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The long-term objective is to define the role of MHC class I transplantation antigens in tumor progression, in order to identify immunological and molecular interactions which might be relevant to the origins and treatment of human cancer. These studies are intended to address the molecular origin and functional signif...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION (adapted from the application): Genetic evidence has implicated three proteins, the beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) and the two homologous presenilins (PS-1 and PS-2), in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The investigator had previously proposed based on precedents in other developmental s...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The effects of lead (Pb) on the developing brain have been studied for decades but there are still gaps in our understanding of how this environmental toxicant influences brain development and function. The modification of Pb's influences on nervous system development and function by genetic background and the manner i...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Uterine fibroids affect 77% of women by menopause in the U.S. and account for $2.1 billion in healthcare costs each year. Until recently, tumor tissu and cell culture studies investigating fibroid growth have been the primary sources for understanding fibroid pathophysiology. Genetic analysis provides a powerful and co...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
A novel computational analysis platform is proposed, which enables collaboration in the discovery and characterization of proteomics biomarkers. The proposed system is a broad academic-commercial collaboration, integrates several prominent proteomics efforts, and marks first major use in proteomics of virtual cluster t...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The goal of the proposed research is the development of novel approaches to ameliorate erythrocyte sickling in individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD). Although this disease was discovered more than a century ago, we still lack effective mechanism-based therapies. This disease is the most prevalent inherited genetic...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Alcohol use Is a significant behavioral cofactor for HIV transmission. The association of alcohol with sexual risk behavior appears especially strong among high-risk adolescents, including adjudicated adolescents, who are at particular risk due to high rates of alcohol use and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Theoretica...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This is an integrated clinical and laboratory program which will examine the determinants of human cell mediated immunity in the context of AIDS. Model studies of Leprosy and Leishmaniasis are evaluating the factors responsible for the emigratory, vascular and maturational responses of human skin to delayed type antige...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION (Scanned from the applicant's description): In the current funding period, we have demonstrated that persistent exposure of the intestine to lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) induces an imbalance in tissue glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) redox status, impairs peroxide detoxication, and disrupts...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
A radiometric technic has been developed for measuring gastric mucosal blood flow using C14-labelled aminopyrine. Close agreement between radiometric and colorimetric technics was found. Using this method an attempt is being made to separate histamine H1 and H2 receptor regulation of mucosal blood flow. Using C14-metia...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Restoration of dental, oral and craniofacial (DOC) tissues lost to disease, injury or congenital disorders is a major goal of oral reconstructive therapy. Tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine (RM) offer strong potential to yield more predictable, less invasive and personalized treatments for patients. The ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
[unreadable] [unreadable] The current application is aimed at providing the Principal Investigator with in-depth training in the area of host-microbial interactions along with formal courses at the graduate level to enhance her research and laboratory skills. The expertise of the sponsor and co-sponsor combined with a ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The processing of gustatory information by neurons in the hamster central nervous system will be studied using both electrophysiological and behavioral techniques. Neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius, parabrachial nucleus, and thalamus that respond to gustatory stimuli will be examined for their responsiveness to...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Project Summary The Connecticut Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory at the University of Connecticut (CVMDL) is fully accredited by AAVLD and a member of the FDA CVM Vet-LRN and USDA's NAHLN. Our participation in the organizations listed above demonstrates our keen interest in investigating emerging animal and zoo...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Platelet aggregation has been shown to be a consistent manifestation of endotoxin shock. It is possible that prostaglandin metabolism is altered by endotoxin as a mechanism for its effect on aggregation. Thromboxane A2, a potent aggregant, is synthesized in the platelet. In the blood vessel wall, a potent anti-aggregan...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Project Summary The coronary vasculature plays essential roles in maintaining a continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients to the heart. Coronary heart disease is a major cause of myocardial infarction and heart failure, which continues to be the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite its importance, the mechanis...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
LRRK2 and Parkinson's disease cell biology Parkinson's disease is a disorder of movement, cognition and emotion, characterized neuropathologically by neuronal degeneration and deposits of protein aggregates termed Lewy bodies. While most cases are sporadic, rare genetic forms of the disease, caused by mutations in alph...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Theoretical studies are made of various molecular isoelectronic changes.	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
For women after menopause and men during hormone therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer, the neurologic disorder known as a hot flash can become a frequent occurrence. This transient hyperthermic shift in body temperature has been linked to the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which acts periph...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Epithelial planar cell polarity (PCP) is present when the cells of a tissue are all polarized along a uniform axis lying in the plane of the epithelium. Physiologically important examples of PCP are found in many vertebrate tissues including the respiratory system, where ciliated cells must be polarized in a uniform di...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
With the majority of persons with intellectual disabilities now living in the community instead of institutions, functional use of money has become a particularly important and challenging special education priority. To address this challenge, Praxis, Inc. has undertaken development of a suite of computer-based softwar...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The Duke Older Americans Independence Center (OAIC) is structured to (1) enhance and support research and (2) research career development in aging research through its Core resources. The central theme of our OAIC is to understand and modify the multiple pathways of functional decline. The OAIC is based in the Duke Cen...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The rise in antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens has rekindled the threat of infectious disease and accompanying morbidity and mortality. Thus, it is imperative that we develop new strategies to combat bacterial infections. Further, new understanding of the beneficial roles of normal host microbiota in human...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
A self-administered dental health program was initiated in Nelson County, Va., a fluoride-deficient community in October 1972. Children in the County's schools, under teacher supervision, chewed and ingested daily a 1 mg F tablet and rinsed weekly with a 0.2% NaF solution. A fluoride dentifrice was provided for ad libi...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Effects of the anesthetics isoflurane, halothane, enflurane, and nitrous oxide upon epicardial coronary dimensions and coronary arteriolar tone will be studied in dogs and humans. The coronary vasculature consists of proximal epicardial coronary arteries that conduct blood from the aorta to myocardium and smaller dista...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION: The overall purpose of this project is to develop, evaluate, and market a more realistic, computer-based driving advisement system. The proposed system will incorporate a number of enhancements into an existing advisement system, the Elemental Driving Simulators (EDS) developed by the applicant organizatio...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Blood flow and rate of oxygen consumption are closely matched in vivo under normal conditions. Coronary flow is regulated through the combined action of metabolic, adrenergic, and mechanical (myogenic and shear) mechanisms. Since vascular mechanical processes are linked to the mechanics of cardiac contraction, understa...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults and one of the most lethal of all cancers, with a median patient survival of 12-15 months despite advanced treatment. There is no effective therapeutic strategy to antagonize GBM malignant growth. Therefore, identification of new molecular targets and ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
A central activity of the ongoing Human Genome Project is the mapping and sequencing of mammalian genomes. The major aims of the Physical Mapping Section are to construct detailed physical maps of vertebrate chromosomes, to facilitate the sequencing of the corresponding DNA, and to utilize the resulting information for...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Our long-term goal is to test the hypothesis that growth factors such as the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) counteract the adverse actions of alcohol and thus prevent or delay the development of alcohol addiction. In the first round of funding we found that the activation of the GDNF pathway in the ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Over 150 million Americans spend - $15 billion/yr for corrective eyewear to compensate for refractive error. Presbyopia, the age related loss of accommodation, affects everyone by about age 50. One quarter of US - sold lenses in 1999 were Progressive Addition Lenses (PALs), used to correct Presbyopia. This fraction wil...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
By combining an Electrospray ionization source and one or more Time of Flight mass filters, one may begin to exploit an important biomedical Mass Spectrometry technique on an instrument platform which is inherently simple in both design and operation, inexpensive and capable of performing the most rigorous time resolve...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The objective of the proposed research is to study the organization of immunogobulin(Ig) genes, their regulated expression through transcription, translation and the synthesis of Ig precursor to provide the two final products - circulating antibodies and the antigen-recognizing receptor on the surface of lymphoid cells...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Chemical and immunologic studies are in progress involving the cell walls of Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis. Both phases of these two fungi are being included but the primary emphasis is on the yeast phase. On the basis of chitin and monosaccharide analyses, as well as ethylenediamine extraction, w...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This is an application is for a proposal for curriculum development of Trauma-focused CBT for children is submitted in response to MH PA-08-080, inviting applications for projects focused on training in validated behavioral treatments. Social workers provide by far the most mental health services in the community. Soci...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The transformation of liver cells to the neoplastic state is accompanied by changes in the cell phenotype. These changes presumably result from modifications in normal control processes. A large body of evidence has accumulated which demonstrates the importance of messenger RNA (m-RNA) in regulating the phenotypic expr...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Diabetic retinopathy is serious, costly and prevalent, especially among minority populations. Annual ophthalmic examinations and appropriate follow-up care would result in substantial savings in preventable vision loss, health care costs, and lost productivity. However, most people do not receive these services. In our...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This grant is aimed at facilitating the continued involvement of investigators at the University of minnesota in the multi- institutional cooperative therapeutic and non-therapeutic studies conducted by the Childrens Cancer Study Group (CCSG). During the past five years, the University of Minnesota has maintained its r...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The use of bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) shows promise as therapeutics for improving bone regeneration; however, high supraphysiological concentrations required for desired osteoinductive effect, costs, and patient variability have prevented the full advantages of BMP-based therapeutics from being realized. Thus, th...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
To further evaluate the use of methotrexate and citrovorum factor rescue in women as a non-surgical treatment for unruptured ectopic pregnancy. Response to treatment will be monitored by serial serum hCG measurement, clinical signs and symptoms and hysterosalpingography 2-3 months later.	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Large-amplitude conformational changes in proteins, including loop motions, relative motions between domains, collective breathing of protein cores, ligand-binding or oligomerization reactions, and overall folding-unfolding events, may be closely coupled, and in some instances rate-limiting, to biological functions suc...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The objective of this study is to determine thresholds and dose-response relationships for the effects of 27-MHz radiofrequency rediation (RF) on mammalian somatic and germ cells in vitro under accurately measured and precisely controlled exposure conditions. The extent to which said effects are dependent upon RF frequ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
We seek five more years of support for the popular Biotechnology Training Program (BTP) at UVA In the first 9 years of funding we built the BTP into a highly interactive community of PhD trainees drawn selectively from an annual Spring competition open to PhD students from all science and engineering departments univer...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The current "gold-standard" for quantitative assessment of steatorrhea, 72-h stool fat, is universally recommended in evaluation of malabsorption but vastly under-utilized because it is tedious and difficult to perform. We propose a novel approach for direct measurement of steatorrhea from all causes which eliminates t...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The most worrisome infectious agents of bioterrorism are those that would be artificially disseminated as aerosols to the lungs where the immune responses are unique, primarily driven by an immunoregulatory program. Critical mediators of the immune response in this environment are alveolar macrophages (AM) and epitheli...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Tools to monitor immune cells interactions and their consequences in vitro and in vivo are needed to accelerate development of successful immunotherapies for cancer, HIV disease, and autoimmune disorders. Stable fluorescent labels for cell proteins (CFSE) or membranes (PKH dyes) are such tools. However, high levels of ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The potential utility of adult stem or progenitor cells for repair of radiation-damaged salivary glands is high, but is currently only a theoretical solutin for patients suffering from xerostomia. There remain several critical obstacles that must be resolved before cell-based therapy for dysfunctional salivary glands c...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The goal of this project is to determine the mechanisms by which the endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) functions. The aims grow out of our observations which follow. EPCR is expressed preferentially on the large vessel endothelium and enhances protein C activation. It is found on the cell surface and in discre...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Using the SIVmac251-rhesus macaque model of HIV-1 infection, the Animal Core will provide the long-term ART-suppressed SIV/macaque platform for all projects of this proposal. The Animal Core will 1) coordinate all macaque studies across all research projects, and 2) facilitate acquisition and distribution of valuable a...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The general purpose and intent of this project is to conduct test, research, and experiments directed toward the use, improvement, and development of clinical procedures and instruments for measuring functions or properties relating to vision and the eyes. This has consisted primarily of subjective measurements of visi...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Uncovering molecular mechanisms that underlie pain hypersensitivity in neuropathic pain may allow development of novel therapeutic strategies for treating this disorder. Non-coding RNAs that have been identified in mammalian cells regulate gene expression. Their expression is associated with the development of neurolog...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
One of the major causes for deafness is the loss of inner ear hair cells, the sensory cells that detect sounds. In mammals, hair cells are born during embryonic development and are maintained in quiescence throughout life. Mammalian inner ear, unlike the counterpart in lower vertebrates such as chick or fish, does not ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION (From the Applicant's Abstract): The capability of tandem spectrometry to detect single and multiple SNPs in a single stretch of DNA will be evaluated. The p53 gene contains polymorphisms in codon 47 (TCG and CCG) and codon 47 (CGC and CCC). This will be studied as a model system. In initial work a 67 bp PC...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The Newsletter is published quarterly and distributed to more than 600 investigators world-wide. The format of the newsletter has been changed to highlight NFCR activities and advise the scientific community of workshops or other noteworthy developments at the NFCR. During the year we conducted our triannual subscripti...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Therapeutic strategies for reducing serum cholesterol have been aimed at decreasing the intake or absorption of dietary cholesterol and at inhibiting the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo cholesterol biosynthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase (HMGR). HMGR is extremely sensitive to oxidative inactivatio...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Our laboratory was the first to identify VCP mutations as a cause of hereditary inclusion body myopathy, Paget's disease of bone, frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and has made progress in identifying the underlying molecular pathogenesis of these diseases. Studies of patients' myoblasts and th...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Widespread incidence of Leishmania infections, increased global AIDS problems, with an increased incidence of co-infections, has made Leishmaniasis the world's seventh largest public health problem. Current diagnostic procedures require either long-term cultures or serological assays which, at times, are not reliable. ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Project Summary Lipid transport is integral to lipid metabolism and stress response in the central nervous system. Lipoproteins are the major intercellular lipid carrier between neurons and glia. The lipid composition, trafficking, and metabolic fate of lipoproteins are largely dependent on the associated apolipoprotei...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Metastasis of aggressive breast cancer is a devastating and ultimately fatal condition. The current drugs which are used to treat breast cancer focus on the reduction of the tumor size and have proven to be successful. However, currently there are no available treatment options which can effectively inhibit tumor invas...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This proposal is concerned with a detailed investigation on the mechanism of microbial cleavage of branched hydrocarbon side chains of phytosterols, with special reference to those of Beta-sitosterol and Campesterol. These latter sterols will be the ultimate sources of raw materials for steroid hormone synthesis by mic...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The overall objective of the proposed work is to understand how the Dmrt1 gene controls development and function of the testis. The testis has two essential functions: production of sperm, the cells that serve as vehicles for the immortality of male germ line DNA; and production of hormones that direct other parts of t...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This K01 Mentored Research Scientist Award will provide the mentorship and support necessary to establish the Candidate as an independent researcher in translational psychiatric neuroscience, with a focus on bridging neuropsychopharmacology, brain imaging, and treatment studies in anxiety disorders through an integrati...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The basic purpose of this research is to provide information on how the primate brain comes to be assembled, so as to provide a basis for understanding and treating the diseases of the nervous system that arise before birth. Work on the embryonic and fetal brain directly in monkey is essential for structures which have...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Abstract. Cytosolic and endosomal DNA sensing pathways are known to play a critical role in host defense against microbial pathogens. The same pattern recognition receptors also detect endogenous ligands and thereby promote the onset and progression of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. For example, endosomal TL...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
About a quarter of patients with severe aplastic anemia remain pancytopenic despite immunosuppressive therapy, and others have suboptimal responses in at least one lineage. We have developed a program to ask whether use of a drug stimulating the c-mpl receptor, which binds the endogenous hormone thrombopoietin, could s...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The object of this grant is to study a number of problems in infants which may be related to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) deficiency: 1) early neonatal hypocalcemia, 2) late neonatal hypocalcemia, 3) rickets and severe osteopenia, 4) Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (S.I.D.S.) and 5) dental hypoplasia. Laboratory determina...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Project Summary/Abstract The brain can be viewed as an extremely complex and high-dimensional dynamical system. Despite its complexity, only very limited measures of brain activity are generally accessible to recording?e.g. the electroencephalogram (EEG). Nonlinear dynamics provides the tools to extract information fro...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This proposal is designed to strengthen the biomedical research preparation of Benedict Students for professional careers in biomedical science and biomedical research capability of the faculty for the mainstream of biomedical research competition. These overlapping goals will be achieved through six seperate but inter...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The central aim of this longitudinal study, funded by the NHLBI (1-R01-HL53391) is to clarify the extent to which and the mechanisms whereby specific family processes may be protective or deleterious to adherence behaviors and treatment outcome in 3 groups of asthmatic children, aged 7-12 years: 80 children participati...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Somatosensory neurons project peripheral axons to the skin early in development to detect touch stimuli. Although the cutaneous terminals of these axons are often a proportionally small component of the total peripheral axon length, they are critical for function, since they are the sites where touch stimuli are first ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The long-term goals of this project represent the use of cloned Ia+, IL-1 inducible and Ia+, IL-1 tumor cell clones to determine the molecular events in antigen presentation accessory cell function and the induction of a syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (SMLR). We will continue to use these cell lines as probes to d...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The overall objectives of the research are directed toward establishing the hierarchical role endogenous opioid peptides may have on specific central nervous system neurophysiological processes, and to apply knowledge of these mechanisms to better understand the potential neurochemical substrates underlying reinforcing...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The outer layer of the corpus cavernosum, the tunica albuginea, is rich in elastic fibers and has the capacity to expand in response to the force of blood pressure, resulting in an increased length and diameter of the penis. However, the expandability of the tunica is finite, and ultimately the initial rise in intracav...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
: This application provides pre and postdoctoral training in Drug Abuse Research with a multidisciplinary and triinstitutional faculty that is proficient in the Molecular, Structural, Biochemical, Behavioral and Clinical aspects of Drug Abuse Research. The faculty includes members from the Departments of Pharmacology, ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
It is well established that new episodic and contextual memories are stored in the hippocampus. Over time, these memories are transferred to the cortex through a process called systems consolidation. This process is assumed to occur during periods of inactivity and sleep when the hippocampus replays newly acquired info...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Abstract Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically and solely infect bacteria and are a natural platform delivery system of genetic information, encoded by nucleic acids, to bacteria. Lytic bacteriophages do not integrate their DNA into the bacterial chromosome, but replicate independently and ultimately kill their ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
PROJECT SUMMARY The importance of coronary atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations cannot be overstated; in this country, half a million people die from acute myocardial infarction every year and an equal number of patients survive with substantial morbidity. Coronary atherosclerosis is an inflammatory process ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
These proposed studies in ewes are designed to obtain information on the role of the hormones responsible for control of oviductal muscle activity and the resultant effect of muscle contractions on gamete transport. The serum hormone concentrations of LH, estrogen and progesterone as determined by validated radioimmuno...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Abstract Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kpn) is a leading cause of Gram-negative nosocomial infections and is associated with a high mortality rate. Antibiotic resistance is a growing issue among the Enterobacteriaceae and of the Enterobacteriaceae Kpn is the most prevalent extended spectrum ?-lactamase and carbapenem resistan...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Self-injuring behavior (SIB) surprisingly prevalent among neurodevelopmentally delayed and mentally retarded individuals, has no known cause and no agreed upon treatment. Expression of SIB may persist throughout the lifespan and into later stages of life, with little change in frequency or quality. Two distinct pattern...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Substance abuse is one of the most common health disorders in US veterans. Of the over million opiate- dependent subjects today, less than a quarter of such individuals receive treatment. Pharmacotherapeutic approaches have traditionally targeted 5 opioid receptors since heroin and its metabolites bind with highest aff...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Project Summary/Abstract: African Americans have the highest death rates from cervical and colorectal cancers than any other racial or ethnic group. Effective screening and treatment exist for the pre-cancerous conditions that lead to the development of these deadly cancers, but there is low adherence among African Ame...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Koronis Biomedical Technology Corporation (KBT) proposes to develop a navigation system for ultra-thin bronchoscopes using advanced thin-film magnetic sensor technology. Recent technological innovations in the semiconductor processing industry make this program technically achievable at this time. The use of advanced m...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
OVERALL SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This Case GI SPORE renewal application provides for a cutting edged Specialized Program of Research Excellence in gastrointestinal malignancies with emphasis on colorectal cancers and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. This comprehensive program builds on the resources of the Case Comprehensive C...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Photosystem II (PSII) is a membrane protein complex that uses light to catalyze water oxidation and quinone reduction. The oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of PSII is the source of the atmospheric oxygen that we breathe. Because atmospheric oxygen is essential to sustain all aerobic life on Earth, the function of the OEC ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The goal of this project is to evaluate the chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of alpha-pinene in rats and mice, following whole body inhalation exposure. Alpha-pinene is found in turpentine and in flavorings and fragrances. Humans may be exposed through use of personal care and cleaning products as well as in lumber...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The inverse correlation between exposure to helminths and the incidence of certain immune-mediated diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), evidenced from epidemiological studies (i.e. the hygiene hypothesis), has provided the framework for the pioneering studies of Weinstock et al. and shows promise of u...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Dynorphins are a family of opioid peptides derived from a single precursor and known to have a wide profile of pharmacological actions. Since the pharmakinetics vary with peptide size, the catabolism of dynorphin A (the most active kappa-selective fragment) will be emphasized to determine the nature of enzyme(s) presen...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The primary rationale for the Duke Aging Center Postdoctoral Research Training Program (RTP) proposed here is to continue to train highly skilled research scientists who have strong backgrounds in substantive areas related to aging and who also have the potential for leadership in gerontological research. Each fellow i...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Project Summary Intermediate filament (IF) proteins are encoded by ~65 functionally distinct genes, placing them among the 100 largest gene families in humans. The remarkable discoveries of hundreds of mutations in IF genes causing a plethora of human diseases have attracted the attention of basic scientists and physic...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Successful development of a vaccine against HIV will likely require the induction of both antibody and/or cellular immune responses sufficient to prevent infection or disease respectively following infectious challenge. While the induction of antibody responses for a variety of other infectious pathogens is readily ach...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Periodontitis is the leading cause of tooth loss in the U.S. It is thought to be mediated by the interaction of bacteria with host cells leading to the production of destructive proteases. While many different bacteria have been isolated from the tissue of patients with periodontitis, no single bacterial species has em...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The mammalian kidney is susceptible to injury by ischemia/reperfusion and toxins, and regeneration following injury is characterized by hyperplasia and recovery of the damaged epithelial cells lining the tubules. Recent studies have indicated that in response to acute injury, epithelial cells dedifferentiate and become...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The ability of low concentrations of fluoride ions to protect teeth against the development of carious lesions is well known. However, the mechanism by which the protective effect is exerted still is only poorly understood. Two hypotheses have been put forward to explain the findings. The first related the protective a...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The central neuroregulation of peripheral events by peptide hormones is a relatively new field. The intracerebral ventricular (icv) administration of bombesin, dermorphin (a frog-skin derived opiate heptapeptide), calcitonin (salmon) and lithium (the drug of choice for manic depression) effectively decreased all parame...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Project 1: Abstract Rice (Oryza sativa), a staple food for over half the world's population, represents a significant dietary source of inorganic arsenic (As), a non-threshold, class 1 human carcinogen. It is imperative that strategies to reduce grain As are developed, and establishing the mechanisms that enable As to ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are exacerbated as a result of damaging neuroinflammation. A common theme observed with these neurodegenerative diseases is the activation of normally quiescent microglia to become potent antigen presenting ceils. Once activated, mi...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Protonated species are often postulated as key intermediates in enzyme-induced as well as simple chemical reactions. In this research proposal a simple method of some generality is utilized; which when applied to biological reactions, can be used to establish not only the protonated species, but also the specific site ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }

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