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200 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: it is now widely accepted that dense filaments of molecular gas are integral to the process of stellar birth and potential star - forming cores often appear embedded within these filaments . although numerical simulations have largely succeeded in reproducing... | _ 2014 ; higuchi _ et al .
_ 2014 and other references therein ) . |
201 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we present the results of a new calculation of the photodisintegration of ultrahigh energy cosmic - ray ( uhcr ) nuclei in intergalactic space .
the critical interactions for energy loss and photodisintegration of uhcr nuclei occur with photons of the 2.73 ... | . we will refer to such cosmic rays of total energies above 10 eev as ultrahigh energy cosmic rays ( uhcr ) .
in the more conventional scenario , uhcrs are charged particles which must be accelerated to ultrahigh energies by electromagnetic processes at extragalactic sites , both because there are no known sites in our... |
202 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: quantum systems out of equilibrium are now a subject of intensive research both in theoretical and experimental physics . in this paper
we study periodically modulated quantum systems which are in contact with a stationary environment . within the framework... | the creation of designated pure and highly entangled states of many - body quantum systems by using specially designed dissipative operators , has promoted dissipation to the same level of importance as the underlying unitary dynamics .
the use of time - periodic modulations constitutes another channel to impact states... |
203 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the point sets of all known optimal rectilinear drawings of @xmath0 share an unmistakeable clustering property , the so called _ 3decomposability_. it is widely believed that the underlying point sets of all optimal rectilinear drawings of @xmath0 are @xmath... | we also say that the underlying rectilinear drawing of @xmath0 is @xmath1_decomposable_. a possible choice of @xmath20 , and @xmath19 for the example in figure [ fig : figure1 ] is illustrated in figure [ fig : figure2 ] .
[ ht ] 1 cm 0.5 cm it is widely believed that all optimal rectilinear drawings of... |
204 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we have directly measured the energy threshold and efficiency for bubble nucleation from iodine recoils in a cf@xmath0i bubble chamber in the energy range of interest for a dark matter search .
these interactions can not be probed by standard neutron calibr... | , a measured scattering angle corresponds to a different recoil energy depending on which nucleus is involved in the interaction ; in this paper , we will refer to iodine equivalent recoil energy , @xmath30 , as the energy given to an iodine nucleus for a given pion scattering angle . for a @xmath1 pion beam ,
approxim... |
205 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we have calculated the nonlinear current of a number of single band s - wave electron - phonon superconductors . among issues considered were those of dimensionality , strong electron - phonon coupling , impurities , and comparison with bcs . for the case of ... | one prediction was that an anisotropy should exist in the nonlinear current as a function of the direction of the superfluid velocity relative to the position of the node .
this would be reflected in an anisotropy of a term in the inverse penetration depth which is linear in the magnetic field @xmath2 . |
206 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: three disjoint rays in @xmath0 form _ borromean rays _ provided their union is knotted , but the union of any two components is unknotted .
we construct infinitely many borromean rays , uncountably many of which are pairwise inequivalent .
we obtain uncou... | fox and artin discovered the first knotted ray @xcite .
the boundary of a closed regular neighborhood of any knotted ray is a knotted hyperplane . for @xmath5 , |
207 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: based on a recent formulation of the @xmath0parameter of a photonic crystal fiber we provide numerically based empirical expressions for this quantity only dependent on the two structural parameters the air hole diameter and the hole - to - hole center spaci... | the aim of this work is to provide a set of numerically based empirical expressions describing the basic properties such as cutoff and mode - field radius of a pcf based on the fundamental geometrical parameters only .
we consider the fiber structure first studied by knight _ |
208 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: 1-nearest neighbor with the dynamic time warping ( dtw ) distance is one of the most effective classifiers on time series domain .
since the global constraint has been introduced in speech community , many global constraint models have been proposed includi... | though the euclidean distance is commonly used to measure the dissimilarity between two time series , it has been shown that dtw distance is more appropriate and produces more accurate results .
sakoe - chiba band ( s - c band ) @xcite originally speeds up the dtw calculation and later has been introduced to be used as... |
209 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: for random matrices with tree - like structure there exists a recursive relation for the local green functions whose solution permits to find directly many important quantities in the limit of infinite matrix dimensions .
the purpose of this note is to inve... | tree is a graph where any pair of vertices is connected by only one path without repeating vertices .
vertices are labeled by integers . if a symmetric ( or hermitian ) matrix @xmath0 is such that its entries @xmath1 , @xmath2 , are non - zero if and only if vertices @xmath3 and @xmath4 are connected on a given tree , ... |
210 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: spin and chirality orderings of the three - dimensional heisenberg spin glass under magnetic fields are studied by large - scale equilibrium monte carlo simulations .
it is found that the chiral - glass transition and the chiral - glass ordered state , whic... | if one tries to understand real experimental sg ordering , one has to remember that many of real sg materials are more or less heisenberg - like rather than ising , in the sense that the random magnetic anisotropy is considerably weaker than the isotropic exchange interaction@xcite .
for example , in widely studied can... |
211 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we present a method for rejecting competing models from noisy time - course data that does not rely on parameter inference .
first we characterize ordinary differential equation models in only measurable variables using differential algebra elimination .
... | however many of these approaches are limited to comparing the behavior of models at steady - state @xcite .
inspired by techniques commonly used in applied algebraic geometry @xcite and algebraic statistics @xcite , methods for discriminating between models without estimating parameters has been developed for steady - ... |
212 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: using a high resolution hydrodynamical cosmological simulation of the formation of a massive spheroidal galaxy we show that elliptical galaxies can be very compact and massive at high redshift in agreement with recent observations
. accretion of stripped in... | their effective stellar mass densities are at least one order of magnitude higher @xcite with significantly higher surface brightnesses compared to their low redshift analogs .
these observations are difficult to reconcile with some current idealized formation scenarios for elliptical galaxies . |
213 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the reaction @xmath0 was measured at the mainz microtron mami at an invariant mass of @xmath1 and four - momentum transfers of @xmath2 , @xmath3 and @xmath4 . for each value of @xmath5
, a rosenbluth separation of the transverse and longitudinal cross secti... | the axial form factor is then extracted by fitting the @xmath5-dependence of the ( anti)neutrino - nucleon cross section , @xmath12 in which @xmath13 is contained in the bilinear forms @xmath14 , @xmath15 and @xmath16 of the relevant form factors and is assumed to be the only unknown quantity .
it can be parameterised ... |
214 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: previous studies have shown that _ wise_-selected hyperluminous , hot dust - obscured galaxies ( hot dogs ) are powered by highly dust - obscured , possibly compton - thick agns .
high obscuration provides us a good chance to study the host morphology of th... | galaxy mergers have been proposed to funnel gas into the center of galaxies , leading to a central starburst and rapid growth of a smbh @xcite . one promising approach to investigate the merger - driven co - evolution scenario is to study the merger features in agn host galaxies .
however , previous studies have pro... |
215 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: adequate description of electro and gamma nuclear physics is of utmost importance in studies of electron beam - dumps and intense electron beam accelerators .
i also is mandatory to describe neutron backgrounds and activation in linear colliders .
this ph... | currently 14 nuclei are used in defining the parameterization : @xmath4h , @xmath5h , @xmath6he , @xmath7li , @xmath8li , @xmath9be , @xmath10c , @xmath11o , @xmath12al , @xmath13ca , cu , sn , pb , and u. the result is a function of @xmath0 and @xmath1 , where @xmath2 is the incident photon energy .
the cross - sectio... |
216 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the attenuation of heavy - flavored particles in nucleus
nucleus collisions tests the microscopic dynamics of medium - induced parton energy loss and , in particular , its expected dependence on the identity ( color charge and mass ) of the parent parton .... | in addition , charm and beauty quarks are qualitatively different probes with respect to light partons , since their energy loss is expected to be reduced , as a consequence of a mass - dependent restriction in the phase - space into which gluon radiation can occur @xcite .
we study quenching effects for heavy quarks ... |
217 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: monte carlo simulations using the newly proposed wang - landau algorithm together with the broad histogram relation are performed to study the antiferromagnetic six - state clock model on the triangular lattice , which is fully frustrated .
we confirm the e... | another debated issue is whether the universality class of the chiral ordering belongs to the ising universality class or not @xcite .
the system has a corresponding physical realization on a planar arrays of coupled josephson junctions in a transverse magnetic field @xcite and discotic liquid crystals @xcite . as a 2d... |
218 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we show how the standard ( strmer - verlet ) splitting method for differential equations of hamiltonian mechanics ( with accuracy of order @xmath0 for a timestep of length @xmath1 ) can be improved in a systematic manner without using the composition method .... | one may then use the cambell - baker - hausdorff formula to approximate the flow generated by @xmath8 .
one obtains the strang splitting formula @xcite @xmath16\right]+\cdots},\ ] ] which shows that time stepping this expression with a timestep @xmath1 provides an approximation with relative accuracy of order @xmath0 ... |
219 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: single photon sources based on semiconductor quantum dots offer distinct advantages for quantum information , including a scalable solid - state platform , ultrabrightness , and interconnectivity with matter qubits .
a key prerequisite for their use in opti... | the coherence time @xmath47 fitted ( using the corrected eqn.(1 ) from ref.@xcite ) from the cw rf spectra at @xmath46 is closest to being radiative lifetime limited : @xmath47/@xmath48=0.93(6 ) , where @xmath49 is the exciton lifetime which is measured separately to be of 390(10)ps using time - resolved pulsed rf .
th... |
220 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we propose a technique to prepare coherent superpositions of two nondegenerate quantum states in a three - state ladder system , driven by two simultaneous fields near resonance with an intermediate state .
the technique , of potential application to enhanc... | numerous authors have noted that nonlinear optical processes , e.g. resonantly enhanced frequency mixing in atomic vapours , can be significantly improved @xcite by preparing the nonlinear optical medium in a coherent superposition of nondegenerate quantum states .
whereas numerous techniques exist to prepare coherent... |
221 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we present a theoretical analysis of intraband optical transitions from the intermediate pseudo - band of confined states to the conduction band in a finite , inhomogeneous stack of self - assembled semiconductor quantum dots .
the chain is modeled with an ... | , width=321 ] we model the confined electron states @xmath0 as superpositions of the ground states @xmath7 confined in the individual dots ( where @xmath8 numbers the dots ) . for simplicity , we assume that each of these single dot states has an identical wave function , @xmath9 where @xmath10 is the position of th... |
222 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: in this paper , we consider phenomenology of a model with an @xmath0 gauge symmetry . since the muon couples to the @xmath0 gauge boson ( called @xmath1 boson ) , its contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment ( muon g-2 ) can account for the discrepa... | so far , no explicit evidence of physics beyond the sm has been reported from the lhc .
several groups , however , have reported an anomaly of the muon anomalous magnetic moment @xmath9 ( muon g-2 ) , which has been precisely measured experimentally @xcite and compared with state - of - the - art theoretical predictio... |
223 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: a smooth five - dimensional @xmath0-cobordism becomes a smooth product if stabilized by a finite number @xmath1 of @xmath2)$ ] s .
we show that for amenable fundamental groups , the minimal @xmath1 is subextensive in covers , i.e. , @xmath3 .
we focus on ... | it is tempting to guess that good groups can be extended to all amenable groups , but this is not presently known . though the question of any classification up to diffeomorphism seems completely intractable at this point , it was noticed by quinn @xcite in the 1970 s that these subtleties disappear under stabilizat... |
224 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we report a detailed nuclear magnetic resonance ( nmr ) study by combined @xmath0na and @xmath1as measurements over a broad range of doping to map the phase diagram of nafe@xmath2co@xmath3as . in the underdoped regime
( @xmath4 0.017 ) , we find a magnetic ... | the competition between antiferromagnetism and superconductivity forms the basis for the majority of the observed phenomena and for several classes of materials the debate can be phrased in terms of the extent to which phase separation is the outcome . the stripe phase , which has been the object of heated research int... |
225 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the basic ideas underlying the production dynamics and search techniques for disoriented chiral condensate are described . .
And you have already written the first three sentences of the full article: these notes are an abbreviated version of lectures given a... | the second topic is a discussion of the phenomenological techniques which may be applied to data in order to experimentally search for the existence of dcc .
two other topics were discussed in the lectures but will not be mentioned in these notes other than in this introduction . |
226 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: several high - performance lab instruments suitable for manual assembly have been developed using low - pin - count 32-bit microcontrollers that communicate with an android tablet via a usb interface .
a single android tablet app accommodates multiple inter... | these instruments are suitable for construction by students with some experience in soldering small chips , and are programmed using standard c code that can easily be modified .
this offers both flexibility and educational opportunities . |
227 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we study the entanglement dynamics of two qubits , each of which is embedded into its local amplitude - damping reservoir , and the entanglement distribution among all the bipartite subsystems including qubit - qubit , qubit - reservoir , and reservoir - rese... | for example , it was found that the entanglement of qubits under the markovian decoherence can be terminated in a finite time despite the coherence of single qubit losing in an asymptotical manner @xcite . the phenomenon called as entanglement sudden death ( esd
) @xcite has been observed experimentally @xcite . |
228 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the rosette hh1 jet is a collimated flow immersed in the strong uv radiation field of the rosette nebula .
we investigate the physical properties of the rosette hh1 jet using high - quality narrow - band images and high - dispersion spectroscopy .
the new... | recently , two such photoionized jet systems , the rosette hh1 and hh2 jets , were discovered within the central cavity of the rosette nebula @xcite . the rosette nebula is a spectacular region excavated by strong stellar winds from dozens of ob stars at the center of the young open cluster ngc 2244 , the primary compo... |
229 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we report a detection of the excited @xmath0 rotational transition of para- in apm 08279 + 5255 using the iram plateau de bure interferometer . at @xmath1 ,
this is the highest - redshift detection of interstellar water to date . from lvg modeling , we co... | for example , @xcite have recently reported a detection of water in j090302 - 014127b ( sdp.17b ) at @xmath5 .
one of the exciting recent results from hifi @xcite is the detection of widespread absorption in the fundamental @xmath2 rotational transition of hydrogen fluoride toward galactic sources @xcite . |
230 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: a huge amount of entropy is produced at places where fresh water and seawater mix , for example at river mouths .
this mixing process is a potentially enormous source of sustainable energy , provided it is harnessed properly , for instance by a cyclic charg... | it is estimated that the combined power from all large estuaries in the world could take care of approximately 20% of today s worldwide energy demand @xcite .
extracting or storing this energy is therefore a potentially serious option that our fossil - fuel burning society may have to embrace in order to become sustain... |
231 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: using molecular dynamics based on langevin equations with a coordinate- and velocity - dependent damping coefficient , we study the frictional properties of a thin layer of `` soft '' lubricant ( where the interaction within the lubricant is weaker than the l... | a thin lubricant film , when its thickness is lower than about six molecular layers , typically solidifies even if the conditions ( temperature and pressure ) are those corresponding to the bulk liquid state . as a result , the static friction force is nonzero , @xmath2 , and the system exhibits stick - slip motion , w... |
232 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we consider in this paper blow - up solutions of the semilinear wave equation in one space dimension , with an exponential source term . assuming that initial data are in @xmath0 or some times in @xmath1
, we derive the blow - up rate near a non - character... | for that reason , we call it a blow - up solution
. the existence of blow - up solutions is guaranteed by ode techniques and the finite speed of propagation . |
233 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: generalized vorobev - yablonski polynomials have been introduced by clarkson and mansfield in their study of rational solutions of the second painlev hierarchy .
we present new hankel determinant identities for the squares of these special polynomials in te... | @xcite ) , the schur polynomial @xmath11 $ ] in the variable @xmath12 associated to the partition @xmath13 with @xmath14 is determined by the jacobi - trudi determinant , [ jtrudi ] s _ ( ) = _ j , k=1^ ( ) . here ,
@xmath15 for @xmath16 is defined by the generating series [ hdef ] _ |
234 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we consider a gaussian sequence space model @xmath0 where @xmath1 has a diagonal covariance matrix @xmath2 .
we consider the situation where the parameter vector @xmath3 is sparse .
our goal is to estimate the unknown parameter by a model selection approa... | model selection is a core problem in statistics .
one of the main reference in the field dates back to the aic criterion @xcite , but there has been a huge amount of papers on this subject ( e.g. , @xcite ) . |
235 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: data obtained during five months of 2001 with the gravitational wave ( gw ) detectors explorer and nautilus were studied in correlation with the gamma ray burst data ( grb ) obtained with the bepposax satellite . during
this period bepposax was the only grb... | thanks to the bepposax satellite @xcite , afterglow emission at lower wavelengths has been discovered @xcite and we now know that at least long ( @xmath17s ) grb s are at cosmological distances , with measured red shifts up to 4.5 ( see , e.g. , review by djorgovski @xcite and references therein ) . among the possible ... |
236 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: a simple mathematical definition of the 4-port model for pure prolog is given .
the model combines the intuition of ports with a compact representation of execution state . forward and
backward derivation steps are possible .
the model satisfies a modul... | our approach is to define ports by virtue of their effect , as _
port transitions_. a port transition relates two _ |
237 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we present an analysis of the behaviour of the ` coarse - grained ' ( ` mesoscopic ' ) rank partitioning of the mean energy of collections of particles composing virialized dark matter halos in a @xmath0-cdm cosmological simulation .
we find evidence that r... | kandrup and collaborators @xcite argued on the existence of ` mesoscopic constraints ' of pure gravitational origin in systems relaxing towards virialization ( hereon , the ` kandrup effect ' ) .
these constraints were inferred from the general preservation of the ` coarse - grained ' partitioning of the ranked energy ... |
238 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the prediction of cross sections for nuclei far off stability is crucial in the field of nuclear astrophysics . in recent calculations
the nuclear level density as an important ingredient to the statistical model ( hauser - feshbach ) has shown the highes... | they have intrinsically a high density of excited states .
a high level density in the compound nucleus at the appropriate excitation energy allows to make use of the statistical model approach for compound nuclear reactions ( e.g. @xcite ) , which averages over resonances . in this paper , we want to present new resu... |
239 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we introduce and solve a model which considers two coupled networks growing simultaneously .
the dynamics of the networks is governed by the new arrival of network elements ( nodes ) making preferential attachments to pre - existing nodes in both networks .... | knowledge of how many times their publications are cited can be seen as good feedback for the authors , which brings about an unspoken demand for the statistical analysis of citation data .
one of the impressive empirical studies on citation distribution of scientific publications @xcite showed that the distribution is... |
240 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we present optical spectroscopic identifications of hard x - ray ( 5 - 10 kev ) selected sources belonging to the hellas sample obtained with _ bepposax _ down to a 5 - 10 kev flux limit of @xmath0@xmath1@xmath2 erg @xmath3 s@xmath4 .
the sample consists of... | the evolution of agn1 has been well measured ( see e.g. della ceca et al . 1992 ; boyle et al . 2000 ; miyaji , hasinger , & schmidt 2000 ) . on the contrary
the production of samples of agn2 has been difficult at any wavelength and limited to few local surveys . |
241 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we develop the notion of shower partons and determine their distributions in jets in the framework of the recombination model .
the shower parton distributions obtained render a good fit of the fragmentation functions .
we then illustrate the usefulness o... | it is the recombination of partons that is shown to be the more appropriate hadronization process , especially when the soft partons are involved .
although at extremely high @xmath2 fragmentation is still dominant , it is desirable to have a universal description that can be applied to any @xmath2 , based on the same ... |
242 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the explosive transition of a massive neutron star to a quark star ( the quark - nova ; qn ) releases in excess of @xmath0 erg in kinetic energy which can drastically impact the surrounding environment of the qn .
a qn is triggered when a neutron star gains... | when occurring in binaries , quark - novae ( qne ) have the potential to transform our view of binary evolution and has serious implications to both high - energy astrophysics and cosmology . after a description of the qn and its energetics in section 2 , we briefly review two cases of qne in binaries .
the first case ... |
243 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we present low - state iue spectroscopy of the rosat - discovered polar rxj1313.2@xmath03259 .
the swp spectrum displays a broad absorption profile , which can be fitted with a two - temperature model of a white dwarf of @xmath1k with a hot spot of @xmath2... | is known about the temperatures of the accreting white dwarfs in these systems .
the main reasons for this scarcity are twofold . |
244 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we performed _ spitzer _
infrared spectrograph mapping observations covering nearly the entire extent of the cassiopeia a supernova remnant ( snr ) , producing mid - infrared ( 5.5 - 35 @xmath0 m ) spectra every 5@xmath1 - 10@xmath1 .
gas lines of ar , ne... | 2003 , n03 ) predicted the formation of a significant quantity of dust ( @xmath6 @xmath7 ) in the ejecta of type ii sne , and the predicted dust mass is believed to be sufficient to account for the quantity of dust observed at high redshifts ( maiolino et al .
2006 ; meikle et al . |
245 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we show that non - locality of quantum mechanics can not lead to superluminal transmission of information , even if most general local operations are allowed , as long as they are linear and trace preserving .
in particular , any quantum mechanical approxim... | our scenario throughout the paper for the attempt to transmit information with superluminal speed is the well - known entanglement - based communication scheme@xcite .
the idea is the following : two space - like separated parties , say alice and bob , share an entangled state of a pair of two - dimensional quantum sys... |
246 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: in this introductory talk we will establish connections between the statistical analysis of galaxy clustering in cosmology and recent work in mainstream spatial statistics .
the lecture will review the methods of spatial statistics used by both sets of scho... | there is a reason for that the rapid increase of the amount and quality of the available observational data on the galaxy distribution ( also on clusters of galaxies and quasars ) and on the temperature fluctuations of the microwave background radiation .
these are the two fossils of the early universe on which cosmol... |
247 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we show that exclusive double - diffractive higgs production , @xmath0 , followed by the @xmath1 decay , could play an important role in identifying a ` light ' higgs boson at the lhc , provided that the forward outgoing protons are tagged .
we predict the ... | there is no obvious perfect detection process , but rather a range of possibilities , none of which is compelling on its own .
some of the processes are listed in table 1 , together with the predicted event rates for the integrated luminosity of 30 fb@xmath4 expected over the first two or three year period of lhc run... |
248 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: in this work , we propose a new local optimization method to solve a class of nonconvex semidefinite programming ( sdp ) problems . the basic idea is to approximate the feasible set of the nonconvex sdp problem by inner positive semidefinite convex approximat... | many attempts have been done to solve these problems by employing convex semidefinite programming ( in particular , optimization with linear matrix inequality ( lmi ) constraints ) techniques @xcite .
the methods developed in those papers are based on augmented lagrangian functions , generalized sequential semidefinit... |
249 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: it is shown using numerical simulations that flow patterns around an obstacle potential moving in a superfluid exhibit hysteresis . in a certain velocity region , there is a bistability between stationary laminar flow and periodic vortex shedding .
the bist... | the transitions between laminar flow and vortex shedding states occur in a hysteretic manner as a function of the reynolds number .
it is known that the taylor |
250 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: in this article , we study the new q - tensor model previously derived from onsager s molecular theory by han _
et al . _
[ _ arch .
rational mech .
anal .
_ , 215.3 ( 2014 ) , pp .
741 - 809 ] for static liquid crystal modeling .
taking density... | , the order parameters should be discretely representable with reasonable dimensions while keeping the energy functional well - posed , concise , and efficient .
the classical models for static liquid crystals can be classified into three scales : molecular models , tensor models , and vector models . |
251 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: an extensive search for distant giant radio galaxies on the southern hemisphere is justified .
we emphasize the crucial role of optical spectroscopy in determination of their basic physical parameters , i.e. the distance , projected linear size , volume of ... | @xmath1 pc compact steep spectrum ( css ) , @xmath1
@xmath2 pc normal - size sources , up to greater than 1 mpc |
252 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we obtain the nuclear proximity potential by using semiclassical extended thomas fermi ( etf ) approach in skyrme energy density formalism ( sedf ) , and use it in the extended @xmath0-summed wong formula under frozen density approximation .
this method has... | the repulsive core changes the shape of the inner part of the potential in terms of a thicker barrier ( reduced curvature @xmath5 ) and shallower pocket . here , deformations are included up to hexadecapole ( @xmath6 ) and the orientation degrees of freedom is integrated over all the allowed values in the same plane .
... |
253 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we study non - adiabatic charge pumping through single - level quantum dots taking into account coulomb interactions .
we show how a truncated set of equations of motion can be propagated in time by means of an auxiliary - mode expansion .
this formalism ... | early theoretical investigations where devoted to the adiabatic pumping regime within the single - particle approximation @xcite .
this is well justified for experiments with open qds , where interaction effects are believed to be weak @xcite and the typical pumping parameters are slow with respect the characteristic t... |
254 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: a case study in bifurcation and stability analysis is presented , in which reduced dynamical system modelling yields substantial new global and predictive information about the behaviour of a complex system . the first smooth pathway , free of pathological an... | flow energetics that is complementary to direct numerical simulation and can guide experimental design . reduced dynamical models are powerful tools for describing and analysing complex systems such as turbulent plasmas and fluids , primarily because they are supported by well - developed mathematics that gives qual... |
255 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we present long monte carlo simulations of a simple model of biological macroevolution in which births , deaths , and mutational changes in the genome take place at the level of individual organisms .
the model displays punctuated equilibria and flicker noi... | one such model was recently introduced by hall , christensen , and coworkers @xcite . to enable very long monte carlo ( mc ) simulations of the evolutionary behavior
, we have developed a simplified version of this model , for which we here present preliminary results . |
256 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we present the result of a search for a massive color - octet vector particle , ( e.g. a massive gluon ) decaying to a pair of top quarks in proton - antiproton collisions with a center - of - mass energy of 1.96 tev .
this search is based on 1.9 fb@xmath... | searches for a color - singlet particle decaying to a @xmath1 pair have been performed by cdf and d0 collaborations in run i @xcite and run ii @xcite . in this letter
we describe a search for a massive color - octet vector particle @xmath5 , which we call generically a `` massive gluon '' . |
257 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: it is well known that the dark matter dominates the dynamics of galaxies and clusters of galaxies .
its constituents remain a mystery despite an assiduous search for them over the past three decades .
recent results from the satellite - based pamela exper... | surprisingly the rotation velocity is observed to remain nearly constant till the last point at which it can be measured .
the simple principle of rotational equilibrium then tells one that the amount of dark to visible mass must increase at larger radii . |
258 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: it is shown that an exact chiral symmetry can be described for dirac - khler fermions using the two complexes of the geometric discretization .
this principle is extended to describe exact flavour projection and it is shown that this necessitates the introd... | however , defining such a scheme has proven to be very challenging .
the difficulties are usually exhibited by the hodge star , which maps a form to its complement in the space , and the wedge product between forms . in a discretization , we would like the latter to allow the product rule to be satisfied and we would l... |
259 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: a simple model is presented for the appearance of attraction between two like charged polyions inside a polyelectrolyte solution .
the polyions are modeled as rigid cylinders in a continuum dielectric solvent .
the strong electrostatic interaction between... | one particularly striking example is provided by the condensation of dna by multivalent ions such as @xmath1 , @xmath2 and various polyamines @xcite .
this condensation provides an answer to the long standing puzzle of how a highly charged macromolecule , such as the dna , can be confined to a small volume of viral he... |
260 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: previous observations of the middle - aged pulsar geminga with _ xmm - newton _ and _ chandra _ have shown an unusual pulsar wind nebula ( pwn ) , with a @xmath0 long central ( axial ) tail directed opposite to the pulsar s proper motion and two @xmath1 long ... | the shocked pw is confined between the termination shock ( ts ) and contact discontinuity ( cd ) surface that separates the shocked pw from the shocked ambient medium between the cd and the forward shock ( fs ) .
the shapes of the ts , cd , and fs depend on the wind outflow geometry and the ratio of the pulsar s speed ... |
261 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: in this paper , a cognitive relay channel is considered , and amplify - and - forward ( af ) relay beamforming designs in the presence of an eavesdropper and a primary user are studied .
our objective is to optimize the performance of the cognitive relay be... | note further that this broadcast nature also makes wireless communications vulnerable to eavesdropping .
the problem of secure transmission in the presence of an eavesdropper was first studied from an information - theoretic perspective in @xcite where wyner considered a wiretap channel model . in @xcite , |
262 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: ultrasensitive response motifs , which are capable of converting graded stimulus in binary responses , are very well - conserved in signal transduction networks . although it has been shown that a cascade arrangement of multiple ultrasensitive modules can pro... | sigmoidal curves are characterized by a sharp transition from low to high output following a slight change of the input .
the steepness of this transition is called ultrasensitivity [ 15 ] . in general |
263 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: linear field perturbations of a black hole are described by the green function of the wave equation that they obey .
after fourier decomposing the green function , its two natural contributions are given by poles ( quasinormal modes ) and a largely unexplor... | the behaviour of the radial potential at infinity leads to a branch cut in the radial solution @xmath22 @xcite .
the contour of integration in eq.([eq : green ] ) can be deformed in the complex-@xmath3 plane @xcite yielding a contribution from a high - frequency arc , a series over the residues ( the qnms ) and a con... |
264 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: stars with radiative envelopes , specifically the upper main sequence chemically peculiar ( ap ) stars , were among the first objects outside our solar system for which surface magnetic fields have been detected
. currently magnetic ap stars remains the onl... | chromospheric and x - ray emission and surface temperature inhomogeneities , which are responsible for characteristic photometric variability , provide an indirect evidence of the surface magnetic fields in cool stars .
in contrast , stars hotter than about mid - f spectral type and more massive than @xmath01.5@xmath1 ... |
265 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we studied the radio spectrum of psr b1259 - 63 in an unique binary with be star ls 2883 and showed that the shape of the spectrum depends on the orbital phase .
we proposed a qualitative model which explains this evolution .
we considered two mechanism... | later , maron ( 2000 ) re - examined spectra of these pulsars taking into account the data obtained at higher frequencies ( above 1.6 ghz ) and consequently were the first to demonstrate a possible existence of spectra with turnover at high frequencies , about 1 ghz .
kijak ( 2011a ) provided a definite ... |
266 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we study andreev reflection in normal metal - superconductor junctions by using an extended blonder - tinkham - klapwijk model combined with transport calculations based on density functional theory . starting from a parameter - free description of the underl... | this process is termed andreev reflection @xcite . apart
from providing a confirmation for the existence of cooper pairs and superconductor energy gaps @xcite , this process may also have applications in spintronics . |
267 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we report a systematic first - principles study on the recent discovered superconducting ba@xmath0k@xmath1fe@xmath2as@xmath2 systems ( @xmath3 = 0.00 , 0.25 , 0.50 , 0.75 , and 1.00 ) .
previous theoretical studies strongly overestimated the magnetic moment... | @xcite superconducting occurs when the sdw instability is suppressed by replacing of o with f or importing o vacancies ( electron doping ) , or sr substituting of la ( hole doping).@xcite very recently , the family of feas - based supercondutors has been extended to double layered rfe@xmath2as@xmath2 ( r = sr , ba ,... |
268 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: in this article , i examine several observational trends regarding protoplanetary disks , debris disks and exoplanets in binary systems in an attempt to constrain the physical mechanisms of planet formation in such a context .
binaries wider than about 100a... | both mechanisms may contribute to planet formation , depending on the initial conditions in any given protoplanetary disk ( * ? ? ? * and references therein ) . by and large ,
our understanding of the planet formation process is focused on the case of a single star+disk system . yet , |
269 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the pivot algorithm for self - avoiding walks has been implemented in a manner which is dramatically faster than previous implementations , enabling extremely long walks to be efficiently simulated .
we explicitly describe the data structures and algorithms... | indeed , one can straightforwardly simulate saws in the infinite volume limit , which makes this model particularly favorable for the calculation of critical parameters .
exact results are known for self - avoiding walks in two dimensions @xcite and for @xmath7 ( mean - field behavior has been proved for @xmath8 @xci... |
270 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we study distribution of orbits of a lattice @xmath0 in the the space @xmath1 of @xmath2-frames in @xmath3 ( @xmath4 ) .
examples of dense @xmath5-orbits are known from the work of dani , raghavan , and veech .
we show that dense orbits of @xmath5 are uni... | let us recall known results : * ( dani , raghavan @xcite ) * [ th_dr ] let @xmath14 , and @xmath16 be an @xmath2-frame in @xmath3 , @xmath4 . then the orbit @xmath17 is dense in @xmath1 iff the space spanned by @xmath18 contains no nonzero rational vectors . *
( veech @xcite ) * [ th_ve ] if @xmath5 is a cocompac... |
271 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we calculate the lateral casimir force between corrugated parallel plates , described by @xmath0-function potentials , interacting through a scalar field , using the multiple scattering formalism .
the contributions to the casimir energy due to uncorrugated... | experimentally , the casimir interaction between corrugated surfaces was explored during the same period of time by roy and mohideen in @xcite .
this experiment measured the lateral casimir force between a plate , with small sinusoidal corrugations , and a large sphere with identical corrugations . |
272 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we present an @xmath0-covariant quantization of the free electromagnetic field in conformally flat spaces ( cfs ) .
a cfs is realized in a six - dimensional space as an intersection of the null cone with a given surface .
the smooth move of the latter is ... | nonetheless since such a symmetry mights apear to lack physical meaning , its breaking does not bother many people @xcite .
the purpose of the present paper is to demonstrate the benefits of keeping this fundamental symmetry when quantizing the maxwell field in conformally flat spaces ( cfs ) . |
273 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: expressions for sudakov form factors for heavy quarks are presented .
they are used to construct resummed jet rates in @xmath0 annihilation .
predictions are given for production of bottom quarks at lep and top quarks at the linear collider . .
And you ha... | a refinement of the latter one is provided by the cambridge algorithm @xcite .
equipped with a precise jet definition the determination of jet production cross sections and their intrinsic properties is one of the traditional tools to investigate the structure of the strong interaction and to deduce its fundamental par... |
274 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we present a new model for the observed ly@xmath0 blobs ( labs ) within the context of the standard cold dark matter model . in this model , labs are the most massive halos with the strongest clustering ( proto - clusters ) undergoing extreme starbursts in th... | * ; * ? ? ?
* ) , remains a mystery . by now |
275 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the problem of sheath formation in front of a conductive planar plate inserted into the plasma is formulated .
initially , the plate is assumed to be neutral .
it is shown that the charging - up process of the plate is accompanied by the excitation of ele... | the plate starts charging up negatively , so that electrons are gradually repelled , ions are attracted , and a positive - space - charge sheath begins to form .
an electron plasma wave is observed the properties of which strongly depend on the plasma characteristics ( electron and ion temperatures , plasma density , e... |
276 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the shell - model monte carlo ( smmc ) technique transforms the traditional nuclear shell - model problem into a path - integral over auxiliary fields .
we describe below the method and its applications to four physics issues : calculations of @xmath0-@xmat... | the range and diversity of nuclear behavior , as indicated in the above list of ongoing and planned experimental investigations , have naturally engendered a host of theoretical models .
short of a complete solution to the many - nucleon problem , the interacting shell model is widely regarded as the most broadly capab... |
277 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: a systematic analysis is performed for quantum phase transitions in a bond - alternative one - dimensional ising model with a dzyaloshinskii - moriya ( dm ) interaction by using the fidelity of ground state wave functions based on the infinite matrix product ... | quantum phase transitions driven by stronger quantum fluctuations then exhibit more interesting and novel quantum phenomena in low - dimensional spin systems .
the effects of alternating bond interactions , especially , have been intensively studied theoretically in spin systems such as antiferromagnetic heisenberg cha... |
278 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the double dissociation photoproduction cross section for the process @xmath0 , in which the systems @xmath1 and @xmath2 are separated by a large rapidity gap , is measured at large 4-momentum transfer squared @xmath3 by the h1 collaboration at hera .
this ... | it is clear that conventional regge phenomenology can not provide an answer , since the soft pomeron contribution has died away at much lower @xmath4 values due to shrinkage .
the two best developed models currently available are the bfkl pomeron @xcite , calculated within the leading logarithmic approximation ( lla ) ... |
279 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we construct explicit bps and non - bps solutions of the yang - mills equations on the noncommutative space @xmath0 which have manifest spherical symmetry . using @xmath1-equivariant dimensional reduction techniques ,
we show that the solutions imply an equ... | one recent line of attack has been to consider noncommutative deformations of these field theories @xcite@xcite . in certain instances ,
d - branes can be realized as noncommutative solitons @xcite , which is a consequence @xcite of the relationship between d - branes and k - theory @xcite@xcite . |
280 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: young star clusters with masses similar to those of classical old globular clusters are observed not only in starbursts , mergers or otherwise disturbed galaxies , but also in normal spiral galaxies .
some young clusters with masses as high as @xmath0 have ... | however , they also noted that extrapolation of this luminosity function would predict about 100 clusters as bright as @xmath3 in the galaxy , clearly at odds with observations , and thus suggested some flattening of the lf slope at higher luminosities .
the brightest known young clusters ( e.g. ngc 3603 , @xmath4 an... |
281 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we analyse what happens with two merging constituent monopoles for the @xmath0 caloron .
identified through degenerate eigenvalues ( the singularities or defects of the abelian projection ) of the polyakov loop , it follows that there are defects that are n... | ii . the centers of mass of the ( spherical ) lumps .
iii . the dirac monopoles ( or rather dyons , due to self - duality ) as the sources of the abelian field lines , extrapolated back to the cores . |
282 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we present high signal to noise ratio _ spitzer _ infrared spectrograph observations of 17 virgo early - type galaxies .
the galaxies were selected from those that define the colour - magnitude relation of the cluster , with the aim of detecting the silicat... | are luminous tracers of intermediate age and old stellar populations , an accurate analysis of this feature has been suggested as a complementary way to disentangle age and metallicity effects among early type galaxies ( bressan et al .
1998 ; 2001 ) . more specifically , |
283 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: directional dark matter detectors will be able to record the recoil momentum spectrum of nuclei hit by dark matter wimps .
we show that the recoil momentum spectrum is the radon transform of the wimp velocity distribution .
this allows us to obtain analyt... | one of the preferred candidates for non - baryonic dark matter is a weakly interacting massive particle ( wimp ) .
substantial efforts have been dedicated to wimp searches in the last decades @xcite . |
284 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we investigate the ( electro-)geodesic structure of the majumdar - papapetrou solution representing static charged black holes in equilibrium .
we assume only two point sources , imparting thus the spacetime axial symmetry .
we study electrogeodesics both... | / cft conjecture there has been renewed interest in the geodetical structure of spacetimes involving the cosmological constant @xcite . in these cases , there is usually some test - particle motion which is not allowed in the schwarzschild spacetime or the interval of admissible radii extends farther , which is also th... |
285 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the parallel chip - firing game is a periodic automaton on graphs in which vertices `` fire '' chips to their neighbors . in 1989 , bitar conjectured that the period of a parallel chip - firing game with @xmath0 vertices is at most @xmath0 .
though this con... | such a vertex is referred to as _ firing _ ; otherwise , it is _ non - firing_. all vertices fire simultaneously ( in parallel ) .
we employ the notation of levine @xcite . |
286 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we propose a real - time machine translation system that allows users to select a news category and to translate the related live news articles from arabic , czech , danish , farsi , french , german , italian , polish , portuguese , spanish and turkish into e... | its translation results will be publicly accessible as part of the europe media monitor family of applications , @xcite , which gather and process about 100,000 news articles per day in about fifty languages .
onts is based on the open source phrase - based statistical machine translation toolkit moses @xcite , traine... |
287 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: on 17 january 2005 two fast coronal mass ejections were recorded in close succession during two distinct episodes of a 3b / x3.8 flare . both were accompanied by metre - to - kilometre type - iii groups tracing energetic electrons that escape into the interpl... | for this phenomenon @xcite introduced the term _ cme cannibalism_. the cme - cme interaction was found associated with a characteristic low - frequency continuum radio emission .
@xcite interpreted this type of activity as the radio signature of non - thermal electrons originating either during reconnection between the... |
288 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: one of the main challenges faced by biometric - based authentication systems is the need to offer secure authentication while maintaining the privacy of the biometric data .
previous solutions , such as secure sketch and fuzzy extractors , rely on assumptio... | , the use of such systems raises concerns about the security and privacy of the stored biometric data . unlike passwords , replacing a compromised biometric trait is impossible , since biometric traits ( e.g. , face , fingerprint , and iris ) are considered to be unique .
therefore , the security of biometric templates... |
289 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: in a new classification of merging binary neutron stars ( nss ) we separate short gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) in two sub - classes . the ones with @xmath0 erg coalesce to form a massive ns and are indicated as short gamma - ray flashes ( s - grfs ) .
the h... | every sub - class shows different episodes corresponding to specifically different astrophysical processes , which can be identified thanks to specific theoretical treatments and data analysis . in this article , we take grb 090510 as a prototype for s - grbs and perform a new time - resoved spectral analysis , in exce... |
290 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: electroweak precision data have been extensively used to constrain models containing physics beyond that of the standard model .
when the model contains higgs scalars in representations other than singlets or doublets , and hence @xmath0 at tree level , a c... | can be predicted in terms of other parameters of the theory .
the predicted @xmath3 boson mass is strongly correlated with the experimentally measured value of the top quark mass , @xmath4 , and increases quadratically as the top quark mass is increased . |
291 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the passage of cold cesium 49s@xmath0 rydberg atoms through an electric - field - induced multi - level avoided crossing with nearby hydrogen - like rydberg levels is employed to prepare a cold , dipolar rydberg atom gas .
when the electric field is ramped ... | the field is then linearly ramped to @xmath8 = 3.99 v / cm with a rise time @xmath9 across a selected avoided crossing .
the rydberg atoms undergo adiabatic / diabatic passage through the avoided crossing . |
292 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: our aim in the present work is to develop approximations for the collisional dynamics of traveling waves in the context of granular chains in the presence of precompression . to that effect
, we aim to quantify approximations of the relevant hertzian fpu - ... | this confers to the overall system a highly nonlinear response dictated , in the case of particles with an elliptical or spherical contact , by the discrete hertzian law of contact interaction @xcite .
geometry and/or material anisotropy between particles composing the systems allows for the observation of interesting ... |
293 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we show that the centrality and system - size dependence of elliptic flow measured at rhic are fully described by a simple model based on eccentricity scaling and incomplete thermalization .
we argue that the elliptic flow is at least 25% below the ( ideal ... | d * 46 * , 229 ( 1992 ) .
k. h. ackermann _ et al . |
294 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we study the rotor - router walk on the infinite square lattice with the outgoing edges at each lattice site ordered clockwise . in the previous paper [ j.phys.a : math .
theor .
48 , 285203 ( 2015 ) ] , we have considered the loops created by rotors and ... | consider a square lattice with arrows attached to the lattice sites .
arrows attached to the lattice sites are directed toward one of their neighbors on the lattice . |
295 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the density matrix of hawking radiation is calculated in the model of black hole with fluctuating horizon .
quantum fluctuations smear the classical horizon of black hole and modify the density matrix of radiation producing the off - diagonal elements .
t... | the underlying idea of the last approach is that small fluctuations of the background geometry lead to corrections to the form of the density matrix of radiation .
these corrections are supposed to account for correlations between the black hole and radiation and contain the imprint of information thrown into the black... |
296 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: an exp - algebraic curve consists of a compact riemann surface @xmath0 together with @xmath1 equivalence classes of germs of meromorphic functions modulo germs of holomorphic functions , @xmath2 , \cdots , [ h_n ] \}$ ] , with poles of orders @xmath3 at point... | formally a log - riemann surface consists of a riemann surface together with a local holomorphic diffeomorphism @xmath31 from the surface to @xmath30 such that the set of points @xmath19 added to the surface , in the completion @xmath18 with respect to the path - metric induced by the flat metric @xmath32 , is discrete... |
297 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: predator - prey relationships are one of the most studied interactions in population ecology .
however , little attention has been paid to the possibility of role exchange between species once determined as predators and preys , despite firm field evidence ... | however , in a series of very interesting controlled ecological experiments , barkai and mcquaid reintroduced a number of _ jasus lalandii _ in marcus island , to investigate whether the equilibrium observed in the neighboring malgas island could be restored .
the results were simply astounding : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _... |
298 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: because of the lack of reliable sunspot observation , the quality of sunspot number series is poor in the late 18th century , leading to the abnormally long solar cycle ( 17841799 ) before the dalton minimum . using the newly recovered solar drawings by the 1... | accordingly it is important to review the reliability of this series , especially since it contains essential uncertainties in the earlier part .
the first sunspot number series was introduced by rudolf wolf who observed sunspots from 1848 until 1893 , and constructed the monthly sunspot numbers since 1749 using archiv... |
299 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we discuss one of the most prominent features of the very recent preliminary elliptic flow data of @xmath0 meson from the phenix collaboration @xcite . even within the the rather large error bars of the measured data
a negative elliptic flow parameter ( @xm... | k. adcox _ et al . _
[ phenix collaboration ] , nucl . |
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