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Project summary: The global aim of our studies is to optimize clinical trial methodology in the field of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) to maximize the chance of demonstrating benefit of new therapies. The proposal concerns a combined methodological and clinically orientated research project involving multidisciplinary e...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Important unanswered questions concerning B12-dependent enzymic processes are: What are the conformational changes which promote the rate of homolytic cleavage of the Co-C bond of coenzyme B12 by a factor of 10-10 and which favor homolytic over heterolytic cleavage in B12 holoenzymes? Why is the Co- N(DMBz) bond so lon...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The hypothesis is that R108512 dose dependently accelerates colonic transit in patients with functional constipation or constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. The specific aim of this study is to measure gastric, small bowel, and colonic transit in 40 patients with functional constipation or constipation-pr...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Antibiotic resistant bacterial infections caused by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens pose a serious threat to human health. Resistance is increasing while research into new antibiotics and possible new targets is lagging. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are surrounded by a cross-linked carbo...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The studies of the cytochrome P450 (P450) arachidonic acid (AA) monooxygenase, now established as a major pathway for the bioactivation of endogenous AA, uncovered new and important functional roles for this enzyme system in cell and organ physiology. The most extensively characterized of the P450-derived metabolites, ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Despite the fact that student veteran populations on college campuses stand to dramatically increase following the passage of the Post-9/11 Veterans Education Assistance Act of 2008 (commonly referred to as the "new GI Bill"), little is known about the health issues, specifically alcohol-related, of veterans as they sh...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The long-term goal of this project is to design and evaluate practical image enhancement methods that would enable people with impaired vision, particularly those with central field loss due to age-related macular disease, to enjoy and benefit from the spread of video technology. Towards this goal, we are developing en...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Hypofractionated high dose radiation therapy is an increasingly important treatment approach. Image guidance is imperative to ensure accurate patient positioning and to allow the use of tight treatment margin for high dose delivery. At present, the prevailing guidance method employs x- ray imaging to provide 3D volumet...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The discovery and development of RNA interference and especially the breakthrough of using small interfering RNAs (siRNA) to inhibit gene expression is revolutionizingbiology and opening new avenues for developing novel therapeutics. Despite the current usefulness of the technology, a bottleneck exists for quickly find...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The objective of the research project is to elucidate the structure, function and metabolism of human apolipoproteins and, in particular, those proteins present in very low density lipoproteins. The studies include an investigation at the molecular level of the interaction of pure lipoprotein lipase with its activator ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Much evidence implicates the involvement of the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor in anxiety and depression. 5-HT1A receptor agonists display anxiolytic/antidepressant effects, and 5-HT1A receptor function is altered after repeated treatment with anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs. While much data has accumulated about 5- HT1...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The objective of this project is to study the mechanisms involved in androgen mediated gene expression in the rat prostate and the seminal vesicle. Protein synthesis patterns have been analyzed by 2D gel electrophoresis in castrate and testosterone stimulated prostate and seminal vesicle. A major group of secretory pro...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The functional role of lymphoid cells, including the macrophages (M phi) and T and B lymphocytes and their soluble mediators in the induction of an IgA immune response will be studied in vitro. Optimal in vitro culture conditions for enumeration of IgA antibody (plaque) forming cells (PFC) following stimulation with T ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Cell and Tissue Core Introduction to revised application: We appreciate the study section recommending approval this Core with an excellent/outstanding descriptor. The following concerns or suggestions were described by the reviewers: Transport of tissue from the Vanderbilt Center to Yale: As suggested by reviewer 1, "...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The architectural complexity of the retina is brought about by a series of developmental events controlling" proliferation, fate determination, migration, process outgrowth, target recognition, synaptogenesis and cell death. These processes establish a precisely layered structure in which retinal neurons become positio...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The misuse of an addiction to opioid medications has become the most rapidly increasing drug problem in the US, which has consequences for pregnant mothers and their babies. The prevalence of maternal opioid drug use at the time of delivery in California is approximately one percent. The neonatal abstinence syndrome (N...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The goal of this research is to develop new methods for the design and synthesis of Type-III Peptidomimetic inhibitors of aspartic proteases. A Type-III mimetic, is an organic structure, distinctly different in shape and atom type from a peptide substrate, that binds so as to complement the local topography in the enzy...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a herpesvirus, is a probable human cancer virus as it is oncogenic in sub-human primates, transforms human B lymphocytes in vitro, causes a human lymphoproliferative disorder and the tumor cells in endemic Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma contain the EBV genome. EBV is also stro...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Learning to communicate using natural language is a uniquely human capacity that underlies the exchange of information among people. There is as yet no consensus concerning how susceptible this process is to environmental and biological variation. The proposed Program Project addresses this issue, with a focus on how l...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This is a competing continuation to further localize and identify a gene for early onset primary torsion dystonia (PTD). The gene under study is DYT6, one of several genes that can cause this disease. 1)They plan to examine 30 families in which 3 or more members are affected with PTD. They will also examine 50 simplex ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Children and young adults who were exposed to alcohol during fetal life show emotional disturbances such as depression, anxiety, attention deficit, and hyperactivity. Animal studies have linked the behavioral abnormalities to problems in the stress axis function, particularly the hyperresponsiveness of corticotrophin-r...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The proposal outlines the start of a methodological research program that should serve to enhance the study of chronic disability over time and the availability of such data and analyses to researchers. It focuses on disability data rising form the National Long Term Care Survey (NLTCS) and statistical method currently...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Our objective is to study the pathogenic relationship between human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma at the molecular level. Our goal is to fill the gap between putative "hepatoma oncogene" and HBV chronic infection/integration. The major effort will be to examine potential amplif...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The recent discovery of genes responsible for the potassium leak currents, the KCNK family of potassium channels, has created the opportunity to directly target arrhythmogenic triggers of atrial fibrillation, rather than merely trying to contain them through pulmonary vein isolation. Expression of the KCNK0 gene in neu...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The objectives are: (1) to further characterize human 6-phosphofructokinase (PFK; EC. 2.7.1.11) isozymes in terms of their biochemical properties, cellular and subcellular localization, and the nature of the enzymatic lesions and their metabolic consequences in inherited PFK deficiency states; and (2) to undertake a de...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Training in epidemiology and outcomes research is essential to prepare the next generation of researchers in a rapidly moving field. Discoveries in genetics, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of several Gl and liver disorders have been made at a very rapid pace over the past few years. Modern clinical and trans...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The transforming proteins encoded by the type C virus, but clearly of host cell origin, provide potential transplantation antigens that will understandably be of direct importance in cancer. This project is focused on the production of monoclonal antibodies to these proteins that will result in the evaluation of these ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This project is designed to study morphological and functional changes in the neural substrate for a learned behavior. Zebra finches (Poephila guttata) will be used as an animal model in which to investigate factors regulating structural plasticity in developing and adult brain, trophic interactions in vertebrate fore ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Loss of function through ablation of genes of importance in mice has been commonly employed in the field to generate animal model to study receptor and cpregulator function in diseases. However, many diseases are caused by gain of function through amplification or over-expression of coregulators and receptors. Thus, ov...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Monoclonal antibodies against T cell surface markers have been used experimentally in vivo in an attempt to delete T cells and allow for subsequent tolerance to foreign transplantation antigens. One such monoclonal antibody OKT3, directed against the CD3 delta chain of human T cell receptor complex has been shown to ha...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Turnover of cells and matrix in bone occur through osteonal remodeling, wherein resorption removes and osteoblastic infilling replaces microscopic regions of compact bone that have reached the end of their functional life. Imbalances in this turnover process can lead to impaired bone quality and increased fragility. Ho...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Physical and chemical techniques will be developed for the analysis of the structure of complex macromolecular assemblies or organells. The major goal is information on the conformation of individual assembled components and proximity relationship between components. Techniques will include singlet energy transfer fluo...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
A pilot multicentered interactive data bank project restricted to traumatic coma has been implemented. The objectives of the study are: 1. To utilize a uniform clinical vocabulary and method of data input. 2. To evaluate the feasibility of a multicentered traumatic coma data bank system to examine: a. The ability of di...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Up to one third of the 700,000 men and women who served in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm during the 1990-1991 Gulf War (GW) have developed a chronic multisystem illness known as Gulf War Veterans' Illness (GWVI). Neurobehavioral findings include memory problems, executive system deficits, slowed motor and p...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The enteroendocrine cells, which comprise approximately 1% of epithelial cells in the gastrointestinal tract, represent the largest population of hormone-producing cells in the body. The enteroendocrine cells share a common lineage with other non-endocrine cell lineages and originate from primitive intestinal stem cell...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This proposal is concerned with further studies of in vitro culture systems able to support the various developmental forms of salivarian trypanosomes (Trypanosoma brucei sspp. and T. congolense) found in the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. First, attention will be given to the reproduction of the entire life cycle ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Validated clinical pharmacodynamic (PD) assays that reliably quantify drug effects on molecular targets in tissue specimens are critical tools for converting molecular oncology breakthroughs into targeted therapeutics, and subsequently for translating these new drugs into patients by confirming that they work as intend...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The third categorical seminar hosted by the Principal Investigator and Dr. Jean-Luc Urbain will be held in Toronto, Ontario on Saturday 23 June, 2001, again one day before the beginning of the Society of Nuclear Medicine Annual Meeting. A complete list of speakers has not yet been finalized. The main objective of this ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine have been implicated in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation. However, a direct role has been demonstrated only for spermidine in DNA replication. We have previously shown that spermidine is required for both murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cell pr...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The role of procoagulant hemostatic factors in atherogenesis has been enigmatic. Increased plasma concentrations of procoagulants in youth may reflect early plaque development, and rising levels of procoagulants may mirror the severity and extent of vessel wall involvement by the disease. Insight into these processes m...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The goal of the MSK SPORE in Lymphoma is to improve the cure rate of patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma, through a collaborative effort between three New York City institutions: 1) Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK), 2) Weill Cornell Medical College (WCMC), and 3) Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Aging is associated with progressive lose of skeletal muscle mass and strength referred to as sarcopenia, a significant risk factor for disability, fraily, and mortality. Epidemiologically, muscle weakness defined based on a single measurement of hand grip strength has repeatedly proven to correlate with subsequent adv...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This research will determine the functional abilities and the architectural dimensional needs of 500 people with arthritis. Architectural dimensional needs refers to those building specifications that make the building more accessible to the handicapped. A random sample of clinics in Tucson will be used to obtain the w...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
During this past year (2011-2012) our laboratory built upon the foundation begun in 2008 to explore the interface between the malaria parasite and the host immune system. We have continued to collaborate with Dr. Rick Fairhurst (LMVR) and Dr. Mahamadou Diakite (MRTC) on a 4-year longitudinal study of 1400 children in 3...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Millions of Americans now entering midlife and old age were exposed to high levels of lead, a neurotoxin, as children. Evidence from animal and observational studies suggest that children exposed to lead may be at elevated risk for dementia in old age. More evidence is needed to characterize the nature of this risk. Su...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Growing subjects are in a state of positive K balance and have a limited ability to excrete K. This suggests that the immature kidney has a limited capacity for K secretion and/or enhanced ability to reabsorb K. The major regulatory site of K secretion in the kidney is the cortical collecting duct (CCD). In contrast to...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The goal of this research is to improve our understanding of respiratory, metabolic and cardiovascular control during exercise and to elucidate the mechanisms by which diseases limit work performance. Computerized data analysis will be used to yield accurate descriptions of dynamic physiological responses to exercise. ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Understanding peptide structure and dynamics is of great interest in chemistry and biology. EPR methods have been used to rank distances between side chains in doubly labeled peptides, [unreadable]thereby revealing local folding geometry. Recently, EPR of site-specific spin labeled peptides has been shown to be an exce...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Glutamate-mediated neurotransmission is the main form of excitatory neurotransmission in the vertebrate nervous system and is largely dependent on the proper function of the AMPA receptor, one of the most commonly found receptors in the central nervous system. The research plan outlined in this proposal will directly a...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Centromeres of eukaryotic chromosomes are specific regions along the chromatin fiber that play a fundamental role in chromosome movement during cell division. Centromere DNA sequences isolated from the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, enable foreign DNA introduced into yeast to function as ordinary yeast chromosomes du...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The objective of the project is to form a self-assembled monolayer containing a cyclodextrin functionalized with thiol groups on the primary side and flavin on the secondary side. The large molecular weight of this compound makes FAB-MS analysis necessary.	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This proposal requests partial funding for a national conference, "Recommendations for independence: Prevention of Secondary Conditions in Two Primary Disabilities, Spina Bifida and Cerebral Palsy." The broad aims of the project are to support prevention of secondary conditions that have a negative impact on the abilit...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
We greatly appreciate the opportunity to submit this Challenge Grant to NIMH under: (15) Translational Science, 15-MH-108, Screening approaches to identify pharmacologic treatments for mental disorders. The objective of this grant is to implement a high throughput screen for small molecules that potentiate the activity...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION: The project evaluates effectiveness of five, theoretically motivated treatment programs for young children with developmental, language-based reading disabilities. Treatments are based upon evidence that: 1) developmental reading problems are due to multiple, core linguistic and cognitive deficits, primari...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Globally, tobacco use accounts for 4.9 million deaths each year, including 400,000 in the U.S. These deaths are caused by inhaled smoke toxicants like carcinogens, carbon monoxide (CO), and nitric oxide (NO). Another smoke toxicant, nicotine, produces dependence with prolonged use. Cigarette smoke toxicant content and ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This program is devoted to the characterization of metalloenzyme active sites through the use of multinuclear, multifrequency (9; 35; 95 GHz) CW and pulsed electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) and electron spin-echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) spectroscopies. Emphasis is placed on key catalytic intermediates prepa...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The rise in obesity has led to increased prevalence of metabolic disease including diabetes, fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and others. Veterans suffer from these diseases at a disproportional rate relative to the general population. Additionally, obesity and diabetes are strongly linked with post-traumat...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The resistance to curative therapy in multiple myeloma (MM) may be linked to its genomic instability, accentuated by survival signals provided by the marrow microenvironment (ME). Toward the P01's grand theme of MM growth control, the overall goal of this project is to increase the frequency of durable CR as a prerequi...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
More than a decade ago, we reported that among dendritic cells, EpCAM was selectively expressed by epidermal Langerhans cells. In the past few years, we have revisited the utility of EpCAM as Langerhans cell surface marker and have extended our earlier studies and demonstrated that EpCAM expression, in conjunction with...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Measure CD spectra of B-hydroxy ketones to correlate and determine absolute molecular configuration. Samples were obtained by chemical synthesis and are enantiomecitally enriched.	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The central hypothesis of this proposal is that there is an abnormal qualitative and quantitative distribution of gangliosides in malignant gliomas and medulloblastomas, perhaps similar to fetal brain, but different from normal adult tissues, especially normal adult neurons and glia. Biochemical analyses will first cha...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The gram-negative enterobacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila mutualistically colonizes the intestines of S. carpocapsae infective juvenile nematodes. The objective of this project is a structural and functional analysis of X. nematophila Nil A, B and C membrane proteins that are required for colonization of S. carpocapsae...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Overexpression of PKC, a cytoplasmic serine/threonine kinase involved in signal transduction, may promote the development and maintenance of tumors. We have previously reported safety and activity of ISIS 3521 at 2.0 mg/kg by a 21 day CI. The present study explored an alternate schedule of 24 hr CI once weekly. Between...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Diseases caused by retroviruses such as AIDS and leukemia have intensified the need to understand the mechanisms of retrovirus replication. Our primary objectives are to understand how reverse transcription of viral mRNA occurs and how the cDNA products are integrated into the genome of infected cells. Owing to their s...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The core will provide important resources necessary for each project's data-gathering, statistical analysis and interproject coordination. Dr. Dennis Spencer will be responsible for selecting patients appropriate for this study, providing the tissue, arranging weekly conferences to maintain interproject integrity; he w...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Hedgehog proteins are secreted signaling molecules that regulate the growth and differentiation of cells during animal development. Hedgehogs meet the classical definition of a morphogen by forming gradients of decreasing concentration that emanate from sites of secretion and induce differentiation of distinct cell typ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA; OMIM 229300) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease caused by reduced levels of the mitochondrial protein frataxin (FXN), which is due to large expansions of a repetitive GAA sequence located in the first intron of the FXN gene. The expanded GAA repeat tract inhibits transcription ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Increasing evidence suggests that susceptibility to cancer may be determined in part by low-penetrance genes, such as genes involved in the synthesis and metabolism of hormones or the metabolism of toxic substances. Many of these genes have been found to be polymorphic, with different actions depending on the polymorph...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Phospholipase A2S (PLA2S) are essential in the proliferation and differentiation of human epidermis. Strong evidence supports their roles in regulating skin eicosanoid production, formation of the permeability barrier, protection from bacterial invasion, and wound healing. Despite their abundance and very robust activi...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Bacterial pathogens must acquire iron to replicate and survive in mammalian hosts. The iron-porphyrin heme, bound to circulating hemoglobin, contains up to 80% of bodily iron. This fact has led to the hypothesis, which is backed by experimental evidence, that heme serves as a source of iron during infection. However, i...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The efforts planned for this Core, are modeled on the components that have been demonstrated in the previous period of the PPG to enable high productivity and efficient integration. This core is a hub of PPG activities and provides administrative support, and guidance without micromanaging individual project teams. The...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The objectives of the Indianapolis Center for Sickle Cell Disease are: To screen approximately 6,000 individuals in the metropolitan area per year and to provide appropriate education and counseling to individuals found to have a hemoglobinopathy. To educate the professional and lay public for better understanding of s...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The overall goal of this proposal is to develop the ability to detect and quantitate changes in gene expression in real-time and with a degree of sensitivity suitable to monitor minor changes at a single cell level. This will have considerable value in basic biomedical research, disease mechanism studies and diagnosis,...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is known to be co-localized, with norepinephrine (NE) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in vascular sympathetic neurons where it is thought to play a role as a co-transmitter/co-modulator. Recent evidence has established that NPYplays a physiological role in sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This project is predominantly based on a cross sectional self-administered mailed survey designed to address the type and frequency of ethical dilemmas faced by physicians, how they approach them, the types of ethical support they would find useful in addressing these ethical dilemmas, and their attitudes and practices...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The broad objectives of this work are to provide new computer simulation tools that will enable the detailed analysis of the role of molecular diffusion in biological processes at the subcellular and cellular levels, and the application of these tools to selected problems where close contact with experimental work is p...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Text4baby if a free mobile health education service that provides pregnant women and mothers with an infant less than one year of age with free health messages. An educational program led by the National Healthy Mothers, Healthy Baby Coalition (HMHB), text4baby is intended to help women,have safe and healthy pregnancie...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION: Cholecystokinin plays a major role in the mediation of pancreatic secretion and gallbladder contraction after a meal, however little is known about the mechanisms regulating its secretion. During previous cycles of this grant, the investigator explored mechanisms responsible for feedback modulation of CCK ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease and a prime candidate for gene therapy. CF represents a major target for gene therapy research as the airway epithelium is relatively isolated and, theoretically, readily accessible by nebulized vectors. However, CF gene therapy faces the same obstacles that preven...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The proteasome, located in the cytosol and nucleus of eukaryotic cells, plays a central role in cellular regulation by controlling the concentrations of hundreds of regulatory proteins, removing misfolded proteins, and producing some peptides displayed in antigen presentation. It is an approx. 2MDa cylindrical particle...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This proposal describes a highly innovative approach for the treatment of cancer. One of the primary modalities for cancer treatment involves the use of chemotherapeutic agents. While useful, all of these drugs manifest substantial side effects. Thus, their use requires a tradeoff between eradicating the cancer on the ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The TRP superfamily comprises a large group of cation channels with homology to the Drosophila TRP channel, which plays a key role in phototransduction. Among the seven TRP subfamilies, the TRPP proteins are of particular interest because mutations in the founding member, PKD2, result in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic K...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The broad long term objective of the proposed research is to gain insight into the biological role of gamma delta T cell receptor (TCR) bearing lymphocytes. In part, lymphocyte functions are defined by the ligands their receptors can recognize. We have therefore undertaken to identify ligand for gamma delta TCRs and to...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
ProjectSummary Themicroenvironmentplaysauniqueroleinthedevelopmentofmelanoma,whicharisesintheskin.Theskin displays externally visible signs of aging, such as decreased elasticity and a loss of collagen integrity. Much workhasfocusedrecentlyonhowchangesincollagencanaffecttumormetastasis,bothbiomechanicallyand biochemica...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) affects more than 125,000 patients in the US annually, and carries significant morbidity and mortality rates approaching 40%. Despite increased understanding of the initiating events leading to ARDS, therapies directed at these mechanisms have failed to improve the lives o...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
ABSTRACT The delta cell of the pancreatic islet has been barely investigated despite secreting somatostatin (SST), a powerful inhibitory peptide that is essential for the homeostasis of different tissues. In the islet, SST inhibits the secretion of insulin and glucagon, but little is known about the mechanisms that act...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The overall goal of this research is to develop a mechanistic understanding of TGN and vacuole membrane protein sorting and assembly in the yeast Saccharomyces crevisiae. Yeast has proved to be an excellent model system, both for identifying the proteins regulating membrane traffic in eukaryotic cells and for investiga...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The purpose of this project is to develop methodology for analyzing molecular population genetics data. Work has focused on the use of nonparametric methods for localizing susceptibility loci for complex diseases in humans. A strategy for mapping disease loci is to test for association with case-control samples, and fo...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
As malaria continues to remain a major public health challenge in much of the world, the loss of effective and affordable antimalarials through resistance development in malaria parasites is a continuing grave concern. With the parasite genome sequence at hand, there is a renewed hope that a reasonable drug pipeline ca...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Despite progress in defining the pathophysiology of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) and advances in supportive care, mortality remains high at 30-40%, and no specific pharmacological intervention can be recommended for blocking progression of ALI. Thus, recent attention has focused on i...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
One of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the senile plaque, principally composed of the A? peptide. A?1-42, the 42 amino-acid peptide fragment of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), has a striking propensity to aggregate into amyloid fibrils within plaques. A? aggregation appears to be concentr...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION: It is stated that the overall objectives of this research are to apply new methodology for the introduction of nitrogen functionality into organic molecules to the synthesis of the amaryllidaceae alkaloids pancratistatin, crinine and lycorine, aminoglycosides, aminonucleoside precursors, AZT variations, am...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
It was demonstrated by Geschwind and Levitsky (1968) that large left-right asymmetries exist in the cerebral cortex of adult human brains in areas which are probably involved in language functions. These results have been confirmed in hunam infants and fetuses, and in primitive man and non-human primates. This research...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Abstract) This proposal describes a population-based cohort study aimed at describing the family aggregation of age-related cataracts, visual function, intra-ocular pressure, and systemic characteristics of aging, cross-sectionally and longitudinally The population resides in Beaver Dam, Wisco...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The understanding of digestion and absorption of dietary amino acids is incomplete. This study outlines a series of studies which will investigate the availability and metabolism of amino acids given as an enteral load, either as amino acids per se or as intact protein. This protocol addresses metabolic issues with cli...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Programmed cell death occurs in many tissues of our bodies throughout life. The quick and efficient removal of dying cells is a critical step that protects neighboring cells, and is also an important part of tissue remodeling and wound healing. The failure to remove apoptotic bodies has been implicated as a cause for c...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Multifaceted approaches are needed to limit carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, which have emerged as a worldwide public health problem. These multidrug- resistant organisms are associated with high morbidity and mortality that often exceeds 50%, as highly effectiv...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The final common pathway of electrical excitability in neurons is generation of conducted action potentials. Action potentials in nerve and muscle are initiated by activation of voltage-gated sodium channels, and the threshold and frequency of firing which encode information in the nervous system are critically depende...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }

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