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High-resolution detectors are used in relative dosimetry, such as dose profile measurements, to correctly characterize the penumbra regions with steep dose gradient .Due to the increasing use of small fields in state-of-the-art radiation therapy, high resolution detectors are also employed to obtain the small field out... | This chamber replaces the previous model (PTW 31014), where the diameter of the central electrode has been increased from 0.3 to 0.6 mm and the guard ring has been redesigned.The shifts of the effective point of measurement (EPOM) from the chamber's reference point were determined by comparison of the measured PDD with... |
the Monte-Carlo package EGSnrc with the user code egs_chamber.The chambers were modelled according to the blueprints provided by the manufacturer, including the guard rings.To systematically study the influence of the central electrode on the correction factor, three models of the PTW 31023 chamber with different inner... | Results: The shifts of the EPOM from the reference point, Δz, are found to be −0.55 (6 MV) and −0.56 (10 MV) in the radial orientation and −0.97 mm (6 MV) and −0.91 mm (10 MV) in the axial orientation.All values of Δz have an uncertainty of 0.1 mm.The σ values are 0.80 mm (axial), 0.75 mm (radial lateral) and 1.76 mm (... |
in the DIN 6800-2 for measurements in axial orientation.However, due to the construction of this chamber, i.e. the length of its air cavity is 2.5 times greater than its diameter, it should be positioned axially for relative profile measurements as recommended by the recent TRS 483 for which the EPOM have been determin... | Introduction: The aim of the present work is to perform dosimetric characterization of a novel vented PinPoint ionization chamber (PTW 31023, PTW-Freiburg, Germany).Correction factors for reference and non-reference measurement conditions were examined.Materials and methods: Measurements and calculations of the correct... |
change could then introduce tensile or compressive stress in the migrated region, which would fracture the intergranular oxide and decrease its protectiveness.The second one is that Cr was depleted in the migrated grain boundary and protective oxide was difficult to form, resulting in faster intergranular oxidation.The... | Oxidation and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of 316L stainless steel were studied in simulated pressurized water reactor primary water.Surface, crack flank, and crack tip oxides were analyzed and compared by high-resolution characterization, including oxidation state mapping.All oxides were found to have a triplex str... |
on the relationship between transport location and real estate prices.By building on previous research, they demonstrate a decrease in the willingness-to-pay for proximity on purchasing prices decreased by 42.5% for dwellings in Athens during the ongoing financial crisis between 2011 and 2013.Clearly, the time of analy... | This paper estimates the willingness-to-pay for anticipated journey-time savings introduced by the Crossrail intervention in the London Borough of Ealing.Given Crossrail remains under construction, we estimate how the anticipated benefit of Crossrail's announcement enters the house price determination process.Anticipat... |
of listening to speech while in noise themselves.In the former case, participants experienced Lombard speech.In the latter, they did not, and we propose that a Lombard listening mode might only be triggered if the characteristics of the speech signal resemble speech plausibly produced in noise.Our perception experiment... | Some locations are probabilistically associated with certain types of speech.Most speech that is encountered in a car, for example, will have Lombard-like characteristics as a result of having been produced in the context of car noise.We examine the hypothesis that the association between cars and Lombard speech will t... |
that the mixing activity is very low.At a distance 7D downstream of the nozzle exit, all cases are showing a double peak for the PDFs.The M0 case has a very high probability at a value close to 0.5, followed by the TR case with a high probability for a value close to 0.65.All the other cases have their first peak for a... | Plasma-controlled turbulent jets are investigated by means of Implicit Large–Eddy Simulations at a Reynolds number equal to 460,000 (based on the diameter of the jet and the centreline velocity at the nozzle exit).Eight Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma actuators located just before the nozzle exit are used as ... |
rats become equally efficient as controls to terminate an acute stress response.This competency complies well with previous results where BPA-treated males exhibited similar behavioral coping and corticosterone responses to stress as the untreated animals.The finding that a short-term stress can modify FKBP51 levels de... | In rats, perinatal BPA exposure modifies stress response in pubertal offspring via unknown mechanisms.Similar effects were obtained in a male hippocampal cell line when exposed to BPA during differentiation.The estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182,780 or ERβ knock-down affected Fkbp5 expression and methylation sim... |
Pulmonary fibrosis is a condition with injured lesions and scars, which cannot work properly and make it difficult to breathe due to the disability of the lungs to carry oxygen to the bloodstream.The most common symptoms are shortness of breath and dry cough.These symptoms may be mild or even in the early stages.It may... | Lung fibrosis is a chronic and intermittent pulmonary disease, caused by damage to the lung parenchyma due to inflammation and fibrosis.Each group was divided into six subgroups include control, Epi 100 mg/kg, BLM, and BLM groups pretreated with 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg Epi, respectively, from three days before until 7 or ... |
GPX activity in a dose-dependent manner.These effects were at the same level compared to the BLM group and showed significant recovery.BLM reduced lung tissue GSH levels in comparison with the control group.Epi in doses 50 and 100 mg/kg increased GSH levels, whereas the treatment with Epi 25 mg/kg had no effect.BLM inc... | Accordingly, animals were randomly assigned into two groups of 7 and 14 days to evaluate the role of Epi in the early oxidative and late fibrotic phases of BLM-induced pulmonary injury, respectively.Epi exerted protective effects against BLM-induced pulmonary injury in a dose-dependent manner in two early and late phas... |
gain by improving the damage induced by BLM.A significant increase in lung index on day 7 may be due to the role of both inflammation and pro-fibrotic lesions.Pretreatment with Epi, especially with dose 100 mg/kg in the BLM lung injury model, has shown the best reversing effect according to increase the activity of GPX... | Epicatechin (Epi) as a flavonoid has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Epi on oxidative stress, inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin (BLM) in mice.Finally, it is concluded that Epi can protect the lung against BLM-induced pulmonary oxidat... |
voice research more generally, by optionally exporting a wealth of intermediate signals and analysis results in convenient data formats.With extra multichannel hardware, FonaDyn supports the acquisition of additional signals in parallel and in synchrony, such as pressure, respiration, larynx height tracking, etc., for ... | From soft to loud and low to high, the mechanisms of human voice have many degrees of freedom, making it difficult to assess phonation from the acoustic signal alone.FonaDyn is a research tool that combines acoustics with electroglottography (EGG).It characterizes and visualizes in real time the dynamics of EGG wavefor... |
Complex vasculobiliary injuries constitute 12–61% of biliary injuries, most commonly following laparoscopic cholecystectomy .They present a formidable challenge to the multidisciplinary team treating these patients.During management, complete right and left hepatic arterial occlusion due to accidental coil migration du... | Introduction: Complete proper hepatic arterial [PHA] occlusion due to accidental coil migration during embolization of cystic artery stump pseudoaneurysm resulting from a complex vasculobiliary injurie [CVBI] post laparoscopic cholecystectomy [LC] is an extremely rare complication with less than 15 cases reported.We pr... |
so far, to the best of our knowledge.Proper hepatic arterial injury induces biliary ischaemia and worsens a biliary injury.The hepatic ischemia is usually transient.The effect is more profound when the biliary confluence is disrupted along with a proper hepatic artery injury, since the hilar marginal collateral is also... | Multiple collaterals had developed.Minimum hilar dissection ensured preservation of collateral supply to the biliary enteric anastomosis.Discussion: Definitive biliary enteric repair should be delayed till collateral circulation is established within the hilar plate, hepatoduodenal ligament and perihepatic/peribiliary ... |
Advances in nanomaterial synthesis have led to the development of solar cells that can potentially combine high efficiency with lower production costs than conventional cells."One example is the dye sensitised solar cell, first demonstrated in 1991 by O'Regen and Grätzel , which uses nano-structured TiO2 to enhance the... | CdTe/CdSe and CdSe/CdTe core/shell colloidal quantum dots, both with and without a second CdS shell, have been synthesised and characterised by absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopies, scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.Each type of quantum dot had a zinc blende crystal structure an... |
it is unlikely that CTAB would have affected this cell fraction.Only minor fractions of CTAB were recovered as FFA, and phospholipid, with 25.61 ± 6.05% of CTAB remaining on the column.This data suggests that the adsorbed CTAB did not significantly affect the composition of the lipid fraction.Therefore, CTAB must have ... | Foam flotation is an effective and energy efficient method of harvesting microalgae.Surprisingly, the quantities of lipid recovered from microalgae harvested by foam flotation using the surfactant cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), were significantly higher than from cells harvested by centrifugation.Further, cell... |
in Training schools.iLEAPS also supports participants from developing countries to conferences and training schools to ensure truly global coverage.The iLEAPS newsletter with a hard-copy circulation of ca. 3000 and available online to the whole community and beyond highlights important aspects of iLEAPS work to large a... | The integrated land ecosystem-atmosphere processes study (iLEAPS) is an international research project focussing on the fundamental processes that link land-atmosphere exchange, climate, the water cycle, and tropospheric chemistry.The project, iLEAPS, was established 2004 within the International Geosphere-Biosphere Pr... |
one function parameter in the probability distribution function and the parameter name must be “aa”, “bb” or “cc” corresponding to the first, second or the third fitting parameter.Remind also that, a sample file for the AMIDAS code can be downloaded from the AMIDAS website.For doing Bayesian fitting, users need to set ... | In this paper, we give a detailed user's guide to the AMIDAS (A Model-Independent Data Analysis System) package and website, which is developed for online simulations and data analyses for direct Dark Matter detection experiments and phenomenology.Recently, the whole AMIDAS package and website system has been upgraded ... |
robots .With the ability to incorporate enhanced hardware and AI/machine learning to carry out many everyday jobs, smart automation now enables the discovery of new molecules and improvements to existing chemical synthesis .In addition, AI/machine learning coupled with ‘big data’-generating systems will, and already ca... | There is a growing drive in the chemistry community to exploit rapidly growing robotic technologies along with artificial intelligence-based approaches.Applying this to chemistry requires a holistic approach to chemical synthesis design and execution.Here, we outline a universal approach to this problem beginning with ... |
stress.However, it is important to note that an oxide would generate a compressive lateral stress which must be balanced by a tensile stress present deeper into the matrix.Therefore, if the oxide is intergranular a lateral compressive stress is generated which is balanced by a tensile stress ahead of the oxide along th... | Analytical electron microscopy was employed to characterize the early stages of oxidation to aid in developing an understanding of the stress corrosion cracking behaviour of this alloy.The measurements of residual stresses at the microscopic level using a recently-developed FIB micro-hole drilling technique revealed a ... |
According to the ambitious targets of climate change mitigation made in the Paris Agreement, there is a need for rapid and effective reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions.The Paris Agreement aims at holding the increase in the global average temperature well below 2 °C, compared to pre-industrial levels, and pu... | However, the DFs of individual products and their production volumes could not be used alone to evaluate the climate impacts of forest utilization.For this reason, in this study we have developed a methodology to assess a required displacement factor (RDF) for all wood products and bioenergy manufactured and harvested ... |
of INT1 the corresponding emissions will be clearly smaller, i.e. 367 Mt CO2 equivalents for the first 50 years and 696 Mt CO2 equivalents for the whole period.Finnish GHG emissions in 2015 were 55.6 Mt CO2 equivalents.Assumptions and uncertainties in models and their input data will contribute to the results of RDF.In... | A displacement factor (DF) may be used to describe the efficiency of using wood-based products or fuels instead of fossil-based ones to reduce net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.Input data for calculations were produced with the simulation model, Monsu, capable of predicting the carbon stocks of forests and wood-based ... |
5 V.The measurement was repeated with 1500 ns pulses and compared to NDMOS with gate grounded.In this case, the device capability is determined by avalanche breakdown of the vertical NDMOS.On-time of the clamp was also measured, and is approximately 1 μs.Qualification showed that the product passes 3 kV HBM and 750 V C... | In this paper we present the development of an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection supply clamp for an 802.3bt PD PoE controller.A characterization method for extending the System-Efficient ESD design (SEED) approach to surge pulses is presented and applied to the IC and externals.Finally an application diagram fo... |
that is taken up by each slice, which is always displayed in the Investigator View.The final percentages can be easily logged by the investigator, e.g., by taking a screen shot.In the Participant View, the participant uses the knobs to manipulate sizes of slices on the wheel.The participant is also able to use the rese... | A probability wheel app is intended to facilitate communication between two people, an “investigator” and a “participant”, about uncertainties inherent in decision-making.A user adjusts the sizes of the slices to indicate the relative value of the probabilities assigned to them.A probability wheel can improve the adjus... |
in persons with Mtb infection or active TB represents a possibility that must be considered when testing therapeutic TB vaccines on persons with active TB disease.The possibility of pulmonary and systemic inflammatory reactions , and the breakdown of granuloma structure potentially resulting in Mtb dissemination should... | Treatment failure and recurrence after end-of-treatment can have devastating consequences, including progressive debilitation, death, the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis – the infectious agent responsible for causing TB – to others, and may be associated with the development of drug-resistant TB.The burden o... |
time series of food availability.Trends in these variables may help to explain the increased likelihood of maturation at small lengths, but could not be considered in this study as the relevant data were not available.In light of the apparent correlation between regional differences in the fisheries and the rate of cha... | Probabilistic maturation reaction norms (PMRNs) were used to investigate the maturation schedules of cod, haddock and whiting in the Firth of Clyde to determine if typical lengths at maturation have changed significantly since 1986.Some potential sources of growth-independent plasticity were accounted for by including ... |
Prefrontal cortex is a part of the brain which is responsible for behavior repertoire.Inspired by PFC functionality and connectivity, as well as human behavior formation process, we propose a novel modular architecture of neural networks with a Behavioral Module and corresponding end-to-end training strategy. This appr... | Extendable Modular Architecture is proposed for developing of variety of Agent Behaviors in DQN. |
In this work, we propose a self-supervised method to learn sentence representations with an injection of linguistic knowledge.Multiple linguistic frameworks propose diverse sentence structures from which semantic meaning might be expressed out of compositional words operations.We aim to take advantage of this linguist ... | We aim to exploit the diversity of linguistic structures to build sentence representations. |
of the electric field occurs so fast that there is no excess ion diffusion in the direction of the field.This indicates that the electrode polarization and space charge effects are prevalent.The decrease of dielectric constants with increasing frequency is mainly attributed to the mis-match of interfacial polarization ... | Pure and VO2+ ions doped PVA/MAA:EA polymer blend films were prepared by a solution casting method.XRD pattern reveals an increase in amorphicity with increase in doping.The dTGA study shows an enhancement of thermal stability of the system with increase in dopant concentration.The optical absorption spectrum exhibits ... |
The presented data contains the microbial composition of a drinking water supply system for O'Kiep, Namaqualand, South Africa.Table 1 represents the bacterial composition of the source point at the lower Orange River while Table 2 shows the microbial composition of the treated water, distributed by a state owned agency... | The metagenomic data presented herein contains the bacterial community profile of a drinking water supply system (DWSS) supplying O'Kiep, Namaqualand, South Africa.Representative samples from the source (Orange River) to the point of use (O'Kiep), through a 150km DWSS used for drinking water distribution were analysed ... |
Rheumatoid arthritis is a progressive systemic inflammatory disease characterized by joint destruction and functional disability .RA occurs globally in about 1.0% of the general population, with 2–4-times higher prevalence in women than in men .Although the etiology of RA is not quite clear, some inflammatory cytokines... | Infliximab, an inhibitor of TNF-α, is one of the most widely used biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.Recent studies indicated that baseline serum TNF-α could be considered as a key indicator for optimal dosing of infliximab for RA treatment to achieve the clinical response and its sustained remission.The ... |
to 3.3 at 54 weeks, they discontinued infliximab.After the enrollment, the patients received 3 mg/kg infliximab at 0, 2, and 6 weeks.The dose of infliximab was selected based on baseline serum TNF-α.If serum TNF-α was less than 0.55 pg/mL, infliximab was kept at 3 mg/kg every 8 weeks after 14 weeks.If serum TNF-α was g... | The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients who kept discontinuation of infliximab 1 year after discontinued infliximab at the time of 54 weeks after the first administration of infliximab.The secondary endpoints are the proportion of clinical remission based on SDAI and changes in SDAI from baseline at each tim... |
time on crop monitoring and have a suboptimal timing of on-farm activities.We found that the number of plots had a significant, positive impact on TE.In other words, the potential positive TE impacts of having more plots as a way to adapt to variations in micro-level agro-climatic conditions outweighed the potential ne... | This traditional farming method generally results in a highly efficient use of land, but whether it also contributes to a higher technical efficiency remains unclear.Technical efficiency refers to the efficiency with which a given set of natural resources and other inputs can be used to produce crops.In this study, we ... |
statistical precision in the measurement data.Comparison of fit results with different codes does reveal biases that are not under statistical control.The preferred way of dealing with uncertainties in radionuclide metrology is to make for each peak a detailed uncertainty budget and perform proper uncertainty propagati... | Peak overlap is a recurrent issue in alpha-particle spectrometry, not only in routine analyses but also in the high-resolution spectra from which reference values for alpha emission probabilities are derived.In this work, improved peak shape formulae are presented for the deconvolution of alpha-particle spectra.They ha... |
also noted that these bacteria inhibit the growth of other microflora.By virtue of this inhibitory property, Kocuria has been successfully used to control Aeromonas salmonicida infection in rainbow trout.Therefore, this bacterium is a potential candidate constituent for future probiotic ingredients.Kocuria has already ... | In 2014 and 2016 in Poland a few disease outbreaks caused by Kocuria rhizophila and Micrococcus luteus were diagnosed in rainbow trout and brown trout.In each of these events, abnormal mortality (approximately 50%) was accompanied by pathological changes in external tissues and internal organs.In the majority of cases ... |
Many machine learning image classifiers are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, inputs with perturbations designed to intentionally trigger misclassification.Current adversarial methods directly alter pixel colors and evaluate against pixel norm-balls: pixel perturbations smaller than a specified magnitude, according to... | Enabled by a novel differentiable renderer, we propose a new metric that has real-world implications for evaluating adversarial machine learning algorithms, resolving the lack of realism of the existing metric based on pixel norms. |
100 ml of SKY4364 were grown to an OD600 of 0.5 in YPD media.Cells were split into two flasks, one untreated and one which was subjected to 0.02% MMS for 3 h. Cells were harvested and HIS6-tagged Ssa1 along with the associated interactome was isolated as follows: Protein was extracted via bead beating in 500 µl Binding... | The molecular chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp90 participate in many important cellular processes, including how cells respond to DNA damage.Here we show the results of applied quantitative affinity-purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS) proteomics to understand the protein network through which Hsp70 and Hsp90 exert their eff... |
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is a well-characterized human disease affecting the morphology and number of skin appendages, principally the hair follicles, teeth, and exocrine glands.HED, the most common of the ectodermal dysplasias, is caused by mutations to the ectodysplasin signaling pathway, which is essential ... | The highly conserved ectodysplasin A (EDA)/EDA receptor signaling pathway is critical during development for the formation of skin appendages.Mutations in genes encoding components of the EDA pathway disrupt normal appendage development, leading to the human disorder hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.Spontaneous mutati... |
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