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Contrary to [popular belief], [Genghis Khan] did not conquer all the areas ultimately part of the [Mongol Empire]. At the time of his [death], the Mongol Empire stretched from the [Caspian Sea] to the [Sea of Japan]. The empire's [expansion] continued for a [generation] or more after Genghis's death in 1227. Under Geng... | Contrary to popular belief, Genghis Khan did not conquer all the areas ultimately part of the Mongol Empire. At the time of his death, the Mongol Empire stretched from the Caspian Sea to the Sea of Japan. The empire's expansion continued for a generation or more after Genghis's death in 1227. Under Genghis's successor ... |
Although [lacking] [historical connections] to the [Middle East], [Japan] was the [country] [most dependent] on [Arab oil]. 71% of its [imported oil] came from the [Middle East] in 1970. On [November 7, 1973], the [Saudi] and [Kuwaiti governments] declared [Japan] a "nonfriendly" [country] to [encourage] it to [change]... | Although lacking historical connections to the Middle East, Japan was the country most dependent on Arab oil. 71% of its imported oil came from the Middle East in 1970. On November 7, 1973, the Saudi and Kuwaiti governments declared Japan a "nonfriendly" country to encourage it to change its noninvolvement policy. It r... |
The [Dalek race], which first appeared in the show's [second serial] in [1963], are [Doctor Who's oldest villains]. The Daleks are [Kaleds] from the planet [Skaro], [mutated] by the scientist [Davros] and housed in [mechanical armour shells] for [mobility]. The actual creatures resemble [octopi] with [large], [pronounc... | The Dalek race, which first appeared in the show's second serial in 1963, are Doctor Who's oldest villains. The Daleks are Kaleds from the planet Skaro, mutated by the scientist Davros and housed in mechanical armour shells for mobility. The actual creatures resemble octopi with large, pronounced brains. Their armour s... |
Victoria (abbreviated as Vic) is a state in the south-east of Australia. [Victoria] is [Australia's most densely populated state] and its [second-most populous state overall]. Most of its population is concentrated in the [area surrounding Port Phillip Bay], which includes the [metropolitan area] of its [capital] and [... | Victoria (abbreviated as Vic) is a state in the south-east of Australia. Victoria is Australia's most densely populated state and its second-most populous state overall. Most of its population is concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay, which includes the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city,... |
[Tesla]'s theories on the possibility of the [transmission] by [radio waves] go back as far as [lectures] and [demonstrations] in [1893] in [St. Louis], [Missouri], the [Franklin Institute] in [Philadelphia], [Pennsylvania], and the [National Electric Light Association]. [Tesla]'s [demonstrations] and [principles] were... | Tesla's theories on the possibility of the transmission by radio waves go back as far as lectures and demonstrations in 1893 in St. Louis, Missouri, the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the National Electric Light Association. Tesla's demonstrations and principles were written about widely through ... |
The [USSR]'s invasion of [Afghanistan] was only one sign of [insecurity] in the region, also marked by increased [American weapons sales], [technology], and outright [military presence]. [Saudi Arabia] and [Iran] became increasingly dependent on [American security assurances] to manage both [external] and [internal thr... | The USSR's invasion of Afghanistan was only one sign of insecurity in the region, also marked by increased American weapons sales, technology, and outright military presence. Saudi Arabia and Iran became increasingly dependent on American security assurances to manage both external and internal threats, including incre... |
Other green spaces in the city include the [Botanic Garden] and the [University Library garden]. They have extensive [botanical collection] of [rare domestic and foreign plants], while a [palm house] in the [New Orangery] displays plants of [subtropics] from all over the world. Besides, within the city borders, there a... | Other green spaces in the city include the Botanic Garden and the University Library garden. They have extensive botanical collection of rare domestic and foreign plants, while a palm house in the New Orangery displays plants of subtropics from all over the world. Besides, within the city borders, there are also: Pole ... |
In the 19th century, [shipbuilding] and [heavy engineering] were central to the city's [prosperity]; and the city was a powerhouse of the [Industrial Revolution]. This revolution resulted in the [urbanization] of the city. In 1817 the [Maling company], at one time the largest [pottery company] in the world, moved to th... | In the 19th century, shipbuilding and heavy engineering were central to the city's prosperity; and the city was a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution. This revolution resulted in the urbanization of the city. In 1817 the Maling company, at one time the largest pottery company in the world, moved to the city. The Vi... |
At the outbreak of [World War I] in [August 1914], the governors of [British East Africa] (as the [Protectorate] was generally known) and [German East Africa] agreed a [truce] in an attempt to keep the young colonies out of [direct hostilities]. [Lt Col Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck] took command of the [German military forc... | At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, the governors of British East Africa (as the Protectorate was generally known) and German East Africa agreed a truce in an attempt to keep the young colonies out of direct hostilities. Lt Col Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck took command of the German military forces, determined to... |
[Luther] had been suffering from [ill health] for years, including [Ménière's disease], [vertigo], [fainting], [tinnitus], and a [cataract] in one eye. From [1531] to [1546], his health deteriorated further. The years of [struggle with Rome], the [antagonisms] with and among his [fellow reformers], and the [scandal] wh... | Luther had been suffering from ill health for years, including Ménière's disease, vertigo, fainting, tinnitus, and a cataract in one eye. From 1531 to 1546, his health deteriorated further. The years of struggle with Rome, the antagonisms with and among his fellow reformers, and the scandal which ensued from the bigamy... |
The [first] fortified settlements on the site of [today's Warsaw] were located in [Bródno] ([9th/10th century]) and [Jazdów] ([12th/13th century]). After [Jazdów] was raided by [nearby clans] and [dukes], a [new similar settlement] was established on the site of a [small fishing village] called [Warszowa]. The [Prince ... | The first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw were located in Bródno (9th/10th century) and Jazdów (12th/13th century). After Jazdów was raided by nearby clans and dukes, a new similar settlement was established on the site of a small fishing village called Warszowa. The Prince of Płock, Bolesław II of ... |
After World War II, under a Communist regime set up by the conquering Soviets, the "Bricks for Warsaw" campaign was initiated, and large prefabricated housing projects were erected in Warsaw to address the housing shortage, along with other typical buildings of an Eastern Bloc city, such as the Palace of Culture and Sc... | After World War II, under a Communist regime set up by the conquering Soviets, the "Bricks for Warsaw" campaign was initiated, and large prefabricated housing projects were erected in Warsaw to address the housing shortage, along with other typical buildings of an Eastern Bloc city, such as the Palace of Culture and Sc... |
Unlike [animals], [plants] lack [phagocytic cells], but many [plant immune responses] involve [systemic chemical signals] that are sent through a plant. [Individual plant cells] respond to [molecules] associated with [pathogens] known as [Pathogen-associated molecular patterns] or [PAMPs]. When a part of a plant become... | Unlike animals, plants lack phagocytic cells, but many plant immune responses involve systemic chemical signals that are sent through a plant. Individual plant cells respond to molecules associated with pathogens known as Pathogen-associated molecular patterns or PAMPs. When a part of a plant becomes infected, the plan... |
[Subject Committees] are established at the beginning of each parliamentary session, and again the [members] on each committee reflect the [balance of parties] across Parliament. Typically each committee corresponds with one (or more) of the [departments] (or [ministries]) of the [Scottish Government]. The [current] [S... | Subject Committees are established at the beginning of each parliamentary session, and again the members on each committee reflect the balance of parties across Parliament. Typically each committee corresponds with one (or more) of the departments (or ministries) of the Scottish Government. The current Subject Committe... |
In the spring of 1753, [Paul Marin de la Malgue] was given [command] of a [2,000-man force] of [Troupes de la Marine] and [Indians]. His [orders] were to [protect] the [King's land] in the [Ohio Valley] from the [British]. Marin followed the [route] that [Céloron] had [mapped out] [four years earlier], but where Céloro... | In the spring of 1753, Paul Marin de la Malgue was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine and Indians. His orders were to protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British. Marin followed the route that Céloron had mapped out four years earlier, but where Céloron had limited the record of ... |
To fix [carbon dioxide] into [sugar molecules] in the process of [photosynthesis], [chloroplasts] use an [enzyme] called [rubisco]. Rubisco has a problem—it has [trouble] distinguishing between [carbon dioxide] and [oxygen], so at [high oxygen concentrations], rubisco starts [accidentally] adding [oxygen] to [sugar pre... | To fix carbon dioxide into sugar molecules in the process of photosynthesis, chloroplasts use an enzyme called rubisco. Rubisco has a problem—it has trouble distinguishing between carbon dioxide and oxygen, so at high oxygen concentrations, rubisco starts accidentally adding oxygen to sugar precursors. This has the end... |
Warsaw's name in the Polish language is [Warszawa], approximately /vɑːrˈʃɑːvə/ (also formerly spelled [Warszewa] and [Warszowa]), meaning "belonging to [Warsz]", [Warsz] being a shortened form of the masculine name of Slavic origin [Warcisław]; see also etymology of [Wrocław]. [Folk etymology] attributes the city name ... | Warsaw's name in the Polish language is Warszawa, approximately /vɑːrˈʃɑːvə/ (also formerly spelled Warszewa and Warszowa), meaning "belonging to Warsz", Warsz being a shortened form of the masculine name of Slavic origin Warcisław; see also etymology of Wrocław. Folk etymology attributes the city name to a fisherman, ... |
From [2005] to [2014], there were [two] [Major League Soccer] teams in [Los Angeles] — the [LA Galaxy] and [Chivas USA] — that both played at the [StubHub Center] and were [local rivals]. However, [Chivas] were [suspended] following the [2014 MLS season], with a [second] [MLS] team [scheduled] to return in [2018]. | From 2005 to 2014, there were two Major League Soccer teams in Los Angeles — the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA — that both played at the StubHub Center and were local rivals. However, Chivas were suspended following the 2014 MLS season, with a second MLS team scheduled to return in 2018. |
[Newton] came to realize that the effects of [gravity] might be observed in different ways at larger distances. In particular, [Newton] determined that the [acceleration] of the [Moon] around the [Earth] could be ascribed to the same force of [gravity] if the [acceleration] due to [gravity] decreased as an [inverse squ... | Newton came to realize that the effects of gravity might be observed in different ways at larger distances. In particular, Newton determined that the acceleration of the Moon around the Earth could be ascribed to the same force of gravity if the acceleration due to gravity decreased as an inverse square law. Further, N... |
Following a lengthy legal battle with the European Commission, [exclusivity of the rights] to be against the interests of [competition] and [the consumer], [BSkyB]'s [monopoly] came to an end from the [2007–08 season]. In May 2006, the [Irish broadcaster Setanta Sports] was awarded [two] of the [six Premier League pack... | Following a lengthy legal battle with the European Commission, which deemed the exclusivity of the rights to be against the interests of competition and the consumer, BSkyB's monopoly came to an end from the 2007–08 season. In May 2006, the Irish broadcaster Setanta Sports was awarded two of the six Premier League pack... |
The [flagship stations] of each station in the [markets] of each team will carry their [local play-by-play calls]. In [Denver], [KOA] (850 AM) and [KRFX] (103.5 FM) will carry the game, with [Dave Logan] on [play-by-play] and [Ed McCaffrey] on [color commentary]. In [North Carolina], [WBT] (1110 AM) will carry the game... | The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team will carry their local play-by-play calls. In Denver, KOA (850 AM) and KRFX (103.5 FM) will carry the game, with Dave Logan on play-by-play and Ed McCaffrey on color commentary. In North Carolina, WBT (1110 AM) will carry the game, with Mick Mixon on pla... |
It also became clear that [Apollo] would outgrow the [Canaveral launch facilities] in [Florida]. The two newest [launch complexes] were already being built for the [Saturn I] and [IB rockets] at the northernmost end: [LC-34] and [LC-37]. But an even bigger facility would be needed for the [mammoth rocket] required for ... | It also became clear that Apollo would outgrow the Canaveral launch facilities in Florida. The two newest launch complexes were already being built for the Saturn I and IB rockets at the northernmost end: LC-34 and LC-37. But an even bigger facility would be needed for the mammoth rocket required for the manned lunar m... |
The [Panthers] seemed primed to score on their [opening drive] of the [second half] when [Newton] completed a [45-yard pass] to [Ted Ginn Jr.] on the [Denver 35-yard line] on their [second offensive play]. But the [Broncos defense] halted the drive on the [26-yard line], and it ended with [no points] when [Graham Gano]... | The Panthers seemed primed to score on their opening drive of the second half when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr. on the Denver 35-yard line on their second offensive play. But the Broncos defense halted the drive on the 26-yard line, and it ended with no points when Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 4... |
The next major step occurred when [James Watt] developed (1763–1775) an improved version of [Newcomen's engine], with a separate [condenser]. [Boulton] and [Watt]'s early engines used [half] as much [coal] as [John Smeaton]'s improved version of [Newcomen's]. [Newcomen]'s and [Watt]'s early engines were ["atmospheric"]... | The next major step occurred when James Watt developed (1763–1775) an improved version of Newcomen's engine, with a separate condenser. Boulton and Watt's early engines used half as much coal as John Smeaton's improved version of Newcomen's. Newcomen's and Watt's early engines were "atmospheric". They were powered by a... |
In addition to the negative consequences of [sleep deprivation], sleep and the intertwined [circadian system] have been shown to have strong regulatory effects on [immunological functions] affecting both the [innate] and the [adaptive immunity]. First, during the early [slow-wave-sleep stage], a sudden drop in blood le... | In addition to the negative consequences of sleep deprivation, sleep and the intertwined circadian system have been shown to have strong regulatory effects on immunological functions affecting both the innate and the adaptive immunity. First, during the early slow-wave-sleep stage, a sudden drop in blood levels of cort... |
"The Islamic State", [formerly known] as the "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant" and [before that] as the "Islamic State of Iraq", (and [called] the [acronym] Daesh [by its many detractors]), is a [Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group] which is [led by] and [mainly composed] of [Sunni Arabs] from Iraq an... | "The Islamic State", formerly known as the "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant" and before that as the "Islamic State of Iraq", (and called the acronym Daesh by its many detractors), is a Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group which is led by and mainly composed of Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria. In 2014, ... |
Since [1974], [ABC] has generally aired [Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve] on [New Year's Eve] (hosted first by its creator [Dick Clark], and later by his successor [Ryan Seacrest]); the only exception was in [1999], when [ABC] put it on a [one-year hiatus] to provide coverage of the [international millennium festiv... | Since 1974, ABC has generally aired Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve on New Year's Eve (hosted first by its creator Dick Clark, and later by his successor Ryan Seacrest); the only exception was in 1999, when ABC put it on a one-year hiatus to provide coverage of the international millennium festivities, though Clark... |
In [1870], Tesla moved to [Karlovac], to attend school at the [Higher Real Gymnasium], where he was profoundly influenced by a [math teacher] [Martin Sekulić].:32 The [classes] were held in [German], as it was a school within the [Austro-Hungarian Military Frontier]. Tesla was able to perform [integral calculus] in his... | In 1870, Tesla moved to Karlovac, to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium, where he was profoundly influenced by a math teacher Martin Sekulić.:32 The classes were held in German, as it was a school within the Austro-Hungarian Military Frontier. Tesla was able to perform integral calculus in his head, which promp... |
In [1755], [six colonial governors] in [North America] met with [General Edward Braddock], the newly arrived [British Army commander], and planned a [four-way attack] on the [French]. None [succeeded] and the [main effort] by [Braddock] was a [disaster]; he was [defeated] in the [Battle of the Monongahela] on [July 9, ... | In 1755, six colonial governors in North America met with General Edward Braddock, the newly arrived British Army commander, and planned a four-way attack on the French. None succeeded and the main effort by Braddock was a disaster; he was defeated in the Battle of the Monongahela on July 9, 1755 and died a few days la... |
are prime for [any natural number] [n]. Here represents the [floor function], i.e., [largest integer] [not greater than] [the number] [in question]. [The latter formula] can be shown using [Bertrand's postulate] (proven [first] by [Chebyshev]), which states that there always exists [at least one] [prime number] [p] wit... | are prime for any natural number n. Here represents the floor function, i.e., largest integer not greater than the number in question. The latter formula can be shown using Bertrand's postulate (proven first by Chebyshev), which states that there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n − 2, for any n... |
The [United Methodist Church] ([UMC]) practices [infant] and [adult baptism]. [Baptized Members] are those who have been baptized as an [infant] or [child], but who have not subsequently [professed] their own [faith]. These [Baptized Members] become [Professing Members] through [confirmation] and sometimes the [profess... | The United Methodist Church (UMC) practices infant and adult baptism. Baptized Members are those who have been baptized as an infant or child, but who have not subsequently professed their own faith. These Baptized Members become Professing Members through confirmation and sometimes the profession of faith. Individuals... |
Individual [Huguenots] settled at the [Cape of Good Hope] from as early as [1671] with the arrival of [François Villion] ([Viljoen]). The first Huguenot to arrive at the Cape of Good Hope was however [Maria de la Queillerie], wife of commander [Jan van Riebeeck] (and daughter of a [Walloon church minister]), who arrive... | Individual Huguenots settled at the Cape of Good Hope from as early as 1671 with the arrival of François Villion (Viljoen). The first Huguenot to arrive at the Cape of Good Hope was however Maria de la Queillerie, wife of commander Jan van Riebeeck (and daughter of a Walloon church minister), who arrived on 6 April 165... |
The [United Methodist Church] upholds the [sanctity] of [human life] both of the [child] and the [mother]. As a result, the church is "reluctant to affirm [abortion] as an [acceptable practice]," and condemns the use of [late-term] or [partial birth abortion] except as a [medical necessity]. The denomination as a whole... | The United Methodist Church upholds the sanctity of human life both of the child and the mother. As a result, the church is "reluctant to affirm abortion as an acceptable practice," and condemns the use of late-term or partial birth abortion except as a medical necessity. The denomination as a whole is committed to "as... |
In [September 1958], [Bank of America] launched a new product called [BankAmericard] in [Fresno]. After a [troubled gestation] during which its [creator] resigned, [BankAmericard] went on to become the [first successful credit card]; that is, a [financial instrument] that was [usable] across a [large number] of [mercha... | In September 1958, Bank of America launched a new product called BankAmericard in Fresno. After a troubled gestation during which its creator resigned, BankAmericard went on to become the first successful credit card; that is, a financial instrument that was usable across a large number of merchants and also allowed ca... |
Through [stream capture], the [Rhine] extended its [watershed] southward. By the [Pliocene period], the Rhine had captured streams down to the [Vosges Mountains], including the [Mosel], the [Main] and the [Neckar]. The [northern Alps] were then drained by the [Rhone]. By the [early Pleistocene period], the Rhine had ca... | Through stream capture, the Rhine extended its watershed southward. By the Pliocene period, the Rhine had captured streams down to the Vosges Mountains, including the Mosel, the Main and the Neckar. The northern Alps were then drained by the Rhone. By the early Pleistocene period, the Rhine had captured most of its cur... |
Undergraduate [students] are required to take a [distribution] of [courses] to satisfy the [university]'s [core curriculum] known as the [Common Core]. In [2012-2013], the [Core classes] at [Chicago] were limited to [17 students], and are generally led by a [full-time professor] (as opposed to a [teaching assistant]). ... | Undergraduate students are required to take a distribution of courses to satisfy the university's core curriculum known as the Common Core. In 2012-2013, the Core classes at Chicago were limited to 17 students, and are generally led by a full-time professor (as opposed to a teaching assistant). As of the 2013–2014 scho... |
After the 1940s, the Gothic style on campus began to give way to modern styles. [In 1955], [Eero Saarinen] was contracted to develop a second master plan, which led to the construction of [buildings] both [north and south] of the [Midway], including the [Laird Bell Law Quadrangle] (a complex designed by [Saarinen]); a ... | After the 1940s, the Gothic style on campus began to give way to modern styles. In 1955, Eero Saarinen was contracted to develop a second master plan, which led to the construction of buildings both north and south of the Midway, including the Laird Bell Law Quadrangle (a complex designed by Saarinen); a series of arts... |
The [Broncos]' defense ranked first in the [NFL] [yards allowed] (4,530) for the first time in [franchise history], and fourth in [points allowed] (296). [Defensive ends] [Derek Wolfe] and [Malik Jackson] each had 5½ [sacks]. [Pro Bowl linebacker] [Von Miller] led the team with 11 [sacks], [forced four fumbles], and [r... | The Broncos' defense ranked first in the NFL yards allowed (4,530) for the first time in franchise history, and fourth in points allowed (296). Defensive ends Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson each had 5½ sacks. Pro Bowl linebacker Von Miller led the team with 11 sacks, forced four fumbles, and recovered three. Linebacker ... |
In [January 1880], two of [Tesla]'s [uncles] put together enough [money] to help him leave [Gospić] for [Prague] where he was to [study]. Unfortunately, he arrived [too late] to [enroll] at [Charles-Ferdinand University]; he never studied [Greek], a [required subject]; and he was [illiterate] in [Czech], another [requi... | In January 1880, two of Tesla's uncles put together enough money to help him leave Gospić for Prague where he was to study. Unfortunately, he arrived too late to enroll at Charles-Ferdinand University; he never studied Greek, a required subject; and he was illiterate in Czech, another required subject. Tesla did, howev... |
Administrator [Webb] realized that in order to keep [Apollo costs] under control, he had to develop [greater project management skills] in his organization, so he recruited Dr. [George E. Mueller] for a [high management job]. Mueller accepted, on the [condition] that he have a [say] in [NASA reorganization] necessary t... | Administrator Webb realized that in order to keep Apollo costs under control, he had to develop greater project management skills in his organization, so he recruited Dr. George E. Mueller for a high management job. Mueller accepted, on the condition that he have a say in NASA reorganization necessary to effectively ad... |
The [Standard Industrial Classification] and the newer [North American Industry Classification System] have a classification system for [companies] that perform or otherwise engage in [construction]. To recognize the [differences] of companies in this [sector], it is divided into three [subsectors]: [building construct... | The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System have a classification system for companies that perform or otherwise engage in construction. To recognize the differences of companies in this sector, it is divided into three subsectors: building construction, heavy and ... |
In [1965], at the instigation of [Warner Sinback], a data network based on this [voice-phone network] was designed to connect [GE's four computer sales and service centers] ([Schenectady], [Phoenix], [Chicago], and [Phoenix]) to facilitate a [computer time-sharing service], apparently the [world's first commercial onli... | In 1965, at the instigation of Warner Sinback, a data network based on this voice-phone network was designed to connect GE's four computer sales and service centers (Schenectady, Phoenix, Chicago, and Phoenix) to facilitate a computer time-sharing service, apparently the world's first commercial online service. (In add... |
[Upper bounds] and [lower bounds] are usually stated using the [big O notation], which hides [constant factors] and [smaller terms]. This makes the bounds [independent] of the [specific details] of the [computational model] used. For instance, if T(n) = 7n2 + 15n + 40, in [big O notation] one would write T(n) = O(n2). | Upper and lower bounds are usually stated using the big O notation, which hides constant factors and smaller terms. This makes the bounds independent of the specific details of the computational model used. For instance, if T(n) = 7n2 + 15n + 40, in big O notation one would write T(n) = O(n2). |
These kinds of programs presented ABC with an image of the "philosophy of counterprogramming against its competitors", offering a strong lineup of programs that contrasted with those seen on its rival networks, which helped Goldenson give the network a continuum between film and television. [ABC's western series] (as w... | These kinds of programs presented ABC with an image of the "philosophy of counterprogramming against its competitors", offering a strong lineup of programs that contrasted with those seen on its rival networks, which helped Goldenson give the network a continuum between film and television. ABC's western series (as wel... |
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