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You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Exostosis due to repetitive exposure to cold water is common in which pa of the temporal bone A) Squamous pa B) Tympanic pa C) Petrous pa D) Mastoid pa	Exostoses are multiple and bilateral, often presenting as smooth, sessile, bony swellings in the deeper pa of the meatus near the tympanic membrane. Outer 1/3rd pa of the external auditory meatus is formed by cailage and inner 2/3rd pa is formed by the temporal bone. It is often seen in persons exposed to the entry of ...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	300 diseased people were made to undergo a test of which only 60 were positive. 40 people were found to be false positive for the test. The positive predictive value of the test is: A) 40/100 B) 60/100 C) 40/300 D) 240/300	Ans: b (60/100)Ref: Park, 20th ed. Pg. 126 19 ed., Pg. 119Screening test resultsDiagnosisTotalDiseasedNot diseasedPositiveNegativea (True positive)c (False negative)b (False positive)d (True negative)a+bc+dTotala+cb+da+b+c+dSensitivity = a/ (a+c) x 1 (X)Specificity = d/ (b+d) x 1 (M)Predictive value of positive test= a...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	A 62-year-old woman presents with fever, cough, sputum production, and pleuritic chest pain. CXR reveals a right middle lobe infiltrate, and she is started on antibiotics for the treatment of pneumonia. Her sputum Gram stain is positive for S. pneumoniae. Which of the following immunologic mechanisms is the most specif...	The most specific immunologic defense is directed at capsular antigens and is serotype specific. Antibodies are not naturally occurring, but are the result of prior colonization, infection, or vaccination. Intact spleen, complement and macrophage function is important in clearance of pneumococci from sterile areas, but...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Female patient with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and joint pain. ACE levels are elevated. Diagnosis is? A) Sarcoidosis B) Silicosis C) Hodgkins lymphoma D) Non Hodgkins lymphoma	Ans. (a) SarcoidosisRef.: Harrison 19th ed. / 2206Lofgren syndrome symptoms consist of fever, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (BHL), and polyarthralgias	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	The study of first choice for the assessment of an unknown or new disease when there is no etiological hypothesis is ___: A) Cohort study. B) Randomized clinical trials. C) Ecological studies. D) Descriptive studies.	Descriptive studies: → Descriptive studies are used to describe a disease of unknown etiology. Steps of descriptive studies : Defining the population to be studied. Defining the disease under study. Describing the disease by a. Time b. Place c. Person Measurement of disease. Comparing with known indices. Formulation...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Chancroid is caused by: A) Treponema pallidum B) Leishmania donovani C) Haemophilus ducreyi D) Donovania granulomatis	Ans. c (Haemophilus ducreyi). (Ref. Textbook of microbiology by Ananthanarayan 6th/ 311.)VulvovaginitisAdherent yellowish discharge, pH >5, fishy amine odor in KOH, clue cells, gram - cell dominateBacterial vaginosisOvergrowth of Gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobesClue cells, gram - rodsMetronidazoleVulvovaginitis, prurit...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning stas when the concentration is - A) <10% B) >10% C) >20% D) >40%	% of CoHb Clinical features 0 - 10 No symptoms 10 - 20 Tightness across forehead Slight headache Dilatation of cutaneous blood vessels 20 - 30 Headache Throbbing in temples 30 - 40 Severe headache Weakness Dizziness Dimness of vision Nausea and vomiting Collapse 40 - 50 Same as above plus greater possibility of collaps...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Galeazzi fracture is A) Supracondylar fracture of the humerus B) Fracture of the distal radius with inferior radio ulnar joint dislocation C) Fracture of radius in the proximal site and dislocation of the elbow D) Fracture of the radial head	B i.e. Fracture of the distal radius with inferior radio ulnar joint dislocation Fractures of Forearm (Single Bone Fracture) Monteggia Fracture Dislocation Fracture of proximal third of ulna with dislocation of proximal radioulnar jointQ. Essex - Lopresti Fracture Dislocation - Fracture of radial head or neck, disrupti...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Pulmonary infarction occurs with all except - A) Saddle embolus at bifurcation B) Blockage of 2nd and 3rd gen end arteries C) Arterioles are blocked D) None	The morphologic consequences of embolic occlusion of the pulmonary arteries depend on the size of the embolic mass and the general state of the circulation. Large emboli may impact in the main pulmonary artery or its major branches or lodge at the bifurcation as a saddle embolus. Sudden death often ensues, owing largel...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	16F circumference of a catheter means A) 4.8 mm B) 2.8 mm C) 8.4 mm D) 8.2 mm	Ans. a (4.8 mm). (Ref. B & L, Surgery, 23rd ed., 1262)3.12 SF = 1mm, hence a 16F Circumference of catheter means (r)	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	The highest incidence of ectopic pregnancy amongst contraceptive users is observed with: A) Combined contraceptive pills B) Copper T intrauterine contraceptive device C) Progestase intrauterine device D) Levonorgestrel intrauterine system	- There is a slight increase in propoion of ectopic pregnancy post-failure of IUCD. The failure is highest with progesterone IUD. Progestase intrauterine device: - Rate of progesteron release = 65 mcg/day - Total progesteron content = 38mg - Shelf life = 1 to yrs - MC side effect is bleeding - 2nd MC side effect - pain	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	A 24 year old lady with a past history of psoriasis presents with fever and multiple pus filled lesions in a generalized distribution. What is the drug of choice? A) Coicosteroids B) Retinoids C) Methotrexate D) Psoralen with PUVA	The patient described in this question is suffering from generalized pustular psoriasis, also known as impetigo herpetiformis, if it occurs in pregnancy. Treatment of choice in generalized pustular psoriasis is Methotrexate except in pregnancy where it is systemic steroids. Ref: Obstetric Dermatology: A Practical Guide...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Antimicrobial resistance in frequent lens user is due to - A) Biofilm formation B) Improper handling C) Unhygienic use of lens D) Low potency of antibiotics	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Biofilm formation o The contaminated contact lens provides Psuedomonas aeruginosa an ideal site for attachment and biofilm productiono Continuous contact of the eye to the biofilm- infested lens can lead to serious ocular diseases, such as keratitis (corneal ulcers).o The biofilm also prevent effectiv...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Metaplasia occurs in all of the following except: A) Stem cells B) Squamous cells C) Columnar cells D) Transitional cells	Ref: Chapter 1. Cellular responses to stress and toxic insults; page: 11: Robbins and Cot ran Pathologic Basis of Disease: 8th editionExplanation:Metaplasia is the results of reprogramming of stem cells that are known to exist in normal tissues, or of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells present in the connective tissue....	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Which of following is not a feature of Caffe's syndrome? A) Fracture of long bone B) Bruising C) Swelling in soft tissue D) Subarachnoid hematoma	→ Battered child syndrome(Caffe's syndrome) describes nonaccidental trauma to children, representing a major cause of morbidity and mortality during childhood. The abuse usually is inflicted by boyfriends, step-parents, baby sitters, and others responsible for the child's care. Abuse is more common among stepchildren, ...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Which of the following features on X-ray chest can differentiate an Atrial septal Defect (ADH) from a Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) ? A) Enlarged Left Atrium B) Pulmonary Plethora C) Enlarged pulmonary Aery D) Enlarged Aoa	Usually left atrium does not enlarge in size in ASD unless associated with other anomalies like mitral regurgitation, but in large left to right shunt VSD there will be left atrial enlargement. DIFFERENTIATING AN ASD FROM A VSD USING A CHEST X-RAY Left atrium is not dilated in a case of atrial septal defect (ASD). It i...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Shoest acting mydriatic and cycloplegic drug is A) Hyoscine B) Homatropine C) Tropicamide D) Cyclopentolate	Tropicamide is the shoest acting mydriatic ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS FOR EYE Atropine, homatropine, cyclopentolate and tropicamide are used as mydriatic and cycloplegic agents. Mydriatic action is useful in fundus examination whereas cycloplegic action allows correct assessment of refractive error Pain in iridocyclitis occ...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Which of following statement differentiates the obsessional idea from delusions? A) The idea is not a conventional belief B) The idea is held inspite of contrary evidence C) The idea is regarded as senseless by patient D) The idea is held on inadequate ground	An obsession is a recurrent and persistent thought that is experienced by the patient as intrusive and inappropriate. It causes marked anxiety and distress in the patient. Delusions are fixed false belief that are not widely held within the context of the individual's cultural or religious group. These beliefs persist ...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Function of Golgi apparatus is A) Synthesis of protein B) Maturation of protein C) Degradation of protein D) Sequencing of protein	Organization of the Golgi is directed at proper glycosylation of proteins and lipids. There are more than 200 enzymes that function to add, remove, or modify sugars from proteins and lipids in the Golgi apparatus. Membranous vesicles containing newly synthesized proteins bud off from the granular endoplasmic reticulum ...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Which of the following is selective alpha antagonist? A) Propanolol B) Prazosin C) Phentolamine D) Clonidine	Ans. B. PrazosinPrazosin is selective alpha 1 blocker which used in patients suffering from BHP. They also used in hypertension. Phentolamine is nonselective alpha blocker. Clonidine is alpha 2 agonists.	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Negri bodies are characteristic of A) Measles B) Tetanus C) HIV/AIDS D) Rabies	Negri bodies are the inclusion bodies of the rabies virus formed in brain cells most commonly found in cerebellum (purkinje cells). Inclusion bodies are nuclear or cytoplasmic aggregates of stable substances, usually proteins. They typically represent sites of viral multiplication in a bacterium or a eukaryotic cell an...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Ocriplasmin is a recombinant protease and it is used to treat: A) Retinal break B) Diabetic macular edema C) Uveovitreal membrane (Vitreoretinal) adhesion D) Submacular bleeding	Ans. c. Uveovitreal membrane (Vitreoretinal) adhesion Ocriplasmin is a recombinant protease with activity against fibronection and lamimin, components of the vitroretinal interface. It is used for treatment of symptomatic vitreomacular adhesions Ocriplasmin Ocriplasmin is a recombinant protease with activity against fi...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	A 20-year-old patient with urethral discharge. Possible diagnosis: A) Chlamydia trachomatis B) Ureaplasma urealyticum C) Trichomonas vaginalis D) Gonorrhea	Ans. (d) Gonorrhea.Note purulent urethral discharge caused by Neisseria gonorrhea.Image source- style="text-decoration: underline; color: rgba(17, 85, 204, 1); font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif">145F315C1813EADACFA.png	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Blood transfusion is indicated in following conditions associated with sickle cell anemia: A) Frequent sickling episodes B) Twin pregnancy C) Poor obstetrical outcome D) All of the above	Ans. is d, i.e. All of the aboveRef. Fernando Arias 4/e, p 238Prophylactic blood transfusions are not routinely advocated in all pregnant females with sickle cell anemia.Indications:1. Frequent severe sickling episodes.2. Low hematocrit levels.3. Twin pregnancy.4. Poor past obstetrical history.Target: HbS levels become...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Which of the following does not represent a significant anaesthetic problem in the morbidly obese patient ? A) Difficulties in endotracheal intubation B) Suboptimal arterial oxygen tension C) Increased metabolism of volatile agents D) Decreased cardiac output relative to total body mass	Cardiac output is increased (not decreased) in morbid obesity. There is difficult intubation, hypoxemia and rapid metabolism of volatile anesthetics.	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	What is the ideal site to make a burr hole in a patient of head injury with rapidly deteriorating sensorium & progressive dilatation of pupil with no localizing sign? A) Right temporal region B) Left temporal region C) Midline D) Left parietal region	Burr hole surgery should be done by taking into consideration side of pupillary dilatation 1. One sided pupillary dilatation: Burr hole on that side 2. Both sided pupillary dilatation: Burr hole on the side of first dilated pupil/ side with obvious external trauma. 3. No localizing sign: Burr hole on the side of domina...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	"Water can" appearance of heart shadow in a Chest X-ray is seen in A) Pericardial effusion B) Tetralogy of Fallot C) Ebsteins anomaly D) Hypertropic cardiomyoathy E. F.	(A) Pericardial effusion # PERICARDIAL EFFUSION defines the presence of an abnormal amount and/or character of fluid in the pericardial space. It can be caused by a variety of local and systemic disorders, or it may be idiopathic.> Pericardial space normally contains 15-50 mL of fluid, which serves as lubrication for t...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Which form of actinomycosis is not seen: A) Cervicofacial B) Thoracic C) Abdominal D) Madura foot	Ans: d (Madura foot) Ref: Ananthanarayan, ed, p. 400Actinomycosis in human beings occur in 4 main clinical forms:1. Cervicofacial- with lesions on cheek & submaxillary region2. Thoracic-with lesions in lung, pleura & pericardium3. Abdominal- with lesions around the caecum, portal veins and liver4. Pelvic- associated wi...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	The drug that inhibits uterine contractility and cause pulmonary edema is: A) Ritodrine B) Nifedipine C) Indomethacin D) Atosiban	Pulmonary edema is a serious complication of beta-adrenergic therapy (ritodrine) and MgSO4. This complication occurs in patients receiving oral or (more common) intravenous treatment. It occurs more frequently in patients who have excessive plasma volume expansion, such as those with twins or those who have received ge...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	The karyotype of a patient with Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome is: A) 46XX B) 46XY C) 47XXY D) 45X0	Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome is the largest single entity that leads to 46, XY undermasculinization. AIS is divided into three categories that are differentiated by the degree of genital masculinization: Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) is indicated when the external genitalia is that of a normal fema...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	What is the maximum recommended percentage of fat in diet as per WHO? A) 20% B) 30% C) 35% D) 40%	The WHO/ FAO expe group on diet, nutrition, and prevention of chronic diseases endorse that qualitative composition of fats in diet has a significant role to play in modifying risk factors of coronary vascular disease. Total fat should be around 15 to 30 % (% of energy) Ref: Park 22nd edition, page 567	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	A 71 year old female presents with fever, chills, difficulty in breathing and productive cough. She also complaints of left sided chest pain. Physical examination shows, increased VF, dullness to percussion, decreased bronchial sounds. Chest X-ray shows left lower lobe consolidation. Culture grows organisms that are ca...	Answer: a) Gram positive diplococcus (PANIKER 9th EDITION P-223)> History, Physical examination and Chest X-ray suggest pneumonia> Catalase negative organism showing positive Quellung reaction indicates Streptococcus pneumoniae Gram positive cocci Catalase positive-StaphylococciCatalase negativeCoagulase positiveCoagul...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	The following statement about Pilonidal sinus is true A) More common in females B) Mostly congentital C) Prognosis after surgery is poor D) Treatment of choice is surgical excision of sinus tract	The term pilonidal sinus describes a condition found in the natal cleft overlying the coccyx, consisting of one or more, usually noninfected, midline openings, which communicate with a fibrous track lined by granulation tissue and containing hair lying loosely within the lumen. A common affliction amongst the military,...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	A 27-year-old man was assaulted and stabbed on the left side of the chest between the areola and the sternum. He is hemodynamically unstable with jugular venous distention, distant hea sounds, and hypotension. Which of the following findings would be consistent with a diagnosis of hemodynamically significant cardiac ta...	On physical examination, cardiac tamponade may manifest with Beck triad (systemic hypotension, jugular venous distention, and distant hea sounds). Also, the patient may have pulsus paradoxus, which is manifested by a decrease in systolic blood pressure by more than 10 mm Hg at the end of the inspiratory phase of respir...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	All are seen in Pheochromocytoma EXCEPT A) Headaches B) Weight loss C) Sweating attacks D) Hypocalcemia	Hypocalcemia REF: Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 337 Pheochromocytoma Table 337-1 Repeat in December 2009 (surgery), December 2011 Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are catecholamine-producing tumors derived from the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system. These tumors may arise sporadically or be inh...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	A patient presented with unilateral intermittent proptosis which was compressible and increases on bending forward. No thrill or bruit was present. MRI shows a retro orbital mass with enhancement. The likely diagnosis is: A) AV malformations B) Orbital encephalocoele C) Orbital varix D) Neurofibromatosis	Orbital venous anomalies (varices) produce intermittent proptosis, sometimes associated with pain and transient reduction of vision. Some degree of proptosis can be induced with Valsalva's maneuver or by placing the head in a dependent position. There may be acute exacerbations due to hemorrhage. MRI scan is usually di...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Most common cause of UTI in pregnancy: A) Proteus mirabilis B) Group B b haemolytic streptococcus C) E. coli D) Klebsiella	Ans. C. E. colia. Urinary tract infections are more concerning in pregnancy due to the increased risk of kidney infections.b. During pregnancy, high progesterone levels elevate the risk of decreased muscle tone of the ureters and bladder, which leads to a greater likelihood of reflux, where urine flows back up the uret...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Which of the following is/are the characteristics of the vegetations seen in patients with Libmann Sacks' endocarditis? A) Medium sized B) Irregular contour C) Present on the surface of cusps of heart valves D) All the above	Ans. is 'd' i.e., All the above* The affection of different valves in different conditions are as follows:VegetationsRheumatic FeverNon Bacterial ThromboticLibman Sacks'Endocarditis (SLE)Infective Endocarditis(Marantic)* Small, warty- Firm- Friable (but less than those of NBTE)* Small* Friable (produce emboli)- Medim s...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Most common presentation of Neurocysticercosh is A) Seizures B) Focal neurological deficits C) Dementia D) Radiculopathy	(A) Seizures # NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS is the most common parasitic disease of the CNS worldwide.> Humans acquire cysticercosis by the ingestion of food contaminated with the eggs of the parasite T. solium,\> Eggs are contained in under cooked pork or in drinking water or other foods contaminated with human feces.> T. gondi...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	The presentation of Asherman syndrome typically involves A) Hypomenorrhea B) Oligomenorrhea C) Menorrhagia D) Metrorrhagia	Ovulation is not affected in Asherman syndrome. Because of the decreased amount of functional endometrium, progressive hypomenorrhea (lighter menstrual flow) or amenorrhea is common. The best diagnostic study is the hysterosalpingogram under fluoroscopy. Hysteroscopy with lysis of adhesions is the treatment of choice. ...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...