content listlengths 1 1 | teacher_response stringlengths 21 4.24k | answer stringclasses 4
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following is seen in nephrotic syndrome: March 2013\nChoices:\nA. Proteinuria less than 3.5 gm/ day\nB. Hyperalbuminemia\nC. Hypercoagulability\nD. Hypeension\n</Question>\nAt the end present your an... | Ans. C i.e. Hypercoagulability Nephrotic syndrome is associated with urine wasting of antithrombin III and, more impoantly, hypoalbuminemia, which may result in enhanced platelet aggregation Nephrotic syndrome Severe proteinuria (more than 3.5 grams/day) Increased fibrinogen, Platelet activation, Decreased HDL etc.
<an... | C |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Deficiency of enzyme a-keto acid decarboxylase leading to a block in the metabolism of branch chain amino acids is observed in -\nChoices:\nA. Maple syrup urine disease\nB. Hanup's disease\nC. Alkaptonuria\nD. Ph... | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Maple Syrup urine diseaseMAPLE SYRUP URINE DISEASE In this disorder, the branched-chain keto acids derived from isoleucine, leucine, and valine appear in the urine, giving it a maple syrup-like odor.This condition results from a deficiency in the branched-chain -keto acid dehydrogenase.It is a mitocho... | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>which is not a granulomatous diseae\nChoices:\nA. Leprosy\nB. TB\nC. Sarcoidosis\nD. Amebiasis\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D).",
... |
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following cause of death would cause an elevated level of cyanide?\nChoices:\nA. Cold\nB. Starvation\nC. Thermal bums\nD. Poisoning\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answ... | During smoke inhalation in thermal deaths apa from CO, the other factors which contribute to death are oxygen deprivation, cyanide, free radicals (inactive surfactants, thus preventing oxygen from crossing the alveoli into the blood), and non-specific toxic substances. Ref: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxic... | C |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>All are seen in Henoch schonlein purpura except ?\nChoices:\nA. Thrombocytopenia\nB. Glomerulonephritis\nC. Ahralgia\nD. Abdominal pain\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using... | Ans. is 'a' i.e., ThrombocytopeniaClinical manifestations of H.S.Purpura Constitutional symptomsFever, fatigue, malaise, Anorexia, weight loss. SkinThe hallmark of this disease is rash begining as pinkish maculopapules that initially blanch on pressure and progress to petechiae or purpura which are characterized by cli... | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Sleep pattern in > 50 years all EXCEPT\nChoices:\nA. High REM\nB. Low latency of REM\nC. Less duration of sleep\nD. Experience earlier wake times\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </ans... | (A) High REM # SLEEP PATTERN WITH AGE: Changes in sleep with age. NOTE: Time (in minutes) for sleep latency, amount of time spent awake after initially falling asleep (WASO), rapid eye movement (REM), non-rapid eye movement (NREM), stages 1, 2, and slow-wave sleep (SWS).> Sleep patterns change as people age.> As shown ... | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following is not seen in hypothyrodism?\nChoices:\nA. Oedema\nB. Coldskin\nC. Diastolic hypeension\nD. Atrial fibrillation\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using... | Atrial fibrillatons are a feature of hypehyroidism not hypothyroidism Features of hypehyroidism and hypothyroiism Ref - Davidsons 2e p637
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>DOC for schizophrenic patient with poor oral absorption is?\nChoices:\nA. Clozapine\nB. Fluphenazine\nC. Sulpride\nD. Penfluridol\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an up... | Ans. B. FluphenazineLong-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics (APs) (LAI APs) have proved effective in schizophrenia and other severe psychotic disorders because they assure stable blood levels, leading to a reduction of the risk of relapse.LAIs bypass the initial deactivating process by avoiding first-pass metabolis... | B |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>In atrial septal defect the aoa is\nChoices:\nA. Small\nB. Normal\nC. Enlarged\nD. Aneurysmal\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D).",
... | In ASD chest xray shows small aoic shadow. Ref : Ghai essential of pediatrics,eighth edition, P.no: 413
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following is an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase-\nChoices:\nA. Phenytoin\nB. Alcohol\nC. Methotrexate\nD. Yeast\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an up... | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Methotrexate o Methotrexate is folate antagonist : inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHP Rase) - blocking the conversion of dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid which is an essential co-enzyme required for one carbon transfer reactions in de novo purine synthesis and amine acid interconversions.
... | C |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Strongest attachment of Zonule is at-\nChoices:\nA. Equator\nB. Just anterior to equator\nC. Posterior to equator\nD. Posterior lobe\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an... | Anterior fibers of zonules are strongest and are inseed into the lens capsule just anterior to the equator. Ref: Textbook of clinical ophthalmology p.1139.
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Oncogene associated with burkitt's lymphoma is:\nChoices:\nA. BCL-1, IgH\nB. BCL-2, IgH\nC. C-MYC\nD. ALK\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C,... | Disease Cytogenetic Abnormality Oncogene Mantle cell lymphoma t(11;14)(q13;q32) BCL-1, IgH Follicular lymphoma t(14;18)(q32;q21) BCL-2, IgH Diffuse large cell lymphoma t(3;-)(q27;-) t(17;-)(p13;-) BCL-6 p53 Burkitt's lymphoma, Burkitt's leukemia t(8;-)(q24;-) C-MYC CD30+ Anaplastic large cell lymphoma t(2;5)(p23;q35) A... | C |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>All of the following are feature of malignant hypeension except -\nChoices:\nA. Grade IV hypeensive retinopathy\nB. Haemolytic blood picture\nC. Renal failure\nD. Respiratory failure\n</Question>\nAt the end pres... | Hypeension is described as being in accelerated phase or MALIGNANT HYPEENSION when it causes acute damage to renal and other aerioles. It is often symptomatic, with headache, impaired vision and, finally, manifestations of renal failure Severe hypeensive retinopathy with papilloedema is almost always present.Malignant ... | D |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Allograft is defined as ?\nChoices:\nA. Graft from oneself\nB. Graft from identical twin\nC. Graft from member of same species\nD. Graft from other species\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer>... | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Graft from member of same species
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>The histiocytosis X is a spectrum of disorders, which include the following condition\nChoices:\nA. Eosinophilic granuloma\nB. Hand Schuller - Christian disease\nC. Letterer - Siwe disease\nD. All of the above\n<... |
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>False about Charcot's joint in diabetes mellitus is:\nChoices:\nA. Limitation of movements with bracing\nB. Ahrodesis\nC. Total ankle replacement\nD. Ahrocentesis\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <... | Treatment of Charcot's ahropathy- limitation of joint movements by bracing or casting, joint debridement (ahrocentesis) and fusion of joint (ahrodesis). Please remember that replacement is advocated now with advances in treatment but still it will be the least preferred treatment for ankle it can be carried for knee.
<... | C |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Most important in diagnosing Acute Hepatitis B is\nChoices:\nA. IgG Anti-HBc\nB. Anti HBs\nC. IgM Anti-HBc\nD. HBsAg\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase lette... |
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A patient on colles cast present after two weeks with the inability to extend his thumb, the most likely reason is:\nChoices:\nA. Rupture of extensor pollicis longus tendon\nB. Compartment syndrome\nC. Carpal tun... | Ans: A (Rupture of extensor pollicis longus tendon) Ref: Apleys System of Orthopaedics and Fractures, 9th edition, p 774Explanation:Rupture of extensor pollicis longus occasionally occurs a few- weeks after an apparently trivial undisplaced fracture of the lower radius.The patient should be warned of the possibility an... | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Mechanism of action of allopurinol: September 2005\nChoices:\nA. Inhibits the synthesis of uric acid\nB. Inhibits tubular resorption of uric acid\nC. Antinflammatory action\nD. Increases phagocytosis of urate cry... | Ans. A: Inhibits the synthesis of uric acid Allopurinol is a structural isomer of hypoxanthine (a naturally occurring purine in the body) and is an enzyme inhibitor, inhibiting xanthine oxidase. Xanthine oxidase is responsible for the successive oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine resulting in the production of uric... | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Study of small intestine using barium is called as\nChoices:\nA. Barium meal follow through\nB. Barium swallow\nC. Barium enema\nD. None of the above\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and <... | Barium investigations:Barium swallow: the study of the pharynx and esophagus up to GE junction Barium meal: the study of stomach and duodenum up to DJ flexureBarium meal follow through the study of small intestine following barium meal up to ileocaecal junction Enteroclysis: the study of small intestine by directly ins... | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A post-op patient presents with peritonitis and massive contamination because of duodenal leak. Management of choice is:\nChoices:\nA. Four quadrant peritoneal lavage\nB. Duodenostomy + Feeding jejunostomy + Peri... | Ans. (b) Duodenostomy+ FJ + Peritoneal lavageDuodenal leak with massive contamination:* After some surgery probably Billroth 1 or Billroth 2 or perforation closure of Duodenal ulcer perforation there may be a leak from Duodenum.* The history clearly mentions the patient is having massive contamination.* Immediately shi... | B |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Best site for taking biopsy for viral oesophagitis is\nChoices:\nA. Edge of ulcer\nB. Base of ulcer\nC. Adjacent indurated area around ulcer\nD. Surrounding normal mucosa\n</Question>\nAt the end present your ans... | . Edge of ulcer
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Not a causative agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is:\nChoices:\nA. Adenovirus\nB. Coxsackie virus\nC. Reovirus\nD. Enterovirus\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using... | Acute conjunctivitis can be caused by viruses including enterovirus 70 (EV-70), coxsackievirus A24, and epidemic adenoviruses. Q These viruses may also lead to acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC), characterized by photophobia, watering, and foreign body sensation, eyelid edema, conjunctival hemorrhages, and superfic... | C |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Vaccine which must be stored in the freecer compament of a fridge is / are-\nChoices:\nA. BCG\nB. OPV\nC. Measles\nD. small pox\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppe... | Deep freezers are supplied to all districts and PHC to store vaccines. At the PHC level, deep freezers are used only for the preparation of ice packs and are not used for storing UIP vaccines (refer pgno:109 park 23rd edition)
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A 4 year child can perform one of the following ?\nChoices:\nA. Can hop on single leg for 15 feet\nB. Can skip without falling to either side\nC. Can stand one feet for 20 seconds\nD. All\n</Question>\nAt the end... | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Can hop on single leg for 15 feet o A child can hop on one foot by 4 years. o A child can skip by the age of 5 years. o A child may stand on one leg for 10 seconds (not for 20 seconds) by 4-5 years. o A child can go down stairs with alternating feet by 4 years
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Length of spreader short of working length\nChoices:\nA. 0.5 mm\nB. 0.1 mm\nC. 1.5 mm\nD. 0.25 mm\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D)."... |
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A 30-year-old pregnant woman comes to your clinic with decreased sleep, increased appetite and hyperactivity for last 2 weeks. A diagnosis of mania is made. Fuher probing reveals four episodes of major depression... | Bipolar disorder - Bipolar disorder is characterized by marked mood swings between mania (mood elevation) and bipolar depression that cause significant personal distress or social dysfunction Bipolar I - mania + depression Bipolar II - depression + hypomania Mania: Decrease need for sleep Over talkativeness Abnormally ... | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Obesity is seen in all Except\nChoices:\nA. Pick wickian syndrome\nB. Prader willi syndrome\nC. Cushing syndrome\nD. Sipple syndrome\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an... | SIPPLE SYNDROME A rare, genetic disorder that affects the endocrine glands and causes a type of thyroid cancer called medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma, and parathyroid gland cancer. It may also cause benign (noncancerous) tumors in the parathyroid glands and adrenal glands. The affected endocrine glands may m... | D |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>All of the following are features of hallucinations, except:\nChoices:\nA. It is independent of the will of the observer\nB. Sensory organs are not involved\nC. It is as vivid as that in a true sense perception\n... | B i.e. Sensory organs are not involved
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>An early systolic murmur may be caused by all the following except\nChoices:\nA. Small ventricular septal defect\nB. Papillary muscle dysfunction\nC. Tricuspid regurgitation\nD. Aoic stenosis\n</Question>\nAt the... | Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 1447 Acute severe MR results in a decrescendo early systolic murmur, the characteristics of which are related to the progressive attenuation of the left ventricular to left atrial pressure gradient dur- ing systole because of the steep and rapid rise in left atrial pressure in this context. Sev... | D |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Lead aprons of ___ mm will reduce the intensity of scattered X -rays over ____ per cent and should be worn by all workers regularly associated with X-ray procedures.\nChoices:\nA. 0.2 and 60\nB. 0.3 and 70\nC. 0.... | Lead aprons of 0.5 mm will reduce the intensity of scattered X -rays over 90 per cent and should be worn by all workers regularly associated with X-ray procedures.
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>The X-ray pelvis AP shows the presence of:\nChoices:\nA. Endoscopic removal of ureteric stones\nB. Uterine sounding to check the position of dislodged IUD\nC. Uterine sounding to check for the site of the uterine... | Ans. B.
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Drug of choice for treatment of akathisia is:-\nChoices:\nA. Lithium\nB. Fluoxetine\nC. Propranolol\nD. Haloperidol\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter... | Antipsychotic drugs S/E - PS Dystonic - Benzhexol Akathesia -Propanolol Drug induced parkinsonism - Benzhexol Tardive dyskinesia - Valbenazine Propanolol Beta blockers improve cardiac output in HOCM patients During exercise by reducing left ventricular outflow obstruction Lithiums/e Thirst , polyuria experienced by mos... | C |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>'Monitoring of BP' is an example for:-\nChoices:\nA. Primordial Prevention\nB. Primary Prevention\nC. Secondary Prevention\nD. Teiary Prevention\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answ... | - Secondary Level of Prevention is applied when disease has possibly set in. - So, monitoring of BP after hypeension has already set in accounts to secondary level of prevention. Levels of prevention Level Aim Modes Primordial prevention Prevention of emergence of development of risk factors Health education Primary pr... | C |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Best test for diagnosis of organic mental disorder:\nChoices:\nA. Sentence completion test\nB. Bender-Gestalt test\nC. Rorschach test\nD. Thematic appreciation test\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in... | Bender Gestalt TestQ (Bender visual motor gastalt test): This test is used mostly as a screening tool for organic brain disordersQ.
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Posterior limb of internal capsule is supplied by all except\nChoices:\nA. Middle cerebral aery\nB. Recurrent aery of Heubner\nC. Anterior choroidal\nD. Posterior cerebral aery\n</Question>\nAt the end present yo... | Recurrent aery of Heubner does not supply posterior limb of internal capsule. Blood supply of internal capsule Anterior Limb Recurrent aery of Heubner Genu Recurrent aery of Heubner Charcot&;s aery (lenticulostriate aery or aery of cerebral hemorrhage) Posterior limb Charcot&;s aery (branch of middle cerebral aery) Ant... | B |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>TRUE statements regarding halothane is\nChoices:\nA. Hepatitis occurs in susceptible individuals after repeated dose\nB. It potentiates competitive neuromuscular blockers\nC. Causes respiratory depression\nD. All... | (All of the above) (339-40-KDT) (372-KDT 6th)HALQTHANE - volatile liquid with sweet odour, non irritant and non inflammable, pleasant and rapid action.* * It is not a good analgesic or muscle relaxant, it potentials competitive neuromuscular blockers.* * Halothane causes direct depression of myocardial contractility by... | D |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Differential cyanosis is seen in –\nChoices:\nA. TGV\nB. TAPVC\nC. PDA\nD. VSD\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D).",
"role": "user... | Differential cyanosis
When one extremity is pink and the other extremity is cyanotic, it is referred to as differential cyanosis.
Causes of differential cyanosis
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Paneth cells characterized by\nChoices:\nA. More number of lysosomal enzyme\nB. High concentration of zinc\nC. More concentration of EFR\nD. Foamy cells\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> an... | Paneth cells are zinc-containing cells widely distributed in Lieberkuhn's crypts of small intestine in many species, but their function has remained obscure. Our previous study showed that a single intravenous injection of diphenylthiocarbazone (dithizone), a zinc chelator, forms zinc-dithizonate complexes in the cytop... | B |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Glanzmann disease is characterised by which of the following?\nChoices:\nA. Congenital defect of RBCs\nB. Defect of neutrophils\nC. Congenital defect of platelets\nD. Clotting factor deficiency\n</Question>\nAt t... | Glanzmann disease - AR inheritance - Inherited defect in glycoprotein GpIIb-IIIa The GpIIb/IIIa receptors on activated platelets form bridging crosslinks with fibrinogen, leading to platelet aggregation. - Functional platelet defect as they are less able to adhere to each other and to damaged blood vessel. S/S- purpura... | C |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>All of the following statements are TRUE about Gleason score, EXCEPT:\nChoices:\nA. Used for grading prostate cancer\nB. Scores range from 1-10\nC. Higher the score, poorer the prognosis\nD. Helps in planning man... | When prostate cancer is diagnosed, a measure of histologic aggressiveness is assigned using the Gleason grading system, in which the dominant and secondary glandular histologic patterns are scored from 1 (well-differentiated) to 5 (undifferentiated) and summed to give a total score of 2-10 for each tumor. Well-differen... | B |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Enzyme associated with hyperuricemia:\nChoices:\nA. Glucose-6-phosphatase\nB. PRPP (PhosphoRibosyl PyroPhosphate) glutamylamidotransferase\nC. Xanthine oxidase\nD. All of the above\n</Question>\nAt the end presen... | Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolismHyperuricemia refers to an elevation in the serum uric acid concentration.In type I glycogen storage disease (von Gierke's), glucose 6-phosphate can Not be conveed to glucose due to the deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase.This leads to increased utilization of glucose-6-... | D |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Type of necrosis occuring in brain?\nChoices:\nA. Coagulative\nB. Liquefactive\nC. Fibrinoid\nD. Caseous\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, ... | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Liquefactive Coagulative necrosis This is most common type of necrosis. This type of necrosis is most frequently caused by sudden cessation of blood flow (ischemia) in organs such as hea (MI), Kidney (ATN), adrenal gland, and spleen. Note : Brain is the only exception, i.e.,. It is the only solid orga... | B |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following drug is deposited in the retina?\nChoices:\nA. Isoninazid\nB. Chloroquine\nC. Rifampicin\nD. Pyrizinamide\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an upp... | Prolonged use of high doses (as needed for rheumatoid ahritis, DLE, etc.) may cause loss of vision due to retinal damage. Corneal deposits may also occur and affect vision, but are reversible on discontinuation. ESSENTIALS OF PHARMACOLOGY page no. 823
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>An 18-year-old-female patient with swelling and pain in the mandibular third molar area will most likely to have:\nChoices:\nA. juvenile periodontitis\nB. pericoronitis\nC. pregnancy epulis\nD. plasma cell gingiv... |
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A middle aged female presents with chronic pain in right side of abdomen with intermittent fever. Clinical examination revealed mild hepatomegaly and hence a contrast enhanced CT abdomen was performed. Based on t... | The Poal phase CT demonstrates a large cystic structure with a discrete wall, separated internal membranes and several 'daughter cysts'. It is characteristic of Hydatid cyst
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Difference between post burn rupture & incised wound-a) Seen in front of the thighb) Intact blood vessels & nerve at floor of the woundc) Bleeding from the woundd) Small and multiple\nChoices:\nA. ac\nB. a\nC. ad... | Heat ruptures are seen on extensor surface (front of thigh) and joints.
Blood vessels and nerves are intact in the floor.
There is no bleeding from heat rupture.
Heat rupture is multiple and may be several centimetres in length.
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Mechanism of direct transfer of free DNA?\nChoices:\nA. Transformation\nB. Conjugation\nC. Transduction\nD. None\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A... | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Transformation Transformation is the transfer of genetic material through the agency of free DNA.
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>The tip of the nose is supplied by -\nChoices:\nA. Maxillary N.\nB. Mandibular N.\nC. Ophthalmic N.\nD. Facial N.\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (... | Tip of nose and lower part of dorsum of nose are supplied by external nasal branch of ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve.
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A 2-year-old boy presents with pain in his groin that has been increasing in nature over the past few weeks. He is found to have a degenerative malformation of the transversalis fascia during development. Which o... | Deep inguinal ring lies in the transversalis fascia, just lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels. Superficial inguinal ring is in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle. Inguinal ligament and the anterior wall of the inguinal canal are formed by the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle. The sac of a d... | B |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>If the life style factor that is causing infertility in a young male is identified. Which of the following life style modification will have no effect?\nChoices:\nA. Weight gain\nB. Less exercise\nC. Vegetarian d... | Ans. c, i.e. Vegetarian diet style="font-size: 1.04761904761905em; text-decoration: underline; color: rgba(0, 102, 204, 1); font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif"> style="font-size: 1.04761904761905em; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif">Ref: ; articles/exercise-fertility.htmlVegetarian diet will have mini... | C |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Right hepatic duct drains all, except-\nChoices:\nA. Segment I\nB. Segment III\nC. Segment V\nD. Segment VI\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, ... | Segments V, and VI are part of the right hepatic lobe and are therefore drain into the right hepatic duct.
Segments III is a part of the left hepatic lobe and is, therefore, drains into the left hepatic duct.
Segment I (Caudate lobe), though anatomically is a part of the left lobe, is functionally is part of both right... | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Desmodont is another name for:\nChoices:\nA. The tooth with one wall pocket\nB. Tooth with three walled pocket\nC. Periodontal ligament\nD. Dehiscence\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and ... |
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Schizophrenia with the worst prognosis\nChoices:\nA. Catatonic\nB. Paranoid\nC. Hebephrenic\nD. Undifferentiated\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A... | Hebephrenic schizophrenia Key Symptoms: Disorganized speech, behavior (often silly/ shallow) and flat or inappropriate affect Order of prognosis from good to bad in Schizophrenia: Catatonic > Paranoid > Undifferentiated > Hebephrenic > Simple Reference: Oxford Handbook of psychiatry; 3rd edition; Chapter 6; Schizophren... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Gastrointestinal enteritis necroticans is caused by\nChoices:\nA. Clostridium difficale\nB. Clostridium perfringens\nC. Clostridium botulinum\nD. Clostridium Jejuni\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in... | Necrotizing enteritis: severe and fatal enteritis. Caused by Clostridium perfringes type C strains produce heat-resistant spores that germinate in intestine producing a beta toxin causing mucosal necrosis. Immunization with type C toxoid has been shown to protect against this condition. Reference: Textbook of Microbiol... | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>a young male develops serous otitis media of the left ear with cough, occassional hemoptysis, hematuria and epistaxis for 2months.hb is 7.5 g% with heavy protienuria, bp 170/100 mmhg, RA -ve and anca +ve the most... | Wegener Granulomatosis * Triad of: -- Acute necrotizing granuloma of U or L -- Necrotizing or granulomatous vasculitis of small-medium vessels -- Renal disease: crescentic glomerulonephritis * C-ANCA in 95% of cases * Diagnosis -- cANCA * 95% sensitive in generalized disease * 60% sensitive in localized disease -- FBC,... | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Best method of estimation of amount of proteinuria in a child with nephrotic syndrome is -\nChoices:\nA. Dipstick testing\nB. 24 hr urine for protein and creatinine\nC. Spot urine sample for protein/ creatinine r... | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 24 hr urine for protein and creatinine Methods Available to Test for ProteinuriaMethodIndicationsNormal RangeCommentsDipstick testingRoutine screening for proteinuria performed in the officeNegative of trace in a concentrated urine specimen (specific gravity: > 1.020)False-positive test can occur if u... | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Treatment of choice in 11 years old children with hepatitic C infections\nChoices:\nA. Vaccine\nB. Interferon\nC. Gamma - globulin\nD. Corticosteroids\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and ... | (Interferon) (216- Ghai 6th) (574- CMDT-8) (195-Ghai 7th)* Combined therapy with interferon a2 and ribavirin have yielded better results* Treatment of acute hepatitis C with peg interferon or interferon a for 6-24 weeks appreciably decreases the risk of chronic hepatitis* Ribavirin may be added if HCV DNA fails to clea... | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Skirrow's medium is used for?\nChoices:\nA. Clostridium tetani\nB. Corynebacterium diphtheria\nC. Campylobacter jejuni\nD. Helicobactor pylori\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer... | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Campylobacter jejuni . Media used for cultivation of H. Pylori are : i) Skirrow's medium Butzler's medium iii) Compy BAP medium
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Epithelium lining of lingual surface of epiglottis is:\nChoices:\nA. Simple columnar\nB. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar\nC. Simple cuboidal\nD. Stratified squamous epithelium\n</Question>\nAt the end present ... | Epiglottis has two surfaces, the lingual surface is lined by oral epithelium, which is stratified squamous epithelium. The laryngeal surface has respiratory epithelium-pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells.
Larynx is lined by respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified ciliated co... | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>String of pearl appearance seen in:\nChoices:\nA. Clostridium\nB. Bacillus anthracis\nC. Pneumococcus\nD. Staph, aureus\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase le... | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Bacillus anthracisOn penicillin agar-string of pearl appearance is seen and in Gelatin stab culture inverted fir tree appearance is seen.
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>what is the child pugh class for patient who has a serum bilirubin of 2.5mg /dL S.albumin 3g/dL INR of 2 =Mild Ascites is present but there is no encephalopathy\nChoices:\nA. CP- A\nB. CP-B\nC. CP-C\nD. CP-D\n</Q... | REF : BAILEY AND LOVE 27TH ED
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Bidextrous grasp appears at:\nChoices:\nA. 3 months\nB. 4 months\nC. 5 months\nD. 6 months\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D).",
"... | 16 weeks - Tries to reach cube, but overshoots and misses. 20 weeks- Able to grasp voluntarily, Bidextrous approach 24 weeks- More mature grasp, Drops one cube when another is given. 28 weeks- Unidextrous approach, Bangs cube on table. Transfers. Retains one when another is given. Ref: Illingwoh's " The development of ... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Posterior pa of hypothalamus is concerned with:March 2013\nChoices:\nA. Regulation of sexual function\nB. Role in circadian rhythm\nC. Regulation of response to smell\nD. Secretion of posterior pituitary hormones... | Ans. C i.e. Regulation of response to smell
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>True about small bowel diveicula\nChoices:\nA. Contains all the layers of bowel wall\nB. Seen in terminal ileum\nC. Radiographically not visualized\nD. Surgical treatment is not required\n</Question>\nAt the end ... | .Eighty percent of intestinal obstruction occurs in small bowel; 20% in colon. 70% of colonic obstruction is due to malignancy. Other 30% is due to volvulus; divei-culitis, inflammatory cause like tuberculosis, etc.small bowel diveicula usually contains all layers of bowel wall. ref:SRB's manual of surgery,ed 5,pg no 8... | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>The commonest cailage to ossify is\nChoices:\nA. Hyaline\nB. Elastic\nC. Fibrous\nD. Fibroelastic\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D)."... | The epiphyseal plate (or epiphysial plate, physis, or growth plate) is a hyaline cailage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone. It is the pa of a long bone where new bone growth takes place; that is, the whole bone is alive, with maintenance remodeling throughout its existing bone tissue, but the growth pl... | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A 65 year old man has stools positive for occult blood which of the following is most likely location of bowel cancer\nChoices:\nA. Sigmoid\nB. Transverse colon\nC. Appendix\nD. Ascending colon\n</Question>\nAt t... | Distal colon cancers are M/C.
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Placido disc is useful for detecting:\nChoices:\nA. Microcornea\nB. Megalocornea\nC. Corneal scars\nD. Keratoconus\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter ... | Placido disc Placido disc is a type of video-keratoscopy which helps understand details about the corneal surface and anterior curvature -In normal cornea , there is no distoion of reflected pattern - In keratoconus , there is distoion of reflected pattern
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Most common tumor of spine is: September 2008\nChoices:\nA. Secondaries\nB. Ewings sarcoma\nC. Oteosarcoma\nD. Multiple myeloma\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppe... | Ans. A: Secondaries Metastatic tumors in the bone are the commoner than primary bone tumors. Imaging for spinal tumors Plain films-80% are abnormal. Some findings are the "winking owl's eye" due to pedicle involvement, pathological compression fracture, veebral body scalloping, osteoblastic changes (prostate cancer, mu... | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>In papillary Ca thyroid all are true except\nChoices:\nA. Most common thyroid cancer\nB. Psammoma bodies seen\nC. Not encapsulated\nD. Blood borne metastasis is common\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer... | Most common thyroid cancer (70-80%) Histologically the tumour shows papillary projections (psammoma bodies) and characteristic pale, empty nuclei (Orphan Annie-eyed nuclei). Papillary carcinomas are very seldom encapsulated. Spread to the lymph nodes is common, but blood-borne metastases are unusual unless the tumour i... | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Earliest histological change in MI ?\nChoices:\nA. Macrophage infiltration\nB. Neutrophilic infiltration\nC. Waviness of fibers\nD. Coagulative necrosis\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> an... | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Waviness
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Retinitis pigmentosa is a feature of all except:\nChoices:\nA. Refsum's disease\nB. Hallervorden-Spatz disease\nC. NARP\nD. Abetalipoproteinemia\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answ... | Now Hallervorden Spatz doesn't have RP as a feature. Remember RP associations by mnemonic LUCHR. *Lawrence moon Beidel syndrome *Usher *Cockayne *Hallgren *Refsum Other associations: NARP, Abetalipoproteinemia
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>True about pulsus paradoxus is -\nChoices:\nA. Arm-tongue circulation time is increased\nB. T Stroke volume\nC. seen in pericardial tamponade\nD. seen in severe left ventricular hea failure\n</Question>\nAt the e... | Pulsus paradoxus refers to a fall in systolic pressure >10 mmHg with inspiration that is seen in patients with pericardial tamponade but also is described in those with massive pulmonary embolism, hemorrhagic shock, severe obstructive lung disease, and tension pneumothorax. Pulsus paradoxus is measured by noting the di... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A female patient presented with depressed mood, loss of appetite and no interest in surroundings. There is associated insomnia. The onset of depression was preceeded by a history of business loss and soon after i... | SSRI are the drug of choice now . As TCAs have anticholinergic, cardiovascular and neurological side effects. They have low safety margin and have a lag time of 2-4 weeks before anti depressant action manifest. Hence SSRI are used based on side effect profile. ref: K D Tripati 8th ed.
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A study under australian collaborative trial on steroids use in neonates was done. \\V hick of the following is true?\nChoices:\nA. No difference between placebo and corticosteroid\nB. Corticosteroid to children ... | Ans. b. Corticosteroid to children causes behavioral worsening , 0.98 - 1.10; adjusted P = . 20).Both groups of children were also similar in body size, blood pressure, use of health services, respiratory morbidity and child behavior scores.However, children whose mothers received repeat doses of corticosteroids were m... | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>The operative procedure known as “micro fracture” is done for the\nChoices:\nA. Delayed union of femur\nB. Nonunion of tibia\nC. Loose bodies of ankle joint\nD. Osteochondral defect of femur\n</Question>\nAt the ... | Microfracture is an orthopedic procedure used to treat osteochondral defects (damaged areas of articular cartilage of
the knee).
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Extreme widening of the periodontal ligament as seen in the radiograph is the characteristic feature of:\nChoices:\nA. Scleroderma\nB. Paget's disease\nC. Pemphigus\nD. All of the above\n</Question>\nAt the end p... | Extreme widening of the periodontal ligament, two to four times the normal thickness has been reported originally by Stafne and Austin as characteristic of scleroderma.
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Dyslexia is characterized by all Except\nChoices:\nA. Mental retardation\nB. Inability to interpret written language\nC. Familial\nD. Retardation reading\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> a... | Dyslexia (reading disorder) is included in ICD-10 in a separate category of symbolic dysfunction. It is described as unexpected difficulty in reading,that is, unexpected in relation to intelligence, chronological age/grade level, education, or professional statusIn typical readers, development of reading and IQ are dyn... | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Most chemoresistani tumors among the following is:\nChoices:\nA. Synol sarcoma\nB. Osteosarcoma\nC. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma\nD. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <a... | Malignant fibrous histiocytoma Repeat Nov 2006 Of the given options Malignant fibrous histiocytoma appears to be most chemoresistant. Chemotherapy forms a pa of t/t of all the other three options, whereas only surgery & radiotherapy are the t/t options for malignant fibrous histiocytoma (see the above references) Chemo... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which is the WRONG way to apply dam using a wingless clamp?\nChoices:\nA. Put the clamp on the tooth\nB. Place the dam on the tooth with fingers, and then position the clamp over it\nC. Attach the dam over the cl... |
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following conditions needs emergency endotracheal intubation?\nChoices:\nA. GCS<7\nB. Tension pneumothorax\nC. Cardiac tamponade\nD. Bleeding gastric ulcer\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answe... | Ans. is 'a' i.e., GCS < 7 o See above explanation
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>NOT RELATED-PSYCHIATRY Delusion is the disorder of\nChoices:\nA. Thought\nB. Perception\nC. Always organic\nD. Always psychiatric\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an up... | DELUSION is false belief in something that is not true.Types of delusions are:1. Primary delusions (autochthonous delusions): Arise denovo, cannot be explained on the basis of other experiences or perceptions. They are characteristic of early schizophrenia.2. Secondary delusions: Commonest delusions seen in clinical pr... | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>All of the following can cause SLE-like syndrome except\nChoices:\nA. Isoniazid\nB. Penicillin\nC. Hydralazine\nD. Sulphonamide\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppe... | Hydralazine, procainamide, sulphonamide, isoniazid- causes SLE like syndrome Also, these drugs undergo acetylation Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which vitamin deficiency is responsible for neonatal seizure -\nChoices:\nA. Pyridoxine\nB. Vitamin C\nC. Thiamine\nD. Cobalamin\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an upp... | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pyridoxin o Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) dependency with seizures is an autosomal recessive condition. o It is due to GABA deficiency in the brain, which is presumbly caused by decreased activity of GAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase). o Administration of large doses of pyridoxin usually results in a dramati... | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>In Wilson disease, hepatic copper content usually exceeds_____________ dry weight\nChoices:\nA. 200 mg/g\nB. 250 mg/g\nC. 300 mg/g\nD. 350 mg/g\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answe... | In Wilson's disease, hepatic copper content usually exceeds 250 mg/g dry weight (>4 mmol/g dry weight is the best biochemical evidence for Wilson disease).
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following range shows the generation time for leprosy bacillus?\nChoices:\nA. 8-10 days\nB. 10-12 days\nC. 12-15 days\nD. 15-20 days\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </ans... | M. leprae cell division is by transverse fission. In mice, and presumably in man, it divides every 12-13 days (growth rate, mean generation or doubling time). This is a uniquely slow rate of multiplication even for slow-growing mycobacteria (M. tuberculosis, which also belongs to the slow-growing group, divides in abou... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Not true about congenital PUJ obstruction is -\nChoices:\nA. Can be associated with renal agenesis\nB. Can be diagnosed antenatally\nC. b/l in 10 - 15% of cases\nD. Abberant vessels is the most common cause.\n</Q... | It was earlier believed that the aberrant renal vessels is responsible for causing the cong. PUJ obstruction Bailey writes that - "Aberrant vessels probably do not cause hydronephrosis, although a hydronephrotic renal pelvis may bulge between renal vessels."
Cambells Urology writes - "whether the aberrant vessel causes... | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A 37 year old female has a contracture involving the third digit of her left hand that prevents her from fully extending this finger. The lesion has gradually developed over the past 6 months. A firm, hard, cordl... | She has superficial fibromatosis that has produced a lesion best known as a Dupuytren contracture. These lesions contain mature fibroblasts surrounded by dense collagen. A hard, firm lesion of this size is unlikely to be a malignancy. An injury with granulation tissue should give rise to a stable scar, without such sev... | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A periodontal pocket of 6 mm deep lying coronal to the\njunctional epithelium is:\nChoices:\nA. Infrabony pocket\nB. Periodontal pocket\nC. True pocket\nD. Pseudopocket\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answe... |
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Hemodialysis is used in all EXCEPT:\nChoices:\nA. Barbiturates\nB. Organophosphates\nC. Salicylates\nD. Theophylline poisoning\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an upper... | B i.e. Organophosphates
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Sex determination in early pregnancy Is done by:\nChoices:\nA. X-rays\nB. Amniocentesis\nC. Ultrasound\nD. Hysteroscopy\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase le... | Ultrasound
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Metabolic alkalosis seen in following except\nChoices:\nA. Methanol poisoning\nB. Cushing's disease\nC. Vomiting\nD. Diuretic therapy\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using a... | Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis I. Exogenous HCO3-loads A. Acute alkali administration B. Milk-alkali syndrome II. Effective ECFV contraction, normotension, K+ deficiency, and secondary hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronism A. Gastrointestinal origin 1. Vomiting 2. Gastric aspiration 3. Congenital chloridorrhea 4. Villous ad... | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Alpha blocker useful in BPH is:\nChoices:\nA. Phentolamine\nB. Prazosin\nC. Tolazoline\nD. Phenoxybenzamine\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, ... |
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>When the largest diameter and shortest diameter are perpendicular to each other the type o astigmatism is:\nChoices:\nA. Regular\nB. Irregular\nC. Lenticular\nD. Oblique\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answ... | Ans: d (Oblique) Ref: AK Khurana, ed, p. 60-61; 4th p. 36Astigmatism: A type of refractive error in which refraction varies in different meridian so that light entering the eye cannot converge to a point focus but form focal lines.Regular astigmatism: Refractive index changes uniformly: 2 principal mediaIrregular astig... | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Short 4th metacarpal is a feature of\nChoices:\nA. Hypothyroidism\nB. Hyperthyroidism\nC. Pseudohypoparathyroidism\nD. Hypoparathyroidism\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> usi... | Seen in pseudohypoparathyroidism and Pseudo pseudo hypoparathyroidism.
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Confidence limit includes:-\nChoices:\nA. Range and standard detion\nB. Median and standard error\nC. Mean and standard error\nD. Mode and standard detion\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> ... | - Confidence limit includes Mean and standard error. - Confidence limits are the upper and lower boundaries of a confidence interval. Confidence interval is the interval within which a parameter value is expected to lie with ceain confidence levels, as could be revealed by repeated samples. CI= Mean +/- (Z x Standard e... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Loss of insight is seen in\nChoices:\nA. Hysteria\nB. Anxiety\nC. OC neurosis\nD. Schizophrenia\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D).",
... | Ans. is 'D' SchizophreniaLoss of insight is seen in Psychotic disorders which includeSchizophrenia*Mood disorders (Mania, Depression, MDP) *Delusional disorder*
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Post mortem appearance of haemorrhagic spots in mucosa is seen in:\nChoices:\nA. Mercury\nB. Strychnine\nC. Thallium\nD. Arsenic\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an upp... | Ans: d (Arsenic) Ref: Reddy, 27th ed, p. 4 73Haemorrhagic spots in mucosa is seen in arsenic poisoningArsenic:It is one of the most popular homicidal poisonIt is tasteless, odourless and mixed with foodFeatures of arsenic poisoning> Fatal dose 120- 200 mg> Mees line in nails> Haemorrhagic spots in mucosa> Raindrop pigm... | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>In which of the following conditions is the formation of a calcium-containing kidney stone NOT likely?\nChoices:\nA. Parathyroid adenoma\nB. Multiple myeloma\nC. Sarcoidosis\nD. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome\n</Question>\... | Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is characterized by inherited overproduction of uric acid due to deficiency of an enzyme in the uric acid synthetic pathway. Hyperuricemia causes recurrent uric acid nephrolithiasis. Some of the many causes of hypercalcemia are enumerated as follows: (All of these conditions may cause calcium nephr... | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Penumococcal meningitis is associated with the following CSF findings\nChoices:\nA. Pleocytosis with low protein and low sugar\nB. Pleocytosis with high protein and low sugar\nC. Lymphocytosis low protein and low... | Harrison's textbook of internal medicine 17th edition . *Typical finding of CSF in pneumococcal meningitis is increased WBC count (500-10000cells /microL) with _>85%PMNs,an elevated protein level(100-500mg/DL)and decreased glucose level(<30mg/DL).
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
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