--- dataset_info: - config_name: Assembly features: - name: commit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: message dtype: string - name: repos dtype: string - name: file_path dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: unix_time dtype: int64 - name: new_contents dtype: string - name: old_contents dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 25664270.827623513 num_examples: 507 download_size: 6383845 dataset_size: 25664270.827623513 - config_name: C features: - name: commit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: message dtype: string - name: repos dtype: string - name: file_path dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: unix_time dtype: int64 - name: new_contents dtype: string - name: old_contents dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 13034110929.154518 num_examples: 172736 download_size: 4953140102 dataset_size: 13034110929.154518 - config_name: C# features: - name: commit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: message dtype: string - name: repos dtype: string - name: file_path dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: unix_time dtype: int64 - name: new_contents dtype: string - name: old_contents dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 5397646765.3076105 num_examples: 138000 download_size: 1656363259 dataset_size: 5397646765.3076105 - config_name: C++ features: - name: commit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: message dtype: string - name: repos dtype: string - name: file_path dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: unix_time dtype: int64 - name: new_contents dtype: string - name: old_contents dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 23547757257 num_examples: 194218 download_size: 7569744858 dataset_size: 23547757257 - config_name: Dart features: - name: commit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: message dtype: string - name: repos dtype: string - name: file_path dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: unix_time dtype: int64 - name: new_contents dtype: string - name: old_contents dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 397294625.4988167 num_examples: 8890 download_size: 154161531 dataset_size: 397294625.4988167 - config_name: Erlang features: - name: commit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: message dtype: string - name: repos dtype: string - name: file_path dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: unix_time dtype: int64 - name: new_contents dtype: string - name: old_contents dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 889166050 num_examples: 15623 download_size: 262956120 dataset_size: 889166050 - config_name: Go features: - name: commit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: message dtype: string - name: repos dtype: string - name: file_path dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: unix_time dtype: int64 - name: new_contents dtype: string - name: old_contents dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 13724186600.079618 num_examples: 189131 download_size: 7560506015 dataset_size: 13724186600.079618 - config_name: Groovy features: - name: commit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: message dtype: string - name: repos dtype: string - name: file_path dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: unix_time dtype: int64 - name: new_contents dtype: string - name: old_contents dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 569309862 num_examples: 16723 download_size: 156155250 dataset_size: 569309862 - config_name: Haskell features: - name: commit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: message dtype: string - name: repos dtype: string - name: file_path dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: unix_time dtype: int64 - name: new_contents dtype: string - name: old_contents dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 584392586 num_examples: 13851 download_size: 208126412 dataset_size: 584392586 - config_name: Java features: - name: commit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: message dtype: string - name: repos dtype: string - name: file_path dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: unix_time dtype: int64 - name: new_contents dtype: string - name: old_contents dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 15135951136.42295 num_examples: 402369 download_size: 5020550095 dataset_size: 15135951136.42295 - config_name: JavaScript features: - name: commit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: message dtype: string - name: repos dtype: string - name: file_path dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: unix_time dtype: int64 - name: new_contents dtype: string - name: old_contents dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 36390392763.94772 num_examples: 694051 download_size: 12357643118 dataset_size: 36390392763.94772 - config_name: Julia features: - name: commit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: message dtype: string - name: repos dtype: string - name: file_path dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: unix_time dtype: int64 - name: new_contents dtype: string - name: old_contents dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 99752915.85875197 num_examples: 2662 download_size: 35164706 dataset_size: 99752915.85875197 - config_name: Kotlin features: - name: commit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: message dtype: string - name: repos dtype: string - name: file_path dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: unix_time dtype: int64 - name: new_contents dtype: string - name: old_contents dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 339000058 num_examples: 16467 download_size: 101204442 dataset_size: 339000058 - config_name: PHP features: - name: commit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: message dtype: string - name: repos dtype: string - name: file_path dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: unix_time dtype: int64 - name: new_contents dtype: string - name: old_contents dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 8837629617.411818 num_examples: 281390 download_size: 3345666898 dataset_size: 8837629617.411818 - config_name: Perl features: - name: commit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: message dtype: string - name: repos dtype: string - name: file_path dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: unix_time dtype: int64 - name: new_contents dtype: string - name: old_contents dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 260477378 num_examples: 4930 download_size: 92901210 dataset_size: 260477378 - config_name: PowerShell features: - name: commit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: message dtype: string - name: repos dtype: string - name: file_path dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: unix_time dtype: int64 - name: new_contents dtype: string - name: old_contents dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 553399997.1505141 num_examples: 16729 download_size: 301061644 dataset_size: 553399997.1505141 - config_name: Python features: - name: commit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: message dtype: string - name: repos dtype: string - name: file_path dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: unix_time dtype: int64 - name: new_contents dtype: string - name: old_contents dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 43401708067 num_examples: 914849 download_size: 14393853016 dataset_size: 43401708067 - config_name: R features: - name: commit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: message dtype: string - name: repos dtype: string - name: file_path dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: unix_time dtype: int64 - name: new_contents dtype: string - name: old_contents dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 22395918.040545523 num_examples: 656 download_size: 4801427 dataset_size: 22395918.040545523 - config_name: Ruby features: - name: commit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: message dtype: string - name: repos dtype: string - name: file_path dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: unix_time dtype: int64 - name: new_contents dtype: string - name: old_contents dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 4806098257 num_examples: 345124 download_size: 1555780240 dataset_size: 4806098257 - config_name: Rust features: - name: commit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: message dtype: string - name: repos dtype: string - name: file_path dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: unix_time dtype: int64 - name: new_contents dtype: string - name: old_contents dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 2750630964.173699 num_examples: 57383 download_size: 1072232323 dataset_size: 2750630964.173699 - config_name: Scala features: - name: commit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: message dtype: string - name: repos dtype: string - name: file_path dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: unix_time dtype: int64 - name: new_contents dtype: string - name: old_contents dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 1502090669 num_examples: 46557 download_size: 507218235 dataset_size: 1502090669 - config_name: Shell features: - name: commit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: message dtype: string - name: repos dtype: string - name: file_path dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: unix_time dtype: int64 - name: new_contents dtype: string - name: old_contents dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 2727002433.72094 num_examples: 95305 download_size: 623236489 dataset_size: 2727002433.72094 - config_name: Swift features: - name: commit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: message dtype: string - name: repos dtype: string - name: file_path dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: unix_time dtype: int64 - name: new_contents dtype: string - name: old_contents dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 831556938.5793096 num_examples: 40271 download_size: 345171247 dataset_size: 831556938.5793096 - config_name: TypeScript features: - name: commit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: message dtype: string - name: repos dtype: string - name: file_path dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: unix_time dtype: int64 - name: new_contents dtype: string - name: old_contents dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 11236698679 num_examples: 114769 download_size: 3124417123 dataset_size: 11236698679 configs: - config_name: Assembly data_files: - split: train path: Assembly/train-* - config_name: C data_files: - split: train path: C/train-* - config_name: C# data_files: - split: train path: C#/train-* - config_name: C++ data_files: - split: train path: C++/train-* - config_name: Dart data_files: - split: train path: Dart/train-* - config_name: Erlang data_files: - split: train path: Erlang/train-* - config_name: Go data_files: - split: train path: Go/train-* - config_name: Groovy data_files: - split: train path: Groovy/train-* - config_name: Haskell data_files: - split: train path: Haskell/train-* - config_name: Java data_files: - split: train path: Java/train-* - config_name: JavaScript data_files: - split: train path: JavaScript/train-* - config_name: Julia data_files: - split: train path: Julia/train-* - config_name: Kotlin data_files: - split: train path: Kotlin/train-* - config_name: PHP data_files: - split: train path: PHP/train-* - config_name: Perl data_files: - split: train path: Perl/train-* - config_name: PowerShell data_files: - split: train path: PowerShell/train-* - config_name: Python data_files: - split: train path: Python/train-* - config_name: R data_files: - split: train path: R/train-* - config_name: Ruby data_files: - split: train path: Ruby/train-* - config_name: Rust data_files: - split: train path: Rust/train-* - config_name: Scala data_files: - split: train path: Scala/train-* - config_name: Shell data_files: - split: train path: Shell/train-* - config_name: Swift data_files: - split: train path: Swift/train-* - config_name: TypeScript data_files: - split: train path: TypeScript/train-* license: apache-2.0 task_categories: - text-generation language: - en tags: - code - multilingual - github - commits size_categories: - 1M # Themis-Git-Commits-Merged [![arXiv](https://img.shields.io/badge/arXiv-2605.00754-b31b1b.svg)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00754) [![Models](https://img.shields.io/badge/%F0%9F%A4%97%20Models-Themis--RM-yellow)](https://huggingface.co/collections/project-themis/themis-reward-model-collection) [![Datasets & Benchmarks](https://img.shields.io/badge/%F0%9F%A4%97%20Datasets%20%26%20Benchmarks-Themis-blue)](https://huggingface.co/collections/project-themis/themis-preference-datasets-and-benchmarks) [![GitHub](https://img.shields.io/badge/GitHub-Themis-181717?logo=github)](https://github.com/iNeil77/Themis) [![Docker](https://img.shields.io/badge/Docker-ineil77%2Fthemis-2496ED?logo=docker)](https://hub.docker.com/repository/docker/ineil77/themis/general) ## Overview **Themis-Git-Commits-Merged** is a large-scale dataset of ~3.98M single-file code commits from **permissively licensed** GitHub repositories that have been cross-referenced with [GHTorrent](https://ghtorrent.org/) pull request data to retain only commits that are part of **successfully merged, non-reverted pull requests**. This provides implicit human validation of each code change — a merge decision by project maintainers confirms the intent and quality of the commit. This dataset is derived from [Themis-Git-Commits](https://huggingface.co/datasets/project-themis/git-commits) (the raw, unfiltered commit pool) by joining against GHTorrent pull request records through **end of 2021** (the temporal extent of the GHTorrent PR data used). It serves as the direct input to the aspect classification and preference construction stages of the [Themis](https://github.com/iNeil77/Themis) pipeline, which produces the commit-based preference pairs in [Themis-CodePreference](https://huggingface.co/datasets/project-themis/Themis-CodePreference) and [Themis-CodeRewardBench](https://huggingface.co/datasets/project-themis/Themis-CodeRewardBench). The SQL query used for initial commit mining restricts to repositories under permissive open-source licenses only (MIT, Apache-2.0, BSD-2/3-Clause, ISC, CC0-1.0, EPL-1.0, MPL-2.0, Unlicense, AGPL-3.0, LGPL-2.1, Artistic-2.0). The BigQuery snapshot used contains commits up to **early 2022** — predating the widespread availability of LLM code generation tools — ensuring that all code changes in the dataset represent **genuine human-authored preferences**. ## Relationship to Themis-Git-Commits
| | [Themis-Git-Commits](https://huggingface.co/datasets/project-themis/git-commits) | **Themis-Git-Commits-Merged** (this dataset) | |:---|:---|:---| | **Scope** | All mined single-file commits | Only commits in merged, non-reverted PRs | | **Extension filtering** | No | Yes (file extension matches target language) | | **PR validation** | No | Yes (via GHTorrent, through end of 2021) | | **Human validation** | Implicit (authored by humans) | Explicit (merge decision by maintainers) | | **Downstream use** | Raw pool for further filtering | Direct input to aspect classification |
## Collection Pipeline The commit mining pipeline is described in detail in the [Themis paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00754) and the [Dataset](https://github.com/iNeil77/Themis/tree/main/Dataset) folder in the GitHub repository. The BigQuery SQL query and scraping infrastructure are modified from the [OctoPack](https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.07124) pipeline ([CommitPack](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bigcode/commitpack)); the subsequent filtering, classification, and preference construction stages are original to Themis. 1. **BigQuery Mining** — A [GoogleSQL query](https://github.com/iNeil77/Themis/blob/main/Dataset/Commit_Mining_SQL/consolidated_query.sql) (modified from [OctoPack](https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.07124)) extracts single-file commits from **permissively licensed** repositories in `bigquery-public-data.github_repos`, filtering for target programming languages and non-trivial commit messages. 2. **Repository Reputation Filtering** — Commits are subset to those originating from [curated high-reputation repositories](https://github.com/iNeil77/Themis/tree/main/Dataset/Repos) (15+ GitHub stars, 5+ contributors, 10+ issues). 3. **Extension Filtering** — Commits are further filtered so the changed file's extension matches a target programming language. 4. **Content Retrieval** — The pre-commit (`old_contents`) and post-commit (`new_contents`) file contents are fetched from GitHub via shallow git fetches using [retrieve_commit_contents.py](https://github.com/iNeil77/Themis/blob/main/Dataset/Utils/retrieve_commit_contents.py). 5. **MinHash Deduplication** — Near-duplicate content is removed using [MinHash LSH deduplication](https://github.com/iNeil77/Themis/blob/main/Dataset/Utils/minHash_dedupe_local.py) (shingle size 5, 256 permutations, Jaccard threshold 0.7). 6. **Pull Request Cross-Referencing** *(this step produces this dataset)* — Commits are joined with [GHTorrent](https://ghtorrent.org/) pull request data (through **end of 2021**) to retain only non-reverted commits that are part of successfully merged pull requests from reputable repositories, ensuring implicit human validation of each code change. ## Downstream Processing (Not in This Dataset) The steps below are applied downstream to produce the final preference pairs in Themis-CodePreference and Themis-CodeRewardBench, and are **not** reflected in this dataset: - **Language Subsetting** — The 24 languages in this dataset are narrowed to the 8 target languages (C, C#, C++, Go, Java, JavaScript, Python, Ruby) used in [Themis-CodePreference](https://huggingface.co/datasets/project-themis/Themis-CodePreference) and [Themis-CodeRewardBench](https://huggingface.co/datasets/project-themis/Themis-CodeRewardBench). - **Temporal Subsetting** — For training data ([Themis-CodePreference](https://huggingface.co/datasets/project-themis/Themis-CodePreference)), only commits pushed before **March 2019** are retained. For benchmark data ([Themis-CodeRewardBench](https://huggingface.co/datasets/project-themis/Themis-CodeRewardBench)), commits are scoped to **June 2019 – January 2021** from disjoint repositories. - **Aspect Classification** — Commits are assigned to quality dimensions (Functional Correctness, Runtime Efficiency, Memory Efficiency, Security Hardness, Readability & Maintainability) using criteria-specialized [ModernBERT](https://huggingface.co/answerdotai/ModernBERT-base) commit classifiers, trained on seed positives retrieved via [curated term lists](https://github.com/iNeil77/Themis/tree/main/Dataset/Commit_Mining_Terms). - **LLM Scoring & Instruction Synthesis** — Frontier LMs validate preference strength and generate realistic inverse instructions. - **LLM-as-a-Judge Preference Labelling** — Multi-sample voting with frontier LMs produces consensus preference labels. ## Dataset Schema
| Column | Type | Description | |:---|:---:|:---| | `commit` | string | Git commit SHA | | `subject` | string | First line of the commit message | | `message` | string | Full commit message body | | `repos` | string | Comma-separated list of repository names containing this commit | | `file_path` | string | Path of the changed file | | `license` | string | SPDX license identifier of the source repository | | `unix_time` | int64 | Committer timestamp (seconds since epoch) | | `new_contents` | string | File contents after the commit (post-commit) | | `old_contents` | string | File contents before the commit (pre-commit) |
## Language Distribution The dataset is partitioned by programming language, with one config per language. Each config has a single `train` split.
| Language | Commits | | Language | Commits | |:---|---:|:---|:---|---:| | Python | 914,849 | | Rust | 57,383 | | JavaScript | 694,051 | | Scala | 46,557 | | Java | 402,369 | | Swift | 40,271 | | Ruby | 345,124 | | Groovy | 16,723 | | PHP | 281,390 | | PowerShell | 16,729 | | C++ | 194,218 | | Kotlin | 16,467 | | Go | 189,131 | | Erlang | 15,623 | | C | 172,736 | | Haskell | 13,851 | | C# | 138,000 | | Dart | 8,890 | | TypeScript | 114,769 | | Perl | 4,930 | | Shell | 95,305 | | Julia | 2,662 | | | | | R | 656 | | | | | Assembly | 507 | | **Total** | | | | **~3.98M** |
## Filters Applied All filters from the upstream [Themis-Git-Commits](https://huggingface.co/datasets/project-themis/git-commits) pipeline apply, plus the PR merge filter:
| Filter | Purpose | |:---|:---| | **License allowlist** | MIT, Apache-2.0, BSD-2-Clause, BSD-3-Clause, ISC, CC0-1.0, EPL-1.0, MPL-2.0, Unlicense, AGPL-3.0, LGPL-2.1, Artistic-2.0 | | **Language allowlist** (SQL) | Python, Java, JavaScript, C, C#, C++, TypeScript, Go, Ruby (repo-level filter in BigQuery query) | | **Message length** | 10 < length < 15,000 characters | | **Message blocklist** | ~50 low-signal messages excluded (e.g., "initial commit", "wip", "yolo") | | **Pattern exclusion** | Merge commits and CI push messages filtered out | | **Same-path constraint** | `old_path = new_path` — file was modified in place, not renamed or moved | | **Single-file constraint** | Commit touches exactly one file | | **Content retrieval** | Both pre-commit and post-commit file contents successfully fetched | | **Near-deduplication** | MinHash LSH with Jaccard threshold 0.7 | | **Extension filtering** | Changed file's extension mapped to one of 24 target programming languages (see distribution table) | | **PR merge filter** | Commit is part of a successfully merged, non-reverted pull request (GHTorrent data through end of 2021) |
## Usage ```python from datasets import load_dataset # Load a single language python_commits = load_dataset("project-themis/git-commits-merged", "Python") sample = python_commits["train"][0] print(f"Commit: {sample['commit']}") print(f"Subject: {sample['subject']}") print(f"License: {sample['license']}") print(f"File: {sample['file_path']}") # Load all languages for lang in ["C", "CSharp", "Cpp", "Go", "Java", "JavaScript", "Python", "Ruby", "TypeScript"]: ds = load_dataset("project-themis/git-commits-merged", lang) print(f"{lang}: {len(ds['train'])} commits") ``` ## License This dataset is released under the [Apache 2.0 License](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0). The source commits are drawn exclusively from repositories with permissive open-source licenses (see filter table above). ## Citation ```bibtex @article{themis2025, title={Themis: Training Robust Multilingual Code Reward Models for Flexible Multi-Criteria Scoring}, author={Paul, Indraneil and Gurevych, Iryna and Glava\v{s}, Goran}, journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.00754}, year={2025} } ```