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37fd8c47-1e6f-4928-9fec-9654385c0f57 | Allen's test is used to diagnose: | Thoracic outlet syndrome | Palmar arch insufficiency | Superior vena cava syndrome | Coarctation of aorta | 1b | multi | Ref: Bailey and One's Short Practice of Surgery 25th EditionExplanation:Allen's testIt is a test for the patency of the radial artery after insertion of an indwelling monitoring catheter. The patient's hand is formed into a fist *nd the ulnar artery is compressedcompression continues while the fist is opened.If blood p... | Surgery | Orthopedics |
5a3d546b-b468-49f2-b715-c418b7b78938 | Which is denatured collagen in humans? | Gelatin | Homocollagen | Tropocollagen | None | 0a | multi | heat denatured collagen is gelatin . REFERENCE; DM VASUDEVAN TEXTBOOK SEVENTH EDITION ; Page no;39 | Biochemistry | Structure and function of protein |
46506475-1e8b-44b8-ad8e-07921a210434 | Isoform of LDH in skeletal muscles ? | LDH-1 | LDH-2 | LDH-3 | LDH-4 | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., LDH-4 | Biochemistry | null |
88619abc-fa4a-4713-b9ac-aaab17fb29fe | False statement about lateral medullary syndrome? | 5,7,nerve lesions | I/L pain ,temperature loss of body | I/L pain temperature loss of face | 10 nerve palsy | 1b | multi | Lateral medullary syndrome also known as Wallenberg syndrome. Lateral medullary ischemia d/o ipsilateral veebral aery (in most cases) or PICA(in few cases) I/L Horner's + I/L sensory alternation of pain and temp on face (V nerve nucleus involvement) I/L Cerebellar ataxia (involvement of inferior cerebellar peduncle) C/... | Anatomy | Brainstem lesions and blood supply of CNS |
85173cd6-0839-427a-954c-00d3a84e57f5 | Rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis is: | HMG CoA synthetase | HMG CoA reductase | Thiokinase | Mevalonate kinase | 1b | multi | HMG CoA reductase | Biochemistry | null |
af750bd3-a41a-4a04-a9f2-d2d3af291207 | Reinke's crystals are seen in? | Leydig cells | Sertoli cells | Curschmann spirals | Creola bodies | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Leydig cellsRef: Bailey & Love 26th ed. /1341Rectangular, crystal-like inclusions, composed of protein, with pointed or rounded ends in the interstitial cells of the testis (Leydig cells) and hilus cells in the ovary. Inside the Leydig cells of human males can be found Reinkes crystals. The purpose of these cr... | Surgery | Anatomy & Physiology (Testis & Scrotum) |
65165057-c63c-4cae-a044-f91618bb41cc | Dystrophic calcification is seen in ? | Milk alkali syndrome | Atheromatous plaque | Hyperparathyroidism | Vitamin A intoxication | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Atheromatous plaqueDystrophic calcification o When pathological calcification takes place in dead, dying or degenerated tissue, it is called dystrophic calcification. o Calcium metabolism is not altered and serum calcium level is normal.Dystrophic calcification in dead tissues1.In caseous necrosis of ... | Pathology | null |
689b829a-e507-45fe-8784-db90ba50a3ae | A 55-year-old woman present due to recent onset of chest pain and dyspnea. Six weeks prior, patient suffered MI. On physical examination, friction rub over 5th intercostal space in midclavicular line along with elevated JVP. What is the most likely cause of this presentation? | Cardiac rupture syndrome | Thromboembolism | Dressler syndrome | Ventricular aneurysm | 2c | single | Dressler syndrome is an autoimmune phenomenon that result in fibrinous pericarditis. Fibrinous pericarditis is both an early and late complication of MI. The delayed pericarditis typically develops 2-10 weeks post MI and present clinically as chest pain and pericardial friction rub. It is generally treated with aspirin... | Pathology | Myocardial Infarction |
0fb6fa10-5407-4363-9888-d317425e9da8 | What is the pressure at which oxygen is stored ? | 75 psi | 1600 psi | 760 psi | 2200 psi | 3d | single | Oxygen is stored at a pressure of 1900psi | Anaesthesia | Anaesthetic equipments |
25e3f0f1-cfb6-40be-bc4b-b80174a33f81 | Which of the following is false about varicocele | Most common in left testis | Causes infertility | Treated by palomo procedure | Present in old age patients | 3d | multi | It is common in young males.
Bag of worms consistency e is present on examination
It has high recurrence rate. | Surgery | null |
fa772049-7274-4a11-a27a-4c1d3bb864c7 | Testicular Feminization syndrome is characterised by all except | Absent uterus | Primary amenorrhea | Normal breast | Barr body present | 3d | multi | Karyotype in testicular feminization syndrome is 46 XY. Barr body is therfore absent. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
f09a05ea-fa08-41a4-a7c8-a243ce4f17b9 | The Periapical lesion that would most likely contain bacteria within the lesion is | Periapical abscess | Periapical cyst | Periapical granuloma | Condensing osteitis | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
1f45779a-010a-4ecb-a284-532a3aab3ae9 | Facial nerve exits the skull through | Stylomastoid foramen | Internal acoustic meatus | Foramen Lacerum | Foramen Rotundum | 0a | single | Facial nerve enters the temporal bone through - Internal acoustic meatus Facial nerve exits the skull through - Stylomastoid foramen. Ref: PL Dhingra, Diseases of Ear, Nose & Throat, 7th edition, pg no. 99 | ENT | Oral cavity & Oesophagus |
58049b95-9b55-437d-b0d7-6a0c39eca507 | A child presenting with clinical features of an endocrine abnormality showed epiphyseal dysgenesis in imaging studies. Epiphyseal dysgenesis is a pathognomonic feature of: | Hypoparathyroidism | Hyperparathyroidism | Hypothyroidism | Hypehyroidism | 2c | single | Epiphyseal dysgenesis is radiological finding of hypothyroidism which is characterized by centers of ossification, especially of the hip, may show multiple small centers or a single stippled, porous, or fragmented center. Other radiological findings of hypothyroidism: Delayed bone age Cardiomegaly Thyrotrophic hyperpla... | Pediatrics | null |
59af5c63-ffd8-426a-915c-53806a071d91 | All of the following statement regarding stones in the submandibular gland are true except: March 2008 | 80% of stones occur in the submandibular gland | Majority of submandibular stones are radio-lucent | Stones are the most common cause of obstruction within the submandibular gland | Patient presents with acute swelling in the region of the submandibular gland | 1b | multi | Ans. B: Majority of submandibular stones are radio-lucent | Surgery | null |
d1e3de35-3e36-4bc5-b0a5-8f750dacadf6 | A 90-year-old woman with mild diabetes and Alzheimer's disease die in her sleep. At autopsy, hepatocytes are noted to contain golden cytoplasmic granules that do not stain with Prussian blue. Which of the following best accounts for pigment accumulation in the liver of this patient? | Advanced age | Alzheimer disease | Congestive hea failure | Diabetic ketoacidosis | 0a | single | The answer is A: Advanced age. Substances that cannot be metabolized accumulate in cells. Examples include:- (1) endogenous substrates that are not processed because a key enzyme is missing (lysosomal storage diseases) (2) insoluble endogenous pigments (lipofuscin and melanin) (3) exogenous paiculates (silica and carbo... | Pathology | Pigmentation |
a1f9efa9-99e6-46ff-ad88-35ea7697cc17 | Iliac crest graft should ideally be taken from | Lateral aspect | Medial aspect | Posterosuperior aspect | Antero inferior aspect | 1b | multi | null | Dental | null |
9d0863a9-3345-43fc-836f-c014dd9d096a | The lymphatic drainage from the tip of tongue first passes to: | Submental nodes | Supra clavicular nodes | Sub mandibular nodes | Superior deep cervical nodes | 0a | single | null | Anatomy | null |
0f3deb65-cc6b-44cd-bc83-d00d4905ab22 | The following statements are related to clear cell carcinoma of the vagina except : | Common to those whose mothers were given diethylstilbestrol during early pregnancy | Vaginal adenosis may progress to this conditions | The middle one-third is the commonest site | May be multicentric and may involve even the cervix as well | 2c | multi | clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina: Found in adolescent girls who have a history of intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol Incidence following DES exposure is 1:1000 may develop vaginal adenosis lesion usually involves upper third of anterior vaginal wall and cervix may be involved Treatment: radical hysterectomy... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Gynaecological oncology |
f0013e89-e17a-4684-a19b-c6fab23d5b3d | A 55 years old smoking presents with history of five episodes of macroscopic hematuria each lasting for about 4-5 days in the past five years. Which of the following investigations should be performed to evaluate the suspected diagnosis? | Urine microscopy and cytology | X-ray KUB | Ultrasound KUB | DTPA scan | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Urine microscopy and cytologyRef: Smith 17th Edition, Pages 308-315Diagnosis of Urinary bladder carcinoma:* Cystoscopy and transurethral resection is the IOC for obvious lesions.* Urinary cytology is the IOC for carcinoma in situ.* Cytological examination of exfoliated cells from tumor is useful in detecting c... | Surgery | Urethra & Penis |
cfb12c2d-c5d8-49d5-a2a5-42afdebbcbbf | Right shift of oxygen dissociation curve is caused by? | Hypothermia | Hypoxia | Alkalosis | HbF | 1b | single | Ans. is `b' i.e., Hypoxia | Physiology | null |
75f686b2-0de1-4692-b43e-e4369a67efec | The most common manifestation of congenital toxoplasmosis | Deafness | Chorioretinitis | Hepatosplenomegaly | Thrombocytopenia | 1b | single | *Congenital toxoplasmosis is caused by toxoplasma gondi .The transmissibility increases but the risk of feral disease decreases with advancing pregnancy * The classical triad of toxoplasmosis includes intracranial calcification, hydrocephalus and chorioretinitis. Diagnosis is confirmed by demonstrating IgM in serum of ... | Pediatrics | Infectious disease |
f1b5bbf5-1072-421e-87da-846c05e52a85 | The diagnostic procedure not done in case of ph eochromoc ytoma. | CT scan | MRI | FNAC | MIBG scan | 2c | single | FNAC "Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration of chromallin tumors is contraindicated; indeed, pheochronwcytoma should be considered before adrenal lesions are aspirated." -Harrison "Catastrophic hypeensive crisis and fatal cardiac arrhythmias can occur spontaneously or may be triggered by intravenous contrast dye or gluca... | Pathology | null |
c5dda503-75dc-43b5-bc1e-d9e3e5e5661d | Which of the following necrosis occurs characteristically in brain infarcts? | Caseous necrosis | Fibrinoid necrosis | Coagulative necrosis | Liquefactive necrosis | 3d | multi | CNS parenchymal infarcts organize an influx of macrophages into the area of necrosis. The macrophages ingest the lipid-rich, necrotic parenchyma, ultimately conveing the area to a fluid-filled cavity (liquefactive necrosis). This process is usually complete by about 6 months after the development of the infarct. | Pathology | All India exam |
c5a99dbe-1d66-4920-8789-b59b488a70ca | In deltoid paralysis, which nerve is involved : | Circumflex N | Musculocutaneous N | Axillary N | Radial N | 2c | single | C. i.e. Axillary nerve | Anatomy | null |
3733b529-ec93-41c9-8863-2d47450783b2 | A 41 year old woman presented with a history of aches and pains all over the body and generalized weakness for four years. She cannot sleep because of the illness and has lost her appetite as well. She has a lack of interest in work and doesn't like to meet friends and relatives. She denies feelings of sadness. Her mos... | Somatoform pain disorder | Major depression | Somatization disorder | Dissociative | 1b | multi | This is a case of somatized (masked) depression which is a form of major depression in which the depressed patients may present their distress as somatic symptoms, e.g. chronic pain, anorexia (loss of appetite), insomnia (cannot sleep), paresthesia, atypical facial pain, and generalized weakness. Depressive mood is not... | Psychiatry | null |
5ff554e7-d44b-4733-a082-a11222f0b3c8 | 'Tentative cuts' are seen with | Homicide | Suicide | Culpicide | Fabricated wounds | 1b | single | Ans. b (Suicide) (Ref. FMT by N. Reddy 5th/pg.93)TENTATIVE (preliminary cuts) CUTS# Hesitation cuts derive their name from the hesitation with which these incisions are made by a person intending to commit suicide by a cutting instrument.# He or she usually makes preliminary cuts before gathering sufficient courage to ... | Forensic Medicine | Injuries by Sharp Force |
45815be4-f1cc-47e7-beee-c8d7b38af30a | Which of the following is FALSE about SOMATIZATION Syndrome - | Involves 2 sexual disturbance Symptoms | Two GI symptoms | Four pain symptoms | Multiple recurrent symptoms | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Involves 2 sexual disturbance Symptomso For diagnostic criteria at least 1 sexual symptom should be there (not two),o All other diagnostic criteria (other three options) are true.Somatization disordero The essential features of somatization disorder are multiple recurrent somatic symptoms of long dura... | Psychiatry | Somatic Symptom Disorder |
e82ac2dc-bfb4-413f-94c4-9e3f193d73c0 | Coagulation defect associated with increased coagulation are seen in | Increased protein C | Increased protein S | Increased anti thrombin 3 | Protein C resistance | 3d | single | Ref Harrison 16/e p1491 ,9/e p123 Protein C and protein S are two vitamin K-dependent proteins that act in a complex to proteolytically inacti- vate cofactors Va and VIIIa. Protein C activation by thrombomodulin was described earlier; protein S is a cofactor for protein C activity Resistance to activated protein C due ... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
e0227b97-3cbd-4d9e-98ea-f8bd7ad5a958 | Patient with leprosy, smear sample taken show 10 - 100 bacilli in one field. Bacterial index is ? | 1+ | 2+ | 3+ | 4+ | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., 4+ Bacteriological Index For Leprosy It is a rough index expressing probable number of acid fast bacilli for standardized microscopic field in skin smear. It is indicative of the load of bacteria at the site from which smear is taken. It does not differentiate between live and dead bacilli. It is not ... | Skin | null |
3cddd21f-6b6b-4b9a-935b-7dc0e19b0cdb | Enteroviruses are associated with all of the following, EXCEPT: | Aseptic Meningitis | Pleurodynia | Herpangina | Hemorrhagic fever | 3d | multi | Acute hemorrhagic fever is not caused by the enteroviruses. It usually causes non specific febrile illness, hand foot mouth disease, Herpangina, coryza, conjunctivitis, pericarditis, myocarditis, gastrointestinal symptoms and neurological symptoms. Ref: Kliegman, Behrman, Jenson, Stanton (2008), "Nelson Textbook of Ped... | Microbiology | null |
10dbd538-989e-48e8-973a-6e5793123479 | The commonest type of Pemphigus is | Pemphigus vulgaris | Pemphigus foliaceous | Pemphigus erythematous | Pemphigus vegetans | 0a | single | Pemphigus vulgaris is the most common form of pemphigus and occurs when antibodies attack Desmoglein 3. Usually begins with painful blisters in your mouth and then on the skin or genital mucous membranes. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1334 | Dental | Vestibulobullous disorders |
9c350cb2-2a64-48a1-830c-e0109493d9f3 | Under-running may involve: | Crush injury abdomen | Run over injury | Decapitation | Chest injury | 2c | single | Under-running/ tail gating Tail-gating occasionally occurs with cars driving into the back of large trucks. In such case, the windscreen and front of the passenger compament are smashed with severe injuries to the head and in some cases decapitation of the occupants of the front seat. Also seen where the motorcyclist d... | Forensic Medicine | Regional injuries |
2e676945-99ef-4ae1-866c-6416e4d826e4 | The following branches originate directly from the subclavian artery, except | Vertebral | Thyro-cervical trunk | Internal Thoracic | Supra scapular | 3d | multi | null | Anatomy | null |
35daf664-ac5d-43c9-a209-1220364ea9c5 | The highest quantity of lipid and lowest concentration of protein are found in | Chylomicrons | Very low density lipoproteins | Low density lipoproteins | High density lipoproteins | 0a | single | null | Biochemistry | null |
096ce485-a8f2-4357-9244-4f5a8d41797f | A young tourist presents with a skin lesion after being to Rajastan. He presents with an erythematous lesion on the cheek with central crusting. What is the likely dermatological condition? | Cutaneous Leishmaniasis | Systemic Lupus Erythematosis | Lupus vulgaris | Chilblains | 0a | single | A typical lesion of Acute Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is papule at the site of the sand fly bite which enlarges and breaks down in the centre. The ulcer usually has a rolled border. When the lesion heals in a year's time it leaves a distinctive depressed hyper pigmented scar. The typical sites are cheeks and arms (exposed ... | Skin | null |
7b922ffe-7372-43b3-bd2d-2923c09944c0 | Which of the following association is true regarding facial nerve palsy in temporal bone fractures? | Common with Longitudinal fractures | Common with Transverse Fracture | Always associated with CSF Otorrhea | Facial nerve injury is always complete | 1b | multi | Longitudinal fractures of Temporal bone are more common than transverse fracture but, facial nerve injury is most commonly associated with Transverse fracture of the temporal bone. | ENT | null |
4dcabed9-630e-40ca-8b8e-309f2ac4bd4b | A 1-year-old female infant has failure to thrive, poor neurologic development, and poor motor function. Physical examination shows a "cherry red" spot on the macula of the retina. The infant's muscle tone is poor. Both parents and a brother and sister are healthy, with no apparent abnormalities. One brother with a simi... | Mitochondrial enzyme | Lysosomal enzyme | Cell surface receptor protein | Structural protein | 1b | multi | The findings listed suggest a severe inherited neurologic disease, and the pattern of inheritance (e.g., normal parents, an affected sibling) is consistent with an autosomal recessive disorder. This inheritance pattern and the cherry red spot in the retina are characteristic of Tay-Sachs disease, caused by mutations in... | Pathology | Genetics |
e72c5519-e944-45ce-8787-08de7bd530af | In prolactinoma most common symptom other than galactorrea is? | Bitemporal hemianopia | Amennorhea | Thyroid dysfuntion | Headache | 1b | single | Pituitary tumors 1.Eosinophil (Acidophil) adenomas: Tumour is usually small. Rarely it causes compressive features. It secretes excess growth hormone causing acromegaly in adults and gigantism in children. 2. Chromophobe adenomas are common in females and in the age group--20-50 years. Initially, it is intrasellar and ... | Surgery | Trauma |
9e55d3c7-3554-4e70-9601-f53aee558d22 | Lens develops from. | Neuroectoderm | Surface ectoderm | Mesoderm | Neural crest | 1b | single | Ans. (b) Surface ectodermSurface EctodermNeural EctodermMesodermNeural Crest* Conjunctival Epithelium* Corneal Epithelium* Lacrimal gland* Tarsal gland* Lens* Smooth muscle of Iris* Iris Epithelium* Ciliary Epithelium* Retina & its pigment epithelium* Optic nerve fibre* Part of vitrous* EOM* Sclera* Iris* Vascular endo... | Ophthalmology | Miscellaneous (Lens) |
3203ecaa-a38e-4ea6-a2f8-9bdc8fdbb1b5 | The lower lip gets its sensory supply through the: | Buccal branch of the facial nerve | Buccal branch of the mandibular nerve | Mandibular branch of the facial nerve | Mental nerve | 3d | single | null | Anatomy | null |
aa333fc7-f40d-4b10-ad73-83ec9bf1f4ed | Rough, poorly polished areas of pontics may cause | Halitosis | Discomfort | Chronic inflammation of the ridge tissue | All of the above | 3d | multi | null | Dental | null |
9275fad7-2ffd-4508-b94f-c25531ffffb6 | Manoeuvre carried out for diagnosing medial meniscus injury is: March 2010, March 2013 (c, d) | McMurray's test | Lachmann's test | Valgus stress test | Varus stress test | 0a | single | Ans. A: McMurray's Test McMurray's test is performed for meniscus injury For medial meniscus: Patient lying flat (non-weight bearing), the knee is completely flexed. The foot is rotated externally and the leg abducted. The joint is now slowly extended keeping the leg externally rotated and abducted. As the torn cailage... | Surgery | null |
e347704c-605b-4aa7-a308-9251d308d188 | A young boy came with dyspnea and was found to have a mediastinal mass. Which of the following is known to produce mediastinal lymphadenopathy? | Diffuse large B cell Lymphoma | B cell rich T cell lymphoma | Mediastinal rich B cell lymphoma | T cell Lymphoblastic ALL | 3d | multi | mediastinal lymphadenopathy ,sternal tenderness and mediastinal mass are seen with ALL. | Pathology | Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
3cdcb8a3-7240-430c-96f7-3838086bcb59 | Only male are affected in | Scheie's syndrome | Hunter's syndrome | Hurler's syndrome | Gaucher's disease | 1b | single | Hunter's syndrome belongs to Type II mucopolysaccharidoses in which mucopolysaccharides accumulate in the lysosomes causing disorganization of the cell structure & function.This syndrome is characterised by mild mental retardation;marked skeletal changes like thickening of the skull,marked deformity of sella tursica,br... | Pediatrics | Metabolic disorders |
7e7393c1-0e7f-4473-916b-800944abe7ad | Adoptive immunity is by? | Infection | Injection of antibodies | Injection of lymphocytes | Immunization | 2c | single | Aadoptive immunity: a special type of immunisation is the injection of immunologically competent lymphocytes. - instead of whole lymphocytes, an extract of immunologically competent lymphocytes, known as the transfer factor can be used. Reference: Anathanarayan & paniker's 9th edition, pg no:84 <\p> | Microbiology | Immunology |
f6b8f3c0-c8da-4a7c-a43c-8d6d5624892c | A 41 y/o male presents with complaints of inability to achieve proper erections during sexual intercourse. He repos that there were no abnormalities till last month, when on one occasion he tried having sex with wife while he was drunk. He was not able to achieve a proper erection at that time and since than, on four o... | Anxiety | Diabetes | Alcohol | Hypeension | 0a | single | History of sudden onset, normal morning erections and normal erection during masturbation is suggestive of Psychogenic Erectile dysfunction. The cause is usually performance anxiety. To differentiate between psychogenic and organic erectile dysfunction best test is ask for nocturnal / early morning erections as patient... | Psychiatry | Sexual Disorders |
feb7f7b3-2c62-43ec-b544-d585f93d48d9 | All of the following can cause hypersecretion of prolactin, except? | Prolactinoma | Haloperidol | Hypothyroidism | Cabergoline | 3d | multi | The function of dopamine is to supress the prolactin secretion. Prolactin agonists reduce secretion of prolactin and antagonists increase the secretion of prolactin. Cabergoline is a long acting dopamine agonist. The drug suppresses prolactin secretion. Used to treat prolactinoma. All others can cause increased secreti... | Medicine | null |
a0a269b2-39d3-4952-ac4a-b94612a51731 | A 10 years boy presented with sensory neural deafness not benefited with hearing aid, Next treatment is | Cochlear implant | Fenestromy | Stapedectomy | Stapes fixation | 0a | single | A. i.e. (Cochlear implant) (125- Maqbool 11th) (121- Dhingra 4th)COCHLEAR IMPLANT - is indicated in patients with bilateral severe sensorineural deafness who do not respond to amplified sound stimuli* Cochlear implants are more useful in post lingually deaf patients i.e. who lost their hearing after acquisition of lang... | ENT | Ear |
84c6ab92-006a-40fd-8ec5-cef733fb56f0 | A 15-year-old boy complains of right-sided weakness and gait impairment. A CT scan shows a large, non-enhancing cyst in the posterior cranial fossa, with an enhancing tumor nodule in the left cerebellum. What is the most likely diagnosis? | An arachnoid cyst | A cystic astrocytoma | Rathke's cleft cyst | Glioblastoma multiforme | 1b | single | Cystic astrocytoma's are neoplasms of the CNS. They usually consist of a large, non-enhancing cyst on the wall of which is an enhancing tumor nodule. They are most commonly found within the substance of the cerebellar hemispheres of children and young adults. A Rathke's cleft cyst is a remnant of the embryologic Rathke... | Surgery | Nervous System |
0fd7b0d0-2ea2-4af1-932a-d36901f0c2cc | Ketamine produces ? | Emergence delirium | Pain on injection | Bronchoconstriction | Depression of cardiovascular system | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Emergence delirium Ketamine The primary site of action is in the coex and subcoical areas; not in the reticular activating system (site of action of barbiturates). It acts on NMDA receptors. Sho duration of action (10-15 minutes) is due to redistribution from brain and blood to other tissues of the bo... | Anaesthesia | null |
f9272077-b4e0-4691-ade0-a5fa3bfccb06 | Splenectomy is done to tide over the acute crises of uncontrollable: | ITP | TTP | HUS | All of the above | 0a | multi | Indications of splenectomy in ITP: Failure of medical therapy Prolonged use of steroids with undesirable effects Most cases of first relapse Splenectomy provides a permanent response without subsequent need for steroids in 75-85% of patients. Laparoscopic splenectomy has become the gold standard for ITP patients. Respo... | Surgery | Spleen |
90b3f354-77a5-487c-ad11-1698f2a7bbee | Osteoahritis not seen in ? | Ankle joints | Knee joints | Hip joints | I stmetacarpophalangeal joint | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ankle joints OA affects ceain joints, yet spares others. Commonly affected joints include the cervical and lumbosacral spine, hip, knee, and first metatarsal phalangeal joint (MTP). In the hands, the distal and proximal interphalangeal joints and the base of the thumb are often affected. Usually spare... | Surgery | null |
6ec7e218-c7ca-4232-836e-b7b0feddaefc | Compared with cow's milk, mother's milk has more- | Lactose | Vitamin D | Proteins | Fat | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Lactose Lactose (g) Cow's milk 4.4 Human milk 7.4 Proteins (g) 3.2 1.1 Fat (g) 4.1 3.4 Calcium (mg) 120 28 Iron (mg) 0.2 1.0 Water (g) 87 Energy (Kcal) 67 65 | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
0946bf0a-8374-4bfc-a0d4-af39a888a610 | Characteric finding in restrictive lung disease is: | Decreased FEV1 | Increased TLC | Normal FEV1/VC | All | 2c | multi | Ans. c (Normal FEV, /Vc). (Ref. Harrison, Principles of Medicine, 18th/1448)OBSTRUCTIVE PATTERNRESTRICTIVE PATTERN (Al 2005)EXTRAPARENCHYMAL PATTERN (INSPIRATORY DYSFUNCTION)Decreased expiratory flow rates (hallmark)Normal forced expiratory flow ratesExpiratory flow rates not affectedDecreased FEV1/VC (in fully establi... | Medicine | Respiratory |
0aa64051-b76f-448a-aa96-ca40a043c2c6 | Down beat nystagmus is seen in? | Arnold chiari malformation | Brain stem damage | Pontine hemorrhage | Labyrinthine damage | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Arnold chiari malformation Down-beat nystagmus are seen in cerebellar lesion and Arnold-chiary malformation | Ophthalmology | null |
24b818e3-feae-4620-b7f0-a2c2123770c0 | Which of the following is not true for ZollingerEllison syndrome: September 2008 | Recurrence after operation | Reduced BAO : MAO ratio | Gastrin producing tumour | Diarrhoea may be a presenting feature | 1b | multi | Ans. B: Reduced BAO : MAO ratio Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is a rare condition characterized by peptic ulcers that are refractory to conventional medical therapy. Gastrin-producing tumors or gastrinomas cause excessive gastric acid secretion, leading to ulcers of the upper GI tract, as well as diarrhea and severe... | Surgery | null |
83ad06ae-c3bc-4774-bd5b-c6b037c9a88a | All are seen in Malignant hyperthermia except : | Bradycardia | Hyperkalemia | Metabolic acidosis | Hypertension | 0a | multi | null | Unknown | null |
806ab85f-ad81-4119-80d5-d1914fee41ae | Edman's reagent is - | 2-4 dinitrophenol | 1 -fluoro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene | Phenyl-isocyanate | Cynogen bromide | 2c | single | Ans. is 6c' i.e., Phenyl-isocyanateo Determination of amino acid sequence (sequence analysis) is performed by Edman degradation method on automatic mechines, called cyclic sequentors. Edman's reagent is phenyl-isothiocyanate, and forms a covalent bond to N- terminal of amino-acid. This can be identified.o Sanger's reag... | Biochemistry | Proteins and Amino Acids |
094776a9-8ba4-4f25-b216-64304d58165b | Farmer presents with the features of high fever, painful inguinal lymphadenopathy, vomiting and diarrhea and 'Ivpotension. Which stain will help in the diagnosis | Neisser stain | Wayson's stain | Albe's stain | McFadyean's stain | 1b | single | Ans. b. Wayson's stain Farmer presents with the features of high fever, painful inguinal lymphadenopathy, vomiting and diarrhea and hypotension. This clinical picture is suggestive of Bubonic plague. Bubonic plague Bubonic plague symptoms can occur within two to six days of being infected by the bacteria Yersinia pesti... | Microbiology | null |
38360e1d-5d6a-4427-945a-25daacdbc13e | Area of Cornea indented in Goldman Applanation tonometer for measuring IOP | 3.66mm | 3.6mm | 3.0mm | 3.06mm | 3d | single | Area of Cornea indented in Goldman Applanation tonometer for measuring IOP is 3.06mm. | Ophthalmology | null |
74f810fb-59d2-417d-87d0-3590eba9c585 | Not used in the treatment of Juvenile Larynegeal papillomatosis | INF α | INF β | Bevacizumab | Cedofovir | 1b | single | null | ENT | null |
f79c7007-034c-4da7-9940-b5ed6385083f | The commonest extradural spinal tumour is ? | Neurofibroma | Glioma | Meningioma | Metastasis | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Metastasis | Surgery | null |
18e37ea6-e4b5-479c-966b-2a92cab18158 | Causes of acute flaccid paralysis - | Poliomyelitis | Tick paralysis | ADEM | All of the above | 3d | multi | null | Medicine | null |
37f710ed-5b93-4a98-8232-6eed3b95a8e8 | A 45 year old woman presents with a hard and mobile lump in the breast. Next investigation is - | FNAC | USG | Mammography | Excision biopsy | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., FNAC In any patient with a breast lump or other symptoms suggestive of carcinoma, diagnosis should be made by a combination of : 'Triple Assessment' : a. Clinical assessment b. Radiological imaging c. Tissue sampling for either cytological or histological examination. FNAC is more than often the first... | Surgery | null |
e00fddd9-6e29-4595-b6d6-50621e789563 | Primary Regulator for central chemoreceptor - | PaCO2 | PCO2 | H+ | O2 | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., H+ Central chemoreceptors o These receptors are located in a chemosensitive area on the ventral surface of the medulla near the exit of the ninth and tenth cranial nerves. The primary stimulus for the central chemoreceptors is an increase in the hydrogen ion concentration. Stimulation of central chemo... | Physiology | Regulation of Respiration |
6a835aa8-6ce4-4237-b3b7-90c901697777 | The commonest cause of primary Amenorrhoea is: | Genital tuberculosis | Ovarian dysgenesis | Mullerian duct anomalies | Hypothyroidism | 1b | single | Most common cause of Primary Amenorrhea = Gonadal dysgenesis/ovarian dysgenesis
2nd most common cause of Primary Amenorrhea = Mullerian agenesis (Mayer Rokitansky Kuster Hauser Syndrome)
“Mullerian agenesis is a relatively common cause of primary amenorrhea, more frequent than congenital androgen insensitivity and se... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
300a84bb-a38f-48f8-9351-fe4702ed5551 | All the following types of hypersensitivity reactions can be demonstrated by skin test except ? | Type I | Type II | Type III | Type IV | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Type II Has been explained | Microbiology | null |
d31d7a90-ab98-44ce-a50f-5e9188e5ca85 | All of these hormones use cAMP as second messenger except: | Corticotropin | Dopamine | Glucagon | Vasopressin | 3d | multi | Ans. (D) Vasopressin(Ref: Katzung 11/e p301, Gationg 22/e p41-43)Vasopressin acts via V1 and V2 receptors. V1 receptors use IP3 -DAG-Ca2+ pathway whereas V2 use cAMP as second messenger. All other drugs mentioned in the question act by cAMP pathway only. Thus, all of these use cAMP as second messenger, but if we need t... | Pharmacology | Endocrinology |
efd7312d-6635-4163-9508-fc2785ac421f | An elderly multigravida female presents in labor. She has multiple fibroids in lower uterine segment. Management is: | Vaginal delivery | Trial of labor | LSCS | Classical cesarean followed by hysterectomy | 3d | single | Ans. is d, i.e. Classical cesarean section followed by hysterectomySince this female is multigravida with multiple fibroids in lower uterine segments - vaginal delivery is not possible as multiple fibroids are present in lower uterine segment. We will have to do cesarean - but LSCS is also not feasible due to fibroids ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Operative Obs |
e9e36fed-87e2-455b-9a0b-a62f3bf54a27 | All post-operative patients must be supplemented with
oxygen concentration of at least
: | 50-60% | 40-45% | 30-35% | 20-25% | 2c | multi | null | Surgery | null |
a0ac5899-caa4-479f-904c-70282a6f1255 | Microfalaria in Culex depicts what kind of Biological transmission? | Cyclo-developmental | Cyclo-propagative | Developmental | Propagative | 0a | single | Microfalaria in culex is an example of cyclo-developmental transmission. In Culex mosquito, it undergoes only development. stages will change There is no multiplication taking place in it. TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL TRANSMISSION- Propogative transmission Cyclo-developmental Cyclo-propogative | Social & Preventive Medicine | Other Key Definitions & Concepts |
025acc86-47be-449f-8d13-acd582532027 | All extra-ocular muscles are supplied by the oculomotor nerve except | Superior rectus | Inferior oblique | Lateral rectus | Medial rectus | 2c | multi | The superior oblique is supplied by the trochlear nerve The lateral rectus is supplied by abducent nerve The superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus and inferior oblique are supplied by occulomotor nerve Ref BDC volume 3,sixth edition pg 208 | Anatomy | Head and neck |
ea5e485a-1529-49c8-9d6e-331ab509dbb8 | Which of the following chemical mediator of inflammation is an example of a C-X-C or alpha chemokine | Lipoxin LXA4 | Interleukin IL8 | Interleukin IL 6 | Monocyte chemo attractant protein MPC1 | 1b | single | Ref Robbins 9/e p87 IL-8, also known as neutrophil chemotactic factor, has two primary functions. It induces chemotaxis in target cells, primarily neutrophils but also other granulocytes, causing them to migrate toward the site of infection. IL-8 also stimulates phagocytosis once they have arrived. IL-8 is also known t... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
0e8fa3cf-c409-4f0a-8623-32daa1aeca56 | Epidural anaesthesia is preferred over spinal anaesthesia because: September 2006 | Prolonged duration of effect | Cheaper | Less incidence of intravascular injection | Less incidence of epidural hematoma | 0a | single | Ans. A: Prolonged duration of effect Epidural anaesthesia, a form of regional anaesthesia involving injection of drugs through a catheter placed into the epidural space. The injection can cause both a loss of sensation (anaesthesia) and a loss of pain (analgesia), by blocking the transmission of signals through nerves ... | Anaesthesia | null |
e8e6d29f-7524-49ca-9d4f-4460cd353462 | Which of the following drugs cause relaxation of LES? 1. Nitrates 2. Histamine blockers 3. Morphine 4. Atropine 5. Calcium channel blockers | 1,2 & 3 | 1,4 & 5 | 1,2 & 5 | All | 1b | multi | Factor causing relaxation of LES Factor increasing LES pressure Pharmacological agents:nitrates, anticholinergics, barbiturates, calcium channel blockers, caffeine, theophylline, diazepam, dopamine, prostaglandin E1 and E2 and meperidine Pepperdine Chocolate Coffee Alcohol Smoking Fat Antacids Cholinergics Domperidone ... | Surgery | null |
83b3d1eb-c31c-4045-9d0f-85378a4ba217 | Plasma membrane is freely permeable to - | Glucose | Urea | Glycerol | Alcohol | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Alcoholo As the major middle portion of membrane (core of the membrane) is formed by hydrophobic region of phospholipids, this portion is impermeable to the usual water-soluble substances, such as ions, glucose and urea.o Conversely, fat-soluble substances, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and alcohol,... | Physiology | Nervous System |
a847d0a6-6a8b-4829-82f0-456ac21691bf | Which of the following drugs is not useful in the management of Postpaum Hemorrhage(PPH)? | Mifepristone | Misoprostol | Oxytocin | Ergotamine | 0a | single | Mifepristone is a progestin analogue and it blocks the effects of progesterone. It is used as a medical termination of pregnancy in the first trimester and as a post-coital contraceptive. While misoprostol, oxytocin and ergotamine are oxytocics and as uterine stimulants are used in the management of postpaum hemorrhage... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
1d2bdc84-54fe-4039-b3e2-a9e1f89db629 | Which is not a alkylating agent? | Cyclophosphamide | Chlorambucil | 5-FU | Melphalan | 2c | single | 5-FU is an metabolite | Pharmacology | All India exam |
d0e3a4ce-3d2f-44cc-b425-ad3a7e55b7c5 | 100% Oxygen is not effective in: March 2005 | Pulmonary edema | MI | Tetralogy of fallot | COPD | 2c | multi | Ans. C: Tetralogy of fallot | Medicine | null |
9789dcf5-540d-4cd0-8e7a-d13b9dfd31b4 | The lymph nodes first involved in cancer of the skin of the scrotum are - | Superfical inguinal | External iliac | Para aortic | Gland of Cloquet | 0a | single | • Squamous cell carcinoma of scrotumQ, most commonly resulted from exposure to environmental carcinogens including chimney soot, tars, paraffin and petroleum products.
• Superficial inguinal lymph nodes are the first lymph nodes involved.
Risk Factors
• Most cases results from poor hygiene and chronic inflammation.
Di... | Surgery | null |
7e6261a2-7fc3-4c85-ab54-63c5dab33faf | The primary therapy to prevent oesophageal varices is : | Surgical approaches | Sclerotherapy | TIPPS | Shunt operation | 1b | single | The treatment of patients with varices that have never bled is usually referred to as prophylactic therapy (eg, prophylactic sclerotherapy or prophylactic propranolol). By convention, procedures performed on patients who have bled previously are referred to as therapeutic (eg, therapeutic shunts). Prophylactic therapy ... | Surgery | null |
16826f89-a0cc-41a1-bac5-5664c2d97345 | The followng does not occur with asbestosis - | Methaemoglobinemia | Pneumoconiosis | Pleural mesothelioma | Pleural calcification | 0a | single | Ref:Textbook of pathology (Harsh mohan) 6th edition,page no.492 Overexposure to asbestos is associated with 3 types of lesions: asbestosis, pleural disease and ceain tumours. A. ASBESTOSIS. The gross pulmonary fibrosis caused by asbestos exposure and histologic demonstration of asbestos bodies on asbestos fibres is ter... | Pathology | Respiratory system |
8ab48902-c522-444c-9539-1f3f016e9726 | True about phobia are all, except: NIMHANS 08; NEET 13 | Generalized anxiety | Avoiding paicular situation | Fear and anxiety of specific thing | Insight is present | 0a | multi | Ans. Generalized anxiety | Forensic Medicine | null |
6683f089-c480-4c20-a8be-cc5bb8105d32 | An adolescent is brought to the emergency depament following an episode of myoclonic jerks at morning after waking up. His consciousness was not impaired. His EEG shows generalized 3-4 Hz spike and slow wave complexes. Most probable diagnosis is? | Generalized tonic clonic seizure | Absent seizure | Temporal lobe epilepsy | Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy | 3d | single | Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is a subtype of idiopathic generalized epilepsy with onset usually between 8 and 20 years of age. Myoclonic jerks, especially in the morning, are of variable intensity ranging from simple twitching ("flying saucer syndrome") to falls; consciousness is not impaired in it. It is precipitated b... | Pediatrics | null |
f9e30cbe-04b7-496d-a3fb-17843c17df59 | Thiopentone is not used in? | Induction of anesthesia | Medically induced coma | As truth serum | As antidepressant | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., As antidepressant | Anaesthesia | null |
b04c0b13-32db-4f4b-a75a-fb7e643bcc85 | True about tracheal bifurcation - | At lower border of T4 | At lower border of T4 Tracheal ring has hoop-shaped process | Called Carina | All of the above | 3d | multi | Trachea
The trachea is 10-15 cm long tube formed by C-Shaped hyaline cartilaginous rings and fibromuscular membrane.
It extends from the lower border of cricoid cartilage (at C6 level) to lower border of T4 or upper border of T5 vertebra (T4-T5 disc space) where it bifurcates.
Its external diameter is about 2 cm in ma... | Anatomy | null |
9fc4737e-dcf3-494f-ab2f-7656da2f5a0f | Autopsy of lung of an old man shows that the bronchi are lined by stratified squamous epithelium. What is this change | Metaplasia | Dysplasia | Hyperplasia | Hypertrophy | 0a | single | null | Medicine | null |
3607051a-f54b-4f28-b274-657ac23afdc4 | How does hyperammonemia inhibit TCA cycle? | By depleting alpha ketoglutarate | By depleting oxaloacetate | By increasing concentration of alpha ketoglutarate | By increasing concentration of oxaloacetate. | 0a | single | Build up of cummonemia which occurs in urea cycle disorder or advanced liver disease, inhibits TCA cycle by depleting alpha ketoglutarate. | Biochemistry | null |
f9db1cc5-7776-474c-a460-7fe530c244ef | True regarding neoplasms of the ovary are:a) Stromal invasion is commonly present in ovarian tumours of borderline malignancyb) Lymphocytic infiltration is characteristic to dysgerminomac) Presence of ascites and pleural effusion in Brenner tumour indicates poor prognosisd) Endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary may coexi... | c | d | bd | ac | 2c | multi | null | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
6811467f-02fe-4237-b138-812a49c8544e | Genital ulcer is/are caused by – a) HPVb) HSVc) HIVd) Treponema pallidum | c | d | ab | bd | 3d | multi | null | Dental | null |
fd7fd408-f792-4af9-b1dc-d47cbd60bf77 | The most common cause of painful pericarditis is | Viral | Tuberculous | Uraemic | All of these | 0a | multi | The cause of pericarditis is believed to be most often due to a viral infection. Other causes include bacterial infections such as tuberculosis, uremic pericarditis, following a hea attack, cancer, autoimmune disorders, and chest trauma Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition | Physiology | G.I.T |
6977c03b-e61d-4987-b682-05272eadd984 | Most common site of ectopic salivary gland is? | Cheek | Palate | Angle of mandible | Tongue | 2c | single | Ans is 'c' i.e. Angle of mandible * An accessory salivary gland is ectopic salivary gland tissue with a salivary gland duct system. The most common location of accessory salivary gland tissue is an extra major salivary gland in front of the parotid gland.* Salivary gland heterotopia is where salivary gland acini cells ... | Pathology | Head & Neck |
4733182d-6f89-4adb-9b69-fd444a865865 | All of the following are reducing sugars except | Glucose | Lactose | Maltose | Sucrose | 3d | multi | null | Biochemistry | null |
011cb59e-80e7-48fe-aeba-65cc0fef4c7b | An eight-year-old boy had abdominal pain, fever with bloody diarrhea for 18 months. His height is 100 cm and weight is 14.5 kg. Stool culture was negative for known entero-pathogens. The sigmoidoscopy was normal. During the same period child had an episode of renal colic and passed urinary gravel. The Mantoux test was ... | Ulcerative colitis | Crohn's disease | Intestinal tuberculosis | Strongyloidiasis | 1b | single | The boy in question is obviously malnourished (Expected weight is 20-25 kg and expected height is 125-130 cm) A normal sigmoidoscopy rules out ulcerative colitis as it extends in a continuous fashion proximally from the rectum. A negative Mantoux test goes against active tuberculosis and a negative stool culture also r... | Pediatrics | Disorders of Gastrointestinal System Including Diarrhea |
50a57ec8-b2c2-4b56-a95c-e46e81b7754e | All are autosomal recessive EXCEPT: September 2004 | Sickle cell anemia | Phenylketonuria | Marfan's syndrome | Wilson's disease | 2c | multi | Ans. C i.e. Marfan's syndrome Marfan syndrome is a disorder of connective tissue, manifested principally by changes in the skeleton, eyes, and cardiovascular system. It is transmitted by autosomal dominant inheritance. | Pathology | null |
b68402ae-7fa5-4906-8fb4-b29892aedac0 | All the following drugs are used for Absence seizures except – | Clonazepam | Phenytoin | Valproate | Ethosuximide | 1b | multi | null | Pediatrics | null |
289f747d-3981-4aa2-baa2-07b6acabd6ef | Minimum thickness of calcium hydroxide required to protect near or actual pulp exposure is? | 2-3 mm | 0.5-1mm | 3-4mm | 5mm | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
fb4f5360-e332-4c05-8032-0131e2a53d1d | A 17-year-old girl with amenorrhea, atrophied breast, hypoplastic uterus : | Turner's syndrome | Gonadal dysgenesis | Androgen insensitivity syndrome | Klinefelter's syndrome | 0a | single | Turner's syndrome Phenotype is female Karyotype is 45,XO Sho stature,webbed neck underdeveloped uterus and vagina ovaries lack graffian follicles breasts are not developed,axillary and pubic hair is scanty or absent SHAW'S TEXTBOOK OF GYNAECOLOGY,pg no:111,115th edition | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Sexuality and intersexuality |
e4f1328b-a894-4abd-ab8a-c902d5eac926 | All are fibrinolytic, except - | Streptokinase | Urokinase | Alteplase | Epsilon amino caproic acid | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Epsilon amino caproic acid | Pharmacology | null |
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