question stringlengths 66 3.58k | answer stringlengths 1 230 | options dict | meta_info stringclasses 2
values | answer_idx stringclasses 4
values | metamap_phrases listlengths 1 184 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A 24-year-old woman presents with episodic shortness of breath, chest tightness, and wheezing. She has noticed an increased frequency of such episodes in the spring season. She also has a history of urticaria. She has smoked a half pack of cigarettes per day over the last 5 years. Her mother also has similar symptoms. ... | Decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) after methacholine | {
"A": "Increased oxygen saturation",
"B": "Chest X-ray showing hyperinflation",
"C": "Decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) after methacholine",
"D": "Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old woman presents",
"episodic shortness of breath",
"chest tightness",
"wheezing",
"increased frequency of",
"episodes",
"spring season",
"history of urticaria",
"smoked",
"half pack",
"cigarettes",
"day",
"years",
"mother",
"similar symptoms",
"physical exam",
"normal limits"... |
A 28-year-old woman presents with increased facial hair growth. She says she noticed a marked growth and darkening of hair on her face and feels embarrassed. Past medical history is significant for asthma, well-controlled by medication, and epilepsy diagnosed 6 months ago, managed with phenytoin. Her other medications ... | Phenytoin | {
"A": "Beclomethasone",
"B": "Albuterol",
"C": "Garlic supplement",
"D": "Phenytoin"
} | step1 | D | [
"year old woman presents",
"increased facial hair growth",
"marked growth",
"hair",
"face",
"feels embarrassed",
"Past medical history",
"significant",
"asthma",
"well controlled by medication",
"epilepsy diagnosed",
"months",
"managed",
"phenytoin",
"medications",
"albuterol",
"becl... |
A 14-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents for the evaluation of a skin rash for one day. The patient reports intense itching. He was born at 39 weeks' gestation and has a history of atopic dermatitis. He attends junior high school and went on a camping trip with his school the day before yesterday. H... | Presensitized T cells | {
"A": "IgG antibodies against hemidesmosomes",
"B": "Preformed IgE antibodies",
"C": "Immune complex formation",
"D": "Presensitized T cells"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old boy",
"brought",
"physician",
"parents",
"evaluation",
"skin",
"one day",
"patient reports intense itching",
"born",
"weeks",
"gestation",
"history",
"atopic dermatitis",
"attends junior high",
"camping trip",
"school",
"day",
"older brother",
"celiac disease",
"Exami... |
A 23-year-old G1P0 primigravid woman at 28 weeks estimated gestational age presents for a prenatal checkup. She says she has been having occasional headaches but is otherwise fine. The patient says she feels regular fetal movements and mild abdominal pain at times. Her past medical history is unremarkable. Current medi... | Magnesium sulfate | {
"A": "Diazepam",
"B": "Ethosuximide",
"C": "Magnesium sulfate",
"D": "Phenobarbital"
} | step1 | C | [
"23 year old",
"primigravid woman",
"weeks estimated gestational age presents",
"prenatal checkup",
"occasional headaches",
"fine",
"patient",
"feels regular fetal movements",
"mild abdominal",
"times",
"past medical history",
"unremarkable",
"Current medications",
"prenatal multivitamin",... |
A 55-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of gradually worsening pain and burning in his feet that is impairing his ability to sleep. He also has a non-healing, painless ulcer on the bottom of his right toe, which has been progressively increasing in size despite the application of bandages ... | Pregabalin | {
"A": "Oxycodone",
"B": "Ulcer debridement",
"C": "Injectable insulin",
"D": "Pregabalin"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"55 year old man",
"physician",
"2 month history",
"worsening pain",
"burning",
"feet",
"impairing",
"ability to sleep",
"non-healing",
"painless ulcer",
"bottom of",
"right toe",
"increasing in size",
"application of bandages",
"antiseptic creams at home",
"year history of type II dia... |
A father brings his 3-year-old son to the pediatrician because he is concerned about his health. He states that throughout his son's life he has had recurrent infections despite proper treatment and hygiene. Upon reviewing the patient's chart, the pediatrician notices that the child has been infected multiple times wit... | Negative nitroblue-tetrazolium test | {
"A": "Negative nitroblue-tetrazolium test",
"B": "Normal dihydrorhodamine (DHR) flow cytometry test",
"C": "Increased IgM, Decreased IgG, IgA, and IgE",
"D": "Increased IgE and IgA, Decreased IgM"
} | step1 | A | [
"father",
"3 year old son",
"pediatrician",
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"recurrent infections",
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"infected multiple times",
"Aspergillus",
"E",
"coli",
"following",
"confirm",
"... |
A researcher is currently working on developing new cholinergic receptor agonist drugs. He has formulated 2 new drugs: drug A, which is a selective muscarinic receptor agonist and has equal affinity for M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5 muscarinic receptors, and drug B, which is a selective nicotinic receptor agonist and has equa... | Drug B acts by stimulating a receptor which is composed of 5 subunits | {
"A": "Drug A acts by causing conformational changes in ligand-gated ion channels",
"B": "Drug A acts on receptors located at the neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscle",
"C": "Drug A acts by stimulating a receptor which is composed of 6 segments",
"D": "Drug B acts by stimulating a receptor which is compo... | step1 | D | [
"researcher",
"currently working",
"new cholinergic receptor agonist drugs",
"2 new drugs",
"drug",
"selective muscarinic receptor agonist",
"equal affinity",
"M1",
"M2",
"M3",
"M4",
"M5 muscarinic receptors",
"drug",
"selective nicotinic receptor agonist",
"equal affinity",
"NN",
"N... |
A researcher is studying whether a new knee implant is better than existing alternatives in terms of pain after knee replacement. She designs the study so that it includes all the surgeries performed at a certain hospital. Interestingly, she notices that patients who underwent surgeries on Mondays and Thursdays reporte... | Pygmalion effect | {
"A": "Golem effect",
"B": "Hawthorne effect",
"C": "Berkson bias",
"D": "Pygmalion effect"
} | step1 | D | [
"researcher",
"studying",
"new knee implant",
"better",
"alternatives in terms",
"pain",
"knee replacement",
"designs",
"study so",
"includes",
"surgeries performed",
"certain hospital",
"patients",
"surgeries",
"Mondays",
"Thursdays reported much outcomes",
"survey compared",
"sam... |
A 43-year-old woman presents to her physician’s office complaining of fatigue and light headedness for one month. She has regular periods but notes that they have become heavier in the last year. She endorses increased urination and feels that she has gained weight in her abdomen, but review of systems is otherwise neg... | Pelvic ultrasound | {
"A": "Pelvic ultrasound",
"B": "TSH",
"C": "Hysteroscopy",
"D": "von Willebrand factor antigen"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"year old woman presents",
"physicians office",
"fatigue",
"light headedness",
"one month",
"regular periods",
"notes",
"heavier",
"year",
"increased urination",
"feels",
"gained weight",
"abdomen",
"review of systems",
"negative",
"daycare teacher",
"first cousin",
"von Willebrand... |
A 48-year-old woman comes to the physician because of an increasingly painful swelling behind her right knee for the past 2 months. During this time, she has also had intermittent low-grade fever and she has been more fatigued than usual. She has not had any trauma to the knee. Over the past year, she has had occasiona... | Rheumatoid arthritis | {
"A": "Osteoarthritis",
"B": "Psoriatic arthritis",
"C": "Rheumatoid arthritis",
"D": "Systemic lupus erythematosus\n\""
} | step2&3 | C | [
"48 year old woman",
"physician",
"of",
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"right knee",
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"intermittent low-grade fever",
"more fatigued",
"usual",
"not",
"trauma",
"knee",
"past year",
"occasional pain",
"hands",
"wrists",
"hypertension",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus",
... |
Although nucleotide addition during DNA replication in prokaryotes proceeds approximately 20-times faster than in eukaryotes, why can much larger amounts of DNA be replicated in eukaryotes in a time-effective manner? | Eukaryotes have multiple origins of replication | {
"A": "Eukaryotes have less genetic material to transcribe",
"B": "Eukaryotes have fewer polymerase types",
"C": "Eukaryotes have helicase which can more easily unwind DNA strands",
"D": "Eukaryotes have multiple origins of replication"
} | step1 | D | [
"nucleotide addition",
"DNA replication",
"prokaryotes",
"approximately 20 times faster",
"eukaryotes",
"much larger amounts",
"DNA",
"replicated",
"eukaryotes",
"time effective"
] |
A 33-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician complaining of right jaw pain for the last 3 weeks. She first noticed it while eating a steak dinner but generally feels that it is worse in the morning. She describes the pain as deep and dull, with occasional radiation to the ear and back of her neck. She den... | Nighttime bite guard | {
"A": "Nighttime bite guard",
"B": "MRI of the brain",
"C": "Surgical intervention",
"D": "Electrocardiogram"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"year old woman presents",
"primary care physician",
"of right jaw pain",
"last",
"weeks",
"first",
"eating",
"dinner",
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"deep",
"dull",
"occasional radiation",
"ear",
"back of",
"neck",
"denies",
"incidents",
"jaw locking",
"patient",
... |
An autopsy is being performed on an elderly man who died from a myocardial infarction. Biopsy of the heart is likely to reveal necrosis most similar to necrosis seen in which of the following scenarios? | A region of kidney where blood flow is obstructed | {
"A": "The central nervous system following a stroke",
"B": "Acute pancreatitis resulting from release of enzymatically active enzymes into the pancreas",
"C": "A region of kidney where blood flow is obstructed",
"D": "An abscess"
} | step1 | C | [
"autopsy",
"performed",
"elderly man",
"died",
"myocardial infarction",
"Biopsy of",
"heart",
"likely to reveal necrosis most similar",
"necrosis seen",
"following scenarios"
] |
In a healthy patient with no renal abnormalities, several mechanisms are responsible for moving various filtered substances into and out of the tubules. Para-aminohippurate (PAH) is frequently used to estimate renal blood flow when maintained at low plasma concentrations. The following table illustrates the effect of c... | Saturation of PAH transport carriers | {
"A": "Saturation of PAH transport carriers",
"B": "Increased diffusion rate of PAH",
"C": "Decreased glomerular filtration of PAH",
"D": "Increased flow rate of tubular contents"
} | step1 | A | [
"healthy patient",
"renal abnormalities",
"several mechanisms",
"responsible",
"moving various filtered substances",
"out",
"Para-aminohippurate",
"frequently used to estimate renal blood flow",
"maintained",
"low plasma concentrations",
"following table",
"effect",
"changing plasma PAH conc... |
A husband returns from a three-month long business trip from Thailand, where he also engaged in extramarital affairs. He arrives back at home to find that his wife is distant and not as affectionate as she used to be. He then proceeds to argue with his wife stating that she must be cheating on him since she is so dista... | Projection | {
"A": "Passive aggression",
"B": "Rationalization",
"C": "Projection",
"D": "Reaction formation"
} | step1 | C | [
"husband returns",
"three month long business trip",
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"back",
"home to find",
"wife",
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"affectionate",
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"then",
"to",
"wife stating",
"cheating",
"so distant",
"following best",
"ego defense",
"husband"
] |
A 36-year-old G4P1021 woman comes to the emergency room complaining of intense abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. She is 9 weeks into her pregnancy and is very concerned as she experienced similar symptoms during her past pregnancy losses. Her pain is described as “stabbing, 10/10 pain that comes and goes.” When aske... | Leiomyomata uteri | {
"A": "Adenomyosis",
"B": "Chromosomal abnormality",
"C": "Leiomyomata uteri",
"D": "Polycystic ovarian syndrome"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"36 year old",
"woman",
"emergency room",
"intense abdominal pain",
"vaginal bleeding",
"weeks",
"pregnancy",
"very concerned",
"experienced similar symptoms",
"past pregnancy losses",
"pain",
"described",
"stabbing",
"10",
"pain",
"goes",
"vaginal bleeding",
"reports",
"clots in... |
A 67-year-old woman presents to the infectious disease clinic after her PPD was found to be positive. A subsequent chest radiography shows a cavity in the apex of the right upper lobe, along with significant hilar adenopathy. The patient is diagnosed with tuberculosis and is started on the standard four-drug treatment ... | Inhibition of RNA polymerase | {
"A": "Inhibition of RNA polymerase",
"B": "Inhibition of arabinosyltransferase",
"C": "Inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis",
"D": "Inhibition of squalene epoxidase"
} | step1 | A | [
"67 year old woman presents",
"infectious disease clinic",
"PPD",
"found to",
"positive",
"subsequent chest radiography shows",
"cavity",
"apex",
"right upper lobe",
"significant hilar adenopathy",
"patient",
"diagnosed",
"tuberculosis",
"started",
"standard four drug treatment regimen",... |
A 48-year-old woman presents with a sudden-onset severe headache that she describes as the worst in her life, followed by binocular horizontal diplopia and ptosis. Her past medical history is significant for hypertension. On admission, her vital signs include: blood pressure 130/70 mm Hg, heart rate 78/min, respiratory... | Posterior communicating artery (PCom) | {
"A": "Anterior communicating artery (ACom)",
"B": "Posterior communicating artery (PCom)",
"C": "Middle cerebral artery (MCA)",
"D": "Pericallosal artery"
} | step1 | B | [
"48 year old woman presents",
"sudden-onset severe headache",
"worst",
"life",
"followed by binocular horizontal",
"ptosis",
"past medical history",
"significant",
"hypertension",
"On admission",
"vital signs include",
"blood pressure",
"70 mm Hg",
"heart rate",
"min",
"respiratory rat... |
A 21-year-old Caucasian male presents to your office with wheezing and rhinitis. Laboratory results show peripheral eosinophilia and antibodies against neutrophil myeloperoxidase. What is the most likely diagnosis? | Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) | {
"A": "Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergellosis",
"B": "Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome)",
"C": "Paragoniums westermani infection",
"D": "Pancoast tumor"
} | step1 | B | [
"21-year-old Caucasian male presents",
"office",
"wheezing",
"rhinitis",
"Laboratory results show peripheral eosinophilia",
"antibodies",
"neutrophil",
"most likely diagnosis"
] |
A 7-year-old Caucasian girl with asthma presents to her pediatrician with recurrent sinusitis. The patient’s mother states that her asthma seems to be getting worse and notes that ‘lung problems run in the family’. The patient has had 2 episodes of pneumonia in the last year and continues to frequently have a cough. He... | A nasal transepithelial potential difference | {
"A": "A chest radiograph",
"B": "A nasal transepithelial potential difference",
"C": "A complete blood count",
"D": "A urinalysis"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old Caucasian girl",
"asthma presents",
"pediatrician",
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"notes",
"lung problems run in",
"family",
"patient",
"2 episodes of pneumonia",
"last year",
"continues to frequently",
"cough",
"mother",
... |
A 9-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents with a 2-day history of weakness and joint pain. He was adopted 3 weeks ago from an international adoption agency and this is his first week in the United States. He says that he has been healthy and that he had an episode of sore throat shortly bef... | Goodpasture syndrome | {
"A": "Asthma",
"B": "Contact dermatitis",
"C": "Goodpasture syndrome",
"D": "Osteogenesis imperfecta"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old boy",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"parents",
"2-day history",
"weakness",
"joint pain",
"adopted 3 weeks",
"international adoption agency",
"first week",
"United States",
"healthy",
"episode of sore throat",
"adoption",
"Physical exam reveals",
"ill appearing boy",
"... |
A 17-year-old female presents to your office expressing concern that despite experiencing monthly pelvic pain for the past few years, she has not yet started her menstrual cycle. She is not taking oral contraceptive therapy and has never been sexually active. On physical exam the patient is of normal stature with appro... | Failed canalization of external vaginal membrane | {
"A": "Failure in development of Mullerian duct",
"B": "Failed canalization of external vaginal membrane",
"C": "Androgen insensitivity",
"D": "Pituitary infarct"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old female presents",
"office",
"concern",
"experiencing monthly pelvic pain",
"past",
"years",
"not",
"started",
"menstrual cycle",
"not taking oral contraceptive therapy",
"never",
"sexually active",
"physical exam",
"patient",
"normal stature",
"appropriate breast development"... |
An investigator is studying the normal process of shrinking of the thymus gland with increasing age in humans. Thymic size is found to gradually start decreasing during puberty. Which of the following enzymes is most likely involved in the process underlying the decline in thymus mass with aging? | Caspase | {
"A": "Metalloproteinase",
"B": "Caspase",
"C": "NADPH oxidase",
"D": "Collagenase"
} | step1 | B | [
"investigator",
"studying",
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"shrinking",
"thymus gland",
"increasing age",
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"found to",
"start decreasing",
"puberty",
"following enzymes",
"most likely involved",
"process",
"thymus mass",
"aging"
] |
A 57-year-old man comes to the physician because of tiredness and dyspnea on exertion for several months. Recently, he has also noticed changes of his fingernails. A photograph of his nails is shown. Which of the following is the most likely underlying cause of these findings? | Iron deficiency anemia | {
"A": "Iron deficiency anemia",
"B": "Herpetic whitlow",
"C": "Dermatophyte infection",
"D": "Infectious endocarditis"
} | step1 | A | [
"57 year old man",
"physician",
"tiredness",
"dyspnea on exertion",
"several months",
"Recently",
"changes",
"fingernails",
"photograph",
"nails",
"shown",
"following",
"most likely underlying cause",
"findings"
] |
A 22-year-old female with a history of bipolar disease presents to the emergency room following an attempted suicide. She reports that she swallowed a bottle of pain reliever pills she found in the medicine cabinet five hours ago. She currently reports malaise, nausea, and anorexia. She has vomited several times. Her h... | N-acetylcysteine | {
"A": "Flumazenil",
"B": "Atropine",
"C": "Fomepizole",
"D": "N-acetylcysteine"
} | step1 | D | [
"year old female",
"history of bipolar disease presents",
"emergency room following",
"attempted suicide",
"reports",
"swallowed",
"bottle",
"pain reliever pills",
"found",
"medicine cabinet five hours",
"currently reports malaise",
"nausea",
"anorexia",
"vomited",
"times",
"history",
... |
A 54-year-old woman presents with acute pain in her left toe. She says she hasn’t been able to wear closed shoes for 2 weeks. Past medical history is significant for gastroesophageal reflux disease, diagnosed 2 years ago. The patient is afebrile and vital signs are within normal limits. Her BMI is 31 kg/m2. On physical... | Azathioprine | {
"A": "Cephalosporins",
"B": "Azathioprine",
"C": "α-Methyldopa",
"D": "Cisplatin"
} | step1 | B | [
"54 year old woman presents",
"acute pain",
"left toe",
"hasnt",
"able to",
"closed shoes",
"2 weeks",
"Past medical history",
"significant",
"gastroesophageal reflux disease",
"diagnosed 2 years",
"patient",
"afebrile",
"vital signs",
"normal limits",
"BMI",
"31 kg/m2",
"physical ... |
A 58-year-old man comes to the physician because of depressed mood for 6 months. He works as a store manager and cannot concentrate at work anymore. He experiences daytime sleepiness and fatigue because he repeatedly wakes up at night and has difficulties falling asleep again after 4 a.m. He reports no longer taking pl... | Delayed ejaculation | {
"A": "Delayed ejaculation",
"B": "Urinary retention",
"C": "Increased suicidality",
"D": "Priapism"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"58 year old man",
"physician",
"of depressed mood",
"months",
"works",
"store",
"concentrate",
"work",
"experiences daytime sleepiness",
"fatigue",
"repeatedly wakes up",
"night",
"difficulties falling asleep",
"m",
"reports",
"longer taking pleasure",
"activities",
"used",
"fis... |
A 76-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her daughter for evaluation of progressive cognitive decline and a 1-year history of incontinence. She was diagnosed with dementia, Alzheimer type, 5 years ago. The daughter has noticed that in the past 2 years, her mother has had increasing word-finding difficulties a... | Home hospice care | {
"A": "Prescribe oxycodone",
"B": "Home hospice care",
"C": "Evaluation for alternative methods of feeding",
"D": "Inpatient palliative care"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"76 year old woman",
"brought",
"physician",
"daughter",
"evaluation",
"progressive cognitive decline",
"year history",
"incontinence",
"diagnosed",
"dementia",
"type",
"5 years",
"daughter",
"past",
"years",
"mother",
"increasing word finding difficulties",
"forgetfulness",
"ind... |
A 5-year-old is brought into the emergency department for trouble breathing. He was at a family picnic playing when his symptoms began. The patient is currently struggling to breathe and has red, warm extremities. The patient has an unknown medical history and his only medications include herbs that his parents give hi... | Epinephrine | {
"A": "Albuterol",
"B": "Epinephrine",
"C": "Cricothyroidotomy",
"D": "Albuterol, ipratropium, and magnesium"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"5 year old",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"trouble breathing",
"family",
"playing",
"symptoms began",
"patient",
"currently",
"red",
"warm",
"patient",
"unknown medical history",
"only medications include herbs",
"parents give",
"temperature",
"99",
"pulse",
"min",
"bloo... |
A 19-year-old woman comes to the physician because of recent weight gain. She started a combined oral contraceptive for dysmenorrhea and acne six months ago. She has been taking the medication consistently and experiences withdrawal bleeding on the 4th week of each pill pack. Her acne and dysmenorrhea have improved sig... | Reassure the patient | {
"A": "Reassure the patient",
"B": "Measure serum TSH level",
"C": "Perform a low-dose dexamethasone suppression test",
"D": "Switch contraceptive to a non-hormonal contraceptive method"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"year old woman",
"physician",
"recent weight gain",
"started",
"combined oral contraceptive",
"dysmenorrhea",
"acne six months",
"taking",
"medication",
"experiences withdrawal bleeding on the 4th week",
"pill pack",
"acne",
"dysmenorrhea",
"improved",
"patient increased",
"daily exer... |
A 25-year-old man presents to the emergency department for severe abdominal pain. The patient states that for the past week he has felt fatigued and had a fever. He states that he has had crampy lower abdominal pain and has experienced several bouts of diarrhea. The patient states that his pain is somewhat relieved by ... | Transmural granulomas in the bowel | {
"A": "Bowel wall spasticity",
"B": "p-ANCA positive autoimmune bowel disease",
"C": "Rectal mucosa outpouching",
"D": "Transmural granulomas in the bowel"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"severe abdominal",
"patient states",
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"states",
"crampy lower abdominal pain",
"bouts",
"diarrhea",
"patient states",
"pain",
"somewhat relieved by defecation",
"patient returned",
"camping trip 2 w... |
A 72-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a 1 hour history of bruising and bleeding. He says that he fell and scraped his knee on the ground. Since then, he has been unable to stop the bleeding and has developed extensive bruising around the area. He has a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease, h... | Oxidation | {
"A": "Acetylation",
"B": "Filtration",
"C": "Glucuronidation",
"D": "Oxidation"
} | step1 | D | [
"72 year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"hour history",
"bruising",
"bleeding",
"fell",
"scraped",
"knee",
"then",
"unable to stop",
"bleeding",
"extensive bruising",
"area",
"history of gastroesophageal reflux disease",
"hypertension",
"atrial fibrillation",
"taking",
... |
A 27-year-old woman who recently emigrated from Brazil comes to the physician because of fever, fatigue, decreased appetite, and mild abdominal discomfort. She has not seen a physician in several years and her immunization status is unknown. She drinks 2 alcoholic beverages on the weekends and does not use illicit drug... | Reverse transcription of viral RNA to DNA | {
"A": "Bacterial translation of viral DNA",
"B": "Transcription of viral DNA to RNA in the cytoplasm",
"C": "Reverse transcription of viral RNA to DNA",
"D": "Adhesion of virus to host ICAM-1 receptor"
} | step1 | C | [
"27 year old woman",
"recently",
"Brazil",
"physician",
"fever",
"fatigue",
"decreased appetite",
"mild abdominal discomfort",
"not seen",
"physician",
"years",
"immunization status",
"unknown",
"drinks 2 alcoholic beverages",
"weekends",
"not use illicit drugs",
"sexually active",
... |
A 3175-g (7-lb) female newborn is delivered at term. Initial examination shows a distended abdomen and a flat perineal region without an opening. A dark green discharge is coming out of the vulva. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? | Imperforate anus | {
"A": "Meconium ileus",
"B": "Hirschsprung disease",
"C": "Imperforate anus",
"D": "Colonic atresia"
} | step1 | C | [
"g",
"female newborn",
"delivered",
"term",
"Initial examination shows",
"distended abdomen",
"flat perineal region",
"opening",
"dark green discharge",
"out",
"vulva",
"following",
"most likely diagnosis"
] |
A 20-year-old woman visits the clinic for her annual physical examination. She does not have any complaints during this visit. The past medical history is insignificant. She follows a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet and moderate exercise schedule. She does not smoke or drink alcohol. She does not take any medica... | No treatment is necessary | {
"A": "Start IV fluids to keep her hydrated",
"B": "No treatment is necessary",
"C": "Start her on pamidronate",
"D": "Give glucocorticoids"
} | step1 | B | [
"20 year old woman visits",
"clinic",
"annual physical examination",
"not",
"complaints",
"visit",
"past medical history",
"follows",
"healthy lifestyle",
"balanced diet",
"moderate exercise schedule",
"not smoke",
"drink alcohol",
"not take",
"medications currently",
"family history",... |
A 9-month-old girl is brought to the physician by her parents for multiple episodes of unresponsiveness in which she stares blankly and her eyelids flutter. She has gradually lost control of her neck and ability to roll over during the past 2 months. She is startled by loud noises and does not maintain eye contact. Her... | GM2 ganglioside | {
"A": "Glucocerebroside",
"B": "Galactocerebroside",
"C": "Ceramide trihexoside",
"D": "GM2 ganglioside"
} | step1 | D | [
"month old girl",
"brought",
"physician",
"parents",
"multiple episodes of unresponsiveness",
"stares",
"eyelids flutter",
"lost control",
"neck",
"ability to roll over",
"past",
"months",
"loud noises",
"not maintain eye contact",
"parents",
"Ashkenazi Jewish descent",
"Neurological... |
A 74-year-old man is brought to the physician by his wife for progressively worsening confusion and forgetfulness. Vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows a flat affect and impaired short-term memory. An MRI of the brain is shown. Further evaluation of this patient is most likely to show which ... | Broad-based gait | {
"A": "Broad-based gait",
"B": "Postural instability",
"C": "Pill-rolling tremor",
"D": "Choreiform movements"
} | step1 | A | [
"74 year old man",
"brought",
"physician",
"wife",
"worsening confusion",
"forgetfulness",
"Vital signs",
"normal",
"Physical examination shows",
"flat affect",
"impaired short-term memory",
"MRI of",
"brain",
"shown",
"Further evaluation",
"patient",
"most likely to show",
"follow... |
A 62-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus is brought to the emergency department by her husband because of fever, chills, and purulent drainage from a foot ulcer for 2 days. Her hemoglobin A1c was 15.4% 16 weeks ago. Physical examination shows a 2-cm ulcer on the plantar surface of the left foot with foul-smell... | Colon | {
"A": "Skin",
"B": "Vagina",
"C": "Oropharynx",
"D": "Colon"
} | step1 | D | [
"62 year old woman",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"husband",
"fever",
"chills",
"purulent drainage",
"foot ulcer",
"2 days",
"hemoglobin A1c",
"15.4",
"weeks",
"Physical examination shows",
"2",
"ulcer",
"plantar",
"left foot",
"smelling",
"pur... |
A 1-year-old boy is brought to the emergency room by his parents because of inconsolable crying and diarrhea for the past 6 hours. As the physician is concerned about acute appendicitis, she consults the literature base. She finds a paper with a table that summarizes data regarding the diagnostic accuracy of multiple c... | Fever | {
"A": "Guarding",
"B": "Fever",
"C": "Rebound",
"D": "Vomiting"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old boy",
"brought",
"emergency room",
"parents",
"inconsolable crying",
"diarrhea",
"past 6 hours",
"physician",
"concerned",
"acute appendicitis",
"consults",
"literature base",
"finds",
"paper",
"table",
"data",
"diagnostic accuracy",
"multiple clinical findings",
"appen... |
An investigator is studying the effect of different cytokines on the growth and differentiation of B cells. The investigator isolates a population of B cells from the germinal center of a lymph node. After exposure to a particular cytokine, these B cells begin to produce an antibody that prevents attachment of pathogen... | Interleukin-5 | {
"A": "Interleukin-5",
"B": "Interleukin-4",
"C": "Interleukin-6",
"D": "Interleukin-8"
} | step1 | A | [
"investigator",
"studying",
"effect",
"different cytokines",
"growth",
"differentiation",
"B cells",
"investigator isolates",
"population",
"B cells",
"germinal center of",
"lymph node",
"exposure to",
"cytokine",
"B cells begin to",
"antibody",
"prevents attachment",
"pathogens",
... |
A 20-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 6 hours after the onset of colicky lower abdominal pain that has been progressively worsening. The pain is associated with nausea and vomiting. She has stable inflammatory bowel disease treated with 5-aminosalicylic acid. She is sexually active with her boyfrie... | Serum β-hCG concentration | {
"A": "Urine culture",
"B": "Transvaginal ultrasound",
"C": "CT scan of the abdomen",
"D": "Serum β-hCG concentration"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"20 year old woman",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"hours",
"onset",
"colicky lower abdominal pain",
"worsening",
"pain",
"associated with nausea",
"vomiting",
"stable inflammatory bowel disease treated with",
"aminosalicylic acid",
"sexually active",
"boyfriend",
"use condoms",
"... |
A 27-year-old male arrives to your walk-in clinic complaining of neck pain. He reports that the discomfort began two hours ago, and now he feels like he can’t move his neck. He also thinks he is having hot flashes, but he denies dyspnea or trouble swallowing. The patient’s temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood pressure i... | Diphenhydramine | {
"A": "Change medication to clozapine",
"B": "Dantrolene",
"C": "Diphenhydramine",
"D": "Propranolol"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"27 year old male",
"walk-in clinic",
"of neck pain",
"reports",
"discomfort began two hours",
"now",
"feels",
"cant move",
"neck",
"thinks",
"hot flashes",
"denies dyspnea",
"swallowing",
"patients temperature",
"blood pressure",
"76 mmHg",
"pulse",
"min",
"respirations",
"min... |
An 18-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with a complaint of severe abdominal pain for the past 6 hours. She is anorexic and nauseous and has vomited twice since last night. She also states that her pain initially began in the epigastric region, then migrated to the right iliac fossa. Her vital signs i... | Bradykinin and prostaglandin | {
"A": "Bradykinin and prostaglandin",
"B": "Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1",
"C": "IgG and complement C3b",
"D": "5- hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HPETE) and leukotriene A4"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old woman presents",
"emergency department",
"complaint",
"severe abdominal",
"past",
"hours",
"anorexic",
"nauseous",
"vomited twice",
"night",
"states",
"pain initially began",
"epigastric region",
"then migrated",
"right iliac fossa",
"vital signs include",
"respiratory rate... |
A 26-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her husband due to her disturbing behavior over the past 24 hours. Her husband says that he has noticed his wife talking to herself and staying in a corner of a room throughout the day without eating or drinking anything. She gave birth to their son 2 weeks ... | Postpartum psychosis | {
"A": "Major depressive disorder",
"B": "Postpartum blues",
"C": "Schizoaffective disorder",
"D": "Postpartum psychosis"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old woman",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"husband due to",
"behavior",
"past 24 hours",
"husband",
"wife talking",
"corner",
"room",
"day",
"eating",
"drinking",
"gave birth",
"son 2 weeks",
"not seen",
"presence ever",
"born",
"think much",
"pregnancy",
"consider... |
A 60-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of nausea over the past week. During this period, he has also had several episodes of non-bloody vomiting. Last month, he was diagnosed with stage II Hodgkin lymphoma and was started on adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine. His temperature is 37... | 5-HT3 antagonist | {
"A": "Cannabinoid receptor agonist",
"B": "H1 antagonist",
"C": "D2 antagonist",
"D": "5-HT3 antagonist"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"60 year old man",
"physician",
"evaluation",
"nausea",
"past week",
"period",
"several episodes of non bloody vomiting",
"month",
"diagnosed",
"stage II Hodgkin lymphoma",
"started",
"adriamycin",
"bleomycin",
"vinblastine",
"dacarbazine",
"temperature",
"98",
"pulse",
"95 min",... |
A 24-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by friends because of an episode of jerking movements of the whole body that lasted for one minute. She reports a 2-week history of fever, headache, and altered sensorium. Her fever ranges from 38.3°C (101.0°F) to 38.9°C (102.0°F). Her past medical history is s... | Streptococcus viridans | {
"A": "Actinomyces israelii",
"B": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa",
"C": "Staphylococcus aureus",
"D": "Streptococcus viridans"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old woman",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"friends",
"of",
"episode",
"jerking movements",
"whole body",
"lasted",
"one minute",
"reports",
"2-week history",
"fever",
"headache",
"altered sensorium",
"fever ranges",
"3C",
"past medical history",
"significant",
"tooth... |
Four hours after undergoing an abdominal hysterectomy, a 43-year-old woman is evaluated in the post-anesthesia care unit because she has only had a urine output of 5 mL of blue-tinged urine since surgery. The operation went smoothly and ureter patency was checked via retrograde injection of methylene blue dye mixed wit... | Check the Foley catheter | {
"A": "Administer bolus 500 mL of Lactated Ringers",
"B": "Check the Foley catheter",
"C": "Administer 20 mg of IV furosemide",
"D": "Return to the operating room for emergency surgery"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"Four hours",
"abdominal hysterectomy",
"year old woman",
"evaluated",
"post-anesthesia care unit",
"only",
"urine",
"mL",
"blue tinged",
"surgery",
"operation",
"ureter patency",
"checked",
"retrograde injection",
"methylene blue dye mixed",
"saline",
"Foley catheter",
"received 2... |
A 3-month-old African American boy presents to his pediatrician’s office for his routine well visit. He was born full-term from an uncomplicated vaginal delivery. He is exclusively breastfeeding and not receiving any medications or supplements. Today, his parents report no issues or concerns with their child. He is lif... | He should start vitamin D supplementation. | {
"A": "He needs a 3rd hepatitis B vaccine.",
"B": "He should start vitamin D supplementation.",
"C": "He should have his serum lead level checked to screen for lead intoxication.",
"D": "He should be sleeping more."
} | step2&3 | B | [
"3 month old African American boy presents",
"pediatricians office",
"routine well visit",
"born full-term",
"uncomplicated vaginal",
"breastfeeding",
"not receiving",
"medications",
"supplements",
"Today",
"parents report",
"issues",
"concerns",
"child",
"lifting",
"head",
"brief pe... |
A 53-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with severe chest pain radiating to the back. She was diagnosed with acute aortic dissection. A few hours into the resuscitation, she was having oliguria. Laboratory findings show a serum creatinine level of 5.3 mg/dL. Which of the following casts are most likely to be... | Muddy brown casts | {
"A": "Muddy brown casts",
"B": "Tamm-Horsfall casts",
"C": "Waxy casts",
"D": "Fatty casts"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old woman presents",
"emergency room",
"severe chest pain radiating to",
"back",
"diagnosed",
"acute aortic dissection",
"few hours",
"resuscitation",
"oliguria",
"Laboratory findings show",
"serum creatinine level",
"mg/dL",
"following casts",
"most likely",
"seen",
"urinalysis"... |
A 20-year-old man comes to the physician because of recurrent episodes of shortness of breath and a nonproductive cough for the past 4 months. He has two episodes per week, which resolve spontaneously with rest. Twice a month, he wakes up at night with shortness of breath. His pulse is 73/min, respirations are 13/min, ... | Budesonide and formoterol inhaler | {
"A": "Budesonide and formoterol inhaler",
"B": "Fluticasone inhaler",
"C": "Oral montelukast sodium",
"D": "Mometasone inhaler and oral zafirlukast"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"20 year old man",
"physician",
"of recurrent episodes",
"shortness",
"breath",
"nonproductive cough",
"past",
"months",
"two episodes",
"week",
"resolve",
"rest",
"Twice",
"month",
"wakes up at night",
"shortness of breath",
"pulse",
"min",
"respirations",
"min",
"blood pres... |
A 72-year-old nursing home resident is complaining of pruritis. She is noted to have multiple, tense blisters on her trunk as well as the flexor surfaces of her extremities. The blisters have an erythematous base. You are unable to extend the blisters when you apply lateral traction. You suspect an autoimmune bullous d... | Antibodies to hemidesmosomes | {
"A": "Antibodies to hemidesmosomes",
"B": "Antibodies to desmosomes",
"C": "Antibodies to epidural transglutaminase",
"D": "Epidermal necrolysis"
} | step1 | A | [
"72 year old nursing home resident",
"pruritis",
"noted to",
"multiple",
"tense blisters",
"trunk",
"flexor surfaces",
"extremities",
"blisters",
"erythematous base",
"unable to extend",
"blisters",
"apply lateral traction",
"suspect",
"autoimmune bullous dermatosis",
"following",
"c... |
A 28-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of a recurrent pruritic rash on his face and scalp. He reports that he has been using a new shaving cream once a week for the past 5 months. A year ago, he was diagnosed with HIV and is currently receiving triple antiretroviral therapy. He drinks sev... | Seborrheic dermatitis | {
"A": "Allergic contact dermatitis",
"B": "Pellagra",
"C": "Pityriasis versicolor",
"D": "Seborrheic dermatitis"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old man",
"physician",
"3 month history",
"recurrent pruritic rash",
"face",
"scalp",
"reports",
"using",
"new shaving cream",
"week",
"past",
"months",
"year",
"diagnosed",
"HIV",
"currently receiving triple antiretroviral therapy",
"drinks several six-packs",
"beer weekly",... |
A 63-year-old African American man presents to the physician for a follow-up examination. He has a history of chronic hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. He has no history of coronary artery disease. His medications include aspirin, hydrochlorothiazide, losartan, and metformin. He exercises every day and follows... | Atorvastatin | {
"A": "Atorvastatin",
"B": "Fenofibrate",
"C": "Liraglutide",
"D": "Metoprolol"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"63 year old African American man presents",
"physician",
"follow-up examination",
"history of chronic hypertension",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"history of coronary artery disease",
"medications include aspirin",
"hydrochlorothiazide",
"losartan",
"metformin",
"exercises",
"day",
"follows"... |
A 45-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of a 1-day history of malaise and abdominal pain. Six weeks ago, he had vomiting and watery diarrhea for 2 days that resolved without treatment. Twelve weeks ago, he underwent orthotopic liver transplantation for alcoholic cirrhosis. At the time of discha... | Ultrasound of the liver | {
"A": "CT scan of the abdomen with contrast",
"B": "Viral loads",
"C": "Esophagogastroduodenoscopy",
"D": "Ultrasound of the liver"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old man",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"1-day history",
"malaise",
"abdominal pain",
"Six weeks",
"vomiting",
"watery diarrhea",
"2 days",
"resolved",
"treatment",
"Twelve weeks",
"orthotopic liver transplantation",
"alcoholic cirrhosis",
"time",
"discharge",
"total bil... |
A 45-year-old woman presents to a physician with repeated episodes of vertigo for the last 6 months. The episodes usually last for 20–30 minutes, but 2 episodes persisted for more than an hour. The episodes are often associated with severe nausea and vomiting. She has experienced falls after losing her balance during t... | Oral hydrochlorothiazide | {
"A": "Oral diazepam",
"B": "Oral ephedrine",
"C": "Oral hydrochlorothiazide",
"D": "Intramuscular dexamethasone"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old woman presents",
"physician",
"repeated episodes of vertigo",
"last",
"months",
"episodes usually last",
"minutes",
"2 episodes",
"hour",
"episodes",
"often associated with severe nausea",
"vomiting",
"falls",
"balance",
"episodes",
"3 occasions",
"never lost consciousness"... |
Please refer to the summary above to answer this question
This patient is at greatest risk of damage to which of the following cardiovascular structures?"
"Patient Information
Age: 44 years
Gender: M, self-identified
Ethnicity: Caucasian
Site of Care: office
History
Reason for Visit/Chief Concern: “I am thirsty all the... | Pulmonary valve | {
"A": "Pulmonary valve",
"B": "Cardiac septum",
"C": "Cardiac conduction system",
"D": "Temporal artery"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"refer",
"summary above to answer",
"question",
"patient",
"greatest risk",
"damage",
"following cardiovascular structures",
"Patient Age",
"years Gender",
"M",
"self identified Ethnicity",
"Caucasian Site of Care",
"office History Reason for Visit",
"Concern",
"I",
"thirsty",
"time"... |
A 68-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. Three months ago, she underwent heart transplantation for restrictive cardiomyopathy and was started on transplant rejection prophylaxis. Her pulse is 76/min and blood pressure is 148/82 mm Hg. Physical examination shows enlargement of the gum tiss... | Cyclosporine | {
"A": "Prednisolone",
"B": "Tacrolimus",
"C": "Cyclosporine",
"D": "Mycophenolate mofetil"
} | step1 | C | [
"68 year old woman",
"physician",
"follow-up examination",
"Three months",
"heart transplantation",
"restrictive cardiomyopathy",
"started",
"transplant rejection prophylaxis",
"pulse",
"76 min",
"blood pressure",
"mm Hg",
"Physical examination shows enlargement",
"gum tissue",
"well hea... |
A 27-year-old man presents to the family medicine clinic for a routine check-up. The patient recently accepted a new job at a childcare center and the employer is requesting his vaccination history. After checking the records from the patient’s childhood, the physician realizes that the patient never had the varicella ... | Serology then administer the vaccine (2 doses) | {
"A": "Serology then administer the vaccine (2 doses)",
"B": "Serology then administer the vaccine (1 dose)",
"C": "Two doses of vaccine",
"D": "Wait until patient turns 50"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"27 year old man presents",
"family medicine clinic",
"routine check-up",
"patient recently accepted",
"new job",
"childcare center",
"employer",
"requesting",
"vaccination history",
"checking",
"records",
"patients childhood",
"physician",
"patient never",
"varicella vaccine",
"patien... |
A 33-year-old Hispanic woman who recently immigrated to the United States with her newborn daughter is presenting to a free clinic for a wellness checkup for her baby. As part of screening for those immigrating or seeking refuge in the United States, she and her child are both evaluated for tuberculosis. The child’s pu... | “You may breastfeed your baby because you are asymptomatic and because neither isoniazid nor pyridoxine will harm your child.” | {
"A": "“You should not breastfeed your baby because she is at greater risk for infection with TB than for adverse side effects of your treatment regimen.”",
"B": "“You should not breastfeed your baby for the next 9 months because pyridoxine in breast milk can damage your child’s liver.”",
"C": "“You may breastfe... | step2&3 | D | [
"year old Hispanic woman",
"recently",
"United States",
"newborn daughter",
"presenting",
"free clinic",
"wellness checkup",
"baby",
"part of screening",
"United States",
"child",
"evaluated",
"tuberculosis",
"childs purified protein derivative",
"test",
"chest radiograph",
"negative... |
Please refer to the summary above to answer this question
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?"
"Patient information
Age: 61 years
Gender: F, self-identified
Ethnicity: unspecified
Site of care: emergency department
History
Reason for Visit/Chief Concern: “My belly really hurts.”
History of Present Illn... | Diverticulitis | {
"A": "Crohn disease",
"B": "Cholecystitis",
"C": "Irritable bowel syndrome",
"D": "Diverticulitis"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"refer",
"summary above to answer",
"question",
"following",
"most likely diagnosis",
"Patient Age",
"61 years Gender",
"F",
"self identified Ethnicity",
"unspecified Site of care",
"emergency department History Reason for Visit",
"Concern",
"belly",
"History of Present Illness",
"abdomi... |
A 34-year-old woman comes to the fertility clinic with her husband for infertility treatment. The couple has been having unprotected intercourse for the past 2 years without any pregnancies. This is their first time seeking fertility treatment. The patient’s past medical history includes asthma. She denies any menstrua... | Deletion of Phe508 in husband | {
"A": "Deletion of Phe508 in husband",
"B": "Undescended testes in husband",
"C": "XO chromosome in wife",
"D": "XXY chromosome in husband"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old woman",
"fertility clinic",
"husband for infertility treatment",
"couple",
"unprotected intercourse",
"past",
"years",
"pregnancies",
"first time",
"fertility treatment",
"patients past medical history includes asthma",
"denies",
"menstrual irregularities",
"menstrual pain",
"a... |
A 20-year-old male is brought by ambulance to the emergency room in extremis. He is minimally conscious, hypotensive, and tachypneic, and his breath gives off a "fruity" odor. An arterial blood gas and metabolic panel show anion gap metabolic acidosis. This patient is most likely deficient in which of the following met... | Cellular uptake of glucose | {
"A": "Formation of ketone bodies",
"B": "Glucose production",
"C": "Cortisol secretion",
"D": "Cellular uptake of glucose"
} | step1 | D | [
"20 year old male",
"brought",
"ambulance",
"emergency room",
"minimally conscious",
"hypotensive",
"tachypneic",
"breath gives",
"fruity",
"odor",
"arterial blood gas",
"metabolic panel show anion gap metabolic acidosis",
"patient",
"most likely deficient",
"following metabolic actions"... |
A 38-year-old woman presents to a physician’s office for progressive weakness and pallor during the last few weeks. She also complains of shortness of breath during her yoga class. She denies fevers, cough, rhinorrhea, or changes in appetite or bowel and bladder habits. She is generally healthy except for an occasional... | Prolonged bleeding time | {
"A": "Decreased platelet count",
"B": "Elevated D-dimer",
"C": "Prolonged prothrombin time (PT)",
"D": "Prolonged bleeding time"
} | step1 | D | [
"year old woman presents",
"physicians office",
"progressive weakness",
"pallor",
"weeks",
"of shortness",
"breath",
"yoga class",
"denies fevers",
"cough",
"rhinorrhea",
"changes in appetite",
"bowel",
"bladder habits",
"healthy",
"occasional migraine",
"relieved by acetaminophen",
... |
A 35-year-old male has been arrested on suspicion of arson. He has a history of criminal activity, having been jailed several times for assault and robbery. When asked why he burned down his ex-girlfriend's apartment, he just smiled. Which of the following would the male most likely have exhibited during childhood? | Bed-wetting | {
"A": "Bed-wetting",
"B": "Odd beliefs",
"C": "Fear of abandonment",
"D": "Perfectionist"
} | step1 | A | [
"35 year old male",
"arrested",
"suspicion",
"arson",
"history",
"criminal activity",
"jailed several times",
"assault",
"robbery",
"burned",
"girlfriend's apartment",
"smiled",
"following",
"male",
"likely",
"exhibited",
"childhood"
] |
A 54-year-old woman comes to the physician because she has not had her menstrual period for the last 5 months. Menarche occurred at the age of 11 years, and menses occurred at regular 28-day intervals until they became irregular at 30- to 45-day intervals with light flow 2 years ago. She does not have vaginal dryness o... | Obesity | {
"A": "Breastfeeding",
"B": "Obesity",
"C": "Smoking",
"D": "Multiparity"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"54 year old woman",
"physician",
"not",
"menstrual period",
"months",
"Menarche occurred",
"age",
"years",
"menses occurred",
"regular",
"day intervals",
"irregular",
"30",
"day intervals",
"light flow 2 years",
"not",
"vaginal dryness",
"decreased libido",
"four successful preg... |
Three weeks after starting a new medication for hyperlipidemia, a 54-year-old man comes to the physician because of pain and swelling in his left great toe. Examination shows swelling and erythema over the metatarsophalangeal joint of the toe. Analysis of fluid from the affected joint shows needle-shaped, negatively-bi... | Inhibition of hepatic VLDL synthesis | {
"A": "Inhibition of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase",
"B": "Inhibition of intestinal bile acid absorption",
"C": "Inhibition of hepatic VLDL synthesis",
"D": "Inhibition of intestinal cholesterol absorption"
} | step1 | C | [
"Three weeks",
"starting",
"new medication",
"hyperlipidemia",
"54 year old man",
"physician",
"pain",
"swelling",
"left great toe",
"Examination shows swelling",
"erythema",
"joint of",
"toe",
"Analysis",
"fluid",
"affected joint shows needle-shaped",
"birefringent crystals",
"fol... |
A researcher is studying the circulating factors that are released when immune cells are exposed to antigens. Specifically, she is studying a population of CD2+ cells that have been activated acutely. In order to determine which factors are secreted by these cells, she cultures the cells in media and collects the used ... | Interleukin-2 | {
"A": "Interleukin-1",
"B": "Interleukin-2",
"C": "Interleukin-4",
"D": "Interleukin-5"
} | step1 | B | [
"researcher",
"studying",
"circulating factors",
"released",
"immune cells",
"exposed",
"antigens",
"studying",
"population",
"CD2",
"cells",
"activated",
"order to",
"factors",
"secreted",
"cells",
"cultures",
"cells",
"media",
"collects",
"used media",
"plates",
"severa... |
A 63-year-old man comes to the physician because of shortness of breath and swollen extremities for 2 weeks. He has had excessive night sweats and a 4-kg (8.8-lb) weight loss over the last 8 weeks. He had an anterior myocardial infarction 3 years ago. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. He immigrated from... | Tuberculosis | {
"A": "Viral myocarditis",
"B": "Tuberculosis",
"C": "Amyloidosis",
"D": "Asbestos"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"63 year old man",
"physician",
"of shortness",
"breath",
"swollen extremities",
"2 weeks",
"excessive night sweats",
"4 kg",
"8.8",
"weight loss",
"weeks",
"anterior myocardial infarction",
"years",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"hypertension",
"Indonesia",
"months",
"works",
"smo... |
A 42-year-old man with non-small cell lung cancer is enrolled in a clinical trial for a new chemotherapeutic drug. The drug prevents microtubule depolymerization by binding to the beta subunit of tubulin. The mechanism of action of this new drug is most similar to which of the following? | Paclitaxel | {
"A": "Cladribine",
"B": "Paclitaxel",
"C": "Irinotecan",
"D": "Bleomycin"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old man",
"non-small cell lung cancer",
"enrolled",
"clinical trial",
"new chemotherapeutic",
"drug prevents microtubule",
"binding",
"beta",
"tubulin",
"mechanism of action",
"new drug",
"most similar"
] |
A 29-year-old female presents to her gynecologist complaining of a painful rash around her genitals. She has multiple sexual partners and uses condoms intermittently. Her last STD screen one year ago was negative. On examination, she has bilateral erosive vesicles on her labia majora and painful inguinal lymphadenopath... | Renal failure | {
"A": "Gingival hyperplasia",
"B": "Pulmonary fibrosis",
"C": "Renal failure",
"D": "Photosensitivity"
} | step1 | C | [
"29 year old female presents",
"gynecologist complaining of a painful rash",
"genitals",
"multiple sexual partners",
"uses condoms",
"last",
"screen one year",
"negative",
"examination",
"bilateral erosive vesicles",
"labia majora",
"painful inguinal lymphadenopathy",
"started",
"oral medi... |
A 72-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of intermittent dull abdominal pain that radiates to the back. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 50 years. His blood pressure is 145/80 mm Hg. Abdominal examination shows generalized tenderness and a pulsatile mass in the periumbilical r... | Accumulation of foam cells in the tunica intima | {
"A": "Accumulation of foam cells in the tunica intima",
"B": "Obliterative inflammation of the vasa vasorum",
"C": "Necrotizing inflammation of the entire vessel wall",
"D": "Fragmentation of elastic tissue in the tunica media"
} | step1 | A | [
"72 year old man",
"physician",
"month history",
"intermittent dull abdominal pain",
"radiates",
"back",
"smoked one pack",
"cigarettes daily",
"50 years",
"blood pressure",
"80 mm Hg",
"Abdominal examination shows generalized tenderness",
"pulsatile mass",
"periumbilical region",
"deep ... |
A 31-year-old man with untreated HIV infection is admitted to the hospital because of a 3-day history of blurred vision and flashing lights in his left eye. Indirect ophthalmoscopy shows retinal hemorrhages of the left eye. Treatment with a drug that directly inhibits viral DNA polymerases by binding to pyrophosphate-b... | Hypocalcemia | {
"A": "Demyelination",
"B": "Hypocalcemia",
"C": "Hypoglycemia",
"D": "Lactic acidosis"
} | step1 | B | [
"31 year old man",
"untreated HIV infection",
"admitted",
"hospital",
"3-day history",
"blurred vision",
"flashing lights",
"left eye",
"Indirect ophthalmoscopy shows retinal hemorrhages of the left eye",
"Treatment",
"drug",
"directly inhibits viral DNA polymerases",
"binding",
"pyrophosp... |
A 62-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with fatigue, dry cough, and shortness of breath for 3 days. He reports a slight fever and has also had 3 episodes of watery diarrhea earlier that morning. Last week, he attended a business meeting at a hotel and notes some of his coworkers have also become sick.... | Urine antigen assay | {
"A": "Stool culture",
"B": "Polymerase chain reaction",
"C": "CT Chest",
"D": "Urine antigen assay"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"62 year old man",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"fatigue",
"dry cough",
"shortness of breath",
"3 days",
"reports",
"slight fever",
"3 episodes of watery diarrhea earlier",
"morning",
"Last week",
"attended",
"business meeting",
"hotel",
"notes",
"coworkers",
"sick",
"histo... |
A 65-year-old African American man presents for follow-up examination with a 6-month history of urinary hesitancy, weak stream, and terminal dribbling, which is refractory to a combination therapy of finasteride and tamsulosin. The patient’s past medical history is otherwise unremarkable. His father and brother were di... | Image-guided needle biopsy | {
"A": "4Kscore test",
"B": "Image-guided needle biopsy",
"C": "Prostate Health Index (PHI)",
"D": "PSA in 3 months"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"65 year old African American man presents",
"follow-up examination",
"month history",
"urinary hesitancy",
"weak stream",
"terminal dribbling",
"refractory",
"combination therapy",
"finasteride",
"tamsulosin",
"patients past medical history",
"unremarkable",
"father",
"brother",
"diagno... |
A 7-year-old boy presents with right hip pain for the past 2 days. He reports gradual onset of pain and states it hurts to walk. He had a recent cold last week but is otherwise healthy. His temperature is 98.2°F (36.8°C), blood pressure is 107/70 mm Hg, pulse is 90/min, respiratory rate is 19/min, and oxygen saturation... | Ibuprofen | {
"A": "Arthrocentesis",
"B": "Ibuprofen",
"C": "MRI",
"D": "Prednisone"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old boy presents",
"right hip pain",
"past 2 days",
"reports gradual onset of pain",
"states",
"to walk",
"recent cold",
"week",
"healthy",
"temperature",
"98",
"36",
"blood pressure",
"70 mm Hg",
"pulse",
"90 min",
"respiratory rate",
"min",
"oxygen saturation",
"98",
... |
A 70-year-old man comes to the physician because of episodes of watery stools for the past 6 weeks. During this period, he has also had recurrent episodes of reddening of the face, neck, and chest that last up to 30 minutes, especially following alcohol consumption. He has hypertension. He smoked one pack of cigarettes... | Carcinoid syndrome | {
"A": "Idiopathic flushing",
"B": "Irritable bowel syndrome",
"C": "Polycythemia vera",
"D": "Carcinoid syndrome"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"70 year old man",
"physician",
"of episodes",
"watery stools",
"past",
"weeks",
"period",
"recurrent episodes",
"face",
"neck",
"chest",
"last",
"30 minutes",
"following alcohol consumption",
"hypertension",
"smoked one pack",
"cigarettes daily",
"20 years",
"quit",
"years",
... |
A 4-year-old boy is brought to the physician for the evaluation of fatigue since he returned from visiting family in South Africa one week ago. The day after he returned, he had fever, chills, and diffuse joint pain for 3 days. His symptoms improved with acetaminophen. He was born at term and has been healthy. His immu... | Reassurance | {
"A": "Folic acid therapy",
"B": "Oral succimer",
"C": "Reassurance",
"D": "Iron supplementation"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"4 year old boy",
"brought",
"physician",
"evaluation",
"fatigue",
"returned",
"visiting family",
"South Africa one week",
"day",
"returned",
"fever",
"chills",
"diffuse joint pain",
"3 days",
"symptoms improved",
"acetaminophen",
"born",
"term",
"healthy",
"immunizations",
"... |
A 15-year-old African American boy presents to a pediatrician with complaints of yellow discoloration of the sclerae for the last 3 days. His mother informs the pediatrician that the boy developed prolonged jaundice during the neonatal period. On physical examination, vital signs are stable and general examination show... | Methemoglobin reduction test | {
"A": "Glycerol lysis test",
"B": "Methemoglobin reduction test",
"C": "Serum thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone",
"D": "Hepatoiminodiacetic acid scanning"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old African American boy presents",
"pediatrician",
"complaints",
"yellow",
"sclerae",
"last",
"days",
"mother informs",
"pediatrician",
"boy",
"prolonged jaundice",
"neonatal period",
"physical examination",
"vital signs",
"stable",
"general examination shows mild icterus",
"p... |
An 18-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department because of a 1-day history of severe headache with photophobia and diffuse myalgias. She is a college student and lives in a dormitory in a large urban area. She has not traveled recently. On arrival, she is lethargic. Her temperature is 39.3°C (102.7°F), pulse... | Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine | {
"A": "Doxycycline therapy",
"B": "Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine",
"C": "Toxoid vaccine",
"D": "Erythromycin therapy"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old girl",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"of",
"1-day history",
"severe headache",
"photophobia",
"diffuse myalgias",
"college student",
"lives",
"dormitory",
"large urban area",
"not traveled recently",
"arrival",
"lethargic",
"temperature",
"3C",
"pulse",
"min",
"b... |
A 55-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. For the past 6 months, he has had fatigue, headaches, and several episodes of dizziness. Three months ago, he was diagnosed with hypertension and started on medications. Since the diagnosis was made, his medications have been adjusted several times b... | Unilateral kidney atrophy | {
"A": "Unilateral kidney atrophy",
"B": "Bilateral kidney enlargement",
"C": "Pituitary mass",
"D": "Diffuse thyroid enlargement"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"55 year old man",
"physician",
"follow-up examination",
"past 6 months",
"fatigue",
"headaches",
"several episodes of dizziness",
"Three months",
"diagnosed",
"hypertension",
"started",
"medications",
"diagnosis",
"made",
"medications",
"adjusted several times",
"persistently high b... |
Please refer to the summary above to answer this question
The APPLE study investigators are currently preparing for a 30-year follow-up evaluation. They are curious about the number of participants who will partake in follow-up interviews. The investigators noted that of the 83 participants who participated in APPLE st... | Attrition bias | {
"A": "Volunteer bias",
"B": "Lead-time bias",
"C": "Attrition bias",
"D": "Inadequate sample size"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"refer",
"summary above to answer",
"question",
"APPLE study investigators",
"currently preparing",
"30 year follow-up evaluation",
"curious",
"number",
"participants",
"follow-up interviews",
"investigators noted",
"83 participants",
"APPLE study",
"0- ear ollow-up,",
"2 ",
"reatment... |
A 72-year-old man comes to the physician because of several episodes of dark urine over the past 2 months. He has had a 6 kg (13.2-lb) weight loss over the past 3 months despite no changes in appetite. He has smoked a pack of cigarettes daily for 30 years. A CT scan shows a heterogeneous enhancing mass arising from the... | Pedunculated tumor comprised of pleomorphic urothelial cells with severe nuclear atypia | {
"A": "Ulcerating tumor comprised of glandular cells within mucinous material",
"B": "Pedunculated tumor comprised of pleomorphic urothelial cells with severe nuclear atypia",
"C": "Bright yellow tumor comprised of polygonal cells filled with lipids and glycogen",
"D": "Grayish-tan tumor comprised of primitive... | step1 | B | [
"72 year old man",
"physician",
"of several episodes",
"dark urine",
"past",
"months",
"kg",
"weight loss over",
"past 3 months",
"changes in appetite",
"smoked",
"pack",
"cigarettes daily",
"30 years",
"CT scan shows",
"heterogeneous enhancing mass arising",
"left renal pelvis",
"... |
A 54-year-old man comes to the physician because of diarrhea that has become progressively worse over the past 4 months. He currently has 4–6 episodes of foul-smelling stools per day. Over the past 3 months, he has had fatigue and a 5-kg (11-lb) weight loss. He returned from Bangladesh 6 months ago after a year-long bu... | Enteroscopy | {
"A": "CT scan of the abdomen",
"B": "Schilling test",
"C": "Enteroscopy",
"D": "PAS-stained biopsy of small bowel"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"54 year old man",
"physician",
"diarrhea",
"worse",
"past",
"months",
"currently",
"episodes of foul-smelling stools",
"day",
"past 3 months",
"fatigue",
"5 kg",
"weight loss",
"returned",
"Bangladesh",
"months",
"year long business assignment",
"osteoarthritis",
"hypertension",... |
A 45-year-old male is presenting for routine health maintenance. He has no complaints. His pulse if 75/min, blood pressure is 155/90 mm Hg, and respiratory rate is 15/min. His body mass index is 25 kg/m2. The physical exam is within normal limits. He denies any shortness of breath, daytime sleepiness, headaches, sweati... | Repeat the blood pressure measurement | {
"A": "Refer patient to cardiologist",
"B": "Treat with thiazide diuretic",
"C": "Repeat the blood pressure measurement",
"D": "Provide reassurance"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old male",
"presenting",
"routine health maintenance",
"complaints",
"pulse",
"75 min",
"blood pressure",
"90 mm Hg",
"respiratory rate",
"min",
"body mass index",
"kg/m2",
"physical exam",
"normal limits",
"denies",
"shortness of breath",
"daytime sleepiness",
"headaches",
... |
A 56-year-old man is brought to the clinic by his wife for complaints of progressive weakness for the past 3 months. He reports difficulty eating, especially when chewing foods like steak. The wife complains that he has been “out of it lately and has been forgetting my birthday." His past medical history is significant... | Riluzole | {
"A": "Donepezil",
"B": "Levodopa",
"C": "Riluzole",
"D": "Vitamin B12"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old man",
"brought",
"clinic",
"wife",
"complaints",
"progressive weakness",
"past 3 months",
"reports difficulty eating",
"chewing foods",
"wife",
"out",
"forgetting",
"past medical history",
"significant",
"celiac disease",
"eats",
"gluten-free diet",
"reports",
"stepped"... |
A 59-year-old man presents to his primary care physician complaining of leg pain with exertion for the last 6 months. He has cramping in his calves when walking. He states that the cramping is worse on the right than the left and that the cramping resolves when he stops walking. He has had type 2 diabetes mellitus for ... | Atherosclerosis | {
"A": "Narrowing of the spinal canal",
"B": "Venous thrombosis",
"C": "Atherosclerosis",
"D": "Segmental arterial occlusions due to non-atherosclerotic vasculitis"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"59 year old man presents",
"primary care physician",
"leg pain",
"exertion",
"months",
"cramping",
"calves",
"walking",
"states",
"cramping",
"worse",
"right",
"left",
"cramping resolves",
"stops walking",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"years",
"not compliant",
"medications",
"s... |
A 27-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of abdominal pain, diarrhea, flushing, and generalized pruritus that began after playing soccer. He also has a 2-month history of fatigue. Physical examination shows pallor and dry mucous membranes. Bone marrow biopsy shows a dense infiltration of atypical leu... | Gastric ulceration | {
"A": "Laryngeal edema",
"B": "Gastric ulceration",
"C": "Mucosal neuromas",
"D": "Tricuspid valve regurgitation"
} | step1 | B | [
"27 year old man",
"emergency department",
"abdominal pain",
"diarrhea",
"flushing",
"generalized pruritus",
"began",
"playing soccer",
"2 month history",
"fatigue",
"Physical examination shows pallor",
"dry mucous membranes",
"Bone marrow biopsy shows",
"dense infiltration",
"atypical l... |
A 47-year-old female presents to her primary care physician complaining of diarrhea and fatigue. She reports an eight-month history of increasingly frequent diarrhea, fatigue, and muscle weakness. She currently has over 15 episodes of watery diarrhea per day despite fasting. Her past medical history is notable for diab... | Octreotide | {
"A": "Octreotide",
"B": "Metoclopramide",
"C": "Omeprazole",
"D": "Metronidazole"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old female presents",
"primary care physician",
"diarrhea",
"fatigue",
"reports",
"eight month history of",
"frequent diarrhea",
"fatigue",
"muscle weakness",
"currently",
"over",
"episodes of watery diarrhea",
"day",
"fasting",
"past medical history",
"notable",
"diabetes",
... |
An 18-year-old male reports to his physician that he is having repeated episodes of a "racing heart beat". He believes these episodes are occurring completely at random. He is experiencing approximately 2 episodes each week, each lasting for only a few minutes. During the episodes he feels palpitations and shortness of... | Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia | {
"A": "Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation",
"B": "Ventricular tachycardia",
"C": "Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia",
"D": "Atrioventricular block, Mobitz Type II"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old male reports",
"physician",
"repeated episodes of",
"racing heart beat",
"episodes",
"occurring completely",
"random",
"experiencing approximately",
"episodes",
"week",
"lasting",
"only",
"few minutes",
"episodes",
"feels palpitations",
"shortness of breath",
"then nervous"... |
A 39-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of fever, urinary frequency, and lower back pain for the last 3 days. During this period, he has also had pain with the 3 times he has defecated. He is sexually active with one female partner and does not use condoms. His father died of colon cancer at the age... | Urine culture | {
"A": "Perform transrectal ultrasonography",
"B": "Measure serum prostate-specific antigen",
"C": "Urine culture",
"D": "Administer tamsulosin"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old man",
"emergency department",
"fever",
"urinary frequency",
"lower back pain",
"3 days",
"period",
"pain",
"times",
"sexually active",
"one female partner",
"not use condoms",
"father died of colon cancer",
"age",
"67 years",
"patient",
"smoked one pack",
"cigarettes dail... |
A 27-year-old nulligravid woman comes to the physician for evaluation of fertility. She has been unable to conceive for one year despite regular intercourse with her husband 1–2 times per week. Recent analysis of her husband's semen showed a normal sperm count. Two years ago, she had an episode of a febrile illness wit... | Tubal scarring | {
"A": "Polycystic ovary syndrome",
"B": "Long-term use of the oral contraceptive pill",
"C": "Primary ovarian insufficiency",
"D": "Tubal scarring"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"27 year old nulligravid woman",
"physician",
"evaluation",
"fertility",
"unable to",
"one year",
"regular intercourse",
"husband",
"times",
"week",
"Recent analysis",
"husband's semen showed",
"normal sperm count",
"Two years",
"episode of",
"febrile illness",
"lower abdominal pain"... |
A 4-year-old girl is being followed by the pediatric oncology team after her pediatrician found a palpable abdominal mass towards the right flank 2 weeks ago. Abdominal ultrasonography detected a solid mass in the right kidney without infiltration of the renal vein and inferior vena cava. The contrast-enhanced computed... | Chromosome 11 | {
"A": "Chromosome 22",
"B": "Chromosome 11",
"C": "Chromosome 13",
"D": "Chromosome 1"
} | step1 | B | [
"4 year old girl",
"followed by",
"pediatric oncology team",
"pediatrician found",
"palpable abdominal mass",
"right flank 2 weeks",
"ultrasonography detected",
"solid mass",
"right",
"infiltration",
"renal vein",
"inferior vena cava",
"contrast-enhanced computed tomography",
"confirmed",
... |
Please refer to the summary above to answer this question
Further evaluation of this patient is most likely to show which of the following findings?"
"Patient Information
Age: 28 years
Gender: F, self-identified
Ethnicity: unspecified
Site of Care: office
History
Reason for Visit/Chief Concern: “I'm not making breast m... | Decreased serum cortisol concentration | {
"A": "Increased serum sodium concentration",
"B": "Decreased serum aldosterone concentration",
"C": "Increased serum FSH concentration",
"D": "Decreased serum cortisol concentration"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"refer",
"summary above to answer",
"question Further evaluation",
"patient",
"most likely to show",
"following findings",
"Patient Age",
"years Gender",
"F",
"self identified Ethnicity",
"unspecified Site of Care",
"office History Reason for Visit",
"Concern",
"I",
" ot aking reast m... |
A 37-year-old-man presents to the clinic for a 2-month follow-up. He is relatively healthy except for a 5-year history of hypertension. He is currently on lisinopril, amlodipine, and hydrochlorothiazide. The patient has no concerns and denies headaches, weight changes, fever, chest pain, palpitations, vision changes, o... | Aldosterone-producing adenoma | {
"A": "Aldosterone-producing adenoma",
"B": "Ectopic secretion of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)",
"C": "Increased activity of the epithelial sodium channel at the kidney",
"D": "Mutation of the Na-K-2C- cotransporter at the thick ascending limb"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old man presents",
"clinic",
"2 month follow-up",
"relatively healthy",
"year history of hypertension",
"currently",
"lisinopril",
"amlodipine",
"hydrochlorothiazide",
"patient",
"concerns",
"denies headaches",
"weight changes",
"fever",
"chest pain",
"palpitations",
"vision ch... |
A 62-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider with anal bleeding. She reports a 4-month history of intermittent anal bleeding that was initially mild but has increased in severity over the past 2 weeks. She also reports having intermittent mucoid discharge from her anus. She denies any pain with defecation ... | Basaloid carcinoma | {
"A": "Adenocarcinoma",
"B": "Basal cell carcinoma",
"C": "Basaloid carcinoma",
"D": "Squamous cell carcinoma"
} | step1 | C | [
"62 year old woman presents",
"primary care provider",
"anal bleeding",
"reports",
"4 month history",
"intermittent anal bleeding",
"initially mild",
"increased",
"severity",
"past 2 weeks",
"reports",
"intermittent mucoid discharge from",
"anus",
"denies",
"pain",
"defecation",
"exp... |
A 47-year old morbidly obese woman presents to the Emergency Department with complaints of profound nausea, diarrhea, and malaise. Her past surgical history is significant for undergoing a laparoscopic gastric bypass procedure seven weeks ago for weight reduction. She has lost 15 kg since the surgery and currently, her... | Bacterial overgrowth | {
"A": "Anastomotic dehiscence",
"B": "Bacterial overgrowth",
"C": "Fistula",
"D": "Stricture"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old",
"obese woman presents",
"Emergency Department",
"complaints",
"profound nausea",
"diarrhea",
"malaise",
"past surgical history",
"significant",
"laparoscopic gastric bypass procedure seven weeks",
"weight",
"lost",
"kg",
"surgery",
"currently",
"BMI",
"kg/m2",
"only med... |
A 66-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of fever, chills, night sweats, and progressive shortness of breath for 1 week. She also reports generalized fatigue and nausea. She has type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism. Current medications include metformin, sitagliptin, and levothyroxine. ... | Colonoscopy | {
"A": "Warfarin therapy",
"B": "Implantable defibrillator",
"C": "Colonoscopy",
"D": "CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"66 year old woman",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"fever",
"chills",
"night sweats",
"progressive shortness of breath",
"1 week",
"reports generalized fatigue",
"nausea",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"hypothyroidism",
"Current medications include metformin",
"sitagliptin",
"levothyr... |
A previously healthy 5-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her parents because of a severe headache, nausea, and vomiting for 6 hours. Last week she had fever, myalgias, and a sore throat for several days that resolved with over-the-counter medication. She is oriented only to person. Examination sho... | Hepatic mitochondrial injury | {
"A": "Acute viral hepatitis",
"B": "Hepatic mitochondrial injury",
"C": "Ruptured berry aneurysm",
"D": "Ethylene glycol poisoning"
} | step1 | B | [
"healthy",
"year old girl",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"parents",
"severe headache",
"nausea",
"vomiting",
"hours",
"Last week",
"fever",
"myalgias",
"sore throat",
"days",
"resolved",
"over-the-counter medication",
"oriented only",
"person",
"Examination shows bilateral ... |
A 37-year-old woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus, on prednisone and methotrexate, presents to the dermatology clinic with three weeks of a diffuse, itchy rash. Physical exam is remarkable for small red papules in her bilateral axillae and groin and thin reddish-brown lines in her interdigital spaces. ... | Permethrin cream | {
"A": "Hydrocortisone cream",
"B": "Nystatin cream",
"C": "Permethrin cream",
"D": "Capsaicin cream"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old woman",
"history of systemic lupus erythematosus",
"prednisone",
"methotrexate",
"presents",
"dermatology clinic",
"three weeks",
"diffuse",
"itchy",
"Physical exam",
"small red papules",
"bilateral axillae",
"groin",
"thin",
"brown lines",
"interdigital spaces",
"following... |
A 23-year-old woman, gravida 1 para 0, at 16 weeks’ gestation presents to the physician because of swelling of her right breast for 1 month. She has no personal or family history of any serious illnesses. She has taken contraceptive pills over the past few years. Vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examinati... | Fibroadenoma | {
"A": "Invasive ductal carcinoma",
"B": "Fibroadenoma",
"C": "Lobular carcinoma",
"D": "Medullary carcinoma"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"23 year old woman",
"gravida 1 para 0",
"weeks gestation presents",
"physician",
"of swelling",
"right breast",
"1 month",
"personal",
"family history",
"serious illnesses",
"taken contraceptive pills",
"past",
"years",
"Vital signs",
"normal",
"Physical examination shows asymmetric b... |
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