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100 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: in a recent publication we have presented the stochastic green function ( sgf ) algorithm , which has the properties of being general and easy to apply to any lattice hamiltonian of the form @xmath0 , where @xmath1 is diagonal in the chosen occupation number ... | interest in methods that work in the canonical ensemble with global updates yet allow access to green functions has intensified @xcite .
however , a method that works well for a given hamiltonian often needs major modifications for another . |
101 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: this paper introduces kernel - based information criterion ( kic ) for model selection in regression analysis . the novel kernel - based complexity measure in kic
efficiently computes the interdependency between parameters of the model using a variable - wi... | model selection criteria are defined such that they strike a balance between the _ goodness - of - fit ( gof ) _ , and the _ generalizability _ or _
complexity _ of the models . |
102 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: american options in a multi - asset market model with proportional transaction costs are studied in the case when the holder of an option is able to exercise it gradually at a so - called mixed ( randomised ) stopping time . the introduction of gradual exerci... | all these approaches take it for granted that the buyer can only exercise the option instantly , at an ordinary stopping time of his choosing . by contrast , in the present paper we allow the buyer the flexibility to exercise an american option gradually , rather than all at a single time instance . though it would ... |
103 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the no@xmath0a collaboration has constructed a 14,000 ton , fine - grained , low - z , total absorption tracking calorimeter at an off - axis angle to an upgraded numi neutrino beam .
this detector , with its excellent granularity and energy resolution and ... | the cleanest signature at no@xmath0a will be from @xmath2 cc events producing upward - going muons that can be reconstructed in the no@xmath0a detector .
the large and unique no@xmath0a far detector , with its excellent granularity and energy resolution , and relatively low - energy neutrino thresholds , is an ideal to... |
104 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the structural energetics of pdti and ptti have been studied using first - principles density - functional theory with pseudopotentials and a plane - wave basis .
we predict that in both materials , the experimentally reported orthorhombic @xmath0 phase wil... | it has been shown that the martensitic transformation can be induced by applied fields , temperature or both , and the mechanical properties of materials , therefore , can be controlled accordingly . in many systems , including those discussed in the present work , alloying can dramatically change the properties and tr... |
105 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: there has been a considerable amount of interest in recent years on the robustness of networks to failures .
many previous studies have concentrated on the effects of node and edge removals on the connectivity structure of a _
static _ network ; the netwo... | @xmath2 can be interpreted as the ratio of vertices removed to those added , so @xmath3 represents a growing network , @xmath4 a shrinking one , while @xmath5 implies vertex turnover but fixed network size .
the equations to follow represent the completely general case . |
106 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: a simple systematic rule , inspired by high - temperature series expansion ( htse ) results , is proposed for optimizing the expression for thermodynamic observables of ferromagnets exhibiting critical behavior at @xmath0 .
this `` extended scaling '' schem... | is chosen to be @xmath19 for each observable ; one then writes the normalized leading term as the familiar text - book expression : @xmath20^{-\rho_f } = { \cal c}_{f}t^{-\rho_f } , \label{t_scaling}\ ] ] where @xmath21 and @xmath22 is the critical amplitude ( see [ ] for a detailed review ) .
an alternative and _ a... |
107 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we have investigated the efficiency of pulsed raman sideband cooling in the presence of multiple decay and excitation channels . by applying sum rules we identify parameter regimes in which multiple scattering of photons can be described by an effective wave ... | this cooling method exploits two stable or metastable atomic internal levels , which we call @xmath0 and @xmath1 , connected by dipole transitions to a common excited state @xmath2 . the transitions are usually driven by alternating pulses . a typical sequence alternates a coherent pulse ,
in which the atom is coherent... |
108 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we report the detection of a feature at 65@xmath0 m and a broad feature around 100@xmath0 m in the far - infrared spectra of the diffuse emission from two active star - forming regions , and .
the features are seen in the spectra over a wide area of the obs... | * ) have revealed several new dust features in the diffuse emission , indicating the presence of new dust components in the interstellar medium @xcite .
observations by _ iso _ also clearly show the presence of crystalline silicates around young and evolved stars for the first time @xcite , while it is not yet certain ... |
109 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: methods are set forth for determining the hadron electromagnetic structure in the sub-@xmath0-threshold timelike region of the virtual - photon `` mass '' and for investigating the nucleon weak structure in the spacelike region from experimental data on the p... | this method has been successfully applied in the analysis of experimental data on the nucleon and @xmath4c and @xmath5li nuclei @xcite and values of the form factors were obtained for the first time in the timelike region of @xmath3 ranging from 0.05 to 0.22 ( gev / c)@xmath6 . in refs .
@xcite , the authors proposed ... |
110 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we investigate the possible signature of the presence of giant pairing states at excitation energy of about 10 mev via two - particle transfer reactions induced by neutron - rich weakly - bound projectiles . performing particle - particle rpa calculations on ... | this phenomenon , despite some early efforts aimed to resolve some broad bump in the high - lying spectrum in ( p , t ) reactions@xcite , is still without any conclusive experimental confirmation . for a discussion , in particluar in connection with two - particle transfer reactions , on many aspects of pairing correla... |
111 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the first observations by a worldwide network of advanced interferometric gravitational wave detectors offer a unique opportunity for the astronomical community . at design sensitivity
, these facilities will be able to detect coalescing binary neutron star... | although there has been no direct detection of gws to date , indirect evidence for their existence comes from high precision , nobel - prize winning measurements of the pulsar psr 1913 + 16 and its companion neutron star ( ns ; * ? ? ?
* ; * ? ? ? |
112 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: there is general agreement that the misataquwa equations should describe the motion of a small body " in general relativity , taking into account the leading order self - force effects .
however , previous derivations of these equations have made a number ... | although it now is possible to find solutions numerically in many cases of interest , it is difficult and cumbersome to do so , and one may overlook subtle effects and/or remain unenlightened about some basic general features of the solutions . therefore , it is of considerable interest to develop methods that yield ap... |
113 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we derive the schwinger - dyson equations for the @xmath0 yang - mills theory in the maximal abelian gauge and solve them in the infrared asymptotic region .
we find that the infrared asymptotic solutions for the gluon and ghost propagators are consistent w... | the ma gauge is useful to investigate the yang - mills theory from the view point of the dual superconductivity . in the ma gauge , in contrast to the ordinary lorentz gauge
, we must explicitly distinguish the diagonal components of the fields from the off - diagonal components . |
114 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: in this paper , we consider modulation codes for practical multilevel flash memory storage systems with @xmath0 cell levels . instead of maximizing the lifetime of the device @xcite ,
we maximize the average amount of information stored per cell - level , w... | the state of a cell can go from 0 to 1 , but not from 1 back to 0 later .
these write - once bits are called _ wits_. it is shown that , the efficiency of storing information in a wom can be improved if one allows multiple rewrites and designs the storage / rewrite scheme carefully . |
115 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we present results from the mid - infrared spectral mapping of stephan s quintet using the _ spitzer space telescope_. a 1000km@xmath0 collision ( @xmath1yr ) has produced a group - wide shock and for the first time the large - scale distribution of warm mole... | optical emission line ratios and observed broad linewidths provide evidence that the region is powered by strong shocks and not star formation ( xu et al . 2003 ; duc et al .
2010 , in preparation ) . |
116 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: a ( non - circular ) de bruijn sequence @xmath0 of order @xmath1 is a word such that every word of length @xmath1 appears exactly once in @xmath0 as a factor . in this paper
, we generalize the concept to a multi - shift setting : a @xmath2-shift de bruij... | the de bruijn sequence can be understood by the following game .
suppose there are infinite supplies of balls , each of which is labeled by a letter in @xmath14 , and there is a glass pipe that can hold balls in a vertical line . |
117 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: transport measurements are presented on a quantum ring that is tunnel - coupled to a quantum dot .
when the dot is in the coulomb blockade regime , but strongly coupled to the open ring , fano line shapes are observed in the current through the ring , when ... | ( c ) aharonov bohm oscillations in the two terminal ring conductance @xmath2 .
( d ) coulomb - blockade oscillations in the two - terminal dot conductance @xmath3 as a function of the in - plane gate voltage @xmath4 . |
118 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: it is not possible to disentangle a qubit in an _ unknown _ state @xmath0 from a set of @xmath1 ancilla qubits prepared in a specific reference state @xmath2 .
that is , it is not possible to _ perfectly _ perform the transformation @xmath3 .
the question... | one ( very inefficient ) way to protect the quantum information encoded in a qubit is to measure it . with the help of an optimal measurement one
can estimate the state of a qubit , with an average fidelity equal to 2/3 ( see below ) . in this way a quantum information is transformed into a classical information which ... |
119 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the analysis of the recent charged - current neutrino - nucleus scattering cross sections measured by the argoneut collaboration requires relativistic theoretical descriptions also accounting for the role of final - state interactions . in this work ,
we ev... | differential cross sections are important to obtain a complete kinematical determination of neutrino - nucleus scattering and a clear understanding of neutrino - nucleus reactions is crucial for the analysis of experimental measurements . the argoneut collaboration has recently reported @xcite a measurement of the ... |
120 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: analyses of primitive meteorites and cometary samples have shown that the solar nebula must have experienced a phase of large - scale outward transport of small refractory grains as well as homogenization of initially spatially heterogeneous short - lived iso... | 2012 ; cf .
krot et al . |
121 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we calculate the josephson current between two one - dimensional ( 1d ) nanowires oriented along @xmath0 with proximity induced @xmath1-wave superconducting pairing and separated by a narrow dielectric barrier in the presence of both rashba spin - orbit inter... | two majorana modes in the josephson junction , formed between two topological insulator edges or one - dimensional superconducting nanowires separated by barrier , hybridize resulting in splitting of the zero energy modes .
this splitting energy depends not only on the phase difference of the two superconductors but al... |
122 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we discuss the mechanism of cluster formation in a numerical simulation of a molecular cloud ( mc ) undergoing global hierarchical collapse ( ghc ) , to understand how the gas motions in the parent cloud control the assembly of the cluster .
the global natu... | in particular , in recent years , a number of structural properties of the clusters have been uncovered that still require an adequate theoretical understanding , such as : i ) the existence of a mass segregation in the clusters , with the most massive stars lying closer to the cluster s center @xcite ; ii ) the distri... |
123 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we present three searches for new particles at cdf . first , using 70 pb@xmath0 of data we search the dijet mass spectrum for resonances .
there is an upward fluctuation near 550 gev / c@xmath1 ( 2.6@xmath2 ) with an angular distribution that is adequately ... | using four triggers from run 1a and 1b , we combine dijet mass spectra above a mass of 150 gev / c@xmath1 , 241 gev / c@xmath1 , 292 gev / c@xmath1 , and 388 gev / c@xmath1 with integrated luminosities of = 7.5 in = 3.3 in = 3.3 in .089 pb@xmath0 , 1.92 pb@xmath0 , 9.52 pb@xmath0 , and 69.8 pb@xmath0 respectiv... |
124 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we review the theory and observations of star cluster disruption .
the three main phases and corresponding typical timescales of cluster disruption are : _
i ) infant mortality _ ( @xmath0 yr ) , _ ii ) stellar evolution _ ( @xmath1 yr ) and _ iii ) tid... | @xcite found that @xmath3 of stars formed in embedded clusters end up in bound clusters after @xmath4 yr .
@xcite and @xcite have shown that at least 20% , but perhaps all , star formation in the merging antennae galaxies is taking place in clusters , the majority of which are likely to become unbound . |
125 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: ergodic homeomorphisms @xmath0 and @xmath1 of polish probability spaces @xmath2 and @xmath3 are _ evenly kakutani equivalent _ if there is an orbit equivalence @xmath4 between full measure subsets of @xmath2 and @xmath3 such that , for some @xmath5 of positiv... | the first result in this category is the celebrated theorem of keane and smorodinsky @xcite that any two bernoulli shifts of equal entropy are finitarily isomorphic , namely , that the isomorphism between them can be made a homeomorphism almost everywhere . in a later paper , denker and keane
@xcite established a gener... |
126 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we used the magneto - dipole radiation mechanism for the braking of radio pulsars to calculate the new values of magnetic inductions at the surfaces of neutron stars . for this aim
we estimated the angles @xmath0 between the rotation axis and the magnetic m... | the induction at the magnetic equator . instead of @xmath2 the rotation period @xmath10
is usually measured and we can obtain from ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) : @xmath11 + this equality is used usually to calculate magnetic inductions of pulsars assuming that @xmath12 for all objects . the known catalogs ( see , for example manche... |
127 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the scattering processes of exotic atoms in excited states from hydrogen such as elastic scattering , stark transitions and coulomb de - excitation are studied within a close coupling approach .
the vacuum polarization and the strong interaction shifts of @... | the experimental data are mainly appropriate to the processes at the last stage of the atomic cascade ( x - ray yields and the products of the weak or strong interaction of the exotic particle in the low angular momentum states with hydrogen isotopes )
. so the reliable theoretical backgrounds on the processes both in ... |
128 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we examine the effects of pre - processing across the coma supercluster , including 3505 galaxies over @xmath0500 deg@xmath1 , by quantifying the degree to which star - forming ( sf ) activity is quenched as a function of environment .
we characterise envir... | * ) has been interpreted as evidence for higher star formation activity and stellar mass build - up in higher redshift clusters or alternatively , that star formation is quenched more recently by one or more processes in over - dense regions .
several physical mechanisms can account for the quenching of star formation... |
129 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: doppler measurements of the m4 dwarf star , gliese 876 , taken at both lick and keck observatory reveal periodic , keplerian velocity variations with a period of 61 days .
the orbital fit implies that the companion has a mass of , @xmath0 = 2.1 m@xmath1 , a... | 1997 ) . these `` planetary '' companions exhibit both circular and eccentric orbits , consistent with formation in dissipative circumstellar disks , followed by gravitational perturbations ( cf .
lin et al . 1995 , artymowicz 1997 , levison et al . 1998 ) . |
130 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the aim of this paper is to define a chain level refinement of the batalin - vilkovisky ( bv ) algebra structure on homology of the free loop space of a closed @xmath0-manifold .
namely , we propose a new chain model of the free loop space , and define an a... | then , @xmath6 has a batalin - vilkovisky ( in particular , gerstenhaber ) algebra structure .
3 . let @xmath7 denote the differential graded algebra of differential forms on @xmath3 . |
131 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the gravitational waves generated during supermassive black hole ( smbh ) coalescence are prime candidates for detection by the satellite lisa .
we use the extended press - schechter formalism combined with empirically motivated estimates for the smbh dark... | ( lisa , folkner et al . 1998 ;
flanagan & hughes 1998 ; hughes et al . |
132 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: in the @xmath0-@xmath1vc problem , we are given an undirected graph @xmath2 with edge costs and an integer @xmath0 ; the goal is to find a minimum - cost 2-vertex - connected subgraph of @xmath2 containing at least @xmath0 vertices .
a slightly more general... | more general versions of connectivity problems are obtained if one seeks a subgraph in which a subset of the nodes @xmath11 referred to as _ terminals _ are @xmath8-connected .
the well - known steiner tree problem is to find a minimum - cost subgraph that ( @xmath12-)connects a given set @xmath13 . |
133 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we study the corrections to higgs physics in a model of a single warped extra dimension with all fields except the higgs in the bulk , and a gauge symmetry extended to @xmath0 .
we find that generically the higgs coupling to electroweak gauge boson pairs is... | one , at @xmath8 , is called the uv , or planck , brane .
the other , at @xmath9 , is the ir , or tev , brane . picking @xmath10 , which is natural in realistic stabilization mechanisms , |
134 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the notion that microparsec - scale black holes can be used to probe gigaparsec - scale physics may seem counterintuitive , at first . yet , the gravitational observatory _
lisa _ will detect cosmologically - distant coalescing pairs of massive black holes ... | black holes with masses @xmath0 are present at the center of numerous nearby galaxies ( e.g. * ? ? ?
* ; * ? ? ? |
135 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: sdssj094857.3 + 002225 is a very radio - loud narrow - line seyfert 1 ( nls1 ) galaxy . here
, we report our discovery of the intranight optical variability ( inov ) of this galaxy through the optical monitoring in the _ b _ and _ r _ bands that covered sev... | only @xmath5 of nls1s are radio - loud objects @xcite .
the fraction is much smaller than that found in qsos . |
136 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we compute the quasi - normal ( qn ) frequencies for the regular bardeen de sitter ( bds ) black hole due to massless and massive scalar field perturbations as well as the massless dirac perturbations .
we analyze the behaviour of both real and imaginary pa... | in general , the dynamical evolution of perturbations of a black hole background can be classified into three stages , the first of which consists of an initial outburst of wave , depending completely on the initial perturbing field , the second stage consists of damped oscillations , known in the literature as the qua... |
137 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we propose using a single magneto - dielectric microsphere as a device for enhancing the transverse faraday effect at multiple wavelengths at the same time .
although the diameter of the sphere can be @xmath0 @xmath1 m , the numerically predicted strength o... | basically , an slm device can produce high quality @xmath2d images if it possesses pixels sizes @xmath3 @xmath1 m and also is fast enough to address a large number of pixels within a single image frame .
slm devices exploiting mo effects have a very fast response time . however , their typical pixel sizes are @xmath4 @... |
138 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: in the population synthesis simulations of pop iii stars , many bh ( black hole)-bh binaries with merger time less than the age of the universe @xmath0 are formed , while ns ( neutron star)-bh binaries are not .
the reason is that pop iii stars have no meta... | tademaru mechanism @xcite , anisotropic emission of neutrinos , anisotropic explosion and so on ( see lorimer @xcite for the review ) .
therefore , it is also reasonable to assume the existence of the proper motion of the pulsars in the formation process of pop iii nss , although there is no direct evidence since no ... |
139 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we present far - ultraviolet photometry obtained with the _ hubble space telescope _ of the low - mass x - ray binary 4u 0513 - 40 in the globular cluster ngc 1851 .
our observations reveal a clear , roughly sinusoidal periodic signal with @xmath0 min and... | potential channels include the direct collision of a neutron star ( ns ) with a red giants ( verbunt 1987 , davies et al .
1992 , ivanova et al . |
140 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: suppose that a lattice gas of constant density , described by the symmetric simple exclusion process , is brought in contact with a target " : a spherical absorber of radius @xmath0 .
employing the macroscopic fluctuation theory ( mft ) , we evaluate the p... | the evolution of the _ average _ coarse - grained particle density of the gas is described by the diffusion equation @xmath11 , \label{difeq}\ ] ] where @xmath12 is the gas diffusivity . here
we will be interested in large fluctuations rather than in the average behavior . |
141 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we describe a formalism to calculate form factor and charge density distribution of the pion in the chiral limit using the holographic dual model of qcd with hard - wall cutoff .
we introduce two conjugate pion wave functions and present analytic expression... | , we will be interested in the hard - wall ads / qcd model @xcite , where the confinement is modeled by sharp cutting off the ads space along the extra fifth dimension at a wall located at some finite distance @xmath0 . in the framework of this hard - wall model ,
it is possible to find form factors and wave functions ... |
142 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we present high - resolution ultraviolet spectra of absorption - line systems toward the low@xmath0 qso 0624 ( @xmath1 ) .
coupled with ground - based imaging and spectroscopic galaxy redshifts , we find evidence that many of these absorbers do not arise in... | 2004 ) , the sloan digital sky survey ( sdss , stoughton et al .
2002 , doroshkevich et al . 2004 ) and the 2@xmath19 all sky survey ( 2mass , maller et al . |
143 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we present a new assessment of the ability of infrared dark clouds ( irdcs ) to form massive stars and clusters .
this is done by comparison with an empirical mass - size threshold for massive star formation ( msf ) .
we establish @xmath0 as a novel appro... | it has therefore been suggested that many irdcs are the long - sought examples of clouds just at the onset of the formation of massive stars and ( proto-)clusters .
this notion was corroborated by observations of young massive stars in a few individual irdcs ( @xcite ; @xcite ; @xcite ) . |
144 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the propagation of ultracold atomic gases through abruptly changing waveguide potentials is examined in the limit of non - interacting atoms .
time - independent scattering calculations of microstructured waveguides with discontinuous changes in the transve... | an increase ( decrease ) in the tranverse confining potential results in a decrease ( increase ) in the kinetic energy along the direction of wave propagation , providing effective step potentials along the waveguide .
the present study was motivated in three ways . |
145 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: models where dark matter and dark energy interact with each other have been proposed to solve the coincidence problem .
we review the motivations underlying the need to introduce such interaction , its influence on the background dynamics and how it modifie... | the nature of this unknown matter field has given rise to a great scientific effort in order to understand its properties .
the observational evidence is consistent with a cosmological constant @xmath0 being the possible origin of the dark energy ( de ) driving the present epoch of the accelerated expansion of our univ... |
146 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the convergence of the perturbation expansion for the effective interaction to be used in shell - model calculations is investigated as function of the mass number @xmath0 , from @xmath1 to @xmath2 . as the mass number increases , there are more intermediate ... | it is well known that a realistic nucleon - nucleon interaction @xmath4 contains strong components of short range , which renders a perturbative expansion in terms of @xmath4 meaningless . to overcome this problem , one takes into account the short - range correlations through the solution of the bethe - brueckner - go... |
147 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: recent discussion on the possibility to obtain more stringent bounds on neutrino magnetic moment has stimulated new interest to possible effects induced by neutrino magnetic moment .
in particular , in this note after a short review on neutrino magnetic mom... | it should be noted here that much larger values for the neutrino magnetic moments are possible in various extensions of the standard model ( see , for instance , in @xcite ) constraints on the neutrino magnetic moment can be obtained in @xmath3 scattering experiments from the observed lack of distortions of the reco... |
148 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we formulate a general scheme to improve the truncated perturbative expansion in @xmath0 by means of the renormalization group in qcd for the single - scale quantities .
the procedure is used for the evaluation of hadronic decay rates of @xmath1-lepton and ... | the hadronic fraction of @xmath2-decay width @xcite @xmath13 } { \gamma[\eta_c\to \gamma\gamma ] } = { \cal r}_{\eta_c}^{[0 ] } \left ( 1 + d_1\,\frac{\alpha_s(2 m_c)}{\pi}\right),\end{aligned}\ ] ] where @xmath14 } = \frac{c_f}{2n_c}\,\frac{1}{e_c^4}\ , \frac{\alpha_s^2(2m_c)}{\alpha^2_{\rm em}}\ ] ] with @xmat... |
149 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: strong magnetic barriers are defined in two - dimensional electron gases by magnetizing dysprosium ferromagnetic platelets on top of a ga[al]as heterostructure .
a small resistance across the barrier is observed even deep inside the closed regime .
we hav... | magnetic barrier _ , namely a perpendicular magnetic field configuration strongly localized along one in - plane direction and homogeneous in the second one .
@xcite in a classical picture , magnetic barriers can be considered as selective transmitters that filter the electrons according to their angle of incidence . |
150 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we test the recent claim by hu et al .
( 2008 ) that feii emission in type 1 agn shows a systematic redshift relative to the local source rest frame and broad - line h@xmath0 .
we compile high s / n median composites using sdss spectra from both the hu et... | h@xmath0 shows a diversity of line widths as well as profile shifts and asymmetries @xcite . despite this diversity
some systematics have emerged and are best highlighted via the concept of two type 1 agn populations @xcite . |
151 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we present an exact diagonalization study of the single particle spectral function in the 1d and 2d @xmath0@xmath1@xmath2 model . by studying
the scaling properties with @xmath2 and @xmath0 we find a simple building pattern in 1d and show that every spectra... | the equally clear nonobservation of these signatures in the cuprate superconductors at any doping level advises against another apparent simple truth , namely that the fermi surface seen in the cuprates is simply that of the ` spinons ' in a 2d version of the tomonaga - luttinger liquid ( tll ) realized in 1d .
motivat... |
152 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we introduce and motivate the method of effective charges , and consider how to implement an all - orders resummation of large kinematical logarithms in this formalism
. fits for qcd @xmath0 and power corrections are performed for the @xmath1 event shape ob... | energy , require additional power corrections @xmath3 with @xmath4 .
power corrections of this size are also predicted in a model based on an infrared finite coupling @xcite , which is able to fit the data reasonably well in terms of a single parameter . |
153 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we reexamine the randall - sundrum ( rs ) model with enlarged gauge symmetry @xmath0 in the presence of a brane - localized higgs sector . in contrast to the existing literature , we perform the kaluza - klein ( kk ) decomposition within the mass basis , whic... | , the ads@xmath8 background generates an exponential hierarchy of energy scales , so that the natural scale at one orbifold fixed point ( the ultra - violet ( uv ) brane ) is much larger than at the other ( the infra - red ( ir ) brane ) , @xmath9 . in the rs framework
the gauge hierarchy problem is thus solved by grav... |
154 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: from social networks to p2p systems , network sampling arises in many settings .
we present a detailed study on the nature of biases in network sampling strategies to shed light on how best to sample from networks .
we investigate connections between spec... | mobile phones and location - aware devices produce copious amounts of data on both communication patterns and physical proximity between people . in the domain of biology also , from neurons to proteins to food webs , there is now access to large networks of associations among various entities and a need to analyze and... |
155 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we discuss the production of real or virtual photons in a quark - gluon plasma . laboratoire de physique thorique lapth , + bp110 , f-74941 , annecy le vieux cedex , france lapth - conf-810/2000 .
And you have already written the first three sentences o... | it is expected that this will occur in a small window in the gev range for the energy of the photon . at lower values of the energy
the rate is dominated by various hadron decay processes while at higher values the usual hard processes ( those occurring in the very early stage of the collision before the plasma is form... |
156 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we describe the fundamental constructions and properties of determinantal probability measures and point processes , giving streamlined proofs .
we illustrate these with some important examples . we pose several general questions and conjectures .
prim... | , krishnapur , m. , peres , y. , and virg , b. , _ zeros of gaussian analytic functions and determinantal point processes_. university lecture series , * 51*. american mathematical society , providence , ri , 2009 .
mester , p. , invariant monotone coupling need not exist . |
157 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: recently , a multi - level fuzzy min max neural network ( mlf ) was proposed , which improves the classification accuracy by handling an overlapped region ( area of confusion ) with the help of a tree structure . in this brief ,
an extension of mlf is propo... | hyperbox is a convex box , completely represented by min and max points .
fmm classification results are completely characterized with the help of a membership function . |
158 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we define the anti - forcing number of a perfect matching @xmath0 of a graph @xmath1 as the minimal number of edges of @xmath1 whose deletion results in a subgraph with a unique perfect matching @xmath0 , denoted by @xmath2 .
the anti - forcing number of a ... | randi and klein @xcite proposed the _ innate degree of freedom _ of a kekul structure , i.e. the least number of double bonds can determine this entire kekule structure , nowadays it is called the forcing number by harary et al . @xcite . a _ forcing set _
@xmath6 of a perfect matching @xmath0 of @xmath1 is a subset... |
159 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we analyse star formation in the nuclei of 9 seyfert galaxies at spatial resolutions down to 0.085 , corresponding to length scales of order 10pc in most objects .
our data were taken mostly with the near infrared adaptive optics integral field spectrograph... | those which have probed closest to the nucleus , typically on scales of a few hundred parsecs , have tended to focus on seyferts notably seyfert2 galaxies since these are the closest examples @xcite .
the overall conclusion of these studies is that in 3050% cases the agn is associated with young ( i.e. age less than ... |
160 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we have developed a new , very efficient numerical scheme to solve the cr diffusion convection equation that can be applied to the study of the nonlinear time evolution of cr modified shocks for arbitrary spatial diffusion properties .
the efficiency of the... | most critically , the crs can capture a large fraction of the kinetic energy dissipated across such transitions .
as they diffuse upstream the crs form a pressure gradient that decelerates and compresses the entering flow inside a broad shock precursor . |
161 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we have presented dynamic phase transition features and stationary - state behavior of a ferrimagnetic small nanoparticle system with a core - shell structure . by means of detailed monte carlo simulations , a complete picture of the phase diagrams and magnet... | in particular , magnetic nanowires and nanotubes such as @xmath5 @xcite , @xmath6 and @xmath7 @xcite can be synthesized by various experimental techniques and they have many applications in nanotechnology @xcite . from the theoretical point of view , many studies have been performed regarding the magnetic properties... |
162 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we have used high - resolution , hst wfc3/ir , near - infrared imaging to conduct a detailed bulge - disk decomposition of the morphologies of @xmath0 of the most massive ( @xmath1 ) galaxies at @xmath2 in the candels - uds field .
we find that , while such... | extensive studies of the local universe have revealed a bimodality in the colour - morphology plane , with spheroidal galaxies typically inhabiting the red sequence and disk galaxies making up the blue cloud ( e.g. ( * ? ? ?
* baldry et al . 2004 ) ) . |
163 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: this paper considers @xmath0-graphs in which all vertices have degree 4 or 6 , and studies the question of calculating the genus of nonorientable surfaces into which such graphs may be embedded . in a previous paper @xcite by the authors , the problem of calc... | we always mean an embedding of @xmath2 into @xmath3 such that the formal relation of being adjacent coincides with the relation of being adjacent induced by the embedding .
an _ angle _ in a @xmath0-graph is a pair of adjacent half - edges at a vertex . |
164 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: a coordinated cyber - attack on grid meter readings and breaker statuses can lead to incorrect state estimation that can subsequently destabilize the grid .
this paper studies cyber - attacks by an adversary that changes breaker statuses on transmission lin... | the breaker statuses on transmission lines help create the current operational topology of the grid .
the meter readings , comprising of line flow and bus power injection measurements , are then used to estimate the state variables over the estimated topology . in a practical |
165 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: given an n - dimensional natural hamiltonian l on a riemannian or pseudo - riemannian manifold , we call `` extension '' of l the n+1 dimensional hamiltonian @xmath0 with new canonically conjugated coordinates @xmath1 . for suitable l ,
the functions @xmath... | these systems represent the dynamics of three point - masses on a line under forces determined by the potential functions @xmath4 respectively ( we do not consider here the harmonic oscillator terms ) and they have essentially the same dynamics @xcite . both the resulting natural hamiltonians in @xmath5 admit one linea... |
166 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: dense cores are the simplest star - forming sites that we know , but despite their simplicity , they still hold a number of mysteries that limit our understanding of how solar - type stars form . alma promises to revolutionize our knowledge of every stage in ... | . cores with deeply embedded young stellar objects ( `` protostellar cores '' ) are unique targets to study the complex motions that occur during the period of accretion , when a combination of infall , outflow , and rotation is necessary to assemble the star and redistribute the gas angular momentum . finally , evolve... |
167 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we have examined the relation for early - type galaxies in the efar sample and its dependence on cluster properties .
a comprehensive maximum likelihood treatment of the sample selection and measurement errors gives fits to the global relation of @xmath0 ... | similar reasoning has been used to constrain the star formation history of cluster ellipticals using the colour magnitude relation ( bower 1992 , kodama & arimoto 1997 ) .
recently the fp , and colour magnitude relations have been followed out to higher redshifts and used to show that the early - type galaxies seen... |
168 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the microcanonical multifragmentation model from [ al .
h. raduta and ad .
r. raduta , phys .
rev .
c * 55 * , 1344 ( 1997 ) ; * 56 * , 2059 ( 1997 ) ; * 59 * , 323 ( 1999 ) ] is refined and improved by taking into account the experimental discrete le... | the fact was obviously associated with the possible existence of a liquid - gas phase transition in nuclear matter and generated new motivations for further theoretical and experimental work .
similar experiments of eos @xcite and indra @xcite followed shortly . using different reactions they obtained slightly differen... |
169 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the ladder theory , in which the bethe - goldstone equation for the effective potential between two scattering particles plays a central role , is well known for its satisfactory description of the short - range correlations in the homogeneous electron liquid... | @xcite it is necessary here to give some introduction to the lt .
the effective interaction @xmath8 in the lt between two scattering electrons with respective momenta @xmath9 and @xmath10 satisfies the following bethe - goldstone equation:@xcite @xmath11 where @xmath12 is the fourier transform of the coulomb potenti... |
170 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: it is well known that the late - time behaviour of gravitational collapse is _ dominated _ by an inverse power - law decaying tail .
we calculate _ higher - order corrections _ to this power - law behaviour in a spherically symmetric gravitational collapse ... | the analysis of price was extended by other authors .
bik @xcite generalized the analysis and studied the dynamics of a scalar field in a _ charged _ reissner - nordstrm spacetime . |
171 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we present a theoretical study on the orbital magnetism in multilayer graphenes within the effective mass approximation .
the hamiltonian and thus susceptibility can be decomposed into contributions from sub - systems equivalent to monolayer or bilayer grap... | the calculation was extended to graphite @xcite and to few - layered graphenes as a model of graphite intercalation compounds.@xcite the fermi surface of the graphite is known to be trigonally warped around the band touching point @xcite and the effect of the warping on magnetization was discussed within the perturbati... |
172 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: it is shown that fractional derivatives of the ( integrated ) invariant measure of the feigenbaum map at the onset of chaos have power - law tails in their cumulative distributions , whose exponents can be related to the spectrum of singularities @xmath0 .
... | the easier it is to observe multifractality .
so far the theory of such power - law tails has been developed only for synthetic random functions , in particular the random multiplicative process @xcite for which kesten - type maps @xcite and large deviations theory can be used . |
173 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: heating mechanisms of the solar corona will be investigated at the high - altitude solar observatory lomnicky peak of the astronomical institute of sas ( slovakia ) using its mid - size lyot coronagraph and post - focal instrument secis provided by astronomic... | it has been found theoretically that the interaction of the magnetic field with convective flows in or below the photosphere can produce two types of magnetic disturbances in coronal structures .
firstly , the buffeting of magnetic flux concentrations in the photosphere by granulation generates mhd waves which can prop... |
174 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: this study presents miscellaneous properties of pseudo - factorials , which are numbers whose recurrence relation is a twisted form of that of usual factorials .
these numbers are associated with special elliptic functions , most notably , a dixonian and a ... | we first elucidate the relation between @xmath6 and elliptic functions of a kind introduced by alfred cardew dixon in 1890 ( _ vide _
@xcite ) , then show the reduction to the more common weierstra framework of @xmath8functions : this forms the subject of sections [ dixon - sec ] and [ weier - sec ] . |
175 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: recent results on minijet production in nuclear collisions at the rhic and lhc energies are reviewed .
initial conditions of the qgp at @xmath0 @xmath1 , especially parton chemistry , thermalization and net baryon number - to - entropy ratio are discussed .... | secondly , the semihard particle production scales as @xmath5 , so that for large nuclei the importance of semihard partons is increased further @xcite .
the soft , non - perturbative , particle production in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions can be modelled _ |
176 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: in this article we present a review of the radon transform and the instability of the tomographic reconstruction process .
we show some new mathematical results in tomography obtained by a variational formulation of the reconstruction problem based on the m... | [ fig : profiles ] .
tomography is a rapidly evolving field for its broad impact on issues of fundamental nature and for its important applications such as the development of diagnostic tools relevant to disparate fields , such as engineering , biomedical and archaeometry . |
177 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we present an elementary proof concerning reciprocal transmittances and reflectances .
the proof is direct , simple , and valid for the diverse objects that can be absorptive and induce diffraction and scattering , as long as the objects respond linearly an... | [ fig1](a ) and [ fig1](b ) are transmission reciprocal and those in figs .
[ fig1](a ) and [ fig1](c ) are reflection reciprocal . as shown in fig . |
178 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we continue our work on developing techniques for studying turbulence with spectroscopic data .
we show that doppler - broadened absorption spectral lines , in particularly , saturated absorption lines , can be used within the framework of the earlier - int... | observationally it is known that the ism is turbulent on scales ranging from aus to kpc ( see armstrong et al 1995 , elmegreen & scalo 2004 ) , with an embedded magnetic field that influences almost all of its properties .
the issue of quantitative descriptors that can characterize turbulence is not a trivial one ( see... |
179 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: an approach is proposed to nuclear pairing at finite temperature and angular momentum , which includes the effects of the quasiparticle - number fluctuation and dynamic coupling to pair vibrations within the self - consistent quasiparticle random - phase appr... | the bcs theory , however , ignores quantal and thermal fluctuations , which are significant in finite small systems .
therefore , it needs to be corrected for the application to finite nuclei . |
180 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we present observations of the 5@xmath04@xmath1 transition of water vapor _ at 325.15 ghz _ taken with the cso telescope towards orion irc2 .
the emission is more extended than that of other molecular species such as ch@xmath2oh .
however , it is much les... | the size of the emitting regions at that frequency is typically of the order of a few milliarcseconds ( a few 10@xmath10 cm ) .
hence , no information has been obtained from this line on the role of h@xmath3o at large spatial scales . |
181 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we study a new class of networks , generated by sequences of letters taken from a finite alphabet consisting of @xmath0 letters ( corresponding to @xmath0 types of nodes ) and a fixed set of connectivity rules .
recently , it was shown how a binary alphabet... | nodes are added one at a time from bottom to top , @xmath9 s on the left and @xmath10 s on the right.,scaledwidth=35.0% ] hagberg _ et al_. , exploit the fact that threshold graphs may be more elegantly encoded by a two - letter sequence , corresponding to two types of nodes , @xmath9 and @xmath10 @xcite .
as new n... |
182 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the majority of active galactic nuclei ( agn ) observed by _ xmm - newton _ reveal narrow fe k@xmath0 lines at @xmath1 6.4 kev , due to emission from cold ( neutral ) material . there is an x - ray baldwin effect in type i agn , in that the equivalent widt... | , with fwhm velocities typically @xmath5 5000 km s@xmath6 .
iron k@xmath0 emission was first identified as a common feature by _ ginga _ ( pounds 1990 ; nandra & pounds 1994 ) ; observations by _ asca _ tended to find relatively broad profiles , although re - analysis of some of the data indicates that the lines _ m... |
183 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we report on a simple and robust technique to generate a dispersive signal which serves as an error signal to electronically stabilize a monomode cw laser emitting around an atomic resonance .
we explore nonlinear effects in the laser beam propagation throu... | a few simple and reliable techniques were developed @xcite and allow on e to deal with lasers in various long run experiments .
the main idea behind many of these techniques is to generate a dispersive lineshape that will produce an error signal . in particular , for the dichroic atomic vapor laser lock ( davll ) @xcit... |
184 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: although finding numerically the quasinormal modes of a nonrotating black hole is a well - studied question , the physics of the problem is often hidden behind complicated numerical procedures aimed at avoiding the direct solution of the spectral system in th... | , one needs to solve the second - order linear differential equations describing the linearized perturbations of the metric : the regge - wheeler equation ( rwe ) and the zerilli equation for the schwarzschild metric or the teukolsky radial equation ( tre ) for the kerr metric and to impose the appropriate boundary con... |
185 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: in this paper we discuss bayesian nonconvex penalization for sparse learning problems .
we explore a nonparametric formulation for latent shrinkage parameters using subordinators which are one - dimensional lvy processes .
we particularly study a family o... | indeed , the @xmath1 penalty can be transformed into the laplace prior . moreover , this prior can be expressed as a gaussian scale mixture .
this has thus led to bayesian developments of the lasso and its variants @xcite . |
186 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we report on our search for the optical counterparts of the southern hemisphere anomalous x - ray pulsar 1e1048.1 - 5937 and the radio - quiet neutron stars in supernova remnants puppis a , rcw 103 , and pks 1209 - 52 .
the observations were carried out wit... | * the radio - quiet neutron stars ( rqnss ) * are a group of compact x - ray sources found near the center of young supernova remnants .
their x - ray spectra are roughly consistent with young , cooling neutron stars , but they show no evidence for the non - thermal emission associated with `` classical '' young pulsar... |
187 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we consider a three - dimensional chaotic system consisting of the suspension of arnold s cat map coupled with a clock via a weak dissipative interaction . we show that the coupled system displays a synchronization phenomenon , in the sense that the relative ... | the mathematical control of such exponents is typically very hard .
progress in their computation is a fundamental preliminary step for the construction of the srb measure of chains or lattices of chaotic flows , which may serve as toy models for extensive chaotic systems out - of - equilibrium ( i.e. they may serve as... |
188 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: in many analyses in high energy physics , attempts are made to remove the effects of detector smearing in data by techniques referred to as `` unfolding '' histograms , thus obtaining estimates of the true values of histogram bin contents .
such unfolded hi... | the result of some unfolding procedure is then a new histogram with estimates of the true mean bin contents prior to smearing and inefficiency , along with some associated uncertainties .
it is commonly assumed that such unfolded distributions are useful scientifically for comparing data to one or more theoretical pred... |
189 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: here we report our recent study on the spectral energy distribution ( sed ) of the high frequency bllac object mrk421 in different luminosity states .
we used a full - fledged @xmath0-minimization procedure instead of more commonly used `` eyeball '' fit to... | the origin of jets are still unclear .
agns whose jets are viewed at a small angle to its axis are called blazars . the overall ( radio to @xmath4-ray ) spectral energy distribution ( sed ) of blazars shows two broad non - thermal continuum peaks . |
190 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: trace distance is available to capture the dynamical information of the unital aspect of a quantum process .
however , it can not reflect the non - unital part .
so , the non - divisibility originated from the non - unital aspect can not be revealed by th... | exact master equations , which describe the non - markovian dynamics , are complicated @xcite . based on the infinitesimal divisibility in terms of quantum dynamical semigroup , wolf _ et al .
_ provided a model - independent way to study the non - markovian features @xcite . |
191 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we introduce a microscopic model aimed at describing superconductivity that can possibly exist in the background of a magnetic texture called spin - vortex checkerboard " .
this texture was proposed previously as a possible alternative to stripes to interp... | , the issue can not be resolved on purely theoretical grounds , because it requires accuracy of the calculations of the ground state energy not achievable by first - principles theories .
the checkerboard was , initially , less popular as an interpretation of experiments , in part , because of the perception that it in... |
192 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the motion of free nearby test particles relative to a stable equatorial circular geodesic orbit about a kerr source is investigated .
it is shown that the nonlinear generalized jacobi equation can be transformed in this case to an autonomous form .
tidal... | we employ units such that @xmath11 throughout ; moreover , the signature of the metric is @xmath12 in our convention .
suppose that at @xmath13 a probe is launched from @xmath2 and for some time @xmath14 the motion of the probe is closely monitored by observers comoving with @xmath2 . to study relative motion in an inv... |
193 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: a new fixed - target experiment at the cern sps accelerator is proposed that will use decays of charm mesons to search for heavy neutral leptons ( hnls ) , which are right - handed partners of the standard model neutrinos .
the existence of such particles i... | the sm is therefore an entirely self - consistent , weakly - coupled , effective field theory all the way up to the planck scale ( see refs .
@xcite for a recent discussion ) . nevertheless , it is clear that the sm is incomplete . besides a number of fine - tuning problems ( such as the hierarchy and strong cp prob... |
194 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we study a noisy kuramoto - sivashinsky ( ks ) equation which describes unstable surface growth and chemical turbulence .
it has been conjectured that the universal long - wavelength behavior of the equation , which is characterized by scale - dependent par... | let us define @xmath196 for any quantity @xmath190 , where @xmath197 is the heaviside step function .
the statistical quantities of @xmath198 are described by the generating functional @xmath199 $ ] with replacement of @xmath200 by @xmath201 . |
195 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: the thermodynamic and transport properties of the unitary fermi gas at finite temperature @xmath0 are governed by a quantum critical point at @xmath1 and zero density .
we compute the universal shear viscosity to entropy ratio @xmath2 in the high - temperat... | the density equation of state @xmath15 is a universal function which has been measured experimentally @xcite .
the unitary fermi gas becomes superfluid at a universal @xmath16 @xcite , see fig . |
196 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we report on our calculations of the inner - sphere reorganization energy and the interaction of the @xmath0 orbitals within dna oligomers .
the exponential decrease of the electronic coupling between the highest and second highest occupied base orbitals of... | reported as yet , it is clear that there are two mechanisms for transfer of charge depending on the dna structure and transfer parameters : a superexchange charge transfer and the incoherent hopping @xcite .
the charge migration leads to the geometry changes in the nucleotides and the surrounding environment , which si... |
197 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: we report the observation and systematic investigation of the space charge effect and mirror charge effect in photoemission spectroscopy . when pulsed light is incident on a sample , the photoemitted electrons experience energy redistribution after escaping f... | the availability of synchrotron light sources and lasers , combined with the latest advancement of electron energy analyzer , has made a dramatic improvement on the energy resolution of photoemission technique in the last decade ; an energy resolution of @xmath0 5mev or better can now be routinely obtained .
these achi... |
198 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: this report summarizes the progress in the study of higgs physics at a future linear electron positron collider at center - of - mass energies up to about 1000 gev and high luminosity . after the publication of the tesla technical design report @xcite ,
a... | these measurements allow us to extract the fundamental parameters of the higgs sector with high precision .
the series of ecfa / desy workshops aims at a comprehensive study of the physics case , a determination of the achievable precisions on higgs observables as well as on a fruitful cross - talk between theory , phy... |
199 | Suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper: ground state properties and excited states of ladder - type paraphenylene oligomers are calculated applying semiempirical methods for up to eleven phenylene rings .
the results are in qualitative agreement with experimental data .
a new scheme to interpre... | , several oligomers have been synthesized in the past to study the low - lying electronic excited states of the polymer @xcite .
photoconduction in lppp films @xcite has been measured as a function of the energy of the exciting light , too . |
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