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mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | List of military tactics | General: Exploiting prevailing weather – the tactical use of weather as a force multiplier has influenced many important battles throughout history, such as the Battle of Waterloo.
Fire attacks – reconnaissance by fire is used by apprehensive soldiers when they suspect the enemy is nearby.
Force concentration – the pra... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Aerial bomb | Bomb types: Aerial bombs include a vast range and complexity of designs. These include unguided gravity bombs, guided bombs, bombs hand-tossed from a vehicle, bombs needing a large specially-built delivery-vehicle, bombs integrated with the vehicle itself (such as a glide bomb), instant-detonation bombs, or delay-actio... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Aerial warfare | History: The history of aerial warfare began in ancient times, with the use of man-carrying kites in Ancient China. In the third century it progressed to balloon warfare. Airships (notably zeppelins) served in military use in the early years of the 20th century.
Heavier-than-air airplanes first went to war in the Italo... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Air assault | Organization and employment: Air assault and air mobility are related concepts. However, air assault is distinctly a combat insertion rather than transportation to an area in the vicinity of combat.
Air assault units can vary in organization; using helicopters not only in transport but also as close air fire support, m... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Air assault | By the time the war in Algeria had ended, eight officers and 23 non-commissioned officers from ALAT had died in the course of their duties.
Vietnam War: U.S. Army CH-21 helicopter transports arrived in South Vietnam on 11 December 1961. Air assault operations using Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) troops began 1... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Air assault | Variants of the air mobile warfare tactics used in Africa included the Rhodesian Fireforce and the Portuguese heliborne-horseborne forces cooperation.
Bangladesh Liberation War (1971): Meghna Heli Bridge was an aerial operation of Indian and Bangladeshi allied forces during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. It to... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Air combat manoeuvring | Historical overview: Military aviation originated in World War I when aircraft were initially used to spot enemy troop concentrations, field gun positions, and movements. Early aerial combat consisted of aviators shooting at one another with hand-held weapons. The first recorded aircraft to be shot down by another airc... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Air force | History:
Heavier-than-air military aircraft: The first aviation force in the world was the Aviation Militaire of the French Army formed in 1910, which eventually became l'Armée de l'Air. In 1911, during the Italo-Turkish War, Italy employed aircraft for the first time ever in the world for reconnaissance and bombing ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Air force | Infantry: Air assault and Airborne infantry, such as the Royal Air Force Regiment, Royal Australian Air Force Airfield Defense Guards, RNZAF Security Forces, and the US Air Force Security Forces, are used primarily for ground-based defence of air bases and other air force facilities. They also have a number of other sp... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Air interdiction | History:
World War II: In the lead up to the invasion of France, the Allied strategic bomber force was switched from the destruction of the enemy air force and means of production to a destruction of the railway routes to the intended landing areas. Once the landings were underway, the Allied tactical and strategic a... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Air supremacy | Levels: Air supremacy is the highest level, where a side holds complete control of the skies. It is defined by NATO and the United States Department of Defense as the "degree of air superiority wherein the opposing air force is incapable of effective interference".
Air superiority is the second level, where a side is i... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Air supremacy | Mitchell's ideas were not popular, with his outspoken opposition to Army and Navy resistance resulting in a court-martial that precipitated his resignation, but he would prove prescient; his 1924 inspection tour of Hawaii and Asia culminated in a report (published in 1925 as the book Winged Defense) that predicted futu... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Air supremacy | Korean War: The Korean War represented a major turning point for aerial warfare, being the first conflict in which jet aircraft played the central role in combat. Once-formidable fighters such as the P-51 Mustang, F4U Corsair, and Hawker Sea Fury—all piston-engined, propeller-driven, and designed during the Second Worl... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Air supremacy | 1978 Lebanon conflict: The 1978 South Lebanon conflict was an invasion of Lebanon up to the Litani River, carried out by the Israel Defense Forces in 1978 in response to the Coastal Road massacre. Israel had complete air supremacy.
1982 Lebanon invasion: In the 1982 Lebanon War where Israel invaded up to Beirut, Syria... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Airborne early warning and control | General characteristics: Modern AEW&C systems can detect aircraft from up to 400 km (220 nmi) away, well out of range of most surface-to-air missiles. One AEW&C aircraft flying at 9,000 m (30,000 ft) can cover an area of 312,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi). Three such aircraft in overlapping orbits can cover the whole of Centr... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Airborne early warning and control | The Chinese AWACS has a unique phased array radar (PAR) carried in a round radome. Unlike the US AWACS aircraft, which rotate their rotodomes to give a 360 degree coverage, the radar antenna of the Chinese AWACS does not rotate. Instead, three PAR antenna modules are placed in a triangular configuration inside the roun... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Airborne early warning and control | ISBN 978-1857802153.
Gordon, Yefim; Davison, Peter (2006). Tupolev Tu-95 Bear. Warbird Tech. Vol. 43. North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press. ISBN 978-1-58007-102-4.
Hazell, Steve (2000). Fairey Gannet. Warpaint Series No.23. Buckinghamshire, England: Hall Park Books. ISSN 1363-0369.
Hirst, Mike (1983). Airborne Earl... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Airborne forces | Early history: Benjamin Franklin envisioned the danger of airborne attack in 1784, only a few months after the first manned flight in a hot air balloon:
Five Thousand Balloons capable of raising two Men each, would not cost more than Five Ships of the Line: And where is the Prince who can afford so to cover his Countr... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Airborne forces | Japan built a combat strike force of 825 gliders but never committed it to battle.
Allied operations: Ironically, the battle that ended Germany's paratrooper operations had the opposite effect on the Allies. Convinced of the effectiveness of airborne assaults after Crete, the Allies hurried to train and organize their... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Airborne forces | Strong winds encountered en route blew the dropping aircraft off course and scattered them widely. The result was that around half the paratroopers failed to make it to their rallying points. The British airborne troops from the 1st Airborne Division were glider infantry of the 1st Airlanding Brigade, commanded by Brig... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Airborne forces | The task of the airborne forces was to secure the flanks and approaches of the landing beaches in Normandy. The British glider transported troops and paratroopers of the 6th Airborne Division, which secured the eastern flank during Operation Tonga. This operation included the capture of the Caen canal and Orne river br... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Airborne forces | Burma: A large British force, known as the Chindits, operated behind Japanese lines during 1944. In Operation Thursday, most of the units were flown into landing grounds which had been seized by glider infantry transported by the American First Air Commando Group, commencing on March 5. Aircraft continued to land reinf... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Airborne forces | In February 1967 Operation Junction City was launched, it would be the largest operation the Allied forces would assemble. During this operation, 845 members of the 2nd Battalion, 503rd Airmen (Airborne), the 319th Artillery (Airborne), and elements of H&H company of the 173rd Airborne Brigade made the only combat jump... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Airborne forces | Pocket Books, 2003
Ambrose, Stephen E., Band of Brothers. Pocket Books, 2001
Arthur, Max, Forgotten Voices Of The Second World War. Edbury Press, 2005
Balkoski, Joseph, Utah Beach: The Amphibious Landing and Airborne Operations on D-Day, June 6, 1944. Stackpole Books US, 2006
Bando, Mark A., 101st Airborne: The Screami... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Airborne operation | Early history: Benjamin Franklin envisioned the danger of airborne attack in 1784, only a few months after the first manned flight in a hot air balloon:
Five Thousand Balloons capable of raising two Men each, would not cost more than Five Ships of the Line: And where is the Prince who can afford so to cover his Countr... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Airborne operation | Japan built a combat strike force of 825 gliders but never committed it to battle.
Allied operations: Ironically, the battle that ended Germany's paratrooper operations had the opposite effect on the Allies. Convinced of the effectiveness of airborne assaults after Crete, the Allies hurried to train and organize their... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Airborne operation | Strong winds encountered en route blew the dropping aircraft off course and scattered them widely. The result was that around half the paratroopers failed to make it to their rallying points. The British airborne troops from the 1st Airborne Division were glider infantry of the 1st Airlanding Brigade, commanded by Brig... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Airborne operation | The task of the airborne forces was to secure the flanks and approaches of the landing beaches in Normandy. The British glider transported troops and paratroopers of the 6th Airborne Division, which secured the eastern flank during Operation Tonga. This operation included the capture of the Caen canal and Orne river br... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Airborne operation | Burma: A large British force, known as the Chindits, operated behind Japanese lines during 1944. In Operation Thursday, most of the units were flown into landing grounds which had been seized by glider infantry transported by the American First Air Commando Group, commencing on March 5. Aircraft continued to land reinf... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Airborne operation | In February 1967 Operation Junction City was launched, it would be the largest operation the Allied forces would assemble. During this operation, 845 members of the 2nd Battalion, 503rd Airmen (Airborne), the 319th Artillery (Airborne), and elements of H&H company of the 173rd Airborne Brigade made the only combat jump... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Airborne operation | Pocket Books, 2003
Ambrose, Stephen E., Band of Brothers. Pocket Books, 2001
Arthur, Max, Forgotten Voices Of The Second World War. Edbury Press, 2005
Balkoski, Joseph, Utah Beach: The Amphibious Landing and Airborne Operations on D-Day, June 6, 1944. Stackpole Books US, 2006
Bando, Mark A., 101st Airborne: The Screami... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Airbridge (logistics) | See also: Blockade runner, a means of delivering material by ship to a port in naval blockade.
Airlift, an organized delivery of supplies or personnel primarily via aircraft.
== References == |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Aircraft carrier | Types of carriers:
General features: Speed is a crucial attribute for aircraft carriers, as they need to be able to be deployed quickly anywhere in the world and have to be fast enough to evade detection and targeting from enemy forces. A high speed also increases the "wind over the deck", boosting the lift available... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Aircraft carrier | The first carrier-launched airstrike was the Tondern raid in July 1918. Seven Sopwith Camels were launched from the battlecruiser HMS Furious which had been completed as a carrier by replacing her planned forward turret with a flight deck and hangar prior to commissioning. The Camels attacked and damaged the German air... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Aircraft carrier | Carriers also facilitate quick and precise projections of overwhelming military power into such local and regional conflicts.
Lacking the firepower of other warships, carriers by themselves are considered vulnerable to attack by other ships, aircraft, submarines, or missiles. Therefore, an aircraft carrier is generally... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Aircraft carrier | The angled deck allows the installation of one or two "waist" catapults in addition to the two bow cats. An angled deck also improves launch and recovery cycle flexibility with the option of simultaneous launching and recovery of aircraft.
Conventional ("tailhook") aircraft rely upon a landing signal officer (LSO, radi... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Aircraft carrier | Shandong (60,000–70,000 tons) was launched on 26 April 2017. She is the first to be built domestically, to an improved Kuznetsov-class design. Shandong started sea trials on 23 April 2018, and entered service in December 2019.
1 CATOBAR carrier:
Fujian (80,000 tons) is a CATOBAR carrier which was under construction be... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Aircraft carrier | The P-700 systems will be removed in the coming refit to enlarge her below decks aviation facilities as well as upgrading her defensive systems.
The ship has been out of service and in repairs since 2018. The current projection is that repairs will be completed and the ship will be transferred back to the Russian Navy ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Aircraft carrier | Following the deactivation of USS Enterprise in December 2012, the US fleet comprised 10 fleet carriers, but that number increased back to 11 with the commissioning of Gerald R. Ford in July 2017. The House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee on 24 July 2007, recommended seven or eight new carriers (one every four yea... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Airdrop | History: Early airdrops were conducted by dropping or pushing padded bundles from aircraft. Later, small crates fitted with parachutes were pushed out of aircraft side cargo doors. Later, cargo aircraft were designed with rear access ramps, lowerable in flight, that allowed large platforms to be rolled out the back.
As... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Airlift | History: In November 1915 the French squadron MF 99 S, equipped with Farman MF.11, flew wounded soldiers from Serbia through Albania to Corfu. This was the first medevac operation in air history.
In April 1923 aircraft of the British Royal Air Force's Iraq Command flew 280 Sikh troops from Kingarban to Kirkuk in the fi... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Airlift | During the fall of Kabul at the end of the War in Afghanistan after the Taliban captured most of Afghanistan in a 2021 offensive following the withdrawal of US and NATO forces, foreign governments evacuated hundreds of thousands of their citizens as well as at-risk Afghans from Hamid Karzai International Airport. As pa... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | All round defence | See also: Defensive fighting position
Infantry tactics
List of military tactics
Fortification
== References == |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Ambush | History: The use of ambush tactics by early people dates as far back as two million years when anthropologists have recently suggested that ambush techniques were used to hunt large game.
One example from ancient times is the Battle of the Trebia River. Hannibal encamped within striking distance of the Romans with the ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Ambush | Usually, one main OP and numerous secondary OPs were established. Runners and radios were used to communicate between the OPs and the main command post. The OPs were located so that enemy movement into the ambush could be observed. They would remain in position throughout the ambush to report routes of reinforcement an... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Amphibious operations | Preparation and planning: A naval landing operation requires vessels to troops and equipment and might include amphibious reconnaissance. Military intelligence services obtain information on the opponent. Amphibious warfare goes back to ancient times. The Sea Peoples menaced the Egyptians from the reign of Akhenaten as... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Amphibious operations | American Revolutionary War: In 1776 Samuel Nicholas and the Continental Marines, the "progenitor" of the United States Marine Corps, made a first successful landing in the Raid of Nassau in the Bahamas.
In 1782 The British rebuffed a long Franco-Spanish attempt to seize Gibraltar by water-borne forces. In 1783 a Franco... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Amphibious operations | The seaplane tender HMS Ark Royal supported the landings under the command of Commander Robert Clark-Hall. Seaplanes were used for aerial reconnaissance, ground support for the troops landing at Anzac Cove and the bombing of fortifications. Ark Royal was augmented by a squadron from the No. 3 Squadron of the Royal Nava... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Amphibious operations | The Inter-Service Training and Development Centre was established at Fort Cumberland, near Portsmouth in 1938, and brought together representatives from the Royal Navy, Army, and Royal Air Force convened with the portfolio of developing methods and equipment to use in Combined Operations.
The Centre examined certain sp... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Amphibious operations | DIHT" armour, a heat treated steel based on D1 steel, in this case Hadfield's Resista 1⁄4".
The Landing Craft Assault remained the most common British and Commonwealth landing craft of World War II, and the humblest vessel admitted to the books of the Royal Navy on D-Day. Prior to July 1942, these craft were referred ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Amphibious operations | The enormous building program quickly gathered momentum. Such a high priority was assigned to the construction of LSTs that the previously laid keel of an aircraft carrier was hastily removed to make room for several LSTs to be built in her place. The keel of the first LST was laid down on 10 June 1942 at Newport News,... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Amphibious operations | Despite all the progress that was seen during World War II, there were still fundamental limitations in the types of coastline that were suitable for assault. Beaches had to be relatively free of obstacles, and have the right tidal conditions and the correct slope. However, the development of the helicopter fundamental... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Amphibious warfare | Preparation and planning: A naval landing operation requires vessels to troops and equipment and might include amphibious reconnaissance. Military intelligence services obtain information on the opponent. Amphibious warfare goes back to ancient times. The Sea Peoples menaced the Egyptians from the reign of Akhenaten as... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Amphibious warfare | American Revolutionary War: In 1776 Samuel Nicholas and the Continental Marines, the "progenitor" of the United States Marine Corps, made a first successful landing in the Raid of Nassau in the Bahamas.
In 1782 The British rebuffed a long Franco-Spanish attempt to seize Gibraltar by water-borne forces. In 1783 a Franco... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Amphibious warfare | The seaplane tender HMS Ark Royal supported the landings under the command of Commander Robert Clark-Hall. Seaplanes were used for aerial reconnaissance, ground support for the troops landing at Anzac Cove and the bombing of fortifications. Ark Royal was augmented by a squadron from the No. 3 Squadron of the Royal Nava... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Amphibious warfare | The Inter-Service Training and Development Centre was established at Fort Cumberland, near Portsmouth in 1938, and brought together representatives from the Royal Navy, Army, and Royal Air Force convened with the portfolio of developing methods and equipment to use in Combined Operations.
The Centre examined certain sp... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Amphibious warfare | DIHT" armour, a heat treated steel based on D1 steel, in this case Hadfield's Resista 1⁄4".
The Landing Craft Assault remained the most common British and Commonwealth landing craft of World War II, and the humblest vessel admitted to the books of the Royal Navy on D-Day. Prior to July 1942, these craft were referred ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Amphibious warfare | The enormous building program quickly gathered momentum. Such a high priority was assigned to the construction of LSTs that the previously laid keel of an aircraft carrier was hastily removed to make room for several LSTs to be built in her place. The keel of the first LST was laid down on 10 June 1942 at Newport News,... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Amphibious warfare | Despite all the progress that was seen during World War II, there were still fundamental limitations in the types of coastline that were suitable for assault. Beaches had to be relatively free of obstacles, and have the right tidal conditions and the correct slope. However, the development of the helicopter fundamental... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Ancient warfare | Chariots: As states grew in size, the speed of mobilization became crucial because central power could not hold if rebellions could not be suppressed rapidly. The first solution to this was the chariot, which was initially used in the Middle East from around 1800 BC. First pulled by oxen and donkeys, they allowed rapid... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Ancient warfare | One major attraction of the Greek design was not only its efficient ramming capability but also its ability to travel long distances at fair speeds. One account from the Athenian soldier and historian Xenophon describes the voyage of the Athenian fleet commander Iphicrates through unfriendly waters and the strategy he ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Ancient warfare | The daos had a blade equal to two feet in length that had a wide and square-like tip and the handle was made of either wood or ivory, these were the weapons that came to popularity for the Nagas. The Ayudha katti was a single-edged blade also near two feet long but with no handle and wield by the Coorg and Malabar. In ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Ancient warfare | Its form of warfare was based on massed infantry in light armor to pin the enemy force whilst cavalry dealt the killing blow. Cavalry was used in huge numbers but it is not known whether they were heavily armored or not. Most Greek sources claim the Persians wore no armor, but we do have an example from Herodotus which... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Ancient warfare | The overthrow of the Shang by the Zhou saw the creation of a feudal social order, resting militarily on a class of aristocratic chariot warriors (士).
In the Spring and Autumn period, warfare increased. Zuo zhuan describes the wars and battles among the feudal lords during the period. Warfare continued to be stylised an... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Ancient warfare | The memory of the Persian invasion of Greece some 150 years ago was still alive, but the current politics for the Macedonians had put it aside.
Much greater would be the conquests of his son, Alexander the Great, who would add to the phalanx a powerful cavalry, led by his elite Companions, and flexible, innovative form... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Ancient warfare | By the end of the wars in 221 BC, Qin had unified most of the states and occupied some lands south of the Yangtze River. The territories conquered by Qin served as the foundation of the Qin Empire.
Punic Wars
The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and the city of Carthage (a Phoenician descendan... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Anti-access/area denial | Overview:
United States: A2/AD strategy is a significant concern of US policy, viewing it as a weapon of weaker forces that could be used against the US military. The US military considers that enemy adoption of anti-access/area denial strategies "may well be the most difficult operational challenge U.S. forces will ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Anti-aircraft warfare | Terminology: It may also be called counter-air, anti-air, AA, flak, layered air defence or air defence forces.
The term air defence was probably first used by the UK when Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) was created as a Royal Air Force command in 1925. However, arrangements in the UK were also called "anti-aircraft... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Anti-aircraft warfare | In the Soviet Union, this was called Voyska PVO, and had both fighter aircraft, separate from the air force, and ground-based systems. This was divided into two arms, PVO Strany, the Strategic Air defence Service responsible for Air Defence of the Homeland, created in 1941 and becoming an independent service in 1954, a... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Anti-aircraft warfare | With little experience in the role, no means of measuring target, range, height or speed the difficulty of observing their shell bursts relative to the target gunners proved unable to get their fuse setting correct and most rounds burst well below their targets. The exception to this rule was the guns protecting spotti... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Anti-aircraft warfare | Height finders were also increasing in size; in Britain, the seven-foot optical base World War I Barr & Stroud UB 2 stereoscopic rangefinder was replaced by the nine-foot optical base UB 7 and the eighteen-foot optical base UB 10 (only used on static AA sites). Goertz in Germany and Levallois in France produced five m... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Anti-aircraft warfare | The results were sobering to an unexpected degree.
The United States was still emerging from the effects of the Great Depression and funds for the military had been sparse to the degree that 50% of shells used were still powder fused. The US Navy found that a significant portion of its shells were duds or low order det... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Anti-aircraft warfare | Further investigation revealed that US powders would not work in the pom-pom. Bureau of Ordnance was well aware of the Bofors 40 mm gun. The firm York Safe and Lock was negotiating with Bofors to attain the rights to the air-cooled version of the weapon. At the same time Henry Howard, an engineer, and businessman becam... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Anti-aircraft warfare | As this process continued, the missile found itself being used for more and more of the roles formerly filled by guns. First to go were the large weapons, replaced by equally large missile systems of much higher performance. Smaller missiles soon followed, eventually becoming small enough to be mounted on armoured cars... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Anti-aircraft warfare | In particular the Tactical High Energy Laser can be used in the anti-aircraft and anti-missile role. The ALKA directed-energy weapon (DEW) system is a Turkish dual electromagnetic/laser weapon developed by Roketsan allegedly used to destroy one of GNC's Wing Loong II UAVs; if true, this would represent the first known... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Anti-aircraft warfare | Another example of using RPGs against helicopters is Operation Anaconda in March 2002 in Afghanistan. Taliban insurgents defending Shah-i-Kot Valley used RPGs in a direct fire role against landing helicopters. Four rangers were killed when their helicopter was shot down by an RPG, and SEAL team member Neil C. Roberts f... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Anti-war movement | History:
American Revolutionary War: Substantial opposition to British war intervention in America led the British House of Commons on 27 February 1783 to vote against further war in America, paving the way for the Second Rockingham ministry and the Peace of Paris.
Antebellum United States: Substantial antiwar senti... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Anti-war movement | : 109–110 : 85, 89–90 Her arrest and lack of a trial sparked Bella Abzug and WILPF members to write to the United States Congress and petition President Richard Nixon to appeal to South Vietnamese officials for her release,: 126 : 90 which was widely covered in the press. Campaigns opposing the war and conscription a... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Anti-war movement | The second half of the 20th century also witnessed a strong anti-war presence in other art forms, including anti-war music such as "Eve of Destruction", "And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda" and "One Tin Soldier", and films such as M*A*S*H and Die Brücke, opposing the Cold War in general or specific conflicts such as ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Appeasement | History:
Failure of collective security: Appeasement policy, the policy of appeasing Hitler and Mussolini, operating jointly at that time, during 1937 and 1938 by continuous concessions granted in the hope of reaching a point of saturation when the dictators would be willing to accede to international collaboration..... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Appeasement | He wrote in Mein Kampf (1924) that he would attempt a union of his birth country Austria with Germany by any means possible and by force if necessary. By early 1938, Hitler had consolidated his power in Germany and was ready to implement his long-held plan.
Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg wished to pursue ties wit... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Appeasement | Slovakia separated and created under a puppet government of Germany.
In March 1939, Chamberlain foresaw a possible disarmament conference between himself, Daladier, Hitler, Mussolini and Stalin. British Home Secretary, Samuel Hoare, said, "These five men, working together in Europe and blessed in their efforts by the P... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Appeasement | I cannot myself doubt that these fellows are genuine haters of Communism, etc.! And I daresay if we were in their position we might feel the same!"
Most Conservative MPs were also in favour, but Churchill said that their supporters were divided and in 1936 led a delegation of leading Conservative politicians to express... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Appeasement | When asked at press conferences about Hitler's abuse of Jews and other minority groups, he went so far as to denounce these reports as "Jewish-Communist propaganda".
Chamberlain's direct manipulation of the BBC was sustained and egregious. For example, Lord Halifax told radio producers not to offend Hitler and Mussolin... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Appeasement | As a result, they had mixed feelings towards the German and Italian regimes which had crushed the communists and socialists in their own countries".
Postwar politicians: Statesmen in the postwar years have often referred to their opposition to appeasement as a justification for firm, sometimes armed, action in interna... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Appeasement | Journal of peace research 35.2 (1998): 245–259.
Finney, Patrick. "The romance Of decline: The historiography of appeasement and British national identity." Electronic Journal of International History 1 (2000). online; comprehensive evaluation of the scholarship
Hughes, R. Gerald. "The Ghosts of Appeasement: Britain and... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Area denial weapon | Historical methods:
Anti-cavalry: In medieval warfare, sturdy stakes were stuck into the ground at the bottom of long lines of ditches, positioned with a sharp end pointing up diagonally, in order to prevent cavalry charges in a given area. Even if the stakes were spotted, horsemen would be forced to dismount and eff... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Area of responsibility | Area of operation: The Areas of Operation, or AOs, are areas that component and force commanders define as their tactical operability. It is also known as close battlespace. The commanders focus on establishing command and control in this area; which encompasses all aspects of fire support—naval gunfire, air and artill... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Armistice | International law: Under international law, an armistice is a legal agreement (often in a document) that ends fighting between the "belligerent parties" of a war or conflict. At the Hague Convention of 1899, three treaties were agreed and three declarations made. The Convention with respect to the Laws and Customs of W... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Armored warfare | World War I: Modern armored warfare began during the First World War of 1914–1918. Strategists wanted to break the tactical, operational and strategic stalemates forced on commanders on the Western Front by the effectiveness of entrenched defensive infantry armed with machine guns – known as trench warfare. Under these... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Armored warfare | Despite the increase in tank numbers, in all countries financial constraints prohibited a full mechanisation of the entire armed ground forces. Necessarily, most of the divisions still consisted of infantry that was not even motorised. As a result, tanks tended to be allotted to special armoured units, where the limite... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Armored warfare | These ideas culminated in the "PU-36" or the 1936 Field Service Regulations.
Wartime: At the start of the Second World War much of the Red Army, including its armoured forces, was in transition and recovering from the 1937 repression of the officer corps. The Red Army ignored the lessons from Nomonhan, which had been ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Armored warfare | It was decided therefore to slow the production of the U.S. heavy tank designs such as the M26 Pershing and concentrate resources on mass-producing the M4 Sherman and tank destroyers such as the M18 Hellcat.
To be able get into position to counter-attack, the tank destroyers had to be fast. To achieve the desired mobil... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Armored warfare | In the early 1960s this led to a number of important developments in the armoured forces and their supporting Arms. One important development was the transition of the Second World War use of Cavalry-Mechanised Group (CMG) into the Cold War Operational Manoeuvre Group (OMG) that was designed to exploit breakthroughs to... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Armored warfare | Airborne threats: Tanks and other armoured vehicles are vulnerable to attack from the air for several reasons. One is that they are easily detectable—the metal they are made of shows up well on radar, and is especially obvious if they are moving in formation. A moving tank also produces a lot of heat, noise and dust. T... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Armoured fighting vehicle | Evolution: The concept of a highly mobile and protected fighting unit has been around for centuries; from Hannibal's war elephants to Leonardo's contraptions, military strategists endeavoured to maximize the mobility and survivability of their soldiers.
Armoured fighting vehicles were not possible until internal combus... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Armoured fighting vehicle | Vickers Armstrong developed one of the first SPAAGs based on the chassis of the Mk.E 6-ton light tank/Dragon Medium Mark IV tractor, mounting a Vickers QF-1 "Pom-Pom" gun of 40 mm. The Germans fielded the Sd.Kfz. 10/4 and 6/2, cargo halftracks mounting single 20 mm or 37 mm AA guns (respectively) by the start of the wa... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Armoured fighting vehicle | Tankette: A tankette is a tracked armed and armoured vehicle resembling a small "ultra-light tank" or "super-light tank" roughly the size of a car, mainly intended for light infantry support or scouting. Tankettes were introduced in the mid-1920s as a reconnaissance vehicle and a mobile machine gun position They were o... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Armoured fighting vehicle | Security vehicles are typically armed with a turreted heavy machine gun and auxiliary medium machine gun. The vehicle is designed to minimize firepower dead space. Non-lethal water cannons and tear gas cannons can provide suppressive fire in lieu of unnecessary deadly fire.
The vehicle must be protected against weapons... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Armoured fighting vehicle | Wheeled examples are the BRDM-1 and BRDM-2 4x4 armoured scout cars, as well as the BTR-60, BTR-70, BTR-80, BTR-94 and BTR-90 8x8 armoured personnel carriers.
The United States started developing a long line of Landing Vehicle Tracked (LVT) designs from c. 1940. The US Marine Corps currently uses the AAV7-A1 Assault Amp... |
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