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5705f7c875f01819005e77e0	Southern California consists of a heavily developed urban environment, home to some of the largest urban areas in the state, along with vast areas that have been left undeveloped. It is the third most populated megalopolis in the United States, after the Great Lakes Megalopolis and the Northeastern megalopolis. Much of...	What kind of region can be found inside the urban area of southern California?	{ "text": [ "international metropolitan" ], "answer_start": [ 680 ] }
56e77da237bdd419002c403b	In Tibetan Buddhism the teachers of Dharma in Tibet are most commonly called a Lama. A Lama who has through phowa and siddhi consciously determined to be reborn, often many times, in order to continue their Bodhisattva vow is called a Tulku.	What is the name of a teacher in Tibetan Buddhism?	{ "text": [ "Lama" ], "answer_start": [ 79 ] }
57268a8fdd62a815002e88ce	The city is served by the Tyne and Wear Metro, a system of suburban and underground railways covering much of Tyne and Wear. It was opened in five phases between 1980 and 1984, and was Britain's first urban light rail transit system; two extensions were opened in 1991 and 2002. It was developed from a combination of ex...	What underground railways cover much of Tyne and Wear?	{ "text": [ "the Tyne and Wear Metro" ], "answer_start": [ 22 ] }
57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6	Other predecessors of the Reformed church included the pro-reform and Gallican Roman Catholics, such as Jacques Lefevre (c. 1455–1536). The Gallicans briefly achieved independence for the French church, on the principle that the religion of France could not be controlled by the Bishop of Rome, a foreign power. During t...	Who was one French pro-reform Roman Catholic of the 15th century?	{ "text": [ "Jacques Lefevre" ], "answer_start": [ 104 ] }
5729feaf6aef05140015518b	Between 1991 and 2000, the total area of forest lost in the Amazon rose from 415,000 to 587,000 square kilometres (160,000 to 227,000 sq mi), with most of the lost forest becoming pasture for cattle. Seventy percent of formerly forested land in the Amazon, and 91% of land deforested since 1970, is used for livestock pa...	Where is Brazil ranked globally in soybean production?	{ "text": [ "second-largest global producer" ], "answer_start": [ 352 ] }
57264d9edd62a815002e80fe	In 1973, Nixon named William E. Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office, a short-term organization created to coordinate the response to the embargo. Simon allocated states the same amount of domestic oil for 1974 that each had consumed in 1972, which worked for states whose populations were not i...	Who is the first administrator of the Federal Energy Office?	{ "text": [ "William E. Simon" ], "answer_start": [ 21 ] }
56e7796637bdd419002c3ffe	In the United States, each state determines the requirements for getting a license to teach in public schools. Teaching certification generally lasts three years, but teachers can receive certificates that last as long as ten years. Public school teachers are required to have a bachelor's degree and the majority must b...	What is the longest time that a teaching certificate is good for?	{ "text": [ "ten years" ], "answer_start": [ 222 ] }
572a07fc6aef0514001551dc	Evolution of the adaptive immune system occurred in an ancestor of the jawed vertebrates. Many of the classical molecules of the adaptive immune system (e.g., immunoglobulins and T cell receptors) exist only in jawed vertebrates. However, a distinct lymphocyte-derived molecule has been discovered in primitive jawless v...	What molecules of the adaptive immune system only exist in jawed vertebrates?	{ "text": [ "immunoglobulins and T cell receptors" ], "answer_start": [ 159 ] }
56f84485aef2371900625f71	In the summer of 1521, Luther widened his target from individual pieties like indulgences and pilgrimages to doctrines at the heart of Church practices. In On the Abrogation of the Private Mass, he condemned as idolatry the idea that the mass is a sacrifice, asserting instead that it is a gift, to be received with than...	When did Luther broaden his attacks to include core Church doctrines?	{ "text": [ "summer of 1521" ], "answer_start": [ 7 ] }
57302700a23a5019007fce89	For many years, Sudan had an Islamist regime under the leadership of Hassan al-Turabi. His National Islamic Front first gained influence when strongman General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government in 1979. Turabi built a powerful economic base with money from foreign Islamist banking systems, es...	What type of regime ruled over Sudan for many years?	{ "text": [ "Islamist" ], "answer_start": [ 29 ] }
5725bad5271a42140099d0be	On October 6, 1973, Syria and Egypt, with support from other Arab nations, launched a surprise attack on Israel, on Yom Kippur. This renewal of hostilities in the Arab–Israeli conflict released the underlying economic pressure on oil prices. At the time, Iran was the world's second-largest oil exporter and a close US a...	Who was the world's second largest oil producer?	{ "text": [ "Iran" ], "answer_start": [ 255 ] }
56e7788200c9c71400d77181	Teachers in Wales can be registered members of trade unions such as ATL, NUT or NASUWT and reports in recent years suggest that the average age of teachers in Wales is falling with teachers being younger than in previous years. A growing cause of concern are that attacks on teachers in Welsh schools which reached an al...	What is happening to the average age of teachers in Wales?	{ "text": [ "falling" ], "answer_start": [ 168 ] }
572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480	Reserved matters are subjects that are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament. The Scottish Parliament is unable to legislate on such issues that are reserved to, and dealt with at, Westminster (and where Ministerial functions usually lie with UK Government ministers). These include abortion, bro...	Most aspects of transport safety is a subject dealt with by whom?	{ "text": [ "UK Government ministers" ], "answer_start": [ 267 ] }
56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cf	Tesla was renowned for his achievements and showmanship, eventually earning him a reputation in popular culture as an archetypal "mad scientist". His patents earned him a considerable amount of money, much of which was used to finance his own projects with varying degrees of success.:121,154 He lived most of his life i...	Other than his scientific achievements what was Tesla famous for?	{ "text": [ "showmanship" ], "answer_start": [ 44 ] }
5726a5525951b619008f78e1	Following the election of the UK Labour Party to government in 1997, the UK formally subscribed to the Agreement on Social Policy, which allowed it to be included with minor amendments as the Social Chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam. The UK subsequently adopted the main legislation previously agreed under the Agr...	What did the Works Council Directive require?	{ "text": [ "workforce consultation in businesses" ], "answer_start": [ 394 ] }
5706143575f01819005e7951	Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).	The Los Angeles Clippers are a team belonging to which sport?	{ "text": [ "NBA" ], "answer_start": [ 116 ] }
572754cd5951b619008f8865	The invasions of Baghdad, Samarkand, Urgench, Kiev, Vladimir among others caused mass murders, such as when portions of southern Khuzestan were completely destroyed. His descendant Hulagu Khan destroyed much of Iran's northern part and sacked Baghdad although his forces were halted by the Mamluks of Egypt, but Hulagu's...	Which of Genghis Khan's descendants pushed the Mamluks out of Palestine?	{ "text": [ "Ghazan Khan" ], "answer_start": [ 332 ] }
5706149552bb891400689880	From 2005 to 2014, there were two Major League Soccer teams in Los Angeles — the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA — that both played at the StubHub Center and were local rivals. However, Chivas were suspended following the 2014 MLS season, with a second MLS team scheduled to return in 2018.	Which team was suspended from the MLS?	{ "text": [ "Chivas" ], "answer_start": [ 179 ] }
56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f	It is tempting to think that the notion of function problems is much richer than the notion of decision problems. However, this is not really the case, since function problems can be recast as decision problems. For example, the multiplication of two integers can be expressed as the set of triples (a, b, c) such that t...	If two integers are multiplied and output a value, what is this expression set called?	{ "text": [ "set of triples" ], "answer_start": [ 284 ] }
57284b904b864d19001648e3	The first buildings of the University of Chicago campus, which make up what is now known as the Main Quadrangles, were part of a "master plan" conceived by two University of Chicago trustees and plotted by Chicago architect Henry Ives Cobb. The Main Quadrangles consist of six quadrangles, each surrounded by buildings, ...	How many quadrangles does the Main Quadrangles have?	{ "text": [ "six" ], "answer_start": [ 273 ] }
5727515f708984140094dc12	Some of the oldest schools in South Africa are private church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century. The private sector has grown ever since. After the abolition of apartheid, the laws governing private education in South Africa changed significantly. The South African Schools Ac...	In what year was the South African Schools Act passed?	{ "text": [ "1996" ], "answer_start": [ 325 ] }
5706149552bb891400689881	From 2005 to 2014, there were two Major League Soccer teams in Los Angeles — the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA — that both played at the StubHub Center and were local rivals. However, Chivas were suspended following the 2014 MLS season, with a second MLS team scheduled to return in 2018.	How many teams did Los Angeles used to have?	{ "text": [ "two" ], "answer_start": [ 30 ] }
572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21	A further type of committee is normally set up to scrutinise private bills submitted to the Scottish Parliament by an outside party or promoter who is not a member of the Scottish Parliament or Scottish Government. Private bills normally relate to large-scale development projects such as infrastructure projects that re...	Who decides how land or property is allowed to be used?	{ "text": [ "Scottish Government." ], "answer_start": [ 194 ] }
572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb	Between Bingen and Bonn, the Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge, a formation which was created by erosion. The rate of erosion equaled the uplift in the region, such that the river was left at about its original level while the surrounding lands raised. The gorge is quite deep and is the stretch of the river wh...	What flows between the Bingen and Bonn?	{ "text": [ "Middle Rhine" ], "answer_start": [ 29 ] }
57294209af94a219006aa203	The third assessment report (TAR) prominently featured a graph labeled "Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction" based on a 1999 paper by Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes (MBH99), which has been referred to as the "hockey stick graph". This graph extended the similar graph in ...	What is the nickname for the "Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction" graph?	{ "text": [ "hockey stick graph" ], "answer_start": [ 258 ] }
56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17391	Luther's writings circulated widely, reaching France, England, and Italy as early as 1519. Students thronged to Wittenberg to hear Luther speak. He published a short commentary on Galatians and his Work on the Psalms. This early part of Luther's career was one of his most creative and productive. Three of his best-know...	When did Luther's writings to spread to France, England and Italy?	{ "text": [ "1519" ], "answer_start": [ 85 ] }
56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb7	In past times, corporal punishment (spanking or paddling or caning or strapping or birching the student in order to cause physical pain) was one of the most common forms of school discipline throughout much of the world. Most Western countries, and some others, have now banned it, but it remains lawful in the United St...	What does corporal punishment cause a student?	{ "text": [ "physical pain" ], "answer_start": [ 122 ] }
57268527708984140094c8c2	James Hutton is often viewed as the first modern geologist. In 1785 he presented a paper entitled Theory of the Earth to the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In his paper, he explained his theory that the Earth must be much older than had previously been supposed in order to allow enough time for mountains to be eroded and ...	What was the main idea of James Hutton's paper?	{ "text": [ "Earth must be much older than had previously been supposed" ], "answer_start": [ 200 ] }
57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584	Orientalism, as theorized by Edward Said, refers to how the West developed an imaginative geography of the East. This imaginative geography relies on an essentializing discourse that represents neither the diversity nor the social reality of the East. Rather, by essentializing the East, this discourse uses the idea of ...	The West saw themselves as what compared to the east?	{ "text": [ "rational and progressive" ], "answer_start": [ 650 ] }
56e1254ae3433e1400422c67	However, his religious views remain uncertain due to other statements that he made. For example, in his article, "A Machine to End War", published in 1937, Tesla stated:	Because of certain statements what was the believed state of his religious views?	{ "text": [ "uncertain" ], "answer_start": [ 36 ] }
57294e6b1d04691400779277	The IPCC process on climate change and its efficiency and success has been compared with dealings with other environmental challenges (compare Ozone depletion and global warming). In case of the Ozone depletion global regulation based on the Montreal Protocol has been successful, in case of Climate Change, the Kyoto Pr...	Whose goals often still oppose the IPCC?	{ "text": [ "states and governments" ], "answer_start": [ 488 ] }
57111713a58dae1900cd6c02	Most of the Huguenot congregations (or individuals) in North America eventually affiliated with other Protestant denominations with more numerous members. The Huguenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities, which led to their assimilation. Their descendants in many families conti...	Who was one prominent Huguenot-descended arms manufacturer?	{ "text": [ "E.I. du Pont" ], "answer_start": [ 599 ] }
572648e8dd62a815002e8078	Ranging from about 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to 1.5 meters (4.9 ft) in size, ctenophores are the largest non-colonial animals that use cilia ("hairs") as their main method of locomotion. Most species have eight strips, called comb rows, that run the length of their bodies and bear comb-like bands of cilia, called "ctenes...	Comb like bands of cilia are called what?	{ "text": [ "ctenes" ], "answer_start": [ 314 ] }
5733d4c8d058e614000b6356	In Europe, the North American theater of the Seven Years' War usually is not given a separate name. The entire international conflict is known as the Seven Years' War. "Seven Years" refers to events in Europe, from the official declaration of war in 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763. These dates do not co...	What was first battle in 1754?	{ "text": [ "Battle of Jumonville Glen" ], "answer_start": [ 470 ] }
5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08	The advances made in the Middle East in botany and chemistry led medicine in medieval Islam substantially to develop pharmacology. Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi (Rhazes) (865–915), for instance, acted to promote the medical uses of chemical compounds. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis) (936–1013) pioneered the preparatio...	Who wrote about the distillation of drinking water from sea water?	{ "text": [ "Al-Muwaffaq" ], "answer_start": [ 1570 ] }
5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2	None of the original treaties establishing the European Union mention protection for fundamental rights. It was not envisaged for European Union measures, that is legislative and administrative actions by European Union institutions, to be subject to human rights. At the time the only concern was that member states sho...	When did the European Council task an entity with drafting a European Charter of Human Rights?	{ "text": [ "1999" ], "answer_start": [ 764 ] }
572824f13acd2414000df592	Jacksonville has suffered less damage from hurricanes than most other east coast cities, although the threat does exist for a direct hit by a major hurricane. The city has only received one direct hit from a hurricane since 1871; however, Jacksonville has experienced hurricane or near-hurricane conditions more than a d...	What is the scale used to measure the strength of hurricanes called?	{ "text": [ "Saffir-Simpson Scale" ], "answer_start": [ 776 ] }
56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6	For a precise definition of what it means to solve a problem using a given amount of time and space, a computational model such as the deterministic Turing machine is used. The time required by a deterministic Turing machine M on input x is the total number of state transitions, or steps, the machine makes before it ha...	What is the most critical resource measured to in assessing the determination of a Turing machine's ability to solve any given set of problems?	{ "text": [ "time" ], "answer_start": [ 85 ] }
57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5	Ergänzungsschulen are secondary or post-secondary (non-tertiary) schools, which are run by private individuals, private organizations or rarely, religious groups and offer a type of education which is not available at public schools. Most of these schools are vocational schools. However, these vocational schools are no...	What types of schools are most ergänzungsschulen?	{ "text": [ "vocational" ], "answer_start": [ 260 ] }
57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603	The correlation between capitalism, aristocracy, and imperialism has long been debated among historians and political theorists. Much of the debate was pioneered by such theorists as J. A. Hobson (1858–1940), Joseph Schumpeter (1883–1950), Thorstein Veblen (1857–1929), and Norman Angell (1872–1967). While these non-Mar...	Hobson argued that imperialism was an international what?	{ "text": [ "disease" ], "answer_start": [ 699 ] }
56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb9	Tesla was renowned for his achievements and showmanship, eventually earning him a reputation in popular culture as an archetypal "mad scientist". His patents earned him a considerable amount of money, much of which was used to finance his own projects with varying degrees of success.:121,154 He lived most of his life i...	Where did Tesla live for much of his life?	{ "text": [ "New York hotels" ], "answer_start": [ 334 ] }
572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2	Islamist movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood, "are well known for providing shelters, educational assistance, free or low cost medical clinics, housing assistance to students from out of town, student advisory groups, facilitation of inexpensive mass marriage ceremonies to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands,...	The Muslim Brotherhood's competence compares well against what type of local governments?	{ "text": [ "incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful" ], "answer_start": [ 421 ] }
572669a9dd62a815002e8417	The principle of faunal succession is based on the appearance of fossils in sedimentary rocks. As organisms exist at the same time period throughout the world, their presence or (sometimes) absence may be used to provide a relative age of the formations in which they are found. Based on principles laid out by William S...	Whose principles were the principle of faunal succession built upon?	{ "text": [ "William Smith" ], "answer_start": [ 311 ] }
5726847f708984140094c8ac	Lindisfarne are a folk-rock group with a strong Tyneside connection. Their most famous song, "Fog on the Tyne" (1971), was covered by Geordie ex-footballer Paul Gascoigne in 1990. Venom, reckoned by many to be the originators of black metal and extremely influential to the extreme metal scene as a whole, formed in Newc...	What year was the song Fog on the Tyne released?	{ "text": [ "1971" ], "answer_start": [ 112 ] }
57275409708984140094dc35	In the final years of the apartheid era, parents at white government schools were given the option to convert to a "semi-private" form called Model C, and many of these schools changed their admissions policies to accept children of other races. Following the transition to democracy, the legal form of "Model C" was abo...	After apartheid, what types of schools are referred to as "Model C" schools?	{ "text": [ "government schools formerly reserved for white children" ], "answer_start": [ 379 ] }
570610b275f01819005e792d	Southern California is home to Los Angeles International Airport, the second-busiest airport in the United States by passenger volume (see World's busiest airports by passenger traffic) and the third by international passenger volume (see Busiest airports in the United States by international passenger traffic); San Di...	Which airport is home to the busiest single runway in the world?	{ "text": [ "San Diego International Airport" ], "answer_start": [ 314 ] }
56d726b60d65d214001983ed	With 4:51 left in regulation, Carolina got the ball on their own 24-yard line with a chance to mount a game-winning drive, and soon faced 3rd-and-9. On the next play, Miller stripped the ball away from Newton, and after several players dove for it, it took a long bounce backwards and was recovered by Ward, who returned...	Which Panthers player got a penalty, which gave the Broncos a new set of downs?	{ "text": [ "Josh Norman" ], "answer_start": [ 620 ] }
5727c94bff5b5019007d954b	Jacksonville is the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. It is the county seat of Duval County, with which the city government consolidated in 1968. Consolidation gave Jacksonville its great size and placed most of its metropolitan popula...	What was the population Jacksonville city as of 2010?	{ "text": [ "1,345,596" ], "answer_start": [ 608 ] }
5726241189a1e219009ac2e1	The embargo had a negative influence on the US economy by causing immediate demands to address the threats to U.S. energy security. On an international level, the price increases changed competitive positions in many industries, such as automobiles. Macroeconomic problems consisted of both inflationary and deflationary...	The oil crisis caused oil companies to increase oil supplies in which area?	{ "text": [ "Arctic" ], "answer_start": [ 445 ] }
571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132	Paleoclimatologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms to determine what the climate was like millions of years ago (see oxygen isotope ratio cycle). Seawater molecules that contain the lighter isotope, oxygen-16, evaporate at a slightly faster rate than water m...	What group of scientists seek to measure the amounts of oxygen in marine animals?	{ "text": [ "Paleoclimatologists" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
572743fb708984140094db93	In the early 1970s, ABC completed its transition to color; the decade as a whole would mark a turning point for ABC, as it began to pass CBS and NBC in the ratings to become the first place network. It also began to use behavioral and demographic data to better determine what types of sponsors to sell advertising slots...	In what decade did ABC finish transitioning to color?	{ "text": [ "1970s" ], "answer_start": [ 13 ] }
572a11663f37b31900478695	In 1993, Galor and Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation and economic development. A 1996 study by Perotti examined the channels through which inequality may affect economic growth. He showed that, in accordance with ...	What did a 1996 study by Perotti examine?	{ "text": [ "channels through which inequality may affect economic growth" ], "answer_start": [ 223 ] }
57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54	Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, invited Huguenots to settle in his realms, and a number of their descendants rose to positions of prominence in Prussia. Several prominent German military, cultural, and political figures were ethnic Huguenot, including poet Theodor Fontane, General Hermann von François, the h...	Thomas de Maiziere serves what role in the German cabinet?	{ "text": [ "Federal Minister of the Interior" ], "answer_start": [ 668 ] }
570d47b8b3d812140066d62e	There are also several smaller freight operators and numerous tourist railways operating over lines which were once parts of a state-owned system. Victorian lines mainly use the 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge. However, the interstate trunk routes, as well as a number of branch lines in the west of the state have been...	To what gauge have some lines been changed in the west of Victoria?	{ "text": [ "1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge" ], "answer_start": [ 334 ] }
57290b21af94a219006a9fd1	Kenya ranks low on Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index (CPI), a metric which attempts to gauge the prevalence of public sector corruption in various countries. In 2012, the nation placed 139th out of 176 total countries in the CPI, with a score of 27/100. However, there are several rather significa...	Where is Kenya place on the scale in 2012?	{ "text": [ "139th" ], "answer_start": [ 208 ] }
57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604	The correlation between capitalism, aristocracy, and imperialism has long been debated among historians and political theorists. Much of the debate was pioneered by such theorists as J. A. Hobson (1858–1940), Joseph Schumpeter (1883–1950), Thorstein Veblen (1857–1929), and Norman Angell (1872–1967). While these non-Mar...	How did Hobson argue to rid the world of imperialism?	{ "text": [ "removing its economic foundation" ], "answer_start": [ 725 ] }
5726e08e5951b619008f8112	In most countries, the dispensary is subject to pharmacy legislation; with requirements for storage conditions, compulsory texts, equipment, etc., specified in legislation. Where it was once the case that pharmacists stayed within the dispensary compounding/dispensing medications, there has been an increasing trend tow...	What are new responsibilities pharmacy technicians now deal with?	{ "text": [ "patients' prescriptions and patient safety issues" ], "answer_start": [ 538 ] }
57273dccdd62a815002e99fc	Contrary to popular belief, Genghis Khan did not conquer all the areas ultimately part of the Mongol Empire. At the time of his death, the Mongol Empire stretched from the Caspian Sea to the Sea of Japan. The empire's expansion continued for a generation or more after Genghis's death in 1227. Under Genghis's successor ...	Who led the most rapid expansion of the Mongol Empire?	{ "text": [ "Ögedei Khan" ], "answer_start": [ 320 ] }
5705f7c875f01819005e77df	Southern California consists of a heavily developed urban environment, home to some of the largest urban areas in the state, along with vast areas that have been left undeveloped. It is the third most populated megalopolis in the United States, after the Great Lakes Megalopolis and the Northeastern megalopolis. Much of...	Outside of its use of automobiles, what else is southern California famous for using?	{ "text": [ "highways" ], "answer_start": [ 426 ] }
5726449f1125e71900ae1928	Despite their soft, gelatinous bodies, fossils thought to represent ctenophores, apparently with no tentacles but many more comb-rows than modern forms, have been found in lagerstätten as far back as the early Cambrian, about 515 million years ago. The position of the ctenophores in the evolutionary family tree of anim...	Fossils found that were believed to be ctenophores were how old?	{ "text": [ "515 million years" ], "answer_start": [ 226 ] }
57296f293f37b319004783a4	The property of being prime (or not) is called primality. A simple but slow method of verifying the primality of a given number n is known as trial division. It consists of testing whether n is a multiple of any integer between 2 and . Algorithms much more efficient than trial division have been devised to test the pri...	What is the name of the process which confirms the primality of a number n?	{ "text": [ "trial division" ], "answer_start": [ 142 ] }
57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7	In India, private schools are called independent schools, but since some private schools receive financial aid from the government, it can be an aided or an unaided school. So, in a strict sense, a private school is an unaided independent school. For the purpose of this definition, only receipt of financial aid is cons...	What body in India provides policy directions to schools?	{ "text": [ "union government" ], "answer_start": [ 607 ] }
5726da89dd62a815002e92b5	A Pharmacy Technician in the UK is considered a health care professional and often does not work under the direct supervision of a pharmacist (if employed in a hospital pharmacy) but instead is supervised and managed by other senior pharmacy technicians. In the UK the role of a PhT has grown and responsibility has been...	What type of professional is a Pharmacy Technician considered to be?	{ "text": [ "health care professional" ], "answer_start": [ 48 ] }
5725dc1638643c19005ace04	The plugs-out test began on the morning of January 27, 1967, and immediately was plagued with problems. First the crew noticed a strange odor in their spacesuits, which delayed the sealing of the hatch. Then, communications problems frustrated the astronauts and forced a hold in the simulated countdown. During this hol...	What happened to the crew onboard during the plugs-out test?	{ "text": [ "asphyxiated" ], "answer_start": [ 589 ] }
5727213c708984140094da35	Following the Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy later that year, that begins with the images of what he thought to be the unjust forms of authority of his time—and then imagines the stirrings of a new form of social action. It is perhaps the first modern[vague] s...	After the Peterloo massacre what poet wrote The Massacre of Anarchy?	{ "text": [ "Percy Shelley" ], "answer_start": [ 46 ] }
57286fa83acd2414000df9e9	Emperor Gegeen Khan, Ayurbarwada's son and successor, ruled for only two years, from 1321 to 1323. He continued his father's policies to reform the government based on the Confucian principles, with the help of his newly appointed grand chancellor Baiju. During his reign, the Da Yuan Tong Zhi (Chinese: 大元通制, "the compr...	How many rival princes were involved in assassinating Gegeen?	{ "text": [ "five" ], "answer_start": [ 517 ] }
57302700a23a5019007fce8c	For many years, Sudan had an Islamist regime under the leadership of Hassan al-Turabi. His National Islamic Front first gained influence when strongman General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government in 1979. Turabi built a powerful economic base with money from foreign Islamist banking systems, es...	How did Turabi build a strong economic base?	{ "text": [ "money from foreign Islamist banking systems" ], "answer_start": [ 273 ] }
5725f39638643c19005acefa	With a budget of $230,000, the surviving original lunar broadcast data from Apollo 11 was compiled by Nafzger and assigned to Lowry Digital for restoration. The video was processed to remove random noise and camera shake without destroying historical legitimacy. The images were from tapes in Australia, the CBS News arc...	Which company was tasked with trying to restore the original tapes?	{ "text": [ "Lowry Digital" ], "answer_start": [ 126 ] }
56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17392	Luther's writings circulated widely, reaching France, England, and Italy as early as 1519. Students thronged to Wittenberg to hear Luther speak. He published a short commentary on Galatians and his Work on the Psalms. This early part of Luther's career was one of his most creative and productive. Three of his best-know...	Who went to Wittenberg to hear Luther speak?	{ "text": [ "Students" ], "answer_start": [ 91 ] }
5726e08e5951b619008f8110	In most countries, the dispensary is subject to pharmacy legislation; with requirements for storage conditions, compulsory texts, equipment, etc., specified in legislation. Where it was once the case that pharmacists stayed within the dispensary compounding/dispensing medications, there has been an increasing trend tow...	What responsibilities were pharmacy technicians formerly limited to?	{ "text": [ "within the dispensary compounding/dispensing medications" ], "answer_start": [ 224 ] }
56e7788200c9c71400d77182	Teachers in Wales can be registered members of trade unions such as ATL, NUT or NASUWT and reports in recent years suggest that the average age of teachers in Wales is falling with teachers being younger than in previous years. A growing cause of concern are that attacks on teachers in Welsh schools which reached an al...	When were attacks on teachers the highest?	{ "text": [ "between 2005 and 2010" ], "answer_start": [ 332 ] }
5726f4a0708984140094d6eb	In 1857 John Sheepshanks donated 233 paintings, mainly by contemporary British artists, and a similar number of drawings to the museum with the intention of forming a 'A National Gallery of British Art', a role since taken on by Tate Britain; artists represented are William Blake, James Barry, Henry Fuseli, Sir Edwin H...	What was the goal of John Sheepshanks considerable bequest to the museum?	{ "text": [ "forming a 'A National Gallery of British Art'" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }
572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3	As northwest Europe slowly began to warm up from 22,000 years ago onward, frozen subsoil and expanded alpine glaciers began to thaw and fall-winter snow covers melted in spring. Much of the discharge was routed to the Rhine and its downstream extension. Rapid warming and changes of vegetation, to open forest, began abo...	When was Europe fully forested and recovered from the last Ice Age?	{ "text": [ "9000 BP" ], "answer_start": [ 337 ] }
57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51	Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, invited Huguenots to settle in his realms, and a number of their descendants rose to positions of prominence in Prussia. Several prominent German military, cultural, and political figures were ethnic Huguenot, including poet Theodor Fontane, General Hermann von François, the h...	What German poet was descended from Huguenots?	{ "text": [ "Theodor Fontane" ], "answer_start": [ 268 ] }
57280f0d3acd2414000df35d	The programme's first serial, An Unearthly Child, shows that the Doctor has a granddaughter, Susan Foreman. In the 1967 serial, Tomb of the Cybermen, when Victoria Waterfield doubts the Doctor can remember his family because of, "being so ancient", the Doctor says that he can when he really wants to—"The rest of the ti...	In what year did Doctor Who state that he was the last Time Lord?	{ "text": [ "2005" ], "answer_start": [ 351 ] }
57115ff82419e314009555c7	A steam turbine consists of one or more rotors (rotating discs) mounted on a drive shaft, alternating with a series of stators (static discs) fixed to the turbine casing. The rotors have a propeller-like arrangement of blades at the outer edge. Steam acts upon these blades, producing rotary motion. The stator consists ...	In the United States, what is a usual turbine speed with 60 Hertz of power?	{ "text": [ "3600 revolutions per minute" ], "answer_start": [ 1061 ] }
5727aec03acd2414000de993	The University is organized into eleven separate academic units—ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study—with campuses throughout the Boston metropolitan area: its 209-acre (85 ha) main campus is centered on Harvard Yard in Cambridge, approximately 3 miles (5 km) northwest of Boston; the business sc...	What river is located in the vicinity of the school?	{ "text": [ "Charles" ], "answer_start": [ 401 ] }
57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28	French Huguenot explorer Jean Ribault charted the St. Johns River in 1562 calling it the River of May because he discovered it in May. Ribault erected a stone column near present-day Jacksonville claiming the newly discovered land for France. In 1564, René Goulaine de Laudonnière established the first European settleme...	Who led the attack of the French colony in 1565?	{ "text": [ "Pedro Menéndez de Avilés" ], "answer_start": [ 422 ] }
56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4	When considering computational problems, a problem instance is a string over an alphabet. Usually, the alphabet is taken to be the binary alphabet (i.e., the set {0,1}), and thus the strings are bitstrings. As in a real-world computer, mathematical objects other than bitstrings must be suitably encoded. For example, in...	What is one way in which graphs can be encoded?	{ "text": [ "adjacency matrices" ], "answer_start": [ 411 ] }
57269016708984140094ca41	The relationship of ctenophores to the rest of Metazoa is very important to our understanding of the early evolution of animals and the origin of multicellularity. It has been the focus of debate for many years. Ctenophores have been purported to be the sister lineage to the Bilateria, sister to the Cnidaria, sister to...	Recent studies believe that ctenophores are the sister lineage to what?	{ "text": [ "Bilateria" ], "answer_start": [ 276 ] }
572ffee1947a6a140053cf18	While studying law and philosophy in England and Germany, Iqbal became a member of the London branch of the All India Muslim League. He came back to Lahore in 1908. While dividing his time between law practice and philosophical poetry, Iqbal had remained active in the Muslim League. He did not support Indian involvemen...	What book was Iqbal's seven English lectures published as?	{ "text": [ "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam" ], "answer_start": [ 639 ] }
5733fb7bd058e614000b6701	Newcastle replaced him in January 1756 with Lord Loudoun, with Major General James Abercrombie as his second in command. Neither of these men had as much campaign experience as the trio of officers France sent to North America. French regular army reinforcements arrived in New France in May 1756, led by Major General L...	When did England formally declare war on France?	{ "text": [ "May 18, 1756" ], "answer_start": [ 525 ] }
5725c604271a42140099d185	Seamans' establishment of an ad-hoc committee headed by his special technical assistant Nicholas E. Golovin in July 1961, to recommend a launch vehicle to be used in the Apollo program, represented a turning point in NASA's mission mode decision. This committee recognized that the chosen mode was an important part of t...	Who led the committee established by Seaman?	{ "text": [ "Nicholas E. Golovin" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }
57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3	The principal Treaties that form the European Union began with common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy, but more complete and formal institutions were established through the Treaty of Rome 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992 (now: TFEU). Minor amendments were made during the 1960s and 1970s. Major amen...	When did Denmark join the EU?	{ "text": [ "1972" ], "answer_start": [ 809 ] }
56d9cb47dc89441400fdb836	With 4:51 left in regulation, Carolina got the ball on their own 24-yard line with a chance to mount a game-winning drive, and soon faced 3rd-and-9. On the next play, Miller stripped the ball away from Newton, and after several players dove for it, it took a long bounce backwards and was recovered by Ward, who returned...	What is the last name of the player who scored a 2-yard touchdown in the fourth quarter?	{ "text": [ "Anderson" ], "answer_start": [ 674 ] }
57284d484b864d1900164904	After the 1940s, the Gothic style on campus began to give way to modern styles. In 1955, Eero Saarinen was contracted to develop a second master plan, which led to the construction of buildings both north and south of the Midway, including the Laird Bell Law Quadrangle (a complex designed by Saarinen); a series of arts...	When was the Gerald Ratner Athletics Center constructed?	{ "text": [ "2003" ], "answer_start": [ 813 ] }
56d704430d65d214001982e0	Peyton Manning became the first quarterback ever to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls. He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39. The past record was held by John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice P...	Who is the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?	{ "text": [ "Peyton Manning" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
57290ee2af94a219006aa002	On 28 February 2008, Kibaki and Odinga signed an agreement on the formation of a coalition government in which Odinga would become Kenya's second Prime Minister. Under the deal, the president would appoint cabinet ministers from both PNU and ODM camps depending on each party's strength in Parliament. The agreement stip...	How was it determined how many from each camp would be appointed?	{ "text": [ "each party's strength in Parliament" ], "answer_start": [ 265 ] }
57296d571d04691400779414	A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. A natural number greater than 1 that is not a prime number is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because 1 and 5 are its only positive integer factors, whereas 6 is composite because it ...	What are numbers greater than 1 that can be divided by 3 or more numbers called?	{ "text": [ "composite number" ], "answer_start": [ 189 ] }
5730b9852461fd1900a9cff9	The United Methodist Church opposes conscription as incompatible with the teaching of Scripture. Therefore, the Church supports and extends its ministry to those persons who conscientiously oppose all war, or any particular war, and who therefore refuse to serve in the armed forces or to cooperate with systems of milit...	What does the UMC oppose as incompatible with the teaching of Scripture?	{ "text": [ "conscription" ], "answer_start": [ 36 ] }
57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4	The principal Treaties that form the European Union began with common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy, but more complete and formal institutions were established through the Treaty of Rome 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992 (now: TFEU). Minor amendments were made during the 1960s and 1970s. Major amen...	When did Greenland sign a Treaty granting them special status?	{ "text": [ "1985" ], "answer_start": [ 1213 ] }
5729feaf6aef051400155189	Between 1991 and 2000, the total area of forest lost in the Amazon rose from 415,000 to 587,000 square kilometres (160,000 to 227,000 sq mi), with most of the lost forest becoming pasture for cattle. Seventy percent of formerly forested land in the Amazon, and 91% of land deforested since 1970, is used for livestock pa...	In the year 2000 how many square kilometres of the Amazon forest had been lost?	{ "text": [ "587,000" ], "answer_start": [ 88 ] }
5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54	where is the relevant cross-sectional area for the volume for which the stress-tensor is being calculated. This formalism includes pressure terms associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area (the matrix diagonals of the tensor) as well as shear terms associated with forces that act parallel to th...	What includes pressure terms when calculating area in volume?	{ "text": [ "formalism" ], "answer_start": [ 113 ] }
572a1046af94a219006aa78e	Economist Joseph Stiglitz presented evidence in 2009 that both global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand. Economist Branko Milanovic, wrote in 2001 that, "The view that income inequality harms growth – or that improved equality can help sustain growth – has become mor...	How does inequality prevent growth?	{ "text": [ "limiting aggregate demand" ], "answer_start": [ 131 ] }
572683f95951b619008f7525	Some modern scholars, such as Fielding H. Garrison, are of the opinion that the origin of the science of geology can be traced to Persia after the Muslim conquests had come to an end. Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni (973–1048 CE) was one of the earliest Persian geologists, whose works included the earliest writings on the geol...	Fielding H. Garrison believes that the science of geology can be traced to where?	{ "text": [ "Persia" ], "answer_start": [ 130 ] }
5728f2e26aef051400154899	Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe ...	What acquired condition results in immunodeficiency in humans?	{ "text": [ "HIV/AIDS" ], "answer_start": [ 375 ] }
57274e0d708984140094dbe7	The modern trend in design is toward integration of previously separated specialties, especially among large firms. In the past, architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be entirely separate companies, even in the larger firms. Presently, ...	In modern times, firms may offer themselves as what for a construction project?	{ "text": [ "\"one-stop shopping\"" ], "answer_start": [ 562 ] }
5729feaf6aef051400155188	Between 1991 and 2000, the total area of forest lost in the Amazon rose from 415,000 to 587,000 square kilometres (160,000 to 227,000 sq mi), with most of the lost forest becoming pasture for cattle. Seventy percent of formerly forested land in the Amazon, and 91% of land deforested since 1970, is used for livestock pa...	How many square kilometres of the Amazon forest was lost by 1991?	{ "text": [ "415,000" ], "answer_start": [ 77 ] }
571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133	Paleoclimatologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms to determine what the climate was like millions of years ago (see oxygen isotope ratio cycle). Seawater molecules that contain the lighter isotope, oxygen-16, evaporate at a slightly faster rate than water m...	About what weather feature do paleoclimatologists want information ?	{ "text": [ "climate" ], "answer_start": [ 135 ] }
57286fa83acd2414000df9e5	Emperor Gegeen Khan, Ayurbarwada's son and successor, ruled for only two years, from 1321 to 1323. He continued his father's policies to reform the government based on the Confucian principles, with the help of his newly appointed grand chancellor Baiju. During his reign, the Da Yuan Tong Zhi (Chinese: 大元通制, "the compr...	Who was Ayurbarwada's son?	{ "text": [ "Gegeen Khan" ], "answer_start": [ 8 ] }

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