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clusters than on the support.This is possibly because alloying-induced cluster strain effects are generally reduced when the clusters are pinned on the support.For example, the average Au-Au distance increases for TO38 clusters on the support by 0.03–0.05 Å when they bound to the support through Au atoms.Mechanical eff... | AuRh/TiO2 nanocatalysts have proved their efficiency in several catalytic reactions.In this work, density functional theory calculations are performed to investigate the effect of the TiO2 support on the structures of fcc 38-atom and 79-atom AuRh nanoalloys and their adsorption properties towards the reactant molecules... |
As a result of the CD28 superagonist TGN 1412 monoclonal antibody cytokine storm incident in 2006, cytokine release assays have become more commonly used as hazard identification and risk assessment tools for therapeutic candidates, particularly mAbs with the potential to elicit adverse pro-inflammatory cytokine respon... | In October 2013, the International Life Sciences Institute - Health and Environmental Sciences Institute Immunotoxicology Technical Committee (ILSI-HESI ITC) held a one-day workshop entitled, "Workshop on Cytokine Release: State-of-the-Science, Current Challenges and Future Directions".Topics presented encompassed a re... |
workshop, the Nonclinical Biologics Subcommittee at the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research of the FDA has initiated a Cytokine Release Data Mining Project to use both nonclinical and clinical cytokine data to determine if CRA formats are good predictors of clinical outcomes; the results from this project will be v... | The workshop brought together scientists from pharmaceutical, academic, health authority, and contract research organizations to discuss novel approaches and current challenges for the use of in vitro cytokine release assays (CRAs) for the identification of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) potential of novel monoclonal ... |
and child demographic information.On a periodic basis after a sufficient follow-up period had elapsed to ensure the outcomes of the sepsis evaluations were known, an analyst ran additional SQL scripts that extracted further information from the EHR database to assign each sepsis evaluation to one of six sepsis groups.T... | This article describes the process of extracting electronic health record (EHR) data into a format that supports analyses related to the timeliness of antibiotic administration.The de-identified data that accompanies this article were collected from a cohort of infants who were evaluated for possible sepsis in the Neon... |
especially with the households more tolerant to thermal discomfort.The level of open-cycle gas turbine capacity operated for those cases decreases significantly during the peak load period from the Reference scenario.Most of the scenarios cause the power producers to increase ramping of the thermal power plants up and ... | This paper assesses the potential effects TOU pricing will have on households and the wider economy.Based on an assumed TOU price that the power utility may charge during peak summer hours, the main findings of our analysis for the year 2011 are: |
grown under planktonic or biofilm conditions.To our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of confocal scanning laser microscopy to evaluate changes in the density of Fusarial biofilms following exposure to thyme and clove oils.As depicted in Fig. 2, untreated biofilm of F. oxysporum S-1187 exhibited a dense ne... | Fusarium infections, such as keratitis, are becoming increasingly difficult to control due to the build-up of resistance of fungi towards conventional antibiotics.Resistance is further enhanced by their ability to form fungal biofilms.Poor storage conditions and inadequate cleaning of contact lenses often lead to corne... |
on oxidative damaged Chang liver cells, the antioxidant activity may be due to the amino acid residue Tyr.Amino acid residue Tyr containing phenolic hydroxyl group can serve as strong hydrogen donor and is the driving force for scavenging free radicals and ROS.In addition, Amino acid residue Phe with an aromatic ring s... | Eight novel and three known antioxidant peptides isolated from protein hydrolysate of Moringa oleifera seeds, using ultrafiltration, anion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).The novel peptides were identified as Gly-Tyr (GY), Pro-Ph... |
Voltage-gated calcium channels consist of three subgroups, the CaV1, 2 and 3 classes.Most of these channels, apart from CaV1.1 which is a skeletal muscle channel, are involved in neuronal function, with their most prevalent functions being in excitation–transcription coupling, synaptic transmission, and regulation of n... | In this study we therefore examined whether the level or distribution of α2δ-1 was altered in the hippocampus following experimental induction of epileptic seizures in rats, using both the kainic acid model of human temporal lobe epilepsy, in which status epilepticus is induced, and the tetanus toxin model in which sta... |
do not act by mechanisms involving inhibition of GABA breakdown, or activation of GABA-A or GABA-B receptors.Furthermore GABA itself does not bind to the α2δ subunits that are now known to be the target for gabapentinoid drugs.Although it has been found that α2δ-1 is the target for the gabapentinoid drugs in the allevi... | The auxiliary α2δ-1 subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels is up-regulated in dorsal root ganglion neurons following peripheral somatosensory nerve damage, in several animal models of neuropathic pain.The α2δ-1 protein has a mainly presynaptic localization, where it is associated with the calcium channels involved i... |
the current study is conceptually similar to the visuomotor adaptation task reported by Galea et al.Participants in the current study learnt to adapt to a counter-clockwise force perturbation delivered by a robotic manipulandum during reaching movements and, after learning had taken place, to de-adapt to the removal of... | Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that alters cortical excitability in a polarity specific manner and has been shown to influence learning and memory.tDCS may have both on-line and after-effects on learning and memory, and the latter are thought to be based upo... |
typically associated with low potential evapotranspiration, low atmospheric water vapor content and reduced specific humidity, possibly reinforcing drought conditions through increasing surface latent-heat flux related to decreasing soil moisture and through diminished net primary productivity.Summer dust event days di... | A broader assessment of the potential emissivity of SHP soils reveals that disturbed surfaces begin to emit dust at a magnitude-higher rate than undisturbed surfaces as soon as the wind velocity reaches the threshold, increasing linearly with windspeed.Conversely, crusted undisturbed soil surfaces do not begin to reach... |
sandier, uncultivated soils of the Southern High Plains could be equal to or greater dust sources than cultivated fields during periods of intense aridity causing native vegetation mortality.Cultivated surfaces are seasonally unavailable dust sources either via crop cover or soil crust formation between agricultural tr... | Mineral dust aerosols are a key component of the Earth system and a growing public health concern under climate change, as levels of dustiness increase.Combined with experiment station reports from the Soil Conservation Service, reanalysis data products, and contemporary field surveys using a Portable In-Situ Wind Eros... |
analysis, it is possible to analyse the variation of the IC according to the variation of each input parameter.Fig. 7 shows that the heating base temperature and heating schedule are the parameters with the larger influence on the heating demand assessment of this case study.For example, the results show that the IC fo... | Municipalities play a key role in supporting Europe's energy transition towards a low-carbon economy.However, there is a lack of tools to allow municipalities to easily formulate a detailed energy vision for their city.Nevertheless, most municipalities have access to georeferenced cartographic and cadastre information,... |
used to investigate collagens expression after 8 weeks.It demonstrated that collagen organization present more in MBG/SF scaffolds compared with MBG/PCL composite scaffolds.OCN staining was used to test stem cell osteogenic differentiation abilities of composite scaffolds .As shown in Fig. 12, the results illustrated t... | The fabrication of bone tissue engineering scaffolds with high osteogenic ability and favorable mechanical properties is of huge interest.In this study, a silk fibroin (SF) solution of 30 wt% was extracted from cocoons and combined with mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) to fabricate MBG/SF composite scaffolds by 3D prin... |
further carbonation.The DAC experiments were performed for five cycles of calcination/ambient-carbonation in two sets of tests designated as DAC-CIN and DAC-COUT.The conversions for the cyclic experiments over time for DAC-CIN and DAC-COUT are shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, respectively, where higher carbonation conversio... | Carbonation of lime-based materials at high temperatures has been extensively explored in the processes for decarbonisation of the power and industrial sectors.Furthermore, faster weathering and higher conversions are demonstrated by hydrated lime, showing a carbonation conversion of 70% after 300 h. Importantly, it wa... |
effects on LC16m8-vaccinated animals, it caused disseminated vaccinia in macaques immunized with Dryvax.Furthermore, as both Dryvax and LC16m8 vaccines protect healthy macaques from a lethal monkeypox intravenous challenge, their data identify LC16m8 as a safer and effective alternative to ACAM2000 and Dryvax vaccines ... | Background: Attenuated vaccinia virus strain, LC16m8, defective in the B5R envelope protein gene, is used as a stockpile smallpox vaccine strain in Japan against bioterrorism: the defect in the B5R gene mainly contributes to its highly attenuated properties.Methods: The protective activity of LC16m8 vaccine against cha... |
Silica-based optical fibers are used for a large variety of applications ranging from high speed, high bandwidth data communications , diagnostics to point or distributed temperature or strain sensing .Most of these applications exploit their low attenuation that typically ranges below one dB km−1 at infrared telecom w... | Under irradiation, the macroscopic properties of the optical fibers are modified through three main basic mechanisms: the radiation induced attenuation, the radiation induced emission and the radiation induced refractive index change.Considering the strong impact of radiation on key applications such as data transfer o... |
to very high fluences of fast neutrons, above 1019 n.cm−2 and to high doses of associated gamma radiations .RIA corresponds to an increase of the fiber attenuation when exposed to radiation.RIA levels and kinetics depend on many parameters that are reviewed in Fig. 1 and explain why this research domain is still strong... | Silica-based optical fibers, fiber-based devices and optical fiber sensors are today integrated in a variety of harsh environments associated with radiation constraints.Depending on the fiber profile of use, these phenomena differently contribute to the degradation of the fiber performances and then have to be either m... |
phosphosilicate glasses are well adapted to dosimetry applications as well as a host matrix for active optical fibers.Hardening studies on Er and Er-Yb fiber amplifiers show that the P-related defects, especially P1-centers, can be efficiently bleached by the hydrogen-loading of the glass or by Ce-codoping .Another par... | Consequently, identifying the nature, the properties and the generation and bleaching mechanisms of these point defects is mandatory in order to imagine ways to control the fiber radiation behaviors.Our current knowledge about the nature and optical properties of the point defects related to silica and these main dopan... |
Osteochondromas or exostoses are the most common benign tumours of bone.They account for 35%–46% of all benign neoplasms of bone .This bone protuberance is generally found in the immature skeleton of children and adolescents, and their growth usually ceases when skeletal maturity is reached .According to the World Heal... | Introduction: Osteochondroma also known as exostosis is one of the most common benign bone tumours, and are characterized by bone protuberances surrounded by a cartilage layer.Scapula localization of solitary exostosis is relatively rare.Surgical excision is an excellent treatment option for symptomatic patients with s... |
The Caspian Sea, which is located in the northern I.R. Iran, is the largest lake in the world and is connected to the distant Baltic through canals and the River Volga.It is unique closed water basin, plays the important role in the establishment of the climate.The Anzali Wetland, located on the southern coast of the C... | The concentrations of mercury were below the limits for fish proposed by United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Health Organization (WHO), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and European Union (EU).Lead concentrations in Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cy... |
0.020 kg/day of Schizocypris altidorsalis and 0.019 kg/day of Schizothorax zardunyi there is no potential health risk.Tap: time averaging period,MS: meal size,The results show that for mercury, the Maximum Allowable Fish Consumption Rate is related to Hemiculter Leucisculus.The results of the present study aimed to pro... | The aim of this study is determination of mercury concentration in the muscle, intestine, gonad and kidney of Rutilus rutilus, Hemiculter Leucisculus (Anzali wetland), and Alosa Caspia Caspia (Caspian Sea), and mercury and lead concentrations in the muscle of Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalmichthys... |
ventricular dilatation ; MRI: periventricular hemorrhagic infarction, cPVL, PHVD, large cerebellar hemorrhage ).The Kidokoro global score was calculated based on the MRI at term-equivalent age as a marker for injury severity and maturation.The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition was used to a... | Brain injury was assessed with sequential cranial ultrasound (cUS) and MRI at term-equivalent age.Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed with the BSITD-III (2 years) and WPPSI-III-NL (5 years).No relation was found between the median total duration of each pattern and injury on cUS and MRI or cognition at 2 and 5 year... |
an effect on PEDs in our cohort.It should be noted that this study has some limitations.First, we only assessed the EEG at the markers placed by the seizure detection algorithm of the BrainZ monitor.We chose to do so because in everyday clinic, assessment of long-term EEG recordings is mostly limited to the parts where... | Objective Classify rhythmic EEG patterns in extremely preterm infants and relate these to brain injury and outcome.Patterns detected by the BrainZ seizure detection algorithm were categorized: ictal discharges, periodic epileptiform discharges (PEDs) and other waveforms.Results Rhythmic patterns were observed in 62.3% ... |
From all the events which occur daily, only a few are deemed to be newsworthy enough to be reported as news in traditional print newspapers or online.Those stories which are picked up by the press usually have special attributes, such as their unexpectedness, their major negative consequences, their effect on the socia... | Items featured in the news usually have a particular novelty or describe events which result in severe impact.Here, the length of time that a story remains in the media spotlight is investigated as well as the scaling with population size of the amount of attention that the media gives to stories from different cities. |
≈ 0.62 showing that coverage is given to smaller cities but this behaviour changes by the end of the third week when β ≈ 1.Then β goes back to nearly the values observed before the earthquake, so larger cities are again the ones that create more news.It has been found that the producers of the most popular online newsp... | The amount of coverage given to earthquake-related stories had an initial peak and then exhibited an exponential decay, dropping by half every eight days.Furthermore, the coverage per person usually exhibits a superlinear scaling with population size, so that stories about larger cities are more likely to appear in the... |
Long-term memories are thought to be stored in the brain in specific neural networks that have been modified during learning or consolidation to alter their outputs relative to the naive state.These networks are known as memory engrams.Because formation and consolidation of LTMs requires de novo transcription and trans... | However, the interaction between transcription factors required for LTM, including CREB and c-Fos, and activating kinases such as phosphorylated ERK (pERK) in the establishment of memory engrams has been unclear.Formation of LTM of an aversive olfactory association in flies requires repeated training trials with rest i... |
coincidently activated neurons differ from other neurons because they activate c-Fos/CREB cycling, which then likely induces expression of downstream factors required for memory maintenance.Thus, memory engram cells can be identified by the colocalization of c-Fos, CREB, and pERK activities.Inhibiting synaptic outputs ... | Training-dependent increases in c-fos have been used to identify engram cells encoding long-term memories (LTMs).Here, we find that prolonged rest interval-dependent increases in pERK induce transcriptional cycling between c-Fos and CREB in a subset of KCs in the mushroom bodies, where olfactory associations are made a... |
Small ruminants play an essential role in improving the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in developing countries, providing meat, fibre, milk, skin/leather, manure and short-term cash income.The global population of small ruminants is concentrated in South Asia and Sub Saharan Africa, which are the focus of this pape... | Small ruminants such as goats are an important source of income for smallholder farmers in South Asia and Sub Saharan Africa: they may be kept as a stepping stone to owning larger and higher-value animals such as cattle or buffalo, or provide a more-profitable and less-risky alternative in marginal or densely populated... |
establishment of oversown legumes although there is evidence of successful establishment in African communal grazing lands.Further increases in production were achievable in more intensive systems through supplementation with cereal straw and crop by-products.Targeted supplementation of specific classes of livestock ha... | However, smallholder goat production in these areas is often low due to low growth and reproduction rates and high animal mortality.Packages were based on improved nutrition, reduced flock mortality from improved control of health and diseases, and replacing indigenous livestock with improved goat breeds.Our analysis s... |
the temperature dependence of the creep rate is an important aspect to consider if ice temperatures range from −9 °C to temperatures close to the melting point.The approach of Cox worked well in this study even though it was based on a small set of data.There is potential for further improvement based on better knowled... | Static ice loads (ice actions) are a key design parameter for dams in cold climates.However, their theoretical description is still elusive, introducing uncertainty in design and hindering development of remediation measures.We present and analyze measurements of stresses due to thermal loads in a small reservoir in no... |
This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the TreatFOOD study among 1609 children with MAM.The activity measures were registered as a secondary outcome.The study was conducted in the Province du Passoré, Burkina Faso, at 5 local health centers and a nongovernmental organization.Children were screened by ... | Study design In a cross-sectional study, 1609 children aged 6-23 months wore a triaxial accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3x+; ActiGraph, Pensacola, Florida) for 6 consecutive days, from which total physical activity were determined.Data on morbidity were collected based by history and physical examination, and serum C-reacti... |
in the study from September 2013 to August 2014, after consent from caretakers.Of the 1609 enrolled, 29% of children were enrolled based on MUAC only, 50% based on WHZ and MUAC, and 21% based on WHZ only, as previously reported.20,Among these, 1544 children had baseline physical activity data and were included in the a... | Results A total of 1544 (96%) children had physical activity measured, of whom 1498 (97%) completed 6 consecutive days of physical activity recording with a daily median wear time of 24 hours.Age was negatively correlated with physical activity; compared with children below 12 months of age, those 12-17 months of age, ... |
activity, possibly because all children included in this cohort had anthropometric measures within the narrow MAM range.Breastfed children, who were younger, seemed to be more active.Although this could have been influenced by the children being carried, both the age and the breastfeeding effects remained significant a... | Objective To assess the levels of physical activity among young children with moderate acute malnutrition and to identify clinical, biochemical, anthropometric, and sociodemographic correlates of physical activity.Fever and malaria were associated with 49 (95% CI, 27; 70) and 44 (95% CI, 27; 61) cpm lower activity, res... |
the hardness of the tablets.Studies by Sugimoto et al. demonstrate that mannitol absorbed little moisture upon increase in relative humidity compared to excipients such as glucose or sorbitol.The results in Fig. 4 show that the tablets incorporating freeze-dried vesicles can be formatted as rapid disintegrating tablets... | Within this work, we develop vesicles incorporating sub-unit antigens as solid dosage forms suitable for the oral delivery of vaccines.Using a combination of trehalose, dextran and mannitol, freeze-dried oral disintegrating tablets were formed which upon rehydration release bilayer vesicles incorporating antigen.Initia... |
efficiently escape the neutralizing antibodies?,Additionally, there is a need for characterization of the exo-AAV preparations.It is unclear the extent to which membrane components could be contaminating the exo-AAV preparation.It is possible that the inclusion of membrane components in addition to DMEM could alter the... | However, in vivo spreading of exosomes and AAVs after intracerebral administration is poorly understood.This study provides an assessment and comparison of the spreading into the brain of exosome-enveloped AAVs (exo-AAVs) or unassociated AAVs (std-AAVs) through in vivo optical imaging techniques like probe-based confoc... |
in non-cardiomyocyte population.A semi-quantitative estimation of Hsp70, Hsp90, CaN, Calp and SarcAct levels in cells was determined by Western blotting.The results obtained showed insignificant changes in the expression levels in proteins studied.The absence of currently used methodologies or technologies to determine... | Objective: Calcineurin (CaN) interacts with calpains (Calpn) and causes cellular damage eventually leading to cell death.Calpastatin (Calp) is a specific Calpn inhibitor, along with CaN stimulation has been implicated in reduced cell death and self-repair.Molecular chaperones, heat shock proteins (Hsp70 and Hsp90) acts... |
Generative modeling of high dimensional data like images is a notoriously difficult and ill-defined problem.In particular, how to evaluate a learned generative model is unclear.In this paper, we argue that *adversarial learning*, pioneered with generative adversarial networks, provides an interesting framework to impli... | Parametric adversarial divergences implicitly define more meaningful task losses for generative modeling, we make parallels with structured prediction to study the properties of these divergences and their ability to encode the task of interest. |
by the density difference of the leaked gas and ambient air.This study also demonstrated the effect of the leakage rate on the gas spread.The nondimensional concentration profiles normalized by Cin had almost the same profiles under the condition of the leakage rate of the gas of approximately 1.4 × 10−3 ≤ Wm ≤ 4.0 × 1... | This study proposes a new numerical formulation of the spread of a flammable gas leakage.A new numerical approach has been applied to establish fundamental data for a hazard assessment of flammable gas spread in an enclosed residential space.The approach employs an extended version of a two-compartment concept, and det... |
rates that have not changed in the past 60 years – a result largely due to lack of available therapies that can both navigate anatomical barriers and not adversely impact delicate neuronal tissue.The rapid advances in cancer immunotherapies represent a promising frontier in the potential treatment of these otherwise in... | Malignant brain tumors represent one of the most devastating forms of cancer with abject survival rates that have not changed in the past 60 years.This is partly because the brain is a critical organ, and poses unique anatomical, physiological, and immunological barriers.The unique interplay of these barriers also prov... |
Intramural hematomas of the gastrointestinal tract are uncommom, mostly located in the esophagus or duodenum, being of idiophatic origin or secondary to a condition or intervention.A gastric intramural hematoma is very rare, with only few previous case reports .A very unusual case of GIH is presented, with literature r... | Introduction: Intramural hematomas of the gastrointestinal tract are uncommom, usually located in the esophagus or duodenum, with idiophatic or secondary causes.Discussion: The postulated mechanism for the bleeding in gastric intramural hematoma is shredding of terminal arteries at the point of penetration into the mus... |
be extrapolated for the present case, despite of the different cause.Thus, our patient would be classified as grade 1 lesion, with the suggestion of conservative care, which was performed, with the additional correction of the aortic dissection/rupture.Endoscopy plays a key role in the investigation of GIH, especially ... | We present a very rare case of gastric intramural hematoma caused by an unpublished etiology, with literature review.Case presentation: An elderly woman suffered acute thoracic aorta dissection followed by gastric intramural hematoma, diagnosed through endoscopy and computed tomography angiography.The treatment include... |
Self-training is one of the earliest and simplest semi-supervised methods.The key idea is to augment the original labeled dataset with unlabeled data paired with the model’s prediction.Self-training has mostly been well-studied to classification problems.However, in complex sequence generation tasks such as machine tra... | We revisit self-training as a semi-supervised learning method for neural sequence generation problem, and show that self-training can be quite successful with injected noise. |
The world's largest Cu–Ni–PGE resources are hosted by large layered intrusions such as the Bushveld Complex, Noril'sk Camp, Sudbury Igneous Complex or the Duluth Complex.The volumetrically important base and precious metal ores in these intrusions were produced by segregation, fractionation and settling of immiscible m... | In the Neoarchean (~ 2.7 Ga) contact metamorphosed charnockitic footwall of the Mesoproterosoic (1.1 Ga) South Kawishiwi intrusion of the Duluth Complex, the primary metamorphic mineral assemblage and Cu-Ni-PGE sulfide mineralization is overprinted by an actinolite + chlorite + cummingtonite + prehnite + pumpellyite + ... |
calcite II can be considered as the last phase to precipitate during hydrothermal fluid flow.Pure or nearly pure CO2-bearing inclusions are common in charnockites.Pressure and temperature conditions of trapping, calculated for carbonic inclusions, are generally consistent with the P and T conditions of the host rock; t... | The presence of chalcopyrite inclusions in these fluid inclusions and in the trails of these fluid inclusion assemblages confirms that at least on local scale these fluids played a role in base metal remobilization.The composition of the formational fluids in the Canadian Shield is comparable with the composition of th... |
have been reported from the Layered and Anorthositic Series of the Partridge River intrusion and SKI.These studies suggested that one type of hydrothermal fluids was probably Ca-bearing, high salinity fluid, based on the calcic alteration around the chlorite veins in plagioclase feldspars.Based on fluid inclusion studi... | In calcite, hosted by the hydrothermal alteration zones and in a single recrystallized quartz porphyroblast, four different fluid inclusion assemblages are documented; the composition of these fluid inclusions provide p-T conditions of the fluid flow, and helps to define the origin of the fluids and evaluate their role... |
amorphous Al-rich-A-S-H type gel, while the zeolitic phases faujasite-Na, and partially Sr-substituted zeolite Na-A were observed as additional phases for geopolymer gels cured at 80 °C.The-A-S-H type gel comprises Al and Si in tetrahedral coordination, with Si in Q4 and Q4 sites, and Na+ and K+ located within extra-fr... | Radioactive waste streams containing 90Sr, from nuclear power generation and environmental cleanup operations, are often immobilised in cements to limit radionuclide leaching.Due to poor compatibility of certain wastes with Portland cement, alternatives such as alkali aluminosilicate ‘geopolymers’ are being investigate... |
There are more than 4 million neonatal deaths annually and a third are caused by severe bacterial disease, which mainly presents as sepsis .In sub-Saharan Africa, the limited available data show that neonatal sepsis is caused by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria , although more than half of the cases are at... | We conducted a phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial to determine the impact of giving one oral dose of azithromycin to Gambian women in labour on the nasopharyngeal carriage of S. aureus, GBS or S. pneumoniae in the newborn at day 6 postpartum.They were followed for 8 weeks and samples were coll... |
newborns at day 6.Case-report-forms and laboratory forms were reviewed before being double entered into OpenClinica.The analysis was carried out using Stata.We compared the prevalence of bacterial carriage in mothers and newborns allocated to the azithromycin and placebo groups.Additional analyses included carriage acq... | No maternal deaths were observed.No serious adverse events related to the intervention were reported.According to the intent-to-treat analysis, prevalence of nasopharyngeal carriage of the bacteria of interest in the newborns at day 6 was lower in the intervention arm (28.3% versus 65.1% prevalence ratio 0.43; 95% CI 0... |
The Gambia, after mass campaigns of azithromycin treatment, S. pneumoniae macrolide resistance returned to baseline levels within 6 months .Still, the selection of resistance after azithromycin treatment should be closely monitored in future studies because if larger studies show an effect on severe clinical outcomes, ... | Bacterial sepsis remains a leading cause of death among neonates with Staphylococcus aureus, group B streptococcus (GBS) and Streptococcus pneumoniae identified as the most common causative pathogens in Africa.Asymptomatic bacterial colonization is an intermediate step towards sepsis.Study participants were recruited i... |
participants behaved ; our interpretation of this behaviour ; and our degree of positivity in communicating our results .We took specific steps to address these potential problems, and in doing so believe we present a balanced and detailed critique of PINGR.On reflection, author BB found his position may have afforded ... | Introduction Electronic audit and feedback (e-A&F) systems are used worldwide for care quality improvement.They measure health professionals’ performance against clinical guidelines, and some systems suggest improvement actions.However, little is known about optimal interface designs for e-A&F, in particular how to pre... |
Insulinomas are tumors originating from pancreatic beta cells, which are located in the pancreas in 99% of cases.They are characterized by the excessive and rapid production of insulin with a long half-life that is not regulated by glycemia .This type of neuroendocrine tumor represents an unusual but usually curable ca... | Introduction: Insulinomas are neuroendocrine tumors characterized by an excessive secretion of insulin, and its most common primary site is the pancreas.Presentation of the case: Female, 31 years old, who underwent surgical resection of a pancreatic insulinoma measuring 0.5 × 0.5 cm during the third trimester of pregna... |
should be located through the image to determine its staging and to plan the most appropriate therapeutic approach.In general, abdominal ultrasonography is performed as the initial examination.It is a simple, operator-dependent exam whose sensitivity varies between 23 and 63%, depending on the size and location of the ... | The patient started to present characteristic symptoms (hypoglycemia, adrenergic and neuroglycopenic symptoms) 18 months before being referred to our center.It was decided to resect the lesion due to the intensity of the symptoms and failure of the clinical treatment.The postoperative course was uneventful, and the fet... |
diagrams.The values for local diffusion distances above would suggest that while the diffusion of hydrogen controls the process of precipitation at temperatures below 0 °C, the presence of rapid diffusion at temperatures relevant to fuel assemblies would mean that diffusion is never rate limiting.This explains the extr... | High-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction was used to investigate the isothermal precipitation of δ-hydride platelets in Zircaloy-4 at a range of temperatures relevant to reactor conditions, during both normal operation and thermal transients.From an examination of the rate kinetics of the precipitation process, precip... |
study .The P. aeruginosa specimens isolated from a burn unit in Kurdistan indicated that 22% of burn-wound samples were siderophore carriers .However, the rate at which our study isolated P. aeruginosa–producing siderophores from burn-wound culture was much higher, at 56.4%.This may show that using imipenem and vancomy... | Siderophores secreted by nonfermentative negative bacilli such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa are capable of increasing rates of resistance to carbapenem antibiotics.Furthermore, the resistance of these isolates to antibiotics has been enhanced by producing siderophores, and their frequencies have erratic patterns.We studie... |
formation and maintenance mechanisms of the N-LLJ, which is found over the state of Indiana on 1st October 2014.The ensemble approach is evaluated by comparing the ensemble simulations to the single-initial-condition simulation.The results suggest that the ensemble simulations are better at reproducing the N-LLJ than a... | The northerly low-level jets often occur in the Great Lakes region of the United States during the cold season.Usually, the jets are closely related to winter snowstorms, wildfire spreading and air pollution dispersion.However, our knowledge on the northerly low-level jets is quite limited.In this study, an ensemble si... |
was used at 1:10,000 diluted in 1% normal goat serum.After washing, sections were incubated with secondary antibodies, goat anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 594, or goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 488 at 1:500 dilution.Sections were mounted on superfrost plus coated microscope slides, coverslipped using EverBrite Hardset Mounting M... | The resultant expanded polyglutamine stretch in the mutant ataxin-3 protein causes a gain of toxic function, which eventually leads to neurodegeneration.One important function of ataxin-3 is its involvement in the proteasomal protein degradation pathway, and long-term downregulation of the protein may therefore not be ... |
by SEM equipped with an EDXS and was reported in Fig. 16.As shown in Fig. 16, the surface suffers from an intensive localised corrosion attack of the oxide layer grown on the eutectic region.The corrosion propagation path was revealed by applying FIB-SEM in a cross-section view, as shown in Fig. 17.The corrosion attack... | The anodised layer of Al-Si alloys produced by rheocasting was studied and compared to anodised traditional liquid casting in this paper.The anodising was performed in 1.0 M H 2 SO 4 solution at room temperature on the as-cast substrates, and anodising voltage and time were optimised as process parameters.This study fo... |
respective assignments in Al, demonstrating large-area method repeatability.In addition, clear boundaries are observed, where intergranular corrosion, where topography is not representative of the underlying orientation, is <2 μm wide, less than the sampling distance of this technique.For Ni, prior EBSD data, was down ... | Orientation affects application-defining properties of crystalline materials.Hence, information in this regard is highly-prized.Implementation of this technique allows localised dissolution to be anisotropic and dependent on etch-rate selectivity, defined by the crystallography.EJP therefore, generates complex, but cha... |
niche.In the case of composites, policies might include the continued exertion of pressures for the adoption of lighter weight materials; investing in maintenance technologies; formulating standards for maintenance; and providing financial backing for companies that take on risky production jobs.However, such policies ... | Radical technological innovations are needed to achieve sustainability, but such innovations confront unusually high barriers, as they often require sociotechnical transitions.Here we use the theoretical perspectives and methods of Science and Technology Studies (STS) to demonstrate ways that existing theories of innov... |
of the three different rice models.The model proposed here by Sirisomboon and Posom was the most accurate, displaying the highest coefficient of determination, 0.9991–0.9992, and the lowest residual standard error, 0.00030–0.00040.The k1 parameter is a constant that influences the creep process at the beginning.1/k1 va... | A new creep model with three parameters for non-linear viscoelastic behavior is proposed as εt=ε0(1+[Formula presented]), where the applied stress is constant, εt is the strain at retardation time (t), ε0 is the initial strain and k1, k2 and n are constants.The relationship has been proved using data derived from cooke... |
Comprising >700 proteins, G-protein-coupled receptors are the largest family of cell-surface receptors encoded by the human genome and are of great pharmacological importance.The essential features of GPCR signaling have been well characterized over the last >40 years; however a number of key questions remain unanswere... | G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the largest and most pharmacologically important family of cell-surface receptors encoded by the human genome.Here, we describe a targeted bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assay, called type-4 BRET, which detects both homo- and heteromeric interactions using ... |
unlikely, inducing oligomerization in the FKBP3-tagged receptors could change their capacity to heterodimerize with the GFP-/Rluc-tagged partners.The flexible linker between the C-terminus of the tagged protein and the FKBP tag should generally allow interaction interfaces to remain accessible to heteromeric partners.I... | In many instances, the distinct signaling behavior of certain GPCRs has been explained in terms of the formation of heteromers with, for example, distinct signaling properties and allosteric cross-regulation.Confirmation of this has, however, been limited by the paucity of reliable methods for probing heteromeric GPCR ... |
40Cr steel is widely used in the transmission components of automobiles, such as half axis shaft, gears and steering knuckles, which are usually produced via hot forging process, during which the material experiences the phenomenon of work hardening, dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization .Due to the complex de... | The hot deformation and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behaviors of 40Cr steel were studied by hot compression tests over a wide range of deformation temperature (1023 K–1323 K) and strain rate (0.01 s−1–10 s−1).The constitutive relationship, DRX kinetics and DRXed grain size were modelled, and numerical simulation wa... |
caused by DRX at low temperature, while that is grain coarsening caused by grain growth at high temperature.The constitutive equation, DRX kinetics and DRXed grain size of 40Cr steel have been modelled based on hot compression tests.Then, the above developed equations were embedded into Deform 3D, and the simulation on... | Moreover, the effects of deformation parameters on martensite structure after hot compression and quenching were analyzed.The results show that the strain compensated Arrhenius can accurately predict the flow stress with the average absolute relative error of 3.89% and correlation coefficient of 0.992.The fraction and ... |
This article gives the validation files for the simulation of the CNC milling of a face gear tooth.The data include three video files and one CATIA file, as stated in Table 1.The video files are the simulation videos of the machining process with the given tool paths, cutters, and workpiece in the commercial machining ... | This data article gives the validation files to the article “CNC milling of face gears with a novel geometric analysis” [1].The data is about the simulation and machining error analysis of the CNC milling of a face gear tooth with given tool paths.It includes four files.Three of them are simulation videos of the CNC mi... |
30% of the unique proteins in FT are part of the TOP 100 most identified proteins in EVs.On the other hand, only 6% of the unique proteins in P1 are in this list.Furthermore, 47% of the unique proteins in P1 are known to interact with the HIV-1 gag protein or have been found incorporated in HIV-1 gag viruses and virus-... | Separation of enveloped virus-like particles from other extracellular vesicles is a challenging separation problem due to the similarity of these bionanoparticles.Without simple and scalable methods for purification and analytics, it is difficult to gain deeper insight into their biological function.A two-step chromato... |
the outcome of the self-selection process, in particular, for the distribution of earnings.For individuals who choose employment the probability of success in either self-employment occupation is below average, whereas their wage in employment is significantly above average.At the same time, for individuals in self-emp... | The paper analyses the emergence of group-specific attitudes and beliefs about tax compliance when individuals interact in a social network.It develops a model in which taxpayers possess a range of individual characteristics - including attitude to risk, potential for success in self-employment, and the weight attached... |
the autonomic nervous system, in addition to somatosensation.Second, electro-dermal activity is widely used as a biological marker of autonomic function, reflecting Bayesian surprise, in prediction error-based learning systems.In this study, however, autonomic responses such as skin conductance level could not be measu... | The brain actively interprets sensory inputs by integrating top-down and bottom-up information.Humans can make inferences on somatosensation based on prior experiences and expectations even without the actual stimulation.We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural substrates of the expectati... |
Tuberculosis is a continuing problem especially in developing countries despite the availability of effective chemotherapy.Around 1–2% of tuberculosis patients have involvement of the skeletal system and 50% of them involve the spinal column .Most spinal involvement of tuberculosis occurs in lumbar spine region and som... | Introduction: Both gluteal abscess and sacral tuberculosis are rare entities in spinal tuberculosis cases.Presentation of case: A 51-year-old woman was admitted with painless massive lump on both of her thighs that have been enlarging for the past 6 months.She had a history of previous tuberculosis treatment.Oral anti ... |
.Sacral tuberculosis presenting as gluteal abscess, however, is very rare.Kumar presented the first case of submuscular gluteal abscess in a 3-year-old-female-child as the extension of her sacral tuberculosis .Puthezhath reported another tuberculosis case of lumbar spine with the gluteal abscess as the only symptoms .B... | Even in endemic country, this atypical presentation may be the cause of delayed diagnosis and treatment.From the MRI examination submuscular gluteal abscess, which was an extension of the sacral tuberculosis, were found.Open debridement and biopsy were performed, which confirmed the suspicion of tuberculosis.Discussion... |
analysis for C27400, C51900 and C75200 alloys are is summarised in Table 4.The results of the EDX chemical composition analysis for selected areas/points on all test samples were grouped in the following order:SEM images of sample cross-sections,qualitative analysis - maps showing distribution of analysed elements,"mul... | Copper and its alloys are known for their antimicrobial activity, which makes them appealing materials for various touch surfaces in public facilities. |
political relevance and practical application.Often it is only the generic indicators that are useful at larger scales and are transferable to some extent.To be meaningful for a particular site, indicators need to be made specific.For example, fish stocks are found across the North Sea and can be used as an indicator o... | There is a multitude of ecosystem service classifications available within the literature, each with its own advantages and drawbacks.Elements of them have been used to tailor a generic ecosystem service classification for the marine environment and then for a case study site within the North Sea: the Dogger Bank.Indic... |
is exemplified by elegant studies involving design of superphysiological TCR affinity under zero force that nonetheless paradoxically yielded reduced functional T cell activation .Mutations in complementarity determining regions that create the αβ TCR superphysiological binding at zero force could readily impair αβ TCR... | T lymphocytes use αβ T cell receptors (TCRs) to recognize sparse antigenic peptides bound to MHC molecules (pMHCs) arrayed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs).Contrary to conventional receptor–ligand associations exemplified by antigen–antibody interactions, forces play a crucial role in nonequilibrium mechanosensor-bas... |
Scotland's National Naloxone Advisory Group and co-authored the peer-review paper on before/after evaluation at 3-years of Scotland's National Naloxone Policy.SMB holds GlaxoSmithKline shares."JRR: JRR chaired Scotland's National Forum on Drugs-Related Deaths which recommended that Scotland should have a National Nalox... | The prison-based N-ALIVE pilot trial had undertaken to notify the Research Ethics Committee and participants if we had reason to believe that the N-ALIVE pilot trial would not proceed to the main trial.In this paper, we describe how external data for the third year of before/after evaluation from Scotland's National Na... |
liveness in finite traces.However, in the case of liveness, manual inspection is required when the tool reports a potential liveness violation.All these tools for runtime monitoring of LTL are focused on finite traces.The main difference with TJT is the support of cycle detection due to the way in which the states are ... | This paper presents an approach for the automated debugging of reactive and concurrent Java programs, combining model checking and runtime monitoring.Runtime monitoring is used to transform the Java execution traces into the input for the model checker, the purpose of which is twofold.First, it checks these execution t... |
vitro nephrotoxicity.Pregnancy is a natural condition that involves oxidative and nitrative stress.However, exacerbated ROS and/or RNS generation results in placental redox state changes that have been reported to be related to some pregnancy complications.We evaluated the impact of SCBs on ROS/RNS generation.JWH-018 a... | The increasing use of synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) in recreational settings is becoming a new paradigm of drug abuse.Although SCBs effects mimic those of the Cannabis sativa plant, these drugs are frequently more potent and hazardous.It is known that endocannabinoid signalling plays a crucial role in diverse reproduct... |
IN may have a stronger binding affinity for ALLINIs and EVG, but not for RAL.However, changes in binding affinities were only minimally altered, although the binding affinity of ALLINI and EVG for the variant IN appeared to be stronger as compared to wild-type IN.The IN gene of the HIV isolate from Papua contains genet... | IN is a potential target of antiretroviral (ARV) therapeutic drugs such as ALLINI, Raltegravir (RAL), and Elvitegravir (EVG).The effect of IN polymorphisms on its structure and binding affinity to the integrase inhibitors (INIs) is not well understood.The goal of this study was to examine the effect of IN polymorphisms... |
is considered in the Eg estimation; however, the variations of individual conduction and valence bands deduced from PBE are still accurate.When the PBE conduction bands are shifted, therefore, all the PBE bands show excellent agreement with the bands approximated by HSE06 .A similar good agreement has also been observe... | Theoretical material investigation based on density functional theory (DFT) has been a breakthrough in the last century.Nevertheless, the optical properties calculated by DFT generally show poor agreement with experimental results particularly when the absorption-coefficient (α) spectra in logarithmic scale are compare... |
is encompassed in the pay more factor: perhaps an explicit item referring solely to choosing on the basis of CSR reasons – as well as boycotting on the basis of environmental reasons – would strengthen the scale.If the scale had been developed using solely UK respondents, then it may have incorporated items pertaining ... | This paper details the development and validation of a new research instrument called the ethically minded consumer behavior (EMCB) scale.The scale conceptualizes ethically minded consumer behavior as a variety of consumption choices pertaining to environmental issues and corporate social responsibility.Developed and e... |
It is estimated that about 1.1 billion people worldwide practice open defecation as a result of lack of access to sanitation facilities.Diseases caused by open defecation are preventable and disproportionately affect the poor.Millions of people contract fecal-borne diseases, most commonly diarrhea and intestinal worms,... | The program resulted in modest increases in toilet construction, decreased community tolerance of open defecation and reduced roundworm infestations in children.However, there was no impact on anemia, height or weight.We find important heterogeneity along three dimensions: (1) poverty—poorer households are limited in t... |
of cPC and aPC is dominated by the conformation of the phycocyanobilin chromophores and how these chromophores interact in oligomers of cPC and aPC monomers due to spatial proximity.When the phycocyanobilin is bound to apoproteins of either cPC or aPC, the chromophore is in an extended conformation.In this state the ab... | Stability of colorants is concerning for food coloring matrices, particularly for the only natural blue food coloring, phycocyanin.The Spirulina-based microalgal extract is mainly comprised of heat sensitive protein-chromophore complexes, C-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin.Here, phosphate buffered phycocyanin solution w... |
are optimally searched for in the accessions of the National Herbarium plus one herbarium in every province in which the species occurs.This finding is noteworthy as in South Africa there are often 2 to 4 herbaria per province from which one can source data.Our results are important when considering that collections da... | In a megadiverse country such as South Africa, plant locality data are routinely sourced from the South African National Herbarium (PRE).Evidence suggests that large areas of the country remain poorly collected and that locality records are not always adequately represented in PRE.Our aim was to assess whether distribu... |
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