In 2012, SLI opened Caritas Counseling Center, later renamed Saint Luke Center, near Towson, Md., for outpatient therapy and spiritual direction.<sup id=\"cite_ref-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-18\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>18<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>In June 2013, SLI purchased the St. Louis Consultation Center, which provided intensive outpatient psychological and spiritual treatment, education and candidate assessments.<sup id=\"cite_ref-19\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-19\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>19<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, Rev. James Garvey, O.Praem., D.Min. became president.<sup id=\"cite_ref-20\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-20\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>20<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Today\">Today</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Saint_Luke_Institute&action=edit&section=2\" title=\"Edit section: Today\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>The St. Louis program was moved to Silver Spring, Md., in 2021 as SLI transitioned from residential care to an intensive outpatient program. SLI also provides outpatient therapy, spiritual direction services, continuing care and national educational programs related to psychological and spiritual health of clergy, men and women religious, lay ministers and other leaders.<sup id=\"cite_ref-21\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-21\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>21<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> \n</p><p>Saint Luke is led by Rev. Quinn Conners, O.Carm., Ph.D., interim president & CEO. A clinical psychologist, Fr. Conners has been associated with the organization for 27 years and is a recognized expert in mental health care of priests and religious.<sup id=\"cite_ref-22\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-22\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>22<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> \n</p><p>Saint Luke Institute is accredited by The Joint Commission and is licensed by the <a href=\"/wiki/Maryland_Department_of_Health\" title=\"Maryland Department of Health\">State of Maryland Department of Health</a>. \n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"See_also\">See also</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Saint_Luke_Institute&action=edit&section=3\" title=\"Edit section: See also\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Washington\" title=\"Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington\">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Maryland\" title=\"List of hospitals in Maryland\">List of hospitals in Maryland</a></li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"References\">References</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Saint_Luke_Institute&action=edit&section=4\" title=\"Edit section: References\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1239543626\">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class=\"reflist reflist-columns references-column-width\" style=\"column-width: 33em;\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-1\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1238218222\">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"'\"\"'\"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg\")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.guidestar.org/profile/52-1082730\">\"Saint Luke Institute\"</a><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">19 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Luke+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guidestar.org%2Fprofile%2F52-1082730&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://sli.org/services\">\"Services\"</a>. <i>Saint Luke Institute</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">April 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Saint+Luke+Institute&rft.atitle=Services&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsli.org%2Fservices&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Sun2002-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-Sun2002_3-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Sun2002_3-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFGibsonRivera2002\" class=\"citation news cs1\">Gibson, Gail; Rivera, John (April 11, 2002). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.baltimoresun.com/2002/04/11/maryland-center-claims-success-treating-priests/\">\"Maryland center claims success treating priests\"</a>. <i>Baltimore Sun</i>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Maryland+center+claims+success+treating+priests&rft.date=2002-04-11&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Gail&rft.au=Rivera%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2F2002%2F04%2F11%2Fmaryland-center-claims-success-treating-priests%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-NYTimes-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-NYTimes_4-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-NYTimes_4-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation news cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/12/obituaries/rev-michael-peterson-hospital-founder-dies.html?mcubz=2\">\"Rev. Michael Peterson, Hospital Founder, Dies\"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 12 April 1987.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rev.+Michael+Peterson%2C+Hospital+Founder%2C+Dies&rft.date=1987-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F04%2F12%2Fobituaries%2Frev-michael-peterson-hospital-founder-dies.html%3Fmcubz%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-5\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">”The Rev. Monsignor Robert E. Bacher.” (2008, April 16) Akron Beacon Journal from [www.legacy.com/Ohio/Obituaries.asp?Page=LifeStory&PersonID=107711879 Ohio.com].</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-LAT1993-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-LAT1993_6-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-LAT1993_6-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-LAT1993_6-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-LAT1993_6-3\"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFBerry1993\" class=\"citation news cs1\">Berry, Jason (13 June 1993). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-06-13-tm-2550-story.html\">\"Fathers and Sins: An Uneasy Coalition of Activists and Clerics Is Forcing the Catholic Hierarchy to Confront the Problem of Sexually Abusive Priests\"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Fathers+and+Sins%3A+An+Uneasy+Coalition+of+Activists+and+Clerics+Is+Forcing+the+Catholic+Hierarchy+to+Confront+the+Problem+of+Sexually+Abusive+Priests&rft.date=1993-06-13&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1993-06-13-tm-2550-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-7\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://sli.org/about-us/\">\"Saint Luke Institute | About Us\"</a><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">April 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Luke+Institute+%7C+About+Us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsli.org%2Fabout-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-8\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.sliconnect.org/category/articles/lukenotes/\">\"Saint Luke Institute | Lukenotes\"</a><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">10 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Luke+Institute+%7C+Lukenotes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sliconnect.org%2Fcategory%2Farticles%2Flukenotes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-9\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://sli.org/about-us/locations/st-lukes-centre-manchester-england/\">\"St. Luke's Centre\"</a>. <i>St. Luke's Centre</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">12 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St.+Luke%27s+Centre&rft.atitle=St.+Luke%27s+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsli.org%2Fabout-us%2Flocations%2Fst-lukes-centre-manchester-england%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-10\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.hscrc.state.md.us/documents/Hospitals/ReportsFinancial/Audited/FY2010/StLuke-AFS2010.pdf\">\"St. Luke Audited Financial Statements\"</a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span>. Maryland Health Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission. 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Rossetti to step down as head of St. Luke Institute.” Catholic News Service.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-AP-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-AP_12-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-AP_12-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation news cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://apnews.com/3d0fcc22928b40aca05b0a1ad52705d9/priest-who-stole-dead-priest-paroled-remains-jailed\">\"Priest who stole $300k to remain in jail after 1st parole\"</a>. <i>AP News</i>. April 19, 2016.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Priest+who+stole+%24300k+to+remain+in+jail+after+1st+parole&rft.date=2016-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2F3d0fcc22928b40aca05b0a1ad52705d9%2Fpriest-who-stole-dead-priest-paroled-remains-jailed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-13\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/pope-francis-edward-arsenault-priest-new-hampshire-hospital/\">\"Pope Francis Dismisses New Hampshire Priest Who Stole $300,000 From Bishop, Hospital\"</a>. <i>www.cbsnews.com</i>. 7 April 2017<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2023-04-26</span></span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cbsnews.com&rft.atitle=Pope+Francis+Dismisses+New+Hampshire+Priest+Who+Stole+%24300%2C000+From+Bishop%2C+Hospital&rft.date=2017-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fboston%2Fnews%2Fpope-francis-edward-arsenault-priest-new-hampshire-hospital%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-14\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130610095044/http://www.sli.org/news/leadership-change\">\"Leadership change\"</a>. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://sli.org/news/leadership-change/\">the original</a> on 2013-06-10<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">July 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leadership+change&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsli.org%2Fnews%2Fleadership-change%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-15\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation news cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/27178/priest-resigns-from-clergy-treatment-center-amid-allegations\">\"Priest resigns from clergy treatment center amid allegations\"</a>. <i>Catholic News Agency</i>. May 9, 2013.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catholic+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Priest+resigns+from+clergy+treatment+center+amid+allegations&rft.date=2013-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnewsagency.com%2Fnews%2F27178%2Fpriest-resigns-from-clergy-treatment-center-amid-allegations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-16\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20141104075527/http://www.sli.org/news/capuchin-father-david-songy-named-president/\">\"Saint Luke Institute :: Capuchin Father David Songy Named President\"</a>. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://sli.org/news/capuchin-father-david-songy-named-president/\">the original</a> on 2014-11-04<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2014-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Luke+Institute+%3A%3A+Capuchin+Father+David+Songy+Named+President&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsli.org%2Fnews%2Fcapuchin-father-david-songy-named-president%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-17\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://sli.org/about-us/locations/saint-luke-center-louisville-ky/\">\"Saint Luke Center | Louisville, Kentucky\"</a>. <i>Saint Luke Institute | Louisville</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">April 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Saint+Luke+Institute+%7C+Louisville&rft.atitle=Saint+Luke+Center+%7C+Louisville%2C+Kentucky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsli.org%2Fabout-us%2Flocations%2Fsaint-luke-center-louisville-ky%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-18\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-18\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://sli.org/about-us/locations/saint-luke-center-baltimore/\">\"Saint Luke Center | Lutherville-Timonium\"</a><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">April 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Luke+Center+%7C+Lutherville-Timonium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsli.org%2Fabout-us%2Flocations%2Fsaint-luke-center-baltimore%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-19\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-19\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130613160428/http://www.sli.org/news/st-louis-consultation-center/\">\"Saint Luke Institute :: New Partnership with St. Louis Consultation Center\"</a>. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://sli.org/news/st-louis-consultation-center/\">the original</a> on 2013-06-13<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2013-06-24</span></span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Luke+Institute+%3A%3A+New+Partnership+with+St.+Louis+Consultation+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsli.org%2Fnews%2Fst-louis-consultation-center%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-20\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-20\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://sli.org/blog/press/welcome-new-president-ceo-rev-james-garvey-o-praem-d-min/\">\"Welcome Fr. James Garvey, O.Praem., D.Min\"</a>. <i>Saint Luke Institute</i>. 2023-02-01<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2023-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Saint+Luke+Institute&rft.atitle=Welcome+Fr.+James+Garvey%2C+O.Praem.%2C+D.Min.&rft.date=2023-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsli.org%2Fblog%2Fpress%2Fwelcome-new-president-ceo-rev-james-garvey-o-praem-d-min%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-21\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-21\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://cathstan.org/news/us-world/saint-luke-institute-pivots-its-intensive-mental-health-treatment-center-away-from-residential-care\">\"Saint Luke Institute pivots its intensive mental health treatment center away from residential care\"</a>. <i>Catholic Standard</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2023-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Standard&rft.atitle=Saint+Luke+Institute+pivots+its+intensive+mental+health+treatment+center+away+from+residential+care&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcathstan.org%2Fnews%2Fus-world%2Fsaint-luke-institute-pivots-its-intensive-mental-health-treatment-center-away-from-residential-care&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-22\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-22\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://sli.org/blog/leadership/rev-quinn-conners-named-interim-president-ceo/\">\"Rev. Quinn Conners, O.Carm., Ph.D., Named Interim President & CEO of Saint Luke Institute\"</a>. June 12, 2024<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">June 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rev.+Quinn+Conners%2C+O.Carm.%2C+Ph.D.%2C+Named+Interim+President+%26+CEO+of+Saint+Luke+Institute&rft.date=2024-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsli.org%2Fblog%2Fleadership%2Frev-quinn-conners-named-interim-president-ceo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n</ol></div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"External_links\">External links</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Saint_Luke_Institute&action=edit&section=5\" title=\"Edit section: External links\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.sli.org\">Saint Luke Institute</a> official site</li></ul>\n<p><span class=\"geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1156832818\">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class=\"plainlinks nourlexpansion\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Saint_Luke_Institute&params=39_0_10_N_76_58_49_W_region:US-MD_type:landmark\"><span class=\"geo-default\"><span class=\"geo-dms\" title=\"Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location\"><span class=\"latitude\">39°0′10″N</span> <span class=\"longitude\">76°58′49″W</span></span></span><span class=\"geo-multi-punct\"> / </span><span class=\"geo-nondefault\"><span class=\"geo-dec\" title=\"Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location\">39.00278°N 76.98028°W</span><span style=\"display:none\"> / <span class=\"geo\">39.00278; -76.98028</span></span></span></a></span></span>\n</p>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1129693374\">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:\": 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.navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Hospitals_in_Maryland\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1239400231\">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:\"[ \"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:\" ]\"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template:Hospitals_in_Maryland\" title=\"Template:Hospitals in Maryland\"><abbr title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template_talk:Hospitals_in_Maryland\" title=\"Template talk:Hospitals in Maryland\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hospitals_in_Maryland\" title=\"Special:EditPage/Template:Hospitals in Maryland\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Hospitals_in_Maryland\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\">Hospitals in Maryland</div></th></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">General/Acute/Emergency</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Adventist_HealthCare_Fort_Washington_Medical_Center&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Adventist HealthCare Fort Washington Medical Center (page does not exist)\">Adventist HealthCare - Fort Washington</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Adventist_HealthCare_Shady_Grove_Medical_Center\" title=\"Adventist HealthCare Shady Grove Medical Center\">Adventist HealthCare - Shady Grove</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Adventist_HealthCare_White_Oak_Medical_Center\" title=\"Adventist HealthCare White Oak Medical Center\">Adventist HealthCare - White Oak</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Anne_Arundel_Medical_Center\" title=\"Anne Arundel Medical Center\">Anne Arundel Medical Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Atlantic_General_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Atlantic General Hospital (page does not exist)\">Atlantic General</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/CalvertHealth_Medical_Center\" title=\"CalvertHealth Medical Center\">CalvertHealth</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Carroll_Hospital\" title=\"Carroll Hospital\">Carroll Hospital</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Doctors_Community_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Doctors Community Hospital (page does not exist)\">Doctors Community</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Frederick_Health_Hospital\" title=\"Frederick Health Hospital\">Frederick Health</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Garrett_Regional_Medical_Center&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Garrett Regional Medical Center (page does not exist)\">Garrett Regional</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Grace_Medical_Center_(Baltimore)\" title=\"Grace Medical Center (Baltimore)\">Grace Medical Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Greater_Baltimore_Medical_Center\" title=\"Greater Baltimore Medical Center\">GBMC</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Holy_Cross_Germantown_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Holy Cross Germantown Hospital (page does not exist)\">Holy Cross - Germantown</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Holy_Cross_Hospital_(Silver_Spring)\" title=\"Holy Cross Hospital (Silver Spring)\">Holy Cross - Silver Spring</a></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Hospital\" title=\"Johns Hopkins Hospital\">Johns Hopkins</a></i></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Bayview_Medical_Center\" title=\"Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center\">Johns Hopkins Bayview</a></i></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Howard_County_Medical_Center\" title=\"Johns Hopkins Howard County Medical Center\">Johns Hopkins Howard County</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/MedStar_Franklin_Square_Medical_Center\" title=\"MedStar Franklin Square Medical Center\">MedStar Franklin Square</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/MedStar_Good_Samaritan_Hospital\" title=\"MedStar Good Samaritan Hospital\">MedStar Good Samaritan</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/MedStar_Harbor_Hospital\" title=\"MedStar Harbor Hospital\">MedStar Harbor</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/MedStar_Montgomery_Medical_Center\" title=\"MedStar Montgomery Medical Center\">MedStar Montgomery</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/MedStar_Southern_Maryland_Hospital_Center\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"MedStar Southern Maryland Hospital Center\">MedStar Southern Maryland</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/MedStar_St._Mary%27s_Hospital\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"MedStar St. Mary's Hospital\">MedStar St. Mary's</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/MedStar_Union_Memorial_Hospital\" title=\"MedStar Union Memorial Hospital\">MedStar Union Memorial</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mercy_Medical_Center_(Baltimore,_Maryland)\" title=\"Mercy Medical Center (Baltimore, Maryland)\">Mercy</a></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Meritus_Medical_Center&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Meritus Medical Center (page does not exist)\">Meritus</a></i></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Northwest_Hospital_(Randallstown,_Maryland)\" title=\"Northwest Hospital (Randallstown, Maryland)\">Northwest</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/St._Agnes_Hospital_(Baltimore)\" title=\"St. Agnes Hospital (Baltimore)\">St. Agnes</a></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Sinai_Hospital_(Maryland)\" title=\"Sinai Hospital (Maryland)\">Sinai</a></i></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Suburban_Hospital\" title=\"Suburban Hospital\">Suburban</a></i></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/TidalHealth_Peninsula_Regional\" title=\"TidalHealth Peninsula Regional\">TidalHealth Peninsula Regional</a></i></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Union_Hospital_(Maryland)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Union Hospital (Maryland)\">Union</a></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/UPMC_Western_Maryland\" title=\"UPMC Western Maryland\">UPMC Western Maryland</a></i></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Medical_Center\" title=\"University of Maryland Medical Center\">University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC)</a> (<a href=\"/wiki/R_Adams_Cowley_Shock_Trauma_Center\" title=\"R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center\">R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center)</a></i></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Medical_Center_Midtown_Campus\" title=\"University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus\">UMMC Midtown</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Baltimore_Washington_Medical_Center\" title=\"University of Maryland Baltimore Washington Medical Center\">UM Baltimore Washington Medical Center</a></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Medical_System#University_of_Maryland_Capital_Region_Health\" title=\"University of Maryland Medical System\">UM Capital Region</a></i></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Charles_Regional_Medical_Center\" title=\"University of Maryland Charles Regional Medical Center\">UM Charles Regional</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Harford_Memorial_Hospital\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"University of Maryland Harford Memorial Hospital\">UM Harford Memorial</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Shore_Medical_Center_at_Chestertown\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"University of Maryland Shore Medical Center at Chestertown\"> UM Shore - Chestertown</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Shore_Medical_Center_at_Easton\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"University of Maryland Shore Medical Center at Easton\"> UM Shore - Easton</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/University_of_Maryland_St._Joseph_Medical_Center\" title=\"University of Maryland St. Joseph Medical Center\">UM St. Joseph</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Upper_Chesapeake_Medical_Center\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"University of Maryland Upper Chesapeake Medical Center\">UM Upper Chesapeake</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Walter_Reed_National_Military_Medical_Center\" title=\"Walter Reed National Military Medical Center\">Walter Reed NMMC</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Freestanding Emergency Centers</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Adventist_HealthCare_-_Germantown_Emergency_Center&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Adventist HealthCare - Germantown Emergency Center (page does not exist)\">Adventist HealthCare - Germantown EC</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=TidalHealth_McCready_Pavilion&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"TidalHealth McCready Pavilion (page does not exist)\">TidalHealth McCready Pavilion</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=University_of_Maryland_Bowie_Health_Center&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"University of Maryland Bowie Health Center (page does not exist)\">UM Bowie Health Center EC</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Laurel_Medical_Center\" title=\"University of Maryland Laurel Medical Center\">UM Laurel Medical Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=University_of_Maryland_Shore_Medical_Center_at_Cambridge&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"University of Maryland Shore Medical Center at Cambridge (page does not exist)\">UM Shore - Cambridge MC</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Shore_Emergency_Center_at_Queenstown\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"University of Maryland Shore Emergency Center at Queenstown\">UM Shore - Queenstown EC</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Long term/rehab/outpatient</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Adventist_Rehabilitation_Hospital_of_Maryland&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Adventist Rehabilitation Hospital of Maryland (page does not exist)\">Adventist Rehabilitation Hospital of Maryland</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg_Center&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Brandenburg Center (page does not exist)\">Brandenburg Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Deer%27s_Head_Center&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Deer's Head Center (page does not exist)\">Deer's Head Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Gladys_Spellman_Specialty_Hospital_%26_Nursing_Center&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Gladys Spellman Specialty Hospital & Nursing Center (page does not exist)\">Gladys Spellman Specialty Hospital & Nursing Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Holly_Center&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Holly Center (page does not exist)\">Holly Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Kennedy_Krieger_Institute\" title=\"Kennedy Krieger Institute\">Kennedy Krieger Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Rehabilitation_%26_Orthopaedic_Institute\" title=\"University of Maryland Rehabilitation & Orthopaedic Institute\">UM Rehab & Ortho Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/LifeBridge_Health#Levindale_Hebrew_Geriatric_Center_and_Hospital\" title=\"LifeBridge Health\">Levindale Hebrew Geriatric Center and Hospital</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mt._Washington_Pediatric_Hospital\" title=\"Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital\">Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_VA_Medical_Center&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Baltimore VA Medical Center (page does not exist)\">VA Baltimore</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Perry_Point_VA_Medical_Center&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Perry Point VA Medical Center (page does not exist)\">VA Perry Point</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Western_Maryland_Hospital_Center_(Hagerstown)&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Western Maryland Hospital Center (Hagerstown) (page does not exist)\">Western Maryland Hospital Center</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Psychiatric</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Adventist_Behavioral_Health_Eastern_Shore&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Adventist Behavioral Health Eastern Shore (page does not exist)\">Adventist Behavioral Health Eastern Shore</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Adventist_Behavioral_Health_Rockville&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Adventist Behavioral Health Rockville (page does not exist)\">Adventist Behavioral Health Rockville</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Brook_Lane_Psychiatric_Center&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Brook Lane Psychiatric Center (page does not exist)\">Brook Lane</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Clifton_T._Perkins_Hospital_Center\" title=\"Clifton T. Perkins Hospital Center\">Clifton T. Perkins</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Eastern_Shore_Hospital_Center\" title=\"Eastern Shore Hospital Center\">Eastern Shore</a></li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Saint Luke Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sheppard_and_Enoch_Pratt_Hospital\" title=\"Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital\">Sheppard Pratt</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sheppard_Pratt_at_Elkridge\" title=\"Sheppard Pratt at Elkridge\">Sheppard Pratt at Elkridge</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sheppard_Pratt_at_Ellicott_City\" title=\"Sheppard Pratt at Ellicott City\">Sheppard Pratt at Ellicott City</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Spring_Grove_Hospital_Center\" title=\"Spring Grove Hospital Center\">Spring Grove</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Springfield_Hospital_Center\" title=\"Springfield Hospital Center\">Springfield</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Thomas_B._Finan_Center\" title=\"Thomas B. Finan Center\">Thomas B. Finan Center</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Research/Teaching</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Hospital\" title=\"Johns Hopkins Hospital\">Johns Hopkins Hospital</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Children%27s_Center\" title=\"Johns Hopkins Children's Center\">Johns Hopkins Children's Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/MedStar_Union_Memorial_Hospital\" title=\"MedStar Union Memorial Hospital\">MedStar Union Memorial</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health\" title=\"National Institutes of Health\">NIH</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/St._Agnes_Hospital_(Baltimore)\" title=\"St. Agnes Hospital (Baltimore)\">St. Agnes Hospital</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Medical_Center\" title=\"University of Maryland Medical Center\">University of Maryland Medical Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health_Clinical_Center\" title=\"National Institutes of Health Clinical Center\">National Institutes of Health Clinical Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Walter_Reed_National_Military_Medical_Center\" title=\"Walter Reed National Military Medical Center\">Walter Reed NMMC</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Defunct</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Baltimore_General_Dispensary\" title=\"Baltimore General Dispensary\">Baltimore General Dispensary</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Children%27s_Hospital_(Maryland)&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Children's Hospital (Maryland) (page does not exist)\">Children's Hospital</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Church_Home_and_Hospital\" title=\"Church Home and Hospital\">Church Home and Hospital</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Crownsville_Hospital_Center\" title=\"Crownsville Hospital Center\">Crownsville Hospital Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Edward_W._McCready_Memorial_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Edward W. McCready Memorial Hospital (page does not exist)\">McCready Memorial</a></li>\n<li>Fallston General Hospital</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Forest_Haven\" title=\"Forest Haven\">Forest Haven</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Fort_Howard_Veterans_Hospital\" title=\"Fort Howard Veterans Hospital\">Fort Howard Veterans Hospital</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Glenn_Dale_Hospital\" title=\"Glenn Dale Hospital\">Glenn Dale Hospital</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gundry_Sanitarium\" title=\"Gundry Sanitarium\">Gundry Sanitarium</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Henryton_State_Hospital\" title=\"Henryton State Hospital\">Henryton State Hospital</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jarvis_Hospital\" title=\"Jarvis Hospital\">Jarvis Hospital</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Laurel_Sanitarium\" title=\"Laurel Sanitarium\">Laurel Sanitarium</a></li>\n<li>Lutheran Hospital</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Memorial_Hospital_(Cumberland)\" title=\"Memorial Hospital (Cumberland)\">Memorial of Cumberland</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pine_Bluff_State_Hospital\" title=\"Pine Bluff State Hospital\">Pine Bluff State Hospital</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Provident_Hospital_(Baltimore)\" title=\"Provident Hospital (Baltimore)\">Provident Hospital</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rosewood_Center\" title=\"Rosewood Center\">Rosewood Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sydenham_Hospital_for_Communicable_Diseases\" title=\"Sydenham Hospital for Communicable Diseases\">Sydenham</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/WMHS_Braddock_Campus_(Cumberland,_Maryland)\" title=\"WMHS Braddock Campus (Cumberland, Maryland)\">Sacred Heart</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Shore_Medical_Center_at_Dorchester\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"University of Maryland Shore Medical Center at Dorchester\"> UM Shore - Dorchester</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=University_of_Maryland_Prince_George%27s_Hospital_Center&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"University of Maryland Prince George's Hospital Center (page does not exist)\">UM Prince George's</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=University_Specialty_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"University Specialty Hospital (page does not exist)\">University Specialty Hospital</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Walter_P_Carter_Center\" title=\"Walter P Carter Center\">Walter P Carter Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Washington_County_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Washington County Hospital (page does not exist)\">Washington County Hospital</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Greater_Baltimore_Medical_Center#History\" title=\"Greater Baltimore Medical Center\">Women's Hospital</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"2\"><div><i>Italics</i> denote designated <a href=\"/wiki/Trauma_center\" title=\"Trauma center\">Trauma Centers</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐69c974fc68‐wkz29\nCached time: 20241231035732\nCache expiry: 2592000\nReduced expiry: false\nComplications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc]\nCPU time usage: 0.365 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.518 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 2119/1000000\nPost‐expand include size: 63893/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 1537/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 10/100\nExpensive parser function count: 1/500\nUnstrip recursion depth: 1/20\nUnstrip post‐expand size: 79733/5000000 bytes\nLua time usage: 0.244/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 5495189/52428800 bytes\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400\n-->\n<!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 472.470 1 -total\n 33.28% 157.260 1 Template:Reflist\n 25.06% 118.421 15 Template:Cite_web\n 19.53% 92.281 1 Template:Infobox_organization\n 18.75% 88.572 1 Template:Short_description\n 17.79% 84.056 1 Template:Hospitals_in_Maryland\n 17.09% 80.722 1 Template:Navbox\n 16.64% 78.604 1 Template:Infobox\n 8.95% 42.289 2 Template:Pagetype\n 7.58% 35.792 5 Template:Main_other\n-->\n\n<!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:22256167:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241231035732 and revision id 1250222875. Rendering was triggered because: unknown\n -->\n</div><!--esi <esi:include src=\"/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content\" /> --><noscript><img src=\"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" style=\"border: none; position: absolute;\"></noscript>\n<div class=\"printfooter\" data-nosnippet=\"\">Retrieved from \"<a dir=\"ltr\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint_Luke_Institute&oldid=1250222875\">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint_Luke_Institute&oldid=1250222875</a>\"</div></div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"catlinks\" class=\"catlinks\" data-mw=\"interface\"><div id=\"mw-normal-catlinks\" class=\"mw-normal-catlinks\"><a href=\"/wiki/Help:Category\" title=\"Help:Category\">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Silver_Spring,_Maryland\" title=\"Category:Buildings and structures in Silver Spring, Maryland\">Buildings and structures in Silver Spring, Maryland</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Hospitals_established_in_1981\" title=\"Category:Hospitals established in 1981\">Hospitals established in 1981</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Non-profit_organizations_based_in_Maryland\" title=\"Category:Non-profit organizations based in Maryland\">Non-profit organizations based in Maryland</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Organizations_based_in_the_Baltimore%E2%80%93Washington_metropolitan_area\" title=\"Category:Organizations based in the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area\">Organizations based in the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Psychiatric_hospitals_in_Maryland\" title=\"Category:Psychiatric hospitals in Maryland\">Psychiatric hospitals in Maryland</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Silver_Spring,_Maryland_(CDP)\" title=\"Category:Silver Spring, Maryland (CDP)\">Silver Spring, Maryland (CDP)</a></li></ul></div><div id=\"mw-hidden-catlinks\" class=\"mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden\">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas\" title=\"Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas\">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description\" title=\"Category:Articles with short description\">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata\" title=\"Category:Short description is different from Wikidata\">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata\" title=\"Category:Coordinates on Wikidata\">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</main>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t</div>\n\t\t<div class=\"mw-footer-container\">\n\t\t\t\n<footer id=\"footer\" class=\"mw-footer\" >\n\t<ul id=\"footer-info\">\n\t<li id=\"footer-info-lastmod\"> This page was last edited on 9 October 2024, at 04:30<span class=\"anonymous-show\"> (UTC)</span>.</li>\n\t<li id=\"footer-info-copyright\">Text is available under the <a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License\" title=\"Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License\">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>;\nadditional terms may apply. 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class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">3</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>References</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-References-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n\t<li id=\"toc-External_links\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#External_links\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>External links</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-External_links-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</div>\n\t\t<div class=\"mw-content-container\">\n\t\t\t<main id=\"content\" class=\"mw-body\">\n\t\t\t\t<header class=\"mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Contents\" class=\"vector-toc-landmark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox \" aria-label=\"Toggle the table of contents\" >\n\t<label id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-label\" for=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only \" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Toggle the table of contents</span>\n\t</label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading mw-first-heading\"><span class=\"mw-page-title-main\">Pascal Rigo</span></h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"p-lang-btn-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector\" aria-label=\"This article exist only in this language. 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vector-pinnable-header-pinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"appearance-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-appearance\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-appearance-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-appearance-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<div class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Appearance</div>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin\">move to sidebar</button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin\">hide</button>\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"bodyContent\" class=\"vector-body\" aria-labelledby=\"firstHeading\" data-mw-ve-target-container>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-body-before-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mw-indicators\">\n\t\t</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"siteSub\" class=\"noprint\">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"contentSub\"><div id=\"mw-content-subtitle\"></div></div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-body-content\"><div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><div class=\"shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux\" style=\"display:none\">French businessman</div>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1257001546\">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class=\"infobox biography vcard\"><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-above\" style=\"font-size:125%;\"><div class=\"fn\">Pascal Rigo</div></th></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Born</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><span style=\"display:none\"> (<span class=\"bday\">1960-09-04</span>) </span>4 September 1960<span class=\"noprint ForceAgeToShow\"> (age 64)</span><br /><div style=\"display:inline\" class=\"birthplace\"><a href=\"/wiki/N%27Djamena\" title=\"N'Djamena\">Fort-Lamy</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Chad\" title=\"Chad\">Chad</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Nationality</th><td class=\"infobox-data category\">French</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Alma mater</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">MACI-BEM.Master in International Trade- CAP Boulanger</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Occupation</th><td class=\"infobox-data role\">Baker. SVP Starbucks</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Known for</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">Owner of The Bay Bread Group and La Boulange</td></tr></tbody></table>\n<p><b>Pascal Rigo</b> (born 4 September 1960) is a French <a href=\"/wiki/Restaurateur\" title=\"Restaurateur\">Restaurateur</a> who owns a small \"empire\"<sup id=\"cite_ref-Walden_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Walden-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> of <a href=\"/wiki/Boulangerie\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Boulangerie\">boulangeries</a>, restaurants, and wholesale and retail bakeries in <a href=\"/wiki/San_Francisco,_California\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"San Francisco, California\">San Francisco</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Mill_Valley,_California\" title=\"Mill Valley, California\">Mill Valley, California</a>, that operate as <b>La Boulangerie de San Francisco</b>, <b>Bay Bread</b>, <b>La Boulange</b>, and (formerly) <b>Cortez</b>, <b>Chez Nous</b>, <b>Gallette</b>, and others.\n</p>\n<meta property=\"mw:PageProp/toc\" />\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Early_life\">Early life</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Pascal_Rigo&action=edit&section=1\" title=\"Edit section: Early life\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>Pascal Rigo was born in <a href=\"/wiki/N%27Djamena\" title=\"N'Djamena\">N'Djamena</a>, formally known as Fort-Lamy. At the age of 7, after running a daily errand to buy two baguettes for his family,<sup id=\"cite_ref-books_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-books-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> Rigo apprenticed at his village's bakery.<sup id=\"cite_ref-bj_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-bj-4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> He later earned a business degree from the <a href=\"/wiki/University_of_Bordeaux\" title=\"University of Bordeaux\">University of Bordeaux</a> and became a certified professional baker. Rigo first moved to California to begin importing local wine from France. He stayed in the U.S. to open a bakery in <a href=\"/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Los Angeles, California\">Los Angeles</a> and later moved to San Francisco.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Bakery\">Bakery</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Pascal_Rigo&action=edit&section=2\" title=\"Edit section: Bakery\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>In 1996, Rigo founded Panissimo Group, which ran the bakery on Pine Street that later became Bay Bread.<sup id=\"cite_ref-bj_4-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-bj-4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> He chose to live and have an office at the central location in a former French laundry on the busy thoroughfare. Rigo also bought and continues to operate San Francisco's oldest <a href=\"/wiki/Flour_mill\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Flour mill\">flour mill</a>, which Bay Bread uses to produce organic flour for its loaves.<sup id=\"cite_ref-bj_4-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-bj-4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> Rigo originally intended to operate his business as a wholesale bakery, but soon began selling loaves and then <a href=\"/wiki/Croissants\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Croissants\">croissants</a> directly to the public. A positive review in the <a href=\"/wiki/San_Francisco_Examiner\" title=\"San Francisco Examiner\">San Francisco Examiner</a> initially popularized the bakery.<sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> Rigo renamed it the \"Boulangerie\" after painting the word on the colorful awning over the sidewalk, and then opened similarly themed dine-in bakeries throughout the city. One, in <a href=\"/wiki/Cole_Valley\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Cole Valley\">Cole Valley</a>, is the site of the former <a href=\"/wiki/Tassajara_Bakery\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Tassajara Bakery\">Tassajara Bakery</a>,<sup id=\"cite_ref-trends_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-trends-6\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>6<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-7\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>7<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> where San Francisco's modern artisan bread movement began.\n</p><p>In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Rigo and his business partners invested in and founded a number of restaurants, including Soleil, Rigolo, Gallette, La Table, Le Petit Robert, Chez Nous, Americano,<sup id=\"cite_ref-books_3-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-books-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>8<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> and Plantanos.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Walden_1-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Walden-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> One of these restaurants, Cortez, earned a <a href=\"/wiki/Michelin_Star\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Michelin Star\">Michelin Star</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-9\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>9<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> In 2001, Rigo and partners bought Oh-La-La, one of San Francisco's oldest coffee house chains.<sup id=\"cite_ref-trends_6-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-trends-6\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>6<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-swallows_10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-swallows-10\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> The group later divested of most of its restaurants to concentrate on its bakeries.<sup id=\"cite_ref-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-11\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-12\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>12<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, they bought a share of Miette, a small chain of candy stores and cupcake bakers.<sup id=\"cite_ref-13\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-13\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>13<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>In addition to its retail operations, the company supplies bread to grocery stores, restaurants, and hotels in the area.<sup id=\"cite_ref-bj_4-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-bj-4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> Some rival food entrepreneurs in San Francisco's small French entrepreneur community have criticized Rigo for his fast expansion efforts.<sup id=\"cite_ref-14\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-14\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>14<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> The <i>New York Times</i> called Rigo \"the only real entrepreneur\" among the community.<sup id=\"cite_ref-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-15\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>15<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> Rigo has intentionally avoided publicity to avoid encouraging a backlash from critics.<sup id=\"cite_ref-bj_4-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-bj-4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>In 2003 Rigo co-wrote a cookbook titled \"<i>The American Boulangerie: Authentic French Pastries and Breads for the Home Kitchen</i>.\"<sup id=\"cite_ref-books_3-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-books-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-16\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-16\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>16<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>On June 4, 2012, Rigo sold La Boulange Bakery to Starbucks for $100 million.<sup id=\"cite_ref-17\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-17\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>17<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> However, in June 2015, Starbucks announced it would close all of its La Boulange cafes by the end of September 2015.<sup id=\"cite_ref-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-18\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>18<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>Later, Rigo announced plans to re-open six of the La Boulange locations under the name \"La Boulangerie de San Francisco.\"<sup id=\"cite_ref-19\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-19\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>19<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"References\">References</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Pascal_Rigo&action=edit&section=3\" title=\"Edit section: References\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1239543626\">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class=\"reflist\">\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\"><ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-Walden-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-Walden_1-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Walden_1-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1238218222\">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"'\"\"'\"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg\")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id=\"CITEREFGraceAnn_Walden2005\" class=\"citation news cs1\">GraceAnn Walden (2005-09-14). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/09/14/FDGN0EKEE71.DTL&hw=pascal+rigo&sn=006&sc=593\">\"Rigo expands his empire\"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rigo+expands+his+empire&rft.date=2005-09-14&rft.au=GraceAnn+Walden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2005%2F09%2F14%2FFDGN0EKEE71.DTL%26hw%3Dpascal%2Brigo%26sn%3D006%26sc%3D593&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFGreg_Hugunin2001\" class=\"citation news cs1\">Greg Hugunin (2001-06-20). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.sfweekly.com/2001-06-20/restaurants/galette/\">\"Galette:Into the Fold\"</a>. SF Weekly.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Galette%3AInto+the+Fold&rft.date=2001-06-20&rft.au=Greg+Hugunin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfweekly.com%2F2001-06-20%2Frestaurants%2Fgalette%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-books-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-books_3-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-books_3-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-books_3-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFKarola_Saekel2003\" class=\"citation news cs1\">Karola Saekel (2003-12-24). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/12/24/FDGJU3QL1R1.DTL&hw=pascal+rigo&sn=002&sc=756\">\"Bread bakers bank on lots of dough:Tips from Bay Area's Rigo and others make baking easy\"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bread+bakers+bank+on+lots+of+dough%3ATips+from+Bay+Area%27s+Rigo+and+others+make+baking+easy&rft.date=2003-12-24&rft.au=Karola+Saekel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2003%2F12%2F24%2FFDGJU3QL1R1.DTL%26hw%3Dpascal%2Brigo%26sn%3D002%26sc%3D756&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-bj-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-bj_4-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-bj_4-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-bj_4-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-bj_4-3\"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-bj_4-4\"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFJulie_Ratner2001\" class=\"citation news cs1\">Julie Ratner (2001-09-14). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/2001/09/17/smallb1.html\">\"Rising profile:Businessman and baker Pascal Rigo is rolling out restaurants across the city\"</a>. San Francisco Business Times.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rising+profile%3ABusinessman+and+baker+Pascal+Rigo+is+rolling+out+restaurants+across+the+city&rft.date=2001-09-14&rft.au=Julie+Ratner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fsanfrancisco%2Fstories%2F2001%2F09%2F17%2Fsmallb1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-5\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20051208051432/http://www.baybread.com/pine.php\">\"Boulangerie at Pine Street\"</a>. Bay Bread. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://baybread.com/pine.php?PHPSESSID=03ca183ed3afc870f6c916ac14bdb369\">the original</a> on 2005-12-08.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boulangerie+at+Pine+Street&rft.pub=Bay+Bread&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbaybread.com%2Fpine.php%3FPHPSESSID%3D03ca183ed3afc870f6c916ac14bdb369&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-trends-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-trends_6-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-trends_6-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFHeidi_Benson2001\" class=\"citation news cs1\">Heidi Benson (2001-09-16). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2001/09/16/CM75661.DTL&hw=pascal+rigo&sn=001&sc=1000\">\"Trendspotting\"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trendspotting&rft.date=2001-09-16&rft.au=Heidi+Benson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2001%2F09%2F16%2FCM75661.DTL%26hw%3Dpascal%2Brigo%26sn%3D001%26sc%3D1000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-7\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20070107080259/http://www.baybread.com/cole.php\">\"Boulange de Cole\"</a>. Bay Bread. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://baybread.com/cole.php?PHPSESSID=03ca183ed3afc870f6c916ac14bdb369\">the original</a> on 2007-01-07.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boulange+de+Cole&rft.pub=Bay+Bread&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbaybread.com%2Fcole.php%3FPHPSESSID%3D03ca183ed3afc870f6c916ac14bdb369&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-8\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation news cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20110716233923/http://sfist.com/2005/06/02/gastronomique_sous_le_soleil_exactement.php\">\"Gastronomique: Sous le Soleil Exactement\"</a>. SFist. 2005-06-02. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://sfist.com/2005/06/02/gastronomique_sous_le_soleil_exactement.php\">the original</a> on 2011-07-16.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gastronomique%3A+Sous+le+Soleil+Exactement&rft.date=2005-06-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsfist.com%2F2005%2F06%2F02%2Fgastronomique_sous_le_soleil_exactement.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-9\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation news cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://archive.today/20130128155817/http://www.latimes.com/features/printedition/food/la-fo-journal24oct24,1,966153.story\">\"New Michelin guide sprinkles stars in Bay Area\"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. 2007-10-24. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.latimes.com/features/printedition/food/la-fo-journal24oct24,1,966153.story\">the original</a> on 2013-01-28.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=New+Michelin+guide+sprinkles+stars+in+Bay+Area&rft.date=2007-10-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Ffeatures%2Fprintedition%2Ffood%2Fla-fo-journal24oct24%2C1%2C966153.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-swallows-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-swallows_10-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFCarol_Emert1999\" class=\"citation news cs1\">Carol Emert (1999-10-03). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/1999/10/13/BU26850.DTL&hw=pascal+rigo&sn=075&sc=719\">\"Breadmaker Rises Up to Swallow Oh-La-La Coffee Chain\"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Breadmaker+Rises+Up+to+Swallow+Oh-La-La+Coffee+Chain&rft.date=1999-10-03&rft.au=Carol+Emert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F1999%2F10%2F13%2FBU26850.DTL%26hw%3Dpascal%2Brigo%26sn%3D075%26sc%3D719&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-11\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation news cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/04/02/FDVKVR0PB.DTL&type=printable\">\"The Inside Scoop: San Francisco's Cortez, Pescheria sold; Perry's closes\"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. 2008-04-02.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Inside+Scoop%3A+San+Francisco%27s+Cortez%2C+Pescheria+sold%3B+Perry%27s+closes&rft.date=2008-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2008%2F04%2F02%2FFDVKVR0PB.DTL%26type%3Dprintable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-12\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation news cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/07/23/FD9M11RHC6.DTL&hw=pascal+rigo&sn=002&sc=350\">\"The Inside Scoop: Gastropub planned for Marina; Ponzu gets a new chef\"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. 2008-07-23.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Inside+Scoop%3A+Gastropub+planned+for+Marina%3B+Ponzu+gets+a+new+chef&rft.date=2008-07-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2008%2F07%2F23%2FFD9M11RHC6.DTL%26hw%3Dpascal%2Brigo%26sn%3D002%26sc%3D350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-13\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation news cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/01/14/FD0P156T0Q.DTL&hw=pascal+rigo&sn=001&sc=291\">\"Manresa's Syhabout eyes Jojo's space\"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. 2009-01-14.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Manresa%27s+Syhabout+eyes+Jojo%27s+space&rft.date=2009-01-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2009%2F01%2F14%2FFD0P156T0Q.DTL%26hw%3Dpascal%2Brigo%26sn%3D001%26sc%3D291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-14\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFGraceAnn_Walden2000\" class=\"citation news cs1\">GraceAnn Walden (2000-11-29). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2000/11/29/FD55094.DTL&hw=pascal+rigo&sn=007&sc=581\">\"Galette to Open in Pacific Heights\"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Galette+to+Open+in+Pacific+Heights&rft.date=2000-11-29&rft.au=GraceAnn+Walden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2000%2F11%2F29%2FFD55094.DTL%26hw%3Dpascal%2Brigo%26sn%3D007%26sc%3D581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-15\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFAmanda_Hesser2002\" class=\"citation news cs1\">Amanda Hesser (2002-12-11). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/11/dining/a-taste-of-san-francisco-fluent-in-french-with-a-west-coast-accent.html?pagewanted=3\">\"A taste of San Francisco: Fluent in French, with a West Coast accent\"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+taste+of+San+Francisco%3A+Fluent+in+French%2C+with+a+West+Coast+accent&rft.date=2002-12-11&rft.au=Amanda+Hesser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F12%2F11%2Fdining%2Fa-taste-of-san-francisco-fluent-in-french-with-a-west-coast-accent.html%3Fpagewanted%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-16\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation news cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20091106140825/http://www.thefoodpaper.com/cookbooks/americanboulangerie.html\">\"The American Boulangerie\"</a>. Gayot. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.thefoodpaper.com/cookbooks/americanboulangerie.html\">the original</a> on 2009-11-06<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+American+Boulangerie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefoodpaper.com%2Fcookbooks%2Famericanboulangerie.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-17\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFLucchesi\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Lucchesi, Paolo. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://insidescoopsf.sfgate.com/blog/2012/06/04/la-boulange-sold-to-starbucks-for-100-million/?tsp=1\">\"La Boulange sold to Starbucks for $100 million\"</a>. <i>Inside Scoop</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">June 4,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inside+Scoop&rft.atitle=La+Boulange+sold+to+Starbucks+for+%24100+million&rft.aulast=Lucchesi&rft.aufirst=Paolo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finsidescoopsf.sfgate.com%2Fblog%2F2012%2F06%2F04%2Fla-boulange-sold-to-starbucks-for-100-million%2F%3Ftsp%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-18\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-18\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation news cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-starbucks-closure-idUSKBN0OX0B420150617\">\"Starbucks to close all La Boulange retail locations\"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 2015-06-17<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2015-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Starbucks+to+close+all+La+Boulange+retail+locations&rft.date=2015-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-starbucks-closure-idUSKBN0OX0B420150617&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-19\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-19\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFSarah_Fritsche2015\" class=\"citation news cs1\">Sarah Fritsche (2015-09-27). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://insidescoopsf.sfgate.com/blog/2015/09/25/pascal-rigos-la-boulange-will-live-again-as-la-boulangerie-de-san-francisco/\">\"La Boulange will live again as La Boulangerie de San Francisco\"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=La+Boulange+will+live+again+as+La+Boulangerie+de+San+Francisco&rft.date=2015-09-27&rft.au=Sarah+Fritsche&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finsidescoopsf.sfgate.com%2Fblog%2F2015%2F09%2F25%2Fpascal-rigos-la-boulange-will-live-again-as-la-boulangerie-de-san-francisco%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n</ol></div></div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"External_links\">External links</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Pascal_Rigo&action=edit&section=4\" title=\"Edit section: External links\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li><span class=\"official-website\"><span class=\"url\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://laboulangebakery.com/\">La Boulange Bakery</a></span></span></li></ul>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1129693374\">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:\": \"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:\" · 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id=\"toc-External_links-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</div>\n\t\t<div class=\"mw-content-container\">\n\t\t\t<main id=\"content\" class=\"mw-body\">\n\t\t\t\t<header class=\"mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Contents\" class=\"vector-toc-landmark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox \" aria-label=\"Toggle the table of contents\" >\n\t<label id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-label\" for=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only \" 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class=\"mw-indicators\">\n\t\t</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"siteSub\" class=\"noprint\">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"contentSub\"><div id=\"mw-content-subtitle\"></div></div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-body-content\"><div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><div class=\"shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux\" style=\"display:none\">Danish outlaw biker and gangster</div>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1257001546\">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class=\"infobox biography vcard\"><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-above\" style=\"font-size:125%;\"><div class=\"fn\">Jim Tinndahn</div></th></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Born</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><div style=\"display:inline\" class=\"nickname\">Jan Leif Tinndahn</div><br /><span style=\"display:none\"> (<span class=\"bday\">1961-12-27</span>) </span>27 December 1961<span class=\"noprint ForceAgeToShow\"> (age 63)</span><br /><div style=\"display:inline\" class=\"birthplace\"><a href=\"/wiki/North_Zealand\" title=\"North Zealand\">North Zealand</a>, Denmark</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Other names</th><td class=\"infobox-data nickname\">\"Big Jim\", \"Solkongen\"</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Occupation(s)</th><td class=\"infobox-data role\"><a href=\"/wiki/Outlaw_biker\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Outlaw biker\">Outlaw biker</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Gangster\" title=\"Gangster\">gangster</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Auto_mechanic\" title=\"Auto mechanic\">auto mechanic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Years active</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">1980–</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Known for</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">President of the <a href=\"/wiki/Bandidos_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Bandidos Motorcycle Club\">Bandidos</a> in Europe and Asia</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Successor</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">Michael Rosenvold</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-full-data\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546\"></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Allegiance</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">666 MC <br /> Morticians MC <br /> Undertakers MC <br /> <a href=\"/wiki/Bandidos_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Bandidos Motorcycle Club\">Bandidos MC</a> (1993–)</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><span class=\"nowrap\"><a href=\"/wiki/Conviction\" title=\"Conviction\">Conviction(s)</a></span></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">Aggravated drunk driving, gross negligence in traffic and grievous bodily harm (2015)</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Criminal penalty</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">9 months' imprisonment (2015)</td></tr><tr style=\"display:none\"><td colspan=\"2\">\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\n<p><b>Jan Leif Tinndahn</b> (born 27 January 1961), also known as \"Big Jim\" and \"<i>Solkongen</i>\" (\"Sun King\"), is a Danish <a href=\"/wiki/Outlaw_biker\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Outlaw biker\">outlaw biker</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Gangster\" title=\"Gangster\">gangster</a> who served as the president of the <a href=\"/wiki/Bandidos_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Bandidos Motorcycle Club\">Bandidos Motorcycle Club</a> in Europe between 1994 and 2012.\n</p>\n<meta property=\"mw:PageProp/toc\" />\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Early_life\">Early life</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Jim_Tinndahn&action=edit&section=1\" title=\"Edit section: Early life\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>The son of factory worker parents, Tinndahn was born in <a href=\"/wiki/North_Zealand\" title=\"North Zealand\">North Zealand</a> and described his childhood as \"an ordinary working class upbringing\". He struggled in school as a result of <a href=\"/wiki/Dyslexia\" title=\"Dyslexia\">dyslexia</a>, and was reportedly quiet and introverted. Tinndahn instead took an interest in <a href=\"/wiki/Moped\" title=\"Moped\">mopeds</a>, and he later trained as a <a href=\"/wiki/Mechanic\" title=\"Mechanic\">mechanic</a>, an occupation from which he was granted early retirement due to spinal <a href=\"/wiki/Arthritis\" title=\"Arthritis\">arthritis</a>. Despite disapproval from his parents, Tinndahn, along with his brother, became involved with <a href=\"/wiki/Outlaw_motorcycle_club\" title=\"Outlaw motorcycle club\">outlaw motorcycle clubs</a> at the age of seventeen, joining and later serving as president of the 666 club. He married and fathered three sons.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Bandidos\">Bandidos</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Jim_Tinndahn&action=edit&section=2\" title=\"Edit section: Bandidos\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>Tinndahn became a member of the <a href=\"/wiki/Zealand\" title=\"Zealand\">Zealand</a>-based Morticians Motorcycle Club, which was initially a <a href=\"/wiki/Support_club\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Support club\">support club</a> of the <a href=\"/wiki/Hells_Angels_Motorcycle_Club\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Hells Angels Motorcycle Club\">Hells Angels</a> before disputes between the clubs led to the Morticians breaking away from the Angels in late 1988.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Issues_in_Global_Crime_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Issues_in_Global_Crime-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> When the Hells Angels began a strategy of suppressing smaller clubs in the early 1990s, the Morticians aligned with other bikers opposed to or rejected by the Angels, merging to form the Undertakers MC.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund_1-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> The Undertakers, of which Tinndahn was president, established two chapters – \"Northland\", based in <a href=\"/wiki/Stenl%C3%B8se,_Denmark\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Stenløse, Denmark\">Stenløse</a>, and \"East Coast\", in <a href=\"/wiki/H%C3%B8rsholm\" title=\"Hørsholm\">Hørsholm</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Issues_in_Global_Crime_2-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Issues_in_Global_Crime-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> Seeking protection from the Hells Angels by joining a larger international club, Tinndahn and the Undertakers contacted <a href=\"/wiki/Bandidos_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Bandidos Motorcycle Club\">Bandidos</a> leaders in the United States and France in 1992. After serving as prospective members for a time, the Undertakers \"patched over\" to join the Bandidos on 17 December 1993.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Issues_in_Global_Crime_2-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Issues_in_Global_Crime-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> The Hells Angels permitted the Bandidos' expansion into Scandinavia on the condition that they confine themselves to their two original chapters in Denmark. As leader of the Bandidos, Tinndahn had no intention of adhering to the Hells Angels' protocol, and his club made the Morbids MC across the <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%98resund_Strait\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Øresund Strait\">Øresund Strait</a> in <a href=\"/wiki/Helsingborg\" title=\"Helsingborg\">Helsingborg</a> a probationary chapter in January 1994. The Bandidos' amalgamation of the Morbids infuriated the <a href=\"/wiki/Malm%C3%B6\" title=\"Malmö\">Malmö</a> Hells Angels chapter, who declared war on the Helsingborg club.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a458–459_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a458–459-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>The events in <a href=\"/wiki/Scania\" title=\"Scania\">Scania</a> led to the outbreak of the <a href=\"/wiki/Nordic_Biker_War\" title=\"Nordic Biker War\">Nordic Biker War</a>. As violence escalated, leaders of the Bandidos and the Hells Angels in the U.S. attempted to bring an end to the conflict diplomatically. The Bandidos' \"mother chapter\" in <a href=\"/wiki/Houston\" title=\"Houston\">Houston</a> was unable to control its probate chapter in Helsingborg, however, as Tinndahn continued to support the Morbids' retaliation against the Angels.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a460–461_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a460–461-4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> He was appointed as the Bandidos' European president,<sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> and transferred from the Stenløse-based Northland chapter to the Helsingborg chapter in June 1995.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Englenes_gerninger_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Englenes_gerninger-6\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>6<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> Tinndahn received the sobriquet \"<i>Solkongen</i>\" (\"Sun King\") from his fellow Bandidos members in reference to King <a href=\"/wiki/Louis_XIV\" title=\"Louis XIV\">Louis XIV</a> of France, who ruled under a system of <a href=\"/wiki/Absolute_monarchy\" title=\"Absolute monarchy\">absolute monarchy</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund_1-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> He selected <a href=\"/wiki/Claus_Bork_Hansen\" title=\"Claus Bork Hansen\">Claus Bork Hansen</a> as his personal bodyguard.<sup id=\"cite_ref-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-7\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>7<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> The conflict steadily worsened after the Northland chapter became the Bandidos' European headquarters in August 1995.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Hells_Angels_Vs._Bandidos_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Hells_Angels_Vs._Bandidos-8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>8<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> By the summer of 1997, hostilities between the Bandidos and the Hells Angels had effectively came to an end as the conflict was producing no clear victor, and the bikers' businesses were being negatively effected.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a466_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a466-9\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>9<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> Tinndahn was among the initiators of the mediation process that led to the end of the war.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund_1-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> On 25 September 1997, he and Hells Angels president <a href=\"/wiki/Bent_Svane_Nielsen\" title=\"Bent Svane Nielsen\">Bent \"Blondie\" Svane Nielsen</a> held a live televised press conference and announced an end to the biker war.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Danish_bikers_call_truce_in_deadly_feud_10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Danish_bikers_call_truce_in_deadly_feud-10\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> Although not disclosed to the public, Tinndahn and Nielsen had signed a <a href=\"/wiki/Peace_treaty\" title=\"Peace treaty\">peace treaty</a> designating each club's territory, right down to individual bars, cafés and nightclubs.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a466–467_11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a466–467-11\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> During and after the biker war, the eloquent Tinndahn became a figure in the Danish media, participating in television interviews and debates with civic groups campaigning for the removal of motorcycle clubs from the local community.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund_1-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Polisens_nya_maktteori_om_Bandidosledaren_12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Polisens_nya_maktteori_om_Bandidosledaren-12\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>12<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> In June 2010, he announced that the peace treaty between the Bandidos and the Hells Angels had collapsed, partly because the Angels had breached terms of the agreement by admitting six Bandidos members.<sup id=\"cite_ref-13\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-13\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>13<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>Tinndahn was arrested and charged with aggravated theft after police raided the Helsingborg Bandidos chapter clubhouse, where he resided, on 29 October 2008. The raid involved between fifteen and twenty police officers and the use of a <a href=\"/wiki/Plasan_SandCat\" title=\"Plasan SandCat\">Plasan SandCat</a> armoured car. Tinndahn was suspected in the theft of three racing motorcycles, worth a combined <a href=\"/wiki/Swedish_krona\" title=\"Swedish krona\">SEK</a>600,000, which were stolen from a racing track garage in <a href=\"/wiki/Falkenberg\" title=\"Falkenberg\">Falkenberg</a> on 19 September.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Bandidos_president_begärd_häktad_i_mc-härva_14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Bandidos_president_begärd_häktad_i_mc-härva-14\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>14<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> He was implicated in the investigation as a result of a police <a href=\"/wiki/Wiretap\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Wiretap\">wiretap</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Bandidospresidenten_Jim_Tinndahn_åtalas_15-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Bandidospresidenten_Jim_Tinndahn_åtalas-15\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>15<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> According to prosecutors, Tinndahn played a leading role in the handling of the motorcycles by having them transported to Helsingborg. He denied the allegations, claiming that he was attempting to have the motorcycles returned to their owner.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Glad_Bandidos-boss_løsladt_16-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Glad_Bandidos-boss_løsladt-16\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>16<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> On 2 December 2008, Tinndahn was acquitted of the charges.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Dansk_top-rocker_frikendt_17-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Dansk_top-rocker_frikendt-17\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>17<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Bandidos-boss_frikendt_i_Sverige_18-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Bandidos-boss_frikendt_i_Sverige-18\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>18<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>As leader of the Bandidos in Europe and Asia, Tinndahn ruled over a faction of 1,600 bikers and was among the three most powerful members of the club, along with the presidents in the U.S. and Australia. In 2011, the international Bandidos organization splintered, with the club's <a href=\"/wiki/Western_Hemisphere\" title=\"Western Hemisphere\">Western Hemisphere</a> chapters breaking away from the <a href=\"/wiki/Eastern_Hemisphere\" title=\"Eastern Hemisphere\">Eastern Hemisphere</a> branches. During his eighteen-year tenure as president, Tinndahn oversaw the opening of 130 club chapters. He stepped down from the role in June 2012, and was succeeded by his former vice-president, Michael \"Kokken\" Rosenvold.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Tinndahn_går_af_som_præsident_for_Bandidos_i_Europa_19-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Tinndahn_går_af_som_præsident_for_Bandidos_i_Europa-19\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>19<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>At approximately 2:00 am on 7 October 2012, Tinndahn crashed his <a href=\"/wiki/Audi_Q7\" title=\"Audi Q7\">Audi Q7</a> near Malmö's <a href=\"/wiki/Emporia_(shopping_mall)\" title=\"Emporia (shopping mall)\">Emporia</a> shopping mall while returning to Helsingborg from a Bandidos party in the Malmö suburb of <a href=\"/wiki/Bunkeflostrand\" title=\"Bunkeflostrand\">Bunkeflostrand</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Tidligere_rockerpræsident_forsvundet_20-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Tidligere_rockerpræsident_forsvundet-20\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>20<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> While Tinndahn escaped with minor injuries, his passenger, fellow Bandidos member Carlos Åkesson, suffered brain damage and remained in a coma until his death on 18 December 2014 as a result of cardiac arrest. Tinndahn was questioned by police after the incident, although he was not initially charged with a crime despite a blood test showing traces of <a href=\"/wiki/Benzoylecgonine\" title=\"Benzoylecgonine\">benzoylecgonine</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol\" title=\"Tetrahydrocannabinol\">tetrahydrocannabinol</a> in his system. Following Åkesson's death, Tinndahn initially did not comply with a police summons for further questioning, and it was suspected that he may have fled the country as he had reportedly been missing since June 2014.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Rockerboss_spurlos_verschwunden:_Wo_steckt_„Mr._Bandidos“?_21-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Rockerboss_spurlos_verschwunden:_Wo_steckt_„Mr._Bandidos“?-21\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>21<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> He ultimately contacted police in February 2015, at which time he was formally indicted.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Nu_åtalas_Bandidos_tidigare_president_22-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Nu_åtalas_Bandidos_tidigare_president-22\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>22<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> On 28 December 2015, Tinndahn was convicted of aggravated drunk driving, gross negligence in traffic and grievous bodily harm at <a href=\"/wiki/Malm%C3%B6_District_Court\" title=\"Malmö District Court\">Malmö District Court</a> and sentenced to nine months in prison.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Bandidos_ex-president_döms_efter_kraschen_23-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Bandidos_ex-president_döms_efter_kraschen-23\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>23<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> This was his first custodial sentence despite previous convictions for possession of stolen goods, illegal gun possession and traffic violations.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund_1-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> In July 2016, the <a href=\"/wiki/Scania_and_Blekinge_Court_of_Appeal\" title=\"Scania and Blekinge Court of Appeal\">Scania and Blekinge Court of Appeal</a> dismissed the charges of aggravated drunk driving and gross reckless driving, and reduced Tinndahn's sentence to probation and a fine of SEK5,000.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Bandidos-bossen_blir_friad_från_dödsolycka_24-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Bandidos-bossen_blir_friad_från_dödsolycka-24\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>24<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>Tinndahn has kept a significantly lower profile since resigning as Bandidos president and he reportedly moved back to Denmark after residing in Helsingborg for several years. In August 2020, he made a rare public appearance at a Bandidos \"show of force\" event in <a href=\"/wiki/N%C3%A6stved\" title=\"Næstved\">Næstved</a> at a time when the club was involved in a conflict with <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Satudarah_Motorcycle_Club&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Satudarah Motorcycle Club (page does not exist)\">Satudarah</a> on Zealand.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Polisens_nya_maktteori_om_Bandidosledaren_12-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Polisens_nya_maktteori_om_Bandidosledaren-12\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>12<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"References\">References</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Jim_Tinndahn&action=edit&section=3\" title=\"Edit section: References\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1239543626\">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class=\"reflist\">\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\"><ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund_1-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund_1-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund_1-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund_1-3\"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund_1-4\"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund_1-5\"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://faktalink.dk/titelliste/roce\">Rockere - historisk baggrund</a> Carsten Fenger-Grøn and Malene Grøndahl, faktalink.dk (2002) <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220420185755/https://faktalink.dk/titelliste/roce\">Archived</a> 20 April 2022 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Issues_in_Global_Crime-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-Issues_in_Global_Crime_2-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Issues_in_Global_Crime_2-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Issues_in_Global_Crime_2-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=zxUyHShvl0gC&dq=bandidos+denmark+murder&pg=PA78\"><i>Issues in Global Crime</i></a> <a href=\"/wiki/Diplomatic_Security_Service\" title=\"Diplomatic Security Service\">Diplomatic Security Service</a> (1998) <style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1238218222\">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"'\"\"'\"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg\")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220430213037/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zxUyHShvl0gC&pg=PA78&lpg=PA78&dq=bandidos+denmark+murder&source=bl&ots=ItfOXzTdyj&sig=ACfU3U29MaRm0TKvwiI9kXbt2-3YgGX8_g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjunqnp6qHlAhXjnVwKHWzwDQM4ChDoATAHegQICBAB\">\"Issues in Global Crime\"</a>. 1998. Archived from the original on 30 April 2022<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">29 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Issues+in+Global+Crime&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzxUyHShvl0gC%26dq%3Dbandidos%2Bdenmark%2Bmurder%26pg%3DPA78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJim+Tinndahn\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><span class=\"cs1-maint citation-comment\"><code class=\"cs1-code\">{{<a href=\"/wiki/Template:Cite_web\" title=\"Template:Cite web\">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href=\"/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown\" title=\"Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown\">link</a>)</span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a458–459-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a458–459_3-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"#CITEREFVeno2007a\">Veno 2007a</a>, pp. 458–459.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a460–461-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a460–461_4-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"#CITEREFVeno2007a\">Veno 2007a</a>, pp. 460–461.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-5\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Stefan Schubert, <i><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=2JVErU9Cwp4C&dq=%22Jim+Tinndahn%22&pg=PT55\">Wie die Hells Angels Deutschlands Unterwelt eroberten</a></i>, ISBN 978-3-86413-2-278, <a href=\"/wiki/Riva_Verlag\" title=\"Riva Verlag\">Riva Verlag</a>, 2012</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Englenes_gerninger-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-Englenes_gerninger_6-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=Cq5jDgAAQBAJ&dq=hells+angels+copenhagen+1980+unionen&pg=PT57\"><i>Englenes gerninger</i></a> Ambro Kragh (2017)</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-7\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.berlingske.dk/samfund/ikke-bare-en-drabssag\">Ikke bare en drabssag</a> Anders Damgaard, <i><a href=\"/wiki/Berlingske\" title=\"Berlingske\">Berlingske</a></i> (24 February 2002) <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220424205238/https://www.berlingske.dk/samfund/ikke-bare-en-drabssag\">Archived</a> 24 April 2022 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Hells_Angels_Vs._Bandidos-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-Hells_Angels_Vs._Bandidos_8-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://apnews.com/cb20affb485b390c807663b7f59841bb\">Hells Angels Vs. Bandidos: Bloody Battles on Nordic Streets</a> Doug Mellgren, <a href=\"/wiki/Associated_Press\" title=\"Associated Press\">Associated Press</a> (July 31, 1996) <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220424164538/https://apnews.com/article/cb20affb485b390c807663b7f59841bb\">\"Archived copy\"</a>. <i><a href=\"/wiki/Associated_Press\" title=\"Associated Press\">Associated Press</a></i>. Archived from the original on April 24, 2022<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">April 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fcb20affb485b390c807663b7f59841bb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJim+Tinndahn\" class=\"Z3988\"></span><span class=\"cs1-maint citation-comment\"><code class=\"cs1-code\">{{<a href=\"/wiki/Template:Cite_web\" title=\"Template:Cite web\">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href=\"/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title\" title=\"Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title\">link</a>) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href=\"/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown\" title=\"Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown\">link</a>)</span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a466-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a466_9-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"#CITEREFVeno2007a\">Veno 2007a</a>, pp. 466.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Danish_bikers_call_truce_in_deadly_feud-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-Danish_bikers_call_truce_in_deadly_feud_10-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.independent.co.uk/news/danish-bikers-call-truce-in-deadly-feud-1241207.html\">Danish bikers call truce in deadly feud</a> <i><a href=\"/wiki/The_Independent\" title=\"The Independent\">The Independent</a></i> (25 September 1997) <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220425161309/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/danish-bikers-call-truce-in-deadly-feud-1241207.html\">Archived</a> 25 April 2022 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a466–467-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a466–467_11-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"#CITEREFVeno2007a\">Veno 2007a</a>, pp. 466–467.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Polisens_nya_maktteori_om_Bandidosledaren-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-Polisens_nya_maktteori_om_Bandidosledaren_12-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Polisens_nya_maktteori_om_Bandidosledaren_12-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/krim/polisens-nya-maktteori-om-bandidosledaren/\">Polisens nya maktteori om Bandidosledaren</a> Jakob Kjelldén, <i><a href=\"/wiki/Kv%C3%A4llsposten\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Kvällsposten\">Kvällsposten</a></i> (25 August 2020) <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220425190234/https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/krim/polisens-nya-maktteori-om-bandidosledaren/\">Archived</a> 25 April 2022 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-13\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://politiken.dk/indland/art4963613/Bandidos-pr%C3%A6sident-rev-personligt-fredsaftale-i-stykker\">Bandidos-præsident rev personligt fredsaftale i stykker</a> Frank Hvilsom, <i><a href=\"/wiki/Politiken\" title=\"Politiken\">Politiken</a></i> (14 June 2010) <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220430214426/https://politiken.dk/indland/art4963613/Bandidos-pr%C3%A6sident-rev-personligt-fredsaftale-i-stykker\">Archived</a> 30 April 2022 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Bandidos_president_begärd_häktad_i_mc-härva-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-Bandidos_president_begärd_häktad_i_mc-härva_14-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/bandidos-president-begard-haktad-i-mc-harva/\">Bandidos president begärd häktad i mc-härva</a> Lars-Olof Strömberg, <i><a href=\"/wiki/Kv%C3%A4llsposten\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Kvällsposten\">Kvällsposten</a></i> (30 October 2008) <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220425155802/https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/bandidos-president-begard-haktad-i-mc-harva/\">Archived</a> 25 April 2022 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Bandidospresidenten_Jim_Tinndahn_åtalas-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-Bandidospresidenten_Jim_Tinndahn_åtalas_15-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/bandidospresidenten-jim-tinndahn-atalas/\">Bandidospresidenten Jim Tinndahn åtalas</a> David Baas, <i><a href=\"/wiki/Expressen\" title=\"Expressen\">Expressen</a></i> (15 November 2008) <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220426171056/https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/bandidospresidenten-jim-tinndahn-atalas/\">Archived</a> 26 April 2022 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Glad_Bandidos-boss_løsladt-16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-Glad_Bandidos-boss_løsladt_16-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://ekstrabladet.dk/krimi/article4302206.ece\">Glad Bandidos-boss løsladt</a> Sune Fischer and Mette Fleckner, <i><a href=\"/wiki/Ekstra_Bladet\" title=\"Ekstra Bladet\">Ekstra Bladet</a></i> (19 November 2008) <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220426170817/https://ekstrabladet.dk/krimi/article4302206.ece\">Archived</a> 26 April 2022 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Dansk_top-rocker_frikendt-17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-Dansk_top-rocker_frikendt_17-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.berlingske.dk/samfund/dansk-top-rocker-frikendt\">Dansk top-rocker frikendt</a> <i><a href=\"/wiki/Berlingske\" title=\"Berlingske\">Berlingske</a></i> (2 December 2008) <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220426201008/https://www.berlingske.dk/samfund/dansk-top-rocker-frikendt\">Archived</a> 26 April 2022 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Bandidos-boss_frikendt_i_Sverige-18\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-Bandidos-boss_frikendt_i_Sverige_18-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://nyheder.tv2.dk/krimi/2008-12-02-bandidosboss-frikendt-i-sverige\">Bandidos-boss frikendt i Sverige</a> <a href=\"/wiki/TV_2_(Denmark)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"TV 2 (Denmark)\">TV 2</a> (2 December 2008) <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220426201346/https://nyheder.tv2.dk/krimi/2008-12-02-bandidosboss-frikendt-i-sverige\">Archived</a> 26 April 2022 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Tinndahn_går_af_som_præsident_for_Bandidos_i_Europa-19\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-Tinndahn_går_af_som_præsident_for_Bandidos_i_Europa_19-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://ekstrabladet.dk/krimi/article4029104.ece?ilc=c\">Tinndahn går af som præsident for Bandidos i Europa</a> (7 June 2012) Annelise Pedersen, <i><a href=\"/wiki/Ekstra_Bladet\" title=\"Ekstra Bladet\">Ekstra Bladet</a></i> (8 June 2012) <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220425190712/https://ekstrabladet.dk/krimi/article4029104.ece\">Archived</a> 25 April 2022 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Tidligere_rockerpræsident_forsvundet-20\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-Tidligere_rockerpræsident_forsvundet_20-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://localeyes.dk/a06748-3526-tidligere-rockerpraesident-forsvundet/\">Tidligere rockerpræsident forsvundet</a> localeyes.dk (24 January 2015) <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220425160632/https://localeyes.dk/a06748-3526-tidligere-rockerpraesident-forsvundet/\">Archived</a> 25 April 2022 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Rockerboss_spurlos_verschwunden:_Wo_steckt_„Mr._Bandidos“?-21\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-Rockerboss_spurlos_verschwunden:_Wo_steckt_„Mr._Bandidos“?_21-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.bild.de/news/ausland/bandidos/ex-europa-chef-jim-tinndahn-seit-letztem-jahr-verschwunden-39504574.bild.html\">Rockerboss spurlos verschwunden: Wo steckt „Mr. Bandidos“?</a> Ingrid Raagaard, <i><a href=\"/wiki/Bild\" title=\"Bild\">Bild</a></i> (27 January 2015) <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220425160921/https://www.bild.de/news/ausland/bandidos/ex-europa-chef-jim-tinndahn-seit-letztem-jahr-verschwunden-39504574.bild.html\">Archived</a> 25 April 2022 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Nu_åtalas_Bandidos_tidigare_president-22\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-Nu_åtalas_Bandidos_tidigare_president_22-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/nu-atalas-bandidos-tidigare-president/\">Nu åtalas Bandidos tidigare president</a> Maria Rydhagen and Lars-Olof Strömberg, <i><a href=\"/wiki/Kv%C3%A4llsposten\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Kvällsposten\">Kvällsposten</a></i> (30 October 2015) <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220425162050/https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/nu-atalas-bandidos-tidigare-president/\">Archived</a> 25 April 2022 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Bandidos_ex-president_döms_efter_kraschen-23\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-Bandidos_ex-president_döms_efter_kraschen_23-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/bandidos-ex-president-doms-efter-kraschen/\">Bandidos ex-president döms efter kraschen</a> Claes Carlson, <i><a href=\"/wiki/Kv%C3%A4llsposten\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Kvällsposten\">Kvällsposten</a></i> (28 December 2015) <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220429154612/https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/bandidos-ex-president-doms-efter-kraschen/\">Archived</a> 29 April 2022 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Bandidos-bossen_blir_friad_från_dödsolycka-24\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-Bandidos-bossen_blir_friad_från_dödsolycka_24-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/bandidos-bossen-blir-friad-fran-dodsolycka/\">Bandidos-bossen blir friad från dödsolycka</a> Magnus Anderson, <i><a href=\"/wiki/Kv%C3%A4llsposten\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Kvällsposten\">Kvällsposten</a></i> (7 July 2016) <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220429162606/https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/bandidos-bossen-blir-friad-fran-dodsolycka/\">Archived</a> 29 April 2022 at the <a href=\"/wiki/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine</a></span>\n</li>\n</ol></div></div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Further_reading\">Further reading</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Jim_Tinndahn&action=edit&section=4\" title=\"Edit section: Further reading\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFVeno2007a\" class=\"citation cs2\">Veno, Arthur (2007), <i>The Mammoth Book of Bikers</i>, <a href=\"/wiki/Avalon_Publishing_Group\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Avalon Publishing Group\">Avalon Publishing Group</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a> <a href=\"/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786720460\" title=\"Special:BookSources/9780786720460\"><bdi>9780786720460</bdi></a></cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mammoth+Book+of+Bikers&rft.pub=Avalon+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780786720460&rft.aulast=Veno&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJim+Tinndahn\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"External_links\">External links</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Jim_Tinndahn&action=edit&section=5\" title=\"Edit section: External links\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1408110/\">Jim Tinndahn</a> at <a href=\"/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"IMDb (identifier)\">IMDb</a></li></ul>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1129693374\">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:\": \"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Bandidos_Motorcycle_Club\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"background: gold; color: #C00000; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #d32a31, inset -2px -2px 0 #d32a31;\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1239400231\">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:\"[ \"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:\" ]\"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template:Bandidos_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Template:Bandidos Motorcycle Club\"><abbr title=\"View this template\" style=\"color: #C00000\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template_talk:Bandidos_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Template talk:Bandidos Motorcycle Club\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\" style=\"color: #C00000\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bandidos_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Special:EditPage/Template:Bandidos Motorcycle Club\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\" style=\"color: #C00000\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Bandidos_Motorcycle_Club\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a href=\"/wiki/Bandidos_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Bandidos Motorcycle Club\"><span class=\"tmpl-colored-link\" style=\"color: #C00000; text-decoration: inherit;\">Bandidos Motorcycle Club</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"background: gold; color: #C00000; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #d32a31, inset -2px -2px 0 #d32a31;;width:1%\">Members</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Marcello_Aravena\" title=\"Marcello Aravena\">Marcello Aravena</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Colin_%22Caesar%22_Campbell\" title=\"Colin "Caesar" Campbell\">Colin \"Caesar\" Campbell</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Donald_Eugene_Chambers\" title=\"Donald Eugene Chambers\">Donald Chambers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rudi_Heinz_Elten\" title=\"Rudi Heinz Elten\">Rudi Heinz Elten</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jamie_Flanz\" title=\"Jamie Flanz\">Jamie Flanz</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Brett_Gardiner\" title=\"Brett Gardiner\">Brett Gardiner</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/M.H._(police_informer)\" title=\"M.H. (police informer)\">M.H.</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Claus_Bork_Hansen\" title=\"Claus Bork Hansen\">Claus Bork Hansen</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lars_Harnes\" title=\"Lars Harnes\">Lars Harnes</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Marko_Hirsma\" title=\"Marko Hirsma\">Marko Hirsma</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jan_Krogh_Jensen\" title=\"Jan Krogh Jensen\">Jan Krogh Jensen</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/George_Jessome\" title=\"George Jessome\">George Jessome</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Wayne_Kellestine\" title=\"Wayne Kellestine\">Wayne Kellestine</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/George_Kriarakis\" title=\"George Kriarakis\">George Kriarakis</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mickey_Borgfjord_Larsen\" title=\"Mickey Borgfjord Larsen\">Mickey Borgfjord Larsen</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Frank_Lenti\" title=\"Frank Lenti\">Frank Lenti</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Michael_Ljunggren\" title=\"Michael Ljunggren\">Michael Ljunggren</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Frank_Mather_(biker)\" title=\"Frank Mather (biker)\">Frank Mather</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Philip_McElwaine\" title=\"Philip McElwaine\">Philip McElwaine</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Giovanni_Muscedere\" title=\"Giovanni Muscedere\">Giovanni Muscedere</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dwight_Mushey\" title=\"Dwight Mushey\">Dwight Mushey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Michael_Sandham\" title=\"Michael Sandham\">Michael Sandham</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Anthony_Mark_Spencer\" title=\"Anthony Mark Spencer\">Anthony Spencer</a></li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Jim Tinndahn</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Edward_Winterhalder\" title=\"Edward Winterhalder\">Edward Winterhalder</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"background: gold; color: #C00000; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #d32a31, inset -2px -2px 0 #d32a31;;width:1%\">Events</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Careaga_family_murders\" title=\"Careaga family murders\">Careaga family murders</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Milperra_massacre\" title=\"Milperra massacre\">Milperra massacre</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nordic_Biker_War\" title=\"Nordic Biker War\">Nordic Biker War</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/1996_Copenhagen_Airport_shooting\" title=\"1996 Copenhagen Airport shooting\">Copenhagen Airport shooting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/1996_Copenhagen_rocket_attack\" title=\"1996 Copenhagen rocket attack\">Copenhagen rocket attack</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/1997_Drammen_bombing\" title=\"1997 Drammen bombing\">Drammen bombing</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Quebec_Biker_War\" title=\"Quebec Biker War\">Quebec Biker War</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Shedden_massacre\" title=\"Shedden massacre\">Shedden massacre</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/2015_Waco_shootout\" title=\"2015 Waco shootout\">Waco shootout</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"background: gold; color: #C00000; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #d32a31, inset -2px -2px 0 #d32a31;;width:1%\">Support clubs</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Chicanos_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Chicanos Motorcycle Club\">Chicanos</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Diablos_Motorcycle_Club_(founded_1999)\" title=\"Diablos Motorcycle Club (founded 1999)\">Diablos</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/X-Team\" title=\"X-Team\">X-Team</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"background: gold; color: #C00000; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #d32a31, inset -2px -2px 0 #d32a31;;width:1%\">Media</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Bikie_Wars:_Brothers_in_Arms\" title=\"Bikie Wars: Brothers in Arms\">Bikie Wars: Brothers in Arms</a></i></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"background: gold; color: #C00000; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #d32a31, inset -2px -2px 0 #d32a31;;width:1%\">Other</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Bandidos_MC_criminal_allegations_and_incidents\" title=\"Bandidos MC criminal allegations and incidents\">Criminal allegations and incidents</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Bandidos_MC_criminal_allegations_and_incidents_in_Australia\" title=\"Bandidos MC criminal allegations and incidents in Australia\">in Australia</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bandidos_MC_criminal_allegations_and_incidents_in_Denmark\" title=\"Bandidos MC criminal allegations and incidents in Denmark\">in Denmark</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bandidos_MC_criminal_allegations_and_incidents_in_the_United_States\" title=\"Bandidos MC criminal allegations and incidents in the United States\">in the United States</a></li></ul></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235\"></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Outlaw_motorcycle_clubs\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231\"><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template:OutlawMotorcycleGroups\" title=\"Template:OutlawMotorcycleGroups\"><abbr title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template_talk:OutlawMotorcycleGroups\" title=\"Template talk:OutlawMotorcycleGroups\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:OutlawMotorcycleGroups\" title=\"Special:EditPage/Template:OutlawMotorcycleGroups\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Outlaw_motorcycle_clubs\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a href=\"/wiki/Outlaw_motorcycle_club\" title=\"Outlaw motorcycle club\">Outlaw motorcycle clubs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_outlaw_motorcycle_clubs\" title=\"List of outlaw motorcycle clubs\">Clubs</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Annihilators_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Annihilators Motorcycle Club\">Annihilators</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bacchus_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Bacchus Motorcycle Club\">Bacchus</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bandidos_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Bandidos Motorcycle Club\">Bandidos</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Black_Diamond_Riders_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Black Diamond Riders Motorcycle Club\">Black Diamond Riders</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Black_Pistons_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Black Pistons Motorcycle Club\">Black Pistons</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Black_Uhlans_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Black Uhlans Motorcycle Club\">Black Uhlans</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Blue_Angels_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Blue Angels Motorcycle Club\">Blue Angels</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Breed_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Breed Motorcycle Club\">Breed</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Brother_Speed_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Brother Speed Motorcycle Club\">Brother Speed</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bullshit_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Bullshit Motorcycle Club\">Bullshit</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Cannonball_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Cannonball Motorcycle Club\">Cannonball</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Chicanos_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Chicanos Motorcycle Club\">Chicanos</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Chosen_Few_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Chosen Few Motorcycle Club\">Chosen Few</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Club_Deroes_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Club Deroes Motorcycle Club\">Club Deroes</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Coffin_Cheaters\" title=\"Coffin Cheaters\">Coffin Cheaters</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Comanchero_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Comanchero Motorcycle Club\">Comanchero</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Cossacks_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Cossacks Motorcycle Club\">Cossacks</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Devils_Diciples_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Devils Diciples Motorcycle Club\">Devils Diciples</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Devil%27s_Disciples_Motorcycle_Club_(Canada)\" title=\"Devil's Disciples Motorcycle Club (Canada)\">Devil's Disciples (Canada)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Diablos_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Diablos Motorcycle Club\">Diablos</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Diablos_Motorcycle_Club_(founded_1999)\" title=\"Diablos Motorcycle Club (founded 1999)\">Diablos (1999)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dirty_Dozen_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Dirty Dozen Motorcycle Club\">Dirty Dozen</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/East_Bay_Dragons\" title=\"East Bay Dragons\">East Bay Dragons</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/El_Forastero_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"El Forastero Motorcycle Club\">El Forastero</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Finks_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Finks Motorcycle Club\">Finks</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Free_Souls_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Free Souls Motorcycle Club\">Free Souls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Galloping_Goose_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Galloping Goose Motorcycle Club\">Galloping Goose</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gate_Keepers_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Gate Keepers Motorcycle Club\">Gate Keepers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gitans_Moto_Club\" title=\"Gitans Moto Club\">Gitans</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gremium_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Gremium Motorcycle Club\">Gremium</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Grim_Reapers_Motorcycle_Club_(Canada)\" title=\"Grim Reapers Motorcycle Club (Canada)\">Grim Reapers (Canada)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Grim_Reapers_Motorcycle_Club_(USA)\" title=\"Grim Reapers Motorcycle Club (USA)\">Grim Reapers (USA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gypsy_Joker_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Gypsy Joker Motorcycle Club\">Gypsy Jokers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Head_Hunters_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Head Hunters Motorcycle Club\">Head Hunters</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Hells_Angels\" title=\"Hells Angels\">Hells Angels</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Hell%27s_Lovers_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Hell's Lovers Motorcycle Club\">Hell's Lovers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Hessians_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Hessians Motorcycle Club\">Hessians</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Highway_61_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Highway 61 Motorcycle Club\">Highway 61</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Highwaymen_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Highwaymen Motorcycle Club\">Highwaymen</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Iron_Horsemen_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Iron Horsemen Motorcycle Club\">Iron Horsemen</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Kinfolk_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Kinfolk Motorcycle Club\">Kinfolk</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Kings_Crew_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Kings Crew Motorcycle Club\">Kings Crew</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lone_Legion_Brotherhood\" title=\"Lone Legion Brotherhood\">Lone Legion Brotherhood</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Loners_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Loners Motorcycle Club\">Loners</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lost_Breed_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Lost Breed Motorcycle Club\">Lost Breed</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Market_Street_Commandos\" title=\"Market Street Commandos\">Market Street Commandos</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mobshitters\" title=\"Mobshitters\">Mobshitters</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mongols_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Mongols Motorcycle Club\">Mongols</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Night_Wolves\" title=\"Night Wolves\">Night Wolves</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/No_Surrender_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"No Surrender Motorcycle Club\">No Surrender</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nomads_Motorcycle_Club_(Australia)\" title=\"Nomads Motorcycle Club (Australia)\">Nomads</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Notorious_Motorcycle_Club_(Australia)\" title=\"Notorious Motorcycle Club (Australia)\">Notorious (Australia)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Notorious_Motorcycle_Club_(Germany)\" title=\"Notorious Motorcycle Club (Germany)\">Notorious (Germany)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Original_Red_Devils_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Original Red Devils Motorcycle Club\">Original Red Devils</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Outlaws_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Outlaws Motorcycle Club\">Outlaws</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pagan%27s_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Pagan's Motorcycle Club\">Pagans</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pissed_Off_Bastards_of_Bloomington\" title=\"Pissed Off Bastards of Bloomington\">Pissed off Bastards</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Popeye_Moto_Club\" title=\"Popeye Moto Club\">Popeyes</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rebels_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Rebels Motorcycle Club\">Rebels</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rebels_Motorcycle_Club_(Canada)\" title=\"Rebels Motorcycle Club (Canada)\">Rebels (Canada)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Red_Devils_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Red Devils Motorcycle Club\">Red Devils</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Road_Knights_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Road Knights Motorcycle Club\">Road Knights</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Road_Rats_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Road Rats Motorcycle Club\">Road Rats</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Road_Runners_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Road Runners Motorcycle Club\">Road Runners</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rock_Machine_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Rock Machine Motorcycle Club\">Rock Machine</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rockers_Motor_Club\" title=\"Rockers Motor Club\">Rockers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sadistic_Souls_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Sadistic Souls Motorcycle Club\">Sadistic Souls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Satan%27s_Choice_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Satan's Choice Motorcycle Club\">Satan's Choice</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Satans_Slaves_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Satans Slaves Motorcycle Club\">Satans Slaves</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Satudarah\" title=\"Satudarah\">Satudarah</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sin_City_Deciples_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Sin City Deciples Motorcycle Club\">Sin City Deciples</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Solo_Angeles\" title=\"Solo Angeles\">Solo Angeles</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sons_of_Satan_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Sons of Satan Motorcycle Club\">Sons of Satan</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sons_of_Silence\" title=\"Sons of Silence\">Sons of Silence</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Tribesmen_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Tribesmen Motorcycle Club\">Tribesmen</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Trust_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Trust Motorcycle Club\">Trust</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Vagos_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Vagos Motorcycle Club\">Vagos</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Vendettas_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Vendettas Motorcycle Club\">Vendettas</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Warlocks_Motorcycle_Club_(Florida)\" title=\"Warlocks Motorcycle Club (Florida)\">Warlocks (Florida)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Warlocks_Motorcycle_Club_(Pennsylvania)\" title=\"Warlocks Motorcycle Club (Pennsylvania)\">Warlocks (Pennsylvania/Delaware Valley)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Wheels_of_Soul_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Wheels of Soul Motorcycle Club\">Wheels of Soul</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Zulus_Motorcycle_Club\" title=\"Zulus Motorcycle Club\">Zulus</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Members</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Larry_Amero\" title=\"Larry Amero\">Larry Amero</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Necati_Arabaci\" title=\"Necati Arabaci\">Necati Arabaci</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Marcello_Aravena\" title=\"Marcello Aravena\">Marcello Aravena</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/David_Atwell\" title=\"David Atwell\">David Atwell</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sonny_Barger\" title=\"Sonny Barger\">Sonny Barger</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Harry_Paul_Barnes\" title=\"Harry Paul Barnes\">Harry Paul Barnes</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Brian_Beaucage\" title=\"Brian Beaucage\">Brian Beaucage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Howard_Doyle_Berry\" title=\"Howard Doyle Berry\">Howard Doyle Berry</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Merv_Blaker\" title=\"Merv Blaker\">Merv Blaker</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Maurice_Boucher\" title=\"Maurice Boucher\">Maurice Boucher</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Phillip_Boudreault\" title=\"Phillip Boudreault\">Phillip Boudreault</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Harry_Bowman\" title=\"Harry Bowman\">Harry Bowman</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Willem_van_Boxtel\" title=\"Willem van Boxtel\">Willem van Boxtel</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mark_Buddle\" title=\"Mark Buddle\">Mark Buddle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Yves_Buteau\" title=\"Yves Buteau\">Yves Buteau</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Colin_%22Caesar%22_Campbell\" title=\"Colin "Caesar" Campbell\">Colin \"Caesar\" Campbell</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lorne_Edgar_Campbell\" title=\"Lorne Edgar Campbell\">Lorne Campbell</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/David_Carroll_(biker)\" title=\"David Carroll (biker)\">David Carroll</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ruben_Cavazos\" title=\"Ruben Cavazos\">Ruben Cavazos</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Giovanni_Cazzetta\" title=\"Giovanni Cazzetta\">Giovanni Cazzetta</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Salvatore_Cazzetta\" title=\"Salvatore Cazzetta\">Salvatore Cazzetta</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Donald_Eugene_Chambers\" title=\"Donald Eugene Chambers\">Donald Chambers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Patrick_Champoux\" title=\"Patrick Champoux\">Patrick Champoux</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/George_Christie_(biker)\" title=\"George Christie (biker)\">George Christie</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gary_Comeau\" title=\"Gary Comeau\">Gary Comeau</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ion_Croitoru\" title=\"Ion Croitoru\">Ion Croitoru</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Michel_Dub%C3%A9\" title=\"Michel Dubé\">Michel Dubé</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rudi_Heinz_Elten\" title=\"Rudi Heinz Elten\">Rudi Heinz Elten</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Faucher\" title=\"Frédéric Faucher\">Frédéric Faucher</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alan_Fisher_(biker)\" title=\"Alan Fisher (biker)\">Alan Fisher</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jamie_Flanz\" title=\"Jamie Flanz\">Jamie Flanz</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Gagn%C3%A9\" title=\"Stéphane Gagné\">Stéphane Gagné</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Brett_Gardiner\" title=\"Brett Gardiner\">Brett Gardiner</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Steven_Gault\" title=\"Steven Gault\">Steven Gault</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mark_Guardado\" title=\"Mark Guardado\">Mark Guardado</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bernie_Guindon\" title=\"Bernie Guindon\">Bernie Guindon</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Harley_Davidson_Guindon\" title=\"Harley Davidson Guindon\">Harley Davidson Guindon</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/M.H._(police_informer)\" title=\"M.H. (police informer)\">M.H.</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Louis_Hagemann\" title=\"Louis Hagemann\">Louis Hagemann</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Normand_Hamel\" title=\"Normand Hamel\">Normand Hamel</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Frank_Hanebuth\" title=\"Frank Hanebuth\">Frank Hanebuth</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Claus_Bork_Hansen\" title=\"Claus Bork Hansen\">Claus Bork Hansen</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lars_Harnes\" title=\"Lars Harnes\">Lars Harnes</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mick_Hawi\" title=\"Mick Hawi\">Mick Hawi</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Peter_John_Hill\" title=\"Peter John Hill\">Peter John Hill</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Marko_Hirsma\" title=\"Marko Hirsma\">Marko Hirsma</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/David_George_Hoffman\" title=\"David George Hoffman\">David George Hoffman</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Larry_Hurren\" title=\"Larry Hurren\">Larry Hurren</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jan_Krogh_Jensen\" title=\"Jan Krogh Jensen\">Jan Krogh Jensen</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/George_Jessome\" title=\"George Jessome\">George Jessome</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Renaud_Jomphe\" title=\"Renaud Jomphe\">Renaud Jomphe</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Wayne_Kellestine\" title=\"Wayne Kellestine\">Wayne Kellestine</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Cecil_Kirby\" title=\"Cecil Kirby\">Cecil Kirby</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sam_Klepper\" title=\"Sam Klepper\">Sam Klepper</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/George_Kriarakis\" title=\"George Kriarakis\">George Kriarakis</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Michel_Langlois_(biker)\" title=\"Michel Langlois (biker)\">Michel Langlois</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mickey_Borgfjord_Larsen\" title=\"Mickey Borgfjord Larsen\">Mickey Borgfjord Larsen</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Frank_Lenti\" title=\"Frank Lenti\">Frank Lenti</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/R%C3%A9jean_Lessard\" title=\"Réjean Lessard\">Réjean Lessard</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Steven_Lindsay\" title=\"Steven Lindsay\">Steven Lindsay</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Michael_Ljunggren\" title=\"Michael Ljunggren\">Michael Ljunggren</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/David_Mann_(artist)\" title=\"David Mann (artist)\">David Mann</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Frank_Mather_(biker)\" title=\"Frank Mather (biker)\">Frank Mather</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gilles_Mathieu\" title=\"Gilles Mathieu\">Gilles Mathieu</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Philip_McElwaine\" title=\"Philip McElwaine\">Philip McElwaine</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Garnet_McEwen\" title=\"Garnet McEwen\">Garnet McEwen</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jeff_McLeod\" title=\"Jeff McLeod\">Jeff McLeod</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Allan_Meehan\" title=\"Allan Meehan\">Allan Meehan</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Thomas_M%C3%B6ller\" title=\"Thomas Möller\">Thomas Möller</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mick_Murray_(leader)\" title=\"Mick Murray (leader)\">Mich Murray</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Giovanni_Muscedere\" title=\"Giovanni Muscedere\">Giovanni Muscedere</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dwight_Mushey\" title=\"Dwight Mushey\">Dwight Mushey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Duax_Ngakuru\" title=\"Duax Ngakuru\">Duax Ngakuru</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bent_Svane_Nielsen\" title=\"Bent Svane Nielsen\">Bent Svane Nielsen</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/J%C3%B8rn_Nielsen\" title=\"Jørn Nielsen\">Jørn Nielsen</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jim_Nolan_(biker)\" title=\"Jim Nolan (biker)\">Jim Nolan</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Michael_O%27Farrell_(biker)\" title=\"Michael O'Farrell (biker)\">Michael O'Farrell</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mario_Parente\" title=\"Mario Parente\">Mario Parente</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Anthony_Perish\" title=\"Anthony Perish\">Anthony Perish</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Donny_Petersen\" title=\"Donny Petersen\">Donny Petersen</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Michael_Plante\" title=\"Michael Plante\">Michael Plante</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Johnny_Plescio\" title=\"Johnny Plescio\">Johnny Plescio</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Porter_(biker)\" title=\"Paul Porter (biker)\">Paul Porter</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/William_%22Jock%22_Ross\" title=\"William "Jock" Ross\">Jock Ross</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Louis_Roy\" title=\"Louis Roy\">Louis Roy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Michael_Sandham\" title=\"Michael Sandham\">Michael Sandham</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Armand_Sanguigni\" title=\"Armand Sanguigni\">Armand Sanguigni</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Richard_Sauv%C3%A9\" title=\"Richard Sauvé\">Richard Sauvé</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Martin_Schippert\" title=\"Martin Schippert\">Martin Schippert</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Simon_(biker)\" title=\"Robert Simon (biker)\">Robert Simon</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Anthony_Mark_Spencer\" title=\"Anthony Mark Spencer\">Anthony Spencer</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Walter_Stadnick\" title=\"Walter Stadnick\">Walter Stadnick</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Scott_Steinert\" title=\"Scott Steinert\">Scott Steinert</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Donald_Stockford\" title=\"Donald Stockford\">Donald Stockford</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Anthony_Tait\" title=\"Anthony Tait\">Anthony Tait</a></li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Jim Tinndahn</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Yves_Trudeau_(biker)\" title=\"Yves Trudeau (biker)\">Yves Trudeau</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Richard_Vall%C3%A9e\" title=\"Richard Vallée\">Richard Vallée</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alex_Vella\" title=\"Alex Vella\">Alex Vella</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Claude_V%C3%A9zina\" title=\"Claude Vézina\">Claude Vézina</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gerald_Ward_(biker)\" title=\"Gerald Ward (biker)\">Gerald Ward</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Edward_Winterhalder\" title=\"Edward Winterhalder\">Edward Winterhalder</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gregory_Woolley\" title=\"Gregory Woolley\">Gregory Woolley</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gordon_van_Haarlem\" title=\"Gordon van Haarlem\">Gordon van Haarlem</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Paul_de_Vries_(criminal)\" title=\"Paul de Vries (criminal)\">Paul de Vries</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Tarek_Zahed\" title=\"Tarek Zahed\">Tarek Zahed</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Chuck_Zito\" title=\"Chuck Zito\">Chuck Zito</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Events</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Altamont_Free_Concert\" title=\"Altamont Free Concert\">Altamont Free Concert</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Battersea_Arts_Centre_incident\" title=\"Battersea Arts Centre incident\">Battersea Arts Centre incident</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/First_Biker_War\" title=\"First Biker War\">First Biker War</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/First_Montreal_biker_war\" title=\"First Montreal biker war\">First Montreal biker war</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Hancock_case\" title=\"Hancock case\">Hancock case</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Hollister_riot\" title=\"Hollister riot\">Hollister riot</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Grondalski_family_murders\" title=\"Grondalski family murders\">Grondalski family murders</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lennoxville_massacre\" title=\"Lennoxville massacre\">Lennoxville massacre</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Milperra_massacre\" title=\"Milperra massacre\">Milperra massacre</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Murder_of_Cynthia_Garcia\" title=\"Murder of Cynthia Garcia\">Murder of Cynthia Garcia</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/National_Western_Complex_shootout\" title=\"National Western Complex shootout\">National Western Complex shootout</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nordic_Biker_War\" title=\"Nordic Biker War\">Nordic Biker War</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/1996_Copenhagen_Airport_shooting\" title=\"1996 Copenhagen Airport shooting\">Copenhagen Airport shooting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/1996_Copenhagen_rocket_attack\" title=\"1996 Copenhagen rocket attack\">Copenhagen rocket attack</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/1997_Drammen_bombing\" title=\"1997 Drammen bombing\">Drammen bombing</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ontario_Biker_War\" title=\"Ontario Biker War\">Ontario Biker War</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Port_Hope_8_case\" title=\"Port Hope 8 case\">Port Hope 8 case</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Quebec_Biker_War\" title=\"Quebec Biker War\">Quebec Biker War</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/River_Run_riot\" title=\"River Run riot\">River Run riot</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Shedden_massacre\" title=\"Shedden massacre\">Shedden massacre</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rock_Machine%E2%80%93Rebels_conflict\" title=\"Rock Machine–Rebels conflict\">Rock Machine–Rebels conflict</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/2015_Waco_shootout\" title=\"2015 Waco shootout\">Waco shootout</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Law enforcement</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Bob_Armstrong_(policeman)\" title=\"Bob Armstrong (policeman)\">Bob Armstrong</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Bouchard_(policeman)\" title=\"André Bouchard (policeman)\">André Bouchard</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jay_Dobyns\" title=\"Jay Dobyns\">Jay Dobyns</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Terry_Hall_(policeman)\" title=\"Terry Hall (policeman)\">Terry Hall</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/John_Gordon_Harris\" title=\"John Gordon Harris\">John Harris</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bob_Paulson_(police_commissioner)\" title=\"Bob Paulson (police commissioner)\">Bob Paulson</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/William_Queen\" title=\"William Queen\">William Queen</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">See also</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Colors_(motorcycling)\" title=\"Colors (motorcycling)\">Colors</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nomad_(motorcycle_club_membership)\" title=\"Nomad (motorcycle club membership)\">Nomad chapter</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_outlaw_motorcycle_clubs\" title=\"List of outlaw motorcycle clubs\">List of clubs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_outlaw_motorcycle_club_conflicts\" title=\"List of outlaw motorcycle club conflicts\">List of club conflicts</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Outlaw_biker_film\" title=\"Outlaw biker film\">Outlaw biker film</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐78d9ddc6fb‐wmvcn\nCached time: 20241228190332\nCache expiry: 2592000\nReduced expiry: false\nComplications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc]\nCPU time usage: 0.478 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.659 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 3000/1000000\nPost‐expand include size: 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id=\"toc-Cast_and_characters\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Cast_and_characters\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Cast and characters</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Cast_and_characters-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n\t<li id=\"toc-Development\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Development\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Development</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Development-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n\t<li id=\"toc-Ratings\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" 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id=\"toc-References-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n\t<li id=\"toc-External_links\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#External_links\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">6</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>External links</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-External_links-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</div>\n\t\t<div class=\"mw-content-container\">\n\t\t\t<main id=\"content\" class=\"mw-body\">\n\t\t\t\t<header class=\"mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Contents\" class=\"vector-toc-landmark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox \" aria-label=\"Toggle the table of contents\" >\n\t<label id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-label\" for=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only \" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Toggle the table of contents</span>\n\t</label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading mw-first-heading\"><i>Rosalinda</i> (Philippine TV series)</h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"p-lang-btn\" 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class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Português</span></a></li>\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"after-portlet after-portlet-lang\"><span class=\"wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link\"><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7367258#sitelinks-wikipedia\" title=\"Edit interlanguage links\" class=\"wbc-editpage\">Edit links</a></span></div>\n\t\t</div>\n\n\t</div>\n</div>\n</header>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-page-toolbar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-page-toolbar-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"left-navigation\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Namespaces\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"p-associated-pages\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"ca-nstab-main\" class=\"selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Rosalinda_(Philippine_TV_series)\" title=\"View the content page [c]\" 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dir=\"ltr\"><div class=\"shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux\" style=\"display:none\">2009 Philippine television drama series</div>\n<p class=\"mw-empty-elt\">\n\n</p>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1257001546\">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1262195746\">.mw-parser-output .ib-tv{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0 3px;padding:3px 5px}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv .infobox-above{background-color:#CCCCFF;color:inherit;font-size:125%;padding:0.25em 1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv .infobox-header{background-color:#CCCCFF;color:inherit;padding:0.25em 1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-aka{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-network-release td,.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-network-release th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1}</style><table class=\"infobox ib-tv vevent\"><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-above summary\"><i>Rosalinda</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-image\"><span class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Frameless\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Rosalinda_title_card.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"An image of Geoff Eigenmann and Carla Abellana. The series title is displayed on the lower side of the image, next a red rose flower.\"><img alt=\"An image of Geoff Eigenmann and Carla Abellana. The series title is displayed on the lower side of the image, next a red rose flower.\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Rosalinda_title_card.jpg/220px-Rosalinda_title_card.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"170\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/1b/Rosalinda_title_card.jpg 1.5x\" data-file-width=\"265\" data-file-height=\"205\" /></a></span><div class=\"infobox-caption\">Title card</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Genre</th><td class=\"infobox-data category\"><a href=\"/wiki/Romantic_drama\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Romantic drama\">Romantic drama</a></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Based on</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><i><a href=\"/wiki/Rosalinda_(Mexican_TV_series)\" title=\"Rosalinda (Mexican TV series)\">Rosalinda</a></i> (1999)<br />by <a href=\"/wiki/Beatriz_Sheridan\" title=\"Beatriz Sheridan\">Beatriz Sheridan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Developed by</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/R.J._Nuevas\" title=\"R.J. Nuevas\">R.J. Nuevas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Directed by</th><td class=\"infobox-data attendee\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1126788409\">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class=\"plainlist\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Maryo_J._de_los_Reyes\" title=\"Maryo J. de los Reyes\">Maryo J. de los Reyes</a></li>\n<li>Gil Tejada Jr.</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Starring</th><td class=\"infobox-data attendee\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409\"><div class=\"plainlist\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Carla_Abellana\" title=\"Carla Abellana\">Carla Abellana</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Geoff_Eigenmann\" title=\"Geoff Eigenmann\">Geoff Eigenmann</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Opening theme</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">\"Ay Amor! (Umiibig si Rosalinda)\" by <a href=\"/wiki/La_Diva_(group)\" title=\"La Diva (group)\">La Diva</a></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Ending theme</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">\"Himig\" by Carla Abellana</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Country of origin</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">Philippines</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Original language</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">Tagalog</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><abbr title=\"Number\">No.</abbr> of episodes</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">105</td></tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-header summary\">Production</th></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Executive producer</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">Winnie Hollis-Reyes</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Camera setup</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/Multiple-camera_setup\" title=\"Multiple-camera setup\">Multiple-camera setup</a></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Running time</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">30–45 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Production company</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">GMA Entertainment TV</td></tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-header summary\">Original release</th></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Network</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/GMA_Network\" title=\"GMA Network\">GMA Network</a></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Release</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">July 6<span style=\"display:none\"> (<span class=\"bday dtstart published updated itvstart\">2009-07-06</span>)</span> –<br />November 27, 2009<span style=\"display:none\"> (<span class=\"dtend itvend\">2009-11-27</span>)</span></td></tr></tbody></table>\n<p><i><b>Rosalinda</b></i> is a 2009 <a href=\"/wiki/Philippine_television_drama\" title=\"Philippine television drama\">Philippine television drama</a> romance series broadcast by <a href=\"/wiki/GMA_Network\" title=\"GMA Network\">GMA Network</a>. The series is based on a 1999 Mexican television series of the <a href=\"/wiki/Rosalinda_(Mexican_TV_series)\" title=\"Rosalinda (Mexican TV series)\">same title</a>. Directed by <a href=\"/wiki/Maryo_J._de_los_Reyes\" title=\"Maryo J. de los Reyes\">Maryo J. de los Reyes</a> and Gil Tejada Jr., it stars <a href=\"/wiki/Carla_Abellana\" title=\"Carla Abellana\">Carla Abellana</a> in the title role and <a href=\"/wiki/Geoff_Eigenmann\" title=\"Geoff Eigenmann\">Geoff Eigenmann</a>. It premiered on July 6, 2009, on the network's Telebabad line up replacing <i><a href=\"/wiki/Totoy_Bato\" title=\"Totoy Bato\">Totoy Bato</a></i>. The series concluded on November 27, 2009, with a total of 105 episodes. It was replaced by <i><a href=\"/wiki/Full_House_(Philippine_TV_series)\" title=\"Full House (Philippine TV series)\">Full House</a></i> in its timeslot.\n</p>\n<meta property=\"mw:PageProp/toc\" />\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Cast_and_characters\">Cast and characters</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Rosalinda_(Philippine_TV_series)&action=edit&section=1\" title=\"Edit section: Cast and characters\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti\">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class=\"thumb tmulti tnone center\"><div class=\"thumbinner multiimageinner\" style=\"width:592px;max-width:592px\"><div class=\"trow\"><div class=\"theader\">Cast</div></div><div class=\"trow\"><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:127px;max-width:127px\"><div class=\"thumbimage\" style=\"height:177px;overflow:hidden\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Carla_Abellana,_2014_(cropped).jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img alt=\"An image of Carla Abellana.\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Carla_Abellana%2C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/125px-Carla_Abellana%2C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"125\" height=\"177\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Carla_Abellana%2C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/188px-Carla_Abellana%2C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Carla_Abellana%2C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Carla_Abellana%2C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"370\" data-file-height=\"523\" /></a></span></div><div class=\"thumbcaption\">Carla Abellana</div></div><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:238px;max-width:238px\"><div class=\"thumbimage\" style=\"height:177px;overflow:hidden\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Katrina_Halili_in_New_Jersey.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img alt=\"An image of Katrina Halili.\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Katrina_Halili_in_New_Jersey.jpg/236px-Katrina_Halili_in_New_Jersey.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"236\" height=\"177\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Katrina_Halili_in_New_Jersey.jpg/354px-Katrina_Halili_in_New_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Katrina_Halili_in_New_Jersey.jpg/472px-Katrina_Halili_in_New_Jersey.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"640\" data-file-height=\"480\" /></a></span></div><div class=\"thumbcaption\">Katrina Halili</div></div><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:116px;max-width:116px\"><div class=\"thumbimage\" style=\"height:177px;overflow:hidden\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Ariel_solo.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img alt=\"An image of Ariel Rivera.\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ariel_solo.jpg/114px-Ariel_solo.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"114\" height=\"178\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ariel_solo.jpg/171px-Ariel_solo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ariel_solo.jpg/228px-Ariel_solo.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"287\" data-file-height=\"448\" /></a></span></div><div class=\"thumbcaption\">Ariel Rivera</div></div><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:103px;max-width:103px\"><div class=\"thumbimage\" style=\"height:177px;overflow:hidden\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Ryza_Cenon_in_2017.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img alt=\"An image of Ryza Cenon.\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ryza_Cenon_in_2017.jpg/101px-Ryza_Cenon_in_2017.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"101\" height=\"178\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ryza_Cenon_in_2017.jpg/152px-Ryza_Cenon_in_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ryza_Cenon_in_2017.jpg/202px-Ryza_Cenon_in_2017.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"616\" data-file-height=\"1083\" /></a></span></div><div class=\"thumbcaption\">Ryza Cenon</div></div></div></div></div>\n<dl><dt>Lead cast</dt></dl>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1184024115\">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class=\"div-col\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Carla_Abellana\" title=\"Carla Abellana\">Carla Abellana</a> as Rosalinda Perez-Altamirano / Rosalinda Del Castillo-Altamirano / Paloma Dorantes<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Geoff_Eigenmann\" title=\"Geoff Eigenmann\">Geoff Eigenmann</a> as Fernando Jose Salvador Altamirano<sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>\n</div>\n<dl><dt>Supporting cast</dt></dl>\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115\"><div class=\"div-col\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Katrina_Halili\" title=\"Katrina Halili\">Katrina Halili</a> as Fedra Perez<sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Roderick_Paulate\" title=\"Roderick Paulate\">Roderick Paulate</a> as Florencio</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sheryl_Cruz\" title=\"Sheryl Cruz\">Sheryl Cruz</a> as Valeria del Castillo-Altamirano<sup id=\"cite_ref-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ariel_Rivera\" title=\"Ariel Rivera\">Ariel Rivera</a> as Alfredo Del Castillo</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gary_Estrada\" title=\"Gary Estrada\">Gary Estrada</a> as Javier Perez</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Glydel_Mercado\" title=\"Glydel Mercado\">Glydel Mercado</a> as Soledad Romero</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jessa_Zaragoza\" title=\"Jessa Zaragoza\">Jessa Zaragoza</a> as Evangelina Kintanar-del Castillo<sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Yul_Servo\" title=\"Yul Servo\">Yul Servo</a> as Roberto</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ryza_Cenon\" title=\"Ryza Cenon\">Ryza Cenon</a> as Abril Del Castillo<sup id=\"cite_ref-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-6\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>6<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sherilyn_Reyes-Tan\" title=\"Sherilyn Reyes-Tan\">Sherilyn Reyes</a> as Dulce</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mike_Tan\" title=\"Mike Tan\">Mike Tan</a> as Rico</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mart_Escudero\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Mart Escudero\">Mart Escudero</a> as Beto Perez</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sheena_Halili\" title=\"Sheena Halili\">Sheena Halili</a> as Becky</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Marco_Alcaraz\" title=\"Marco Alcaraz\">Marco Alcaraz</a> as Anibal</li>\n<li>Marky Lopez as Julio</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Carlene_Aguilar\" title=\"Carlene Aguilar\">Carlene Aguilar</a> as Rodora</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ayen_Munji-Laurel\" title=\"Ayen Munji-Laurel\">Ayen Munji-Laurel</a> as Berta Alvarez / Delia</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gian_Magdangal\" title=\"Gian Magdangal\">Gian Magdangal</a> as Gerardo De Navarette</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Krystal_Reyes\" title=\"Krystal Reyes\">Krystal Reyes</a> as Lucy Perez</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jomari_Yllana\" title=\"Jomari Yllana\">Jomari Yllana</a> as Alessandro Durantes</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jackie_Lou_Blanco\" title=\"Jackie Lou Blanco\">Jackie Lou Blanco</a> as Veronica Salvador Altamirano<sup id=\"cite_ref-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-7\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>7<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sheree_Bautista\" title=\"Sheree Bautista\">Sheree Bautista</a> as Natalia</li></ul>\n</div>\n<dl><dt>Guest cast</dt></dl>\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115\"><div class=\"div-col\">\n<ul><li>Carlos Morales as Jose Fernando Altamirano</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jennifer_Sevilla\" title=\"Jennifer Sevilla\">Jennifer Sevilla</a> as Dolores Romero Perez</li>\n<li>Mymy Davao as Clarita</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Isabel_Oli\" title=\"Isabel Oli\">Isabel Oli</a> as Austerica Carvajal</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bernard_Palanca\" title=\"Bernard Palanca\">Bernard Palanca</a> as Allan</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ana_Capri\" title=\"Ana Capri\">Ana Capri</a> as a client of a mental hospital</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Charlie_Davao\" title=\"Charlie Davao\">Charlie Davao</a> as Victor Durantes</li>\n<li>Bebs Hollmann as Pamela</li>\n<li>Chelsea Eugenio as younger Rosalinda</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Francheska_Salcedo\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Francheska Salcedo\">Francheska Salcedo</a> as younger Fedra</li></ul>\n</div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Development\">Development</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Rosalinda_(Philippine_TV_series)&action=edit&section=2\" title=\"Edit section: Development\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p><i><a href=\"/wiki/Rosalinda_(Mexican_TV_series)\" title=\"Rosalinda (Mexican TV series)\">Rosalinda</a></i> is a Mexican telenovela that was aired in 1999 on <a href=\"/wiki/Televisa\" title=\"Televisa\">Televisa</a>. Created by Delia Fiallo, it starred singer-actress <a href=\"/wiki/Thal%C3%ADa\" title=\"Thalía\">Thalía</a> in the title role. The Mexican series was aired in the Philippines in 2000, and later became the most popular telenovela in the Philippines after <i><a href=\"/wiki/Marimar_(Mexican_TV_series)\" title=\"Marimar (Mexican TV series)\">Marimar</a></i>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>8<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Ratings\">Ratings</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Rosalinda_(Philippine_TV_series)&action=edit&section=3\" title=\"Edit section: Ratings\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>According to <a href=\"/wiki/AGB_Nielsen_Philippines\" title=\"AGB Nielsen Philippines\">AGB Nielsen Philippines</a>' Mega Manila household television ratings, the pilot episode of <i>Rosalinda</i> earned a 26.3% rating.<sup id=\"cite_ref-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-9\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>9<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> While the final episode scored a 27% rating.<sup id=\"cite_ref-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-10\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Accolades\">Accolades</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Rosalinda_(Philippine_TV_series)&action=edit&section=4\" title=\"Edit section: Accolades\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<table class=\"wikitable\">\n<caption>Accolades received by <i>Rosalinda</i>\n</caption>\n<tbody><tr>\n<th>Year\n</th>\n<th>Award\n</th>\n<th>Category\n</th>\n<th>Recipient\n</th>\n<th>Result\n</th>\n<th><abbr title=\"Reference\">Ref.</abbr>\n</th></tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2010\n</td>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/24th_PMPC_Star_Awards_for_Television\" title=\"24th PMPC Star Awards for Television\">24th PMPC Star Awards for Television</a>\n</td>\n<td>Best New Female TV Personality\n</td>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Carla_Abellana\" title=\"Carla Abellana\">Carla Abellana</a>\n</td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;\" class=\"no table-no2 notheme\">Nominated\n</td>\n<td><sup id=\"cite_ref-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-11\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"References\">References</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Rosalinda_(Philippine_TV_series)&action=edit&section=5\" title=\"Edit section: References\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1239543626\">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class=\"reflist\">\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\"><ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-1\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1238218222\">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"'\"\"'\"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg\")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id=\"CITEREFErece,_Dinno2009\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Erece, Dinno (February 3, 2009). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.pep.ph/news/20721/first-read-on-pep-newcomer-carla-abellana-to-portray-pinay-rosalinda\">\"First Read On PEP: Newcomer Carla Abellana to portray Pinay Rosalinda\"</a>. <i>PEP</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">January 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PEP&rft.atitle=First+Read+On+PEP%3A+Newcomer+Carla+Abellana+to+portray+Pinay+Rosalinda&rft.date=2009-02-03&rft.au=Erece%2C+Dinno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep.ph%2Fnews%2F20721%2Ffirst-read-on-pep-newcomer-carla-abellana-to-portray-pinay-rosalinda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosalinda+%28Philippine+TV+series%29\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFQuilingguing,_Uriel_C.2010\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Quilingguing, Uriel C. (March 7, 2010). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.sunstar.com.ph/more-articles/rosalinda-stars-now-dating\">\"<i>Rosalinda</i> stars now dating\"</a>. <i><a href=\"/wiki/SunStar\" title=\"SunStar\">SunStar</a></i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">April 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SunStar&rft.atitle=Rosalinda+stars+now+dating&rft.date=2010-03-07&rft.au=Quilingguing%2C+Uriel+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunstar.com.ph%2Fmore-articles%2Frosalinda-stars-now-dating&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosalinda+%28Philippine+TV+series%29\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-3\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.philstar.com/pilipino-star-ngayon/showbiz/2009/06/19/478649/katrina-mao-gyuy-fedra-sa-rosalinda/amp/\">\"Katrina mao gyuy Fedra sa <i>Rosalinda</i>\"</a>. <i><a href=\"/wiki/The_Philippine_Star\" title=\"The Philippine Star\">The Philippine Star</a></i>. June 19, 2009<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">April 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=Katrina+mao+gyuy+Fedra+sa+Rosalinda&rft.date=2009-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fpilipino-star-ngayon%2Fshowbiz%2F2009%2F06%2F19%2F478649%2Fkatrina-mao-gyuy-fedra-sa-rosalinda%2Famp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosalinda+%28Philippine+TV+series%29\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-4\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFGarcia,_Rose2009\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Garcia, Rose (July 4, 2009). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.pep.ph/news/local/22345/sheryl-cruz-hopes-to-make-good-as-villain-in-rosalinda\">\"Sheryl Cruz hopes to make good as villain in <i>Rosalinda</i>\"</a>. <i>PEP</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">April 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PEP&rft.atitle=Sheryl+Cruz+hopes+to+make+good+as+villain+in+Rosalinda&rft.date=2009-07-04&rft.au=Garcia%2C+Rose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep.ph%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F22345%2Fsheryl-cruz-hopes-to-make-good-as-villain-in-rosalinda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosalinda+%28Philippine+TV+series%29\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-5\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFAnarcon,_James_Patrick2019\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Anarcon, James Patrick (February 26, 2019). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.pep.ph/guide/tv/29252/where-are-they-now-original-teleserye-leading-ladies\">\"Where Are They Now: Original teleserye leading ladies\"</a>. <i>PEP</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">May 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PEP&rft.atitle=Where+Are+They+Now%3A+Original+teleserye+leading+ladies&rft.date=2019-02-26&rft.au=Anarcon%2C+James+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep.ph%2Fguide%2Ftv%2F29252%2Fwhere-are-they-now-original-teleserye-leading-ladies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosalinda+%28Philippine+TV+series%29\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-6\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFGarcia,_Rose2010\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Garcia, Rose (February 7, 2010). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.pep.ph/news/local/24642/ryza-cenon-changes-her-image-in-gumapang-ka-sa-lusak\">\"Ryza Cenon changes her image in <i>Gumapang Ka Sa Lusak</i>\"</a>. <i>PEP</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">April 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PEP&rft.atitle=Ryza+Cenon+changes+her+image+in+Gumapang+Ka+Sa+Lusak&rft.date=2010-02-07&rft.au=Garcia%2C+Rose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep.ph%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F24642%2Fryza-cenon-changes-her-image-in-gumapang-ka-sa-lusak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosalinda+%28Philippine+TV+series%29\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-7\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFAnarcon,_James_Patrick2019\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Anarcon, James Patrick (January 2, 2019). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.pep.ph/news/local/28994/jackie-lou-blanco-i-really-cannot-imagine-myself-being-with-another-network\">\"Jackie Lou Blanco: \"I really cannot imagine myself being with another network.\"<span class=\"cs1-kern-right\"></span>\"</a>. <i>PEP</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">April 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PEP&rft.atitle=Jackie+Lou+Blanco%3A+%22I+really+cannot+imagine+myself+being+with+another+network.%22&rft.date=2019-01-02&rft.au=Anarcon%2C+James+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep.ph%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F28994%2Fjackie-lou-blanco-i-really-cannot-imagine-myself-being-with-another-network&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosalinda+%28Philippine+TV+series%29\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-8\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFErece,_Dinno2007\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Erece, Dinno (September 18, 2007). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.pep.ph/news/14812/first-read-on-pep-gma-7-buys-rights-to-remake-mexican-telenovela-rosalinda\">\"GMA-7 buys rights to remake Mexican telenovela <i>Rosalinda</i>\"</a>. <i>PEP</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">August 31,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PEP&rft.atitle=AGB+Mega+Manila+TV+Ratings+%28July+3%E2%80%936%29%3A+Rosalinda+does+well%2C+but+falls+short+of+expectations&rft.date=2009-07-07&rft.au=Santiago%2C+Erwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep.ph%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F4235%2Fagb-mega-manila-tv-ratings-july-3-6-rosalinda-does-well-but-falls-short-of-expectations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosalinda+%28Philippine+TV+series%29\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-10\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFSantiago,_Erwin2009\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Santiago, Erwin (December 2, 2009). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.pep.ph/guide/tv/5207/agb-mega-manila-tv-ratings-nov-27-dec-1-24-oras-and-darna-share-weeknight-primetime-leadership\">\"AGB Mega Manila TV Ratings (Nov. 27-Dec. 1): <i>24 Oras</i> and <i>Darna</i> share weeknight primetime leadership\"</a>. <i>PEP</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">March 7,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PEP&rft.atitle=AGB+Mega+Manila+TV+Ratings+%28Nov.+27-Dec.+1%29%3A+24+Oras+and+Darna+share+weeknight+primetime+leadership&rft.date=2009-12-02&rft.au=Santiago%2C+Erwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep.ph%2Fguide%2Ftv%2F5207%2Fagb-mega-manila-tv-ratings-nov-27-dec-1-24-oras-and-darna-share-weeknight-primetime-leadership&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosalinda+%28Philippine+TV+series%29\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-11\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFReyes,_William_R.2010\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Reyes, William R. (October 25, 2010). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.pep.ph/guide/tv/7079/24th-star-awards-for-television-nominees-bared\">\"24th Star Awards for Television nominees bared\"</a>. <i>PEP</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">May 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PEP&rft.atitle=24th+Star+Awards+for+Television+nominees+bared&rft.date=2010-10-25&rft.au=Reyes%2C+William+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep.ph%2Fguide%2Ftv%2F7079%2F24th-star-awards-for-television-nominees-bared&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosalinda+%28Philippine+TV+series%29\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n</ol></div></div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"External_links\">External links</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Rosalinda_(Philippine_TV_series)&action=edit&section=6\" title=\"Edit section: External links\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1126377/\"><i>Rosalinda</i></a> at <a href=\"/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"IMDb (identifier)\">IMDb</a></li></ul>\n<p><br />\n</p>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1263913190\">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role=\"note\" class=\"metadata plainlinks asbox stub\"><table role=\"presentation\"><tbody><tr class=\"noresize\"><td><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Blank_television_set.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img alt=\"Stub icon\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/30px-Blank_television_set.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"30\" height=\"20\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/45px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/60px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"138\" data-file-height=\"92\" /></a></span></td><td><p class=\"asbox-body\">This Philippine television program-related article is a <a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub\" title=\"Wikipedia:Stub\">stub</a>. 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vector-pinnable-header-pinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"appearance-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-appearance\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-appearance-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-appearance-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<div class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Appearance</div>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin\">move to sidebar</button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin\">hide</button>\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"bodyContent\" class=\"vector-body\" aria-labelledby=\"firstHeading\" data-mw-ve-target-container>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-body-before-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mw-indicators\">\n\t\t</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"siteSub\" class=\"noprint\">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"contentSub\"><div id=\"mw-content-subtitle\"></div></div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-body-content\"><div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><p>\n\nThe <b>hip flask defence</b>, also known as the <b>rising blood alcohol defence</b>, is a defence to a charge of <a href=\"/wiki/Drink_driving\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Drink driving\">drink driving</a> based upon the claim that the driver consumed <a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)\" title=\"Alcohol (drug)\">alcohol</a> between the time of a vehicular offence, such as a <a href=\"/wiki/Traffic_collision\" title=\"Traffic collision\">traffic collision</a>, and the time of administration of a test for intoxication such as a <a href=\"/wiki/Breath_test\" title=\"Breath test\">breathalyser test</a>. The defense asserts that the driver was not intoxicated at the time that they were driving, but had a higher blood alcohol level at the time of the test due to that subsequent consumption of alcohol.<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>The defence is not necessarily successful, both because it may not be believed by a jury or other finder of fact,<sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> or may be disproved based upon the analysis of the amount of alcohol claimed to have been consumed after the driver stopped operating the vehicle.<sup id=\"cite_ref-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"References\">References</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Hip_flask_defence&action=edit&section=1\" title=\"Edit section: References\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1239543626\">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class=\"reflist\">\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap\"><ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-1\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1238218222\">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"'\"\"'\"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg\")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id=\"CITEREFKronstrandNilssonChermàAhlner2019\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Kronstrand, Christoffer; Nilsson, Gunnel; Chermà, Maria D.; Ahlner, Johan; Kugelberg, Fredrik C.; Kronstrand, Robert (January 2019). \"Evaluating the hip-flask defence in subjects with alcohol on board: An experimental study\". <i>Forensic Science International</i>. <b>294</b>: <span class=\"nowrap\">189–</span>195. <a href=\"/wiki/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\">doi</a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.forsciint.2018.11.014\">10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.11.014</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forensic+Science+International&rft.atitle=Evaluating+the+hip-flask+defence+in+subjects+with+alcohol+on+board%3A+An+experimental+study&rft.volume=294&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E189-%3C%2Fspan%3E195&rft.date=2019-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.forsciint.2018.11.014&rft.aulast=Kronstrand&rft.aufirst=Christoffer&rft.au=Nilsson%2C+Gunnel&rft.au=Cherm%C3%A0%2C+Maria+D.&rft.au=Ahlner%2C+Johan&rft.au=Kugelberg%2C+Fredrik+C.&rft.au=Kronstrand%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHip+flask+defence\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFJones1990\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Jones, A.W. (1 May 1990). \"Status of Alcohol Absorption Among Drinking Drivers\". <i>Journal of Analytical Toxicology</i>. <b>14</b> (3): <span class=\"nowrap\">198–</span>200. <a href=\"/wiki/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\">doi</a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjat%2F14.3.198\">10.1093/jat/14.3.198</a>. <a href=\"/wiki/PMID_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"PMID (identifier)\">PMID</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2374414\">2374414</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Analytical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Status+of+Alcohol+Absorption+Among+Drinking+Drivers&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E198-%3C%2Fspan%3E200&rft.date=1990-05-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjat%2F14.3.198&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2374414&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=A.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHip+flask+defence\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-3\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFNovalImwinkelreid2014\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Noval, Justin; Imwinkelreid, Edward J (2014). \"Retrograde Extrapolation of Blood Alcohol Concentration\". <i>Criminal Law Bulletin</i>. <b>50</b>: 188.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Criminal+Law+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Retrograde+Extrapolation+of+Blood+Alcohol+Concentration&rft.volume=50&rft.pages=188&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Noval&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft.au=Imwinkelreid%2C+Edward+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHip+flask+defence\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-4\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFJones1991\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Jones, A W (July 1991). \"Top Ten Defence Challenges among Drinking Drivers in Sweden\". <i>Medicine, Science and the Law</i>. <b>31</b> (3): <span class=\"nowrap\">229–</span>238. <a href=\"/wiki/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\">doi</a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002580249103100307\">10.1177/002580249103100307</a>. <a href=\"/wiki/PMID_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"PMID (identifier)\">PMID</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1822585\">1822585</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medicine%2C+Science+and+the+Law&rft.atitle=Top+Ten+Defence+Challenges+among+Drinking+Drivers+in+Sweden&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E229-%3C%2Fspan%3E238&rft.date=1991-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002580249103100307&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1822585&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=A+W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHip+flask+defence\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-5\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFIfflandJones2003\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Iffland, R; Jones, A W (January 2003). \"Evaluating Alleged Drinking After Driving – The Hip-Flask Defence: Part 2. Congener Analysis\". <i>Medicine, Science and the Law</i>. <b>43</b> (1): <span class=\"nowrap\">39–</span>68. <a href=\"/wiki/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\">doi</a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.1258%2Frsmmsl.43.1.39\">10.1258/rsmmsl.43.1.39</a>. <a href=\"/wiki/PMID_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"PMID (identifier)\">PMID</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12627679\">12627679</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medicine%2C+Science+and+the+Law&rft.atitle=Evaluating+Alleged+Drinking+After+Driving+%E2%80%93+The+Hip-Flask+Defence%3A+Part+2.+Congener+Analysis&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E39-%3C%2Fspan%3E68&rft.date=2003-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1258%2Frsmmsl.43.1.39&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12627679&rft.aulast=Iffland&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Jones%2C+A+W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHip+flask+defence\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n</ol></div></div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"External_links\">External links</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Hip_flask_defence&action=edit&section=2\" title=\"Edit section: External links\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation book cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.hampshire.police.uk/internet/advice-and-information/foi/fpp/document-library/02511.pdf\"><i>Hip Flask Defence</i></a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)</span>. Procedure. Vol. 02511. <a href=\"/wiki/Hampshire_Constabulary\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Hampshire Constabulary\">Hampshire Constabulary</a>. 13 August 2012<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">25 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hip+Flask+Defence&rft.series=Procedure&rft.pub=Hampshire+Constabulary&rft.date=2012-08-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hampshire.police.uk%2Finternet%2Fadvice-and-information%2Ffoi%2Ffpp%2Fdocument-library%2F02511.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHip+flask+defence\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.themotoringlaw.uk/hipflask-defence/\">Official Motoring Law advice</a></li></ul>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1129693374\">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol-related_crime\" title=\"Alcohol-related crime\">Alcohol-related<br /> crimes</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Drunk_driving\" title=\"Drunk driving\">Drunk driving</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol-related_traffic_crashes_in_the_United_States\" title=\"Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States\">Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Drunk_driving_in_the_United_States\" title=\"Drunk driving in the United States\">Drunk driving in the United States</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Moonshine\" title=\"Moonshine\">Moonshine</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Bathtub_gin\" title=\"Bathtub gin\">Bathtub gin</a></li></ul></li>\n<li>Prison alcohol\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/P%C3%A1jaro_verde\" title=\"Pájaro verde\">Pájaro verde</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pruno\" title=\"Pruno\">Pruno</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Public_intoxication\" title=\"Public intoxication\">Public intoxication</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rum-running\" title=\"Rum-running\">Rum-running</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sly-grog_shop\" title=\"Sly-grog shop\">Sly-grog shop</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Wine_fraud\" title=\"Wine fraud\">Wine fraud</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Alcoholism\" title=\"Alcoholism\">Alcoholism</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_and_Native_Americans\" title=\"Alcohol and Native Americans\">Alcohol and Native Americans</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcoholism_in_adolescence\" title=\"Alcoholism in adolescence\">Alcoholism in adolescence</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcoholism_in_family_systems\" title=\"Alcoholism in family systems\">Alcoholism in family systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcoholism_in_rural_Australia\" title=\"Alcoholism in rural Australia\">Alcoholism in rural Australia</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Collaborative_Study_on_the_Genetics_of_Alcoholism\" title=\"Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism\">Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Disease_theory_of_alcoholism\" title=\"Disease theory of alcoholism\">Disease theory of alcoholism</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/High-functioning_alcoholic\" title=\"High-functioning alcoholic\">High-functioning alcoholic</a> (HFA)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Seeing_pink_elephants\" title=\"Seeing pink elephants\">Seeing pink elephants</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Chemistry</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li>Beverage-specific\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Beer_chemistry\" title=\"Beer chemistry\">Beer chemistry</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Wine_chemistry\" title=\"Wine chemistry\">Wine chemistry</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Comparison_of_psychoactive_alcohols_in_alcoholic_drinks\" title=\"Comparison of psychoactive alcohols in alcoholic drinks\">Comparison of psychoactive alcohols in alcoholic drinks</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Congener_(beverages)\" title=\"Congener (beverages)\">Congener</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_congener_analysis\" title=\"Alcohol congener analysis\">Alcohol congener analysis</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ethanol\" title=\"Ethanol\">Ethanol</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Blood_alcohol_content\" title=\"Blood alcohol content\">Blood alcohol content</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Fusel_alcohol\" title=\"Fusel alcohol\">Fusel alcohol</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Effects</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Short-term_effects_of_alcohol_consumption\" title=\"Short-term effects of alcohol consumption\">Short-term effects of alcohol consumption</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_alcohol\" title=\"Long-term effects of alcohol\">Long-term effects of alcohol</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pharmacology_of_ethanol\" title=\"Pharmacology of ethanol\">Pharmacology of ethanol</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Subjective_response_to_alcohol\" title=\"Subjective response to alcohol\">Subjective response to alcohol</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Adverse effects</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Hangxiety\" title=\"Hangxiety\">Anxiety</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Impact_of_alcohol_on_aging\" title=\"Impact of alcohol on aging\">Aging</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Long-term_impact_of_alcohol_on_the_brain\" title=\"Long-term impact of alcohol on the brain\">Brain</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_and_cancer\" title=\"Alcohol and cancer\">Cancer</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_and_breast_cancer\" title=\"Alcohol and breast cancer\">breast cancer</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_and_cortisol\" title=\"Alcohol and cortisol\">Cortisol</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Effects_of_alcohol_on_memory\" title=\"Effects of alcohol on memory\">Memory</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_and_pregnancy\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Alcohol and pregnancy\">Pregnancy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_use_and_sleep\" title=\"Alcohol use and sleep\">Sleep</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_tolerance\" title=\"Alcohol tolerance\">Tolerance</a>/<a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_intolerance\" title=\"Alcohol intolerance\">intolerance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_and_weight\" title=\"Alcohol and weight\">Weight</a></li>\n<li>Beverage-specific\n<ul><li>Beer: <a href=\"/wiki/Potomania\" title=\"Potomania\">Potomania</a></li>\n<li>Wine: <a href=\"/wiki/Red_wine_headache\" title=\"Red wine headache\">Red wine headache</a></li></ul></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Social_issues\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Social issues\">Social issues</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li>Adulterated alcohol\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Moonshine#Adulterated_moonshine\" title=\"Moonshine\">Adulterated moonshine</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Denatured_alcohol\" title=\"Denatured alcohol\">Denatured alcohol</a> (<a href=\"/wiki/List_of_methanol_poisoning_incidents\" title=\"List of methanol poisoning incidents\">List of methanol poisoning incidents</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Surrogate_alcohol\" title=\"Surrogate alcohol\">Surrogate alcohol</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_abuse\" title=\"Alcohol abuse\">Alcohol abuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_advertising\" title=\"Alcohol advertising\">Alcohol advertising</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_advertising_on_college_campuses\" title=\"Alcohol advertising on college campuses\">on college campuses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_and_sex\" title=\"Alcohol and sex\">Sex</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Beer_goggles\" title=\"Beer goggles\">Beer goggles</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_myopia\" title=\"Alcohol myopia\">Alcohol myopia</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_in_association_football\" title=\"Alcohol in association football\">Alcohol in association football</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_use_among_college_students\" title=\"Alcohol use among college students\">Alcohol use among college students</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Binge_drinking\" title=\"Binge drinking\">Binge drinking</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Austrian_syndrome\" title=\"Austrian syndrome\">Austrian syndrome</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_intoxication\" title=\"Alcohol intoxication\">Alcohol intoxication</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Epidemiology_of_binge_drinking\" title=\"Epidemiology of binge drinking\">Epidemiology of binge drinking</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Holiday_heart_syndrome\" title=\"Holiday heart syndrome\">Holiday heart syndrome</a></li>\n<li>Problematic alcoholic products\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_powder\" title=\"Alcohol powder\">Alcohol powder</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcopop\" title=\"Alcopop\">Alcopop</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Borg_(drink)\" title=\"Borg (drink)\">Borg</a></li>\n<li>Low-cost alcohol\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Flavored_fortified_wine\" title=\"Flavored fortified wine\">Flavored fortified wine</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)#Stimulants\" title=\"Alcohol (drug)\">Polysubstance alcoholic drinks</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Caffeinated_alcoholic_drink\" title=\"Caffeinated alcoholic drink\">Caffeinated alcoholic drink</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Coca_wine\" title=\"Coca wine\">Coca wine</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nicotini\" title=\"Nicotini\">Nicotini</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Zapoy\" title=\"Zapoy\">Zapoy</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Blackout_(drug-related_amnesia)\" title=\"Blackout (drug-related amnesia)\">Blackout</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Blackout_Wednesday\" title=\"Blackout Wednesday\">Blackout Wednesday</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Drinking_game\" title=\"Drinking game\">Drinking game</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_drinking_games\" title=\"List of drinking games\">list</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pregaming\" title=\"Pregaming\">Pregaming</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Drinking_in_public\" title=\"Drinking in public\">Drinking in public</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Drunk_walking\" title=\"Drunk walking\">Drunk walking</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Drunkorexia\" title=\"Drunkorexia\">Drunkorexia</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dry_drunk\" title=\"Dry drunk\">Dry drunk</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dutch_courage\" title=\"Dutch courage\">Dutch courage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Flaming_drink\" title=\"Flaming drink\">Flaming drink</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Hair_of_the_dog\" title=\"Hair of the dog\">Hair of the dog</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Hurtful_communication#Alcohol\" title=\"Hurtful communication\">Hurtful communication</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Drunk_dialing\" title=\"Drunk dialing\">Drunk dialing</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/In_vino_veritas\" title=\"In vino veritas\"><i>In vino veritas</i></a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nightcap_(drink)\" title=\"Nightcap (drink)\">Nightcap</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pantsdrunk\" title=\"Pantsdrunk\">Pantsdrunk</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Passive_drinking\" title=\"Passive drinking\">Passive drinking</a></li>\n<li>Binge drinking devices\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Beer_bong\" title=\"Beer bong\">Beer bong</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Yard_of_ale\" title=\"Yard of ale\">Yard of ale</a></li></ul></li>\n<li>Routes of administration\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_enema\" title=\"Alcohol enema\">Alcohol enema</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_inhalation\" title=\"Alcohol inhalation\">Alcohol inhalation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Vodka_eyeballing\" title=\"Vodka eyeballing\">Vodka eyeballing</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sconcing\" title=\"Sconcing\">Sconcing</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">History</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Andrew_Johnson_alcoholism_debate\" title=\"Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate\">Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dionysian_Mysteries\" title=\"Dionysian Mysteries\">Dionysian Mysteries</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dipsomania\" title=\"Dipsomania\">Dipsomania</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gilbert_Paul_Jordan\" title=\"Gilbert Paul Jordan\">Gilbert Paul Jordan</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gin_Craze\" title=\"Gin Craze\">Gin Craze</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_deaths_through_alcohol\" title=\"List of deaths through alcohol\">List of deaths through alcohol</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rum_ration\" title=\"Rum ration\">Rum ration</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rum_Rebellion\" title=\"Rum Rebellion\">Rum Rebellion</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Shebeen\" title=\"Shebeen\">Shebeen</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Six_o%27clock_swill\" title=\"Six o'clock swill\">Six o'clock swill</a></li>\n<li>Illegal drinking establishments\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Nip_joint\" title=\"Nip joint\">Nip joint</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Speakeasy\" title=\"Speakeasy\">Speakeasy</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion\" title=\"Whiskey Rebellion\">Whiskey Rebellion</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">General</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage\" title=\"Alcoholic beverage\">Alcoholic beverage</a></li>\n<li>Beer\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Beer_mile\" title=\"Beer mile\">Beer mile</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/International_Beer_Day\" title=\"International Beer Day\">International Beer Day</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/International_Women%27s_Collaboration_Brew_Day\" title=\"International Women's Collaboration Brew Day\">International Women's Collaboration Brew Day</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Women_in_brewing\" title=\"Women in brewing\">Women in brewing</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Drinking_culture\" title=\"Drinking culture\">Drinking culture</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Ap%C3%A9ritif_and_digestif\" title=\"Apéritif and digestif\">Apéritif and digestif</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Hangover_remedies\" title=\"Hangover remedies\">Hangover remedies</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Health_effects_of_wine\" title=\"Health effects of wine\">Health effects of wine</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Wine_and_food_pairing\" title=\"Wine and food pairing\">Wine and food pairing</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Drunken_monkey_hypothesis\" title=\"Drunken monkey hypothesis\">Drunken monkey hypothesis</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ladies%27_night\" title=\"Ladies' night\">Ladies' night</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_alcohol_consumption_per_capita\" title=\"List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita\">List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_consumption_by_youth_in_the_United_States\" title=\"Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States\">Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_substances_used_in_rituals#Alcohol\" title=\"List of substances used in rituals\">Ritual use of alcohol</a></li>\n<li>Whiskey\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/International_whisk(e)y_day\" title=\"International whisk(e)y day\">International whisk(e)y day</a></li></ul></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Alcohol <br />control</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_law\" title=\"Alcohol law\">Alcohol law</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Administrative_License_Suspension\" title=\"Administrative License Suspension\">Administrative License Suspension</a> (ALS)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_(Minimum_Pricing)_(Scotland)_Act_2012\" title=\"Alcohol (Minimum Pricing) (Scotland) Act 2012\">Alcohol (Minimum Pricing) (Scotland) Act 2012</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_exclusion_laws\" title=\"Alcohol exclusion laws\">Alcohol exclusion laws</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_monopoly\" title=\"Alcohol monopoly\">Alcohol monopoly</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage_control_state\" title=\"Alcoholic beverage control state\">Alcoholic beverage control state</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_packaging_warning_messages\" title=\"Alcohol packaging warning messages\">Alcohol packaging warning messages</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ban_on_caffeinated_alcoholic_drinks_in_the_United_States\" title=\"Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States\">Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Drunk_driving_law_by_country\" title=\"Drunk driving law by country\">Drunk driving law by country</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/DWI_court\" title=\"DWI court\">DWI court</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Field_sobriety_testing\" title=\"Field sobriety testing\">Field sobriety testing</a></li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Hip flask defence</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ignition_interlock_device\" title=\"Ignition interlock device\">Ignition interlock device</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dry_county\" title=\"Dry county\">Dry county</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_dry_communities_by_U.S._state\" title=\"List of dry communities by U.S. state\">List of dry communities by U.S. state</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Last_call\" title=\"Last call\">Last call</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Legal_drinking_age\" title=\"Legal drinking age\">Legal drinking age</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Legal_drinking_age_in_the_United_States\" title=\"Legal drinking age in the United States\">Legal drinking age in the United States</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Shoulder_tap_(alcohol)\" title=\"Shoulder tap (alcohol)\">Shoulder tap</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_alcohol_laws_of_the_United_States\" title=\"List of alcohol laws of the United States\">List of alcohol laws of US</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Prohibition\" title=\"Prohibition\">Alcohol prohibition</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_with_alcohol_prohibition\" title=\"List of countries with alcohol prohibition\">List of countries with alcohol prohibition</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Neo-prohibitionism\" title=\"Neo-prohibitionism\">Neo-prohibitionism</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Temperance_movement\" title=\"Temperance movement\">Temperance movement</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Sobriety\" title=\"Sobriety\">Sobriety</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_detoxification\" title=\"Alcohol detoxification\">Alcohol detoxification</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol-free_zone\" title=\"Alcohol-free zone\">Alcohol-free zone</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Dry_campus\" title=\"Dry campus\">Dry campus</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Open-container_law\" title=\"Open-container law\">Open-container law</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Brief_intervention\" title=\"Brief intervention\">Brief intervention</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Designated_driver\" title=\"Designated driver\">Designated driver</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Drug_rehabilitation\" title=\"Drug rehabilitation\">Alcohol rehabilitation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Drunk_tank\" title=\"Drunk tank\">Drunk tank</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Managed_alcohol_program\" title=\"Managed alcohol program\">Managed alcohol program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Non-alcoholic_drink\" title=\"Non-alcoholic drink\">Non-alcoholic drink</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_non-alcoholic_cocktails\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"List of non-alcoholic cocktails\">List of cocktails</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_non-alcoholic_mixed_drinks\" title=\"List of non-alcoholic mixed drinks\">List of mixed drinks</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Spritzer#Non-alcoholic_spritzer\" title=\"Spritzer\">Spritzer</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Malt_drink#Non-alcoholic_malt_drinks\" title=\"Malt drink\">Malt drinks</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Teetotalism\" title=\"Teetotalism\">Teetotalism</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Temperance_bar\" title=\"Temperance bar\">Temperance bar</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Temperance_and_Good_Citizenship_Day\" title=\"Temperance and Good Citizenship Day\">Temperance and Good Citizenship Day</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_twelve-step_groups\" title=\"List of twelve-step groups\">Twelve-step groups</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Al-Anon/Alateen\" title=\"Al-Anon/Alateen\">Al-Anon/Alateen</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcoholics_Anonymous\" title=\"Alcoholics Anonymous\">Alcoholics Anonymous</a> (AA):</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Adult_Children_of_Alcoholics\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Adult Children of Alcoholics\">Adult Children of Alcoholics</a> (ACA)</li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sober_companion\" title=\"Sober companion\">Sober companion</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sober_curious\" title=\"Sober curious\">Sober curious</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sober_living_house\" title=\"Sober living house\">Sober living house</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sobering_center\" title=\"Sobering center\">Sobering center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sobrietol\" title=\"Sobrietol\">Sobrietol</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Quit_lit_(alcohol_cessation)\" title=\"Quit lit (alcohol cessation)\">Quit lit</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Alcohol limitation</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/0-0-1-3\" title=\"0-0-1-3\">0-0-1-3</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_consumption_recommendations\" title=\"Alcohol consumption recommendations\">Alcohol consumption recommendations</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_education\" title=\"Alcohol education\">Alcohol education</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_server_training\" title=\"Alcohol server training\">Alcohol server training</a></li>\n<li>Monitoring\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Breathalyzer\" title=\"Breathalyzer\">Breathalyzer</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Electronic_tagging#Sweat_alcohol_content_monitor\" title=\"Electronic tagging\">Sweat alcohol content monitor</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Brief_intervention#FRAMES\" title=\"Brief intervention\">FRAMES</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Foundation_for_Advancing_Alcohol_Responsibility\" title=\"Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility\">Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility</a></li>\n<li>Campaigns\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Dry_January\" title=\"Dry January\">Dry January</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dry_July\" title=\"Dry July\">Dry July</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Get_Your_Sexy_Back\" title=\"Get Your Sexy Back\">Get Your Sexy Back</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ocsober\" title=\"Ocsober\">Ocsober</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Liquor_license\" title=\"Liquor license\">Liquor license</a></li>\n<li>Low-alcohol drinks\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Fermented_tea\" title=\"Fermented tea\">Fermented tea</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Low-alcohol_beer\" title=\"Low-alcohol beer\">Low-alcohol beer</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Malt_drink#Low-alcoholic_malt_drinks\" title=\"Malt drink\">Low-alcoholic malt drinks</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Small_beer\" title=\"Small beer\">Small beer</a></li></ul></li>\n<li>Measurement\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcoholic_spirits_measure\" title=\"Alcoholic spirits measure\">Alcoholic spirits measure</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Standard_drink\" title=\"Standard drink\">Standard drink</a></li></ul></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Addiction_medicine\" title=\"Addiction medicine\">Addiction medicine</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Benzodiazepine\" title=\"Benzodiazepine\">Benzodiazepines</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Chlordiazepoxide\" title=\"Chlordiazepoxide\">Chlordiazepoxide</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Disulfiram-like_drug\" title=\"Disulfiram-like drug\">Disulfiram-like drugs</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Disulfiram\" title=\"Disulfiram\">Disulfiram</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Calcium_carbimide\" title=\"Calcium carbimide\">Calcium carbimide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Cyanamide\" title=\"Cyanamide\">Cyanamide</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/General_anaesthetic\" title=\"General anaesthetic\">General anaesthetics</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Nitrous_oxide_(medication)\" title=\"Nitrous oxide (medication)\">Nitrous oxide</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sulfonic_acid\" title=\"Sulfonic acid\">Sulfonic acids</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Acamprosate\" title=\"Acamprosate\">Acamprosate</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Homotaurine\" title=\"Homotaurine\">Homotaurine</a></li></ul></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Religion_and_alcohol\" title=\"Religion and alcohol\">Religion and alcohol</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Christian_views_on_alcohol\" title=\"Christian views on alcohol\">Christian views on alcohol</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_in_the_Bible\" title=\"Alcohol in the Bible\">Alcohol in the Bible</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Khamr\" title=\"Khamr\">Islam and alcohol</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">History</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Beer_Street_and_Gin_Lane\" title=\"Beer Street and Gin Lane\"><i>Beer Street</i> and <i>Gin Lane</i></a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bratt_System\" title=\"Bratt System\">Bratt System</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dry_state\" title=\"Dry state\">Dry state</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gin_Act_1751\" title=\"Gin Act 1751\">Gin Act 1751</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Medicinal_Liquor_Prescriptions_Act_of_1933\" title=\"Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933\">Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Related</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Index_of_alcohol-related_articles\" title=\"Index of alcohol-related articles\">Index of alcohol-related articles</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alcohol_and_spaceflight\" title=\"Alcohol and spaceflight\">Alcohol and spaceflight</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gateway_drug_effect\" title=\"Gateway drug effect\">Gateway drug effect</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mood_disorder\" title=\"Mood disorder\">Mood disorder</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Non-alcoholic_fatty_liver_disease\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease\">Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Self-medication\" title=\"Self-medication\">Self-medication</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Spins\" title=\"Spins\">Spins</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Town_drunk\" title=\"Town drunk\">Town drunk</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/French_paradox\" title=\"French paradox\">French paradox</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow hlist\" colspan=\"2\"><div>\n<ul><li><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span title=\"Category\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" 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class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-toc\" class=\"vector-toc vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"toc-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-toc\"\n\t\n\t\n>\n\t<h2 class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Contents</h2>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin\">move to sidebar</button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin\">hide</button>\n</div>\n\n\n\t<ul class=\"vector-toc-contents\" id=\"mw-panel-toc-list\">\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-mw-content-text\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"vector-toc-link\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">(Top)</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Plot\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Plot\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Plot</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Plot-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n\t<li id=\"toc-Cast\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Cast\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Cast</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Cast-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n\t<li id=\"toc-References\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#References\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">3</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>References</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-References-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n\t<li id=\"toc-External_links\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#External_links\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>External links</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-External_links-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</div>\n\t\t<div class=\"mw-content-container\">\n\t\t\t<main id=\"content\" class=\"mw-body\">\n\t\t\t\t<header class=\"mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Contents\" class=\"vector-toc-landmark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox \" aria-label=\"Toggle the table of contents\" >\n\t<label id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-label\" for=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only \" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Toggle the table of contents</span>\n\t</label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading mw-first-heading\"><i>1, 2, 3, Sun</i></h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"p-lang-btn-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector\" aria-label=\"Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages\" >\n\t<label id=\"p-lang-btn-label\" for=\"p-lang-btn-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15\" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">15 languages</span>\n\t</label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7,_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0,_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B..._%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%80%D1%8B!\" title=\"Раз, два, тры... замры! – Belarusian\" lang=\"be\" hreflang=\"be\" data-title=\"Раз, два, тры... замры!\" data-language-autonym=\"Беларуская\" data-language-local-name=\"Belarusian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cukr,_k%C3%A1va,_limon%C3%A1da\" title=\"Cukr, káva, limonáda – Czech\" lang=\"cs\" hreflang=\"cs\" data-title=\"Cukr, káva, limonáda\" data-language-autonym=\"Čeština\" data-language-local-name=\"Czech\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un,_Deux,_Trois,_Soleil\" title=\"Un, Deux, Trois, Soleil – Welsh\" lang=\"cy\" hreflang=\"cy\" data-title=\"Un, Deux, Trois, Soleil\" data-language-autonym=\"Cymraeg\" data-language-local-name=\"Welsh\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un,_deux,_trois,_soleil\" title=\"Un, deux, trois, soleil – Spanish\" lang=\"es\" hreflang=\"es\" data-title=\"Un, deux, trois, soleil\" data-language-autonym=\"Español\" data-language-local-name=\"Spanish\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%D8%8C_%DB%B2%D8%8C_%DB%B3%D8%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF\" title=\"۱، ۲، ۳، خورشید – Persian\" lang=\"fa\" hreflang=\"fa\" data-title=\"۱، ۲، ۳، خورشید\" data-language-autonym=\"فارسی\" data-language-local-name=\"Persian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un,_deux,_trois,_soleil_(film)\" title=\"Un, deux, trois, soleil (film) – French\" lang=\"fr\" hreflang=\"fr\" data-title=\"Un, deux, trois, soleil (film)\" data-language-autonym=\"Français\" data-language-local-name=\"French\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,_2,_3_%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91\" title=\"1, 2, 3 태양 – Korean\" lang=\"ko\" hreflang=\"ko\" data-title=\"1, 2, 3 태양\" data-language-autonym=\"한국어\" data-language-local-name=\"Korean\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uno,_due,_tre,_stella!_(film)\" title=\"Uno, due, tre, stella! (film) – Italian\" lang=\"it\" hreflang=\"it\" data-title=\"Uno, due, tre, stella! (film)\" data-language-autonym=\"Italiano\" data-language-local-name=\"Italian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un,_deux,_trois,_soleil_(fim)\" title=\"Un, deux, trois, soleil (fim) – Haitian Creole\" lang=\"ht\" hreflang=\"ht\" data-title=\"Un, deux, trois, soleil (fim)\" data-language-autonym=\"Kreyòl ayisyen\" data-language-local-name=\"Haitian Creole\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un,_deux,_trois,_soleil\" title=\"Un, deux, trois, soleil – Dutch\" lang=\"nl\" hreflang=\"nl\" data-title=\"Un, deux, trois, soleil\" data-language-autonym=\"Nederlands\" data-language-local-name=\"Dutch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un,_deux,_trois,_soleil\" title=\"Un, deux, trois, soleil – Portuguese\" lang=\"pt\" hreflang=\"pt\" data-title=\"Un, deux, trois, soleil\" data-language-autonym=\"Português\" data-language-local-name=\"Portuguese\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7,_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0,_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8..._%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B8!\" title=\"Раз, два, три... замри! – Russian\" lang=\"ru\" hreflang=\"ru\" data-title=\"Раз, два, три... замри!\" data-language-autonym=\"Русский\" data-language-local-name=\"Russian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,_2,_3,_aurinko\" title=\"1, 2, 3, aurinko – Finnish\" lang=\"fi\" hreflang=\"fi\" data-title=\"1, 2, 3, aurinko\" data-language-autonym=\"Suomi\" data-language-local-name=\"Finnish\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un,_deux,_trois,_soleil\" title=\"Un, deux, trois, soleil – Turkish\" lang=\"tr\" hreflang=\"tr\" data-title=\"Un, deux, trois, soleil\" data-language-autonym=\"Türkçe\" data-language-local-name=\"Turkish\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un,_deux,_trois,_soleil\" title=\"Un, deux, trois, soleil – Vietnamese\" lang=\"vi\" hreflang=\"vi\" data-title=\"Un, deux, trois, soleil\" data-language-autonym=\"Tiếng Việt\" data-language-local-name=\"Vietnamese\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li>\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"after-portlet after-portlet-lang\"><span class=\"wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link\"><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2601067#sitelinks-wikipedia\" title=\"Edit interlanguage links\" class=\"wbc-editpage\">Edit links</a></span></div>\n\t\t</div>\n\n\t</div>\n</div>\n</header>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-page-toolbar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-page-toolbar-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"left-navigation\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Namespaces\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"p-associated-pages\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"ca-nstab-main\" class=\"selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/1,_2,_3,_Sun\" title=\"View the content page [c]\" accesskey=\"c\"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id=\"ca-talk\" class=\"vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Talk:1,_2,_3,_Sun\" rel=\"discussion\" title=\"Discuss improvements to the content page [t]\" accesskey=\"t\"><span>Talk</span></a></li>\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"vector-variants-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown emptyPortlet\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox \" aria-label=\"Change language variant\" >\n\t<label id=\"vector-variants-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet\" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">English</span>\n\t</label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"p-variants\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"right-navigation\" class=\"vector-collapsible\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Views\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"p-views\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"ca-view\" class=\"selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/1,_2,_3,_Sun\"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id=\"ca-edit\" class=\"vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=1,_2,_3,_Sun&action=edit\" title=\"Edit this page [e]\" accesskey=\"e\"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id=\"ca-history\" class=\"vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=1,_2,_3,_Sun&action=history\" title=\"Past revisions of this page [h]\" accesskey=\"h\"><span>View history</span></a></li>\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-page-tools-landmark\" aria-label=\"Page tools\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"vector-page-tools-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox \" aria-label=\"Tools\" >\n\t<label id=\"vector-page-tools-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet\" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Tools</span>\n\t</label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-page-tools-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"vector-page-tools\" class=\"vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"page-tools-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-page-tools\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-page-tools-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-page-tools-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<div class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Tools</div>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin\">move to sidebar</button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin\">hide</button>\n</div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"p-cactions\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items\" title=\"More options\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tActions\n\t</div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"ca-more-view\" class=\"selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/1,_2,_3,_Sun\"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id=\"ca-more-edit\" class=\"vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=1,_2,_3,_Sun&action=edit\" title=\"Edit this page [e]\" accesskey=\"e\"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id=\"ca-more-history\" class=\"vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=1,_2,_3,_Sun&action=history\"><span>View history</span></a></li>\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n<div id=\"p-tb\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tGeneral\n\t</div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"t-whatlinkshere\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a 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class=\"vector-body-before-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mw-indicators\">\n\t\t</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"siteSub\" class=\"noprint\">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"contentSub\"><div id=\"mw-content-subtitle\"></div></div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-body-content\"><div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><div class=\"shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux\" style=\"display:none\">1993 film</div>\n<p class=\"mw-empty-elt\">\n</p>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1257001546\">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class=\"infobox vevent\"><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-above summary\" style=\"font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;\">1, 2, 3, Sun</th></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-image\"><span class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Frameless\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:1,_2,_3,_Sun_poster.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/1%2C_2%2C_3%2C_Sun_poster.jpg/220px-1%2C_2%2C_3%2C_Sun_poster.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"303\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4c/1%2C_2%2C_3%2C_Sun_poster.jpg 1.5x\" data-file-width=\"269\" data-file-height=\"371\" /></a></span><div class=\"infobox-caption\">Theatrical release poster</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\" style=\"white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;\">Directed by</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/Bertrand_Blier\" title=\"Bertrand Blier\">Bertrand Blier</a></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\" style=\"white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;\">Written by</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">Bertrand Blier</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\" style=\"white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;\">Produced by</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/Patrice_Ledoux\" title=\"Patrice Ledoux\">Patrice Ledoux</a></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\" style=\"white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;\">Starring</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/Anouk_Grinberg\" title=\"Anouk Grinberg\">Anouk Grinberg</a><br /><a href=\"/wiki/Marcello_Mastroianni\" title=\"Marcello Mastroianni\">Marcello Mastroianni</a><br /><a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Marielle\" title=\"Jean-Pierre Marielle\">Jean-Pierre Marielle</a></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\" style=\"white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;\">Cinematography</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">Gérard de Battista</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\" style=\"white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;\">Edited by</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">Claudine Merlin</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\" style=\"white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;\">Music by</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/Khaled_(musician)\" title=\"Khaled (musician)\">Khaled</a></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\" style=\"white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;\"><div style=\"display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;\">Production<br />companies</div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><div style=\"vertical-align: middle;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Gaumont_Film_Company\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Gaumont Film Company\">Gaumont</a><br />Ciné Valse<br /><a href=\"/wiki/France_3_Cin%C3%A9ma\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"France 3 Cinéma\">France 3 Cinéma</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\" style=\"white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;\">Distributed by</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/Gaumont_Buena_Vista_International\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Gaumont Buena Vista International\">Gaumont Buena Vista International</a></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\" style=\"white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;\"><div style=\"display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;\">Release date</div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1126788409\">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class=\"plainlist film-date\">\n<ul><li>18 August 1993<span style=\"display:none\"> (<span class=\"bday dtstart published updated itvstart\">1993-08-18</span>)</span></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\" style=\"white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;\"><div style=\"display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;\">Running time</div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">104 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\" style=\"white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;\">Country</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">France</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\" style=\"white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;\">Language</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">French</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\" style=\"white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;\">Budget</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">$9 million</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\" style=\"white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;\">Box office</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">$3.1 million<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table>\n<p><i><b>1, 2, 3, Sun</b></i> (<a href=\"/wiki/French_language\" title=\"French language\">French</a>: <i lang=\"fr\"><b>Un, deux, trois, soleil</b></i>) is a 1993 French <a href=\"/wiki/Surrealism\" title=\"Surrealism\">surrealist</a> <a href=\"/wiki/Black_comedy\" title=\"Black comedy\">black comedy</a> film directed by <a href=\"/wiki/Bertrand_Blier\" title=\"Bertrand Blier\">Bertrand Blier</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-NY_Times.com_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-NY_Times.com-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> The title of the film corresponds to the French name for the <a href=\"/wiki/Statues_(game)\" title=\"Statues (game)\">\"Statues\" children's game</a>.\n</p>\n<meta property=\"mw:PageProp/toc\" />\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Plot\">Plot</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=1,_2,_3,_Sun&action=edit&section=1\" title=\"Edit section: Plot\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>In an impoverished district of Marseille, full of tower blocks populated by people from many parts of Africa and elsewhere, Victorine is growing up with an inadequate mother and an alcoholic father, who keeps giving her half-brothers and half-sisters. She loves him nonetheless, wishing that he would give up drinking and stay home. Well aware of what puberty entails, she is being serially initiated in an abandoned car by a gang of unemployed youths when she cries out that the first time should have some affection and romance. In which case, they say, you need Petit Paul. Treating her tenderly, he becomes her first love but his career as a burglar is cut short when he is shot by an enraged householder. After exposing herself to a solitary man on a train, he declares that he has fallen in love with her. This is Maurice, whose love never wavers and who marries her.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Cast\">Cast</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=1,_2,_3,_Sun&action=edit&section=2\" title=\"Edit section: Cast\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Anouk_Grinberg\" title=\"Anouk Grinberg\">Anouk Grinberg</a> as Victorine</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Myriam_Boyer\" title=\"Myriam Boyer\">Myriam Boyer</a> as Daniela Laspada (the mother)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Olivier_Martinez\" title=\"Olivier Martinez\">Olivier Martinez</a> as Petit (\"Little\") Paul</li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Jean-Michel_Noirey&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Jean-Michel Noirey (page does not exist)\">Jean-Michel Noirey</a><span class=\"noprint\" style=\"font-size:85%; font-style: normal;\"> [<a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Michel_Noirey\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"fr:Jean-Michel Noirey\">fr</a>]</span> as Maurice Le Garrec</li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Denise_Chalem&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Denise Chalem (page does not exist)\">Denise Chalem</a><span class=\"noprint\" style=\"font-size:85%; font-style: normal;\"> [<a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denise_Chalem\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"fr:Denise Chalem\">fr</a>]</span> as school teacher</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Marielle\" title=\"Jean-Pierre Marielle\">Jean-Pierre Marielle</a> as the lonely man</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89va_Darlan\" title=\"Éva Darlan\">Éva Darlan</a> as Jeanine</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Claude_Brasseur\" title=\"Claude Brasseur\">Claude Brasseur</a> as the bad guy</li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Ir%C3%A8ne_Tassembedo&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Irène Tassembedo (page does not exist)\">Irène Tassembedo</a><span class=\"noprint\" style=\"font-size:85%; font-style: normal;\"> [<a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Tassembedo\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"fr:Irène Tassembedo\">fr</a>]</span> as Gladys Boigny</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Patrick_Bouchitey\" title=\"Patrick Bouchitey\">Patrick Bouchitey</a> as Marcel (the barkeeper)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Marcello_Mastroianni\" title=\"Marcello Mastroianni\">Marcello Mastroianni</a> as Constantin Laspada (the father)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Charles_Schneider_(actor)&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Charles Schneider (actor) (page does not exist)\">Charles Schneider (actor)</a><span class=\"noprint\" style=\"font-size:85%; font-style: normal;\"> [<a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Schneider_(acteur)\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"fr:Charles Schneider (acteur)\">fr</a>]</span> as Sergeant Boigny</li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"References\">References</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=1,_2,_3,_Sun&action=edit&section=3\" title=\"Edit section: References\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1239543626\">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class=\"reflist\">\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap\"><ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-1\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1238218222\">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"'\"\"'\"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg\")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=4590\">\"1,2,3 soleil\"</a>. <i>JP's Box-Office</i>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JP%27s+Box-Office&rft.atitle=1%2C2%2C3+soleil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpbox-office.com%2Ffichfilm.php%3Fid%3D4590&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1%2C+2%2C+3%2C+Sun\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-NY_Times.com-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-NY_Times.com_2-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120225190123/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/167938/Un-Deux-Trois-Soleil/details\">\"NY Times: 1, 2, 3, Sun\"</a>. Movies & TV Dept. <i><a href=\"/wiki/The_New_York_Times\" title=\"The New York Times\">The New York Times</a></i>. 2012. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/167938/Un-Deux-Trois-Soleil/details\">the original</a> on 25 February 2012<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=NY+Times%3A+1%2C+2%2C+3%2C+Sun&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmovies.nytimes.com%2Fmovie%2F167938%2FUn-Deux-Trois-Soleil%2Fdetails&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1%2C+2%2C+3%2C+Sun\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n</ol></div></div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"External_links\">External links</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=1,_2,_3,_Sun&action=edit&section=4\" title=\"Edit section: External links\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0108435/\"><i>1, 2, 3, Sun</i></a> at <a href=\"/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"IMDb (identifier)\">IMDb</a> <span class=\"mw-valign-text-top noprint\" typeof=\"mw:File/Frameless\"><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601067#P345\" title=\"Edit this at Wikidata\"><img alt=\"Edit this at Wikidata\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"20\" data-file-height=\"20\" /></a></span></li></ul>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1129693374\">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:\" (\";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:\")\";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Films_directed_by_Bertrand_Blier\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1239400231\">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:\"[ \"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:\" ]\"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template:Bertrand_Blier\" title=\"Template:Bertrand Blier\"><abbr title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template_talk:Bertrand_Blier\" title=\"Template talk:Bertrand Blier\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bertrand_Blier\" title=\"Special:EditPage/Template:Bertrand Blier\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Films_directed_by_Bertrand_Blier\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\">Films directed by <a href=\"/wiki/Bertrand_Blier\" title=\"Bertrand Blier\">Bertrand Blier</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"2\"><div><a href=\"/wiki/Bertrand_Blier_filmography\" title=\"Bertrand Blier filmography\">Filmography</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><a href=\"/wiki/If_I_Were_a_Spy\" title=\"If I Were a Spy\">If I Were a Spy</a></i></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Going_Places_(1974_film)\" title=\"Going Places (1974 film)\">Going Places</a></i></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Calmos\" title=\"Calmos\">Calmos</a></i></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Get_Out_Your_Handkerchiefs\" title=\"Get Out Your Handkerchiefs\">Get Out Your Handkerchiefs</a></i></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Buffet_froid\" title=\"Buffet froid\">Buffet froid</a></i></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Beau_Pere\" title=\"Beau Pere\">Beau Pere</a></i></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/My_Best_Friend%27s_Girl_(1983_film)\" title=\"My Best Friend's Girl (1983 film)\">My Best Friend's Girl</a></i></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Our_Story_(film)\" title=\"Our Story (film)\">Our Story</a></i></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Evening_Dress_(film)\" title=\"Evening Dress (film)\">Evening Dress</a></i></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Too_Beautiful_for_You\" title=\"Too Beautiful for You\">Too Beautiful for You</a></i></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Merci_la_vie\" title=\"Merci la vie\">Merci la vie</a></i></li>\n<li><i><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">1, 2, 3, Sun</a></i></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/My_Man_(1996_film)\" title=\"My Man (1996 film)\">My Man</a></i></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Actors_(film)\" title=\"Actors (film)\">Actors</a></i></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Les_C%C3%B4telettes\" title=\"Les Côtelettes\">Les Côtelettes</a></i></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/How_Much_Do_You_Love_Me%3F\" title=\"How Much Do You Love Me?\">How Much Do You Love Me?</a></i></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/The_Clink_of_Ice\" title=\"The Clink of Ice\">The Clink of Ice</a></i></li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Heavy_Duty_(film)\" title=\"Heavy Duty (film)\">Heavy Duty</a></i></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235\"></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Golden_Osella_winning_films\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231\"><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template:Golden_Osella\" title=\"Template:Golden Osella\"><abbr title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template_talk:Golden_Osella\" title=\"Template talk:Golden Osella\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Osella\" title=\"Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Osella\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Golden_Osella_winning_films\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a href=\"/wiki/Golden_Osella\" title=\"Golden Osella\">Golden Osella</a> winning films</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><a href=\"/wiki/The_Gold_Rimmed_Glasses\" title=\"The Gold Rimmed Glasses\">The Gold Rimmed Glasses</a></i> (1987)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Hip_Hip_Hurrah!_(film)\" title=\"Hip Hip Hurrah! (film)\">Hip Hip Hurrah!</a></i> (1987)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/House_of_Games\" title=\"House of Games\">House of Games</a></i> (1987)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Maurice_(1987_film)\" title=\"Maurice (1987 film)\">Maurice</a></i> (1987)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/The_Black_Monk_(1988_film)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"The Black Monk (1988 film)\">The Black Monk</a></i> (1988)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Burning_Secret\" title=\"Burning Secret\">Burning Secret</a></i> (1988)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Women_on_the_Verge_of_a_Nervous_Breakdown\" title=\"Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown\">Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown</a></i> (1988)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Australia_(1989_film)\" title=\"Australia (1989 film)\">Australia</a></i> (1989)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/I_Want_to_Go_Home_(1989_film)\" title=\"I Want to Go Home (1989 film)\">I Want to Go Home</a></i> (1989)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Boys_on_the_Outside\" title=\"Boys on the Outside\">Boys on the Outside</a></i> (1990)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/No_Fear,_No_Die\" title=\"No Fear, No Die\">No Fear, No Die</a></i> (1990)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/The_Only_Witness\" title=\"The Only Witness\">The Only Witness</a></i> (1990)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Germany_Year_90_Nine_Zero\" title=\"Germany Year 90 Nine Zero\">Germany Year 90 Nine Zero</a></i> (1991)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Mississippi_Masala\" title=\"Mississippi Masala\">Mississippi Masala</a></i> (1991)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Scream_of_Stone\" title=\"Scream of Stone\">Scream of Stone</a></i> (1991)</li>\n<li><i><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">1, 2, 3, Sun</a></i> (1993)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Three_Colours:_Blue\" title=\"Three Colours: Blue\">Three Colours: Blue</a></i> (1993)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Ashes_of_Time\" title=\"Ashes of Time\">Ashes of Time</a></i> (1994)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Lamerica\" title=\"Lamerica\">Lamerica</a></i> (1994)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/The_Tit_and_the_Moon\" title=\"The Tit and the Moon\">The Tit and the Moon</a></i> (1994)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/In_the_Bleak_Midwinter_(film)\" title=\"In the Bleak Midwinter (film)\">In the Bleak Midwinter</a></i> (1995)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Maborosi\" title=\"Maborosi\">Maborosi</a></i> (1995)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Deep_Crimson\" title=\"Deep Crimson\">Deep Crimson</a></i> (1996)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Chinese_Box\" title=\"Chinese Box\">Chinese Box</a></i> (1997)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Dry_Cleaning_(film)\" title=\"Dry Cleaning (film)\">Dry Cleaning</a></i> (1997)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Ossos\" title=\"Ossos\">Ossos</a></i> (1997)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Autumn_Tale\" title=\"Autumn Tale\">Autumn Tale</a></i> (1998)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Shooting_the_Moon\" title=\"Shooting the Moon\">Shooting the Moon</a></i> (1998)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Howl%27s_Moving_Castle_(film)\" title=\"Howl's Moving Castle (film)\">Howl's Moving Castle</a></i> (2004)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Good_Night,_and_Good_Luck\" title=\"Good Night, and Good Luck\">Good Night, and Good Luck</a></i> (2005)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Regular_Lovers\" title=\"Regular Lovers\">Regular Lovers</a></i> (2005)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Children_of_Men\" title=\"Children of Men\">Children of Men</a></i> (2006)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/The_Queen_(2006_film)\" title=\"The Queen (2006 film)\">The Queen</a></i> (2006)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/It%27s_a_Free_World...\" title=\"It's a Free World...\">It's a Free World...</a></i> (2007)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Lust,_Caution\" title=\"Lust, Caution\">Lust, Caution</a></i> (2007)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Paper_Soldier\" title=\"Paper Soldier\">Paper Soldier</a></i> (2008)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Teza_(film)\" title=\"Teza (film)\">Teza</a></i> (2008)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Life_During_Wartime_(film)\" title=\"Life During Wartime (film)\">Life During Wartime</a></i> (2009)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Mr._Nobody_(film)\" title=\"Mr. Nobody (film)\">Mr. Nobody</a></i> (2009)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/The_Last_Circus\" title=\"The Last Circus\">The Last Circus</a></i> (2010)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Silent_Souls\" title=\"Silent Souls\">Silent Souls</a></i> (2010)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Alps_(film)\" title=\"Alps (film)\">Alps</a></i> (2011)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(2011_film)\" title=\"Wuthering Heights (2011 film)\">Wuthering Heights</a></i> (2011)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/It_Was_the_Son\" title=\"It Was the Son\">It Was the Son</a></i> (2012)</li>\n<li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Something_in_the_Air_(2012_film)\" title=\"Something in the Air (2012 film)\">Something in the Air</a></i> (2012)</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1263913190\">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role=\"note\" class=\"metadata plainlinks asbox stub\"><table role=\"presentation\"><tbody><tr class=\"noresize\"><td><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:France_film_clapperboard.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img alt=\"Stub icon\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/France_film_clapperboard.svg/29px-France_film_clapperboard.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"29\" height=\"30\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/France_film_clapperboard.svg/44px-France_film_clapperboard.svg.png 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You can help Wikipedia by <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1,_2,_3,_Sun&action=edit\">expanding it</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231\"><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template:1990s-France-film-stub\" title=\"Template:1990s-France-film-stub\"><abbr title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template_talk:1990s-France-film-stub\" title=\"Template talk:1990s-France-film-stub\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1990s-France-film-stub\" title=\"Special:EditPage/Template:1990s-France-film-stub\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐76ccb8c4bd‐fpk7l\nCached time: 20250104061733\nCache expiry: 3600\nReduced expiry: true\nComplications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc]\nCPU time usage: 0.484 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.628 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 1940/1000000\nPost‐expand include size: 38583/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 3771/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 23/100\nExpensive parser function count: 7/500\nUnstrip recursion depth: 1/20\nUnstrip post‐expand size: 29899/5000000 bytes\nLua time usage: 0.306/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 21613538/52428800 bytes\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400\n-->\n<!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 580.889 1 -total\n 18.90% 109.806 1 Template:Langx\n 18.20% 105.708 1 Template:Infobox_film\n 15.33% 89.077 1 Template:Reflist\n 15.01% 87.180 1 Template:Infobox\n 14.18% 82.373 1 Template:Bertrand_Blier\n 13.94% 80.952 2 Template:Navbox\n 13.24% 76.899 2 Template:Cite_web\n 11.33% 65.801 1 Template:Short_description\n 9.37% 54.450 1 Template:IMDb_title\n-->\n\n<!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:22256334:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250104061733 and revision id 1261549493. 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href=\"/wiki/Main_Page\" title=\"Visit the main page [z]\" accesskey=\"z\"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id=\"n-contents\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents\" title=\"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id=\"n-currentevents\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Portal:Current_events\" title=\"Articles related to current events\"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id=\"n-randompage\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:Random\" title=\"Visit a randomly selected article [x]\" accesskey=\"x\"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id=\"n-aboutsite\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:About\" title=\"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id=\"n-contactpage\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us\" title=\"How to contact Wikipedia\"><span>Contact us</span></a></li>\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t\n<div 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title=\"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\"><span>Upload file</span></a></li>\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t\n<a href=\"/wiki/Main_Page\" class=\"mw-logo\">\n\t<img class=\"mw-logo-icon\" src=\"/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"50\" width=\"50\">\n\t<span class=\"mw-logo-container skin-invert\">\n\t\t<img class=\"mw-logo-wordmark\" alt=\"Wikipedia\" src=\"/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg\" style=\"width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;\">\n\t\t<img class=\"mw-logo-tagline\" alt=\"The Free Encyclopedia\" src=\"/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg\" width=\"117\" height=\"13\" style=\"width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;\">\n\t</span>\n</a>\n\n\t\t</div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-header-end\">\n\t\t\t\n<div id=\"p-search\" role=\"search\" class=\"vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail 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Wikipedia\" aria-label=\"Search Wikipedia\" autocapitalize=\"sentences\" title=\"Search Wikipedia [f]\" accesskey=\"f\" id=\"searchInput\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon\"></span>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"title\" value=\"Special:Search\">\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button\">Search</button>\n\t\t\t</form>\n\t\t</div>\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide\" aria-label=\"Personal tools\">\n\t<div class=\"vector-user-links-main\">\n\t\n<div id=\"p-vector-user-menu-preferences\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"p-vector-user-menu-userpage\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t<nav class=\"vector-appearance-landmark\" aria-label=\"Appearance\">\n\t\t\n<div id=\"vector-appearance-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown \" title=\"Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox \" aria-label=\"Appearance\" >\n\t<label id=\"vector-appearance-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only \" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Appearance</span>\n\t</label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-appearance-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t</nav>\n\t\n<div id=\"p-vector-user-menu-notifications\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"p-vector-user-menu-overflow\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"pt-sitesupport-2\" class=\"user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item\"><a data-mw=\"interface\" href=\"https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en\" class=\"\"><span>Donate</span></a>\n</li>\n<li id=\"pt-createaccount-2\" class=\"user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item\"><a data-mw=\"interface\" href=\"/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Leah+Marangu\" title=\"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\" class=\"\"><span>Create account</span></a>\n</li>\n<li id=\"pt-login-2\" class=\"user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item\"><a data-mw=\"interface\" href=\"/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Leah+Marangu\" title=\"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]\" accesskey=\"o\" class=\"\"><span>Log in</span></a>\n</li>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t</div>\n\t\n<div id=\"vector-user-links-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out\" title=\"Log in and more options\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox \" aria-label=\"Personal tools\" >\n\t<label id=\"vector-user-links-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only \" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Personal tools</span>\n\t</label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\n<div id=\"p-personal\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item\" title=\"User menu\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"pt-sitesupport\" class=\"user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en\"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id=\"pt-createaccount\" class=\"user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Leah+Marangu\" title=\"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd\"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id=\"pt-login\" class=\"user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Leah+Marangu\" title=\"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]\" accesskey=\"o\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn\"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li>\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n<div id=\"p-user-menu-anon-editor\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tPages for logged out editors <a href=\"/wiki/Help:Introduction\" aria-label=\"Learn more about editing\"><span>learn more</span></a>\n\t</div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"pt-anoncontribs\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:MyContributions\" title=\"A list of edits made from this IP address [y]\" accesskey=\"y\"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id=\"pt-anontalk\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:MyTalk\" title=\"Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]\" accesskey=\"n\"><span>Talk</span></a></li>\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n</nav>\n\n\t\t</div>\n\t</header>\n</div>\n<div class=\"mw-page-container\">\n\t<div class=\"mw-page-container-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-sitenotice-container\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"siteNotice\"><!-- CentralNotice --></div>\n\t\t</div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-column-start\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-main-menu-container\">\n\t\t<div id=\"mw-navigation\">\n\t\t\t<nav id=\"mw-panel\" class=\"vector-main-menu-landmark\" aria-label=\"Site\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-main-menu-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</nav>\n\t\t</div>\n\t</div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<nav id=\"mw-panel-toc\" aria-label=\"Contents\" data-event-name=\"ui.sidebar-toc\" class=\"mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-toc-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-toc\" class=\"vector-toc vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"toc-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-toc\"\n\t\n\t\n>\n\t<h2 class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Contents</h2>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin\">move to sidebar</button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin\">hide</button>\n</div>\n\n\n\t<ul class=\"vector-toc-contents\" id=\"mw-panel-toc-list\">\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-mw-content-text\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"vector-toc-link\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">(Top)</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Education\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Education\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Education</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Education-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n\t<li id=\"toc-Career\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Career\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Career</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<button aria-controls=\"toc-Career-sublist\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand\"></span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Toggle Career subsection</span>\n\t\t\t</button>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Career-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"toc-Awards\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Awards\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2.1</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Awards</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Awards-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Publications\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Publications\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2.2</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Publications</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Publications-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Family\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Family\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2.3</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Family</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Family-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n\t<li id=\"toc-References\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#References\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">3</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>References</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-References-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n\t<li id=\"toc-External_links\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#External_links\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>External links</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-External_links-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</div>\n\t\t<div class=\"mw-content-container\">\n\t\t\t<main id=\"content\" class=\"mw-body\">\n\t\t\t\t<header class=\"mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Contents\" class=\"vector-toc-landmark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox \" aria-label=\"Toggle the table of contents\" >\n\t<label id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-label\" for=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only \" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Toggle the table of contents</span>\n\t</label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading mw-first-heading\"><span class=\"mw-page-title-main\">Leah Marangu</span></h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"p-lang-btn-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector\" aria-label=\"This article exist only in this language. 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vector-pinnable-header-pinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"appearance-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-appearance\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-appearance-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-appearance-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<div class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Appearance</div>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin\">move to sidebar</button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin\">hide</button>\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"bodyContent\" class=\"vector-body\" aria-labelledby=\"firstHeading\" data-mw-ve-target-container>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-body-before-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mw-indicators\">\n\t\t</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"siteSub\" class=\"noprint\">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"contentSub\"><div id=\"mw-content-subtitle\"></div></div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-body-content\"><div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><div class=\"shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux\" style=\"display:none\">Kenyan scholar</div>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1257001546\">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class=\"infobox biography vcard\"><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-above\" style=\"font-size:125%;\"><div class=\"fn\">Leah Marangu</div><div class=\"honorific-suffix\" style=\"font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;\">MBS, EBS</div></th></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Born</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><div style=\"display:inline\" class=\"nickname\">Leah Marangu</div><br /><span style=\"display:none\"> (<span class=\"bday\">1952-07-02</span>) </span>2 July 1952<span class=\"noprint ForceAgeToShow\"> (age 72)</span><br /><div style=\"display:inline\" class=\"birthplace\"><a href=\"/wiki/South_Imenti_Constituency\" title=\"South Imenti Constituency\">South Imenti</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Meru_County\" title=\"Meru County\">Meru County</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Nationality</th><td class=\"infobox-data category\">Kenyan</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Alma mater</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/Olivet_Nazarene_University\" title=\"Olivet Nazarene University\">Olivet Nazarene University </a><br /><a href=\"/wiki/Northern_Illinois_University\" title=\"Northern Illinois University\">Northern Illinois University </a><br /><a href=\"/wiki/Iowa_State_University\" title=\"Iowa State University\">Iowa State University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Occupation</th><td class=\"infobox-data role\">Educator</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Years active</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">1978 – present</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Known for</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/East_Africa\" title=\"East Africa\">East Africa</a>'s first woman full professor<br /><a href=\"/wiki/Kenya\" title=\"Kenya\">Kenya</a>'s first woman vice-chancellor</td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Title</th><td class=\"infobox-data title\"><a href=\"/wiki/Vice-chancellor\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Vice-chancellor\">Vice-chancellor</a></td></tr></tbody></table>\n<p>Professor <b>Leah Marangu</b> is a Kenyan academic. She was born in <a href=\"/wiki/South_Imenti_Constituency\" title=\"South Imenti Constituency\">South Imenti</a>,  <a href=\"/wiki/Meru_County\" title=\"Meru County\">Meru County</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Kenya\" title=\"Kenya\">Kenya</a>. She is considered to be one of Kenya's most distinguished and decorated scholars.<sup id=\"cite_ref-gender_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-gender-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p>\n<meta property=\"mw:PageProp/toc\" />\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Education\">Education</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Leah_Marangu&action=edit&section=1\" title=\"Edit section: Education\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1251242444\">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class=\"box-BLP_unsourced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-BLP_unsourced\" role=\"presentation\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"mbox-image\"><div class=\"mbox-image-div\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"40\" data-file-height=\"40\" /></span></span></div></td><td class=\"mbox-text\"><div class=\"mbox-text-span\">This section of a <a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons\" title=\"Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons\">biography of a living person</a> <b>does not <a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources\" title=\"Wikipedia:Citing sources\">include</a> any <a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability\" title=\"Wikipedia:Verifiability\">references or sources</a></b>.<span class=\"hide-when-compact\"> Please help by adding <a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources\" title=\"Wikipedia:Reliable sources\">reliable sources</a>. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced <b>must be removed immediately</b>.<br /><small><span class=\"plainlinks\"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Leah+Marangu%22\">\"Leah Marangu\"</a> – <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Leah+Marangu%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1\">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Leah+Marangu%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks\">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Leah+Marangu%22+-wikipedia\">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Leah+Marangu%22\">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Leah+Marangu%22&acc=on&wc=on\">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class=\"date-container\"><i>(<span class=\"date\">September 2023</span>)</i></span><span class=\"hide-when-compact\"><i> (<small><a href=\"/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal\" title=\"Help:Maintenance template removal\">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>\n<p>Marangu attended Kaaga High School and later trained for public health nursing and midwifery at Maua Methodist Hospital. She obtained a <a href=\"/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science\" title=\"Bachelor of Science\">Bachelor of Science</a> degree in Home Economics from <a href=\"/wiki/Olivet_Nazarene_University\" title=\"Olivet Nazarene University\">Olivet Nazarene University</a> and two <a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Science\" title=\"Master of Science\">Master of Science</a> degrees in Home Economics and Family Environment from <a href=\"/wiki/Northern_Illinois_University\" title=\"Northern Illinois University\">Northern Illinois University</a>. Later she attained a <a href=\"/wiki/Ph.D.\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Ph.D.\">Ph.D.</a> in <a href=\"/wiki/Home_Economics\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Home Economics\">Home Economics</a> from <a href=\"/wiki/Iowa_State_University\" title=\"Iowa State University\">Iowa State University</a> to become a Professor of <a href=\"/wiki/Home_Economics\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Home Economics\">Home Economics</a>\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Career\">Career</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Leah_Marangu&action=edit&section=2\" title=\"Edit section: Career\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>Leah Marangu was the <a href=\"/wiki/Vice-chancellor\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Vice-chancellor\">vice-chancellor</a> of <a href=\"/wiki/Africa_Nazarene_University\" title=\"Africa Nazarene University\">Africa Nazarene University</a> between 1997 and 2017,<sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> and is one of <a href=\"/wiki/Kenya\" title=\"Kenya\">Kenya</a>’s most distinguished and decorated <a href=\"/wiki/Scholar\" title=\"Scholar\">scholars</a>. \nA woman of many firsts, Professor Marangu was appointed a full Professor and chair of the Department of Home Economics at <a href=\"/wiki/Kenyatta_University\" title=\"Kenyatta University\">Kenyatta University</a> in 1978, becoming the <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://whownsafrica.com/leah-marangu-meru-native-who-rose-to-become-east-africas-first-female-full-profess/\">first woman full Professor in Kenya and East Africa</a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:X_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:X-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> She was the chair of the board of directors at the Jomo Kenyatta Foundation in 2005 and her appointment marked the first time ever a woman had held such a post in a parastatal in Kenya.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:X_3-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:X-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> She has served Kenya in various capacities, including Commission for University Education (CUE,<sup id=\"cite_ref-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> <a href=\"/wiki/Egerton_University\" title=\"Egerton University\">Egerton University</a> Council, National Council of Science and Technology, <a href=\"/wiki/Kenya_Bureau_of_Standards\" title=\"Kenya Bureau of Standards\">Kenya Bureau of Standards</a>, Kenya Institute of Education (KIE), Institute of Policy Analysis and Research (IPAR), Inter University Council for East Africa (IUCEA), Taskforce on Performance Contract,<sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> among other bodies. Professor Marangu is Co-Founder of Education For All Children, an education-to-employment <a href=\"/wiki/NGO\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"NGO\">NGO</a> based in Nairobi.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:E_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:E-6\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>6<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Awards\">Awards</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Leah_Marangu&action=edit&section=3\" title=\"Edit section: Awards\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>Leah Marangu is an Honorary Alumni of Kenyatta University.<sup id=\"cite_ref-gender_1-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-gender-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>In 2001, Marangu was awarded the Distinguished Alumni Award from Iowa State University, the highest alumni award at the institution.<sup id=\"cite_ref-KWP_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KWP-7\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>7<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>Prof. Marangu was decorated the Moran of the Burning Spear (MBS) and awarded the Silver Star of Kenya award by former and late Presidents <a href=\"/wiki/Mwai_Kibaki\" title=\"Mwai Kibaki\">Mwai Kibaki</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Daniel_Moi\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Daniel Moi\">Daniel Moi</a> respectively.<sup id=\"cite_ref-gender_1-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-gender-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>In 2018, former President <a href=\"/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta\" title=\"Uhuru Kenyatta\">Uhuru Kenyatta</a> awarded her the State Honour of the Elder of the Order of the Burning Spear (EBS) in recognition of her contributions to the field of education.<sup id=\"cite_ref-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>8<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-9\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>9<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>She received an International Leadership and Character Award and Distinguished Achievement Citation by Iowa State University. The <a href=\"/wiki/University_of_Nairobi\" title=\"University of Nairobi\">University of Nairobi</a> has also recognized her as one of the Women Trailblazers in Kenya as an educationist.<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"https://a-awsc.uonbi.ac.ke/sites/default/files/chss/arts/awsc/Journeys-of-women-trailblazers-LAUNCH.pdf\">[1]</a>\n</p><p>She is also a recipient of <a href=\"/wiki/Olivet_Nazarene_University\" title=\"Olivet Nazarene University\">Olivet Nazarene University</a>'s Outstanding Alumni Lay Award (1996),<sup id=\"cite_ref-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-10\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup> <a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Letters\" title=\"Doctor of Letters\">Doctor of Letters</a> (D.Lit.), and the Maggie Sloan Crawford Award.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:X_3-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:X-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Publications\">Publications</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Leah_Marangu&action=edit&section=4\" title=\"Edit section: Publications\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>Marangu has published in more than 50 peer-reviewed publications and has attracted over US$2.1 million in research grants. Prior to her appointment as the vice-chancellor at Africa Nazarene University, Marangu was a visiting professor at Brigham Young University in the US, where she had also worked as a professor for 12 other leading universities.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Family\">Family</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Leah_Marangu&action=edit&section=5\" title=\"Edit section: Family\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>Marangu is married to Professor John Marangu. She is a mother and a grandmother.<sup id=\"cite_ref-KWP_7-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KWP-7\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>7<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"References\">References</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Leah_Marangu&action=edit&section=6\" title=\"Edit section: References\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1239543626\">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class=\"reflist\">\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap\"><ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-gender-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-gender_1-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-gender_1-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-gender_1-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1238218222\">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"'\"\"'\"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg\")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://gender.go.ke/prof-leah-marangu/\">\"Prof. Leah Marangu\"</a>. <i>Ministry Public Service, Gender and Affirmative Action</i>. 2018-09-14<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2023-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+Public+Service%2C+Gender+and+Affirmative+Action&rft.atitle=Prof.+Leah+Marangu&rft.date=2018-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgender.go.ke%2Fprof-leah-marangu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeah+Marangu\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFChege2018\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Chege, Njoki (2018-03-08). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/women-style/pressing-for-progress-a-celebration-of-women-pioneers-in-all-spheres-19762\">\"Pressing for progress: A celebration of women pioneers in all spheres\"</a>. <i>Nation Africa</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2023-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nation+Africa&rft.atitle=Pressing+for+progress%3A+A+celebration+of+women+pioneers+in+all+spheres&rft.date=2018-03-08&rft.aulast=Chege&rft.aufirst=Njoki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnation.africa%2Fkenya%2Flife-and-style%2Fwomen-style%2Fpressing-for-progress-a-celebration-of-women-pioneers-in-all-spheres-19762&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeah+Marangu\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:X-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-:X_3-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:X_3-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:X_3-2\"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFOmbuor2014\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Ombuor, Joe (2014-06-28). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/features/article/2000126317/east-africas-first-woman-professor-mentored-top-vice-chancellors\">\"East Africa's first woman professor mentored top vice chancellors\"</a>. <i>The Standard</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2023-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Standard&rft.atitle=East+Africa%E2%80%99s+first+woman+professor+mentored+top+vice+chancellors&rft.date=2014-06-28&rft.aulast=Ombuor&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standardmedia.co.ke%2Ffeatures%2Farticle%2F2000126317%2Feast-africas-first-woman-professor-mentored-top-vice-chancellors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeah+Marangu\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-4\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.cue.or.ke/\">\"Commission for University Education - Home\"</a>. <i>www.cue.or.ke</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2021-09-18</span></span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cue.or.ke&rft.atitle=Commission+for+University+Education+-+Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cue.or.ke%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeah+Marangu\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-5\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFEden2022\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Eden, Daniel (2022-12-15). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://globalpeace.org/speaker/professor-leah-marangu/\">\"Professor Leah Marangu\"</a>. <i>Global Peace Foundation</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2023-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Peace+Foundation&rft.atitle=Professor+Leah+Marangu&rft.date=2022-12-15&rft.aulast=Eden&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalpeace.org%2Fspeaker%2Fprofessor-leah-marangu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeah+Marangu\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:E-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-:E_6-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFEducation_for_All_Children2020\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Education for All Children (2020-06-16). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.efac.org/leah-marangu-cofounder\">\"Professor Leah T. Marangu: EFAC Co-Founder\"</a>. <i>EFAC</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2023-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EFAC&rft.atitle=Professor+Leah+T.+Marangu%3A+EFAC+Co-Founder&rft.date=2020-06-16&rft.au=Education+for+All+Children&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.efac.org%2Fleah-marangu-cofounder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeah+Marangu\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-KWP-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-KWP_7-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-KWP_7-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://kenyanwomenprofessors.blogspot.com/2008/06/leah-marangu-kenyas-first-woman-vice.html?m=1\">\"Leah Marangu - Kenya's First Woman Vice Chancellor\"</a>. <i>Kenyan Women Professors</i>. 2008-06-16<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2023-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kenyan+Women+Professors&rft.atitle=Leah+Marangu+-+Kenya%27s+First+Woman+Vice+Chancellor&rft.date=2008-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkenyanwomenprofessors.blogspot.com%2F2008%2F06%2Fleah-marangu-kenyas-first-woman-vice.html%3Fm%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeah+Marangu\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-8\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://paukwa.or.ke/leah-marangu-the-academic/\">\"Prof. Leah Marangu: The Academic\"</a>. <i>Paukwa</i>. 2022-11-08<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2023-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Paukwa&rft.atitle=Prof.+Leah+Marangu%3A+The+Academic&rft.date=2022-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaukwa.or.ke%2Fleah-marangu-the-academic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeah+Marangu\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-9\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite id=\"CITEREFAlabi2018\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Alabi, Akin (2018-09-22). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.africanleadershipmagazine.co.uk/president-uhuru-gazettes-state-awards-honours-to-women-trailblazers/\">\"President Uhuru gazettes State awards, honours to women trailblazers\"</a>. <i>African Leadership Magazine</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2023-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=African+Leadership+Magazine&rft.atitle=President+Uhuru+gazettes+State+awards%2C+honours+to+women+trailblazers&rft.date=2018-09-22&rft.aulast=Alabi&rft.aufirst=Akin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanleadershipmagazine.co.uk%2Fpresident-uhuru-gazettes-state-awards-honours-to-women-trailblazers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeah+Marangu\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-10\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.olivet.edu/alumni-friends/alumni-awards/alumni-awards-past-recipients/\">\"Alumni Awards Past Recipients\"</a>. <i>Olivet Nazarene University</i>. 2023-05-15<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2023-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Olivet+Nazarene+University&rft.atitle=Alumni+Awards+Past+Recipients&rft.date=2023-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.olivet.edu%2Falumni-friends%2Falumni-awards%2Falumni-awards-past-recipients%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeah+Marangu\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n</ol></div></div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"External_links\">External links</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Leah_Marangu&action=edit&section=7\" title=\"Edit section: External links\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20090309225327/http://www.hs.iastate.edu/alumni/awards/2001/2001lmarangu.php\">Iowa State University</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.anu.ac.ke/history-2/\">Nazarene University</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.olivet.edu/\">Olivet Nazarene University</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://gender.go.ke/prof-leah-marangu/\">Ministry of Public Service and Gender</a></li></ul>\n<p><br />\n</p>\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444\"><table class=\"box-Improve_categories plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-cat_improve\" role=\"presentation\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"mbox-image\"><div class=\"mbox-image-div\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"44\" data-file-height=\"44\" /></a></span></div></td><td class=\"mbox-text\"><div class=\"mbox-text-span\">This article <b>needs additional or more specific <a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization\" title=\"Wikipedia:Categorization\">categories</a></b>.<span class=\"hide-when-compact\"> Please <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leah_Marangu&action=edit\">help out</a> by <a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#How_do_I_add_an_article_to_a_category?\" title=\"Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization\">adding categories</a> to it so that it can be listed with similar articles.</span> <span class=\"date-container\"><i>(<span class=\"date\">September 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐7845fc798d‐fnfb7\nCached time: 20241229013837\nCache expiry: 2592000\nReduced expiry: false\nComplications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc]\nCPU time usage: 0.358 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.481 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 2201/1000000\nPost‐expand include size: 40326/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 3253/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 13/100\nExpensive parser function count: 2/500\nUnstrip recursion depth: 1/20\nUnstrip post‐expand size: 40023/5000000 bytes\nLua time usage: 0.217/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 6656247/52428800 bytes\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400\n-->\n<!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 452.447 1 -total\n 31.93% 144.461 1 Template:Reflist\n 27.99% 126.657 1 Template:Infobox_person\n 26.80% 121.242 10 Template:Cite_web\n 21.78% 98.551 1 Template:BLP_unsourced_section\n 20.57% 93.061 1 Template:BLP_unsourced\n 20.40% 92.316 2 Template:Ambox\n 19.81% 89.612 1 Template:User_other\n 11.89% 53.789 1 Template:Short_description\n 8.17% 36.951 3 Template:Pagetype\n-->\n\n<!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:22256336:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241229013837 and revision id 1261499539. Rendering was triggered because: unknown\n -->\n</div><!--esi <esi:include src=\"/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content\" /> --><noscript><img src=\"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" style=\"border: none; position: absolute;\"></noscript>\n<div class=\"printfooter\" data-nosnippet=\"\">Retrieved from \"<a dir=\"ltr\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leah_Marangu&oldid=1261499539\">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leah_Marangu&oldid=1261499539</a>\"</div></div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"catlinks\" class=\"catlinks\" data-mw=\"interface\"><div id=\"mw-normal-catlinks\" class=\"mw-normal-catlinks\"><a href=\"/wiki/Help:Category\" title=\"Help:Category\">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Living_people\" title=\"Category:Living people\">Living people</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Meru_people\" title=\"Category:Meru people\">Meru people</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Africa_Nazarene_University\" title=\"Category:Africa Nazarene University\">Africa Nazarene University</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:1952_births\" title=\"Category:1952 births\">1952 births</a></li></ul></div><div id=\"mw-hidden-catlinks\" class=\"mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden\">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description\" title=\"Category:Articles with short description\">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata\" title=\"Category:Short description is different from Wikidata\">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Date_of_birth_not_in_Wikidata\" title=\"Category:Date of birth not in Wikidata\">Date of birth not in Wikidata</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards\" title=\"Category:Articles with hCards\">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:BLP_articles_lacking_sources_from_September_2023\" title=\"Category:BLP articles lacking sources from September 2023\">BLP articles lacking sources from September 2023</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:All_BLP_articles_lacking_sources\" title=\"Category:All BLP articles lacking sources\">All BLP articles lacking sources</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_categories_from_September_2023\" title=\"Category:Articles needing additional categories from September 2023\">Articles needing additional categories from September 2023</a></li></ul></div></div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</main>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t</div>\n\t\t<div class=\"mw-footer-container\">\n\t\t\t\n<footer id=\"footer\" class=\"mw-footer\" >\n\t<ul id=\"footer-info\">\n\t<li id=\"footer-info-lastmod\"> This page was last edited on 6 December 2024, at 12:34<span class=\"anonymous-show\"> (UTC)</span>.</li>\n\t<li id=\"footer-info-copyright\">Text is available under the <a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License\" title=\"Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License\">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>;\nadditional terms may apply. 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class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-toc\" class=\"vector-toc vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"toc-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-toc\"\n\t\n\t\n>\n\t<h2 class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Contents</h2>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin\">move to sidebar</button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin\">hide</button>\n</div>\n\n\n\t<ul class=\"vector-toc-contents\" id=\"mw-panel-toc-list\">\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-mw-content-text\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"vector-toc-link\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">(Top)</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Toponymy\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Toponymy\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Toponymy</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Toponymy-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n\t<li id=\"toc-Demographics\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Demographics\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Demographics</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Demographics-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n\t<li id=\"toc-References\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#References\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">3</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>References</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-References-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</div>\n\t\t<div class=\"mw-content-container\">\n\t\t\t<main id=\"content\" class=\"mw-body\">\n\t\t\t\t<header class=\"mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Contents\" class=\"vector-toc-landmark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox \" aria-label=\"Toggle the table of contents\" >\n\t<label id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-label\" for=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only \" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Toggle the table of contents</span>\n\t</label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading mw-first-heading\"><span class=\"mw-page-title-main\">Notre-Dame-des-Pins</span></h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"p-lang-btn-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector\" aria-label=\"Go to an article in another language. Available in 7 languages\" >\n\t<label id=\"p-lang-btn-label\" for=\"p-lang-btn-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7\" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">7 languages</span>\n\t</label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3_(%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%83)\" title=\"نورت دام ديس بينس (كيبك) – Arabic\" lang=\"ar\" hreflang=\"ar\" data-title=\"نورت دام ديس بينس (كيبك)\" data-language-autonym=\"العربية\" data-language-local-name=\"Arabic\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Pins\" title=\"Notre-Dame-des-Pins – Cebuano\" lang=\"ceb\" hreflang=\"ceb\" data-title=\"Notre-Dame-des-Pins\" data-language-autonym=\"Cebuano\" data-language-local-name=\"Cebuano\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Pins_(Quebec)\" title=\"Notre-Dame-des-Pins (Quebec) – Basque\" lang=\"eu\" hreflang=\"eu\" data-title=\"Notre-Dame-des-Pins (Quebec)\" data-language-autonym=\"Euskara\" data-language-local-name=\"Basque\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AF%D9%87-%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A8%DA%A9\" title=\"نوتر-دام-ده-پن، کبک – Persian\" lang=\"fa\" hreflang=\"fa\" data-title=\"نوتر-دام-ده-پن، کبک\" data-language-autonym=\"فارسی\" data-language-local-name=\"Persian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Pins\" title=\"Notre-Dame-des-Pins – French\" lang=\"fr\" hreflang=\"fr\" data-title=\"Notre-Dame-des-Pins\" data-language-autonym=\"Français\" data-language-local-name=\"French\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Pins\" title=\"Notre-Dame-des-Pins – Portuguese\" lang=\"pt\" hreflang=\"pt\" data-title=\"Notre-Dame-des-Pins\" data-language-autonym=\"Português\" data-language-local-name=\"Portuguese\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Pins\" title=\"Notre-Dame-des-Pins – Swedish\" lang=\"sv\" hreflang=\"sv\" data-title=\"Notre-Dame-des-Pins\" data-language-autonym=\"Svenska\" data-language-local-name=\"Swedish\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Svenska</span></a></li>\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"after-portlet after-portlet-lang\"><span class=\"wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link\"><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3344643#sitelinks-wikipedia\" title=\"Edit interlanguage links\" class=\"wbc-editpage\">Edit links</a></span></div>\n\t\t</div>\n\n\t</div>\n</div>\n</header>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-page-toolbar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-page-toolbar-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"left-navigation\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Namespaces\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"p-associated-pages\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"ca-nstab-main\" class=\"selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Pins\" title=\"View the content page [c]\" accesskey=\"c\"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id=\"ca-talk\" class=\"vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Talk:Notre-Dame-des-Pins\" rel=\"discussion\" title=\"Discuss improvements to the content page [t]\" accesskey=\"t\"><span>Talk</span></a></li>\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"vector-variants-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown emptyPortlet\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox \" aria-label=\"Change language variant\" >\n\t<label id=\"vector-variants-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet\" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">English</span>\n\t</label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"p-variants\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"right-navigation\" class=\"vector-collapsible\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Views\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"p-views\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"ca-view\" class=\"selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Pins\"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id=\"ca-edit\" class=\"vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame-des-Pins&action=edit\" title=\"Edit this page [e]\" accesskey=\"e\"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id=\"ca-history\" class=\"vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame-des-Pins&action=history\" title=\"Past revisions of this page [h]\" accesskey=\"h\"><span>View history</span></a></li>\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-page-tools-landmark\" aria-label=\"Page tools\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"vector-page-tools-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox \" aria-label=\"Tools\" >\n\t<label id=\"vector-page-tools-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet\" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Tools</span>\n\t</label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-page-tools-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"vector-page-tools\" class=\"vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"page-tools-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-page-tools\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-page-tools-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-page-tools-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<div class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Tools</div>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin\">move to sidebar</button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin\">hide</button>\n</div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"p-cactions\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items\" title=\"More options\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tActions\n\t</div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"ca-more-view\" class=\"selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Pins\"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id=\"ca-more-edit\" class=\"vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame-des-Pins&action=edit\" title=\"Edit this page [e]\" accesskey=\"e\"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id=\"ca-more-history\" class=\"vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame-des-Pins&action=history\"><span>View history</span></a></li>\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n<div id=\"p-tb\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tGeneral\n\t</div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"t-whatlinkshere\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Notre-Dame-des-Pins\" title=\"List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]\" accesskey=\"j\"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id=\"t-recentchangeslinked\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Notre-Dame-des-Pins\" rel=\"nofollow\" title=\"Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]\" accesskey=\"k\"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id=\"t-upload\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard\" title=\"Upload files [u]\" accesskey=\"u\"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id=\"t-specialpages\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:SpecialPages\" title=\"A list of all special pages [q]\" accesskey=\"q\"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id=\"t-permalink\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame-des-Pins&oldid=1265995854\" title=\"Permanent link to this revision of this page\"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id=\"t-info\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame-des-Pins&action=info\" title=\"More information about this page\"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id=\"t-cite\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Notre-Dame-des-Pins&id=1265995854&wpFormIdentifier=titleform\" title=\"Information on how to cite this page\"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id=\"t-urlshortener\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNotre-Dame-des-Pins\"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id=\"t-urlshortener-qrcode\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNotre-Dame-des-Pins\"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li>\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n<div id=\"p-coll-print_export\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tPrint/export\n\t</div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"coll-download-as-rl\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Notre-Dame-des-Pins&action=show-download-screen\" title=\"Download this page as a PDF file\"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id=\"t-print\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame-des-Pins&printable=yes\" title=\"Printable version of this page [p]\" accesskey=\"p\"><span>Printable version</span></a></li>\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n<div id=\"p-wikibase-otherprojects\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tIn other projects\n\t</div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li class=\"wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Notre-Dame-des-Pins\" hreflang=\"en\"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id=\"t-wikibase\" class=\"wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3344643\" title=\"Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]\" accesskey=\"g\"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li>\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-column-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-page-tools-landmark\" aria-label=\"Page tools\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-page-tools-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-appearance-landmark\" aria-label=\"Appearance\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-appearance-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-appearance\" class=\"vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"appearance-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-appearance\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-appearance-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-appearance-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<div class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Appearance</div>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin\">move to sidebar</button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin\">hide</button>\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"bodyContent\" class=\"vector-body\" aria-labelledby=\"firstHeading\" data-mw-ve-target-container>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-body-before-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mw-indicators\">\n\t\t<div id=\"mw-indicator-coordinates\" class=\"mw-indicator\"><div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><span id=\"coordinates\"><a href=\"/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system\" title=\"Geographic coordinate system\">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1156832818\">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class=\"plainlinks nourlexpansion\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Notre-Dame-des-Pins&params=46_11_N_70_43_W_region:CA-QC_type:city(1812)\"><span class=\"geo-default\"><span class=\"geo-dms\" title=\"Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location\"><span class=\"latitude\">46°11′N</span> <span class=\"longitude\">70°43′W</span></span></span><span class=\"geo-multi-punct\"> / </span><span class=\"geo-nondefault\"><span class=\"geo-dec\" title=\"Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location\">46.183°N 70.717°W</span><span style=\"display:none\"> / <span class=\"geo\">46.183; -70.717</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div>\n\t\t</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"siteSub\" class=\"noprint\">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"contentSub\"><div id=\"mw-content-subtitle\"><span class=\"mw-redirectedfrom\">(Redirected from <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame-des-Pins,_Quebec&redirect=no\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Notre-Dame-des-Pins, Quebec\">Notre-Dame-des-Pins, Quebec</a>)</span></div></div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-body-content\"><div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><p class=\"mw-empty-elt\">\n</p>\n<div class=\"shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux\" style=\"display:none\">Parish municipality in Quebec, Canada</div><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1257001546\">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1043192559\">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class=\"infobox ib-settlement vcard\"><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-above\"><div class=\"fn org\">Notre-Dame-des-Pins</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-subheader\"><div class=\"category\"><a href=\"/wiki/Parish_municipality_(Quebec)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Parish municipality (Quebec)\">Parish municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-full-data\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Pont_Perrault_(Qu%C3%A9bec)_15.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Pont_Perrault_%28Qu%C3%A9bec%29_15.jpg/250px-Pont_Perrault_%28Qu%C3%A9bec%29_15.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Pont_Perrault_%28Qu%C3%A9bec%29_15.jpg/375px-Pont_Perrault_%28Qu%C3%A9bec%29_15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Pont_Perrault_%28Qu%C3%A9bec%29_15.jpg/500px-Pont_Perrault_%28Qu%C3%A9bec%29_15.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"5184\" data-file-height=\"3456\" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-full-data\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Notre-Dame-des-Pins_Quebec_location_diagram.png\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Location within Beauce-Sartigan RCM.\"><img alt=\"Location within Beauce-Sartigan RCM.\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Notre-Dame-des-Pins_Quebec_location_diagram.png/250px-Notre-Dame-des-Pins_Quebec_location_diagram.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"204\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Notre-Dame-des-Pins_Quebec_location_diagram.png/375px-Notre-Dame-des-Pins_Quebec_location_diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Notre-Dame-des-Pins_Quebec_location_diagram.png/500px-Notre-Dame-des-Pins_Quebec_location_diagram.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1030\" data-file-height=\"840\" /></a></span><div class=\"ib-settlement-caption\">Location within Beauce-Sartigan RCM.</div></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-full-data\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1238443738\">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class=\"center\"><div class=\"locmap\" style=\"width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto\"><div style=\"width:250px;padding:0\"><div style=\"position:relative;width:250px\"><span class=\"notpageimage\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Canada_Southern_Quebec_location_map.png\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Notre-Dame-des-Pins is located in Southern Quebec\"><img alt=\"Notre-Dame-des-Pins is located in Southern Quebec\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Canada_Southern_Quebec_location_map.png/250px-Canada_Southern_Quebec_location_map.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"203\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Canada_Southern_Quebec_location_map.png/375px-Canada_Southern_Quebec_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Canada_Southern_Quebec_location_map.png/500px-Canada_Southern_Quebec_location_map.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"535\" data-file-height=\"435\" /></a></span><div class=\"od notheme\" style=\"top:60.395%;left:78.906%;font-size:91%\"><div class=\"id\" style=\"left:-3px;top:-3px\"><span class=\"notpageimage\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span title=\"Notre-Dame-des-Pins\"><img alt=\"Notre-Dame-des-Pins\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"64\" data-file-height=\"64\" /></span></span></div><div class=\"pl\" style=\"width:6em;right:4px\"><div>Notre-Dame-des-Pins</div></div></div></div><div style=\"padding-top:0.2em\">Location in southern Quebec.</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedbottomrow\"><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-full-data\">Coordinates: <span class=\"geo-inline\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1156832818\">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class=\"plainlinks nourlexpansion\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Notre-Dame-des-Pins&params=46_11_N_70_43_W_region:CA-QC_type:city(1812)\"><span class=\"geo-default\"><span class=\"geo-dms\" title=\"Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location\"><span class=\"latitude\">46°11′N</span> <span class=\"longitude\">70°43′W</span></span></span><span class=\"geo-multi-punct\"> / </span><span class=\"geo-nondefault\"><span class=\"geo-dec\" title=\"Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location\">46.183°N 70.717°W</span><span style=\"display:none\"> / <span class=\"geo\">46.183; -70.717</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id=\"cite_ref-toponymie_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-toponymie-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Country</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"12\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></span></span> </span><a href=\"/wiki/Canada\" title=\"Canada\">Canada</a></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a href=\"/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada\" title=\"Provinces and territories of Canada\">Province</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/23px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/35px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/45px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"800\" /></span></span> </span><a href=\"/wiki/Quebec\" title=\"Quebec\">Quebec</a></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a href=\"/wiki/Region_(Quebec)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Region (Quebec)\">Region</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/Chaudi%C3%A8re-Appalaches\" title=\"Chaudière-Appalaches\">Chaudière-Appalaches</a></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a href=\"/wiki/Regional_county_municipality\" title=\"Regional county municipality\">RCM</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/Beauce-Sartigan_Regional_County_Municipality\" title=\"Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality\">Beauce-Sartigan</a></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Constituted</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">June 29, 1926</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><th colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-header\">Government<div class=\"ib-settlement-fn\"><sup id=\"cite_ref-mamrot_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-mamrot-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"> • Mayor</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">Pierre Bégin</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"> • <a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Canadian_federal_electoral_districts\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"List of Canadian federal electoral districts\">Federal riding</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/Beauce_(electoral_district)\" title=\"Beauce (electoral district)\">Beauce</a></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"> • <a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Quebec_provincial_electoral_districts\" title=\"List of Quebec provincial electoral districts\">Prov. riding</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/Beauce-Sud\" title=\"Beauce-Sud\">Beauce-Sud</a></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><th colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-header\">Area<div class=\"ib-settlement-fn\"><sup id=\"cite_ref-mamrot_2-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-mamrot-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-cp2021_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-cp2021-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"> • Total</div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">25.00 km<sup>2</sup> (9.65 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"> • Land</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">24.09 km<sup>2</sup> (9.30 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><th colspan=\"2\" class=\"infobox-header\">Population<div class=\"ib-settlement-fn\"><span class=\"nowrap\"> </span>(2021)<sup id=\"cite_ref-cp2021_3-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-cp2021-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><div style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"> • Total</div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">1,812</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"> • Density</th><td class=\"infobox-data\">75.2/km<sup>2</sup> (195/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"> • Pop <small>2016-2021</small><div class=\"ib-settlement-fn\"></div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span title=\"Increase\"><img alt=\"Increase\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"11\" height=\"11\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"300\" data-file-height=\"300\" /></span></span> 13.7%</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"> • Dwellings<div class=\"ib-settlement-fn\"></div></th><td class=\"infobox-data\">763</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a href=\"/wiki/Time_zone\" title=\"Time zone\">Time zone</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"UTC−5\">UTC−5</a> (<a href=\"/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone\" title=\"Eastern Time Zone\">EST</a>)</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><span class=\"nowrap\"> • Summer (<a href=\"/wiki/Daylight_saving_time\" title=\"Daylight saving time\">DST</a>)</span></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/UTC%E2%88%924\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"UTC−4\">UTC−4</a> (<a href=\"/wiki/Eastern_Daylight_Time\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Eastern Daylight Time\">EDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a href=\"/wiki/Canadian_postal_code\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Canadian postal code\">Postal code(s)</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data adr\"><div class=\"postal-code\"><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_G_postal_codes_of_Canada\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"List of G postal codes of Canada\">G0M 1K0</a></div></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedrow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\"><a href=\"/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan\" title=\"Telephone numbering plan\">Area code(s)</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><a href=\"/wiki/Area_codes_418_and_581\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Area codes 418 and 581\">418 and 581</a></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Highways <br /> <span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Quebec_Autoroute_73.svg/24px-Quebec_Autoroute_73.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"24\" height=\"32\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Quebec_Autoroute_73.svg/36px-Quebec_Autoroute_73.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Quebec_Autoroute_73.svg/48px-Quebec_Autoroute_73.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"217\" data-file-height=\"289\" /></span></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_73\" title=\"Quebec Autoroute 73\">A-73</a></th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><br /> <span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Qc173.svg/24px-Qc173.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"24\" height=\"32\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Qc173.svg/36px-Qc173.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Qc173.svg/48px-Qc173.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"451\" data-file-height=\"602\" /></span></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Quebec_Route_173\" title=\"Quebec Route 173\">R-173</a></td></tr><tr class=\"mergedtoprow\"><th scope=\"row\" class=\"infobox-label\">Website</th><td class=\"infobox-data\"><span class=\"url\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.notredamedespins.qc.ca\">www.notredame<br />despins.qc.ca</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>\n<p><b>Notre-Dame-des-Pins</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1177148991\">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class=\"IPA-label IPA-label-small\">French pronunciation:</span> <span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"fr-Latn-fonipa\"><a href=\"/wiki/Help:IPA/French\" title=\"Help:IPA/French\">[nɔtʁə<span class=\"wrap\"> </span>dam<span class=\"wrap\"> </span>de<span class=\"wrap\"> </span>pɛ̃]</a></span>) is a <a href=\"/wiki/Parish_municipality_(Quebec)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Parish municipality (Quebec)\">parish municipality</a> in the <a href=\"/wiki/Beauce-Sartigan_Regional_County_Municipality\" title=\"Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality\">Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality</a> in the <a href=\"/wiki/Chaudi%C3%A8re-Appalaches\" title=\"Chaudière-Appalaches\">Chaudière-Appalaches</a> region of <a href=\"/wiki/Quebec\" title=\"Quebec\">Quebec</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Canada\" title=\"Canada\">Canada</a>. Its population is 1,812 as of the <a href=\"/wiki/Canada_2021_Census\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Canada 2021 Census\">Canada 2021 Census</a>.\n</p><p>Notre-Dame-des-Pins is known for its <a href=\"/wiki/Covered_bridge\" title=\"Covered bridge\">covered bridge</a> crossing the <a href=\"/wiki/Chaudi%C3%A8re_River\" title=\"Chaudière River\">Chaudière River</a>. Built in 1928 and opened in 1929, it is 146 m long. It is the longest of its kind in Quebec and the second longest in Canada.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Toponymy\">Toponymy</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame-des-Pins&action=edit&section=1\" title=\"Edit section: Toponymy\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>When the municipality was founded, in 1926, the original name was Notre-Dame-de-la-Providence. Since the name never really established itself in local usage, it was changed to Notre-Dame-des-Pins in 1978.<sup id=\"cite_ref-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Demographics\">Demographics</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame-des-Pins&action=edit&section=2\" title=\"Edit section: Demographics\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>In the <a href=\"/wiki/2021_Canadian_census\" title=\"2021 Canadian census\">2021 Census of Population</a> conducted by <a href=\"/wiki/Statistics_Canada\" title=\"Statistics Canada\">Statistics Canada</a>, Notre-Dame-des-Pins had a population of <span class=\"nowrap\"><span data-sort-value=\"7003181200000000000♠\"></span>1,812</span> living in <span class=\"nowrap\"><span data-sort-value=\"7002745000000000000♠\"></span>745</span> of its <span class=\"nowrap\"><span data-sort-value=\"7002763000000000000♠\"></span>763</span> total private dwellings, a change of <span data-sort-value=\"7001136762860727728♠\" style=\"display:none\"></span>13.7% from its 2016 population of <span class=\"nowrap\"><span data-sort-value=\"7003159400000000000♠\"></span>1,594</span>. With a land area of 24.09 km<sup>2</sup> (9.30 sq mi), it had a population density of <span style=\"display:none\" data-sort-value=\"7001752179327521793♠\"></span>75.2/km<sup>2</sup> (194.8/sq mi) in 2021.<sup id=\"cite_ref-2021census_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-2021census-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[</span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]</span></a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"References\">References</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame-des-Pins&action=edit&section=3\" title=\"Edit section: References\"><span>edit</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1239543626\">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class=\"reflist\">\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap\"><ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-toponymie-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-toponymie_1-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1238218222\">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"'\"\"'\"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg\")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg\")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/fiche.aspx?no_seq=92439\">\"<i>Banque de noms de lieux du Québec</i>: Reference number 92439\"</a>. <i>toponymie.gouv.qc.ca</i> (in French). <a href=\"/wiki/Commission_de_toponymie_du_Qu%C3%A9bec\" title=\"Commission de toponymie du Québec\">Commission de toponymie du Québec</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toponymie.gouv.qc.ca&rft.atitle=Banque+de+noms+de+lieux+du+Qu%C3%A9bec%3A+Reference+number+92439&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoponymie.gouv.qc.ca%2Fct%2FToposWeb%2Ffiche.aspx%3Fno_seq%3D92439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame-des-Pins\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-mamrot-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-mamrot_2-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-mamrot_2-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.quebec.ca/gouvernement/portrait-quebec/repertoire-municipalites?field=municipalite&municipalite=29120\">\"<i>Répertoire des municipalités</i>: Geographic code 29120\"</a>. <i>www.mamh.gouv.qc.ca</i> (in French). Ministère des Affaires municipales et de l'Habitation.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mamh.gouv.qc.ca&rft.atitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+des+municipalit%C3%A9s%3A+Geographic+code+29120&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.quebec.ca%2Fgouvernement%2Fportrait-quebec%2Frepertoire-municipalites%3Ffield%3Dmunicipalite%26municipalite%3D29120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame-des-Pins\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-cp2021-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-cp2021_3-0\"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-cp2021_3-1\"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Notre-Dame-des-Pins&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&DGUIDlist=2021A00052429120\">\"Data table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Notre-Dame-des-Pins, Paroisse (Municipalité de) (PE) [Census subdivision], Quebec\"</a>. 9 February 2022.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Data+table%2C+Census+Profile%2C+2021+Census+of+Population+-+Notre-Dame-des-Pins%2C+Paroisse+%28Municipalit%C3%A9+de%29+%28PE%29+%26%2391%3BCensus+subdivision%26%2393%3B%2C+Quebec&rft.date=2022-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2021%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26SearchText%3DNotre-Dame-des-Pins%26GENDERlist%3D1%26STATISTIClist%3D1%26DGUIDlist%3D2021A00052429120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame-des-Pins\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-4\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/Fiche.aspx?no_seq=92439\">\"Fiche descriptive\"</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fiche+descriptive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoponymie.gouv.qc.ca%2Fct%2FToposWeb%2FFiche.aspx%3Fno_seq%3D92439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame-des-Pins\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-2021census-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-2021census_5-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000202&geocode=A000224\">\"Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Quebec\"</a>. <a href=\"/wiki/Statistics_Canada\" title=\"Statistics Canada\">Statistics Canada</a>. February 9, 2022<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">August 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+and+dwelling+counts%3A+Canada%2C+provinces+and+territories%2C+and+census+subdivisions+%28municipalities%29%2C+Quebec&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft.date=2022-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww150.statcan.gc.ca%2Ft1%2Ftbl1%2Fen%2Ftv.action%3Fpid%3D9810000202%26geocode%3DA000224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame-des-Pins\" class=\"Z3988\"></span></span>\n</li>\n</ol></div></div>\n<ul><li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20090415073751/http://www.toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/CT/topos/topos.html\">Commission de toponymie du Québec</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.mamrot.gouv.qc.ca/\">Ministère des Affaires municipales, des Régions et de l'Occupation du territoire</a></li></ul>\n<p><br />\n</p>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1129693374\">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:\": \"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:\" · \";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Places_adjacent_to_Notre-Dame-des-Pins\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1239400231\">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:\"[ \"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:\" ]\"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities\" title=\"Template:Adjacent communities\"><abbr title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities\" title=\"Template talk:Adjacent communities\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities\" title=\"Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Places_adjacent_to_Notre-Dame-des-Pins\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\">Places adjacent to Notre-Dame-des-Pins</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><table role=\"presentation\" style=\"width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;\"><tbody><tr>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Beauceville,_Quebec\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Beauceville, Quebec\">Beauceville</a></td>\n<td></td>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Saint-Simon-les-Mines,_Quebec\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Saint-Simon-les-Mines, Quebec\">Saint-Simon-les-Mines</a></td>\n</tr><tr>\n<td></td>\n<td><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span title=\"North\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"14\" height=\"17\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"500\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></span></span></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr><tr>\n<td style=\"width:33%\"></td>\n<td style=\"width:33%;\">\n<div style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><span class=\"mw-valign-middle\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span title=\"West\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"17\" height=\"14\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"500\" /></span></span><b style=\"display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em\">Notre-Dame-des-Pins</b><span class=\"mw-valign-middle\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span title=\"East\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"17\" height=\"14\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"500\" /></span></span></div>\n</td>\n<td style=\"width:33%\"></td>\n</tr><tr>\n<td></td>\n<td><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span title=\"South\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"14\" height=\"17\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"500\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></span></span></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr><tr>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Saint-Georges,_Quebec\" title=\"Saint-Georges, Quebec\">Saint-Georges</a></td>\n</tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n<p><br />\n</p>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235\"></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"22px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Quebec&#124;link=Quebec_Subdivisions_of_Beauce-Sartigan_Regional_County_Municipality\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231\"><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template:Beauce-Sartigan_RCM\" title=\"Template:Beauce-Sartigan RCM\"><abbr title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template_talk:Beauce-Sartigan_RCM\" title=\"Template talk:Beauce-Sartigan RCM\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a href=\"/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Beauce-Sartigan_RCM\" title=\"Special:EditPage/Template:Beauce-Sartigan RCM\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"22px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Quebec&#124;link=Quebec_Subdivisions_of_Beauce-Sartigan_Regional_County_Municipality\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><span class=\"mw-image-border\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Quebec\" title=\"Quebec\"><img alt=\"Quebec\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/22px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"22\" height=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/33px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/44px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"800\" /></a></span></span> Subdivisions of <a href=\"/wiki/Beauce-Sartigan_Regional_County_Municipality\" title=\"Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality\">Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Cities & Towns</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Saint-Georges,_Quebec\" title=\"Saint-Georges, Quebec\">Saint-Georges</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Municipalities</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Courcelles%E2%80%93Saint-%C3%89variste\" title=\"Courcelles–Saint-Évariste\">Courcelles–Saint-Évariste</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre\" title=\"Saint-Benoît-Labre\">Saint-Benoît-Labre</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Saint-C%C3%B4me%E2%80%93Lini%C3%A8re\" title=\"Saint-Côme–Linière\">Saint-Côme–Linière</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Saint-%C3%89phrem-de-Beauce\" title=\"Saint-Éphrem-de-Beauce\">Saint-Éphrem-de-Beauce</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Saint-G%C3%A9d%C3%A9on-de-Beauce\" title=\"Saint-Gédéon-de-Beauce\">Saint-Gédéon-de-Beauce</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Saint-Honor%C3%A9-de-Shenley\" title=\"Saint-Honoré-de-Shenley\">Saint-Honoré-de-Shenley</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Saint-Philibert,_Quebec\" title=\"Saint-Philibert, Quebec\">Saint-Philibert</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Saint-Simon-les-Mines\" title=\"Saint-Simon-les-Mines\">Saint-Simon-les-Mines</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Saint-Th%C3%A9ophile\" title=\"Saint-Théophile\">Saint-Théophile</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Parishes</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Notre-Dame-des-Pins</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Saint-Hilaire-de-Dorset\" title=\"Saint-Hilaire-de-Dorset\">Saint-Hilaire-de-Dorset</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Saint-Martin,_Quebec\" title=\"Saint-Martin, Quebec\">Saint-Martin</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Saint-Ren%C3%A9,_Quebec\" title=\"Saint-René, Quebec\">Saint-René</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\">Villages</th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Lac-Poulin\" title=\"Lac-Poulin\">Lac-Poulin</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/La_Guadeloupe\" title=\"La Guadeloupe\">La Guadeloupe</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow hlist\" colspan=\"2\"><div>\n<ul><li><b>Regional County Municipalities in <a href=\"/wiki/Chaudi%C3%A8re-Appalaches\" title=\"Chaudière-Appalaches\">Chaudière-Appalaches</a>:</b><br /> <a href=\"/wiki/Beauce-Centre_Regional_County_Municipality\" title=\"Beauce-Centre Regional County Municipality\">Beauce-Centre</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Beauce-Sartigan_Regional_County_Municipality\" title=\"Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality\">Beauce-Sartigan</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bellechasse_Regional_County_Municipality\" title=\"Bellechasse Regional County Municipality\">Bellechasse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/La_Nouvelle-Beauce_Regional_County_Municipality\" title=\"La Nouvelle-Beauce Regional County Municipality\">La Nouvelle-Beauce</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Les_Appalaches_Regional_County_Municipality\" title=\"Les Appalaches Regional County Municipality\">Les Appalaches</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Les_Etchemins_Regional_County_Municipality\" title=\"Les Etchemins Regional County Municipality\">Les Etchemins</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/L%27Islet_Regional_County_Municipality\" title=\"L'Islet Regional County Municipality\">L'Islet</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lotbini%C3%A8re_Regional_County_Municipality\" title=\"Lotbinière Regional County Municipality\">Lotbinière</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Montmagny_Regional_County_Municipality\" title=\"Montmagny Regional County Municipality\">Montmagny</a></li></ul>\n<ul><li><b>Independent Cities:</b> <a href=\"/wiki/L%C3%A9vis\" title=\"Lévis\">Lévis</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235\"></div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox authority-control\" aria-labelledby=\"Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3344643#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th id=\"Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3344643#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata\" scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Help:Authority_control\" title=\"Help:Authority control\">Authority control databases</a> <span class=\"mw-valign-text-top noprint\" typeof=\"mw:File/Frameless\"><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3344643#identifiers\" title=\"Edit this at Wikidata\"><img alt=\"Edit this at Wikidata\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"20\" data-file-height=\"20\" /></a></span></th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><ul><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://viaf.org/viaf/133623663\">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by 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Jilin Provincial Experimental School | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Korbinian Holzer | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Keolis Norge | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Pater Noster Lighthouse | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Brad Hooker | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Frederick Forchheimer | <!DOCTYPE html>
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9th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment | <!DOCTYPE html>
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List of Olympic women's ice hockey players for Canada | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Robert Dietrich | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Shire Hall, Newport | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Mongolic peoples | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Trevor Ranson | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Jack Smith (footballer, born 1882) | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Ralph Johnson (musician) | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Crittall Windows | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Silent Hill: Shattered Memories | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Water management in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Britannia Adelphi Hotel | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Maryland Route 550 | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Hampton Roads Academy | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Rex Gatchalian | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Constempellina | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Ignacio Santiago Sr. | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Ashted | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Saint-Benoît-Labre | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Al Akhdar | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Dick Mesak | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Business Intelligence Competency Center | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Highworth Warneford School | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Iolanda García Sàez | <!DOCTYPE html>
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ROH Take No Prisoners | <!DOCTYPE html>
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The Takeover UK | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Kamill Balatoni | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Andreas Leigh Aabel | <!DOCTYPE html>
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Dawu Sports Stadium | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawu Sports Stadium"
} |
Pittcon Editors' Awards | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittcon Editors' Awards"
} |
Philippine presidential inauguration | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine presidential inauguration"
} |
Right to Dream Academy | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right to Dream Academy"
} |
The Ed Show | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The Ed Show"
} |
2002 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 7 | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 7"
} |
Ian Buchanan (academic) | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian Buchanan (academic)"
} |
George M. Martin | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George M. Martin"
} |
Amagami | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amagami"
} |
Daniel (Bat for Lashes song) | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel (Bat for Lashes song)"
} |
I Get That a Lot | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I Get That a Lot"
} |
Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users"
} |
Politely | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politely"
} |
Guicheng station | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guicheng station"
} |
Tommy Everidge | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy Everidge"
} |
Dave Philistin | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave Philistin"
} |
Grand Etang Lake | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand Etang Lake"
} |
Young Cardinals | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old Crows / Young Cardinals"
} |
L. D. Swamikannu Pillai | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L. D. Swamikannu Pillai"
} |
Kenneth Haworth | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth Haworth"
} |
Winifred Foley | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winifred Foley"
} |
List of cinemas in Toronto | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List of cinemas in Toronto"
} |
Calhoun, Louisiana | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calhoun, Louisiana"
} |
Northgate High School, Dereham | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northgate High School, Dereham"
} |
Chungnam Ilhwa Chunma WFC | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chungnam Ilhwa Chunma WFC"
} |
Bamboo mosaic virus | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo mosaic virus"
} |
2009 Fremantle state by-election | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009 Fremantle state by-election"
} |
Karounga Keïta | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karounga Keïta"
} |
1959–60 Boston Bruins season | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959–60 Boston Bruins season"
} |
Isabella Acres | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella Acres"
} |
Josh Macauley | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh Macauley"
} |
Jon Hol | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon Hol"
} |
Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Foundation | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Foundation"
} |
So Glad I'm Me | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/So Glad I'm Me"
} |
Iowa State Cyclones men's golf | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa State Cyclones men's golf"
} |
Karen Overington | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen Overington"
} |
Viva Machine (album) | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viva Machine (album)"
} |
Social Security number | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social Security number"
} |
Sus, Pune | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sus, Pune"
} |
Arthur Zajonc | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur Zajonc"
} |
Poovukkul | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poovukkul"
} |
Philip Silver | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip Silver"
} |
Ana Štajdohar | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana Štajdohar"
} |
Pallone d'Argento | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallone d'Argento"
} |
The New Babylon | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The New Babylon"
} |
Pete Childs | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete Childs"
} |
Neale Burgess | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neale Burgess"
} |
Harry Atkinson (RAF officer) | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry Atkinson (RAF officer)"
} |
Michael Gross (editor) | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael Gross (editor)"
} |
The Children Thief | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The Children Thief"
} |
Mark Andrus | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark Andrus"
} |
The Wellness Community | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The Wellness Community"
} |
FTC v. Colgate-Palmolive Co. | <!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-w... | {
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTC v. Colgate-Palmolive Co."
} |
Thermal neutral zone | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal neutral zone"
} |
Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Tower | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Tower"
} |
I Don't Want to Talk About It (film) | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I Don't Want to Talk About It (film)"
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Walden Stubbs | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden Stubbs"
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Saint Luke Institute | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint Luke Institute"
} |
Pascal Rigo | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal Rigo"
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Jim Tinndahn | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim Tinndahn"
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Rosalinda (Philippine TV series) | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalinda (Philippine TV series)"
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Hip flask defence | <!DOCTYPE html>
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip flask defence"
} |
1, 2, 3, Sun | <!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-w... | {
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1, 2, 3, Sun"
} |
Leah Marangu | <!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-w... | {
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leah Marangu"
} |
Notre-Dame-des-Pins, Quebec | <!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-w... | {
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Pins, Quebec"
} |
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