question stringlengths 66 3.58k | answer stringlengths 1 230 | options dict | meta_info stringclasses 2
values | answer_idx stringclasses 4
values | metamap_phrases listlengths 1 184 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A 42-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with abdominal pain. Her pain started last night during dinner and has persisted. This morning, the patient felt very ill and her husband called emergency medical services. The patient has a past medical history of obesity, diabetes, and depression. Her temperatu... | Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography | {
"A": "Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography",
"B": "FAST exam",
"C": "Nasogastric tube and NPO",
"D": "Supportive therapy followed by elective cholecystectomy"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"year old woman presents",
"emergency department",
"abdominal pain",
"pain started last night",
"dinner",
"morning",
"patient felt very ill",
"husband called emergency medical services",
"patient",
"past medical",
"diabetes",
"depression",
"temperature",
"blood pressure",
"90 65 mmHg",
... |
A 45-year-old female is undergoing renal transplantation for management of chronic renal failure secondary to glomerulonephritis. The transplant surgeon placed the donor kidney in the recipient and anastamosed the donor renal artery to the recipient's external iliac artery as well as the donor ureter to the recipient's... | Type II hypersensitivity reaction | {
"A": "Type I hypersensitivity reaction",
"B": "Type II hypersensitivity reaction",
"C": "Type III hypersensitivity reaction",
"D": "Graft-versus-host disease"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old female",
"renal",
"management",
"chronic",
"failure secondary to glomerulonephritis",
"transplant surgeon placed",
"donor kidney",
"recipient",
"donor renal",
"recipient's external iliac",
"donor ureter",
"recipient's bladder",
"removing",
"clamps",
"external iliac artery",
"... |
A 68-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after the onset of uncontrollable jerking movements of his arms and legs followed by loss of consciousness. His wife says that he seemed confused this morning and had a headache. Immediately before the shaking episode, he said that he smelled rotten eg... | Necrosis of the temporal lobes | {
"A": "Hemorrhage into the adrenal glands",
"B": "Necrosis of the temporal lobes",
"C": "Spore-forming, obligate anaerobic rods",
"D": "Cytoplasmic inclusions in cerebellar Purkinje cells"
} | step1 | B | [
"68 year old man",
"brought",
"emergency department 30 minutes",
"onset",
"jerking movements",
"arms",
"legs followed by loss of consciousness",
"wife",
"confused",
"morning",
"headache",
"Immediately",
"shaking episode",
"smelled",
"eggs",
"unresponsive",
"Cerebrospinal fluid",
"a... |
A 54-year-old man presents to the emergency department complaining of shortness of breath and fatigue for 1 day. He reports feeling increasingly tired. The medical records show a long history of intravenous drug abuse, and a past hospitalization for infective endocarditis 2 years ago. The echocardiography performed at ... | Obliterated x descent | {
"A": "Prominent y descent",
"B": "Obliterated x descent",
"C": "Decreased c waves",
"D": "Large a waves"
} | step1 | B | [
"54 year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"of shortness",
"breath",
"fatigue",
"1 day",
"reports feeling",
"tired",
"medical records show",
"long history of intravenous drug abuse",
"past hospitalization",
"infective endocarditis 2 years",
"echocardiography performed",
"time show... |
A 68-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife because of a 2-week history of progressive disorientation and a 1-day history of left-sided weakness and difficulty speaking. The wife reports that the patient had a minor fall 4 months ago, during which he may have hit his head. He has hypertension a... | Tearing of bridging veins | {
"A": "Damage to lenticulostriate arteries",
"B": "Injury to middle meningeal artery",
"C": "Embolus to middle cerebral artery",
"D": "Tearing of bridging veins"
} | step1 | D | [
"68 year old man",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"wife",
"2-week history",
"progressive disorientation",
"1-day history",
"left-sided weakness",
"difficulty speaking",
"wife reports",
"patient",
"minor fall",
"months",
"hit",
"head",
"hypertension",
"hyperlipidemia",
"drinks",... |
A 5-year-old boy with Down syndrome presents with his mother. The patient’s mother says that he isn’t playing or eating as much as he used to and seems lethargic. Expected developmental delays are present and stable. Physical examination reveals dry mucous membranes and abdominal distention with no tenderness to palpat... | Hirschsprung's disease | {
"A": "Pyloric stenosis",
"B": "Ulcerative colitis",
"C": "Incarcerated hernia",
"D": "Hirschsprung's disease"
} | step1 | D | [
"5 year old boy",
"Down syndrome presents",
"mother",
"patients mother",
"playing",
"eating",
"much",
"used",
"lethargic",
"Expected developmental delays",
"present",
"stable",
"Physical examination reveals dry mucous membranes",
"abdominal",
"tenderness",
"palpation",
"abdominal rad... |
A 27-year-old man with an unknown past medical history is brought to the emergency department acutely intoxicated. The patient was found passed out in a park covered in vomit and urine. His temperature is 99.0°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 107/68 mm Hg, pulse is 120/min, respiratory rate is 13/min, and oxygen saturatio... | Environmental antigen | {
"A": "Aspiration event",
"B": "Bacterial infection",
"C": "Elastic tissue destruction",
"D": "Environmental antigen"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"27 year old man",
"unknown past medical history",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"patient",
"found passed out",
"park covered",
"vomit",
"urine",
"temperature",
"99",
"blood pressure",
"68 mm Hg",
"pulse",
"min",
"respiratory rate",
"min",
"oxygen saturation",
"95",
"room ... |
A 24-year-old man presents to the emergency department for bloody stools. The patient states that he has had bloody diarrhea for the past 3 days without improvement. He recently returned from a camping trip where he drank stream water and admits to eating undercooked meats which included beef, chicken, pork, and salmon... | Escherichia coli | {
"A": "Campylobacter jejuni",
"B": "Colon cancer",
"C": "Escherichia coli",
"D": "Giardia lamblia"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"bloody stools",
"patient states",
"bloody diarrhea",
"past 3 days",
"improvement",
"recently returned",
"camping trip",
"drank stream water",
"admits",
"eating",
"meats",
"included beef",
"chicken",
"pork",
"salmon",
"patient's fath... |
A 53-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of an episode of lightheadedness and left arm weakness for the last hour. Her symptoms were preceded by tremors, palpitations, and diaphoresis. During the past 3 months, she has had increased appetite and has gained 6.8 kg (15 lbs). She has hypertension... | Insulinoma | {
"A": "Insulinoma",
"B": "Exogenous hypoglycemia",
"C": "Binge eating disorder",
"D": "Cushing's syndrome\n\""
} | step2&3 | A | [
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"emergency department",
"of",
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"past 3 months",
"increased appetite",
"gained",
"kg",
"lbs",
"hypertension",
"hyperlipidemia",
"anxiety ... |
A 56-year-old man presents to his primary care doctor to discuss his plans for diet and exercise. He currently has hypertension treated with thiazide diuretics but is otherwise healthy. On exam, his temperature is 98.8°F (37.1°C), blood pressure is 122/84 mmHg, pulse is 70/min, and respirations are 12/min. His weight i... | 275 | {
"A": "67",
"B": "122",
"C": "275",
"D": "324"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old man presents",
"primary care doctor to discuss",
"plans",
"diet",
"exercise",
"currently",
"hypertension treated with thiazide diuretics",
"healthy",
"exam",
"temperature",
"98",
"blood pressure",
"84 mmHg",
"pulse",
"70 min",
"respirations",
"min",
"weight",
"95",
"k... |
A 19-year-old man is rushed to the emergency department 30 minutes after diving head-first into a shallow pool of water from a cliff. He was placed on a spinal board and a rigid cervical collar was applied by the emergency medical technicians. On arrival, he is unconscious and withdraws all extremities to pain. His tem... | Rapid sequence intubation | {
"A": "CT scan of the spine",
"B": "X-ray of the cervical spine",
"C": "Rapid sequence intubation",
"D": "Rectal tone assessment"
} | step2&3 | C | [
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"emergency department 30 minutes",
"diving head-first",
"shallow pool",
"water",
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"placed",
"spinal board",
"rigid cervical collar",
"applied",
"emergency medical technicians",
"arrival",
"unconscious",
"withdraws",
"extremities",
"pain",
"temperat... |
A 72-year-old male with a past medical history significant for aortic stenosis and hypertension presents to the emergency department complaining of weakness for the past 3 weeks. He states that, apart from feeling weaker, he also has noted lightheadedness, pallor, and blood-streaked stools. The patient's vital signs ar... | Technetium-99 labelled erythrocyte scintigraphy | {
"A": "Nasogastric tube lavage",
"B": "Technetium-99 labelled erythrocyte scintigraphy",
"C": "Ultrasound of the abdomen",
"D": "CT of the abdomen"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"72 year old male",
"past medical history significant",
"aortic stenosis",
"hypertension presents",
"emergency department",
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"weeks",
"states",
"feeling weaker",
"noted lightheadedness",
"pallor",
"blood streaked stools",
"patient's vital signs",
"stable",
"acute dis... |
A 46-day-old baby is admitted to the pediatric ward with an elevated temperature, erosive periumbilical lesion, clear discharge from the umbilicus, and failure to thrive. She is the first child of a consanguineous couple born vaginally at 38 weeks gestation in an uncomplicated pregnancy. She was discharged home from th... | The patient’s leukocytes fail to adhere to the endothelium during their migration to the site of infection. | {
"A": "The patient’s leukocytes cannot interact with selectins expressed on the surface of endothelial cells.",
"B": "The patient’s leukocytes fail to adhere to the endothelium during their migration to the site of infection.",
"C": "There is excessive secretion of IL-2 in this patient.",
"D": "The patient has... | step1 | B | [
"day old baby",
"admitted",
"pediatric ward",
"elevated temperature",
"erosive periumbilical lesion",
"clear discharge",
"umbilicus",
"failure to thrive",
"first child",
"consanguineous couple born",
"weeks gestation",
"uncomplicated pregnancy",
"discharged home",
"nursery",
"first week"... |
An 8-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a 7-day history of a progressively worsening cough. The cough occurs in spells and consists of around 5–10 coughs in succession. After each spell he takes a deep, noisy breath. He has vomited occasionally following a bout of coughing. He had a runny nose for a we... | Administer oral azithromycin to all family members and Tdap vaccination to the father and mother | {
"A": "Administer oral azithromycin to the baby and father and Tdap vaccination to the father",
"B": "Administer oral azithromycin to all family members and Tdap vaccination to the father and mother",
"C": "Administer oral erythromycin to all family members and Tdap vaccination to the father",
"D": "Administer... | step2&3 | B | [
"year old boy",
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"7-day history",
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"cough occurs",
"spells",
"consists",
"510 coughs",
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"deep",
"noisy breath",
"vomited occasionally following",
"bout of coughing",
"runny nose",
"week",
"cough started",
"immunization rec... |
An investigator is studying the recycling of heme proteins in various cell types. Heat denaturation and high-performance liquid chromatography are used to carry out and observe the selective destruction of hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells. It is found that these cells are unable to regenerate new heme molecules.... | Mitochondria | {
"A": "Mitochondria",
"B": "Smooth endoplasmic reticulum",
"C": "Nucleus",
"D": "Peroxisomes"
} | step1 | A | [
"investigator",
"studying",
"recycling",
"heme proteins",
"various cell types",
"Heat denaturation",
"high-performance liquid chromatography",
"used to carry out",
"observe",
"selective destruction",
"hemoglobin molecules",
"red blood cells",
"found",
"cells",
"unable to regenerate new h... |
A 7-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents for worsening symptoms. The patient recently saw his pediatrician for an acute episode of sinusitis. At the time, the pediatrician prescribed decongestants and sent the patient home. Since then, the patient has developed a nasal discharge with worse... | Foreign body obstruction | {
"A": "Foreign body obstruction",
"B": "Nasopharyngeal carcinoma",
"C": "Septal perforation",
"D": "Sinusitis with bacterial superinfection"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"year old boy",
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"emergency department",
"parents",
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"patient recently saw",
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"pediatrician prescribed decongestants",
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"then",
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"worsening pain",
"... |
A 24-year-old woman delivers a girl by normal vaginal delivery, Apgar scores are 8 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes respectively. The newborn’s vitals are normal. On examination, the attending pediatrician finds a circular skin defect that measures 0.5 cm in diameter. The defect is hairless and extends into the dermis. The del... | Methimazole | {
"A": "Propylthiouracil",
"B": "Methimazole",
"C": "Propranolol",
"D": "Levothyroxine"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old woman delivers",
"girl",
"normal vaginal",
"Apgar scores",
"5 minutes",
"newborns",
"normal",
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"attending pediatrician finds",
"circular skin defect",
"measures 0.5",
"diameter",
"defect",
"extends",
"dermis",
"delivery",
"surgical instruments",
"area",
"p... |
A 63-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-day history of a painful rash on his right flank. Two years ago, he underwent cadaveric renal transplantation. Current medications include tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone. Examination shows an erythematous rash with grouped vesicles in a band-lik... | Sensory neuropathy | {
"A": "Sensory neuropathy",
"B": "Urinary retention",
"C": "Loss of vision",
"D": "Temporal lobe inflammation"
} | step1 | A | [
"63 year old man",
"physician",
"2-day history",
"painful rash",
"right flank",
"Two years",
"renal transplantation",
"Current medications include tacrolimus",
"mycophenolate mofetil",
"prednisone",
"Examination shows",
"erythematous rash",
"grouped vesicles",
"a band",
"distribution",
... |
A 16-year-old girl is brought to the emergency room with hyperextension of the cervical spine caused by a trampoline injury. After ruling out the possibility of hemorrhagic shock, she is diagnosed with quadriplegia with neurogenic shock. The physical examination is most likely to reveal which of the following constella... | Pulse: 56/min; blood pressure: 88/40 mm Hg; respirations: 22/min; loss of rectal tone on DRE; reduced muscle power and absence of sensations in the limbs | {
"A": "Pulse: 110/min; blood pressure: 88/50 mm Hg; respirations: 26/min; normal rectal tone on digital rectal examination (DRE); normal muscle power and sensations in the limbs",
"B": "Pulse: 99/min; blood pressure: 188/90 mm Hg; respirations: 33/min; loss of rectal tone on DRE; reduced muscle power and absence o... | step2&3 | C | [
"year old girl",
"brought",
"emergency room",
"hyperextension",
"cervical caused",
"trampoline injury",
"ruling out",
"possibility",
"hemorrhagic shock",
"diagnosed",
"quadriplegia",
"neurogenic shock",
"physical examination",
"most likely to reveal",
"following",
"findings"
] |
A 64-year-old woman presents to the clinic with a history of 3 fractures in the past year with the last one being last month. Her bone-density screening from last year reported a T-score of -3.1 and she was diagnosed with osteoporosis. She was advised to quit smoking and was asked to adapt to a healthy lifestyle to whi... | The patient must stay upright for at least 30 minutes after taking this medication | {
"A": "It is typically used as a second-line therapy for her condition after raloxifene",
"B": "The patient must stay upright for at least 30 minutes after taking this medication",
"C": "It can cause hot flashes, flu-like symptoms, and peripheral edema",
"D": "It should be stopped after 10 years due to the ris... | step2&3 | B | [
"64 year old woman presents",
"clinic",
"history of",
"fractures",
"past",
"one",
"last month",
"bone-density screening",
"year reported a T score",
"3 1",
"diagnosed",
"osteoporosis",
"to quit smoking",
"to adapt",
"healthy lifestyle",
"complied",
"calcium",
"vitamin D supplements... |
A 27-year-old woman comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. She feels well. She had a chlamydia infection at the age of 22 years that was treated. Her only medication is an oral contraceptive. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 6 years. She has recently been sexually active wit... | Perform HPV testing | {
"A": "Perform cervical biopsy",
"B": "Perform HPV testing",
"C": "Repeat cytology in 6 months",
"D": "Perform laser ablation"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"27 year old woman",
"physician",
"routine health maintenance examination",
"feels well",
"chlamydia infection",
"age",
"years",
"treated",
"only medication",
"oral contraceptive",
"smoked one pack",
"cigarettes daily",
"years",
"recently",
"sexually active",
"male partners",
"uses c... |
A 26-year-old pregnant woman (gravida 2, para 1) presents on her 25th week of pregnancy. Currently, she has no complaints. Her previous pregnancy was unremarkable. No abnormalities were detected on the previous ultrasound (US) examination at week 13 of pregnancy. She had normal results on the triple test. She is human ... | Cordocentesis | {
"A": "Fetoscopy",
"B": "Amniocentesis",
"C": "Cordocentesis",
"D": "Percutaneous fetal thoracentesis"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old pregnant woman",
"gravida 2",
"para 1",
"presents",
"week",
"pregnancy",
"Currently",
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"previous pregnancy",
"unremarkable",
"abnormalities",
"detected",
"previous ultrasound",
"examination",
"week",
"pregnancy",
"normal results",
"triple test",
"human immu... |
DNA replication is a highly complex process where replication occurs on both strands of DNA. On the leading strand of DNA, replication occurs uninteruppted, but on the lagging strand, replication is interrupted and occurs in fragments called Okazaki fragments. These fragments need to be joined, which of the following e... | DNA polymerase I | {
"A": "DNA gyrase",
"B": "DNA helicase",
"C": "DNA polymerase I",
"D": "DNA polymerase III"
} | step1 | C | [
"DNA replication",
"highly complex process",
"replication occurs",
"strands",
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"DNA",
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"lagging strand",
"replication",
"interrupted",
"occurs",
"fragments called Okazaki fragments",
"fragments need to",
"following enzymes",
"involved",
"s... |
A 3-day-old boy develops several episodes of complete body shaking while at the hospital. The episodes last for about 10–20 seconds. He has not had fever or trauma. He was born at 40 weeks' gestation and has been healthy. The mother did not follow-up with her gynecologist during her pregnancy on a regular basis. There ... | Maternal diabetes | {
"A": "Maternal diabetes",
"B": "Neonatal listeria infection",
"C": "Neonatal JAK2 mutation",
"D": "Maternal alcohol use during pregnancy"
} | step2&3 | A | [
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"several episodes of complete body shaking",
"hospital",
"episodes last",
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"not",
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"40 weeks",
"gestation",
"healthy",
"mother",
"not follow-up",
"gynecologist",
"pregnancy",
"regular basis",
"family history",
"serious illness"... |
A 3-month-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because of poor weight gain. She also reports a dusky blue discoloration to his skin during feedings and when crying. On examination, there is a harsh, systolic murmur heard over the left upper sternal border. An x-ray of the chest is shown below. Which of the... | Right ventricular outflow obstruction | {
"A": "Hypoplasia of the left ventricle",
"B": "Narrowing of the distal aortic arch",
"C": "Right ventricular outflow obstruction",
"D": "Anatomic reversal of aorta and pulmonary artery"
} | step1 | C | [
"3 month old boy",
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"physician",
"mother",
"poor weight gain",
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"examination",
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"systolic murmur heard",
"left upper sternal border",
"x-ray of",
"chest",
"shown",
"following",
"most likely caus... |
A 35-year-old male presents to his primary care physician with pain along the bottom of his foot. The patient is a long-time runner but states that the pain has been getting worse recently. He states that when running and at rest he has a burning and aching pain along the bottom of his foot that sometimes turns to numb... | Tarsal tunnel syndrome | {
"A": "Common fibular nerve compression",
"B": "Herniated disc",
"C": "Tarsal tunnel syndrome",
"D": "Plantar fasciitis"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"35 year old male presents",
"primary care physician",
"pain",
"bottom of",
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"patient",
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"getting worse recently",
"states",
"running",
"rest",
"burning",
"aching pain",
"bottom of",
"foot",
"sometimes turns to numbness",
"Taking time",
"tra... |
A previously healthy 64-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a dry cough and progressively worsening shortness of breath for the past 2 months. She has not had fever, chills, or night sweats. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for the past 45 years. She appears thin. Examination of the lung shows a... | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | {
"A": "Bronchiectasis",
"B": "Hypersensitivity pneumonitis",
"C": "Interstitial lung disease",
"D": "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
} | step1 | D | [
"healthy 64 year old woman",
"physician",
"dry cough",
"worsening shortness of breath",
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"months",
"not",
"fever",
"chills",
"night sweats",
"smoked one pack",
"cigarettes daily",
"past",
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"appears thin",
"Examination",
"lung shows",
"prolonged expiratory phase",
"... |
A 33-year-old man presents to the clinic complaining of multiple painful joints for the past 2 weeks. The patient notes no history of trauma or any joint disorders. The patient states that he is generally healthy except for a recent emergency room visit for severe bloody diarrhea, which has resolved. On further questio... | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or immunosuppressants | {
"A": "Intravenous (IV) antibiotics",
"B": "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or immunosuppressants",
"C": "Serology for rheumatoid factor",
"D": "Prostate biopsy"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old man presents",
"clinic",
"multiple painful joints",
"past 2 weeks",
"patient notes",
"history",
"trauma",
"joint disorders",
"patient states",
"healthy",
"recent emergency room visit",
"severe bloody",
"resolved",
"further questioning",
"patient admits",
"discomfort",
"urin... |
A 28-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with lateral knee pain that started this morning. The patient is a college student who is currently on the basketball team. She states her pain started after she twisted her knee. Her current medications include albuterol and ibuprofen. The patient's vitals are w... | Iliotibial band syndrome | {
"A": "Iliotibial band syndrome",
"B": "Lateral collateral ligament injury",
"C": "Musculoskeletal strain",
"D": "Pes anserine bursitis"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"year old woman presents",
"emergency department",
"lateral knee pain",
"started",
"morning",
"patient",
"college student",
"currently",
"basketball team",
"states",
"pain started",
"twisted",
"knee",
"current medications include albuterol",
"ibuprofen",
"patient's",
"normal limits",... |
A 56-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. One month ago, he was diagnosed with a focal seizure and treatment with a drug that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels was begun. Today, he reports that he has not had any abnormal body movements, but he has noticed occasional double vision. His se... | Carbamazepine | {
"A": "Carbamazepine",
"B": "Levetiracetam",
"C": "Gabapentin",
"D": "Lamotrigine"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old man",
"physician",
"follow-up examination",
"One month",
"diagnosed",
"focal seizure",
"treatment",
"drug",
"blocks voltage-gated sodium channels",
"begun",
"Today",
"reports",
"not",
"abnormal body movements",
"occasional double vision",
"serum sodium",
"mEq/L",
"alanine... |
A 22-year-old woman comes to the physician to discuss the prescription of an oral contraceptive. She has no history of major medical illness and takes no medications. She does not smoke cigarettes. She is sexually active with her boyfriend and has been using condoms for contraception. Physical examination shows no abno... | Inhibition of rise in luteinizing hormone | {
"A": "Thickening of cervical mucus",
"B": "Inhibition of rise in luteinizing hormone",
"C": "Suppression of ovarian folliculogenesis",
"D": "Increase of sex-hormone binding globulin"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old woman",
"physician to discuss",
"prescription",
"oral contraceptive",
"history of major medical illness",
"takes",
"medications",
"not smoke cigarettes",
"sexually active",
"boyfriend",
"using condoms",
"contraception",
"Physical examination shows",
"abnormalities",
"prescribed... |
A 13-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother because of vomiting and severe testicular pain for 3 hours. The boy has had 4–5 episodes of vomiting during this period. He has never had a similar episode in the past and takes no medications. His father died of testicular cancer at the age of 50. ... | Surgical exploration of the scrotum | {
"A": "Urine dipstick",
"B": "Surgical exploration of the scrotum",
"C": "Close observation",
"D": "Ceftriaxone and doxycycline therapy"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old boy",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"mother",
"vomiting",
"severe testicular",
"hours",
"boy",
"episodes of vomiting",
"period",
"never",
"similar episode",
"past",
"takes",
"medications",
"father died of testicular cancer",
"age",
"50",
"immunizations",
"date",
... |
A 32-year-old woman comes to the physician for a screening health examination that is required for scuba diving certification. The physician asks her to perform a breathing technique: following deep inspiration, she is instructed to forcefully exhale against a closed airway and contract her abdominal muscles while diff... | Decreased left ventricular stroke volume | {
"A": "Decreased systemic vascular resistance",
"B": "Decreased left ventricular stroke volume",
"C": "Decreased intra-abdominal pressure",
"D": "Decreased pulse rate"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old woman",
"physician",
"screening examination",
"required",
"scuba diving certification",
"physician",
"to perform",
"breathing technique",
"following deep inspiration",
"to",
"closed airway",
"contract",
"abdominal muscles",
"different cardiovascular parameters",
"evaluated",
... |
A 71-year-old man comes to the physician for a health maintenance examination. Aside from occasional lower back pain in the last couple of years, he feels well. He had a right-sided myocardial infarction 4 years ago. Currently, he has no shortness of breath and has no anginal symptoms. He has a 30 pack-year history of ... | Whole-body CT scan | {
"A": "Bone densitometry",
"B": "Rectal biopsy",
"C": "Echocardiography",
"D": "Whole-body CT scan"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"71 year old man",
"physician",
"health maintenance examination",
"occasional lower back pain in",
"couple",
"years",
"feels well",
"right-sided myocardial infarction",
"years",
"Currently",
"shortness of breath",
"anginal symptoms",
"30 pack-year history of smoking",
"stopped smoking 10 y... |
A 75-year-old man presents to his primary care provider with malaise and low-grade fever after he underwent a cystoscopy for recurrent cystitis and pyelonephritis two weeks ago. His past medical history is significant for coronary artery disease and asthma. His current medications include aspirin, metoprolol, atorvasta... | Enterococcus | {
"A": "Staphylococcus aureus",
"B": "Streptococcus gallolyticus",
"C": "Enterococcus",
"D": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa"
} | step1 | C | [
"75 year old man presents",
"primary care provider",
"malaise",
"low-grade fever",
"cystoscopy",
"recurrent cystitis",
"pyelonephritis two weeks",
"past medical history",
"significant",
"coronary artery disease",
"asthma",
"current medications include aspirin",
"metoprolol",
"atorvastatin"... |
A 15-month-old girl is brought to her primary care physician for a follow-up visit to receive the 4th dose of her DTaP vaccine. She is up-to-date on her vaccinations. She received her 1st dose of MMR, 1st dose of varicella, 3rd dose of HiB, 4th dose of PCV13, and 3rd dose of polio vaccine 3 months ago. Thirteen days af... | Administration of the DTaP vaccine as scheduled | {
"A": "Refrain from administration of the DTaP vaccine",
"B": "Administration of the DTaP vaccine with prophylactic aspirin",
"C": "Administration of the DTaP vaccine as scheduled",
"D": "Administration of a reduced-dose DTaP vaccine"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"month old girl",
"brought",
"primary care physician",
"follow-up visit to receive",
"4th dose of",
"DTaP vaccine",
"date",
"vaccinations",
"received",
"1st dose",
"MMR",
"1st dose",
"varicella",
"3rd dose",
"HiB",
"4th dose",
"3rd dose of polio vaccine 3 months",
"Thirteen days",
... |
A 46-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Current medications include metformin and lisinopril. He reports that he has adhered to his diet and medication regimen. His hemoglobin A1c is 8.6%. Insulin glargine is added to his medication regimen... | ↑ ↑ ↓ ↓ | {
"A": "↑ ↓ ↑ ↓",
"B": "↑ ↑ ↓ ↓",
"C": "↓ ↓ ↑ ↑",
"D": "↑ ↓ ↑ ↑"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old man",
"physician",
"follow-up examination",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"hypertension",
"Current medications include metformin",
"lisinopril",
"reports",
"adhered",
"diet",
"medication regimen",
"hemoglobin A1c",
"8.6",
"Insulin glargine",
"added",
"medication regimen",
"fo... |
A 39-year-old woman with multiple sclerosis comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. Over the past 3 years, she has been hospitalized 7 times for acute exacerbations of her illness. She has not responded to therapy with several disease-modifying agents and has required at least two pulse corticosteroid thera... | """I'm very sorry to hear that you feel this way about your situation. With all that you've been through, I can see why you would be so frustrated.""" | {
"A": "\"\"\"While I completely understand your hopelessness about the lack of improvement, not taking your medication as instructed is only going to make things worse.\"\"\"",
"B": "\"\"\"I'm very sorry to hear that you feel this way about your situation. With all that you've been through, I can see why you would... | step1 | B | [
"year old woman",
"multiple sclerosis",
"physician",
"follow-up examination",
"past",
"years",
"hospitalized",
"times",
"acute exacerbations",
"illness",
"not",
"therapy",
"several disease modifying agents",
"required",
"two pulse corticosteroid therapies",
"year",
"seen several spec... |
A 60-year-old man comes to the emergency room for a persistent painful erection for the last 5 hours. He has a history of sickle cell trait, osteoarthritis, insomnia, social anxiety disorder, gout, type 2 diabetes mellitus, major depressive disorder, and hypertension. He drinks 1 can of beer daily, and smokes marijuana... | Trazodone | {
"A": "Trazodone",
"B": "Marijuana use",
"C": "Citalopram",
"D": "Propranolol"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"60 year old man",
"emergency room",
"persistent painful",
"hours",
"history",
"sickle cell trait",
"osteoarthritis",
"insomnia",
"social anxiety disorder",
"gout",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"major depressive disorder",
"hypertension",
"drinks 1",
"beer daily",
"smokes marijuana",
... |
A 60-year-old man presents with severe chronic neck pain. 6 months ago, the patient was in a motor vehicle accident where he sustained a severe whiplash injury. Initial radiographs were negative for fractures, and he was treated with cyclobenzaprine and tramadol and discharged with outpatient follow-up. He says that de... | Admission into the hospital | {
"A": "Admission into the hospital",
"B": "Treat the patient with outpatient pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy only",
"C": "Treat the the patient with outpatient psychotherapy only",
"D": "Work with local police to confiscate the gun and release the patient home"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"60 year old man presents",
"severe chronic neck pain",
"months",
"patient",
"motor vehicle accident",
"sustained",
"severe whiplash injury",
"Initial radiographs",
"negative",
"fractures",
"treated with cyclobenzaprine",
"tramadol",
"discharged",
"outpatient follow-up",
"compliant",
"... |
A 7-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of photophobia and pruritus on the periocular area of the right eye for the last 2 days. He also had crusts over the eyelashes of the right eye that morning. The boy has a history of asthma and atopic dermatitis. His medications include inhaled steroids an... | Herpes simplex virus | {
"A": "Molluscum contagiosum virus",
"B": "Adenovirus",
"C": "Staphylococcus aureus",
"D": "Herpes simplex virus"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old boy",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"photophobia",
"pruritus",
"periocular area",
"right",
"last 2 days",
"crusts",
"eyelashes",
"right eye",
"morning",
"boy",
"history of asthma",
"atopic dermatitis",
"medications include inhaled steroids",
"salbutamol",
"Vital sign... |
A 70-year-old man presents for a routine checkup. He says that he recently completely lost hearing in both ears and has been having occasional flare-ups of osteoarthritis in his hands and hips. Past medical history is significant for hypertension diagnosed 25 years ago that is well controlled. Family history is signifi... | Osteosarcoma | {
"A": "Pulmonary metastasis",
"B": "Cushing syndrome",
"C": "Hypoparathyroidism",
"D": "Osteosarcoma"
} | step1 | D | [
"70 year old man presents",
"routine checkup",
"recently completely lost hearing",
"ears",
"occasional flare-ups",
"osteoarthritis",
"hands",
"hips",
"Past medical history",
"significant",
"hypertension diagnosed",
"years",
"well controlled",
"Family history",
"significant",
"brother",... |
A six year-old female presents for evaluation of dry skin, fatigue, sensitivity to cold and constipation. The patient’s mother recalls that the patient had surgery to remove a “benign mass” at the base of her tongue 3 months ago because of trouble swallowing. What was the likely cause of the surgically removed mass? | Failed caudal migration of the thyroid gland | {
"A": "Radiation exposure",
"B": "Iodine deficiency",
"C": "Failed caudal migration of the thyroid gland",
"D": "Failed fusion of the palatine shelves with the nasal septum"
} | step1 | C | [
"six year old female presents",
"evaluation",
"dry",
"fatigue",
"sensitivity to cold",
"constipation",
"patients mother recalls",
"patient",
"surgery to remove",
"benign mass",
"base of",
"tongue",
"months",
"swallowing",
"likely cause",
"surgically removed mass"
] |
During normal respiration in the lungs, oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is released. The oxygen is used in cells as the final electron acceptor during oxidative phosphorylation, and carbon dioxide is generated during each turn of the tricarboxylic citric acid cycle (TCA). Which of the followi... | Isocitrate to alpha ketoglutarate | {
"A": "Citrate to isocitrate",
"B": "Isocitrate to alpha ketoglutarate",
"C": "Succinyl-CoA to succinate",
"D": "Malate to oxaloacetate"
} | step1 | B | [
"normal respiration",
"lungs",
"oxygen",
"bloodstream",
"carbon dioxide",
"released",
"oxygen",
"used",
"cells",
"final electron acceptor",
"oxidative phosphorylation",
"carbon dioxide",
"generated",
"turn",
"tricarboxylic citric acid cycle",
"following steps",
"TCA",
"molecule",
... |
A 46-year-old man presents to the emergency room after an industrial accident at a plastic manufacturer with altered consciousness, headache, shortness of breath, and abdominal pain. The vital signs include: blood pressure 145/80 mm Hg, heart rate 111/min, respiratory rate 27/min, and temperature 37.0℃ (98.6℉). The blo... | Cytochrome C oxidase | {
"A": "Cytochrome C oxidase",
"B": "Lactate dehydrogenase",
"C": "Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase",
"D": "Fumarase"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old man presents",
"emergency room",
"industrial accident",
"plastic manufacturer",
"altered consciousness",
"headache",
"shortness of breath",
"abdominal pain",
"vital signs include",
"blood pressure",
"80 mm Hg",
"heart rate",
"min",
"respiratory rate 27 min",
"temperature",
"0... |
A 57-year-old woman comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. She has well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus, for which she takes metformin. She is 163 cm (5 ft 4 in) tall and weighs 84 kg (185 lb); BMI is 31.6 kg/m2. Her blood pressure is 140/92 mm Hg. Physical examination shows central ob... | Liver cirrhosis | {
"A": "Osteoporosis",
"B": "Liver cirrhosis",
"C": "Subarachnoid hemorrhage",
"D": "Rheumatoid arthritis"
} | step1 | B | [
"57 year old woman",
"physician",
"routine health maintenance examination",
"well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"takes metformin",
"5 ft 4",
"tall",
"84 kg",
"BMI",
"31",
"kg/m2",
"blood pressure",
"mm Hg",
"Physical examination shows central obesity",
"waist circumference",
"9... |
A 38-year-old woman presented to a clinic because of dementia, hemiparesis, ataxia, aphasia, and dysarthria that developed over the last 5 days. She had a 15-year history of intravenous drug abuse and was treated for fever, cough, and shortness of breath before the onset of neurological symptoms. Her MRI shows multiple... | A double-stranded circular DNA virus | {
"A": "A double-stranded circular DNA virus",
"B": "A proteinaceous infectious particle",
"C": "An autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease",
"D": "Autoimmune attack of myelin sheaths"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"year old woman presented",
"clinic",
"dementia",
"hemiparesis",
"ataxia",
"aphasia",
"dysarthria",
"5 days",
"year history of intravenous drug abuse",
"treated",
"fever",
"cough",
"shortness of breath",
"onset",
"neurological symptoms",
"MRI shows multiple white matter lesions",
"se... |
A 55-year-old man presents to the emergency department with shortness of breath and fatigue. His symptoms began insidiously and progressively worsened over the course of a month. He becomes short of breath when climbing the stairs or performing low-intensity exercises. He also needs to rest on multiple pillows in order... | Enterovirus | {
"A": "Alcohol use",
"B": "Cocaine use",
"C": "Enterovirus",
"D": "Medication side-effect"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"55 year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"shortness of breath",
"fatigue",
"symptoms began",
"worsened",
"course",
"month",
"short of breath",
"climbing",
"stairs",
"low-intensity exercises",
"needs to rest",
"multiple pillows",
"order",
"sleep",
"few weeks",
"fever",
... |
A 71-year-old man with hypertension is taken to the emergency department after the sudden onset of stabbing abdominal pain that radiates to the back. He has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for 20 years. His pulse is 120/min and thready, respirations are 18/min, and blood pressure is 82/54 mm Hg. Physical examination ... | Aortic wall stress | {
"A": "Aortic wall stress",
"B": "Mesenteric atherosclerosis",
"C": "Abdominal wall defect",
"D": "Portal vein stasis"
} | step1 | A | [
"71 year old man",
"hypertension",
"taken",
"emergency department",
"sudden",
"stabbing abdominal",
"radiates",
"back",
"smoked 1 pack",
"cigarettes daily",
"20 years",
"pulse",
"min",
"thready",
"respirations",
"min",
"blood pressure",
"54 mm Hg",
"Physical examination shows",
... |
A 75-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of upper abdominal pain, nausea, and sensation of early satiety. He has also had a 9.4-kg (20.7-lb) weight loss over the past 4 months. He has osteoarthritis. He drinks two beers every night with dinner. His only medication is ibuprofen. Esophagogast... | Dietary nitrates | {
"A": "Inflammatory bowel disease",
"B": "Low-fiber diet",
"C": "Dietary nitrates",
"D": "Blood type O"
} | step1 | C | [
"75 year old man",
"physician",
"3 month history",
"upper abdominal pain",
"nausea",
"sensation",
"early satiety",
"kg",
"20",
"weight loss",
"past",
"months",
"osteoarthritis",
"drinks two beers",
"night",
"dinner",
"only medication",
"ibuprofen",
"Esophagogastroduodenoscopy sho... |
A 48-year-old male presents to his primary physician with the chief complaints of fever, abdominal pain, weight loss, muscle weakness, and numbness in his lower extremities. UA is normal. A biopsy of the sural nerve reveals transmural inflammation and fibrinoid necrosis of small and medium arteries. Chart review reveal... | Polyarteritis nodosa | {
"A": "Polyarteritis nodosa",
"B": "Microscopic polyangiitis",
"C": "Thromboangiitis obliterans",
"D": "Raynaud disease"
} | step1 | A | [
"48 year old male presents",
"primary physician",
"chief complaints",
"fever",
"abdominal pain",
"weight loss",
"muscle weakness",
"numbness",
"lower extremities",
"UA",
"normal",
"biopsy of",
"sural nerve reveals transmural inflammation",
"fibrinoid necrosis",
"small",
"medium arterie... |
A 3-day-old girl is brought to the general pediatrics clinic by her mother. She was the product of an uncomplicated, full-term, standard vaginal delivery after an uncomplicated pregnancy in which the mother received regular prenatal care. This morning, after changing the child's diaper, the mother noticed that the newb... | No tests are needed | {
"A": "Order a karyotype",
"B": "Begin a workup for 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency",
"C": "Begin a workup for 21-hydroxylase deficiency",
"D": "No tests are needed"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"3 day old girl",
"brought",
"general pediatrics clinic",
"mother",
"product",
"uncomplicated",
"full-term",
"standard vaginal",
"uncomplicated pregnancy",
"mother received regular prenatal care",
"morning",
"changing",
"child's diaper",
"mother",
"newborn",
"non purulent vaginal disch... |
A pilot study is conducted to determine the therapeutic response of a new antidepressant drug in patients with persistent depressive disorder. Twelve participants are randomized into a control and a treatment group (n=6 patients in each). They are asked to subjectively rate the severity of their depression from 1 (low)... | 0.5 | {
"A": "0.7",
"B": "0.5",
"C": "1",
"D": "2"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"pilot study",
"conducted to",
"therapeutic response",
"new antidepressant drug",
"patients",
"persistent depressive disorder",
"Twelve participants",
"randomized",
"control",
"treatment group",
"n",
"patients",
"to",
"rate",
"severity",
"depression",
"1",
"low",
"10",
"high",
... |
A 6-year-old boy with a history of multiple fractures is brought to his pediatrician by his mother, because she is concerned her child cannot hear her. On physical exam, kyphoscoliosis, poor dentition, bowing of long bones, and conductive hearing loss is noted. On genetic analysis, the patient has a COL1A1 gene mutatio... | Sclera | {
"A": "Blood vessels",
"B": "Vitreous body of the eye",
"C": "Lens",
"D": "Sclera"
} | step1 | D | [
"year old boy",
"history of multiple fractures",
"brought",
"pediatrician",
"mother",
"concerned",
"child",
"hear",
"physical exam",
"kyphoscoliosis",
"poor dentition",
"bowing of long bones",
"conductive hearing loss",
"noted",
"genetic analysis",
"patient",
"COL1A1 gene",
"defect... |
A 43-year-old man presents with the complaint of pain in the small joints of his left hand. The pain is intermittent and cramping in nature in his 2nd and 3rd metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. It has progressively worsened over the past few weeks. He also reports that he has felt thirsty more often and has urinated mor... | Hepcidin | {
"A": "Pyridoxine",
"B": "Hepcidin",
"C": "Ceruloplasmin",
"D": "α1-antitrypsin"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old man presents",
"complaint",
"pain",
"small joints of",
"left hand",
"pain",
"intermittent",
"cramping",
"nature",
"2nd",
"3rd metacarpophalangeal",
"joints",
"worsened",
"past",
"weeks",
"reports",
"felt thirsty",
"often",
"more frequently",
"past",
"weeks",
"deni... |
A 26-year-old man is brought to the hospital by his wife who complains that her husband has been behaving oddly for the past few hours. The patient’s wife says that she has known him for only 4 months. The wife is unable to give any past medical history. The patient’s speech is difficult to follow, and he seems very di... | Dopamine receptor blocking | {
"A": "Dopamine receptor blocking",
"B": "Serotonin reuptake inhibition",
"C": "Agonistic effect on dopamine receptors",
"D": "Skeletal muscle relaxation"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old man",
"brought",
"hospital",
"wife",
"husband",
"past",
"hours",
"patients wife",
"known",
"only",
"months",
"wife",
"unable to give",
"past medical history",
"patients speech",
"difficult to follow",
"very",
"15 minutes",
"agitated",
"starts to",
"head",
"nearby"... |
A 64-year-old man who has not seen a physician in over 20 years presents to your office complaining of recently worsening fatigue and weakness, a decreased appetite, distended abdomen, and easy bruising. His family history is notable for a mother with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, a sister with lupus and a brother with type... | Decreased liver synthetic function | {
"A": "Urinary loss of thyroxine-binding globulin due to nephrotic syndrome",
"B": "Acute hepatitis causing an elevation in thyroxine-binding globulin",
"C": "Transient central hypothyroidism (sick euthyroid syndrome)",
"D": "Decreased liver synthetic function"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"64 year old man",
"not seen",
"physician",
"20 years presents",
"office",
"recently worsening fatigue",
"weakness",
"decreased appetite",
"distended abdomen",
"easy bruising",
"family history",
"notable",
"mother",
"Hashimoto's thyroiditis",
"sister",
"lupus",
"brother",
"type II ... |
A 45-year-old woman, suspected of having colon cancer, is advised to undergo a contrast-CT scan of the abdomen. She has no comorbidities and no significant past medical history. There is also no history of drug allergy. However, she reports that she is allergic to certain kinds of seafood. After tests confirm normal re... | Inject epinephrine 1:1000, followed by steroids and antihistamines | {
"A": "Perform IV resuscitation with colloids",
"B": "Administer broad-spectrum IV antibiotics",
"C": "Administer vasopressors (norepinephrine and dopamine)",
"D": "Inject epinephrine 1:1000, followed by steroids and antihistamines"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old woman",
"suspected",
"colon cancer",
"to",
"contrast",
"abdomen",
"comorbidities",
"significant past medical history",
"history of drug allergy",
"reports",
"allergic",
"certain kinds",
"seafood",
"tests confirm normal renal function",
"taken",
"CT scan room",
"dye",
"inj... |
A 41-year-old man presents to the emergency department because of brownish discoloration of his urine for the last several days. The review of symptoms includes complaints of increasing abdominal girth, early satiety, and difficulty breathing on exertion. The past medical history includes essential hypertension for 19 ... | Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease | {
"A": "Renal cell carcinoma",
"B": "Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome",
"C": "Simple kidney cyst",
"D": "Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"discoloration",
"urine",
"last",
"days",
"review",
"symptoms includes complaints",
"increasing abdominal",
"early satiety",
"difficulty breathing",
"exertion",
"past medical history includes essential hypertension",
"years",
"medication l... |
A 10-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with a swollen and painful elbow after accidentally bumping his arm into the kitchen table. His mom notes that he seems to bruise and bleed easily, but this is the first time he has had a swollen joint. She also remembers that her uncle had a bleeding disorder, but... | Factor VIII replacement | {
"A": "Factor VIII replacement",
"B": "Intravenous immunoglobulin",
"C": "Platelet administration",
"D": "Vitamin K supplementation"
} | step1 | A | [
"A 10 year old boy presents",
"emergency department",
"swollen",
"painful elbow",
"arm",
"kitchen table",
"mom notes",
"bruise",
"bleed easily",
"first time",
"swollen joint",
"remembers",
"uncle",
"bleeding disorder",
"remember",
"diagnosis",
"Physical exam reveals",
"warm",
"te... |
A 35-year-old woman is involved in a car accident and presents with an open fracture of the left femur and severe bleeding from the left femoral artery. No past medical history or current medications. Her blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg, pulse is 110/min, and respirations are 21/min. On physical examination, the patient ... | This patient’s laboratory findings will likely demonstrate a normocytic anemia | {
"A": "Her reticulocyte count is expected to be lower than normal",
"B": "Hemoglobin levels are expected to be low right after the accident",
"C": "Hematocrit is expected to be low right after the accident",
"D": "This patient’s laboratory findings will likely demonstrate a normocytic anemia"
} | step1 | D | [
"35 year old woman",
"involved",
"car accident",
"presents",
"open fracture of",
"left femur",
"severe bleeding",
"left femoral artery",
"past medical history",
"current medications",
"blood pressure",
"90 60 mm Hg",
"pulse",
"min",
"respirations",
"min",
"physical examination",
"p... |
A 72-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after an episode of hemoptysis. He has a chronic cough that is productive of copious sputum. Six years ago, he had a stroke that left him with difficulty swallowing. He smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 40 years, but quit 2 years ago. His respirations are 2... | Bronchiectasis | {
"A": "Chronic bronchitis",
"B": "Aspiration pneumonia",
"C": "Emphysema",
"D": "Bronchiectasis"
} | step1 | D | [
"72 year old man",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"episode of hemoptysis",
"chronic cough",
"productive",
"copious",
"Six years",
"stroke",
"left",
"difficulty swallowing",
"smoked one pack",
"cigarettes daily",
"40 years",
"quit",
"years",
"respirations",
"min",
"labored",
... |
A 14-year-old boy has undergone kidney transplantation due to stage V chronic kidney disease. A pre-transplantation serologic assessment showed that he is negative for past or present HIV infection, viral hepatitis, EBV, and CMV infection. He has a known allergy for macrolides. The patient has no complaints 1 day after... | Basiliximab | {
"A": "Sirolimus",
"B": "Basiliximab",
"C": "Belatacept",
"D": "Omalizumab"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old boy",
"kidney due to stage V chronic",
"disease",
"pre transplantation serologic assessment showed",
"negative",
"past",
"present HIV",
"viral hepatitis",
"EBV",
"CMV infection",
"known allergy",
"macrolides",
"patient",
"complaints 1 day",
"transplantation",
"vital signs inc... |
A 2-year-old boy presents with multiple skin abscesses caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Past medical history is significant for recurrent infections by the same organism. The nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test demonstrates an inability to kill microbes. Which of the following defect is most likely responsible for the fin... | Inability to generate the microbicidal respiratory burst | {
"A": "Deficiency of CD40L on activated T cells",
"B": "Tyrosine kinase deficiency blocking B cell maturation",
"C": "Inability to generate the microbicidal respiratory burst",
"D": "Inability to fuse lysosomes with phagosomes"
} | step1 | C | [
"2 year old boy presents",
"multiple skin caused",
"Staphylococcus aureus",
"Past medical history",
"significant",
"recurrent infections",
"same organism",
"nitroblue tetrazolium",
"test demonstrates",
"to kill microbes",
"following defect",
"most likely responsible",
"findings",
"patient"... |
An 8-year-old boy presents to the physician with complaints that he is persistently experiencing sickness and clumsiness with multiple episodes of pneumonia and diarrhea. He also says that he has trouble seeing things well in the dark. Other symptoms include white patches (keratinized epithelium) on the sclerotic coat ... | Deficiency of vitamin A | {
"A": "Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) type 1",
"B": "Autoimmune neutropenia",
"C": "Deficiency of vitamin A",
"D": "Congenital rubella"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old boy presents",
"physician",
"complaints",
"persistently experiencing sickness",
"clumsiness",
"multiple episodes of pneumonia",
"diarrhea",
"seeing things well",
"dark",
"symptoms include white patches",
"keratinized epithelium",
"sclerotic coat",
"protection",
"covering",
"eye... |
A previously healthy 4-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of a 1-day history of pain and swelling of his left knee joint. He has not had any trauma to the knee. His family history is unremarkable except for a bleeding disorder in his maternal uncle. His temperature is 36.9°C (98.4°F). The left ... | Prolonged partial thromboplastin time | {
"A": "Elevated antinuclear antibody levels",
"B": "Decreased platelet count",
"C": "Prolonged partial thromboplastin time",
"D": "Synovial fluid leukocytosis"
} | step1 | C | [
"healthy",
"year old boy",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"1-day history",
"pain",
"swelling of",
"left knee joint",
"not",
"trauma",
"knee",
"family history",
"unremarkable",
"bleeding disorder",
"maternal uncle",
"temperature",
"36",
"98 4F",
"left knee",
"erythematous",
... |
A 30-year-old male visits you in the clinic complaining of chronic abdominal pain and diarrhea following milk intake. Gastrointestinal histology of this patient's condition is most similar to which of the following? | No GI disease | {
"A": "Celiac disease",
"B": "Crohns disease",
"C": "Tropical sprue",
"D": "No GI disease"
} | step1 | D | [
"30 year old male visits",
"clinic",
"chronic pain",
"diarrhea following milk intake",
"Gastrointestinal histology",
"patient's",
"most similar"
] |
A 28-year-old man presents to the Emergency Department after a window he was installing fell on him. The patient complains of left ocular pain, blurred vision, and obscured lower portion of the left visual field. The patient’s vital signs are as follows: blood pressure 140/80 mm Hg, heart rate 88/min, respiratory rate ... | Systemic administration of vancomycin and levofloxacin | {
"A": "Ultrasound examination of the left eye",
"B": "Examination of the fundus with a tropicamide application",
"C": "Placing an ocular pad onto the affected eye",
"D": "Systemic administration of vancomycin and levofloxacin"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old man presents",
"Emergency Department",
"window",
"fell",
"patient",
"left ocular pain",
"blurred vision",
"lower portion",
"left visual field",
"patients vital signs",
"follows",
"blood pressure",
"80 mm Hg",
"heart rate 88 min",
"respiratory rate",
"min",
"temperature 36",... |
While attending a holiday party, a 35-year-old widow noticed a male who physically resembled her deceased husband. She introduced herself and began a conversation with the male while making sure not to make mention of the resemblance. After the conversation, she felt feelings of affection and warmth to the male similar... | Transference | {
"A": "Transference",
"B": "Countertransference",
"C": "Projection",
"D": "Identification"
} | step1 | A | [
"attending",
"holiday party",
"35 year old widow",
"male",
"deceased husband",
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"conversation",
"male",
"making sure not to make",
"conversation",
"felt feelings",
"affection",
"warmth",
"male similar",
"husband made",
"feel",
"following best",
"widow's feel... |
A 54-year-old man presents to the office complaining of recent shortness of breath and fever. He has a history of a chronic cough which is progressively getting worse. His medical history is significant for hypertension and diabetes mellitus, both controlled with medication. He has been working in a sandblasting factor... | Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection | {
"A": "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease",
"B": "Adenocarcinoma of the lung",
"C": "Pulmonary embolism",
"D": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"54 year old man presents",
"office",
"of recent shortness",
"breath",
"fever",
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"chronic cough",
"getting worse",
"medical history",
"significant",
"hypertension",
"diabetes mellitus",
"controlled",
"medication",
"working",
"factory",
"over",
"decades",
"temperature",
... |
A 24-year-old woman presents to the ED with symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease despite being previously treated with azithromycin for chlamydial infection. Based on your clinical understanding about the epidemiology of PID, you decide to obtain a gram stain which shows a gram-negative diplococci. What is the next ... | Culture in Thayer-Martin media | {
"A": "Obtain an acid fast stain",
"B": "Culture in Thayer-Martin media",
"C": "Perform an RT-PCR",
"D": "Culture in TCBS agar"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old woman presents",
"ED",
"symptoms",
"pelvic inflammatory disease",
"treated with azithromycin",
"chlamydial infection",
"Based",
"clinical understanding",
"epidemiology",
"PID",
"to obtain",
"gram stain",
"shows",
"gram-negative diplococci",
"next step",
"order to confirm",
... |
A 29-year-old mother brings in her 2-week-old baby boy to a pediatrician because he has been having difficulty feeding. The mother reveals that she had no prenatal care during her pregnancy and gave birth at home without complications. She says that her son seems to be having difficulty sucking, and she occasionally se... | Palatine shelves with nasal septum | {
"A": "Maxillary and lateral nasal prominences",
"B": "Maxillary and medial nasal prominences",
"C": "Palatine shelves with nasal septum",
"D": "Palatine shelves with primary plates"
} | step1 | C | [
"29 year old mother",
"her 2 week old baby boy",
"pediatrician",
"difficulty feeding",
"mother reveals",
"prenatal",
"pregnancy",
"gave birth at home",
"complications",
"son",
"to",
"difficulty sucking",
"occasionally sees breast",
"out",
"infants nose",
"Physical exam reveals",
"pat... |
A 60-year-old woman presents to the dermatologist with a lesion on her lower eyelid. She noticed it a month ago and looked like a pimple. She says that it has been bleeding lately with minimal trauma which alarmed her. She says the lesion has not grown in size and is not associated with pain or pruritus. No significant... | Local invasion via collagenase | {
"A": "Seeding",
"B": "Does not spread (tumor is typically benign)",
"C": "Local invasion via collagenase",
"D": "Lymphatic spread"
} | step1 | C | [
"60 year old woman presents",
"dermatologist",
"lesion",
"lower",
"month",
"looked",
"pimple",
"bleeding",
"minimal trauma",
"alarmed",
"lesion",
"not",
"size",
"not associated with pain",
"pruritus",
"significant past medical history",
"Physical examination reveals",
"0.5",
"les... |
A 65-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of a 2-month history of worsening fatigue and shortness of breath on exertion. While he used to be able to walk 4–5 blocks at a time, he now has to pause every 2 blocks. He also reports waking up from having to urinate at least once every night for the past 5 ... | Increased tone of efferent renal arterioles | {
"A": "Increased tone of efferent renal arterioles",
"B": "Decreased alveolar surface tension",
"C": "Increased left ventricular compliance",
"D": "Increased potassium retention"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"65 year old man",
"physician",
"evaluation",
"month history",
"worsening fatigue",
"shortness of breath",
"exertion",
"used to",
"able to walk",
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"time",
"now",
"to pause",
"2 blocks",
"reports waking",
"to",
"night",
"past",
"months",
"Recently",
"started using 2 p... |
A 17-year-old girl presents to her primary care physician for a wellness checkup. The patient is currently doing well in school and plays soccer. She has a past medical history of childhood obesity that was treated with diet and exercise. The patient states that her menses have not changed, and they occur every 1 to 3 ... | Deficiency of 21-hydroxylase | {
"A": "Deficiency of 11-hydroxylase",
"B": "Deficiency of 17-hydroxylase",
"C": "Deficiency of 21-hydroxylase",
"D": "Malignancy"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old girl presents",
"primary care physician",
"wellness checkup",
"patient",
"currently",
"well",
"school",
"plays soccer",
"past medical history of childhood obesity",
"treated with diet",
"exercise",
"patient states",
"menses",
"not changed",
"occur",
"1 to 3 months",
"temper... |
A medical technician is trying to isolate a pathogen from the sputum sample of a patient. The sample is heat fixed to a slide then covered with carbol fuchsin stain and heated again. After washing off the stain with clean water, the slide is covered with sulfuric acid. The sample is rinsed again and stained with methyl... | Nocardia asteroides | {
"A": "Rickettsia rickettsii",
"B": "Nocardia asteroides",
"C": "Cryptococcus neoformans",
"D": "Staphylococcus aureus"
} | step1 | B | [
"medical technician",
"to isolate",
"pathogen",
"sputum sample",
"patient",
"sample",
"heat fixed",
"slide then covered",
"carbol fuchsin stain",
"heated",
"washing",
"stain",
"clean water",
"slide",
"covered",
"sulfuric acid",
"sample",
"rinsed",
"stained",
"methylene blue",
... |
A 24-year-old woman with 45,X syndrome comes to the physician because of diarrhea for 4 months. She also reports bloating, nausea, and abdominal discomfort that persists after defecation. For the past 6 months, she has felt tired and has been unable to do her normal chores. She went on a backpacking trip across Southea... | Gluten-free diet | {
"A": "Metronidazole therapy",
"B": "Avoid milk products",
"C": "Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy",
"D": "Gluten-free diet"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old woman",
"syndrome",
"physician",
"of diarrhea",
"months",
"reports bloating",
"nausea",
"abdominal discomfort",
"defecation",
"past 6 months",
"felt tired",
"unable to do",
"normal chores",
"trip",
"Southeast Asia",
"months",
"4 ft",
"tall",
"40 kg",
"88",
"BMI",
... |
A 55-year-old man presents with severe fatigue and fever. His past medical history is significant for a recent history of mononucleosis from which he fully recovered 8 weeks ago. On physical examination, the patient seems pale. A chest radiograph shows multiple enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. A biopsy of one of the e... | Lymphocyte-depleted lymphoma | {
"A": "Lymphocyte-depleted lymphoma",
"B": "Diffuse large B cell lymphoma",
"C": "Follicular lymphoma",
"D": "Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma"
} | step1 | A | [
"55 year old man presents",
"severe fatigue",
"fever",
"past medical history",
"significant",
"recent history",
"mononucleosis",
"recovered",
"weeks",
"physical examination",
"patient",
"pale",
"chest radiograph shows multiple enlarged mediastinal",
"biopsy of one",
"enlarged mediastinal... |
A 36-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with chest discomfort and fatigue. She reports that her symptoms began approximately 1 week ago and are associated with shortness of breath, swelling of her legs, and worsening weakness. She’s been having transitory fevers for about 1 month and denies having simi... | Jugular venous distension | {
"A": "Decreased systolic blood pressure by 8 mmHg with inspiration",
"B": "Jugular venous distension",
"C": "Unequal blood pressure measurements between both arms",
"D": "Warm extremities"
} | step1 | B | [
"36 year old woman presents",
"emergency department",
"chest discomfort",
"fatigue",
"reports",
"symptoms began approximately",
"week",
"associated with shortness of breath",
"swelling of",
"legs",
"worsening weakness",
"Shes",
"transitory fevers",
"month",
"denies",
"similar symptoms"... |
A 28-year-old woman is brought to the physician because of progressive difficulty walking, slowed speech, and a tremor for the past 5 months. Her grandfather died of bleeding esophageal varices at the age of 42 years. She does not drink alcohol. She is alert and oriented but has a flat affect. Her speech is slurred and... | Low serum ceruloplasmin concentration | {
"A": "Increased number of CAG repeats",
"B": "Positive anti-hepatitis B virus IgG antibodies",
"C": "Low serum ceruloplasmin concentration",
"D": "Destruction of lobular bile ducts on liver biopsy"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old woman",
"brought",
"physician",
"progressive difficulty walking",
"slowed speech",
"tremor",
"past",
"months",
"grandfather died",
"bleeding esophageal varices",
"age",
"years",
"not drink alcohol",
"alert",
"oriented",
"flat affect",
"speech",
"slurred",
"Examination s... |
A 65-year-old man presents to his primary care provider with excessive fatigue, weight loss, and multiple small bruises on his arms and abdomen. These symptoms started several months ago. He reports worsening fatigue and a 20-pound (9 kg) weight loss in the past month. Past medical history is significant for an asympto... | Positive direct Coombs tests | {
"A": "Increased serum complement",
"B": "Decreased serum ferritin",
"C": "Positive direct Coombs tests",
"D": "Codocytes on peripheral blood smear"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"65 year old man presents",
"primary care provider",
"excessive fatigue",
"weight loss",
"multiple small bruises",
"arms",
"abdomen",
"symptoms started several months",
"reports worsening fatigue",
"20 pound",
"kg",
"weight loss",
"past month",
"Past medical history",
"significant",
"a... |
A 42-year-old homeless man is brought to the emergency room after he was found unconscious in a park. He has alcohol on his breath and is known to have a history of chronic alcoholism. A noncontrast CT scan of the head is normal. The patient is treated for acute alcohol intoxication and admitted to the hospital. The ne... | It increases the frequency of GABA-gated chloride channel opening. | {
"A": "It increases the duration of GABA-gated chloride channel opening.",
"B": "It increases the frequency of GABA-gated chloride channel opening.",
"C": "It decreases the frequency of GABA-gated chloride channel opening.",
"D": "It decreases the duration of GABA-gated chloride channel opening."
} | step1 | B | [
"year old homeless man",
"brought",
"emergency room",
"found unconscious",
"park",
"alcohol",
"breath",
"known to",
"history of chronic alcoholism",
"CT scan of",
"head",
"normal",
"patient",
"treated",
"acute alcohol intoxication",
"admitted",
"hospital",
"next day",
"patient de... |
A 3-year-old boy was brought in by his parents for undescended testes. The physical examination showed an absence of the left testis in the scrotum. Inguinal swelling was noted on the left side and was surgically corrected. Which of the following conditions will most likely occur in the later stages of his life? | Testicular cancer | {
"A": "Spermatocele",
"B": "Varicocele",
"C": "Epididymitis",
"D": "Testicular cancer"
} | step1 | D | [
"3 year old boy",
"brought",
"parents",
"undescended testes",
"physical examination showed",
"absence of",
"left testis",
"scrotum",
"Inguinal",
"noted",
"left side",
"surgically corrected",
"following conditions",
"most likely occur",
"later stages of",
"life"
] |
A 70-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 1 hour after being found unconscious in her apartment by her neighbor. No medical history is currently available. Her temperature is 37.2°C (99.0°F), pulse is 120/min, respirations are 18/min, and blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg. Laboratory studies show a glomeru... | Profuse diarrhea | {
"A": "Nephrolithiasis",
"B": "Profuse diarrhea",
"C": "Salicylate poisoning",
"D": "Multiple myeloma"
} | step1 | B | [
"70 year old woman",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"hour",
"found unconscious",
"apartment",
"neighbor",
"medical history",
"currently available",
"temperature",
"99",
"pulse",
"min",
"respirations",
"min",
"blood pressure",
"70 50 mm Hg",
"Laboratory studies show",
"glomeru... |
A 21-year-old woman presents to the clinic complaining of fatigue for the past 2 weeks. She reports that it is difficult for her to do strenuous tasks such as lifting heavy boxes at the bar she works at. She denies any precipitating factors, weight changes, nail changes, dry skin, chest pain, abdominal pain, or urinary... | Duodenum | {
"A": "Duodenum",
"B": "Ileum",
"C": "Jejunum",
"D": "Stomach"
} | step1 | A | [
"21-year-old woman presents",
"clinic",
"fatigue",
"past 2 weeks",
"reports",
"difficult",
"tasks",
"as lifting heavy boxes",
"works",
"denies",
"precipitating factors",
"weight changes",
"nail changes",
"dry skin",
"chest pain",
"abdominal pain",
"urinary changes",
"currently",
... |
A 42-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of worsening severe pain, swelling, and stiffness in her right knee for the past 2 days. She recently started running 2 miles, 3 times a week in an attempt to lose weight. She has type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. Her mother has rheumatoid arthritis... | Hematogenous spread of infection | {
"A": "Autoimmune response to bacterial infection",
"B": "Occult meniscal tear",
"C": "Hematogenous spread of infection",
"D": "Intra-articular deposition of urate crystals"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old woman",
"emergency department",
"worsening severe pain",
"swelling",
"stiffness",
"right",
"past 2 days",
"recently started running 2 miles",
"3 times",
"week",
"attempt to",
"weight",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"osteoporosis",
"mother",
"rheumatoid arthritis",
"drinks one... |
A four-week-old female is evaluated in the neonatal intensive care unit for feeding intolerance with gastric retention of formula. She was born at 25 weeks gestation to a 32-year-old gravida 1 due to preterm premature rupture of membranes at 24 weeks gestation. The patient’s birth weight was 750 g (1 lb 10 oz). She req... | D | {
"A": "A",
"B": "C",
"C": "D",
"D": "E"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"four week old female",
"evaluated",
"neonatal intensive care unit",
"feeding intolerance",
"gastric retention",
"formula",
"born",
"weeks gestation to",
"year old gravida 1 due",
"preterm premature rupture of membranes",
"weeks gestation",
"patients birth weight",
"750 g",
"1",
"10 oz",... |
A 48-year-old Caucasian woman presents to her primary care provider complaining about difficulties while swallowing with fatigability and occasional palpitations for the past few weeks. Her personal history is relevant for bariatric surgery a year ago and a long list of allergies which includes peanuts, penicillin, and... | Luminal eccentric membranes | {
"A": "Hiatus hernia",
"B": "Luminal protruding concentric diaphragms",
"C": "Luminal eccentric membranes",
"D": "Pharyngeal pouch"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"48 year old Caucasian woman presents",
"primary care provider",
"difficulties",
"swallowing",
"fatigability",
"occasional palpitations",
"past",
"weeks",
"personal history",
"relevant",
"bariatric surgery",
"year",
"long list",
"allergies",
"includes peanuts",
"penicillin",
"milk pr... |
A 72-year-old man is admitted to the hospital because of a 2-day history of right-sided weakness and dysphagia. He is diagnosed with a thrombotic stroke and treatment with aspirin is initiated. A videofluoroscopic swallowing study is performed to determine his ability to swallow safely; he is found to be at increased r... | Checklist | {
"A": "Two patient identifiers",
"B": "Closed-loop communication",
"C": "Checklist",
"D": "Fishbone diagram"
} | step1 | C | [
"72 year old man",
"admitted",
"hospital",
"2-day history",
"right-sided weakness",
"dysphagia",
"diagnosed",
"thrombotic stroke",
"treatment",
"aspirin",
"initiated",
"videofluoroscopic swallowing study",
"performed to",
"ability to swallow",
"found to",
"increased",
"aspiration",
... |
A 20-year-old woman presents with shortness of breath and chest pain for 1 week. She says the chest pain is severe, sharp in character, and aggravated upon deep breathing. She says she becomes short of breath while walking upstairs in her home or with any type of exertion. She says she frequently feels feverish and fat... | Downregulation of neutrophil adhesion molecules | {
"A": "Upregulation of cellular adhesion molecules in the endothelium",
"B": "Apoptosis of neutrophils",
"C": "Redistribution of neutrophils in the lymph nodes",
"D": "Downregulation of neutrophil adhesion molecules"
} | step1 | D | [
"20 year old woman presents",
"shortness of breath",
"chest pain",
"1 week",
"chest pain",
"severe",
"sharp",
"character",
"aggravated",
"deep breathing",
"short of breath",
"walking upstairs in",
"home",
"type",
"exertion",
"frequently feels feverish",
"fatigued",
"significant pas... |
A 44-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician because she has been experiencing shortness of breath and fatigue over the past week. In addition, she has noticed that her eyelids appear puffy and her lower extremities have become swollen. Laboratory tests reveal protein and fatty casts in her urine. Based o... | Phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies | {
"A": "Diabetes",
"B": "Onset in childhood",
"C": "Phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies",
"D": "Sickle cell disease"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old woman presents",
"primary care physician",
"experiencing shortness of breath",
"fatigue",
"past week",
"addition",
"eyelids appear puffy",
"lower extremities",
"swollen",
"Laboratory tests reveal protein",
"casts",
"urine",
"Based",
"findings",
"kidney biopsy",
"obtained",
... |
A 42-year-old man presents to his primary care physician complaining of subjective fever, cough, and night sweats. He states that over the past 2 months he has “not felt like myself.” He has lost 12 lbs over this time period. Two weeks ago, he started experiencing night sweats and cough. This morning he decided to take... | Prussian blue staining | {
"A": "Genetic testing",
"B": "Iron studies",
"C": "Methylmalonic acid level",
"D": "Prussian blue staining"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old man presents",
"primary care physician",
"subjective fever",
"cough",
"night sweats",
"states",
"past",
"months",
"not felt",
"lost",
"lbs",
"time period",
"Two weeks",
"started experiencing night sweats",
"cough",
"morning",
"to take",
"temperature",
"reports",
"high... |
The prison doctor sees a 25-year-old man for some minor injuries sustained during a recent lunchroom brawl. The patient has a long history of getting into trouble. During his interview, he seems very charming and carefully deflects all responsibility to others and gets irritable and hostile once probed on the issues. H... | Childhood history | {
"A": "Childhood history",
"B": "Family history",
"C": "Evidence of lack of remorse",
"D": "Criminal record"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"prison doctor sees",
"year old man",
"minor injuries sustained",
"recent",
"patient",
"long history",
"getting",
"interview",
"very charming",
"responsibility to others",
"gets irritable",
"hostile",
"probed",
"issues",
"married",
"has 2 young children",
"not pay child support",
"... |
A 52-year-old man presents to his physician with a chief concern of not feeling well. The patient states that since yesterday he has experienced nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, general muscle cramps, a runny nose, and aches and pains in his muscles and joints. The patient has a past medical history of obesity, chronic pulm... | Methadone | {
"A": "Azithromycin",
"B": "Methadone",
"C": "Metronidazole",
"D": "Supportive therapy"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old man presents",
"physician",
"concern",
"not feeling well",
"patient states",
"nausea",
"vomiting",
"diarrhea",
"general muscle cramps",
"runny nose",
"aches",
"pains",
"muscles",
"joints",
"patient",
"past medical",
"chronic pulmonary disease",
"lower back pain",
"fibro... |
A 60-year-old woman presents to the physician with a 2-day history of fever and painful swelling of the left knee. She was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis about 15 years ago and has a 7-year history of diabetes mellitus. Over the past year, she has been admitted to the hospital twice for acute, painful swelling of ... | Intravenous vancomycin | {
"A": "Intra-articular triamcinolone acetonide",
"B": "Intravenous methylprednisolone",
"C": "Intravenous vancomycin",
"D": "Oral ciprofloxacin"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"60 year old woman presents",
"physician",
"2-day history",
"fever",
"painful swelling of",
"left knee",
"diagnosed",
"rheumatoid arthritis",
"years",
"year history of diabetes mellitus",
"past year",
"admitted",
"hospital twice",
"acute",
"painful swelling of",
"knees",
"hands",
"... |
A 26-year-old woman at 30 weeks 2 days of gestational age is brought into the emergency room following a seizure episode. Her medical records demonstrate poorly controlled gestational hypertension. Following administration of magnesium, she is taken to the operating room for emergency cesarean section. Her newborn daug... | Gas within the walls of the small or large intestine on radiograph | {
"A": "Double bubble sign on abdominal radiograph",
"B": "High levels of cow's milk-specific IgE",
"C": "Gas within the walls of the small or large intestine on radiograph",
"D": "Positive blood cultures of group B streptococcus"
} | step1 | C | [
"26 year old woman",
"30 weeks 2 days of gestational age",
"brought",
"emergency room following",
"seizure episode",
"medical records",
"poorly controlled gestational hypertension",
"Following administration",
"magnesium",
"taken",
"operating room",
"emergency cesarean section",
"newborn dau... |
A 12-year-old boy presents with progressive clumsiness and difficulty walking. He walks like a 'drunken-man' and has experienced frequent falls. He was born at term and has gone through normal developmental milestones. His vaccination profile is up to date. He denies fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, chest pain, and sho... | Friedreich’s ataxia | {
"A": "Ataxia-telangiectasia",
"B": "Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease",
"C": "Friedreich’s ataxia",
"D": "Myotonic dystrophy"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old boy presents",
"progressive clumsiness",
"difficulty walking",
"walks",
"drunken man",
"frequent falls",
"born",
"term",
"normal developmental milestones",
"vaccination profile",
"date",
"denies fever",
"chills",
"nausea",
"vomiting",
"chest pain",
"shortness of breath",
... |
A 55-year-old man presents to the emergency department because of an excruciating headache that started suddenly after he got home from work. He also reports having double vision. Specifically, in the last week he almost got into two car accidents with vehicles that "came out of nowhere" while he was trying to merge on... | Increased hat size | {
"A": "Gastric ulcers",
"B": "Hypoglycemia",
"C": "Hyperkalemia",
"D": "Increased hat size"
} | step1 | D | [
"55 year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"excruciating headache",
"started",
"got home",
"work",
"reports",
"double vision",
"last week",
"almost got",
"two car accidents",
"vehicles",
"out",
"to merge",
"highway",
"Physical examination",
"notable",
"ptosis",
"left eye... |
A 49-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife because he is vomiting blood. His wife reports that he has been nauseous for the past day and that he has had 2 episodes of vomiting bright red blood over the past 2 hours. He has never experienced this before. He has not had any bloody stool, melena,... | Perform endotracheal intubation | {
"A": "Place nasogastric tube",
"B": "Perform endotracheal intubation",
"C": "Administer intravenous octreotide",
"D": "Perform upper endoscopy"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old man",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"wife",
"vomiting blood",
"wife reports",
"nauseous",
"past day",
"2 episodes of vomiting bright red blood",
"past",
"hours",
"never experienced",
"before",
"not",
"bloody stool",
"melena",
"abdominal pain",
"diagnosed",
"alcohol... |
A 30-year-old woman is undergoing work up for progressive weakness. She reports that at the end of the work day, her "eyelids droop" and her "eyes cross," but in the morning she feels "ok." She reports that her legs feel heavy when she climbs the stairs of her house to go to sleep at night. As part of her work up, the ... | Edrophonium | {
"A": "Physostigmine",
"B": "Pyridostigmine",
"C": "Edrophonium",
"D": "Echothiophate"
} | step1 | C | [
"30 year old woman",
"work up",
"progressive weakness",
"reports",
"end",
"work day",
"eyelids",
"eyes cross",
"morning",
"feels",
"reports",
"legs feel heavy",
"climbs",
"stairs",
"house to go to sleep",
"night",
"part of",
"work up",
"physician",
"hold",
"gaze",
"minute",... |
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