question stringlengths 66 3.58k | answer stringlengths 1 230 | options dict | meta_info stringclasses 2
values | answer_idx stringclasses 4
values | metamap_phrases listlengths 1 184 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A drug that inhibits mRNA synthesis has the well-documented side effect of red-orange body fluids. For which of the following is this drug used as monotherapy? | Neisseria meningitidis prophylaxis | {
"A": "Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection",
"B": "Neisseria meningitidis prophylaxis",
"C": "Brucellosis",
"D": "It is inappropriate to use this drug as monotherapy"
} | step1 | B | [
"drug",
"inhibits mRNA synthesis",
"well documented side effect",
"red orange body fluids",
"following",
"drug used"
] |
A 50-year-old man is brought to the emergency department due to chest pain and shortness of breath for the last 2 hours. He describes the chest pain as squeezing in nature and radiating towards his left arm. It is associated with nausea and sweating. He has a similar history in the past, which is mostly aggravated with... | Troponin I | {
"A": "Aspartate transaminase ",
"B": "Lactate dehydrogenase-1",
"C": "Troponin I",
"D": "Creatine kinase – MB"
} | step1 | C | [
"50 year old man",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"chest pain",
"shortness of breath",
"last",
"hours",
"chest pain",
"squeezing",
"nature",
"radiating",
"left arm",
"associated with nausea",
"sweating",
"similar history",
"past",
"mostly aggravated",
"strenuous activities",
... |
A 10-year-old boy is brought by his mother to his pediatrician for “skin growths.” His mother reports that she started noticing small lumps arising from the patient’s lips and eyelids several months ago. She also notes that he seems to suffer from frequent constipation and appears “weaker” than many of his peers. The b... | RET | {
"A": "MEN1",
"B": "NF1",
"C": "NF2",
"D": "RET"
} | step1 | D | [
"A 10 year old boy",
"brought",
"mother",
"pediatrician",
"skin growths",
"mother reports",
"started",
"small lumps arising",
"patients lips",
"eyelids",
"months",
"notes",
"to suffer",
"frequent constipation",
"appears weaker",
"peers",
"boys past medical history",
"unremarkable",... |
A 50-year-old man presents with a 3-day history of painful peeling of his skin. He says he initially noted small erythematous spots on areas of his neck, but this quickly spread to his torso, face, and buttocks to form flaccid blisters and areas of epidermal detachment involving > 40% of his total body surface area. He... | Skin biopsy and histopathologic analysis | {
"A": "Indirect immunofluorescence on perilesional biopsy",
"B": "Blood cultures",
"C": "Skin biopsy and histopathologic analysis",
"D": "PCR for serum staphylococcal exfoliative toxin"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"50 year old man presents",
"3-day history of painful peeling",
"skin",
"initially noted small erythematous spots",
"areas of",
"neck",
"spread",
"torso",
"face",
"buttocks to form flaccid blisters",
"areas",
"epidermal detachment involving",
"40",
"of",
"total body surface area",
"ass... |
A 25-year-old woman comes to the physician for a pre-employment examination. Her current medications include an oral contraceptive and a daily multivitamin. Physical examination is unremarkable. Serum studies show calcium of 11.8 mg/dL, phosphorus of 2.3 mg/dL, and parathyroid hormone level of 615 pg/mL. A 24-hour urin... | Defect in calcium-sensing receptors | {
"A": "Hyperplasia of parathyroid chief cells",
"B": "Defect in calcium-sensing receptors",
"C": "IL-1-induced osteoclast activation",
"D": "Extrarenal calcitriol production"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old woman",
"physician",
"pre employment examination",
"current medications include",
"oral contraceptive",
"daily multivitamin",
"Physical examination",
"unremarkable",
"Serum studies show calcium",
"mg/dL",
"phosphorus",
"mg/dL",
"parathyroid hormone level",
"pg/mL",
"24-hour uri... |
A 5-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician with weakness. His father observed that his son seemed less energetic at daycare and kindergarten classes. He was becoming easily fatigued from mild play. His temperature is 98°F (37°C), blood pressure is 90/60 mmHg, pulse is 100/min, and respirations are 20/min. Physical e... | Bone marrow biopsy with > 25% lymphoblasts | {
"A": "Bone marrow biopsy with > 25% lymphoblasts",
"B": "Flow cytometry with positive terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase staining",
"C": "Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis with 9:22 translocation",
"D": "Peripheral blood smear with > 50% lymphoblasts"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"5 year old boy presents",
"pediatrician",
"weakness",
"father observed",
"son",
"less energetic",
"daycare",
"kindergarten classes",
"easily fatigued",
"mild play",
"temperature",
"blood pressure",
"90 60 mmHg",
"pulse",
"100 min",
"respirations",
"20 min",
"Physical exam reveals ... |
A 57-year-old woman with a history of diabetes and hypertension accidentally overdoses on antiarrhythmic medication. Upon arrival in the ER, she is administered a drug to counteract the effects of the overdose. Which of the following matches an antiarrhythmic with its correct treatment in overdose? | Esmolol and glucagon | {
"A": "Quinidine and insulin",
"B": "Encainide and epinephrine",
"C": "Esmolol and glucagon",
"D": "Sotalol and norepinephrine"
} | step1 | C | [
"57 year old woman",
"history",
"diabetes",
"hypertension",
"overdoses",
"antiarrhythmic",
"arrival",
"ER",
"administered",
"drug to",
"effects",
"overdose",
"following matches",
"antiarrhythmic",
"correct treatment",
"overdose"
] |
You are seeing a patient in clinic who presents with complaints of weakness. Her physical exam is notable for right sided hyperreflexia, as well as the finding in video V. Where is the most likely location of this patient's lesion? | Internal capsule | {
"A": "Subthalamic nucleus",
"B": "Lateral geniculate nucleus",
"C": "Postcentral gyrus",
"D": "Internal capsule"
} | step1 | D | [
"seeing",
"patient in clinic",
"presents",
"complaints",
"weakness",
"physical exam",
"notable",
"right sided hyperreflexia",
"finding",
"video",
"most likely location",
"patient's lesion"
] |
An 8-year-old female presents to her pediatrician with nasal congestion. Her mother reports that the patient has had nasal congestion and nighttime cough for almost two weeks. The patient’s 3-year-old brother had similar symptoms that began around the same time and have since resolved. The patient initially seemed to b... | Moraxella catarrhalis | {
"A": "Moraxella catarrhalis",
"B": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa",
"C": "Staphylococcus aureus",
"D": "Streptococcus pyogenes"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"year old female presents",
"pediatrician",
"nasal congestion",
"mother reports",
"patient",
"nasal congestion",
"nighttime cough",
"almost two weeks",
"patients",
"year old brother",
"similar symptoms",
"began",
"same time",
"since resolved",
"patient initially",
"to",
"improving",
... |
A 25-year-old female comes to the physician because of fever and worsening cough for the past 4-days. She has had several episodes of otitis media, sinusitis, and an intermittent cough productive of green sputum for the past 2-years. She has also noticed some streaks of blood in the sputum lately. Her temperature is 38... | Delayed tubal ovum transit | {
"A": "Delayed tubal ovum transit",
"B": "NADPH oxidase deficiency",
"C": "Defective interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain",
"D": "Increased sweat chloride levels\n\""
} | step1 | A | [
"year old female",
"physician",
"fever",
"worsening cough",
"past 4-days",
"several episodes of otitis media",
"sinusitis",
"intermittent cough productive",
"green sputum",
"past",
"years",
"streaks",
"blood",
"sputum",
"temperature",
"100 4F",
"Auscultation",
"chest reveals crackl... |
A 6-day-old boy is brought to the emergency room with a fever. He was born to a G1P1 mother at 39 weeks gestation via vaginal delivery. The mother underwent all appropriate prenatal care and was discharged from the hospital 1 day after birth. The boy has notable skin erythema around the anus with some serosanguinous fl... | LFA-1 integrin | {
"A": "IL-12 receptor",
"B": "Immunoglobulin A",
"C": "LFA-1 integrin",
"D": "NADPH oxidase"
} | step1 | C | [
"day old boy",
"brought",
"emergency room",
"fever",
"born",
"G1P1 mother",
"weeks gestation",
"vaginal delivery",
"mother",
"appropriate prenatal care",
"discharged from",
"hospital",
"day after birth",
"boy",
"notable skin",
"anus",
"serosanguinous fluid",
"umbilical stump",
"p... |
The boy is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit for closer monitoring. Peripheral venous access is established. He is treated with IV isotonic saline and started on an insulin infusion. This patient is at the highest risk for which of the following conditions in the next 24 hours? | Cerebral edema | {
"A": "Cerebral edema",
"B": "Cognitive impairment",
"C": "Deep venous thrombosis",
"D": "Hyperkalemia"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"boy",
"admitted to",
"pediatric intensive care unit",
"monitoring",
"Peripheral venous access",
"established",
"treated with IV isotonic saline",
"started",
"insulin infusion",
"patient",
"highest risk",
"following conditions",
"next 24 hours"
] |
A 70-year-old man presents to the physician with a 1-month history of severe fatigue. During this time, he has unintentionally lost 2 kg (4.4 lb). Currently, he takes no medications other than aspirin for occasional knee pain. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. His vital signs are within the normal range. On physical ... | Translocation t(15;17) | {
"A": "History of myelodysplastic syndrome",
"B": "Leukocyte count > 100,000/mm3",
"C": "Prior treatment with cytotoxic agents",
"D": "Translocation t(15;17)"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"70 year old man presents",
"physician",
"month history",
"severe fatigue",
"time",
"lost 2 kg",
"4.4",
"Currently",
"takes",
"medications",
"aspirin",
"occasional knee pain",
"not smoke",
"drink alcohol",
"vital signs",
"normal range",
"physical examination",
"conjunctivae",
"pa... |
An 11-month-old boy presents to his pediatrician with severe wheezing, cough, and fever of 38.0°C (101.0°F). Past medical history is notable for chronic diarrhea since birth, as well as multiple pyogenic infections. The mother received prenatal care, and delivery was uneventful. Both parents, as well as the child, are ... | Increased IgM and decreased IgA, IgG, and IgE | {
"A": "Increased IgM and decreased IgA, IgG, and IgE",
"B": "Increased IgE",
"C": "Decreased IgM and increased IgE and IgA",
"D": "Increased IgE and decreased IgA and IgM"
} | step1 | A | [
"month old boy presents",
"pediatrician",
"severe wheezing",
"cough",
"fever",
"Past medical history",
"notable",
"chronic diarrhea",
"birth",
"multiple pyogenic infections",
"mother received prenatal care",
"delivery",
"parents",
"child",
"HIV-negative",
"further investigation",
"ch... |
A 76-year-old man presents after an acute onset seizure. He lives in a retirement home and denies any previous history of seizures. Past medical history is significant for a hemorrhagic stroke 4 years ago, and type 2 diabetes, managed with metformin. His vital signs include: blood pressure 80/50 mm Hg, pulse 80/min, an... | Reduced fluid intake | {
"A": "Reduced fluid intake",
"B": "Unusual increase in physical activity",
"C": "Metformin side effects",
"D": "Concomitant viral infection"
} | step1 | A | [
"76 year old man presents",
"acute onset seizure",
"lives",
"retirement home",
"denies",
"previous history",
"seizures",
"Past medical history",
"significant",
"hemorrhagic stroke",
"years",
"type 2 diabetes",
"managed",
"metformin",
"vital signs include",
"blood pressure 80 50 mm Hg",... |
A 64-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 7.2-kg (16-lb) weight loss over the past 6 months. For the last 4 weeks, she has also had intermittent constipation and bloating. Four months ago, she spent 2 weeks in Mexico with her daughter. She has never smoked. She drinks one glass of wine daily. She appears ... | Metastatic colorectal cancer | {
"A": "Hepatic echinococcal cysts",
"B": "Cholangiocarcinoma",
"C": "Metastatic colorectal cancer",
"D": "Cirrhosis"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"64 year old woman",
"physician",
"7.2 kg",
"weight loss",
"past 6 months",
"last",
"weeks",
"intermittent constipation",
"bloating",
"Four months",
"spent 2 weeks",
"Mexico",
"daughter",
"never smoked",
"drinks one glass",
"wine daily",
"appears thin",
"temperature",
"3C",
"pu... |
A 52-year-old African American man presents to his primary care physician with a chief complaint of leg swelling. He says that the swelling began about 2 weeks ago and he cannot recall anything that may have provoked the episode. Otherwise he has had joint pain, headaches, frothy urine, and some tingling in his fingers... | Elevated levels of IL-6 | {
"A": "Abnormally shaped red blood cells",
"B": "Altered kappa to lambda ratio",
"C": "Antibodies to phospholipase A2 receptor",
"D": "Elevated levels of IL-6"
} | step1 | D | [
"year old African American man presents",
"primary care physician",
"chief complaint of leg swelling",
"swelling began",
"2 weeks",
"recall",
"provoked",
"episode",
"joint pain",
"headaches",
"frothy urine",
"tingling in",
"fingers",
"toes",
"feel",
"related",
"swelling",
"denies",... |
A 10-month-old girl is brought to the clinic by her mother with skin lesions on her chest. The mother says that she noticed the lesions 24 hours ago and that they have not improved. The patient has no significant past medical history. She was born at term by spontaneous transvaginal delivery with no complications, is i... | Cryotherapy or podophyllotoxin (0.15% topically) | {
"A": "Acyclovir",
"B": "Topical antifungal therapy",
"C": "Wide-spectrum antibiotics",
"D": "Cryotherapy or podophyllotoxin (0.15% topically)"
} | step1 | D | [
"A 10 month old girl",
"brought",
"clinic",
"mother",
"skin lesions",
"chest",
"mother",
"lesions 24 hours",
"not improved",
"patient",
"significant past medical history",
"born",
"term",
"spontaneous transvaginal delivery",
"complications",
"90th percentile",
"growth curve",
"met"... |
A 67-year-old female patient is brought to the emergency department after her daughter noticed she has been having meaningless speech. When assessing the patient, she calls the chair a table, and at times would make up new words. She does not appear to be aware of her deficit, and is carrying on an empty conversation. ... | Superior temporal gyrus | {
"A": "Inferior frontal gyrus",
"B": "Superior temporal gyrus",
"C": "Acuate fasciculus, inferior frontal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus",
"D": "Frontal lobe, sparing Broadmann's area 44 and 45"
} | step1 | B | [
"67 year old female patient",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"daughter",
"meaningless speech",
"assessing",
"patient",
"calls",
"chair",
"table",
"times",
"make",
"new words",
"not appear to",
"aware",
"deficit",
"carrying",
"empty conversation",
"speech",
"fluent",
"para... |
A researcher has identified a chemical compound that she expects may contribute to the development of colorectal cancer. She designs an experiment where she exposes 70 mice to a diet containing this compound with another 50 mice in a control group that was fed a regular diet. After 9 months, the mice were evaluated for... | 18.0% | {
"A": "2.0%",
"B": "18.0%",
"C": "20.0%",
"D": "22.0%"
} | step1 | B | [
"researcher",
"identified",
"chemical compound",
"contribute",
"development",
"colorectal cancer",
"designs",
"experiment",
"70 mice",
"diet containing",
"compound",
"50 mice",
"control group",
"fed",
"regular diet",
"months",
"mice",
"evaluated",
"tumor development",
"necropsy... |
A 65-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a rash. He states that for the past several days he has felt burning and itching around his eye. Yesterday, he noticed that a rash had formed. Review of systems is notable for mild diarrhea for the past week. The patient has a past medical history of diabetes... | Acyclovir | {
"A": "Acyclovir",
"B": "Oral steroids",
"C": "Topical muciporin",
"D": "Topical steroids"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"65 year old man presents",
"primary care physician",
"rash",
"states",
"past",
"days",
"felt burning",
"itching",
"eye",
"rash",
"formed",
"Review of systems",
"notable",
"mild diarrhea",
"past week",
"patient",
"past medical diabetes",
"asthma",
"seasonal allergies",
"hyperte... |
A 66-year-old woman presents to the emergency department after a fall 4 hours ago. She was on her way to the bathroom when she fell to the ground and lost consciousness. Although she regained consciousness within one minute, she experienced lightheadedness for almost half an hour. She has experienced on-and-off dizzine... | Stop antihypertensive medicines | {
"A": "Electroencephalogram",
"B": "Holter monitoring",
"C": "Stop antihypertensive medicines",
"D": "Tilt table testing"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"66 year old woman presents",
"emergency department",
"fall",
"hours",
"bathroom",
"fell",
"lost consciousness",
"regained consciousness",
"one minute",
"experienced lightheadedness",
"almost half",
"hour",
"experienced",
"dizziness",
"past 2 weeks",
"to stand",
"history of type 2 di... |
A group of researchers wish to develop a clinical trial assessing the efficacy of a specific medication on the urinary excretion of amphetamines in intoxicated patients. They recruit 50 patients for the treatment arm and 50 patients for the control arm of the study. Demographics are fairly balanced between the two grou... | Ascorbic acid | {
"A": "Potassium citrate",
"B": "Ascorbic acid",
"C": "Aluminum hydroxide",
"D": "Tap water"
} | step1 | B | [
"A group",
"researchers wish to",
"clinical trial assessing",
"efficacy",
"specific medication",
"urinary excretion",
"amphetamines",
"patients",
"50 patients",
"treatment arm",
"50 patients",
"control arm",
"study",
"Demographics",
"balanced",
"two groups",
"primary end points inclu... |
A 32-year-old G6P1 woman presents to the obstetrician for a prenatal visit. She is 8 weeks pregnant. She has had 4 spontaneous abortions in the past, all during the first trimester. She tells you she is worried about having another miscarriage. She has been keeping to a strictly organic diet and takes a daily prenatal ... | Low molecular weight heparin | {
"A": "Corticosteroids",
"B": "Low molecular weight heparin",
"C": "Intramuscular benzathine penicillin G",
"D": "Vitamin K"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old",
"woman presents",
"obstetrician",
"prenatal visit",
"weeks pregnant",
"4 spontaneous abortions",
"past",
"first trimester",
"worried",
"miscarriage",
"keeping",
"organic diet",
"takes",
"daily prenatal vitamin",
"used to smoke",
"pack",
"day",
"quit",
"first miscarria... |
A 28-year-old man presents to the clinic complaining of chronic joint pain and fatigue for the past 2 months. The patient states that he usually has pain in one of his joints that resolve but then seems to move to another joint. The patient notes no history of trauma but states that he has experienced some subjective f... | A spirochete | {
"A": "A gram-negative diplococci",
"B": "A spirochete",
"C": "A gram-positive, spore-forming rod",
"D": "A gram-positive cocci in chains"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old man presents",
"clinic",
"chronic pain",
"fatigue",
"past",
"months",
"patient states",
"usually",
"pain in one",
"joints",
"resolve",
"then",
"to move",
"joint",
"patient notes",
"history",
"trauma",
"states",
"experienced",
"subjective fevers",
"time",
"works",
... |
A 34-year-old man presents to an outpatient clinic with chronic fatigue and bumps on his neck, right axilla, and groin. Upon questioning, he reveals he frequently visits Japan on business and is rather promiscuous on his business trips. He denies use of barrier protection. On examination, there is generalized lymphaden... | Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 | {
"A": "Human immunodeficiency virus",
"B": "Hepatitis C virus",
"C": "Human T-lymphotropic virus 2",
"D": "Human T-lymphotropic virus 1"
} | step1 | D | [
"year old man presents",
"outpatient clinic",
"chronic fatigue",
"neck",
"right axilla",
"groin",
"questioning",
"reveals",
"frequently visits Japan",
"business",
"rather promiscuous",
"business trips",
"denies use of barrier protection",
"examination",
"generalized lymphadenopathy",
"... |
A 22-year-old primigravida is admitted to the obstetrics ward with leg swelling at 35 weeks gestation. She denies any other symptoms. Her pregnancy has been uneventful and she was compliant with the recommended prenatal care. Her vital signs were as follows: blood pressure, 168/95 mm Hg; heart rate, 86/min; respiratory... | Blood pressure of 165/90 mm Hg reassessed 4 hours later | {
"A": "24-hour urinary protein of 5 g/L",
"B": "Blood pressure of 165/90 mm Hg reassessed 4 hours later",
"C": "Platelet count 133,000/μL",
"D": "Serum creatinine 0.98 mg/dL"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old primigravida",
"admitted",
"obstetrics ward",
"leg swelling",
"35 weeks gestation",
"denies",
"symptoms",
"pregnancy",
"compliant",
"recommended prenatal care",
"vital signs",
"follows",
"blood pressure",
"95 mm Hg",
"heart rate",
"min",
"respiratory rate",
"min",
"temp... |
A 4-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of progressive intermittent pain and swelling in both knees and right ankle and wrist for 3 months. She has been taking acetaminophen and using ice packs, both of which relieved her symptoms. The affected joints feel ""stuck” and difficult to move when she wakes up ... | Oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis | {
"A": "Psoriatic juvenile arthritis",
"B": "Seronegative polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis",
"C": "Acute lymphocytic leukemia",
"D": "Oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"4 year old girl",
"brought",
"physician",
"progressive intermittent pain",
"swelling",
"knees",
"right ankle",
"wrist",
"months",
"taking acetaminophen",
"using ice packs",
"relieved",
"symptoms",
"affected joints feel",
"difficult to move",
"wakes up",
"morning",
"move",
"freel... |
A 65-year-old male presents to your office complaining of worsening shortness of breath. He has experienced shortness of breath on and off for several years, but is noticing that it is increasingly more difficult. Upon examination, you note wheezing and cyanosis. You conduct pulmonary function tests, and find that the ... | Increased erythropoietin | {
"A": "Decreased serum bicarbonate",
"B": "Increased erythropoietin",
"C": "Nasal polyps",
"D": "Pleural effusion"
} | step1 | B | [
"65 year old male presents",
"office",
"of worsening shortness",
"breath",
"shortness of breath",
"several years",
"difficult",
"examination",
"note wheezing",
"cyanosis",
"conduct pulmonary function tests",
"find",
"patient's FEV1/FVC ratio",
"markedly decreased",
"most likely additiona... |
A 52-year-old man presents to the emergency department with nausea, palpitations, and lightheadedness after consuming a drink prepared from the leaves of yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana). He had read somewhere that such a drink is healthy. As he liked the taste, he consumed 3 glasses of the drink before the symptom... | Digoxin immune Fab | {
"A": "Procainamide",
"B": "Digoxin immune Fab",
"C": "Propranolol",
"D": "Quinidine"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"nausea",
"palpitations",
"lightheadedness",
"drink prepared",
"leaves",
"yellow oleander",
"Thevetia peruviana",
"read",
"drink",
"healthy",
"liked",
"taste",
"3 glasses",
"drink",
"symptoms",
"vomited twice",
"past medical histor... |
A 1-year-old boy presents to pediatrics clinic for a well-child visit. He has no complaints. He has a cleft palate and an abnormal facial appearance. He has been riddled with recurrent infections and is followed by cardiology for a ventricular septal defect (VSD). Vital signs are stable, and the patient's physical exam... | A positive Chvostek's sign | {
"A": "Kidney stones",
"B": "B-cell deficiency",
"C": "A positive Chvostek's sign",
"D": "Hypoactive deep tendon reflexes"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old boy presents to pediatrics clinic",
"well-child visit",
"complaints",
"cleft palate",
"abnormal facial appearance",
"recurrent infections",
"followed by cardiology",
"ventricular septal defect",
"Vital signs",
"stable",
"patient's",
"benign",
"patient's medical history",
"part of... |
A 46-year-old woman presents to the emergency department complaining of bloody diarrhea, fatigue, and confusion. A few days earlier she went to a fast-food restaurant for a college reunion party. Her friends are experiencing similar symptoms. Laboratory tests show anemia, thrombocytopenia, and uremia. Lactate dehydroge... | E. coli | {
"A": "Entamoeba histolytica",
"B": "E. coli",
"C": "Shigella",
"D": "Salmonella"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old woman presents",
"emergency department",
"bloody diarrhea",
"fatigue",
"confusion",
"few days earlier",
"fast-food restaurant",
"college reunion party",
"friends",
"experiencing similar symptoms",
"Laboratory tests show anemia",
"thrombocytopenia",
"uremia",
"Lactate dehydrogenas... |
A couple brings their 1-year-old child to a medical office for a follow-up evaluation of his small, empty scrotum. The scrotum has been empty since birth and the physician asked them to follow up with a pediatrician. There are no other complaints. The immunization history is up to date and his growth and development ha... | Inhibin | {
"A": "LH",
"B": "Inhibin",
"C": "Testosterone",
"D": "FSH"
} | step1 | B | [
"couple",
"1-year-old child",
"medical office",
"follow-up evaluation",
"small",
"empty",
"scrotum",
"empty",
"birth",
"physician",
"to follow up",
"pediatrician",
"complaints",
"immunization history",
"date",
"growth",
"development",
"excellent",
"examination",
"playful",
"a... |
A 65-year-old woman presents to her physician with a persistent and debilitating cough which began 3 weeks ago, and chest pain accompanied by shortness of breath for the past week. Past medical history is significant for breast carcinoma 10 years ago treated with mastectomy, chemotherapy and radiation, a hospitalizatio... | Squamous cell carcinoma lung | {
"A": "Bacterial pneumonia",
"B": "Small cell carcinoma lung",
"C": "Squamous cell carcinoma lung",
"D": "Tuberculosis"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"65 year old woman presents",
"physician",
"persistent",
"cough",
"began 3 weeks",
"chest pain",
"shortness of breath",
"past week",
"medical history",
"significant",
"breast carcinoma 10 years",
"treated with mastectomy",
"chemotherapy",
"radiation",
"hospitalization",
"month",
"pne... |
An investigator is developing a drug for muscle spasms. The drug inactivates muscular contraction by blocking the site where calcium ions bind to the myocyte actin filament. Which of the following is the most likely site of action of this drug? | Troponin C | {
"A": "Myosin-binding site",
"B": "Myosin head",
"C": "Acetylcholine receptor",
"D": "Troponin C"
} | step1 | D | [
"investigator",
"drug",
"muscle spasms",
"drug",
"muscular contraction",
"blocking",
"site",
"calcium ions bind",
"myocyte actin filament",
"following",
"most likely site of action",
"drug"
] |
A 72-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after an unexpected fall at home 1 hour ago. She was resuscitated at the scene by paramedics before being transferred to the hospital. She has a history of ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. She has not taken any sedative medicati... | “Based on her wishes, mechanical ventilation must be discontinued.” | {
"A": "“Based on her wishes, mechanical ventilation must be discontinued.”",
"B": "“Further management decisions will be referred to the hospital’s ethics committee.”",
"C": "“She may be eligible for hospice care.”",
"D": "“The opinion of her primary care physician must be obtained regarding further steps in m... | step2&3 | A | [
"72 year old woman",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"ambulance",
"unexpected fall",
"home",
"hour",
"resuscitated",
"paramedics",
"transferred",
"hospital",
"history of ischemic heart disease",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"not taken",
"sedative medications",
"GCS",
"connected",
... |
A 54-year-old male carpenter accidentally amputated his right thumb while working in his workshop 30 minutes ago. He reports that he was cutting a piece of wood, and his hand became caught up in the machinery. He is calling the emergency physician for advice on how to transport his thumb and if it is necessary. Which o... | Wrap thumb in saline-moistened, sterile gauze and place in sterile bag | {
"A": "Place thumb in cup of cold milk",
"B": "Wrap thumb in sterile gauze and submerge in a cup of saline",
"C": "Wrap thumb in saline-moistened, sterile gauze and place in sterile bag",
"D": "There is no need to save the thumb"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"54 year old male carpenter",
"amputated",
"right thumb",
"working",
"workshop 30 minutes",
"reports",
"cutting",
"piece",
"wood",
"hand",
"caught",
"machinery",
"calling",
"emergency physician",
"advice",
"to transport",
"thumb",
"following",
"best information",
"patient"
] |
A 45-year-old diabetic man presents to your office for routine follow-up. One year ago, the patient’s hemoglobin A1C was 7.2% and the patient was encouraged to modify his diet and increase exercise. Six months ago, the patient’s HA1C was 7.3%, and you initiated metformin. Today, the patient has no complaints. For which... | Mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | {
"A": "Hepatitis C infection",
"B": "Mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease",
"C": "Recent diagnosis of NYHA Class II congestive heart failure",
"D": "Headache and family history of brain aneurysms requiring CT angiography"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old diabetic man presents",
"office",
"routine follow-up",
"One year ago",
"patients hemoglobin A1C",
"7.2",
"patient",
"to modify",
"diet",
"increase exercise",
"Six months",
"patients",
"initiated metformin",
"Today",
"patient",
"complaints",
"following co-morbidities",
"ac... |
A 4-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department with difficulty breathing. His mother reports that he developed a fever last night and began to have trouble breathing this morning. The boy was born at 39 weeks gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery. He is unvaccinated (conscientious objection by the family)... | At 2-months-old | {
"A": "At 2-months-old",
"B": "At 6-months-old",
"C": "Between 9- and 12-months-old",
"D": "Between 12- and 15-months-old"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"4 year old boy",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"difficulty breathing",
"mother reports",
"fever",
"night",
"began to",
"trouble breathing",
"morning",
"boy",
"born",
"weeks gestation",
"spontaneous vaginal delivery",
"conscientious",
"family",
"meeting",
"developmental milest... |
A 57-year-old man comes to the physician two weeks after a blood pressure of 160/92 mm Hg was measured at a routine health maintenance examination. Subsequent home blood pressure measurements since the last visit have been: 159/98 mm Hg, 161/102 mm Hg, and 152/95 mm Hg. Over the past 3 years, the patient has had a 10-k... | Resistance to insulin | {
"A": "Release of proinflammatory cytokines",
"B": "Accumulation of fat in visceral tissue",
"C": "Resistance to insulin",
"D": "Increased dietary salt intake"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"57 year old man",
"physician two weeks",
"blood pressure",
"mm Hg",
"measured",
"routine health maintenance examination",
"Subsequent home blood pressure measurements",
"last visit",
"98 mm Hg",
"mm Hg",
"95 mm Hg",
"past",
"years",
"patient",
"a 10 kg",
"weight gain",
"type 2 diabe... |
A 67-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of increasing shortness of breath that began while playing outdoors with his grandson. He has a history of asthma but does not take any medications for it. On arrival, he is alert and oriented. He is out of breath and unable to finish his sentences. His p... | Endotracheal intubation | {
"A": "Endotracheal intubation",
"B": "Intravenous theophylline therapy",
"C": "Continuous albuterol nebulizer therapy",
"D": "Intravenous magnesium sulfate therapy"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"67 year old man",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"of increasing shortness",
"breath",
"began",
"playing outdoors",
"grandson",
"history of asthma",
"not take",
"medications",
"arrival",
"alert",
"oriented",
"out of breath",
"unable to finish",
"sentences",
"pulse",
"min",
... |
A 52-year-old male with ischemic cardiomyopathy presents to his cardiologist for worsening shortness of breath on exertion. He denies any recent episodes of chest pain and has been compliant with his medications, which include metoprolol, lisinopril, spironolactone, and furosemide. The patient’s vitals signs are as fol... | Decreases the volume and work placed on the left ventricle | {
"A": "Has anti-inflammatory properties to reduce the risk of coronary artery thrombosis",
"B": "Increases the volume of blood that enters the heart to improve ventricular contraction",
"C": "Decreases the volume and work placed on the left ventricle",
"D": "Has positive effects on cardiac remodeling"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old male",
"ischemic cardiomyopathy presents",
"cardiologist",
"worsening shortness of breath",
"exertion",
"denies",
"recent episodes of chest pain",
"compliant",
"medications",
"include metoprolol",
"lisinopril",
"spironolactone",
"furosemide",
"patients",
"signs",
"follows",
... |
A 16-year-old girl comes to the physician with her mother because of intermittent abdominal cramps, fatigue, and increased urination over the past 3 months. She has no history of serious illness. She reports that she has not yet had her first menstrual period. Her mother states that she receives mostly A and B grades i... | Serum β-hCG | {
"A": "Pelvic ultrasound",
"B": "Fasting glucose and lipid panel",
"C": "Serum fT4",
"D": "Serum β-hCG"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old girl",
"physician",
"mother",
"intermittent abdominal cramps",
"fatigue",
"increased urination",
"past 3 months",
"history",
"serious illness",
"reports",
"not",
"first menstrual period",
"mother states",
"receives mostly",
"grades in school",
"very active",
"school athleti... |
A 30-year-old woman presents to the clinic because of fever, joint pain, and a rash on her lower extremities. She admits to intravenous drug use. Physical examination reveals palpable petechiae and purpura on her lower extremities. Laboratory results reveal a negative antinuclear antibody, positive rheumatoid factor, a... | Hepatitis C infection | {
"A": "Hepatitis B infection",
"B": "Hepatitis C infection",
"C": "HIV infection",
"D": "Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"30 year old woman presents",
"clinic",
"fever",
"joint pain",
"rash",
"lower extremities",
"admits",
"intravenous drug use",
"Physical examination reveals palpable petechiae",
"purpura",
"lower extremities",
"Laboratory results reveal",
"negative",
"antibody",
"positive rheumatoid facto... |
A 30-year-old woman with a 1-year history of medically-managed Graves disease visits her endocrinologist to discuss her desire to become pregnant and whether pregnancy is safe with her medications. Her temperature is 98.4°F (36.9°C), blood pressure is 110/66 mmHg, pulse is 78/min, respirations are 12/min. The endocrino... | Fulminant hepatic necrosis | {
"A": "Agranulocytosis",
"B": "Aplastic anemia",
"C": "Fulminant hepatic necrosis",
"D": "Thyroid storm"
} | step1 | C | [
"30 year old woman",
"history of",
"managed Graves disease visits",
"endocrinologist to discuss",
"desire to",
"pregnant",
"pregnancy",
"safe",
"medications",
"temperature",
"98 4F",
"36",
"blood pressure",
"66 mmHg",
"pulse",
"min",
"respirations",
"min",
"endocrinologist",
"p... |
A 58-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 5-day history of progressively worsening shortness of breath and fatigue. He has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for 30 years. His pulse is 96/min, respirations are 26/min, and blood pressure is 100/60 mm Hg. An x-ray of the chest is shown. Which of the following ... | Left ventricular failure | {
"A": "Left ventricular failure",
"B": "Tricuspid regurgitation",
"C": "Pulmonary embolism",
"D": "Interstitial pneumonia"
} | step1 | A | [
"58 year old man",
"physician",
"5-day history",
"worsening shortness of breath",
"fatigue",
"smoked 1 pack",
"cigarettes daily",
"30 years",
"pulse",
"96 min",
"respirations",
"min",
"blood pressure",
"100 60 mm Hg",
"x-ray of",
"chest",
"shown",
"following",
"most likely cause"... |
A 33-year-old woman comes to the physician because of left leg pain and swelling for 1 day. She has had two miscarriages but otherwise has no history of serious illness. Physical examination shows stiff, swollen finger joints. The left calf circumference is larger than the right and there is a palpable cord in the left... | Anti-β2 glycoprotein antibodies | {
"A": "Anti-nuclear antibodies",
"B": "Anti-cyclical citrullinated peptide antibodies",
"C": "Anti-β2 glycoprotein antibodies",
"D": "Anti-synthetase antibodies"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old woman",
"physician",
"left leg pain",
"swelling",
"1 day",
"two miscarriages",
"history",
"serious illness",
"Physical examination shows stiff",
"swollen",
"left calf circumference",
"larger",
"right",
"palpable cord",
"left popliteal fossa",
"Laboratory studies show",
"pro... |
A 50-year-old male presents to the emergency with abdominal pain. He reports he has had abdominal pain associated with meals for several months and has been taking over the counter antacids as needed, but experienced significant worsening pain one hour ago in the epigastric region. The patient reports the pain radiatin... | Chest radiograph | {
"A": "Abdominal ultrasound",
"B": "Chest radiograph",
"C": "Abdominal CT scan",
"D": "12 lead electrocardiogram"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"50 year old male presents",
"emergency",
"abdominal pain",
"reports",
"abdominal pain associated with meals",
"several months",
"taking over the counter antacids as needed",
"significant worsening pain one hour",
"epigastric region",
"patient reports",
"pain radiating to",
"shoulders",
"Vit... |
A 31-year-old woman presents to your office with one week of recurrent fevers. The highest temperature she recorded was 101°F (38.3°C). She recently returned from a trip to Nigeria to visit family and recalls a painful bite on her right forearm at that time. Her medical history is significant for two malarial infection... | Suramin and melarsoprol | {
"A": "Chloroquine",
"B": "Primaquine",
"C": "Suramin and melarsoprol",
"D": "Sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine"
} | step1 | C | [
"31 year old woman presents",
"office",
"one week",
"recurrent fevers",
"highest temperature",
"recorded",
"3C",
"recently returned",
"trip",
"Nigeria to visit family",
"recalls",
"painful bite",
"right forearm",
"time",
"medical history",
"significant",
"two malarial infections",
... |
A 36-year-old man presents with soreness and dryness of the oral mucosa for the past 3 weeks. No significant past medical history. The patient reports that he has had multiple bisexual partners over the last year and only occasionally uses condoms. He denies any alcohol use or history of smoking. The patient is afebril... | Change the patient’s toothbrush and improve oral hygiene | {
"A": "Change the patient’s toothbrush and improve oral hygiene",
"B": "Nystatin",
"C": "Surgical excision",
"D": "Topical corticosteroids"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"36 year old man presents",
"soreness",
"dryness",
"oral",
"past",
"weeks",
"significant past medical history",
"patient reports",
"multiple bisexual partners",
"year",
"only occasionally uses condoms",
"denies",
"alcohol use",
"history of smoking",
"patient",
"afebrile",
"vital sign... |
A 32-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for an annual checkup. She reports that she has been feeling well and has no medical concerns. Her past medical history is significant for childhood asthma but she has not experienced any symptoms since she was a teenager. Physical exam reveals a 1-centimeter h... | Sclerosing adenosis | {
"A": "Fibroadenoma",
"B": "Infiltrating ductal carcinoma",
"C": "Invasive lobular carcinoma",
"D": "Sclerosing adenosis"
} | step1 | D | [
"year old woman presents",
"primary care physician",
"annual checkup",
"reports",
"feeling well",
"medical concerns",
"past medical history",
"significant",
"childhood asthma",
"not experienced",
"symptoms",
"teenager",
"Physical exam reveals a",
"centimeter hard mobile mass",
"left uppe... |
A 3-year-old boy is brought to his pediatrician’s office because of prolonged ear pulling and discomfort. The condition started a week ago and his parents are concerned that he has developed another ear infection. He has had multiple minor respiratory tract infections with productive cough and ear infections over the l... | Kartagener syndrome | {
"A": "Cystic fibrosis",
"B": "Common variable immune deficiency",
"C": "X-linked agammaglobulinemia",
"D": "Kartagener syndrome"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"3 year old boy",
"brought",
"pediatricians office",
"prolonged ear pulling",
"discomfort",
"condition started",
"week",
"parents",
"concerned",
"ear infection",
"multiple minor respiratory infections",
"productive cough",
"ear infections",
"year",
"hospitalized",
"community-acquired p... |
A 30-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 12 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a prenatal visit. She feels well. Pregnancy and vaginal delivery of her first child were uncomplicated. Five years ago, she was diagnosed with hypertension but reports that she has been noncompliant with her hypertension regimen. ... | Abruptio placentae | {
"A": "Spontaneous abortion",
"B": "Polyhydramnios",
"C": "Abruptio placentae",
"D": "Placenta previa"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"30 year old woman",
"gravida 2",
"para 1",
"weeks",
"gestation",
"physician",
"prenatal visit",
"feels well",
"Pregnancy",
"vaginal delivery",
"first child",
"uncomplicated",
"Five years",
"diagnosed",
"hypertension",
"reports",
"noncompliant",
"hypertension regimen",
"patient",... |
A 42-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, at 10 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a prenatal examination. She has no history of significant medical illness. Physical examination shows a uterus consistent with a 10-week gestation. Cell-free fetal DNA testing shows a karyotype of 47,XXY. If the fetus's condition ... | ↑ ↑ ↓ ↑ | {
"A": "↑ ↑ ↓ ↑",
"B": "↓ ↓ ↓ ↓",
"C": "↑ ↑ normal normal",
"D": "↑ ↑ ↑ ↓"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old woman",
"gravida 1",
"para 0",
"10 weeks",
"gestation",
"physician",
"prenatal examination",
"history of significant medical illness",
"Physical examination shows",
"uterus consistent with",
"10 week gestation",
"Cell-free fetal DNA testing shows",
"karyotype",
"fetus's condition... |
A 44-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 45 minutes after being involved in a high-speed motor vehicle collision in which he was the restrained driver. On arrival, he has left hip and left leg pain. His pulse is 135/min, respirations are 28/min, and blood pressure is 90/40 mm Hg. Examination shows an op... | Physiologic ADH (vasopressin) secretion | {
"A": "Pathologic aldosterone secretion",
"B": "Adrenal crisis",
"C": "Pathologic ADH (vasopressin) secretion",
"D": "Physiologic ADH (vasopressin) secretion"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old man",
"brought",
"emergency department 45 minutes",
"involved",
"high speed motor vehicle collision",
"restrained driver",
"arrival",
"left hip",
"left leg pain",
"pulse",
"min",
"respirations",
"min",
"blood pressure",
"90 40 mm Hg",
"Examination shows",
"open left tibial"... |
A 67-year old woman is brought to the emergency department after she lost consciousness while at home. Her daughter was with her at the time and recalls that her mother was complaining of a diffuse headache and nausea about 2 hours before the incident. The daughter says that her mother has not had any recent falls and ... | Ruptured saccular aneurysm | {
"A": "Ruptured mycotic aneurysm",
"B": "Ruptured saccular aneurysm",
"C": "Intracranial arterial dissection",
"D": "Spinal arteriovenous malformation"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"67 year old woman",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"lost consciousness",
"at home",
"daughter",
"time",
"recalls",
"mother",
"complaining of a diffuse headache",
"nausea",
"hours",
"incident",
"daughter",
"mother",
"not",
"recent falls",
"found sitting",
"chair",
"lost con... |
A 58-year-old man with liver cirrhosis presents to his primary care physician complaining of increased abdominal girth and early satiety. He drinks 2–4 glasses of wine with dinner and recalls having had abnormal liver enzymes in the past. Vital signs include a temperature of 37.1°C (98.7°F), blood pressure of 110/70 mm... | High sinusoidal pressure | {
"A": "Peritoneal carcinomatosis",
"B": "Serositis",
"C": "High sinusoidal pressure",
"D": "Pancreatic disease"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"58 year old man",
"liver cirrhosis presents",
"primary care physician",
"increased abdominal",
"early satiety",
"drinks",
"glasses",
"wine",
"dinner",
"recalls",
"abnormal liver enzymes",
"past",
"Vital signs include",
"temperature",
"98",
"blood pressure",
"70 mm Hg",
"pulse",
... |
A 48-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with a stab wound to his chest. The wound is treated in the emergency room. Three months later he develops a firm 4 x 3 cm nodular mass with intact epithelium over the site of the chest wound. On local examination, the scar is firm, non-tender, and there is no er... | Keloid scar formation | {
"A": "Foreign body response from suturing",
"B": "Poor wound healing from diabetes mellitus",
"C": "Keloid scar formation",
"D": "Staphylococcal wound infection"
} | step1 | C | [
"48 year old man",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"stab wound",
"chest",
"wound",
"treated",
"emergency room",
"Three months later",
"firm",
"nodular mass",
"intact epithelium",
"site of",
"chest wound",
"local examination",
"scar",
"firm",
"non-tender",
"erythema",
"mass",... |
A 55-year-old man presents to the emergency department for chest pain. He states that the pain started last night and has persisted until this morning. He describes the pain as in his chest and radiating into his back between his scapulae. The patient has a past medical history of alcohol abuse and cocaine abuse. He re... | Asymmetric blood pressures in the upper extremities | {
"A": "Asymmetric blood pressures in the upper extremities",
"B": "Coronary artery thrombus",
"C": "Coronary artery vasospasm",
"D": "Pulmonary artery thrombus"
} | step1 | A | [
"55 year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"chest pain",
"states",
"pain started last night",
"morning",
"pain",
"chest",
"radiating",
"back",
"scapulae",
"patient",
"past medical history of alcohol abuse",
"cocaine abuse",
"recently returned",
"vacation",
"flight",
"patie... |
A 45-year-old woman comes to the physician because of right foot pain for 3 months. She has a burning sensation in the plantar area between the third and fourth metatarsals that radiates to the third and fourth digits. She had a right distal radius fracture that was treated with a splint and physical therapy three mont... | Intermetatarsal neuroma | {
"A": "Third metatarsal stress fracture",
"B": "Metatarsal osteochondrosis",
"C": "Intermetatarsal neuroma",
"D": "Osteomyelitis\n\""
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old woman",
"physician",
"of right",
"months",
"burning sensation",
"plantar area",
"third",
"fourth metatarsals",
"radiates",
"third",
"fourth digits",
"right distal radius fracture",
"treated with",
"splint",
"physical therapy three months",
"account executive",
"high heels t... |
A 2-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of fever, cough, and ear pain over the past 2 days. He has had recurrent respiratory tract infections and several episodes of giardiasis and viral gastroenteritis since he was 6 months of age. Examination shows decreased breath sounds over both lung fields... | Mutation in tyrosine kinase gene | {
"A": "Mutation in WAS gene",
"B": "Mutation in tyrosine kinase gene",
"C": "Microdeletion on the long arm of chromosome 22",
"D": "Mutation in NADPH oxidase gene"
} | step1 | B | [
"2 year old boy",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"fever",
"cough",
"ear pain",
"past 2 days",
"recurrent respiratory tract infections",
"several episodes of giardiasis",
"viral gastroenteritis",
"months",
"age",
"Examination shows decreased breath sounds",
"lung fields",
"bilateral p... |
A 30-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, abortus 1, comes to the physician because of failure to conceive for 12 months. She is sexually active with her husband 2–3 times per week. Her first child was born at term after vaginal delivery 2 years ago. At that time, the postpartum course was complicated by hemorrhage from ... | Hysteroscopy with potential adhesiolysis | {
"A": "Measurement of antisperm antibody concentration",
"B": "Estrogen/progestin withdrawal test",
"C": "Hysteroscopy with potential adhesiolysis",
"D": "Dilation and curettage"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"30 year old woman",
"gravida 2",
"para 1",
"abortus",
"physician",
"failure to",
"12 months",
"sexually active",
"husband 23 times",
"week",
"first child",
"born",
"term",
"vaginal delivery",
"years",
"time",
"postpartum course",
"complicated",
"hemorrhage",
"retained placenta... |
A 50-year-old man presents with a complaint of pain and swelling of his right leg for the past 2 days. He remembers hitting his leg against a table 3 days earlier. Since then, the pain and swelling of the leg have gradually increased. His past medical history is significant for atopy and pulmonary tuberculosis. The pat... | Ultrasound of the right leg | {
"A": "Reassurance and supportive treatment",
"B": "D-dimer level",
"C": "Ultrasound of the right leg",
"D": "CT pulmonary angiography"
} | step1 | C | [
"50 year old man presents",
"complaint",
"pain",
"swelling of",
"right leg",
"past 2 days",
"remembers hitting",
"leg",
"table 3 days earlier",
"then",
"pain",
"swelling of",
"leg",
"increased",
"past medical history",
"significant",
"atopy",
"pulmonary tuberculosis",
"patient re... |
A 35-year-old Caucasian female presents with anemia, malaise, bloating, and diarrhea. Past genetic testing revealed that this patient carries the HLA-DQ2 allele. The physician suspects that the patient's presentation is dietary in cause. Which of the following findings would definitively confirm this diagnosis? | Biopsy of the duodenum showing atrophy and blunting of villi | {
"A": "CT scan showing inflammation of the small bowel wall",
"B": "Biopsy of the duodenum showing atrophy and blunting of villi",
"C": "Liver biopsy showing apoptosis of hepatocytes",
"D": "Esophageal endoscopy showing lower esophageal metaplasia"
} | step1 | B | [
"35 year old Caucasian female presents",
"anemia",
"malaise",
"bloating",
"diarrhea",
"Past genetic testing revealed",
"patient carries",
"HLA-DQ2 allele",
"physician suspects",
"patient's presentation",
"dietary",
"cause",
"following findings",
"confirm",
"diagnosis"
] |
A 20-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with painful abdominal cramping. She states she has missed her menstrual period for 5 months, which her primary care physician attributes to her obesity. She has a history of a seizure disorder treated with valproic acid; however, she has not had a seizure in ove... | Magnesium | {
"A": "Lorazepam",
"B": "Magnesium",
"C": "Phenobarbital",
"D": "Propofol"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"20 year old woman presents",
"emergency department",
"painful abdominal",
"states",
"missed",
"menstrual period",
"months",
"primary care physician attributes",
"obesity",
"history of",
"seizure disorder treated with valproic acid",
"not",
"seizure",
"10 years",
"longer taking medicatio... |
A 65-year-old woman presents with severe abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. Past medical history is significant for a myocardial infarction 6 months ago. The patient reports a 25-pack-year smoking history and consumes 80 ounces of alcohol per week. Physical examination shows a diffusely tender abdomen with the absence... | Small bowel ischemia | {
"A": "Small bowel obstruction",
"B": "Small bowel ischemia",
"C": "Ulcerative colitis",
"D": "Acute pancreatitis"
} | step1 | B | [
"65 year old woman presents",
"severe abdominal",
"bloody diarrhea",
"Past medical history",
"significant",
"myocardial infarction",
"months",
"patient reports",
"pack-year smoking history",
"80 ounces",
"alcohol",
"week",
"Physical examination shows",
"tender abdomen",
"absence of bowel... |
A 43-year-old man comes to the physician because of left flank pain and nausea for 2 hours. The pain comes in waves and radiates to his groin. Over the past year, he has had intermittent pain in the bilateral flanks and recurrent joint pain in the toes, ankles, and fingers. He has not seen a physician in over 10 years.... | Monosodium urate | {
"A": "Cholesterol",
"B": "Ammonium magnesium phosphate",
"C": "Monosodium urate",
"D": "Calcium oxalate"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old man",
"physician",
"left flank pain",
"nausea",
"hours",
"pain",
"waves",
"radiates",
"groin",
"past year",
"intermittent pain",
"bilateral flanks",
"recurrent joint pain in",
"toes",
"ankles",
"fingers",
"not seen",
"physician",
"10 years",
"takes",
"medications",
... |
A 63-year-old female enrolls in a research study evaluating the use of iron studies to screen for disease in a population of post-menopausal women. Per study protocol, past medical history and other identifying information is unknown. The patient's iron studies return as follows:
Serum iron: 200 µg/dL (normal 50–170 µ... | Excess iron absorption | {
"A": "Chronic inflammation",
"B": "Excess iron absorption",
"C": "Lead poisoning",
"D": "Pregnancy"
} | step1 | B | [
"63 year old female",
"research study evaluating",
"use of iron studies to screen",
"disease",
"population",
"post-menopausal women",
"study protocol",
"past medical history",
"identifying information",
"unknown",
"patient's iron studies return",
"follows",
"Serum iron",
"200 g/dL",
"nor... |
A 36-year-old woman with HIV comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of pain and watery discharge in her left eye. She also has blurry vision and noticed that she is more sensitive to light. Her right eye is asymptomatic. She had an episode of shingles 7 years ago. She was diagnosed with HIV 5 years ago. She ... | Herpes simplex keratitis | {
"A": "Pseudomonas keratitis",
"B": "Herpes zoster keratitis",
"C": "Fusarium keratitis",
"D": "Herpes simplex keratitis"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"36 year old woman",
"HIV",
"physician",
"3-day history",
"pain",
"watery discharge",
"left",
"blurry vision",
"more sensitive to light",
"right eye",
"asymptomatic",
"episode of shingles",
"years",
"diagnosed",
"HIV",
"years",
"admits",
"takes",
"medication",
"contact lenses",... |
While testing various strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a researcher discovers that a certain strain of this bacteria is unable to cause disease in mice when deposited in their lungs. What physiological test would most likely deviate from normal in this strain of bacteria as opposed to a typical strain? | Quellung reaction | {
"A": "Bile solubility",
"B": "Optochin sensitivity",
"C": "Quellung reaction",
"D": "Hemolytic reaction when grown on sheep blood agar"
} | step1 | C | [
"testing various strains",
"Streptococcus pneumoniae",
"researcher discovers",
"certain strain",
"bacteria",
"unable to cause disease",
"mice",
"deposited",
"lungs",
"physiological test",
"most likely deviate",
"normal",
"strain",
"bacteria",
"typical strain"
] |
A 38-year-old man comes to the physician because of progressive pain and swelling of his left knee for the past 2 days. He has been taking ibuprofen for the past 2 days without improvement. Four days ago, he scraped his left knee while playing baseball. He has a 2-month history of progressive pain and stiffness in his ... | Arthrocentesis of the left knee | {
"A": "Bone scan",
"B": "MRI of the left knee",
"C": "Blood cultures",
"D": "Arthrocentesis of the left knee"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old man",
"physician",
"progressive pain",
"swelling of",
"left knee",
"past 2 days",
"taking ibuprofen",
"past 2 days",
"improvement",
"Four days",
"scraped",
"left knee",
"playing baseball",
"2 month history",
"progressive pain",
"stiffness",
"back",
"pain starts",
"wakin... |
A 62-year-old man with a past medical history notable for α-thalassemia now presents for urgent care with complaints of increased thirst and urinary frequency. Physical examination is grossly unremarkable, although there is a bronze discoloration of his skin. His vital signs include: temperature 36.7°C (98.0°F), blood ... | Recurrent phlebotomy | {
"A": "Metformin",
"B": "Basal and bolus insulin",
"C": "Recurrent phlebotomy",
"D": "Deferoxamine"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"62 year old man",
"past medical history notable",
"thalassemia now presents",
"urgent care",
"complaints",
"increased thirst",
"urinary frequency",
"Physical examination",
"unremarkable",
"bronze discoloration of",
"skin",
"vital signs include",
"temperature 36",
"98",
"blood pressure",... |
A 47-year-old woman complains of weight gain and irregular menses for the past 2 years. She has gained 13 kg (28,6 lb) and feels that most of the weight gain is in her abdomen and face. She has type 2 diabetes and hypertension for 1 year, and they are difficult to control with medications. Vital signs include a tempera... | Transsphenoidal pituitary adenoidectomy | {
"A": "Medical therapy",
"B": "Unilateral adrenalectomy",
"C": "Bilateral adrenalectomy",
"D": "Transsphenoidal pituitary adenoidectomy"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old woman",
"weight gain",
"irregular menses",
"past",
"years",
"gained",
"kg",
"feels",
"most",
"weight gain",
"abdomen",
"face",
"type 2 diabetes",
"hypertension",
"year",
"difficult",
"control",
"medications",
"Vital signs include",
"temperature",
"36",
"98 4F",
... |
A 14-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mom after she found him complaining of headaches, nausea, lightheadedness, and muscle pain. He has had type I diabetes for 3 years with very well managed blood sugars, and he is otherwise healthy. He recently returned from a boy scout skiing trip where he ... | Interstitial fibrosis | {
"A": "Interstitial fibrosis",
"B": "Interstitial thinning",
"C": "Increasing capillary transit time",
"D": "Increasing capillary length"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old boy",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"mom",
"found",
"headaches",
"nausea",
"lightheadedness",
"muscle pain",
"type I diabetes",
"years",
"very well managed blood sugars",
"healthy",
"recently returned",
"boy",
"skiing trip",
"drank",
"mountain stream",
"ate unusual... |
A patient suffering from Graves' disease is given thiocyanate by his physician. Thiocyanate helps in the treatment of Graves' disease by: | Inhibiting iodide follicular uptake | {
"A": "Inhibiting 5'-deiodinase",
"B": "Inhibiting thyroid deiodinase",
"C": "Inhibiting beta-adrenergic receptors",
"D": "Inhibiting iodide follicular uptake"
} | step1 | D | [
"patient suffering",
"disease",
"given thiocyanate",
"physician",
"Thiocyanate helps",
"treatment",
"Graves",
"disease"
] |
A 16-month-old male patient, with no significant past medical history, is brought into the emergency department for the second time in 5 days with tachypnea, expiratory wheezes and hypoxia. The patient presented to the emergency department initially due to rhinorrhea, fever and cough. He was treated with nasal suctioni... | Nasal suctioning, oxygen therapy and IV fluids | {
"A": "Humidified oxygen, racemic epinephrine and intravenous (IV) dexamethasone",
"B": "Intubation and IV cefuroxime",
"C": "IV cefotaxime and IV vancomycin",
"D": "Nasal suctioning, oxygen therapy and IV fluids"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"month old male patient",
"significant past medical history",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"second time",
"5 days",
"tachypnea",
"expiratory wheezes",
"hypoxia",
"patient presented",
"emergency department initially",
"rhinorrhea",
"fever",
"cough",
"treated with nasal suctioning",
... |
A 67-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus comes to the emergency department because of lightheadedness over the past 2 hours. He reports that he has had similar episodes of lightheadedness and palpitations over the past 3 days. His only medication is metformin. His pulse is 110/min and irregularly irregular. An E... | Aneurysm of the descending aorta | {
"A": "Thrombus in the left pulmonary artery",
"B": "Myxoma in the left atrium",
"C": "Aneurysm of the descending aorta",
"D": "Thrombus in the left ventricular apex"
} | step1 | C | [
"67 year old man",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"emergency department",
"of lightheadedness",
"past",
"hours",
"reports",
"similar episodes of lightheadedness",
"palpitations",
"past 3 days",
"only medication",
"metformin",
"pulse",
"min",
"irregular",
"ECG shows",
"variable R-R inter... |
A 21-year-old female presents to her psychiatrist for ongoing management of major depressive disorder. She has previously tried cognitive behavioral therapy as well as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, but neither treatment has been very effective. She also states that she has been smoking two packs per day for ... | Patient is bulimic | {
"A": "Patient also takes monoamine oxidase inhibitors",
"B": "Patient is elderly",
"C": "Patient is bulimic",
"D": "Patient is pregnant"
} | step1 | C | [
"21-year-old female presents",
"psychiatrist",
"ongoing management",
"major depressive disorder",
"cognitive behavioral therapy",
"selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors",
"treatment",
"very effective",
"states",
"smoking two packs per day",
"last three months",
"to stop smoking",
"Based",
... |
A 10-month-old boy is being treated for a rare kind of anemia and is currently being evaluated for a bone marrow transplant. The patient’s mother presents to an appointment with their pediatrician after having done some online research. She has learned that the majority of patients inherit this condition as an autosoma... | Fetal hemoglobin level is elevated | {
"A": "Splenectomy is a treatment option",
"B": "Occurs due to an inability to convert orotic acid to uridine monophosphate (UMP)",
"C": "Fetal hemoglobin level is elevated",
"D": "Occurs due to a defect in lymphoblasts and erythroid progenitor cells"
} | step1 | C | [
"A 10 month old boy",
"treated",
"rare kind",
"anemia",
"currently",
"evaluated",
"bone marrow transplant",
"patients mother presents",
"appointment",
"pediatrician",
"research",
"learned",
"majority",
"patients inherit",
"condition",
"autosomal dominant mutation",
"result",
"genet... |
A 44-year-old woman comes to the physician for the evaluation of a 1-month history of fatigue and difficulty swallowing. During this period, she has also had dry skin, thinning hair, and rounding of her face. She has type 1 diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis. Her father had a thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid... | Positive thyroid peroxidase antibodies and thyroglobulin antibodies in serum | {
"A": "Increased uptake on radioactive iodine scan in discrete 1-cm area",
"B": "Diffusely increased uptake on a radioactive iodine scan",
"C": "Positive immunohistochemical stain for calcitonin on thyroid biopsy",
"D": "Positive thyroid peroxidase antibodies and thyroglobulin antibodies in serum"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old woman",
"physician",
"evaluation",
"month history",
"fatigue",
"difficulty swallowing",
"period",
"dry skin",
"thinning hair",
"rounding",
"face",
"type 1 diabetes mellitus",
"rheumatoid arthritis",
"father",
"thyroidectomy",
"papillary thyroid cancer",
"patient",
"smoked... |
A 64-year-old man presents to his primary care provider after noticing the development of a blistering rash. The patient states that his symptoms began 1 week ago after he noticed a blister develop on the inside of his mouth that eventually ruptured. Over the past several days, he has noticed several more blisters on h... | IgG against transmembrane proteins between cells | {
"A": "Autoantibodies against hemidesmosomes",
"B": "Exotoxin destroying keratinocyte attachments",
"C": "IgA antibodies depositing in the dermal papillae",
"D": "IgG against transmembrane proteins between cells"
} | step1 | D | [
"64 year old man presents",
"primary care provider",
"development",
"blistering rash",
"patient states",
"symptoms began 1 week",
"blister",
"mouth",
"ruptured",
"past",
"days",
"more blisters",
"torso",
"patient denies",
"fever",
"symptoms",
"history",
"high blood pressure",
"ta... |
An investigator is attempting to develop a blood test to diagnose sporadic Creutzfeld-Jacob disease (CJD). She has collected several tissue samples from adults who were diagnosed with CJD. After performing a comprehensive tissue analysis, she has identified two amino acid sequences on the affected proteins that are hig... | Western blot | {
"A": "Southern blot",
"B": "Western blot",
"C": "Northern blot",
"D": "Polymerase chain reaction"
} | step1 | B | [
"investigator",
"attempting to",
"blood test to diagnose sporadic Creutzfeld-Jacob disease",
"collected",
"tissue samples",
"adults",
"diagnosed",
"CJD",
"performing",
"comprehensive tissue analysis",
"identified two amino acid sequences",
"affected proteins",
"highly consistent",
"samples... |
A 52-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for her annual checkup. She lost her job 6 months ago and since then she has been feeling worthless because nobody wants to hire her. She also says that she is finding it difficult to concentrate, which is exacerbated by the fact that she has lost interest in a... | Decreased serotonin and norepinephrine | {
"A": "Decreased gamma-aminobutyric acid",
"B": "Decreased serotonin and norepinephrine",
"C": "Increased dopamine",
"D": "Increased norepinephrine"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old woman presents",
"primary care physician",
"annual checkup",
"lost",
"job 6 months",
"since then",
"feeling worthless",
"to hire",
"finding",
"difficult to concentrate",
"exacerbated",
"fact",
"lost interest",
"activities",
"used to love",
"working",
"garden",
"sleeping",... |
A 46-year-old woman presents to a psychiatrist for evaluation. Three months prior, the patient moved to a new apartment building, and since then, she has become increasingly convinced that her doorman has been stealing her packages and going into her apartment while she is not home. She states that objects do not stay ... | Delusional disorder | {
"A": "Adjustment disorder",
"B": "Delusional disorder",
"C": "Paranoid personality disorder",
"D": "Schizotypal personality disorder"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old woman presents",
"psychiatrist",
"evaluation",
"Three months prior",
"patient moved to",
"new apartment building",
"since then",
"doorman",
"stealing",
"packages",
"apartment",
"not home",
"states",
"objects",
"not",
"leaves",
"sometimes",
"mail",
"never receives",
"f... |
A 71-year-old man with colorectal cancer comes to the physician for follow-up examination after undergoing a sigmoid colectomy. The physician recommends adjuvant chemotherapy with an agent that results in single-stranded DNA breaks. This chemotherapeutic agent most likely has an effect on which of the following enzymes... | Topoisomerase I | {
"A": "Telomerase",
"B": "Helicase",
"C": "DNA polymerase III",
"D": "Topoisomerase I"
} | step1 | D | [
"71 year old man",
"colorectal cancer",
"physician",
"follow-up examination",
"sigmoid colectomy",
"physician recommends adjuvant chemotherapy",
"agent",
"results",
"single-stranded DNA breaks",
"chemotherapeutic agent",
"likely",
"effect",
"following enzymes"
] |
A previously healthy 10-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department 15 minutes after he had a seizure. His mother reports that he complained of sudden nausea and seeing “shiny lights,” after which the corner of his mouth and then his face began twitching. Next, he let out a loud scream, dropped to the floor unc... | Focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure | {
"A": "Focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure",
"B": "Convulsive syncope",
"C": "Sydenham chorea",
"D": "Generalized tonic-clonic seizure\n\""
} | step2&3 | A | [
"healthy 10 year old boy",
"brought",
"emergency department 15 minutes",
"seizure",
"mother reports",
"sudden nausea",
"seeing shiny lights",
"corner of",
"mouth",
"then",
"face began twitching",
"Next",
"let out",
"loud scream",
"dropped",
"floor unconscious",
"began to jerk",
"ar... |
A 45-year-old woman is in a high-speed motor vehicle accident and suffers multiple injuries to her extremities and abdomen. In the field, she was bleeding profusely bleeding and, upon arrival to the emergency department, she is lethargic and unable to speak. Her blood pressure on presentation is 70/40 mmHg. The trauma ... | Provide transfusions as needed | {
"A": "Provide transfusions as needed",
"B": "Ask ex-husband to bring identification to the trauma bay",
"C": "Obtain an ethics consult",
"D": "Obtain a court order for transfusion"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old woman",
"high speed motor vehicle accident",
"suffers multiple injuries",
"extremities",
"abdomen",
"In the field",
"bleeding",
"bleeding",
"arrival",
"emergency department",
"lethargic",
"unable",
"speak",
"blood pressure",
"presentation",
"70 40 mmHg",
"trauma surgery tea... |
A 14-year-old boy is brought to the office by his mother with the complaint of increasing bilateral nasal obstruction for the past 5 months. He also complains of continuous bilateral nasal discharge. He adds that he no longer has any sense of smell of foods. Past medical history is significant for growth retardation an... | Nasal polyposis | {
"A": "Septal deviation",
"B": "Nasal polyposis",
"C": "Foreign body",
"D": "Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old boy",
"brought",
"office",
"mother",
"complaint",
"increasing bilateral nasal obstruction",
"past",
"months",
"continuous bilateral nasal discharge",
"adds",
"longer",
"sense of smell",
"foods",
"Past medical history",
"significant",
"growth retardation",
"chronic bronchiti... |
A 46-year-old man presents to a clinic with a complaint of intermittent flank pain bilaterally for 5 days. The pain is colicky in nature and radiates to the groin. The patient took an old prescription (hyoscyamine) and got some relief. He has nausea, but had not vomited until now. Although he has a history of renal sto... | Developmental anomaly characterized by cystic dilatation of the collecting tubules in the renal pyramids | {
"A": "Acquired condition secondary to dialysis",
"B": "Developmental anomaly characterized by cystic dilatation of the collecting tubules in the renal pyramids",
"C": "Neoplastic changes in the proximal tubular cells of the kidneys",
"D": "Vascular anomalies and genetic mutations leading to maldevelopment of ... | step1 | B | [
"year old man presents",
"clinic",
"complaint",
"intermittent flank",
"5 days",
"pain",
"colicky",
"nature",
"radiates",
"groin",
"patient took",
"old prescription",
"hyoscyamine",
"got",
"relief",
"nausea",
"not vomited",
"now",
"history",
"renal stones",
"denies",
"blood ... |
A 44-year-old man comes to the physician because of fatigue and increased straining during defecation for 3 months. During this time, he has lost 5 kg (12 lb) despite no change in appetite. He has a family history of colon cancer in his maternal uncle and maternal grandfather. His mother died of ovarian cancer at the a... | Lynch syndrome | {
"A": "Familial adenomatous polyposis",
"B": "Turcot syndrome",
"C": "Gardner syndrome",
"D": "Lynch syndrome"
} | step1 | D | [
"year old man",
"physician",
"fatigue",
"increased straining",
"defecation",
"3 months",
"time",
"lost 5 kg",
"change in appetite",
"family history of colon cancer",
"maternal uncle",
"maternal grandfather",
"mother died of ovarian cancer",
"age",
"Physical examination shows conjunctival... |
A 45-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with a headache, fevers with chills, rigors, and generalized joint pain for the past week. She also complains of a progressive rash on her left arm. She says that a few days ago she noticed a small, slightly raised lesion resembling an insect bite mark, which had... | Babesia microti | {
"A": "Babesia microti",
"B": "Ehrlichia",
"C": "Rickettsia rickettsii",
"D": "Rickettsia typhi"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old woman presents",
"emergency department",
"headache",
"fevers with chills",
"rigors",
"generalized joint",
"past week",
"progressive rash",
"left arm",
"few days",
"small",
"slightly raised lesion",
"insect bite mark",
"burning sensation",
"medical",
"surgical histories",
"u... |
A 30-year-old man comes to the physician because of recurrent episodes of right-sided jaw pain over the past 3 months. The patient describes the pain as dull. He says it worsens throughout the day and with chewing, and that it can also be felt in his right ear. He also reports hearing a cracking sound while eating. Ove... | Dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint | {
"A": "Dental abscess",
"B": "Infection of the mandible",
"C": "Dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint",
"D": "Chronic inflammation of the sinuses\n\""
} | step2&3 | C | [
"30 year old man",
"physician",
"of recurrent episodes",
"right-sided jaw pain",
"past 3 months",
"patient",
"pain",
"dull",
"worsens",
"day",
"chewing",
"felt",
"right ear",
"reports hearing",
"cracking sound",
"eating",
"past",
"months",
"several episodes of severe headache",
... |
A 55-year-old male is hospitalized for acute heart failure. The patient has a 20-year history of alcoholism and was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) 5 years ago. Physical examination reveals ascites and engorged paraumbilical veins as well as 3+ pitting edema around both ankles. Liver function tests show e... | Pioglitazone | {
"A": "Glargine",
"B": "Glipizide",
"C": "Metformin",
"D": "Pioglitazone"
} | step1 | D | [
"55 year old male",
"hospitalized",
"acute heart failure",
"patient",
"20 year history of alcoholism",
"diagnosed",
"diabetes mellitus type 2",
"years",
"Physical examination reveals ascites",
"engorged paraumbilical veins",
"3",
"pitting edema",
"ankles",
"Liver function tests show elevat... |
A 67-year-old man with hypertension comes to the physician because of a 5-month history of a facial rash. He occasionally feels burning or stinging over the affected area. His only medication is lisinopril. Physical examination shows the findings in the photograph. Which of the following is the strongest predisposing f... | Alcohol consumption | {
"A": "Cutibacterium colonization",
"B": "Lisinopril therapy",
"C": "Alcohol consumption",
"D": "Filaggrin gene mutation"
} | step1 | C | [
"67 year old man",
"hypertension",
"physician",
"5 month history",
"facial rash",
"occasionally feels burning",
"stinging",
"affected area",
"only medication",
"lisinopril",
"Physical examination shows",
"findings",
"photograph",
"following",
"strongest predisposing factor",
"patient's... |
A 65-year-old woman comes to the physician for the evaluation of sharp, stabbing pain in the lower back for 3 weeks. The pain radiates to the back of her right leg and is worse at night. She reports decreased sensation around her buttocks and inner thighs. During the last several days, she has had trouble urinating. Th... | Cauda equina syndrome | {
"A": "Cauda equina syndrome",
"B": "Central cord syndrome",
"C": "Brown-sequard syndrome",
"D": "Anterior spinal cord syndrome"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"65 year old woman",
"physician",
"evaluation",
"sharp",
"stabbing pain",
"lower back",
"3 weeks",
"pain radiates",
"back of",
"right leg",
"worse",
"night",
"reports decreased sensation",
"buttocks",
"inner thighs",
"last",
"days",
"Three years",
"diagnosed",
"breast cancer",
... |
A 9-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with a 12 hour history of severe vomiting and increased sleepiness. He experienced high fever and muscle pain about 5 days prior to presentation, and his parents gave him an over the counter medication to control the fever at that time. On presentation, he is found ... | Cerebral edema | {
"A": "Bacterial sepsis",
"B": "Cerebral edema",
"C": "Drug overdose",
"D": "Viral meningitis"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old boy presents",
"emergency department",
"12 hour history",
"severe vomiting",
"increased sleepiness",
"experienced high fever",
"muscle pain",
"5 days",
"presentation",
"parents gave",
"over the counter medication to control",
"fever",
"time",
"presentation",
"found to",
"afeb... |
A 15-year-old boy presents to the emergency room with severe lower abdominal pain that awoke him from sleep about 3 hours ago. The pain is sharp and radiates to his left thigh. While in the emergency room, the patient experiences one episode of vomiting. His temperature is 99.3°F (37.4°C), blood pressure is 126/81 mmHg... | Surgical exploration | {
"A": "CT scan of abdomen and pelvis",
"B": "IV antibiotics",
"C": "Observation and morphine",
"D": "Surgical exploration"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old boy presents",
"emergency room",
"severe lower abdominal pain",
"awoke",
"sleep",
"3 hours",
"pain",
"sharp",
"radiates",
"left thigh",
"emergency room",
"patient experiences one episode of vomiting",
"temperature",
"99",
"4C",
"blood pressure",
"81 mmHg",
"pulse",
"min... |
A 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of increasing pain in his right leg for 2 months. The pain persists throughout the day and is not relieved by rest. He tried taking acetaminophen, but it provided no relief from his symptoms. There is no family history of serious illness. He does not smoke. He occasional... | Impaired hearing | {
"A": "Renal insufficiency",
"B": "High-output cardiac failure",
"C": "Osteosarcoma",
"D": "Impaired hearing"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"62 year old man",
"physician",
"of increasing pain in",
"right leg",
"2 months",
"pain",
"day",
"not relieved by rest",
"taking acetaminophen",
"provided",
"relief",
"symptoms",
"family history",
"serious illness",
"not smoke",
"occasionally drinks",
"beer",
"Vital signs",
"norm... |
A 37-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for bilateral nipple discharge. The patient states that she has observed a milky discharge coming from her nipples for the past month. On review of systems, the patient states that she has felt fatigued lately and has experienced decreased libido. She also endo... | Protein-secreting CNS mass | {
"A": "Autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland",
"B": "Protein-secreting CNS mass",
"C": "Dopamine blockade in the tuberoinfundibular pathway",
"D": "Normal pregnancy"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old woman presents",
"primary care physician",
"bilateral nipple discharge",
"patient states",
"observed",
"milky discharge",
"nipples",
"past month",
"review of systems",
"patient states",
"felt fatigued",
"experienced decreased libido",
"headaches",
"resolve",
"middle",
"day",
... |
A 29-year-old woman presents to a medical office complaining of fatigue, nausea, and vomiting for 1 week. Recently, the smell of certain foods makes her nauseous. Her symptoms are more pronounced in the mornings. The emesis is clear-to-yellow without blood. She has had no recent travel out of the country. The medical h... | Beta-HCG levels and a transvaginal ultrasound | {
"A": "Abdominal CT with contrast",
"B": "Beta-HCG levels and a transvaginal ultrasound",
"C": "Beta-HCG levels and a pelvic CT",
"D": "Abdominal x-ray"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"29 year old woman presents",
"medical office",
"fatigue",
"nausea",
"vomiting",
"1 week",
"Recently",
"smell",
"certain foods makes",
"nauseous",
"symptoms",
"more",
"mornings",
"emesis",
"clear",
"yellow",
"blood",
"recent travel out",
"country",
"medical history",
"signifi... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.