| --- |
| dataset_info: |
| - config_name: Assembly |
| features: |
| - name: commit |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: message |
| dtype: string |
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| dtype: string |
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| dtype: string |
| - name: unix_time |
| dtype: int64 |
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| dtype: string |
| - name: old_contents |
| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 25664270.827623513 |
| num_examples: 507 |
| download_size: 6383845 |
| dataset_size: 25664270.827623513 |
| - config_name: C |
| features: |
| - name: commit |
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| splits: |
| - name: train |
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| num_examples: 172736 |
| download_size: 4953140102 |
| dataset_size: 13034110929.154518 |
| - config_name: C# |
| features: |
| - name: commit |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
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| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 5397646765.3076105 |
| num_examples: 138000 |
| download_size: 1656363259 |
| dataset_size: 5397646765.3076105 |
| - config_name: C++ |
| features: |
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| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 23547757257 |
| num_examples: 194218 |
| download_size: 7569744858 |
| dataset_size: 23547757257 |
| - config_name: Dart |
| features: |
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| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 397294625.4988167 |
| num_examples: 8890 |
| download_size: 154161531 |
| dataset_size: 397294625.4988167 |
| - config_name: Erlang |
| features: |
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| - name: repos |
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| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 889166050 |
| num_examples: 15623 |
| download_size: 262956120 |
| dataset_size: 889166050 |
| - config_name: Go |
| features: |
| - name: commit |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
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| - name: message |
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| - name: repos |
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| dtype: string |
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| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 13724186600.079618 |
| num_examples: 189131 |
| download_size: 7560506015 |
| dataset_size: 13724186600.079618 |
| - config_name: Groovy |
| features: |
| - name: commit |
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| - name: message |
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| - name: repos |
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| - name: new_contents |
| dtype: string |
| - name: old_contents |
| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 569309862 |
| num_examples: 16723 |
| download_size: 156155250 |
| dataset_size: 569309862 |
| - config_name: Haskell |
| features: |
| - name: commit |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: message |
| dtype: string |
| - name: repos |
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| - name: license |
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| - name: unix_time |
| dtype: int64 |
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| dtype: string |
| - name: old_contents |
| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 584392586 |
| num_examples: 13851 |
| download_size: 208126412 |
| dataset_size: 584392586 |
| - config_name: Java |
| features: |
| - name: commit |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: message |
| dtype: string |
| - name: repos |
| dtype: string |
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| - name: license |
| dtype: string |
| - name: unix_time |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: new_contents |
| dtype: string |
| - name: old_contents |
| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 15135951136.42295 |
| num_examples: 402369 |
| download_size: 5020550095 |
| dataset_size: 15135951136.42295 |
| - config_name: JavaScript |
| features: |
| - name: commit |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: message |
| dtype: string |
| - name: repos |
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| - name: unix_time |
| dtype: int64 |
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| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 36390392763.94772 |
| num_examples: 694051 |
| download_size: 12357643118 |
| dataset_size: 36390392763.94772 |
| - config_name: Julia |
| features: |
| - name: commit |
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| - name: message |
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| - name: repos |
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| - name: license |
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| - name: new_contents |
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| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 99752915.85875197 |
| num_examples: 2662 |
| download_size: 35164706 |
| dataset_size: 99752915.85875197 |
| - config_name: Kotlin |
| features: |
| - name: commit |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
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| - name: repos |
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| - name: license |
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| dtype: int64 |
| - name: new_contents |
| dtype: string |
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| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 339000058 |
| num_examples: 16467 |
| download_size: 101204442 |
| dataset_size: 339000058 |
| - config_name: PHP |
| features: |
| - name: commit |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
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| - name: message |
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| - name: repos |
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| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 8837629617.411818 |
| num_examples: 281390 |
| download_size: 3345666898 |
| dataset_size: 8837629617.411818 |
| - config_name: Perl |
| features: |
| - name: commit |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
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| - name: message |
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| - name: repos |
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| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 260477378 |
| num_examples: 4930 |
| download_size: 92901210 |
| dataset_size: 260477378 |
| - config_name: PowerShell |
| features: |
| - name: commit |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
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| - name: message |
| dtype: string |
| - name: repos |
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| - name: license |
| dtype: string |
| - name: unix_time |
| dtype: int64 |
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| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 553399997.1505141 |
| num_examples: 16729 |
| download_size: 301061644 |
| dataset_size: 553399997.1505141 |
| - config_name: Python |
| features: |
| - name: commit |
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| - name: repos |
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| - name: unix_time |
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| dtype: string |
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| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 43401708067 |
| num_examples: 914849 |
| download_size: 14393853016 |
| dataset_size: 43401708067 |
| - config_name: R |
| features: |
| - name: commit |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
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| - name: message |
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| - name: repos |
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| - name: license |
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| - name: unix_time |
| dtype: int64 |
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| dtype: string |
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| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 22395918.040545523 |
| num_examples: 656 |
| download_size: 4801427 |
| dataset_size: 22395918.040545523 |
| - config_name: Ruby |
| features: |
| - name: commit |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: message |
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| - name: repos |
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| dtype: int64 |
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| dtype: string |
| - name: old_contents |
| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 4806098257 |
| num_examples: 345124 |
| download_size: 1555780240 |
| dataset_size: 4806098257 |
| - config_name: Rust |
| features: |
| - name: commit |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: message |
| dtype: string |
| - name: repos |
| dtype: string |
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| - name: license |
| dtype: string |
| - name: unix_time |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: new_contents |
| dtype: string |
| - name: old_contents |
| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 2750630964.173699 |
| num_examples: 57383 |
| download_size: 1072232323 |
| dataset_size: 2750630964.173699 |
| - config_name: Scala |
| features: |
| - name: commit |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: message |
| dtype: string |
| - name: repos |
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| - name: license |
| dtype: string |
| - name: unix_time |
| dtype: int64 |
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| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 1502090669 |
| num_examples: 46557 |
| download_size: 507218235 |
| dataset_size: 1502090669 |
| - config_name: Shell |
| features: |
| - name: commit |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: message |
| dtype: string |
| - name: repos |
| dtype: string |
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| - name: license |
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| - name: unix_time |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: new_contents |
| dtype: string |
| - name: old_contents |
| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 2727002433.72094 |
| num_examples: 95305 |
| download_size: 623236489 |
| dataset_size: 2727002433.72094 |
| - config_name: Swift |
| features: |
| - name: commit |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: message |
| dtype: string |
| - name: repos |
| dtype: string |
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| dtype: int64 |
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| dtype: string |
| - name: old_contents |
| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 831556938.5793096 |
| num_examples: 40271 |
| download_size: 345171247 |
| dataset_size: 831556938.5793096 |
| - config_name: TypeScript |
| features: |
| - name: commit |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: message |
| dtype: string |
| - name: repos |
| dtype: string |
| - name: file_path |
| dtype: string |
| - name: license |
| dtype: string |
| - name: unix_time |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: new_contents |
| dtype: string |
| - name: old_contents |
| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 11236698679 |
| num_examples: 114769 |
| download_size: 3124417123 |
| dataset_size: 11236698679 |
| configs: |
| - config_name: Assembly |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: Assembly/train-* |
| - config_name: C |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: C/train-* |
| - config_name: C# |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: C#/train-* |
| - config_name: C++ |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: C++/train-* |
| - config_name: Dart |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: Dart/train-* |
| - config_name: Erlang |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: Erlang/train-* |
| - config_name: Go |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: Go/train-* |
| - config_name: Groovy |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: Groovy/train-* |
| - config_name: Haskell |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: Haskell/train-* |
| - config_name: Java |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: Java/train-* |
| - config_name: JavaScript |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: JavaScript/train-* |
| - config_name: Julia |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: Julia/train-* |
| - config_name: Kotlin |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: Kotlin/train-* |
| - config_name: PHP |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: PHP/train-* |
| - config_name: Perl |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: Perl/train-* |
| - config_name: PowerShell |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: PowerShell/train-* |
| - config_name: Python |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: Python/train-* |
| - config_name: R |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: R/train-* |
| - config_name: Ruby |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: Ruby/train-* |
| - config_name: Rust |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: Rust/train-* |
| - config_name: Scala |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: Scala/train-* |
| - config_name: Shell |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: Shell/train-* |
| - config_name: Swift |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: Swift/train-* |
| - config_name: TypeScript |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: TypeScript/train-* |
| license: apache-2.0 |
| task_categories: |
| - text-generation |
| language: |
| - en |
| tags: |
| - code |
| - multilingual |
| - github |
| - commits |
| size_categories: |
| - 1M<n<10M |
| --- |
| |
| <div align="center"> |
|
|
| # Themis-Git-Commits-Merged |
|
|
| [](https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00754) |
| [](https://huggingface.co/collections/project-themis/themis-reward-model-collection) |
| [](https://huggingface.co/collections/project-themis/themis-preference-datasets-and-benchmarks) |
| [](https://github.com/iNeil77/Themis) |
| [](https://hub.docker.com/repository/docker/ineil77/themis/general) |
|
|
| </div> |
|
|
| ## Overview |
|
|
| **Themis-Git-Commits-Merged** is a large-scale dataset of ~3.98M single-file code commits from **permissively licensed** GitHub repositories that have been cross-referenced with [GHTorrent](https://ghtorrent.org/) pull request data to retain only commits that are part of **successfully merged, non-reverted pull requests**. This provides implicit human validation of each code change — a merge decision by project maintainers confirms the intent and quality of the commit. |
|
|
| This dataset is derived from [Themis-Git-Commits](https://huggingface.co/datasets/project-themis/git-commits) (the raw, unfiltered commit pool) by joining against GHTorrent pull request records through **end of 2021** (the temporal extent of the GHTorrent PR data used). It serves as the direct input to the aspect classification and preference construction stages of the [Themis](https://github.com/iNeil77/Themis) pipeline, which produces the commit-based preference pairs in [Themis-CodePreference](https://huggingface.co/datasets/project-themis/Themis-CodePreference) and [Themis-CodeRewardBench](https://huggingface.co/datasets/project-themis/Themis-CodeRewardBench). |
|
|
| The SQL query used for initial commit mining restricts to repositories under permissive open-source licenses only (MIT, Apache-2.0, BSD-2/3-Clause, ISC, CC0-1.0, EPL-1.0, MPL-2.0, Unlicense, AGPL-3.0, LGPL-2.1, Artistic-2.0). The BigQuery snapshot used contains commits up to **early 2022** — predating the widespread availability of LLM code generation tools — ensuring that all code changes in the dataset represent **genuine human-authored preferences**. |
|
|
| ## Relationship to Themis-Git-Commits |
|
|
| <div align="center"> |
|
|
| | | [Themis-Git-Commits](https://huggingface.co/datasets/project-themis/git-commits) | **Themis-Git-Commits-Merged** (this dataset) | |
| |:---|:---|:---| |
| | **Scope** | All mined single-file commits | Only commits in merged, non-reverted PRs | |
| | **Extension filtering** | No | Yes (file extension matches target language) | |
| | **PR validation** | No | Yes (via GHTorrent, through end of 2021) | |
| | **Human validation** | Implicit (authored by humans) | Explicit (merge decision by maintainers) | |
| | **Downstream use** | Raw pool for further filtering | Direct input to aspect classification | |
|
|
| </div> |
|
|
| ## Collection Pipeline |
|
|
| The commit mining pipeline is described in detail in the [Themis paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00754) and the [Dataset](https://github.com/iNeil77/Themis/tree/main/Dataset) folder in the GitHub repository. The BigQuery SQL query and scraping infrastructure are modified from the [OctoPack](https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.07124) pipeline ([CommitPack](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bigcode/commitpack)); the subsequent filtering, classification, and preference construction stages are original to Themis. |
|
|
| 1. **BigQuery Mining** — A [GoogleSQL query](https://github.com/iNeil77/Themis/blob/main/Dataset/Commit_Mining_SQL/consolidated_query.sql) (modified from [OctoPack](https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.07124)) extracts single-file commits from **permissively licensed** repositories in `bigquery-public-data.github_repos`, filtering for target programming languages and non-trivial commit messages. |
|
|
| 2. **Repository Reputation Filtering** — Commits are subset to those originating from [curated high-reputation repositories](https://github.com/iNeil77/Themis/tree/main/Dataset/Repos) (15+ GitHub stars, 5+ contributors, 10+ issues). |
|
|
| 3. **Extension Filtering** — Commits are further filtered so the changed file's extension matches a target programming language. |
|
|
| 4. **Content Retrieval** — The pre-commit (`old_contents`) and post-commit (`new_contents`) file contents are fetched from GitHub via shallow git fetches using [retrieve_commit_contents.py](https://github.com/iNeil77/Themis/blob/main/Dataset/Utils/retrieve_commit_contents.py). |
|
|
| 5. **MinHash Deduplication** — Near-duplicate content is removed using [MinHash LSH deduplication](https://github.com/iNeil77/Themis/blob/main/Dataset/Utils/minHash_dedupe_local.py) (shingle size 5, 256 permutations, Jaccard threshold 0.7). |
|
|
| 6. **Pull Request Cross-Referencing** *(this step produces this dataset)* — Commits are joined with [GHTorrent](https://ghtorrent.org/) pull request data (through **end of 2021**) to retain only non-reverted commits that are part of successfully merged pull requests from reputable repositories, ensuring implicit human validation of each code change. |
|
|
| ## Downstream Processing (Not in This Dataset) |
|
|
| The steps below are applied downstream to produce the final preference pairs in Themis-CodePreference and Themis-CodeRewardBench, and are **not** reflected in this dataset: |
|
|
| - **Language Subsetting** — The 24 languages in this dataset are narrowed to the 8 target languages (C, C#, C++, Go, Java, JavaScript, Python, Ruby) used in [Themis-CodePreference](https://huggingface.co/datasets/project-themis/Themis-CodePreference) and [Themis-CodeRewardBench](https://huggingface.co/datasets/project-themis/Themis-CodeRewardBench). |
| - **Temporal Subsetting** — For training data ([Themis-CodePreference](https://huggingface.co/datasets/project-themis/Themis-CodePreference)), only commits pushed before **March 2019** are retained. For benchmark data ([Themis-CodeRewardBench](https://huggingface.co/datasets/project-themis/Themis-CodeRewardBench)), commits are scoped to **June 2019 – January 2021** from disjoint repositories. |
| - **Aspect Classification** — Commits are assigned to quality dimensions (Functional Correctness, Runtime Efficiency, Memory Efficiency, Security Hardness, Readability & Maintainability) using criteria-specialized [ModernBERT](https://huggingface.co/answerdotai/ModernBERT-base) commit classifiers, trained on seed positives retrieved via [curated term lists](https://github.com/iNeil77/Themis/tree/main/Dataset/Commit_Mining_Terms). |
| - **LLM Scoring & Instruction Synthesis** — Frontier LMs validate preference strength and generate realistic inverse instructions. |
| - **LLM-as-a-Judge Preference Labelling** — Multi-sample voting with frontier LMs produces consensus preference labels. |
|
|
| ## Dataset Schema |
|
|
| <div align="center"> |
|
|
| | Column | Type | Description | |
| |:---|:---:|:---| |
| | `commit` | string | Git commit SHA | |
| | `subject` | string | First line of the commit message | |
| | `message` | string | Full commit message body | |
| | `repos` | string | Comma-separated list of repository names containing this commit | |
| | `file_path` | string | Path of the changed file | |
| | `license` | string | SPDX license identifier of the source repository | |
| | `unix_time` | int64 | Committer timestamp (seconds since epoch) | |
| | `new_contents` | string | File contents after the commit (post-commit) | |
| | `old_contents` | string | File contents before the commit (pre-commit) | |
|
|
| </div> |
|
|
| ## Language Distribution |
|
|
| The dataset is partitioned by programming language, with one config per language. Each config has a single `train` split. |
|
|
| <div align="center"> |
|
|
| | Language | Commits | | Language | Commits | |
| |:---|---:|:---|:---|---:| |
| | Python | 914,849 | | Rust | 57,383 | |
| | JavaScript | 694,051 | | Scala | 46,557 | |
| | Java | 402,369 | | Swift | 40,271 | |
| | Ruby | 345,124 | | Groovy | 16,723 | |
| | PHP | 281,390 | | PowerShell | 16,729 | |
| | C++ | 194,218 | | Kotlin | 16,467 | |
| | Go | 189,131 | | Erlang | 15,623 | |
| | C | 172,736 | | Haskell | 13,851 | |
| | C# | 138,000 | | Dart | 8,890 | |
| | TypeScript | 114,769 | | Perl | 4,930 | |
| | Shell | 95,305 | | Julia | 2,662 | |
| | | | | R | 656 | |
| | | | | Assembly | 507 | |
| | **Total** | | | | **~3.98M** | |
|
|
| </div> |
|
|
| ## Filters Applied |
|
|
| All filters from the upstream [Themis-Git-Commits](https://huggingface.co/datasets/project-themis/git-commits) pipeline apply, plus the PR merge filter: |
|
|
| <div align="center"> |
|
|
| | Filter | Purpose | |
| |:---|:---| |
| | **License allowlist** | MIT, Apache-2.0, BSD-2-Clause, BSD-3-Clause, ISC, CC0-1.0, EPL-1.0, MPL-2.0, Unlicense, AGPL-3.0, LGPL-2.1, Artistic-2.0 | |
| | **Language allowlist** (SQL) | Python, Java, JavaScript, C, C#, C++, TypeScript, Go, Ruby (repo-level filter in BigQuery query) | |
| | **Message length** | 10 < length < 15,000 characters | |
| | **Message blocklist** | ~50 low-signal messages excluded (e.g., "initial commit", "wip", "yolo") | |
| | **Pattern exclusion** | Merge commits and CI push messages filtered out | |
| | **Same-path constraint** | `old_path = new_path` — file was modified in place, not renamed or moved | |
| | **Single-file constraint** | Commit touches exactly one file | |
| | **Content retrieval** | Both pre-commit and post-commit file contents successfully fetched | |
| | **Near-deduplication** | MinHash LSH with Jaccard threshold 0.7 | |
| | **Extension filtering** | Changed file's extension mapped to one of 24 target programming languages (see distribution table) | |
| | **PR merge filter** | Commit is part of a successfully merged, non-reverted pull request (GHTorrent data through end of 2021) | |
|
|
| </div> |
|
|
| ## Usage |
|
|
| ```python |
| from datasets import load_dataset |
| |
| # Load a single language |
| python_commits = load_dataset("project-themis/git-commits-merged", "Python") |
| sample = python_commits["train"][0] |
| print(f"Commit: {sample['commit']}") |
| print(f"Subject: {sample['subject']}") |
| print(f"License: {sample['license']}") |
| print(f"File: {sample['file_path']}") |
| |
| # Load all languages |
| for lang in ["C", "CSharp", "Cpp", "Go", "Java", "JavaScript", "Python", "Ruby", "TypeScript"]: |
| ds = load_dataset("project-themis/git-commits-merged", lang) |
| print(f"{lang}: {len(ds['train'])} commits") |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## License |
|
|
| This dataset is released under the [Apache 2.0 License](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0). The source commits are drawn exclusively from repositories with permissive open-source licenses (see filter table above). |
|
|
| ## Citation |
|
|
| ```bibtex |
| @article{themis2025, |
| title={Themis: Training Robust Multilingual Code Reward Models for Flexible Multi-Criteria Scoring}, |
| author={Paul, Indraneil and Gurevych, Iryna and Glava\v{s}, Goran}, |
| journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.00754}, |
| year={2025} |
| } |
| ``` |