id stringlengths 24 24 | context stringlengths 158 3.33k | question stringlengths 15 197 | answers sequence |
|---|---|---|---|
572a1a5c6aef051400155284 | While acknowledging the central role economic growth can potentially play in human development, poverty reduction and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, it is becoming widely understood amongst the development community that special efforts must be made to ensure poorer sections of society are able to... | What needs to be made to ensure poorer members of society can participate in economic growth? | {
"text": [
"special efforts"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
56e0fc3f7aa994140058e878 | In 1900, Tesla was granted patents for a "system of transmitting electrical energy" and "an electrical transmitter." When Guglielmo Marconi made his famous first-ever transatlantic radio transmission in 1901, Tesla quipped that it was done with 17 Tesla patents, though there is little to support this claim. This was th... | Who first sent radio waves across the Atlantic? | {
"text": [
"Guglielmo Marconi"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fe | Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga performed the national anthem, while Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation. | What did Lady Gaga sing? | {
"text": [
"the national anthem"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
57275409708984140094dc36 | In the final years of the apartheid era, parents at white government schools were given the option to convert to a "semi-private" form called Model C, and many of these schools changed their admissions policies to accept children of other races. Following the transition to democracy, the legal form of "Model C" was abo... | How do academic results in former Model C schools compare to other schools? | {
"text": [
"better"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} |
572940973f37b319004781a6 | This projection was not included in the final summary for policymakers. The IPCC has since acknowledged that the date is incorrect, while reaffirming that the conclusion in the final summary was robust. They expressed regret for "the poor application of well-established IPCC procedures in this instance". The date of 20... | What did the IPCC apologize for? | {
"text": [
"\"the poor application of well-established IPCC procedures in this instance\""
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} |
57378c9b1c456719005744aa | Through combining the definition of electric current as the time rate of change of electric charge, a rule of vector multiplication called Lorentz's Law describes the force on a charge moving in a magnetic field. The connection between electricity and magnetism allows for the description of a unified electromagnetic fo... | Whatare the electrostatic and magnetic force awritten as the sum of? | {
"text": [
"electrostatic force"
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} |
57097c8fed30961900e841f4 | The Daily Mail newspaper reported in 2012 that the UK government's benefits agency was checking claimants' "Sky TV bills to establish if a woman in receipt of benefits as a single mother is wrongly claiming to be living alone" – as, it claimed, subscription to sports channels would betray a man's presence in the househ... | what did the UK parliment hear that a subscription to BSkyB was? | {
"text": [
"often damaging"
],
"answer_start": [
406
]
} |
572659535951b619008f7040 | Some buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM rad... | Name a larger car that Toyota came up with as buyers lamented the small sized compacts? | {
"text": [
"Toyota Corona Mark II"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} |
56e1ee4de3433e1400423211 | Many known complexity classes are suspected to be unequal, but this has not been proved. For instance P ⊆ NP ⊆ PP ⊆ PSPACE, but it is possible that P = PSPACE. If P is not equal to NP, then P is not equal to PSPACE either. Since there are many known complexity classes between P and PSPACE, such as RP, BPP, PP, BQP, MA,... | What is an expression that can be used to illustrate the suspected inequality of complexity classes? | {
"text": [
"P ⊆ NP ⊆ PP ⊆ PSPACE"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
56beb7953aeaaa14008c92af | The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, 23–16, by scoring 11 points in the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game, 20–18, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt wit... | How much time remained on the clock when the Broncos made the interception that clinched the AFC Championship Game? | {
"text": [
"17 seconds"
],
"answer_start": [
322
]
} |
5705f7c875f01819005e77dd | Southern California consists of a heavily developed urban environment, home to some of the largest urban areas in the state, along with vast areas that have been left undeveloped. It is the third most populated megalopolis in the United States, after the Great Lakes Megalopolis and the Northeastern megalopolis. Much of... | Although southern california consts of a heavily developed urban environment, how much of it has been left undeveloped? | {
"text": [
"vast areas"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3 | Islamist movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood, "are well known for providing shelters, educational assistance, free or low cost medical clinics, housing assistance to students from out of town, student advisory groups, facilitation of inexpensive mass marriage ceremonies to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands,... | What are incompetent government's commitment to social justice limited to? | {
"text": [
"rhetoric"
],
"answer_start": [
522
]
} |
573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1 | Cultural imperialism is when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles, i.e. its soft power, such that it changes the moral, cultural and societal worldview of another. This is more than just "foreign" music, television or film becoming popular with young people, but that popular culture changing the... | Which historic empire used cultural imperialism to sway local elites? | {
"text": [
"Roman"
],
"answer_start": [
991
]
} |
57115bf350c2381900b54a93 | Although the reciprocating steam engine is no longer in widespread commercial use, various companies are exploring or exploiting the potential of the engine as an alternative to internal combustion engines. The company Energiprojekt AB in Sweden has made progress in using modern materials for harnessing the power of st... | What modern company has been notably working on a steam engine using modern materials? | {
"text": [
"Energiprojekt AB"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
56de0daecffd8e1900b4b595 | The two most prominent Norman families to arrive in the Mediterranean were descendants of Tancred of Hauteville and the Drengot family, of whom Rainulf Drengot received the county of Aversa, the first Norman toehold in the south, from Duke Sergius IV of Naples in 1030. The Hauteville family achieved princely rank by pr... | What was the name of the leader ennobled by Henry III | {
"text": [
"Drogo"
],
"answer_start": [
627
]
} |
57296b151d046914007793f2 | Endosymbiotic gene transfer is how we know about the lost chloroplasts in many chromalveolate lineages. Even if a chloroplast is eventually lost, the genes it donated to the former host's nucleus persist, providing evidence for the lost chloroplast's existence. For example, while diatoms (a heterokontophyte) now have a... | What do donated genes give evidence of? | {
"text": [
"the lost chloroplast's existence"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
572991943f37b319004784a4 | A third type of conjectures concerns aspects of the distribution of primes. It is conjectured that there are infinitely many twin primes, pairs of primes with difference 2 (twin prime conjecture). Polignac's conjecture is a strengthening of that conjecture, it states that for every positive integer n, there are infinit... | Of what form is the infinite amount of primes that comprise the special cases of Schinzel's hypothesis? | {
"text": [
"n2 + 1"
],
"answer_start": [
439
]
} |
5728f2e26aef051400154896 | Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe ... | What happens when the immune system less active than normal? | {
"text": [
"Immunodeficiency"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
5726385e271a42140099d798 | In connectionless mode each packet includes complete addressing information. The packets are routed individually, sometimes resulting in different paths and out-of-order delivery. Each packet is labeled with a destination address, source address, and port numbers. It may also be labeled with the sequence number of the ... | How are the packets routed | {
"text": [
"individually"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
572a11663f37b31900478696 | In 1993, Galor and Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation and economic development. A 1996 study by Perotti examined the channels through which inequality may affect economic growth. He showed that, in accordance with ... | What is inequality associated with higher levels of? | {
"text": [
"fertility"
],
"answer_start": [
494
]
} |
57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52 | Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, invited Huguenots to settle in his realms, and a number of their descendants rose to positions of prominence in Prussia. Several prominent German military, cultural, and political figures were ethnic Huguenot, including poet Theodor Fontane, General Hermann von François, the h... | What German general and fighter pilot was of Huguenot ancestry? | {
"text": [
"Adolf Galland"
],
"answer_start": [
403
]
} |
5725c604271a42140099d186 | Seamans' establishment of an ad-hoc committee headed by his special technical assistant Nicholas E. Golovin in July 1961, to recommend a launch vehicle to be used in the Apollo program, represented a turning point in NASA's mission mode decision. This committee recognized that the chosen mode was an important part of t... | When was this committee by Seaman established? | {
"text": [
"July 1961"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
5726534d708984140094c26d | A variety of alternatives to the Y. pestis have been put forward. Twigg suggested that the cause was a form of anthrax, and Norman Cantor (2001) thought it may have been a combination of anthrax and other pandemics. Scott and Duncan have argued that the pandemic was a form of infectious disease that characterise as hem... | What does Graham Twigg propose about the spread of disease? | {
"text": [
"a form of anthrax"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
57273455f1498d1400e8f48c | In 1939 Chinese Nationalist soldiers took the mausoleum from its position at the 'Lord's Enclosure' (Mongolian: Edsen Khoroo) in Mongolia to protect it from Japanese troops. It was taken through Communist-held territory in Yan'an some 900 km on carts to safety at a Buddhist monastery, the Dongshan Dafo Dian, where it r... | What is the Mongolian name for the original place of the Genghis Khan mausoleum? | {
"text": [
"Edsen Khoroo"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
56f8ca289b226e1400dd1008 | A piece of paper was later found on which Luther had written his last statement. The statement was in Latin, apart from "We are beggars," which was in German. | In what language was most of the statement written? | {
"text": [
"Latin"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
56d7018a0d65d214001982c3 | The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, 23–16, by scoring 11 points in the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game, 20–18, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt wit... | How many points did the Broncos score in the final three minutes of the Pittsburgh game? | {
"text": [
"11"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676 | Jacksonville is in the First Coast region of northeast Florida and is centered on the banks of the St. Johns River, about 25 miles (40 km) south of the Georgia state line and about 340 miles (550 km) north of Miami. The Jacksonville Beaches communities are along the adjacent Atlantic coast. The area was originally inha... | What river runs alongside Jacksonville? | {
"text": [
"St. Johns River"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} |
570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2 | Victoria has a written constitution enacted in 1975, but based on the 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855, which establishes the Parliament as the state's law-making body for matters coming under state responsibility. The Victorian Constitution can b... | What are the exceptions in the constitution that require special considerations to amend? | {
"text": [
"\"entrenched\" provisions"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} |
572669a9dd62a815002e841a | The principle of faunal succession is based on the appearance of fossils in sedimentary rocks. As organisms exist at the same time period throughout the world, their presence or (sometimes) absence may be used to provide a relative age of the formations in which they are found. Based on principles laid out by William S... | The principle of faunal succession was developed 100 years before whose theory of evolution? | {
"text": [
"Charles Darwin"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} |
572ff673b2c2fd140056866a | The Rhine-Meuse Delta, the most important natural region of the Netherlands begins near Millingen aan de Rijn, close to the Dutch-German border with the division of the Rhine into Waal and Nederrijn. Since the Rhine contributes most of the water, the shorter term Rhine Delta is commonly used. However, this name is also... | Where does the Delta in the Netherlands begin? | {
"text": [
"near Millingen aan de Rijn"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d | Because of their soft, gelatinous bodies, ctenophores are extremely rare as fossils, and fossils that have been interpreted as ctenophores have been found only in lagerstätten, places where the environment was exceptionally suited to preservation of soft tissue. Until the mid-1990s only two specimens good enough for an... | Ediacaran eoandromeda can be regarded to represent what? | {
"text": [
"comb jelly."
],
"answer_start": [
1213
]
} |
5726472bdd62a815002e8042 | Internet2 is a not-for-profit United States computer networking consortium led by members from the research and education communities, industry, and government. The Internet2 community, in partnership with Qwest, built the first Internet2 Network, called Abilene, in 1998 and was a prime investor in the National LambdaR... | what is Internet2 | {
"text": [
"a not-for-profit United States computer networking consortium led by members from the research and education communities, industry, and government"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
5726414e271a42140099d7e6 | Merit Network, Inc., an independent non-profit 501(c)(3) corporation governed by Michigan's public universities, was formed in 1966 as the Michigan Educational Research Information Triad to explore computer networking between three of Michigan's public universities as a means to help the state's educational and economi... | What completed the triad | {
"text": [
"an interactive host to host connection was made between the IBM mainframe computer systems at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and Wayne State"
],
"answer_start": [
499
]
} |
5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd | The principal Treaties that form the European Union began with common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy, but more complete and formal institutions were established through the Treaty of Rome 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992 (now: TFEU). Minor amendments were made during the 1960s and 1970s. Major amen... | In what years did Spain and Portugal join the European Union? | {
"text": [
"1985"
],
"answer_start": [
889
]
} |
57302700a23a5019007fce8b | For many years, Sudan had an Islamist regime under the leadership of Hassan al-Turabi. His National Islamic Front first gained influence when strongman General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government in 1979. Turabi built a powerful economic base with money from foreign Islamist banking systems, es... | What organization did General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invite members of to serve in his government? | {
"text": [
"National Islamic Front"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
56f8720eaef2371900626092 | Luther's hymns were frequently evoked by particular events in his life and the unfolding Reformation. This behavior started with his learning of the execution of Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes, the first individuals to be martyred by the Roman Catholic Church for Lutheran views, prompting Luther to write the hymn "Ein n... | Who is the English translator of this hymn? | {
"text": [
"John C. Messenger"
],
"answer_start": [
408
]
} |
56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cc | Tesla was renowned for his achievements and showmanship, eventually earning him a reputation in popular culture as an archetypal "mad scientist". His patents earned him a considerable amount of money, much of which was used to finance his own projects with varying degrees of success.:121,154 He lived most of his life i... | What year did Tesla die? | {
"text": [
"1943"
],
"answer_start": [
399
]
} |
5726ea985951b619008f8263 | Consultant pharmacy practice focuses more on medication regimen review (i.e. "cognitive services") than on actual dispensing of drugs. Consultant pharmacists most typically work in nursing homes, but are increasingly branching into other institutions and non-institutional settings. Traditionally consultant pharmacists ... | What are some large pharmacy management companies? | {
"text": [
"Omnicare, Kindred Healthcare and PharMerica"
],
"answer_start": [
463
]
} |
57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b | In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 ... | Which outbreak was associated with troops in the thirty years war? | {
"text": [
"Italian Plague"
],
"answer_start": [
736
]
} |
5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c38 | As previously arranged by his father, Temüjin married Börte of the Onggirat tribe when he was around 16 in order to cement alliances between their respective tribes. Soon after Börte's marriage to Temüjin, she was kidnapped by the Merkits and reportedly given away as a wife. Temüjin rescued her with the help of his fri... | What year did Börte's give birth to Jochi? | {
"text": [
"1185"
],
"answer_start": [
437
]
} |
5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedc | The costume collection is the most comprehensive in Britain, containing over 14,000 outfits plus accessories, mainly dating from 1600 to the present. Costume sketches, design notebooks, and other works on paper are typically held by the Word and Image department. Because everyday clothing from previous eras has not gen... | The Talbot Hughes collection was a gift from which company? | {
"text": [
"Harrods"
],
"answer_start": [
577
]
} |
572a07fc6aef0514001551dd | Evolution of the adaptive immune system occurred in an ancestor of the jawed vertebrates. Many of the classical molecules of the adaptive immune system (e.g., immunoglobulins and T cell receptors) exist only in jawed vertebrates. However, a distinct lymphocyte-derived molecule has been discovered in primitive jawless v... | What are two examples of primitive jawless vertebrates? | {
"text": [
"the lamprey and hagfish"
],
"answer_start": [
340
]
} |
5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe4 | Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe ... | What does immunodeficiency cause? | {
"text": [
"recurring and life-threatening infections"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} |
5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedb | The costume collection is the most comprehensive in Britain, containing over 14,000 outfits plus accessories, mainly dating from 1600 to the present. Costume sketches, design notebooks, and other works on paper are typically held by the Word and Image department. Because everyday clothing from previous eras has not gen... | In which year did the V&A received the Talbot Hughes collection? | {
"text": [
"1913"
],
"answer_start": [
470
]
} |
5730d26fb54a4f140068cc95 | The first Methodist clergy were ordained by John Wesley, a priest of the Church of England, because of the crisis caused by the American Revolution which isolated the Methodists in the States from the Church of England and its sacraments. Today, the clergy includes men and women who are ordained by bishops as elders an... | Clergy usually serve as what in local congregations? | {
"text": [
"pastors"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} |
571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5 | Oxygen was discovered independently by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, in Uppsala, in 1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774, but Priestley is often given priority because his work was published first. The name oxygen was coined in 1777 by Antoine Lavoisier, whose experiments with oxygen helped to discredit ... | What researcher first used the word oxygen ? | {
"text": [
"Antoine Lavoisier"
],
"answer_start": [
251
]
} |
572881d34b864d1900164a5a | Western medicine was also practiced in China by the Nestorian Christians of the Yuan court, where it was sometimes labeled as huihui or Muslim medicine. The Nestorian physician Jesus the Interpreter founded the Office of Western Medicine in 1263 during the reign of Kublai. Huihui doctors staffed at two imperial hospita... | What was huihui? | {
"text": [
"Muslim medicine"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
573088da069b53140083216c | The Royal Geographical Society of London and other geographical societies in Europe had great influence and were able to fund travelers who would come back with tales of their discoveries. These societies also served as a space for travellers to share these stories.Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germ... | Where was Halford Mackinder born? | {
"text": [
"Britain"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} |
5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b | In 1700 several hundred French Huguenots migrated from England to the colony of Virginia, where the English Crown had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County. When they arrived, colonial authorities offered them instead land 20 miles above the falls of the James River, at the abandoned Monacan village known a... | In what area of this British colony were Huguenot land grants? | {
"text": [
"Lower Norfolk County"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} |
56d726b60d65d214001983eb | With 4:51 left in regulation, Carolina got the ball on their own 24-yard line with a chance to mount a game-winning drive, and soon faced 3rd-and-9. On the next play, Miller stripped the ball away from Newton, and after several players dove for it, it took a long bounce backwards and was recovered by Ward, who returned... | Who recovered the strip ball? | {
"text": [
"Ward"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
57269698dd62a815002e8a6c | The city has two universities — Newcastle University and Northumbria University. Newcastle University has its origins in the School of Medicine and Surgery, established in 1834 and became independent from Durham University on 1 August 1963 to form the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. Newcastle University is now one o... | How many universities does Newcastle have? | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
5725db4aec44d21400f3d6be | Grissom, White, and Chaffee decided to name their flight Apollo 1 as a motivational focus on the first manned flight. They trained and conducted tests of their spacecraft at North American, and in the altitude chamber at the Kennedy Space Center. A "plugs-out" test was planned for January, which would simulate a launch... | Who was the main crew of Apollo 1, of which they named themselves? | {
"text": [
"Grissom, White, and Chaffee"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a | In 1700 several hundred French Huguenots migrated from England to the colony of Virginia, where the English Crown had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County. When they arrived, colonial authorities offered them instead land 20 miles above the falls of the James River, at the abandoned Monacan village known a... | In what English colony were Huguenot settlers promised land? | {
"text": [
"Virginia"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
57302700a23a5019007fce8d | For many years, Sudan had an Islamist regime under the leadership of Hassan al-Turabi. His National Islamic Front first gained influence when strongman General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government in 1979. Turabi built a powerful economic base with money from foreign Islamist banking systems, es... | Where did Turabi place students sympathetic to his views? | {
"text": [
"university and military academy"
],
"answer_start": [
461
]
} |
57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50 | Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, invited Huguenots to settle in his realms, and a number of their descendants rose to positions of prominence in Prussia. Several prominent German military, cultural, and political figures were ethnic Huguenot, including poet Theodor Fontane, General Hermann von François, the h... | What German ruler invited Huguenot immigration? | {
"text": [
"Frederick William"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
57269698dd62a815002e8a6e | The city has two universities — Newcastle University and Northumbria University. Newcastle University has its origins in the School of Medicine and Surgery, established in 1834 and became independent from Durham University on 1 August 1963 to form the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. Newcastle University is now one o... | What did Newcastle University win in 2000? | {
"text": [
"Sunday Times University of the Year award"
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} |
57281a952ca10214002d9dee | The most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years was Dudley Simpson, who is also well known for his theme and incidental music for Blake's 7, and for his haunting theme music and score for the original 1970s version of The Tomorrow People. Simpson's first Doctor Who score was Planet of Giants (1964) and ... | In what episode did Dudley Simpson play a music conductor? | {
"text": [
"The Talons of Weng-Chiang"
],
"answer_start": [
532
]
} |
5728f2e26aef051400154898 | Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe ... | What field involves the study of the immune system? | {
"text": [
"Immunology"
],
"answer_start": [
698
]
} |
572a1046af94a219006aa78d | Economist Joseph Stiglitz presented evidence in 2009 that both global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand. Economist Branko Milanovic, wrote in 2001 that, "The view that income inequality harms growth – or that improved equality can help sustain growth – has become mor... | What did Stiglitz present in 2009 regarding global inequality? | {
"text": [
"evidence"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
5728e715ff5b5019007da917 | Some forms of civil disobedience, such as illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins, make it more difficult for a system to function. In this way, they might be considered coercive. Brownlee notes that "although civil disobedients are constrained in their... | What goal do many of these protests have? | {
"text": [
"get their issue onto the table"
],
"answer_start": [
472
]
} |
5725c91e38643c19005acced | Despite their soft, gelatinous bodies, fossils thought to represent ctenophores, apparently with no tentacles but many more comb-rows than modern forms, have been found in lagerstätten as far back as the early Cambrian, about 515 million years ago. The position of the ctenophores in the evolutionary family tree of anim... | How old are the fossils found that represent ctenophhores ? | {
"text": [
"515 million years"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
572a005f1d046914007796b9 | The needs of soy farmers have been used to justify many of the controversial transportation projects that are currently developing in the Amazon. The first two highways successfully opened up the rainforest and led to increased settlement and deforestation. The mean annual deforestation rate from 2000 to 2005 (22,392 k... | The rate of clearing of forest from 2000 to 2005 was how many square miles per year? | {
"text": [
"8,646 sq mi"
],
"answer_start": [
326
]
} |
57290b21af94a219006a9fd2 | Kenya ranks low on Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index (CPI), a metric which attempts to gauge the prevalence of public sector corruption in various countries. In 2012, the nation placed 139th out of 176 total countries in the CPI, with a score of 27/100. However, there are several rather significa... | How does Kenya curb coruption? | {
"text": [
"the establishment of a new and independent Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission"
],
"answer_start": [
413
]
} |
572957ad1d046914007792d9 | Somewhere around a billion years ago, a free-living cyanobacterium entered an early eukaryotic cell, either as food or as an internal parasite, but managed to escape the phagocytic vacuole it was contained in. The two innermost lipid-bilayer membranes that surround all chloroplasts correspond to the outer and inner mem... | What kind of cell did cynaobacteria enter long ago? | {
"text": [
"eukaryotic"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a | Following the Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy later that year, that begins with the images of what he thought to be the unjust forms of authority of his time—and then imagines the stirrings of a new form of social action. It is perhaps the first modern[vague] s... | What was the principle shown in The Mark of Anarchy? | {
"text": [
"nonviolent protest"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} |
572a0bebaf94a219006aa773 | In 2010 the Amazon rainforest experienced another severe drought, in some ways more extreme than the 2005 drought. The affected region was approximate 1,160,000 square miles (3,000,000 km2) of rainforest, compared to 734,000 square miles (1,900,000 km2) in 2005. The 2010 drought had three epicenters where vegetation di... | How many tons of carbon are absorbed the Amazon in a typical year? | {
"text": [
"1.5 gigatons"
],
"answer_start": [
483
]
} |
572a03086aef0514001551a5 | Anti-inflammatory drugs are often used to control the effects of inflammation. Glucocorticoids are the most powerful of these drugs; however, these drugs can have many undesirable side effects, such as central obesity, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, and their use must be tightly controlled. Lower doses of anti-inflammato... | What is an example of an immunosuppressive drug that prevents T cell activity by altering signal transduction pathways? | {
"text": [
"cyclosporin"
],
"answer_start": [
707
]
} |
5725b81b271a42140099d098 | The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This ... | How many square kilometers of rainforest is covered in the basin? | {
"text": [
"5,500,000"
],
"answer_start": [
394
]
} |
57273dccdd62a815002e99fd | Contrary to popular belief, Genghis Khan did not conquer all the areas ultimately part of the Mongol Empire. At the time of his death, the Mongol Empire stretched from the Caspian Sea to the Sea of Japan. The empire's expansion continued for a generation or more after Genghis's death in 1227. Under Genghis's successor ... | What year was the conflict with the Song dynasty concluded? | {
"text": [
"1279"
],
"answer_start": [
570
]
} |
572a13841d0469140077973c | Studies on income inequality and growth have sometimes found evidence confirming the Kuznets curve hypothesis, which states that with economic development, inequality first increases, then decreases. Economist Thomas Piketty challenges this notion, claiming that from 1914 to 1945 wars and "violent economic and politica... | The Kuznets curve says with economic development, inequality will decrease after what? | {
"text": [
"first increases"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86 | Aristotle provided a philosophical discussion of the concept of a force as an integral part of Aristotelian cosmology. In Aristotle's view, the terrestrial sphere contained four elements that come to rest at different "natural places" therein. Aristotle believed that motionless objects on Earth, those composed mostly o... | What was the concept of force an integral part of? | {
"text": [
"Aristotelian cosmology"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
57338007d058e614000b5bde | Throughout its existence, Warsaw has been a multi-cultural city. According to the 1901 census, out of 711,988 inhabitants 56.2% were Catholics, 35.7% Jews, 5% Greek orthodox Christians and 2.8% Protestants. Eight years later, in 1909, there were 281,754 Jews (36.9%), 18,189 Protestants (2.4%) and 2,818 Mariavites (0.4%... | When were most of the places of religious worship destroyed in Warsaw? | {
"text": [
"1944"
],
"answer_start": [
488
]
} |
5725c337271a42140099d163 | Almost all ctenophores are predators, taking prey ranging from microscopic larvae and rotifers to the adults of small crustaceans; the exceptions are juveniles of two species, which live as parasites on the salps on which adults of their species feed. In favorable circumstances, ctenophores can eat ten times their own ... | How many species of Ctenophora have been validated? | {
"text": [
"100–150"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} |
5726577f708984140094c302 | The Black Death ravaged much of the Islamic world. Plague was present in at least one location in the Islamic world virtually every year between 1500 and 1850. Plague repeatedly struck the cities of North Africa. Algiers lost 30 to 50 thousand inhabitants to it in 1620–21, and again in 1654–57, 1665, 1691, and 1740–42.... | How many people were lost in Algiers during 1620-21? | {
"text": [
"30 to 50 thousand"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
573380e0d058e614000b5beb | The basic unit of territorial division in Poland is a commune (gmina). A city is also a commune – but with the city charter. Both cities and communes are governed by a mayor – but in the communes the mayor is vogt (wójt in Polish), however in the cities – burmistrz. Some bigger cities obtain the entitlements, i.e. task... | In what districts are the registration numbers for cars all of the same type? | {
"text": [
"Kraków"
],
"answer_start": [
1085
]
} |
57097d63ed30961900e84200 | The agreements include fixed annual carriage fees of £30m for the channels with both channel suppliers able to secure additional capped payments if their channels meet certain performance-related targets. Currently there is no indication as to whether the new deal includes the additional Video On Demand and High Defini... | What were high court proceedings being held about? | {
"text": [
"basic channels"
],
"answer_start": [
543
]
} |
56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63f | Peyton Manning became the first quarterback ever to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls. He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39. The past record was held by John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice P... | How old was Manning when he played Super Bowl 50? | {
"text": [
"39"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
572659535951b619008f7042 | Some buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM rad... | Name a luxury division of Toyota. | {
"text": [
"Lexus"
],
"answer_start": [
598
]
} |
5725f00938643c19005aceda | The neighborhood includes Kearney Boulevard, named after early 20th century entrepreneur and millionaire M. Theo Kearney, which extends from Fresno Street in Southwest Fresno about 20 mi (32 km) west to Kerman, California. A small, two-lane rural road for most of its length, Kearney Boulevard is lined with tall palm tr... | What was the name given to a section of Kearney Boulevard in efforts to change the areas image? | {
"text": [
"Brookhaven"
],
"answer_start": [
519
]
} |
5726ea985951b619008f8262 | Consultant pharmacy practice focuses more on medication regimen review (i.e. "cognitive services") than on actual dispensing of drugs. Consultant pharmacists most typically work in nursing homes, but are increasingly branching into other institutions and non-institutional settings. Traditionally consultant pharmacists ... | Where do a majority of consultant pharmacists tend to work? | {
"text": [
"nursing homes"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
56beca913aeaaa14008c9470 | With 4:51 left in regulation, Carolina got the ball on their own 24-yard line with a chance to mount a game-winning drive, and soon faced 3rd-and-9. On the next play, Miller stripped the ball away from Newton, and after several players dove for it, it took a long bounce backwards and was recovered by Ward, who returned... | What player punched the ball in from the 2? | {
"text": [
"Anderson"
],
"answer_start": [
674
]
} |
572671e55951b619008f72d9 | The Grainger Market replaced an earlier market originally built in 1808 called the Butcher Market. The Grainger Market itself, was opened in 1835 and was Newcastle's first indoor market. At the time of its opening in 1835 it was said to be one of the largest and most beautiful markets in Europe. The opening was celebra... | How many guests attended the dinner celebrating the opening of the Grainger Market? | {
"text": [
"2000"
],
"answer_start": [
356
]
} |
57268066708984140094c823 | In the laboratory, stratigraphers analyze samples of stratigraphic sections that can be returned from the field, such as those from drill cores. Stratigraphers also analyze data from geophysical surveys that show the locations of stratigraphic units in the subsurface. Geophysical data and well logs can be combined to p... | What can be combined with geophysical data to produce a better view of the subsurface? | {
"text": [
"well logs"
],
"answer_start": [
290
]
} |
56d20650e7d4791d00902615 | Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga performed the national anthem, while Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation. | What actress did the ASL translation for the game? | {
"text": [
"Marlee Matlin"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
57115bf350c2381900b54a97 | Although the reciprocating steam engine is no longer in widespread commercial use, various companies are exploring or exploiting the potential of the engine as an alternative to internal combustion engines. The company Energiprojekt AB in Sweden has made progress in using modern materials for harnessing the power of st... | What percentage of a high pressure engine's efficiency has the Energiprojekt AB engine achieved? | {
"text": [
"27-30%"
],
"answer_start": [
385
]
} |
5728202c4b864d19001644ed | Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged "wrong" by an individual conscience, or as part of an effort to render certain laws ineffective, to cause their repeal, or to exert pressure to get one's political wishes on some other issue. Revolutionary civil di... | What group of people performed revolutionary civil disobedience toward the Austrian government? | {
"text": [
"Hungarians"
],
"answer_start": [
716
]
} |
572991943f37b319004784a5 | A third type of conjectures concerns aspects of the distribution of primes. It is conjectured that there are infinitely many twin primes, pairs of primes with difference 2 (twin prime conjecture). Polignac's conjecture is a strengthening of that conjecture, it states that for every positive integer n, there are infinit... | What conjecture holds that there are always a minimum of 4 primes between the squares of consecutive primes greater than 2? | {
"text": [
"Brocard's conjecture"
],
"answer_start": [
521
]
} |
5726f4a0708984140094d6ec | In 1857 John Sheepshanks donated 233 paintings, mainly by contemporary British artists, and a similar number of drawings to the museum with the intention of forming a 'A National Gallery of British Art', a role since taken on by Tate Britain; artists represented are William Blake, James Barry, Henry Fuseli, Sir Edwin H... | An 1821 full size oil sketch of which famous British painting was donated by John Sheepshank's daughter in 1888? | {
"text": [
"The Hay Wain"
],
"answer_start": [
698
]
} |
57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d | The efficiency of a Rankine cycle is usually limited by the working fluid. Without the pressure reaching supercritical levels for the working fluid, the temperature range the cycle can operate over is quite small; in steam turbines, turbine entry temperatures are typically 565 °C (the creep limit of stainless steel) an... | What is 565 °C the creep limit of? | {
"text": [
"stainless steel"
],
"answer_start": [
301
]
} |
5725b81b271a42140099d09a | The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This ... | How many nations contain "Amazonas" in their names? | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
774
]
} |
5729e2316aef0514001550c6 | The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This ... | How many nations are within the Amazon Basin? | {
"text": [
"nine"
],
"answer_start": [
515
]
} |
56d9cb47dc89441400fdb834 | With 4:51 left in regulation, Carolina got the ball on their own 24-yard line with a chance to mount a game-winning drive, and soon faced 3rd-and-9. On the next play, Miller stripped the ball away from Newton, and after several players dove for it, it took a long bounce backwards and was recovered by Ward, who returned... | What is the last name of the player who finally recovered the ball Newton lost in the fourth quarter? | {
"text": [
"Ward"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
573088da069b53140083216b | The Royal Geographical Society of London and other geographical societies in Europe had great influence and were able to fund travelers who would come back with tales of their discoveries. These societies also served as a space for travellers to share these stories.Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germ... | Where was Friedrich Ratzel born? | {
"text": [
"Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
316
]
} |
572968cf1d046914007793ce | Chloroplasts have their own DNA, often abbreviated as ctDNA, or cpDNA. It is also known as the plastome. Its existence was first proved in 1962, and first sequenced in 1986—when two Japanese research teams sequenced the chloroplast DNA of liverwort and tobacco. Since then, hundreds of chloroplast DNAs from various spec... | When was the first plastome sequenced? | {
"text": [
"1986"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
570610b275f01819005e792e | Southern California is home to Los Angeles International Airport, the second-busiest airport in the United States by passenger volume (see World's busiest airports by passenger traffic) and the third by international passenger volume (see Busiest airports in the United States by international passenger traffic); San Di... | What is the world's busiest general aviation airport? | {
"text": [
"Van Nuys Airport"
],
"answer_start": [
394
]
} |
5726da89dd62a815002e92b4 | A Pharmacy Technician in the UK is considered a health care professional and often does not work under the direct supervision of a pharmacist (if employed in a hospital pharmacy) but instead is supervised and managed by other senior pharmacy technicians. In the UK the role of a PhT has grown and responsibility has been... | What is a main duty of the GPhC? | {
"text": [
"regulates the practice of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians"
],
"answer_start": [
778
]
} |
57264b3edd62a815002e80ad | Medical knowledge had stagnated during the Middle Ages. The most authoritative account at the time came from the medical faculty in Paris in a report to the king of France that blamed the heavens, in the form of a conjunction of three planets in 1345 that caused a "great pestilence in the air". This report became the f... | What is the bad air theory officially known as? | {
"text": [
"Miasma theory"
],
"answer_start": [
528
]
} |
57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7 | Other predecessors of the Reformed church included the pro-reform and Gallican Roman Catholics, such as Jacques Lefevre (c. 1455–1536). The Gallicans briefly achieved independence for the French church, on the principle that the religion of France could not be controlled by the Bishop of Rome, a foreign power. During t... | Where did this pro-reform leader teach? | {
"text": [
"University of Paris"
],
"answer_start": [
375
]
} |
5726f48df1498d1400e8f0da | In most jurisdictions (such as the United States), pharmacists are regulated separately from physicians. These jurisdictions also usually specify that only pharmacists may supply scheduled pharmaceuticals to the public, and that pharmacists cannot form business partnerships with physicians or give them "kickback" payme... | How are pharmacists regulated in most jurisdictions? | {
"text": [
"separately from physicians"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
5725c604271a42140099d187 | Seamans' establishment of an ad-hoc committee headed by his special technical assistant Nicholas E. Golovin in July 1961, to recommend a launch vehicle to be used in the Apollo program, represented a turning point in NASA's mission mode decision. This committee recognized that the chosen mode was an important part of t... | Which NASA faction came around first to support the LOR? | {
"text": [
"Manned Spacecraft Center"
],
"answer_start": [
578
]
} |
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