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You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Which is true about esophageal leiomyoma? A) Common in proximal third of esophagus B) Appears like an ovoid intramural mass with smooth outline on CT C) It is mass of skeletal muscle overgrowth D) Prognosis is generally poor	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Appears like an ovoid intramural mass with smooth outline on CTo Oesophageal leiomyoma is a benign smooth-muscle neoplasm of the oesophagus. It is the most common benign tumour of the oesophagus.Epidemiologyo It is most frequently presents in young and middle age groups (20-50 years). The overall inci...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	A post-operative cardiac surgical patient developed sudden hypotension, raised central venous pressure, pulsus paradoxus at the 4th post operative hour. The most probable diagnosis is: A) Excessive mediastinal bleeding B) Ventricular dysfunction C) Congestive cardiac failure D) Cardiac tamponade	Answer is D (Cardiac tamponade) Features of rising pressure, falling aerial pressure and pulsus paradoxus following surgery on the hea leads us to the diagnosis of cardiac tamponade.	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	In choledochal cyst, most common type is: A) Type 1 B) Type 2 C) Type 4 D) Type 4A	Type 1 is the most common type and constitute about 50% of the choledochal cysts. Type 5 is dilation confined to intrahepatic bile ducts (caroli's disease). Ref: Sabiston, 18th Edition, Page 1577	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Bone age corresponds to chronological age in: March 2009 A) Uncontrolled diabetes B) Familial sho stature C) Osteomalacia D) Rickets	Ans. B: Familial sho stature The causes of sho stature can be divided into 3 broad categories: chronic disease (including undernutrition genetic disorders), familial sho stature, and constitutional delay of growth and development. Delayed bone age in a child with sho stature is suggestive of hormonal/systemic disorder....	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	All of the following are pathological features associated with Crohn's disease except: March 2012 A) Skip lesions B) Non caseating granulomas C) Cobblestone appearance D) Toxic megacolon	Ans: D i.e. Toxic megacolonInflammatory bowel diseasePresence of multiple, separate, sharply delineated areas of disease, resulting in skip lesions, is characteristic of Crohn's disease and may help in differentiation from ulcerative colitisNon-caseating granuloma, a hallmark of Crohn disease, are found in approximatel...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Delusions are seen in all of the following, except A) Schizophrenia B) Depression C) Dementia D) Conversion disorder	Conversation disorder is characterised by the presence of symptoms or deficits affecting motor or neurological disorders.development of symptoms usually in the presence of significant psychosocial stress. (Ref: A sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja,7th edition, page no.99)	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	A 35 - year - old man presents to the physician with arthritic pain in both knees along with back pain. He states that the pain has been present for months. The patient is afebrile, and his slightly swollen knee joints are neither hot nor tender to palpation; however the pain does restrict his motion. The cartilage of ...	(A) Alkaptonuria # ALKAPTONURIA a lack of the enzyme homogentisic acid oxidase leads to deposition of homogentisic acid in the joints and cartilage, giving them a dark color (ochronosis) resulting in degenerative changes.> Classically, the urine of these patients turns black on contact with air or when the urine is mad...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	All of the following are true regarding splenectomy in patients with hereditary spherocytosis, except ? A) Avoid in mild cases B) Delay splenectomy until at least 4 years old age C) Anti-pneumococcal vaccination must be given before splenectomy D) Prolonged anti-pneumococcal antibiotic prophylaxis must be given after ...	Ans. is 'd' i.e., Prolonged Anti-pneumococcal Antibiotic Prophylaxis must be given after splenectomy Splencectomv in patients with Hereditary spherocytosis Avoid splenectomy in mild cases. Delay splenectomy until at least 4 years of age after the risk of severe sepsis has peaked. Anti-pneumococcal vaccination befoe spl...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	A 12 year old presents with fever, unilateral post auricular pain, mastoid bulging displacing the pinna forward and outwards with loss of bony trabeculae. This patient has history of chronic persistent pus discharge from same ear. Treatment of choice is? A) Antibiotics only B) Incision and drainage C) Antibiotics, inc...	The patient is presenting with features of postauricular subperiosteal abscess. Treatment for this is antibiotics along with drainage of abscess and coical mastoidectomy.This patient has developed this abscess as a complication of CSOM (History of chronic ear discharge) for which he requires meastoidectomy.	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Perioral pallor and dennie's lines are seen in A) Atopic dermatitis B) Chronic actinic dermatitis C) Blood dyscrasias D) Perioral contact dermatitis	Refer robbins 8/e p1187 Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a condition that makes your skin red and itchy. It's common in children but can occur at any age. Atopic dermatitis is long lasting (chronic) and tends to flare periodically. It may be accompanied by asthma or hay fever. No cure has been found for atopic dermatitis....	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	"Doughnut" sign is seen in A) Intussusception B) Carcinoma colon C) CHPS D) Volvulus	.CONGENITAL HYPEROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS is hyperophy of musculature of pyloric antrum, especially the circular muscle fibres, causing primary failure of pylorus to relax. Duodenum is normal. Clinical features of congenital pyloric stenosis 1. Vomiting 2. VGP 3. Palpable mass 4. Constipation and dehydration Diagnosis is...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Compute the median for the following set of data, 1,2,3,4,5,6: A) 3 B) 3.5 C) 4 D) 4.5	If the number of samples is an even number, the median is midway between the two middle scores. (3+4)/2=3.5 Ref : Medical biostatistics, 1st edition pg: 111	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	In burn ward there is a staphylococcus infection to many patients. Where would the staphylococcus be colonized at ? A) Throat B) Nose C) Vagina D) Peri-anal region	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Nose S. aureus is pa of normal human flora. The anterior nares is the most frequent site of human colonization although the skin (especially when damaged), vagina, axilla, perineum and oropharynx may also be colonized.Staphylococci are pa of normal human bacterial flora with about 30% of general popul...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	A young man weighing 65 Kg was admitted to the hospital with severe burns in a severe catabolic state. An individual in this slate requires 40 KCal per Kg body weight per day 1 gm of protein/Kg body weight/da. This young man was given a solution containing 20% glucose and 4.25% protei. If 3000 ml of solution in infused...	Calories are calculated by catabolism of glucose (not proteins) Glucose: Amount of glucose in 20% glucose in 3000 ml of solution: 300020/100 = 600 gms. 1 gm glucose on catabolism produces: 4.2 KCal. 600 gms of glucose would produce: 6004.2 = 2520 KCal. Protein: Percentage of protein in fluid: 4.25% Percentage of prot...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Which of the following statement about congenital adrenal hyperplasia is not true A) 21 -alpha hydroxylase deficiency is the most common cause B) Males present with precocious pubey C) Females present with ambiguous genitilia D) Hypokalemic alkalosis is seen	Congenital adrenal hyperplasia are any of several autosomal recessive diseases resulting from mutations of genes for enzymes mediating the biochemical steps of production of mineralocoicoids, glucocoicoids or sex steroids from cholesterol by the adrenal glands (steroidogenesis).Most of these conditions involve excessiv...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	True about serology of rickets is – A) a B) b C) c D) d	Rickets is a metabolic disorder of growing bone (immature skeleton) primarily caused by lack of - i) Vitamin D or ii) Calcium or iii) Phosphate The end result is defective mineralization of bone. Depending on the cause - Rickets is classified into following types - ...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Herceptin is used for w hich cancer - A) Breast B) Thyroid C) Cervical D) Ovarian	Ans. is 'a' i.e., BreastHenceptin (Trastuzumab)o Herceptin is a humanized antibody and is used in breast cancers which are HER2 positive,o HER2 stands for '.-human epidermal growth factor receptor.o HER2 gene produces HER2 protein also called HER2 receptor.o The HER2 protein is found on the surface of some normal cells...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Congenital hydrocephalus treatment - A) V-P shunt B) Acetazolamide C) Glycerine D) Frusemide	Ans. is 'a' i.e., V-P shunt Congenital hydrocephaluso Starts in fetal life and may manifest or even develop sub sequentially,o Causes -Intrauterine infections - TORCHIC bleedIVHCongenital malformation -Aqueductal stenosis (MQDandy walker cystArnold chiary malfomationMidline tumorTreatmento Depends upon primary cause, c...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Which of the following is post-chemotherapy based staging system in Wilms' tumor? A) National Wilms' tumor staging system (NWTS) B) International society of pediatric oncology (ISPO) C) AJCCTNM D) Chadwick	a. National Wilms' tumor staging system (NWTS)(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2464-2466, Ghai 8/e 617-618)The two major groups which have tremendous contributions in the management of Wilms' tumor are National Wilms' Tumor Study (NWTS) and the Societe Internationale D'oncologie Pediatrique (SIOP).In 2001, NWTS merged with severa...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Paralysis in polio is characterized by ? A) Spasticity B) Symmetrical C) LMN type D) Progressive	Ans. is 'c' i.e., LMN type Clinical manifestations of polio Incubation period ranges from 3-35 days (usually 7-14 days). The clinical spectrum includes :- Subclinical (inapparent) infections (95%) : Most common and play predominant role in spread of infection. Minor (aboive) illness (4.8%) : Present with fever, sore th...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	A 22-year-old football player is admitted to the hospital with pain and swelling over the lateral aspect of the ankle. The emergency depament doctor diagnosed an inversion sprain. Which ligament was most likely injured?, A) Calcaneonavicular (spring) B) Calcaneofibular C) Long plantar D) Sho plantar	A forced inversion of the foot can result in tearing of the calcaneofibular ligament and sometimes the anterior talofibular ligament as well. Both of these ligaments act to stabilize the foot and prevent an inversion injury. FIG:-lateral collateral ligament of ankle Calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament - is on the media...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Miltefosine treatment for kala azar is to be given for: A) 1 week B) 2 weeks C) 3 weeks D) 4 weeks	Miltefosine Dosages : After enrollment oral miltefosine treatment will be administered as per following dosage schedule: i. Adults (>12 years) weighing more than 25kg: 100mg miltefosine daily as one capsule (50 mg) in the morning and one capsule in the evening, after meals for 28 days. ii. Adults (>12 years) weighing (...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	In an adult patient with pleural effusion, which of the following is the most appropriate site for pleurocentesis? A) 5th intercostal space in mid clavicular line B) 7th intercostal space in mid axillary line C) 2nd intercostal space adjacent to the sternum D) 10th intercostal space adjacent to the veebral column	In an adult patient with pleural effusion, pleurocentesis is done by inseing a needle in the 7th intercostals space in the mid axillary line. Safest site for inseion of chest drain is in the triangle: Anterior to mid axillary line Above the level of the nipple Below and lateral to the pectoral is major muscle This will...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	A 35-year-old CEO underwent an antrectomy and vagotomy for a bleeding ulcer. Although usually careful with his diet, he ate a large meal during a business lunch. Within 1 hour, he felt lightheaded and developed abdominal cramping and diarrhea. His symptoms may be attributed to: A) Anemia B) Jejunogastric intussuscepti...	Post gastrectomy syndromes collectively refer to complications that can occur after gastric surgery. This constellation of syndromes includes delayed gastric emptying, recurrent ulcers, diarrhea, anemia, jejunogastric intussusception, afferent loop syndrome, alkaline reflux gastritis, and dumping syndrome. There are tw...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Urine analysis of patient suffering from heatstroke reveals: A) Isomorphic red cells B) Red cell casts C) Hemosiderin D) Hyaline cast	Patients with exertional heatstroke (EHS), in contrast to those with CHS, are often young and previously healthy, and their diagnosis is usually more obvious from the history. Athletes, laborers, and military recruits are common victims. Unlike those with CHS, many EHS patients present profusely diaphoretic, despite si...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	A 60 yr old man with C/O progressive dementia for the past 6 months with intermittent jerky movement involving whole body from 2 days. EEG showed sharp bipolar spikes. Diagnosis is A) Alzheimer's B) Creutzfeld Jakob disease C) Lewy body dementia D) Herpes simplex encephalitis	EEG findings... 1) Periodic sharp wave complex = Creutz feldt kacob disease 2) periodic lateralizing discharge =Herpes simplex encephalitis Ref Harrison20th edition pg 2456	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	In treatment of osteosarcoma, all of the following are used except A) High dose methotrexate B) Cyclophosphamide C) Vincristine D) Doxorubicin	Ref: Katzung 10th/891 Though surgery is the form of primary treatment in osteosarcoma but etoposide, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin and doxorubicin have been used. High dose methotrextae has been the drug of choice and is the only FDA approved agent for this condition.	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	A child with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia presents with Hyperleukocytosis. Treatment includes all of the following, except: A) IV fluids B) Allopurinol C) Alkalinization D) Immediately sta induction chemotherapy	Immediate treatment of Hyperleukocytosis is leukocyte reduction which is generally achieved by Leukopharesis or administration of Hydroxyurea. Ref: Harrison's Manual of Oncology, 1st Edition, Page 207; Treatment of Acute Leukemias By Ching-Hon Pui, 1st Edition, 259; Hematology-Oncology Therapy, 1st Edition, Page 220; O...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	A 25-year female presented with mild pallor and moderate hepatosplenomegaly. Her hemoglobin was 92g/L and fetal hemoglobin level was 65%. She has not received any blood transfusion till date. She is most likely to be suffering from: A) Thalassemia major B) Thalassemia intermedia. C) Hereditary persistent fetal hemoglo...	Ans. is 'b' Thalassemia intermedia The symptoms and the investigations of the patient point towards the diagnosis of thalassemia intermedia.Thalassemia intermedia (Geno type bdeg/b or b+/b+) :-Clinical FeaturesAnaemia (moderate to severe), seen after 2 years of age. The Hb level is usually (6-10%).Moderate hepatospleno...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	O2 carrying capacity of crystalloids & colloids is? A) More than whole blood B) Equivalent to whole blood C) More than packed RBCs D) None	Ans is 'd' i.e. None* Colloids 8c crystalloids have no oxygen carrying capacity.Oxygen carrying resuscitation fluids* Only class of fluids that are able to carry oxygen are Blood Products. These are Cryoprecipitate and plasma protein factors (PPF), Fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) and whole...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	In tumor lysis syndrome all are seen except - A) Hyperuricemia B) Hyperphosphatemia C) Hyperkalemia D) Hypercalcemdia	Tumour Lysis Syndrome More common with NHL, Myeloma and acute leukaemia management Rapid tumour cell death releases intracellular contents resulting in hyperkalaemia, hyperphosphataemia, hyperuricaemia and renal failure. Prevention is with adequate hydration and Allopurinol 300-600 mg QID PO Sodium bicarbonate 50 mEq/L...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	A 4-year-old child presents with bleeding from right side of nose. He also gets purulent discharge from the same side. The likely diagnosis is: A) Septal deviation with right maxillary sinusitis B) Unilateral channel atresia C) Antrochoanal polyp D) Foreign body	Unilateral purulent nasal discharge and bleeding from the nose in a child indicate a foreign body.In antrochoanal polyp and unilateral choanal atresia, the epistaxis is absent. Similarly unilateral maxillary sinusitis can cause purulent discharge but no significant bleeding.	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Universal precautions to be observed by surgeons for the prevention of hospital acquired HIV infection include the following except A) Wearing gloves and other barrier precaution B) Washing hands on contamination C) Handling sharp instruments with care D) Preoperative screening of all patients for HIV	Universal precautions have been drawn up by the CDC in the United States and largely adopted by the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK (in summary): Use of a full face mask ideally, or protective spectacles; Use of fully waterproof, disposable gowns and drapes, particularly during seroconversion; Boots to be wor...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	A young girl has had repeated infections with Candida albicans and respiratory viruses since she was 3 months old. As part of the clinical evaluation of her immune status, her responses to routine immunization procedures should be tested. In this evaluation, the use of which of the following vaccines is contraindicated...	Recurrent severe infection is an indication for clinical evaluation of immune status. Live vaccines, including BCG attenuated from M. tuberculosis, should not be used in the evaluation of a patient's immune competence because patients with severe immunodeficiencies may develop an overwhelming infection (disseminated di...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Homogentisate oxidase deficiency causes - A) Phenylketonuria B) Alkaptonuria C) Methylmalonic aciduria D) Albinism	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Alkaptonuria Disorders of metabolism of aromatic amino acidsDisorderDefectPhenylketanuriaPhenylalanine hydroxylase deficiencyTyrosinemia type 1Fumarylacetoacetate hydroxylase deficiencyTvrosinemia type 2Tyrosine transminase deficiencyNeonatal tyrosinemiaHydroxyphenyl pyruvate hydroxylase deficiencyAlk...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Multidrug resistance in TB is defined as resistance to:- A) Streptomycin, Rifampicin and Isoniazid B) Streptomycin and Rifampicin C) Isoniazid and Rifampicin D) Streptomycin and Isoniazid	Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB) is caused by bacteria resistant to treatment with at least two most powerful first-line anti-TB medications (drugs), i.e isoniazid and rifampicin. Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB) can be treated by	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	If a patient gets an attack of vertigo/dizziness by loud noise, be is having - A) Tullio phenomenon B) Dysplacusis C) Hyperacusis D) Paracusis	Ans. is 'a' i.e., TuIIio phenomenon o Hyperacusis refers to sensation of discomfort or pain on exposure to normal sounds. It is seen in injury to nerve to stapedius and in case of congenital syphilis (Hennebert sign),o Displacusis is a condition where same tone is heard as notes of different pitch in either ear.o Parac...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	In cervical cancer surgery is limited to patients with A) Stage I to IIA B) Stage I to IIB C) Stage I to IIIA D) Stage I to IIIB	Radiation therapy can be used in all stages of disease, but surgery is limited to patients with stage I to IIa disease. The 5-year survival rate for stage I cancer of the cervix is approximately 85% with either radiation therapy or radical hysterectomy. Reference: Novak's gynaecology; 14th edition; Chapter 35; Uterine ...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	Tumor lysis syndrome is associated with all ofhe following laboratory feature except - A) Hyperkalemia B) Hypercalcemia C) Hyperuricemia D) Hyperphosphatemia	Tumour Lysis Syndrome More common with NHL, Myeloma and acute leukaemia management Rapid tumour cell death releases intracellular contents resulting in hyperkalaemia, hyperphosphataemia, hyperuricaemia and renal failure. Prevention is with adequate hydration and Allopurinol 300-600 mg QID PO Sodium bicarbonate 50 mEq/L...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...
You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licensed physician. Always recommend consulting a ...	A patient presents with dysphagia of 4 weeks duration. Now he is able to swallow liquid food only. Which of the following is the one investigation to be done? A) Barium studies B) Upper GI Endoscopy C) CT Scan D) Esophageal manometry	Carcinoma Esophagus: Barium swallow is the first investigation for an esophageal disease presenting with dysphagia (it can show irregular filling defect with or without proximal dilatation, annular lesion appear as constricting bands) Barium Swallow A barium swallow is recommended for any patient presenting with dyspha...	<\|start_header_id\|>system<\|end_header_id\|> You are a medical assistant trained to provide accurate, evidence-based health information. You only answer medical and health-related questions. For emergencies, always direct the user to call emergency services immediately. You cannot diagnose conditions or replace a licens...