary Press task we found higher cortico-STN coherence, indicating that this task is embedded in a cortico-basal ganglia network controlling for grip force parameterization.On the other han... | Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) show an elevated grip force in dynamic object handling, but temporal aspects of anticipatory grip force control are relatively preserved.In PD patients, beta frequency oscillatory activity in the basal ganglia is suppressed prior to externally paced movements.However, the role of ... |
gestures.An alternative explanation for this finding is that children were referring to familiar or preexisting verbal labels when retrieving the nonverbal sounds in memory rather than encoding and retrieving the actual nonverbal PAL stimuli.Given this possibility, it cannot be argued that this condition performs the f... | Paired-associate learning (PAL) tasks measure the ability to form a novel association between a stimulus and a response.Performance on such tasks is strongly associated with reading ability, and there is increasing evidence that verbal task demands may be critical in explaining this relationship.The current study inves... |
In this paper, we study the problem of optimizing a two-layer artificial neural network that best fits a training dataset.We look at this problem in the setting where the number of parameters is greater than the number of sampled points.We show that for a wide class of differentiable activation functions, we have that ... | This paper talks about theoretical properties of first-order optimal point of two layer neural network in over-parametrized case |
temporally, indicating that cofilin may play an important role in the destabilisation of actin foci and the regulation of nanotopography sensing.To test this hypothesis, we knocked down cofilin in GEβ3 cells before seeding on nanofibrous patterns.We observed that cells in which cofilin expression was reduced became ins... | The nanotopography and nanoscale geometry of the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) are important regulators of cell adhesion, motility and fate decision.However, unlike the sensing of matrix mechanics and ECM density, the molecular processes regulating the direct sensing of the ECM nanotopography and nanoscale geometry are n... |
able to communicate with each other under basal and high glucose conditions via exosomes.The exposure of MM6-BG to exoHUVEC-HG or exoHUVEC-BG significantly increased the expression of ICAM-1 in these cells.Again, this may suggest that exosomes per se activate monocytes, i.e. increased their ICAM-1 expression, independe... | Exosomes are nanovesicles, allow communication between endothelial cells and monocytes and have been associated with diabetic complications.In this study we evaluated whether high glucose can activate monocytes and endothelial cells and whether exosomes play a role in this activation.Moreover, we studied whether endoth... |
principle component analysis, presented in Fig. 2.Four major clusters were evident.Clusters I and IV comprised some of the gene bank materials as well as all five released varieties.All of the gene bank materials grouped together in Clusters II, III and IV.The landraces also grouped in Cluster III, apart from ICP 13076... | In this study, 48 polymorphic SSR markers were used to assess the diversity among all pigeonpea varieties cultivated in Malawi to determine if a genetic fingerprint could be identified to distinguish the popular varieties.Conclusion: Screening of the allelic data associated with the five most popular cultivated varieti... |
yielding medium duration variety, which farmers prefer due to its relatively good insect resistance.ICP 9145 is a Kenyan landrace and one of the first varieties to be introduced to Malawi in 1987.It is high yielding and has resistance to Fusarium wilt .From the neighbor-joining tree the most commonly cultivated varieti... | It is mainly cultivated in the semi-arid tropics of Asia and Oceania, Africa and America.However, varietal contamination due to natural outcrossing causes significant quality reduction and yield losses.A neighbor-joining tree produced 4 clusters.The most commonly cultivated varieties, which include released varieties a... |
with urokinase in vitro.In-vivo urokinase utilizing in the blood of treated mice showed a decreased number of CTC clusters compared to the control.Therefore, the results suggest that urokinase disintegrates CTC clusters into individual CTCs .However, some researchers do not agree with disaggregation of CTC clusters in ... | Tumor metastasis is responsible for the vast majority of cancer-associated morbidities and mortalities.Recent studies have disclosed the higher metastatic potential of circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters than single CTCs.Despite long-term study on metastasis, the characterizations of its most potent cellular drivers,... |
and over-staffing, and validating staffing methods across a range of hospitals.Operational research techniques could be brought in to help address these issues alongside traditional methods.The operational research approach can help structure the problem, deal with complexity and perform numerical experiments before im... | Despite a long history of health services research that indicates that having sufficient nursing staff on hospital wards is critical for patient safety, and sustained interest in nurse staffing methods, there is a lack of agreement on how to determine safe staffing levels.For an alternative viewpoint, we look to a sepa... |
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