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1a4c0d4c-3a5c-4dc0-a1a1-c486b76deec6 | CCPR/C/LVA/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Latvia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Civil society",
"Public officials",
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors"
] | [
"Cooperation & consultation with civil society",
"Cooperation & Follow up with Treaty Bodies",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Civil & political rights - general measures of implementation"
] | [
"16.7 - Responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making",
"16.6 - Effective, accountable and transparent institutions"
] | D.Dissemination and follow-up 49. The State Party should widely disseminate the Covenant, the two Optional Protocols thereto, its fourth periodic report and the present concluding observations, with a view to raising awareness of the rights enshrined in the Covenant among the judicial, legislative and administrative au... | 49. The State Party should widely disseminate the Covenant, the two Optional Protocols thereto, its fourth periodic report and the present concluding observations, with a view to raising awareness of the rights enshrined in the Covenant among the judicial, legislative and administrative authorities, civil society and n... | CCPR | Latvia | CCPR/C/LVA/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7df64d14-e39f-43d9-a5b0-699f41b8c7f1 | AnnotationId: 1a4c0d4c-3a5c-4dc0-a1a1-c486b76deec6 |
ccb257dd-5042-409b-82b4-28b36afde7e7 | CCPR/C/LVA/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Latvia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Refugees & asylum seekers",
"Migrants",
"Women & girls",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [
"Violence against women",
"Cooperation & Follow up with Treaty Bodies",
"Sexual & gender-based violence",
"Prohibition of torture & ill-treatment (including cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment)"
] | [
"5.2 - End all violence against and exploitation of women",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | D.Dissemination and follow-up 50. In accordance with rule 75 (1) of the Committee ’ s rules of procedure, the State Party is requested to provide, by 18 July 2028, information on the implementation of the recommendations made by the Committee in paragraphs 22 (violence against women), 26 (prohibition of torture and oth... | 50. In accordance with rule 75 (1) of the Committee ’ s rules of procedure, the State Party is requested to provide, by 18 July 2028, information on the implementation of the recommendations made by the Committee in paragraphs 22 (violence against women), 26 (prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading... | CCPR | Latvia | CCPR/C/LVA/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7df64d14-e39f-43d9-a5b0-699f41b8c7f1 | AnnotationId: ccb257dd-5042-409b-82b4-28b36afde7e7 |
7fb4b6f8-9431-4d45-ae13-f6d2cef0f35a | CCPR/C/LVA/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Latvia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Civil society"
] | [
"Cooperation & consultation with civil society",
"Cooperation & Follow up with Treaty Bodies"
] | [
"16.7 - Responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making",
"16.6 - Effective, accountable and transparent institutions"
] | D.Dissemination and follow-up 51. In line with the Committee's predictable review cycle, the State Party will receive in 2031 the Committee’s list of issues prior to submission of the report and will be expected to submit within one year its replies, which will constitute its fifth periodic report. The Committee reques... | 51. In line with the Committee's predictable review cycle, the State Party will receive in 2031 the Committee’s list of issues prior to submission of the report and will be expected to submit within one year its replies, which will constitute its fifth periodic report. The Committee requests the State Party, in prepari... | CCPR | Latvia | CCPR/C/LVA/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7df64d14-e39f-43d9-a5b0-699f41b8c7f1 | AnnotationId: 7fb4b6f8-9431-4d45-ae13-f6d2cef0f35a |
8d64e331-4a7a-40df-8b3b-73cbf09882fa | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Youth & juveniles",
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors"
] | [
"Cooperation & Follow up with Treaty Bodies",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Civil & political rights - general measures of implementation"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Implementation of the Covenant and the Optional Protocol 5.Recalling its previous concluding observations, the Committee remains concerned about the absence of judicial decisions by the national courts invoking the Covenant during the reporting period. It notes that the low number of complaints received under the first... | 5. Recalling its previous concluding observations, the Committee remains concerned about the absence of judicial decisions by the national courts invoking the Covenant during the reporting period. It notes that the low number of complaints received under the first Optional Protocol may indicate a lack of awareness of t... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 8d64e331-4a7a-40df-8b3b-73cbf09882fa |
2e01c6bf-39f9-475a-9229-7213006dc425 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors"
] | [
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Access to justice & remedy"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Implementation of the Covenant and the Optional Protocol 6. The State Party should take all steps necessary to increase awareness of the provisions of the Covenant and ensure its application by the national courts, including through regular training for judges, prosecutors, lawyers and law enforcement officials. It sho... | 6. The State Party should take all steps necessary to increase awareness of the provisions of the Covenant and ensure its application by the national courts, including through regular training for judges, prosecutors, lawyers and law enforcement officials. It should also continue raising awareness of the complaints pro... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 2e01c6bf-39f9-475a-9229-7213006dc425 |
99bee62c-fb48-4395-b182-29b054dfb975 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Persons with disabilities"
] | [
"Human trafficking & contemporary forms of slavery",
"National Human Rights Institution (NHRI)",
"Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)"
] | [
"16.a - Strong institutions to prevent violence, terrorism and crime",
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS"
] | National human rights institution 7.The Committee regrets that the Ombudsman’s Office is still not fully compliant with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (the Paris Principles), as it was accredited with B status by the Global Alliance of Nat... | 7. The Committee regrets that the Ombudsman’s Office is still not fully compliant with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (the Paris Principles), as it was accredited with B status by the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions i... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 99bee62c-fb48-4395-b182-29b054dfb975 |
b36f770c-c781-4bc1-8e6d-bfbb99b51015 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [] | [
"National Human Rights Institution (NHRI)",
"Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)"
] | [
"16.a - Strong institutions to prevent violence, terrorism and crime",
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS"
] | National human rights institution 8. The State P arty should take all measures necessary to ensure that the Ombudsman’s Office fully complies with the Paris Principles and is able to carry out its mandate fully, effectively and independently. In particular, the State P arty should intensify its efforts to adopt a legal... | 8. The State Party should take all measures necessary to ensure that the Ombudsman’s Office fully complies with the Paris Principles and is able to carry out its mandate fully, effectively and independently. In particular, the State Party should intensify its efforts to adopt a legal framework governing all functions o... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: b36f770c-c781-4bc1-8e6d-bfbb99b51015 |
b527fe2c-90a8-4a72-947e-067b7cf9d5b2 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Human rights defenders & activists",
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [
"Good governance & corruption",
"Legal & institutional reform"
] | [
"16.5 - Reduce corruption and bribery"
] | Anti-corruption measures 9.The Committee notes the important measures taken to address corruption, including the work of the State Commission for Prevention of Corruption, as well as the plans to update the Law on Prevention of Corruption and Conflict of Interest of 2019 and the Whistle-Blower Protection Law. However, ... | 9. The Committee notes the important measures taken to address corruption, including the work of the State Commission for Prevention of Corruption, as well as the plans to update the Law on Prevention of Corruption and Conflict of Interest of 2019 and the Whistle-Blower Protection Law. However, the Committee is concern... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: b527fe2c-90a8-4a72-947e-067b7cf9d5b2 |
88d107dc-4809-41fc-bb7f-4464220355c7 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Human rights defenders & activists",
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Public officials",
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [
"Business & Human Rights",
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Good governance & corruption",
"Administration of justice & fair trial",
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"National Human Rights Action Plans (or specific areas) / implementation plans",
"Cons... | [
"16.5 - Reduce corruption and bribery",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Anti-corruption measures 10. The State Party should: (a) Redouble its efforts to investigate promptly, thoroughly, independently and impartially all allegations of corruption at all levels, including in the judiciary and the prison administration, ensure that perpetrators are prosecuted and, if convicted, are punished ... | 10. The State Party should: (a) Redouble its efforts to investigate promptly, thoroughly, independently and impartially all allegations of corruption at all levels, including in the judiciary and the prison administration, ensure that perpetrators are prosecuted and, if convicted, are punished with penalties commensura... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 88d107dc-4809-41fc-bb7f-4464220355c7 |
27ce48e3-81b7-4ef1-a940-355143c16a63 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Freedom of opinion and expression & access to information"
] | [
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms",
"10.3 - Ensure equal opportunities and end discrimination"
] | Non-discrimination and hate speech 11.The Committee welcomes the adoption in 2020 of the Law on Prevention and Protection Against Discrimination which has renewal and strengthening of the Commission for Prevention of and Protection against Discrimination, which can receive and review complaints of discrimination by pub... | 11. The Committee welcomes the adoption in 2020 of the Law on Prevention and Protection Against Discrimination which has renewal and strengthening of the Commission for Prevention of and Protection against Discrimination, which can receive and review complaints of discrimination by public and private actors. However, i... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 27ce48e3-81b7-4ef1-a940-355143c16a63 |
abb4996f-22ab-4255-908f-99de6ee7908f | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms",
"10.3 - Ensure equal opportunities and end discrimination"
] | Non-discrimination and hate speech 12. The State P arty should take all measures necessary to ensure that the Commission for Prevention of and Protection a gainst Discrimination is able to carry out its mandate fully, effectively and independently and , in particular , that it has all the necessary resources to perform... | 12. The State Party should take all measures necessary to ensure that the Commission for Prevention of and Protection a gainst Discrimination is able to carry out its mandate fully, effectively and independently and , in particular , that it has all the necessary resources to perform its functions. | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: abb4996f-22ab-4255-908f-99de6ee7908f |
d776a67c-0fa8-409e-b4df-adbe5b081780 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender and intersex persons (LGBTI)"
] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"10.3 - Ensure equal opportunities and end discrimination"
] | Non-discrimination and hate speech 13.The Committee welcomes the inclusion of gender identity and sexual orientation among the aggravating circumstances that qualify criminal acts as hate crimes and the initiative to revise the Criminal Code to establish a stand-alone offence of hate speech. However, it is concerned ab... | 13. The Committee welcomes the inclusion of gender identity and sexual orientation among the aggravating circumstances that qualify criminal acts as hate crimes and the initiative to revise the Criminal Code to establish a stand-alone offence of hate speech. However, it is concerned about the lack of clarity in the leg... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: d776a67c-0fa8-409e-b4df-adbe5b081780 |
c7471672-8e55-4df9-8d59-865f291195bf | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Roma, Gypsies, Sinti & Travellers",
"Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender and intersex persons (LGBTI)",
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors",
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups"
] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Racial discrimination",
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Data collection & research"
] | [
"4.7 - Education for sustainable development and global citizenship",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all",
"10.3 - Ensure equal opportunities and end discrimination"
] | Non-discrimination and hate speech 14. The State Party should strengthen its efforts to combat hate speech and hate crimes, in particular against Roma and Muslims, by, inter alia: (a) Ensuring that the definition of hate speech and hate crimes in the Criminal Code currently being amended compl ies with international st... | 14. The State Party should strengthen its efforts to combat hate speech and hate crimes, in particular against Roma and Muslims, by, inter alia: (a) Ensuring that the definition of hate speech and hate crimes in the Criminal Code currently being amended compl ies with international standards and takes into account all ... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: c7471672-8e55-4df9-8d59-865f291195bf |
779fb075-54fe-41d7-9a15-f0da61169e2f | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender and intersex persons (LGBTI)"
] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination"
] | [
"10.3 - Ensure equal opportunities and end discrimination"
] | Non-discrimination and hate speech 15.The Committee is also concerned about the reported anti-gender movements countrywide and by the continued absence of legal recognition and protection of same-sex couples (arts. 2, 17 and 26). | 15. The Committee is also concerned about the reported anti-gender movements countrywide and by the continued absence of legal recognition and protection of same-sex couples (arts. 2, 17 and 26). | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 779fb075-54fe-41d7-9a15-f0da61169e2f |
8113c3f4-e324-4ac2-8f90-ab105d592ab0 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender and intersex persons (LGBTI)"
] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [
"4.7 - Education for sustainable development and global citizenship",
"10.3 - Ensure equal opportunities and end discrimination"
] | Non-discrimination and hate speech 16. The State Party should: (a) Adopt or amend legislation with a view to ensuring the legal recognition of same-sex couples; (b) S trengthen public awareness-raising campaigns to address social and cultural patterns and stereotypes that encourage and perpetuate gender inequalities . | 16. The State Party should: (a) Adopt or amend legislation with a view to ensuring the legal recognition of same-sex couples; (b) Strengthen public awareness-raising campaigns to address social and cultural patterns and stereotypes that encourage and perpetuate gender inequalities . | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 8113c3f4-e324-4ac2-8f90-ab105d592ab0 |
087a6a0f-3250-4533-b7cc-83bbcf1c7f03 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Persons living in poverty",
"Roma, Gypsies, Sinti & Travellers",
"Women & girls",
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups"
] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Arbitrary arrest & detention",
"Human rights & poverty",
"Labour rights and right to work",
"National Human Rights Action Plans (or specific areas) / implementation plans",
"Right to health",
"Data collection & research",
"Discrimination against women",
"Right to ed... | [
"5.1 - End discrimination against women and girls",
"10.2 - Promote universal social, economical and political inclusion",
"4.5 - No discrimination in education",
"11.1 - Safe and affordable housing",
"4.a - Build and upgrade inclusive and safe schools",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
... | Rights of the Roma 17.The Committee welcomes the adoption of the Strategy for the Inclusion of Roma 2022–2030 and the progress achieved in addressing school segregation, increasing employment of Roma women and improving the assignment of social housing. However, it reiterates its concern that members of the Roma commun... | 17. The Committee welcomes the adoption of the Strategy for the Inclusion of Roma 2022–2030 and the progress achieved in addressing school segregation, increasing employment of Roma women and improving the assignment of social housing. However, it reiterates its concern that members of the Roma community continue to ex... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 087a6a0f-3250-4533-b7cc-83bbcf1c7f03 |
a674a854-333d-48e0-989d-29bd4d11e92d | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Children",
"Persons living in poverty",
"Roma, Gypsies, Sinti & Travellers",
"Public officials",
"Educational staff & students",
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups"
] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Human rights & poverty",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Right to participate in public affairs & right to vote",
"Data collection & research",
"Right to education",
"Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)",
"Right to an adequat... | [
"16.7 - Responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making",
"4.5 - No discrimination in education",
"1.2 - Reduce poverty at least by 50%",
"1 - NO POVERTY",
"10 - REDUCED INEQUALITIES",
"4.a - Build and upgrade inclusive and safe schools",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"16.3... | Rights of the Roma 18. The State Party should strengthen the measures to address discrimination and marginalization against the Roma community, including by: (a) Tak ing all measures necessary to ensure that no one is arbitrarily deprived of their right to leave the State P arty’s territory and that any allegation of e... | 18. The State Party should strengthen the measures to address discrimination and marginalization against the Roma community, including by: (a) Taking all measures necessary to ensure that no one is arbitrarily deprived of their right to leave the State Party's territory and that any allegation of ethnic profiling by bo... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: a674a854-333d-48e0-989d-29bd4d11e92d |
20d33a8c-b8f1-476c-aea3-5a06ff20a41c | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Women & girls",
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups"
] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Advancement of women",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Right to participate in public affairs & right to vote",
"Participation of women in political & public life",
"Discrimination against women"
] | [
"16.7 - Responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making",
"5.c - Adopt policies and enforce legislation for gender equality",
"5.5 - Equal opportunities and participation in leadership",
"10.3 - Ensure equal opportunities and end discrimination"
] | Gender equality 19.The Committee welcomes the steady progress in increasing the participation of women in parliament and the introduction of gender quotas. However, it is concerned about the underrepresentation of women in all decision-making positions, such as mayorships and managerial positions. It is also concerned ... | 19. The Committee welcomes the steady progress in increasing the participation of women in parliament and the introduction of gender quotas. However, it is concerned about the underrepresentation of women in all decision-making positions, such as mayorships and managerial positions. It is also concerned about the low r... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 20d33a8c-b8f1-476c-aea3-5a06ff20a41c |
9426b6f3-d450-4c21-b8a6-1ce9a050fb81 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Women & girls",
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups"
] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Participation of women in political & public life",
"Discrimination against women"
] | [
"5.c - Adopt policies and enforce legislation for gender equality",
"5.5 - Equal opportunities and participation in leadership",
"10.3 - Ensure equal opportunities and end discrimination"
] | Gender equality 20. The State P arty should continue introducing measures to guarantee de jure and de facto equality between men and women. In particular , it should: (a) Strengthen its efforts to increase the representation of women, including women from all ethnic minority groups, in all spheres of society, including... | 20. The State Party should continue introducing measures to guarantee de jure and de facto equality between men and women. In particular , it should: (a) Strengthen its efforts to increase the representation of women, including women from all ethnic minority groups, in all spheres of society, including in positions not... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 9426b6f3-d450-4c21-b8a6-1ce9a050fb81 |
5c32d255-b1ea-4e61-a803-4997f528613c | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Youth & juveniles",
"Roma, Gypsies, Sinti & Travellers",
"Women & girls",
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups"
] | [
"Violence against women",
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Sexual & gender-based violence",
"Discrimination against women"
] | [
"5.2 - End all violence against and exploitation of women",
"10.3 - Ensure equal opportunities and end discrimination",
"3.4 - Reduce mortality from non-communicable diseases and promote mental health"
] | Violence against women, including domestic violence 21.Recalling its previous concluding observations, the Committee welcomes the notable steps taken to strengthen laws and policies for combating violence against women, in particular the amendments to the Criminal Code containing a definition of rape and sexual violenc... | 21. Recalling its previous concluding observations, the Committee welcomes the notable steps taken to strengthen laws and policies for combating violence against women, in particular the amendments to the Criminal Code containing a definition of rape and sexual violence based on the absence of consent and the adoption ... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 5c32d255-b1ea-4e61-a803-4997f528613c |
8c59e849-8f2a-484a-bb84-f3f5f992322b | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Women & girls",
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors"
] | [
"Violence against women",
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Right to life",
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Sexual & gender-based violence",
"Data collection & research",
"D... | [
"4.7 - Education for sustainable development and global citizenship",
"5.2 - End all violence against and exploitation of women",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all",
"3.4 - Reduce mortality from non-communicable diseases and promot... | Violence against women, including domestic violence 22. The State Party should continue its efforts to prevent, combat and eradicate all forms of violence against women and girls, including domestic violence, and ensure effective implementation of existing legislation. In particular, the State Party should : (a) Ensure... | 22. The State Party should continue its efforts to prevent, combat and eradicate all forms of violence against women and girls, including domestic violence, and ensure effective implementation of existing legislation. In particular, the State Party should : (a) Ensure that all cases of violence against women, including... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 8c59e849-8f2a-484a-bb84-f3f5f992322b |
87664f66-debd-4f0b-b8e0-82ff11bad938 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Persons living in rural areas",
"Women & girls"
] | [
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Sexual & reproductive health and rights"
] | [
"5.6 - Universal access to reproductive health and rights"
] | Voluntary termination of pregnancy and sexual and reproductive rights 23.The Committee welcomes the adoption of the Law on Termination of Pregnancy in 2019, which removed obstacles to the voluntary termination of pregnancy. However, the Committee is concerned about the limited availability of medical termination of pre... | 23. The Committee welcomes the adoption of the Law on Termination of Pregnancy in 2019, which removed obstacles to the voluntary termination of pregnancy. However, the Committee is concerned about the limited availability of medical termination of pregnancy outside Skopje, about the impact of this on women and girls in... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 87664f66-debd-4f0b-b8e0-82ff11bad938 |
99d57d74-8d81-4fef-9b03-cd4f4e1fd3f6 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Women & girls"
] | [
"Right to life",
"Sexual & reproductive health and rights"
] | [
"5.6 - Universal access to reproductive health and rights"
] | Voluntary termination of pregnancy and sexual and reproductive rights 24. Bearing in mind paragraph 8 of the Committee’s general comment No. 36 (2018) on the right to life, the State P arty should continue its efforts to guarantee safe , effective and affordable access to abortion for women and girls throughout the cou... | 24. Bearing in mind paragraph 8 of the Committee's general comment No. 36 (2018) on the right to life, the State Party should continue its efforts to guarantee safe , effective and affordable access to abortion for women and girls throughout the country . | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 99d57d74-8d81-4fef-9b03-cd4f4e1fd3f6 |
863a46f6-eb04-49be-a676-e8fac7aa3bd5 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [
"Administration of justice & fair trial",
"Liberty & security of the person",
"Conditions of detention"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Liberty and security of person 25.The Committee welcomes the increased use of alternatives to pretrial detention but is concerned about the excessive length of pretrial detention, which can last up to a year for offences that carry the penalty of 15 years’ imprisonment and up to two years for offences that carry the pe... | 25. The Committee welcomes the increased use of alternatives to pretrial detention but is concerned about the excessive length of pretrial detention, which can last up to a year for offences that carry the penalty of 15 years’ imprisonment and up to two years for offences that carry the penalty of life imprisonment. It... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 863a46f6-eb04-49be-a676-e8fac7aa3bd5 |
2161b23b-ab9f-4f9d-97b1-6d8882ecf317 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [
"Administration of justice & fair trial",
"Liberty & security of the person"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Liberty and security of person 26. Taking into account the Committee’s general comment No. 35 (2014) on liberty and security of person, the State Party should e nsure that pretrial detention is applied only as an exceptional measure , for a limited period of time and on the bas is of an assessment of individual circums... | 26. Taking into account the Committee’s general comment No. 35 (2014) on liberty and security of person, the State Party should ensure that pretrial detention is applied only as an exceptional measure , for a limited period of time and on the bas is of an assessment of individual circumstances and is subject to regular... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 2161b23b-ab9f-4f9d-97b1-6d8882ecf317 |
4ffaa8e2-2c35-4917-9f54-6efa40282d05 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Civil society",
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups"
] | [
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Prohibition of torture & ill-treatment (including cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment)",
"Data collection & research",
"National Human Rights Institution (NHRI)"
] | [
"16.1 - Reduce violence everywhere",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and excessive use of force 27.The Committee welcomes the establishment of the Civil Control Mechanism within the Ombudsman’s Office, which works with civil society organizations and has the capacity to carry out visits to places of detention, examine complaints of exc... | 27. The Committee welcomes the establishment of the Civil Control Mechanism within the Ombudsman’s Office, which works with civil society organizations and has the capacity to carry out visits to places of detention, examine complaints of excessive use of force by police officers, provide legal support and issue early ... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 4ffaa8e2-2c35-4917-9f54-6efa40282d05 |
81e464a4-c22d-4545-a776-6b6c1060f10b | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees",
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups"
] | [
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Prohibition of torture & ill-treatment (including cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment)",
"Data collection & research",
"National Human Rights Institution (NHRI)",
"Conditions of detention",
"National Preventive Mechanism (NPM)"
] | [
"16.a - Strong institutions to prevent violence, terrorism and crime",
"16.1 - Reduce violence everywhere",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and excessive use of force 28. The State Party should: (a) Conduct thorough, independent and impartial investigations into all allegations of ill-treatment in custody , in accordance with the Manual on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other... | 28. The State Party should: (a) Conduct thorough, independent and impartial investigations into all allegations of ill-treatment in custody , in accordance with the Manual on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Istanbul Protocol), a nd ... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 81e464a4-c22d-4545-a776-6b6c1060f10b |
7cfc655b-49ab-4d7e-aff5-7e35c8ab2f51 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Children",
"Youth & juveniles",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [
"Good governance & corruption",
"Children: juvenile justice",
"Liberty & security of the person",
"Right to food",
"Conditions of detention",
"Safe drinking water & sanitation"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"2.1 - Universal access to safe and nutritious food",
"6.1 - Safe and affordable drinking water",
"16.5 - Reduce corruption and bribery"
] | Treatment of persons deprived of their liberty 29.The Committee is concerned about reports of severe overcrowding, understaffing and obsolete infrastructure in prisons, as well as corruption of prison staff who accept bribes for privileges or contraband, particularly at Idrizovo Prison. It notes the State Party’s effor... | 29. The Committee is concerned about reports of severe overcrowding, understaffing and obsolete infrastructure in prisons, as well as corruption of prison staff who accept bribes for privileges or contraband, particularly at Idrizovo Prison. It notes the State Party’s efforts to address overcrowding in prisons through ... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 7cfc655b-49ab-4d7e-aff5-7e35c8ab2f51 |
fd1f3d1f-a707-40f3-8861-cd55ea885384 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Children",
"Youth & juveniles",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [
"Children: juvenile justice",
"Administration of justice & fair trial",
"Right to food",
"Conditions of detention",
"Safe drinking water & sanitation"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"2.1 - Universal access to safe and nutritious food",
"6.1 - Safe and affordable drinking water",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Treatment of persons deprived of their liberty 30. The State Party should continue its efforts to improve conditions of detention and ensure that they are in full compliance with the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules) and other relevant international standard... | 30. The State Party should continue its efforts to improve conditions of detention and ensure that they are in full compliance with the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules) and other relevant international standards. It should, in particular: (a) Enhance the me... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: fd1f3d1f-a707-40f3-8861-cd55ea885384 |
02c2e468-b8ff-4255-8e19-7b6602abb424 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Civil society",
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Public officials",
"Social workers",
"Women & girls"
] | [
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Cooperation & consultation with civil society",
"Human trafficking & contemporary forms of slavery",
"Sexual & gender-based violence"
] | [
"16.7 - Responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making",
"5.2 - End all violence against and exploitation of women",
"8.7 - End modern slavery, trafficking and child labour",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all",
"5.5 - Equal opportunities and participation in leadership"... | Elimination of slavery, servitude and trafficking in persons 31.The Committee welcomes the introduction of the principle whereby victims of trafficking in persons are not punished for offences they were forced to commit as a result of being trafficked, the granting of temporary residence for the period of recovery and ... | 31. The Committee welcomes the introduction of the principle whereby victims of trafficking in persons are not punished for offences they were forced to commit as a result of being trafficked, the granting of temporary residence for the period of recovery and reflection provided for in the 2018 Law on Foreigners, the a... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 02c2e468-b8ff-4255-8e19-7b6602abb424 |
50add31c-e4f5-4ba8-8f35-1f14d612bcf0 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Public officials",
"Vulnerable persons/groups",
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors"
] | [
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Human trafficking & contemporary forms of slavery",
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Sexual & gender-based violence",
"Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)"
] | [
"5.2 - End all violence against and exploitation of women",
"8.7 - End modern slavery, trafficking and child labour",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Elimination of slavery, servitude and trafficking in persons 32. The State Party should further strengthen its efforts to effectively prevent, combat and punish trafficking in persons, particularly for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labour, including by: (a) Ensuring that perpetrators , including public... | 32. The State Party should further strengthen its efforts to effectively prevent, combat and punish trafficking in persons, particularly for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labour, including by: (a) Ensuring that perpetrators , including public officials, are effectively prosecuted and, if convicted, are... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 50add31c-e4f5-4ba8-8f35-1f14d612bcf0 |
312525e1-7f08-4be9-abbe-5307d12f908e | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Refugees & asylum seekers",
"Children",
"Migrants",
"Stateless persons",
"Women & girls"
] | [
"Arbitrary arrest & detention",
"Labour rights and right to work",
"Right to education"
] | [
"10.7 - Responsible and well-managed migration policies",
"10.2 - Promote universal social, economical and political inclusion",
"4.5 - No discrimination in education",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Treatment of aliens, including migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers, and statelessness 33.The Committee has received reliable reports of the overall inadequacy of the asylum procedure, including limited access to free legal aid, the unregulated status of transit centres, and the absence of an integration framework. Th... | 33. The Committee has received reliable reports of the overall inadequacy of the asylum procedure, including limited access to free legal aid, the unregulated status of transit centres, and the absence of an integration framework. The Committee has also been informed of significant delays in the issuance of identificat... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 312525e1-7f08-4be9-abbe-5307d12f908e |
f59c964b-fa66-4da7-abd9-51043fce3a28 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Refugees & asylum seekers",
"Children",
"Migrants",
"Stateless persons",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees",
"Non-citizens"
] | [
"Freedom of movement",
"Arbitrary arrest & detention",
"Administration of justice & fair trial",
"Children: definition; general principles; protection",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [
"10.7 - Responsible and well-managed migration policies",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Treatment of aliens, including migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers, and statelessness 34. The State Party should ensure that all persons seeking international protection have unfettered access to the national territory and to fair and efficient procedures for the individualized determination of refugee status or elig... | 34. The State Party should ensure that all persons seeking international protection have unfettered access to the national territory and to fair and efficient procedures for the individualized determination of refugee status or eligibility for international protection in order to ensure respect for the principle of non... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: f59c964b-fa66-4da7-abd9-51043fce3a28 |
21c65c40-d6e4-4755-9074-8c9a8ac647e0 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Refugees & asylum seekers",
"Children",
"Roma, Gypsies, Sinti & Travellers",
"Migrants",
"Stateless persons",
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups",
"Non-citizens"
] | [
"Rights related to name, identity & nationality"
] | [
"16.9 - Universal legal identity and birth registration"
] | Treatment of aliens, including migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers, and statelessness 35.The Committee welcomes the State Party’s accession to the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, the enactment of the Law on Citizenship on 8 August 2021, which addresses the statelessness caseload in relation to the forme... | 35. The Committee welcomes the State Party’s accession to the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, the enactment of the Law on Citizenship on 8 August 2021, which addresses the statelessness caseload in relation to the former Yugoslavia, and the efforts undertaken to address the situation of persons lacking pe... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 21c65c40-d6e4-4755-9074-8c9a8ac647e0 |
14011914-d9a4-4448-a36d-c888d61df394 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Refugees & asylum seekers",
"Children",
"Roma, Gypsies, Sinti & Travellers",
"Migrants",
"Stateless persons",
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups",
"Non-citizens"
] | [
"Rights related to name, identity & nationality"
] | [
"16.9 - Universal legal identity and birth registration"
] | Treatment of aliens, including migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers, and statelessness 36. The State P arty should pursue its efforts to prevent and address statelessness, and ensure the immediate and systematic birth and civil registration of all children, including from the Roma communit y. It should also ensure tha... | 36. The State Party should pursue its efforts to prevent and address statelessness, and ensure the immediate and systematic birth and civil registration of all children, including from the Roma community. It should also ensure that it provides birth certificates free-of-charge in hospitals before the mother is discharg... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 14011914-d9a4-4448-a36d-c888d61df394 |
04c8d42c-66e2-444c-b601-eb9e7883dba8 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors"
] | [
"Good governance & corruption",
"Administration of justice & fair trial",
"National Human Rights Action Plans (or specific areas) / implementation plans",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Access to justice, independence of the judiciary and fair trial 37.The Committee welcomes the reforms to the justice system undertaken between 2017 and 2024 and the adoption of the development strategy for the justice system 2024–2028 but is concerned about the lack of transparency in the appointment and promotion of j... | 37. The Committee welcomes the reforms to the justice system undertaken between 2017 and 2024 and the adoption of the development strategy for the justice system 2024–2028 but is concerned about the lack of transparency in the appointment and promotion of judges and the lack of reasoning of decisions in these matters. ... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 04c8d42c-66e2-444c-b601-eb9e7883dba8 |
1b5fbe67-bb3d-4d51-b33e-e0c592ffa4f5 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors"
] | [
"Good governance & corruption",
"Administration of justice & fair trial",
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)"
] | [
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Access to justice, independence of the judiciary and fair trial 38. The State P arty should: (a) Promptly adopt the bill on the Judicial Council, in line with the provisions of the Covenant and relevant international standards, thus ensuring that judges are selected on the basis of competency and independence criteria;... | 38. The State Party should: (a) Promptly adopt the bill on the Judicial Council, in line with the provisions of the Covenant and relevant international standards, thus ensuring that judges are selected on the basis of competency and independence criteria; (b) Increase the budgetary resources allocated to the functionin... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 1b5fbe67-bb3d-4d51-b33e-e0c592ffa4f5 |
78e09449-3e87-49a5-b4a0-2a73b0771bea | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [] | [
"Private life & privacy",
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms"
] | Right to privacy 39.The Committee welcomes the legal reforms undertaken, such as the adoption of the laws on monitoring of communications and the operational and technical agency. However, it is concerned about the reported instances of unlawful surveillance, in particular the “target fortress” cases, and the fact that... | 39. The Committee welcomes the legal reforms undertaken, such as the adoption of the laws on monitoring of communications and the operational and technical agency. However, it is concerned about the reported instances of unlawful surveillance, in particular the “target fortress” cases, and the fact that several individ... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 78e09449-3e87-49a5-b4a0-2a73b0771bea |
3d9f222c-0ff7-4d1e-8d4d-4e23f03da285 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors"
] | [
"Good governance & corruption",
"Administration of justice & fair trial",
"Private life & privacy",
"Access to justice & remedy"
] | [
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Right to privacy 40. The State P arty should ensure that surveillance activities and any other interference with privacy are carried out in full compliance with article 17 of the Covenant and with the principles of legality, proportionality and necessity. In particular, it should ensure that: (a) I ndependent oversight... | 40. The State Party should ensure that surveillance activities and any other interference with privacy are carried out in full compliance with article 17 of the Covenant and with the principles of legality, proportionality and necessity. In particular, it should ensure that: (a) Independent oversight mechanisms are in ... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 3d9f222c-0ff7-4d1e-8d4d-4e23f03da285 |
7e4dd0e4-177a-4d2e-a04f-be8cfd546759 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups"
] | [
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Freedom of thought, conscience & religion",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms"
] | Freedom of conscience and religious belief 41.The Committee welcomes the amendments to the law on the legal status of churches, religious communities and religious groups to facilitate registration and allow civil oversight of this process. However, the Committee remains concerned about reports that the registration pr... | 41. The Committee welcomes the amendments to the law on the legal status of churches, religious communities and religious groups to facilitate registration and allow civil oversight of this process. However, the Committee remains concerned about reports that the registration process remains slow and that smaller religi... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 7e4dd0e4-177a-4d2e-a04f-be8cfd546759 |
66aaf9ed-3593-4dc8-bb53-305682b54629 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups"
] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Freedom of thought, conscience & religion"
] | [
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms",
"10.3 - Ensure equal opportunities and end discrimination"
] | Freedom of conscience and religious belief 42. The State Party should take appropriate measures to ensure that the laws and procedures governing the registration of religious groups are applied consistently, expeditiously and without discrimination and do not involve burdensome administrative requirements. In addition,... | 42. The State Party should take appropriate measures to ensure that the laws and procedures governing the registration of religious groups are applied consistently, expeditiously and without discrimination and do not involve burdensome administrative requirements. In addition, it should guarantee that the principle of ... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 66aaf9ed-3593-4dc8-bb53-305682b54629 |
bfc1bece-eaf7-4288-9d34-d643ccfbfc40 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Media"
] | [
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Good governance & corruption",
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Freedom of opinion and expression & access to information"
] | [
"16.5 - Reduce corruption and bribery",
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Freedom of expression 43.The Committee welcomes the amendment of the Criminal Code enabling the public prosecutor to prosecute offences against journalists ex officio and establishing aggravated forms of offences perpetrated against journalists. It also welcomes the decriminalization of the offence of defamation, which... | 43. The Committee welcomes the amendment of the Criminal Code enabling the public prosecutor to prosecute offences against journalists ex officio and establishing aggravated forms of offences perpetrated against journalists. It also welcomes the decriminalization of the offence of defamation, which is now addressed und... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: bfc1bece-eaf7-4288-9d34-d643ccfbfc40 |
80306312-8a74-42f4-ac00-9117a427fe55 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Human rights defenders & activists",
"Media"
] | [
"Good governance & corruption",
"Freedom of opinion and expression & access to information"
] | [
"16.1 - Reduce violence everywhere",
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms"
] | Freedom of expression 44. The State Party should take all measures necessary to guarantee the full enjoyment of freedom of expression, in accordance with article 19 of the Covenant and the Committee’s general comment No. 34 (2011) on the freedoms of opinion and expression. In particular, it should: (a) Prevent and comb... | 44. The State Party should take all measures necessary to guarantee the full enjoyment of freedom of expression, in accordance with article 19 of the Covenant and the Committee’s general comment No. 34 (2011) on the freedoms of opinion and expression. In particular, it should: (a) Prevent and combat all acts of harassm... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 80306312-8a74-42f4-ac00-9117a427fe55 |
5d4954be-a8f9-4755-8e51-60088bf18e8b | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Children",
"Roma, Gypsies, Sinti & Travellers",
"Women & girls",
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups",
"Persons with disabilities"
] | [
"Rights related to marriage & family",
"Legal & institutional reform",
"National Human Rights Action Plans (or specific areas) / implementation plans",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Prohibition of torture & ill-treatment (including cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment)"
] | [
"16.2 - Protect children from abuse, exploitation, trafficking and violence",
"5.3 - Eliminate forced marriages and genital mutilation"
] | Rights of the child 45.While welcoming the National Strategy for the Deinstitutionalization of Children and the prohibition of solitary confinement of children, contained in the amended law on sanctions enforcement of 2019, the Committee is concerned about reports of cases of ill‑treatment of children, especially of Ro... | 45. While welcoming the National Strategy for the Deinstitutionalization of Children and the prohibition of solitary confinement of children, contained in the amended law on sanctions enforcement of 2019, the Committee is concerned about reports of cases of ill‐treatment of children, especially of Roma boys and of chil... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 5d4954be-a8f9-4755-8e51-60088bf18e8b |
a23332f1-b1b7-4b6c-985d-02a68df2a284 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Children",
"Roma, Gypsies, Sinti & Travellers",
"Women & girls",
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups",
"Persons with disabilities"
] | [
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Persons with disabilities: protection against exploitation, violence & abuse",
"Children: definition; general principles; protection",
"Access to justice & remedy"
] | [
"16.2 - Protect children from abuse, exploitation, trafficking and violence",
"5.2 - End all violence against and exploitation of women",
"5.3 - Eliminate forced marriages and genital mutilation",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Rights of the child 46. The State Party should redouble its efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against children, particularly against Roma children and against children with disabilities, both at home and in public institutions . It should also : (a) Ensure that all allegations of any form of violence against o... | 46. The State Party should redouble its efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against children, particularly against Roma children and against children with disabilities, both at home and in public institutions . It should also : (a) Ensure that all allegations of any form of violence against or abuse of children ... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: a23332f1-b1b7-4b6c-985d-02a68df2a284 |
133b6836-1d94-4be4-976c-0e604caf7804 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors",
"Persons with disabilities"
] | [
"Good governance & corruption",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Persons with disabilities: accessibility, mobility",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Ratification of & accession to international instruments",
"Right to participate in public affairs & right to vote",
"... | [
"16.5 - Reduce corruption and bribery"
] | Participation in public affairs 47.The Committee welcomes the efforts made to facilitate access to voting rights for persons with disabilities, including through the use of Braille during voting and elections. However, it highlights the persistent barriers faced by persons with disabilities in accessing polling station... | 47. The Committee welcomes the efforts made to facilitate access to voting rights for persons with disabilities, including through the use of Braille during voting and elections. However, it highlights the persistent barriers faced by persons with disabilities in accessing polling stations and their continued underrepr... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 133b6836-1d94-4be4-976c-0e604caf7804 |
17b22316-1eb1-494f-b2b7-6c4494aedd71 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Persons with disabilities"
] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Good governance & corruption",
"Right to participate in public affairs & right to vote",
"Persons with disabilities: independence, inclusion"
] | [] | Participation in public affairs 48. In accordance with article 25 of the Covenant and the Committee’s general comment No. 25 (1996) on participation in public affairs and the right to vote, the State Party should take all measures necessary to ensure the full and effective enjoyment and exercise of the right to partici... | 48. In accordance with article 25 of the Covenant and the Committee’s general comment No. 25 (1996) on participation in public affairs and the right to vote, the State Party should take all measures necessary to ensure the full and effective enjoyment and exercise of the right to participate in public affairs, includin... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 17b22316-1eb1-494f-b2b7-6c4494aedd71 |
1817197e-0720-4b66-b58f-b4331d90e51e | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups"
] | [
"Cultural rights",
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Right to participate in public affairs & right to vote"
] | [
"4.7 - Education for sustainable development and global citizenship",
"4.5 - No discrimination in education",
"4.a - Build and upgrade inclusive and safe schools"
] | Rights of minorities 49.The Committee welcomes the fact that opportunities are available to learn a second, locally recognized official language in schools in certain municipalities and the establishment of grants to support educational activities relating to the State Party’s multi-ethnic society. However, the Committ... | 49. The Committee welcomes the fact that opportunities are available to learn a second, locally recognized official language in schools in certain municipalities and the establishment of grants to support educational activities relating to the State Party’s multi-ethnic society. However, the Committee is concerned abou... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 1817197e-0720-4b66-b58f-b4331d90e51e |
6f9244e5-5970-4598-ac2e-fade5984b988 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups"
] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Right to participate in public affairs & right to vote"
] | [
"16.7 - Responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making",
"11.4 - Protect the world's cultural and natural heritage",
"10.3 - Ensure equal opportunities and end discrimination"
] | Rights of minorities 50. The State Party should step up its efforts to ensure the protection and recognition, both in law and in practice, of the rights of minorities. In this regard, it should: (a) P rovide the Agency for Community Rights Realization with the financial and human resources necessary to carry out its fu... | 50. The State Party should step up its efforts to ensure the protection and recognition, both in law and in practice, of the rights of minorities. In this regard, it should: (a) Provide the Agency for Community Rights Realization with the financial and human resources necessary to carry out its functions effectively; (... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 6f9244e5-5970-4598-ac2e-fade5984b988 |
b26b684d-e8e8-435e-a9f4-175bb5c99775 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Civil society",
"Public officials",
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors"
] | [
"Cooperation & consultation with civil society",
"Cooperation & Follow up with Treaty Bodies",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Civil & political rights - general measures of implementation"
] | [] | D.Dissemination and follow-up 51. The State P arty should widely disseminate the Covenant, the two Optional Protocols thereto, its fourth periodic report and the present concluding observations, with a view to raising awareness of the rights enshrined in the Covenant among the judicial, legislative and administrative a... | 51. The State Party should widely disseminate the Covenant, the two Optional Protocols thereto, its fourth periodic report and the present concluding observations, with a view to raising awareness of the rights enshrined in the Covenant among the judicial, legislative and administrative authorities, civil society and n... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: b26b684d-e8e8-435e-a9f4-175bb5c99775 |
adbbdc98-5f34-4ee6-8588-2acbb671dff0 | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Refugees & asylum seekers",
"Children",
"Migrants",
"Stateless persons",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [
"Cooperation & Follow up with Treaty Bodies"
] | [] | D.Dissemination and follow-up 52. In accordance with rule 75 (1) of the Committee’s rules of procedure, the State P arty is requested to provide, by 18 July 2028, information on the implementation of the recommendations made by the Committee in paragraphs 26 (liberty and security of person ), 34 ( t reatment of aliens,... | 52. In accordance with rule 75 (1) of the Committee’s rules of procedure, the State Party is requested to provide, by 18 July 2028, information on the implementation of the recommendations made by the Committee in paragraphs 26 (liberty and security of person ), 34 ( treatment of aliens, including migrants, refugees an... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: adbbdc98-5f34-4ee6-8588-2acbb671dff0 |
036ecef0-10b4-47c5-bd31-4cbf4434c21d | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | CCPR | 2025-07-21 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"North Macedonia"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Civil society"
] | [
"Cooperation & consultation with civil society",
"Cooperation & Follow up with Treaty Bodies"
] | [] | D.Dissemination and follow-up 53. In line with the Committee’s predictable review cycle, the State P arty will receive in 2031 the Committee’s list of issues prior to the submission of the report and will be expected to submit within one year its replies, which will constitute its fifth periodic report. The Committee r... | 53. In line with the Committee’s predictable review cycle, the State Party will receive in 2031 the Committee’s list of issues prior to the submission of the report and will be expected to submit within one year its replies, which will constitute its fifth periodic report. The Committee requests the State Party, in pre... | CCPR | North Macedonia | CCPR/C/MKD/CO/4 | 2025 | DocumentId: 58dc09d7-bd85-4108-9094-a5946703f780 | AnnotationId: 036ecef0-10b4-47c5-bd31-4cbf4434c21d |
879e106c-b6fb-45fe-9308-14489db23130 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors"
] | [
"Cooperation & Follow up with Treaty Bodies",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising"
] | [
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data"
] | Implementation of the Covenant 4.Recalling its previous concluding observations, the Committee remains concerned about the reported lack of awareness of the Covenant and the absence of legal cases in which the Covenant has been invoked in national courts. In addition, the Committee is concerned by the absence of a nati... | 4. Recalling its previous concluding observations, the Committee remains concerned about the reported lack of awareness of the Covenant and the absence of legal cases in which the Covenant has been invoked in national courts. In addition, the Committee is concerned by the absence of a national mechanism to ensure an in... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 879e106c-b6fb-45fe-9308-14489db23130 |
39d9a009-c967-4c5c-87bf-250b3b16cd52 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors"
] | [
"Cooperation & Follow up with Treaty Bodies",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Implementation of the Covenant 5. The State Party should implement appropriate measures to increase awareness of the Covenant and of the jurisprudence of the Committee, and ensure its application in national courts, including through regular training for judges, prosecutors, lawyers and law enforcement officials. The S... | 5. The State Party should implement appropriate measures to increase awareness of the Covenant and of the jurisprudence of the Committee, and ensure its application in national courts, including through regular training for judges, prosecutors, lawyers and law enforcement officials. The State Party should also establis... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 39d9a009-c967-4c5c-87bf-250b3b16cd52 |
b94d19b3-884b-497b-9da0-3a6459bf8427 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [] | [
"National Human Rights Institution (NHRI)",
"Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)"
] | [
"16.a - Strong institutions to prevent violence, terrorism and crime",
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data"
] | National human rights institution 6.Recalling its previous concluding observations (para. 7), the Committee welcomes the delegation’s indication that a new law is due to be adopted in 2025 to ensure that the Protector of Human Rights and Freedoms of Montenegro is fully in line with the principles relating to the status... | 6. Recalling its previous concluding observations (para. 7), the Committee welcomes the delegation’s indication that a new law is due to be adopted in 2025 to ensure that the Protector of Human Rights and Freedoms of Montenegro is fully in line with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: b94d19b3-884b-497b-9da0-3a6459bf8427 |
3f7a42f4-11b3-4f06-83b5-c19a8b87d00e | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [] | [
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"National Human Rights Institution (NHRI)",
"Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)"
] | [
"16.a - Strong institutions to prevent violence, terrorism and crime",
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data"
] | National human rights institution 7. The State Party should proceed with adopting legislation in 2025 to ensure that the Protector of Human Rights and Freedoms of Montenegro is fully in line with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (the Paris P... | 7. The State Party should proceed with adopting legislation in 2025 to ensure that the Protector of Human Rights and Freedoms of Montenegro is fully in line with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (the Paris Principles), including by providing... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 3f7a42f4-11b3-4f06-83b5-c19a8b87d00e |
b6075f0e-e43d-4071-b746-db2a9f631507 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors"
] | [
"Good governance & corruption",
"Administration of justice & fair trial",
"Data collection & research"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"16.5 - Reduce corruption and bribery",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Anti-corruption measures 8.While noting the important measures taken to address corruption, including a significant increase in indictments and prosecutions of former and sitting high-level officials, the Committee is concerned by the reported persistence of corruption, including in the judiciary, and the low number of... | 8. While noting the important measures taken to address corruption, including a significant increase in indictments and prosecutions of former and sitting high-level officials, the Committee is concerned by the reported persistence of corruption, including in the judiciary, and the low number of final convictions. The ... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: b6075f0e-e43d-4071-b746-db2a9f631507 |
ade77cdd-93c5-46a1-ae71-2d0be321d63b | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Human rights defenders & activists",
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Public officials",
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors"
] | [
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Good governance & corruption",
"Administration of justice & fair trial",
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"National Human Rights Action Plans (or specific areas) / implementation plans",
"Data collection & research",
"B... | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"16.5 - Reduce corruption and bribery",
"17.9 - Enhance capacity-building in developing countries",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Anti-corruption measures 9. The State Party should: (a) Expedite the conclusion of ongoing judicial proceedings in cases of corruption involving high-level officials, ensuring that perpetrators, if found guilty, are punished adequately; (b) Enhance the effectiveness and independence of the Agency for the Prevention of ... | 9. The State Party should: (a) Expedite the conclusion of ongoing judicial proceedings in cases of corruption involving high-level officials, ensuring that perpetrators, if found guilty, are punished adequately; (b) Enhance the effectiveness and independence of the Agency for the Prevention of Corruption, including by ... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: ade77cdd-93c5-46a1-ae71-2d0be321d63b |
ff139ebc-2fe9-49d4-ac31-2425f332c186 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Refugees & asylum seekers",
"Persons affected by armed conflict"
] | [
"Inter-State cooperation and assistance",
"Rule of law & impunity",
"International criminal & humanitarian law (including crimes against humanity, war crimes, genocide)",
"Transitional justice",
"Data collection & research"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"16.1 - Reduce violence everywhere",
"16.6 - Effective, accountable and transparent institutions",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Accountability for past human rights violations 10.With reference to its previous concluding observations (para. 9), and the related follow-up evaluation, the Committee welcomes the steps taken by the State Party to address impunity for serious human rights violations committed during the armed conflict in the 1990s, i... | 10. With reference to its previous concluding observations (para. 9), and the related follow-up evaluation, the Committee welcomes the steps taken by the State Party to address impunity for serious human rights violations committed during the armed conflict in the 1990s, including its cooperation with the International... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: ff139ebc-2fe9-49d4-ac31-2425f332c186 |
efc17134-46ad-4c17-b22c-29432a996b6d | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors",
"Persons affected by armed conflict"
] | [
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Administration of justice & fair trial",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"International criminal & humanitarian law (including crimes against humanity, war crimes, genocide)"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"16.6 - Effective, accountable and transparent institutions",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Accountability for past human rights violations 11. The State Party should strengthen capacity for the prompt and effective investigation and prosecution of war crimes cases, including by ensuring that all prosecutorial positions are filled and that judges and prosecutors receive an institutionalized programme of speci... | 11. The State Party should strengthen capacity for the prompt and effective investigation and prosecution of war crimes cases, including by ensuring that all prosecutorial positions are filled and that judges and prosecutors receive an institutionalized programme of specialized training on international criminal and hu... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: efc17134-46ad-4c17-b22c-29432a996b6d |
31bf2cb0-515a-40d3-b93a-8c11fa662ef3 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Persons affected by armed conflict"
] | [
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"International criminal & humanitarian law (including crimes against humanity, war crimes, genocide)",
"Data collection & research"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"16.6 - Effective, accountable and transparent institutions",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data"
] | Accountability for past human rights violations 12.The Committee is concerned by the lack of a comprehensive reparations policy for victims of war crimes that, in addition to compensation, includes measures of restitution, satisfaction and rehabilitation and guarantees of non-recurrence. The Committee also expresses it... | 12. The Committee is concerned by the lack of a comprehensive reparations policy for victims of war crimes that, in addition to compensation, includes measures of restitution, satisfaction and rehabilitation and guarantees of non-recurrence. The Committee also expresses its concern at reports that access to compensatio... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 31bf2cb0-515a-40d3-b93a-8c11fa662ef3 |
4fcdc2ac-3155-46c9-9afc-b85a63476ed0 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Civil society",
"Persons affected by armed conflict"
] | [
"Administration of justice & fair trial",
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Cooperation & consultation with civil society",
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"International criminal & humanitarian law (in... | [
"16.7 - Responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making",
"3.3 - Fight communicable diseases",
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"3 - GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and... | Accountability for past human rights violations 13. The State Party should adopt, within the broader framework of transitional justice and in consultation with victims and civil society organizations, a comprehensive reparations policy that addresses compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction and restitution, and guara... | 13. The State Party should adopt, within the broader framework of transitional justice and in consultation with victims and civil society organizations, a comprehensive reparations policy that addresses compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction and restitution, and guarantees of non-recurrence, taking into account the... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 4fcdc2ac-3155-46c9-9afc-b85a63476ed0 |
54b5ad54-4689-4b35-a69d-a85ff68aef31 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Persons living in poverty",
"Roma, Gypsies, Sinti & Travellers",
"Public officials",
"Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender and intersex persons (LGBTI)",
"Educational staff & students",
"Women & girls",
"Media",
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups",
"Persons... | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Human rights & poverty",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Racial discrimination",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"International criminal & humanitarian law (including crimes against humanity, war crimes, genocide)",
"Data collection &... | [
"5.1 - End discrimination against women and girls",
"10.2 - Promote universal social, economical and political inclusion",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"5 - GENDER EQUALITY",
"4 - QUALITY EDUCATION",
"4.5 - No discrimination in education",
"1.2 - Reduce poverty at least by 50%",
"1 - NO POVERTY"... | Non-discrimination and hate speech 14.While noting the existence of a legislative and policy framework to combat discrimination, including hate speech, the Committee is concerned about the high level of hate speech in public discourse online and in traditional media, at sports events and in schools, directed in particu... | 14. While noting the existence of a legislative and policy framework to combat discrimination, including hate speech, the Committee is concerned about the high level of hate speech in public discourse online and in traditional media, at sports events and in schools, directed in particular against political opponents, e... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 54b5ad54-4689-4b35-a69d-a85ff68aef31 |
cc45647b-9dd2-4a8c-a784-e6fd261bea78 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Public officials",
"Media",
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors",
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups"
] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"National Human Rights Action Plans (or specific areas) / implementation plans",
"Racial discrimination",
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Interna... | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"5 - GENDER EQUALITY",
"4.7 - Education for sustainable development and global citizenship",
"16.1 - Reduce violence everywhere",
"5.2 - End all violence against and exploitation of women",
"10 - REDUCED INEQUALITIES",
"... | Non-discrimination and hate speech 15. The State Party should strengthen its efforts to combat hate speech and hate motivated violence by, inter alia: (a) Ensuring that alleged hate crimes are thoroughly investigated and prosecuted, that the perpetrators, if convicted, are punished with sanctions commensurate with the ... | 15. The State Party should strengthen its efforts to combat hate speech and hate motivated violence by, inter alia: (a) Ensuring that alleged hate crimes are thoroughly investigated and prosecuted, that the perpetrators, if convicted, are punished with sanctions commensurate with the seriousness of the offence and that... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: cc45647b-9dd2-4a8c-a784-e6fd261bea78 |
58c57477-445c-414d-8da3-6ce954a21e1b | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender and intersex persons (LGBTI)",
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups"
] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Rights related to marriage & family",
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Sexual & gender-based violence",
"Data collection & research"
] | [
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"5 - GENDER EQUALITY",
"5.2 - End all violence against and exploitation of women",
"10 - REDUCED INEQUALITIES",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"10.3 - Ensure equal opportunities and end discrimination"
] | Discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity 16.With reference to its previous concluding observations (para. 8), the Committee remains concerned at the high level of prejudice against lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons, which is manifested in diverse forms of discrimination inclu... | 16. With reference to its previous concluding observations (para. 8), the Committee remains concerned at the high level of prejudice against lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons, which is manifested in diverse forms of discrimination including hate speech and some instances of violent acts. The Committee is a... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 58c57477-445c-414d-8da3-6ce954a21e1b |
e49431a2-8ae7-48f0-b0be-0bc763fd4381 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Children",
"Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender and intersex persons (LGBTI)"
] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Racial discrimination",
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Sexual & gender-base... | [
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"5 - GENDER EQUALITY",
"4.7 - Education for sustainable development and global citizenship",
"16.1 - Reduce violence everywhere",
"5.2 - End all violence against and exploitation of women",
"5.6 - Universal access to reproductive health and rights",
"10 - REDUCED INEQU... | Discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity 17. The State Party should redouble its efforts to combat discrimination, stereotypes and prejudice against lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons. In this connection, the State Party should: (a) Continue combating stereotypes about, and ne... | 17. The State Party should redouble its efforts to combat discrimination, stereotypes and prejudice against lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons. In this connection, the State Party should: (a) Continue combating stereotypes about, and negative attitudes towards, persons on the basis of their real or perceive... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: e49431a2-8ae7-48f0-b0be-0bc763fd4381 |
e621feb6-ed18-4e56-a988-e9b97eb27bcb | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Children",
"Roma, Gypsies, Sinti & Travellers",
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups"
] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Labour rights and right to work",
"Data collection & research",
"Right to education",
"Right to adequate housing"
] | [
"16.7 - Responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making",
"8 - DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH",
"11 - SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"4 - QUALITY EDUCATION",
"4.5 - No discrimination in education",
"11.1 - Safe and affordable housing",
"8.7 - End mode... | Discrimination against Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians 18.With reference to its previous concluding observations (para. 19), the Committee acknowledges the steps taken to address discrimination against Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians but remains concerned about the marginalization of these groups, including with regard to inad... | 18. With reference to its previous concluding observations (para. 19), the Committee acknowledges the steps taken to address discrimination against Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians but remains concerned about the marginalization of these groups, including with regard to inadequate housing and unequal access to formal employ... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: e621feb6-ed18-4e56-a988-e9b97eb27bcb |
19216164-a363-495b-869b-8f2efbfd2230 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Roma, Gypsies, Sinti & Travellers",
"Vulnerable persons/groups",
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups"
] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Labour rights and right to work",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Right to participate in public affairs & right to vote",
"Data collection & research",
"Right to education",
"Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)",
"Right to adequate housing... | [
"16.7 - Responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making",
"11 - SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES",
"10.2 - Promote universal social, economical and political inclusion",
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"11.1 - Safe and affordable housing",
"10... | Discrimination against Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians 19. The State Party should continue and reinforce its efforts to address discrimination against and marginalization of Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians, notably in the areas of housing, employment and education. To this end, it should increase the number of mediators servin... | 19. The State Party should continue and reinforce its efforts to address discrimination against and marginalization of Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians, notably in the areas of housing, employment and education. To this end, it should increase the number of mediators serving these groups and integrate them into the public a... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 19216164-a363-495b-869b-8f2efbfd2230 |
55a865f7-a08b-4998-9bd1-d9666ddd9b5d | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Women & girls",
"Media"
] | [
"Violence against women",
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Advancement of women",
"Right to life",
"National Human Rights Action Plans (or specific areas) / implementation plans",
"Private life & privacy",
"Right to participate in public affairs & right to vote",
"Sexual & gender-based violence",
"... | [
"16.7 - Responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making",
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"5 - GENDER EQUALITY",
"5.c - Adopt policies and enforce legislation for gender equality",
"16.1 - Reduce violence everywhere",
"5.2 - End all violence aga... | Gender equality 20.Recalling its previous concluding observations (para. 10), the Committee acknowledges steps taken by the State Party to promote gender equality, including the introduction of a Gender Equality Index and gender mainstreaming in public policymaking. The Committee remains concerned, however, about the p... | 20. Recalling its previous concluding observations (para. 10), the Committee acknowledges steps taken by the State Party to promote gender equality, including the introduction of a Gender Equality Index and gender mainstreaming in public policymaking. The Committee remains concerned, however, about the prevalence of pa... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 55a865f7-a08b-4998-9bd1-d9666ddd9b5d |
48b93171-2d62-499b-815d-637d73d25106 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Civil society",
"Medical staff / health professionals",
"Women & girls",
"Media"
] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Advancement of women",
"Cooperation & consultation with civil society",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Racial discrimination",
"Right to participate in public affairs & right to vote",
"Sexual & gender-based violence",
"Participation of wome... | [
"16.7 - Responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"5 - GENDER EQUALITY",
"5.c - Adopt policies and enforce legislation for gender equality",
"4 - QUALITY EDUCATION",
"4.7 - Education for sustainable development and global citizenship",
"5.6 - Universal... | Gender equality 21. The State Party should: (a) Combat gender-based stereotypes and hate speech towards women, in particular women working in politics and the media, including through engagement with the media, civil society organizations and other relevant stakeholders; (b) Take appropriate measures to increase the pr... | 21. The State Party should: (a) Combat gender-based stereotypes and hate speech towards women, in particular women working in politics and the media, including through engagement with the media, civil society organizations and other relevant stakeholders; (b) Take appropriate measures to increase the proportion of wome... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 48b93171-2d62-499b-815d-637d73d25106 |
ba2a733d-f7c0-4591-95f0-b23fc8fe9e1d | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Women & girls"
] | [
"Violence against women",
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Sexual & gender-based violence",
"Data collection & research",
"Discrimination against women"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"5 - GENDER EQUALITY",
"4.7 - Education for sustainable development and global citizenship",
"16.2 - Protect children from abuse, exploitation, trafficking and violence",
"5.2 - End all violence against and exploitation of w... | Violence against women 22.Recalling its previous concluding observations (para. 11), the Committee welcomes notable steps taken to strengthen the legislative and policy framework for combating violence against women. The Committee is nonetheless concerned about the reportedly high level of societal tolerance for and pr... | 22. Recalling its previous concluding observations (para. 11), the Committee welcomes notable steps taken to strengthen the legislative and policy framework for combating violence against women. The Committee is nonetheless concerned about the reportedly high level of societal tolerance for and prevalence of gender-bas... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: ba2a733d-f7c0-4591-95f0-b23fc8fe9e1d |
b220e718-7231-4523-9df9-70661c2b9dbb | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Women & girls",
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors"
] | [
"Violence against women",
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Administration of justice & fair trial",
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Sexual & g... | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"5 - GENDER EQUALITY",
"4.7 - Education for sustainable development and global citizenship",
"16.2 - Protect children from abuse, exploitation, trafficking and violence",
"5.2 - End all violence against and exploitation of w... | Violence against women 23. The State Party should: (a) Continue and strengthen its efforts to combat and prevent gender-based violence against women and to ensure that perpetrators are prosecuted and, if convicted, adequately punished; (b) Proceed with amendments to the Law on Protection against Domestic Violence to en... | 23. The State Party should: (a) Continue and strengthen its efforts to combat and prevent gender-based violence against women and to ensure that perpetrators are prosecuted and, if convicted, adequately punished; (b) Proceed with amendments to the Law on Protection against Domestic Violence to ensure its compliance wit... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: b220e718-7231-4523-9df9-70661c2b9dbb |
4071ea23-b0b0-46c4-bc63-f8d7b552ba14 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Children"
] | [
"Sexual & gender-based violence",
"Data collection & research",
"Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"5 - GENDER EQUALITY",
"16.2 - Protect children from abuse, exploitation, trafficking and violence",
"5.2 - End all violence against and exploitation of women",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data"
] | Violence against children 24.While welcoming the various measures taken by the State Party to combat violence against children, including stricter penalties for sexual abuse and other crimes against children and the establishment of a sex offender registry, the Committee is concerned about reports indicating a high pre... | 24. While welcoming the various measures taken by the State Party to combat violence against children, including stricter penalties for sexual abuse and other crimes against children and the establishment of a sex offender registry, the Committee is concerned about reports indicating a high prevalence of violence again... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 4071ea23-b0b0-46c4-bc63-f8d7b552ba14 |
32d99e8a-039d-458f-8f58-0a278717b743 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Children",
"Social workers"
] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Children: protection against exploitation",
"National Human Rights Action Plans (or specific areas) / implementation plans",
"Children: definition; general principles; protection",
"Sexual & gender-based ... | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"5 - GENDER EQUALITY",
"16.2 - Protect children from abuse, exploitation, trafficking and violence",
"11.1 - Safe and affordable housing",
"5.2 - End all violence against and exploitation of women",
"5.3 - Eliminate forced... | Violence against children 25. The State Party should: (a) Increase investment in prevention of violence against children, including through the expansion of prevention and early intervention programmes in schools, parenting programmes, and measures to address the reportedly high level of societal acceptance of violence... | 25. The State Party should: (a) Increase investment in prevention of violence against children, including through the expansion of prevention and early intervention programmes in schools, parenting programmes, and measures to address the reportedly high level of societal acceptance of violence against children in famil... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 32d99e8a-039d-458f-8f58-0a278717b743 |
8bccc644-30ec-40af-a7ea-33dd0945d3da | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Children",
"Roma, Gypsies, Sinti & Travellers",
"Women & girls",
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups"
] | [
"Rights related to marriage & family",
"Children: definition; general principles; protection",
"Sexual & gender-based violence",
"Data collection & research"
] | [
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"5 - GENDER EQUALITY",
"5.3 - Eliminate forced marriages and genital mutilation",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data"
] | Child marriage 26.Recalling the Committee’s previous concluding observations (para. 20) and while welcoming steps taken to address the persistence of child marriage, in particular among Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians, the Committee is concerned that the law does not prohibit child marriage without exception, and regrets t... | 26. Recalling the Committee’s previous concluding observations (para. 20) and while welcoming steps taken to address the persistence of child marriage, in particular among Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians, the Committee is concerned that the law does not prohibit child marriage without exception, and regrets the lack of dat... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 8bccc644-30ec-40af-a7ea-33dd0945d3da |
95932257-174a-462d-8c45-e3fcc087182f | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Children",
"Roma, Gypsies, Sinti & Travellers",
"Women & girls",
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups"
] | [
"Rights related to marriage & family",
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Children: definition; general principles; protection",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Sexual & gender-based violence",
"Data collection & research"
] | [
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"5 - GENDER EQUALITY",
"5.3 - Eliminate forced marriages and genital mutilation",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data"
] | Child marriage 27. The State Party should continue outreach activities targeting Roma, Ashkali and Egyptian communities and amend the Family Law to raise the minimum age for marriage to 18 years of age without exception. The State Party should also ensure that an effective monitoring mechanism is in place and that it h... | 27. The State Party should continue outreach activities targeting Roma, Ashkali and Egyptian communities and amend the Family Law to raise the minimum age for marriage to 18 years of age without exception. The State Party should also ensure that an effective monitoring mechanism is in place and that it has the capacity... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 95932257-174a-462d-8c45-e3fcc087182f |
668ef0cb-c613-46a2-915e-450514f4f222 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Medical staff / health professionals",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Administration of justice & fair trial",
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Prohibition of torture & ill-treatment (including cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment)",
"Dat... | [
"3.3 - Fight communicable diseases",
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"16.1 - Reduce violence everywhere",
"16.6 - Effective, accountable and transparent institutions",
"3 - GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"... | Prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 28.Recalling its previous concluding observations (para. 12), the Committee welcomes certain steps taken, such as increased penalties for torture introduced in 2023, the abolition of the statute of limitations for torture in June 2024 ... | 28. Recalling its previous concluding observations (para. 12), the Committee welcomes certain steps taken, such as increased penalties for torture introduced in 2023, the abolition of the statute of limitations for torture in June 2024 and the extension of free legal aid to victims of torture in December 2024. The Comm... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 668ef0cb-c613-46a2-915e-450514f4f222 |
e198495b-e7b8-4031-9dae-c5b7cf334292 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Public officials",
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors"
] | [
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Administration of justice & fair trial",
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Prohibition of torture & ill-treatment (including cruel, inhuman or degr... | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"16.1 - Reduce violence everywhere",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 29. The State Party should: (a) Conduct prompt, thorough and impartial investigations into all allegations of torture and inhuman and degrading treatment, ensuring that perpetrators are prosecuted and, if found guilty, punished with pe... | 29. The State Party should: (a) Conduct prompt, thorough and impartial investigations into all allegations of torture and inhuman and degrading treatment, ensuring that perpetrators are prosecuted and, if found guilty, punished with penalties commensurate with the gravity of the crime committed; (b) Ensure that investi... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: e198495b-e7b8-4031-9dae-c5b7cf334292 |
e6492be8-a08f-4898-a698-1d01676bd5a4 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [
"National Human Rights Action Plans (or specific areas) / implementation plans",
"Right to health",
"Conditions of detention",
"Safe drinking water & sanitation"
] | [
"6 - CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"6.2 - End open defecation and provide access to sanitation and hygiene",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data"
] | Conditions in places of deprivation of liberty 30.While noting ongoing efforts to improve conditions in places of detention, including the announced or ongoing construction of new prison facilities, the Committee is concerned that overcrowding and inadequate material and sanitary conditions remain serious issues in cer... | 30. While noting ongoing efforts to improve conditions in places of detention, including the announced or ongoing construction of new prison facilities, the Committee is concerned that overcrowding and inadequate material and sanitary conditions remain serious issues in certain locations, including police custody and r... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: e6492be8-a08f-4898-a698-1d01676bd5a4 |
0184f249-dc0e-46fa-a632-e5efee775512 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [
"Administration of justice & fair trial",
"National Human Rights Action Plans (or specific areas) / implementation plans",
"Data collection & research",
"Conditions of detention",
"Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)"
] | [
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"3 - GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all",
"3.4 - Reduce mortality from non-communicable diseases and promote mental health"
] | Conditions in places of deprivation of liberty 31. The State Party should continue to take effective measures to ensure that the conditions of detention are in full compliance with the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules) and other relevant international standa... | 31. The State Party should continue to take effective measures to ensure that the conditions of detention are in full compliance with the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules) and other relevant international standards. It should, in particular: (a) Enhance the ... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 0184f249-dc0e-46fa-a632-e5efee775512 |
35ff37ed-ddc4-4ded-97c5-6bd6db8f2212 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Children"
] | [
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Children: protection against exploitation",
"Human trafficking & contemporary forms of slavery",
"Access to justice & remedy"
] | [
"8 - DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH",
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"16.2 - Protect children from abuse, exploitation, trafficking and violence",
"8.7 - End modern slavery, trafficking and child labour",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
... | Trafficking in persons 32.Recalling its previous concluding observations (para. 14), the Committee welcomes the State Party’s continued efforts to combat trafficking in persons, including through increased investigation and prosecution, the introduction of a non-punishment clause for victims of trafficking in persons a... | 32. Recalling its previous concluding observations (para. 14), the Committee welcomes the State Party’s continued efforts to combat trafficking in persons, including through increased investigation and prosecution, the introduction of a non-punishment clause for victims of trafficking in persons and the establishment o... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 35ff37ed-ddc4-4ded-97c5-6bd6db8f2212 |
ee93cd6e-4c8e-4ced-bd10-d875cd59cac0 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Refugees & asylum seekers",
"Children in vulnerable situations (abused, living on the street, institutionalized, indigenous, migrant children etc.)",
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Children",
"Roma, Gypsies, Sinti & Travellers",
"Migrants",
"Vulnerable persons/groups",
"Minorities/ r... | [
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Children: protection against exploitation",
"Human trafficking & contemporary forms of slavery",
"Children: definition; general principles; protection",
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Data collection & research",
"Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)"
] | [
"8 - DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH",
"10.2 - Promote universal social, economical and political inclusion",
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"8.8 - Universal labour rights and safe working environments",
"16.2 - Protect children from abuse, exploitation, ... | Trafficking in persons 33. The State Party should: (a) Enhance identification of victims or potential victims, particularly among groups in situations of vulnerability, including seasonal workers, migrants in transit, asylum-seekers, Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians; (b) Strengthen the Anti-Trafficking Unit, including by in... | 33. The State Party should: (a) Enhance identification of victims or potential victims, particularly among groups in situations of vulnerability, including seasonal workers, migrants in transit, asylum-seekers, Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians; (b) Strengthen the Anti-Trafficking Unit, including by increasing resources and ... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: ee93cd6e-4c8e-4ced-bd10-d875cd59cac0 |
924f0c8e-1127-44ff-bd2f-20c504b095ae | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Refugees & asylum seekers",
"Migrants"
] | [
"Right to physical & moral integrity",
"Prohibition of torture & ill-treatment (including cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment)",
"Data collection & research"
] | [
"10.7 - Responsible and well-managed migration policies",
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"16.1 - Reduce violence everywhere",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data"
] | Migrants, asylum-seekers and non-refoulement 34.The Committee welcomes the adoption of the Law on Temporary and International Protection of Foreigners, in 2016, and expresses appreciation for the temporary protection regime put in place by the State Party in 2022 to respond to mass arrivals of refugees from Ukraine. Th... | 34. The Committee welcomes the adoption of the Law on Temporary and International Protection of Foreigners, in 2016, and expresses appreciation for the temporary protection regime put in place by the State Party in 2022 to respond to mass arrivals of refugees from Ukraine. The Committee is nevertheless concerned by rep... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 924f0c8e-1127-44ff-bd2f-20c504b095ae |
5a5274a8-939e-4ef2-99b9-fc907c50e5b4 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Refugees & asylum seekers",
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Migrants",
"Vulnerable persons/groups"
] | [
"Right to physical & moral integrity",
"Arbitrary arrest & detention",
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Liberty & security of the person",
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Prohibition of torture & ill-treatment (includi... | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"16.1 - Reduce violence everywhere",
"10 - REDUCED INEQUALITIES",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Migrants, asylum-seekers and non-refoulement 35. The State Party should: (a) Take concrete measures to ensure protection-focused management of borders and respect for the principle of non-refoulement, including by ensuring effective implementation of the Law on Temporary and International Protection of Foreigners; (b) ... | 35. The State Party should: (a) Take concrete measures to ensure protection-focused management of borders and respect for the principle of non-refoulement, including by ensuring effective implementation of the Law on Temporary and International Protection of Foreigners; (b) Provide effective access to complaint mechani... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 5a5274a8-939e-4ef2-99b9-fc907c50e5b4 |
d4c8cf02-2c78-465b-bd7d-b91e052d41c7 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors"
] | [
"Good governance & corruption",
"Administration of justice & fair trial",
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Data collection & research"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"16.1 - Reduce violence everywhere",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Administration of justice and independence of the judiciary 36.Recalling its previous concluding observations (para. 15), the Committee welcomes amendments in June 2024 to the Law on the Judicial Council and Judges, which, inter alia, strengthen safeguards against political influence and conflicts of interest. It also ... | 36. Recalling its previous concluding observations (para. 15), the Committee welcomes amendments in June 2024 to the Law on the Judicial Council and Judges, which, inter alia, strengthen safeguards against political influence and conflicts of interest. It also welcomes the indication by the delegation during the dialog... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: d4c8cf02-2c78-465b-bd7d-b91e052d41c7 |
0fbac267-043b-445e-8ffd-f17f0018c546 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors"
] | [
"Good governance & corruption",
"Administration of justice & fair trial",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Conditions of detention",
"Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Administration of justice and independence of the judiciary 37. The State Party should continue its efforts to strengthen the independence of the judiciary, notably by ensuring effective implementation of the Law on the Judicial Council and Judges, including with regard to enforcement of term limits for the position of... | 37. The State Party should continue its efforts to strengthen the independence of the judiciary, notably by ensuring effective implementation of the Law on the Judicial Council and Judges, including with regard to enforcement of term limits for the position of court president. It should also take the necessary measures... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 0fbac267-043b-445e-8ffd-f17f0018c546 |
d167ce8d-4582-4004-9aa5-e784ee5b6456 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Refugees & asylum seekers",
"Children",
"Stateless persons"
] | [
"Rights related to name, identity & nationality",
"Administration of justice & fair trial",
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Children: protection against exploitation",
"Human trafficking & contemporary forms of slavery",
"Children: definition; general principles; prote... | [
"3.3 - Fight communicable diseases",
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"5 - GENDER EQUALITY",
"16.2 - Protect children from abuse, exploitation, trafficking and violence",
"16.1 - Reduce violence everywhere",
"5.2 - End all violence against and exploitatio... | Legal aid 38.Recalling its previous concluding observations (para. 16), the Committee welcomes amendments to the Law on Legal Aid in 2024 which strengthen procedural guarantees and extend the right to legal aid to victims of torture, victims of sexual offences, and children initiating proceedings to protect their right... | 38. Recalling its previous concluding observations (para. 16), the Committee welcomes amendments to the Law on Legal Aid in 2024 which strengthen procedural guarantees and extend the right to legal aid to victims of torture, victims of sexual offences, and children initiating proceedings to protect their rights. The Co... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: d167ce8d-4582-4004-9aa5-e784ee5b6456 |
33cc9d9c-952b-4815-90c0-18ef5207c699 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Refugees & asylum seekers",
"Stateless persons",
"Women & girls"
] | [
"Rights related to name, identity & nationality",
"Administration of justice & fair trial",
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Human trafficking & contemporary forms of slavery",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Sexual & gender-based violence",
"Data collectio... | [
"8 - DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH",
"3.3 - Fight communicable diseases",
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"5 - GENDER EQUALITY",
"5.2 - End all violence against and exploitation of women",
"8.7 - End modern slavery, trafficking and child labour",
"16... | Legal aid 39. The State Party should take the measures necessary to ensure effective access to free legal aid for victims of trafficking in persons and persons applying for international protection, remove obstacles to obtaining legal aid for victims of domestic violence, and amend the Law on Free Legal Aid to allow no... | 39. The State Party should take the measures necessary to ensure effective access to free legal aid for victims of trafficking in persons and persons applying for international protection, remove obstacles to obtaining legal aid for victims of domestic violence, and amend the Law on Free Legal Aid to allow non-governme... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 33cc9d9c-952b-4815-90c0-18ef5207c699 |
53b2fa21-53d7-438f-8181-66f810b6a2c0 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Human rights defenders & activists",
"Public officials",
"Media"
] | [
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Private life & privacy",
"Data collection & research"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data"
] | Right to privacy 40.The Committee acknowledges measures taken to strengthen the Agency for Personal Data Protection and Free Access to Information, which include increased staffing. It also notes training initiatives in data protection and privacy rights provided to that Agency’s staff and other public officials, non-g... | 40. The Committee acknowledges measures taken to strengthen the Agency for Personal Data Protection and Free Access to Information, which include increased staffing. It also notes training initiatives in data protection and privacy rights provided to that Agency’s staff and other public officials, non-governmental orga... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 53b2fa21-53d7-438f-8181-66f810b6a2c0 |
29e2a338-3554-4069-a915-30a3cf31ff5b | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [] | [
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Private life & privacy",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data"
] | Right to privacy 41. The State Party should continue its efforts to raise awareness of data protection and privacy rights and expedite the adoption of the draft law amending the Law on the National Security Agency, ensuring that it contains legal and procedural safeguards to prevent the misuse of surveillance powers, i... | 41. The State Party should continue its efforts to raise awareness of data protection and privacy rights and expedite the adoption of the draft law amending the Law on the National Security Agency, ensuring that it contains legal and procedural safeguards to prevent the misuse of surveillance powers, in full compliance... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 29e2a338-3554-4069-a915-30a3cf31ff5b |
1d979e19-b057-45c7-9556-3c77ce321465 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups"
] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Freedom of thought, conscience & religion",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Data collection & research",
"Land & property rights"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"1.4 - Equal rights to ownership, basic services, technology and economic resources",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"1 - NO POVERTY",
"10 - REDUCED INEQUALITIES",
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms",
"17.18 - ... | Freedom of conscience and religious belief 42.While welcoming the State Party’s efforts to ensure freedom of religion, notably through legislative measures to prohibit religious discrimination and through cooperation with its various religious communities, the Committee is concerned about the reported rise in religious... | 42. While welcoming the State Party’s efforts to ensure freedom of religion, notably through legislative measures to prohibit religious discrimination and through cooperation with its various religious communities, the Committee is concerned about the reported rise in religious hate speech, in particular against Muslim... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 1d979e19-b057-45c7-9556-3c77ce321465 |
7c13243b-1330-4c41-8e1d-9cbeb2691dee | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups"
] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Freedom of thought, conscience & religion",
"Racial discrimination",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Land & property rights"
] | [
"1.4 - Equal rights to ownership, basic services, technology and economic resources",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"1 - NO POVERTY",
"10 - REDUCED INEQUALITIES",
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"10.3 -... | Freedom of conscience and religious belief 43. The State Party should take appropriate measures to combat and prevent hate speech against religious groups, including measures to prevent or resolve property disputes between religious communities. The State Party should also take the necessary actions to resolve property... | 43. The State Party should take appropriate measures to combat and prevent hate speech against religious groups, including measures to prevent or resolve property disputes between religious communities. The State Party should also take the necessary actions to resolve property disputes between religious groups and the ... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 7c13243b-1330-4c41-8e1d-9cbeb2691dee |
ae61de12-4494-43a4-9c30-0a15ddb59adc | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Older persons",
"Media",
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors"
] | [
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Freedom of opinion and expression & access to information"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Freedom of expression 44.Recalling its previous concluding observations (para. 21), the Committee welcomes measures taken by the State Party to improve the safety of journalists, notably the adoption of mandatory guidelines for prosecutors to handle cases of attacks against journalists, amendments to the Criminal Code ... | 44. Recalling its previous concluding observations (para. 21), the Committee welcomes measures taken by the State Party to improve the safety of journalists, notably the adoption of mandatory guidelines for prosecutors to handle cases of attacks against journalists, amendments to the Criminal Code to strengthen the cri... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: ae61de12-4494-43a4-9c30-0a15ddb59adc |
d5a95618-8354-47a8-84b2-bec20e99f84d | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Human rights defenders & activists",
"Media"
] | [
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Data collection & research",
"Freedom of opinion and expression & access to information",
"Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"16.1 - Reduce violence everywhere",
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for ... | Freedom of expression 45. In accordance with the Committee’s general comment No. 34 (2011) on the freedoms of opinion and expression, the State Party should: (a) Ensure the prompt, independent and impartial investigation of all reported cases of threats and violent attacks against journalists, prosecute suspected perpe... | 45. In accordance with the Committee’s general comment No. 34 (2011) on the freedoms of opinion and expression, the State Party should: (a) Ensure the prompt, independent and impartial investigation of all reported cases of threats and violent attacks against journalists, prosecute suspected perpetrators, try them expe... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: d5a95618-8354-47a8-84b2-bec20e99f84d |
99b14197-f1ca-44a4-a6a1-9b54862128f7 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Human rights defenders & activists",
"Media",
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors"
] | [
"National Human Rights Action Plans (or specific areas) / implementation plans",
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Data collection & research",
"Freedom of opinion and expression & access to information"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Freedom of expression 46.The Committee is concerned about the reported prevalence of strategic lawsuits against public participation, often in the form of defamation lawsuits designed to intimidate and silence journalists and media workers reporting on matters of public interest. The Committee regrets the lack of infor... | 46. The Committee is concerned about the reported prevalence of strategic lawsuits against public participation, often in the form of defamation lawsuits designed to intimidate and silence journalists and media workers reporting on matters of public interest. The Committee regrets the lack of information received from ... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 99b14197-f1ca-44a4-a6a1-9b54862128f7 |
f79db4d1-5851-4110-80f0-745650d0bc22 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Human rights defenders & activists",
"Media",
"Persons with disabilities"
] | [
"National Human Rights Action Plans (or specific areas) / implementation plans",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Freedom of opinion and expression & access to information"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data"
] | Freedom of expression 47. The State Party should: (a) Ensure that safeguards are in place to prevent the use of strategic lawsuits against public participation to target or restrict the activities of journalists, human rights defenders and the media or to discourage the publication of critical information on matters of... | 47. The State Party should: (a) Ensure that safeguards are in place to prevent the use of strategic lawsuits against public participation to target or restrict the activities of journalists, human rights defenders and the media or to discourage the publication of critical information on matters of public interest; (b) ... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: f79db4d1-5851-4110-80f0-745650d0bc22 |
d71268ac-38cd-4708-98c9-587c97c442b0 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Human rights defenders & activists",
"Civil society",
"Public officials",
"Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender and intersex persons (LGBTI)",
"Women & girls"
] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Good governance & corruption",
"Freedom of association",
"Cooperation & consultation with civil society",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Right to participate in public affairs & right to vote",
"Data collection & research",
"Participation of women in polit... | [
"16.7 - Responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making",
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"5 - GENDER EQUALITY",
"16.5 - Reduce corruption and bribery",
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms",
"17.18 - Enh... | Freedom of association 48.While acknowledging the open and pluralistic civic space in the State Party, the Committee is concerned at reports that civil society, including non-governmental organizations promoting human rights or democracy, or defending the rights of women and lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender person... | 48. While acknowledging the open and pluralistic civic space in the State Party, the Committee is concerned at reports that civil society, including non-governmental organizations promoting human rights or democracy, or defending the rights of women and lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender persons, or working on corru... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: d71268ac-38cd-4708-98c9-587c97c442b0 |
a8f879c6-c618-4ea7-9e3d-4b4dfbac0b39 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Human rights defenders & activists",
"Civil society"
] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Freedom of association",
"Administration of justice & fair trial",
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Cooperation & consultation with civil society",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [
"16.7 - Responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making",
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of ... | Freedom of association 49. The State Party should take all steps necessary to guarantee, in law and in practice, the effective exercise of the right to freedom of association and a safe and enabling environment for non-governmental organizations. It should take appropriate measures to ensure the effective participation... | 49. The State Party should take all steps necessary to guarantee, in law and in practice, the effective exercise of the right to freedom of association and a safe and enabling environment for non-governmental organizations. It should take appropriate measures to ensure the effective participation of civil society in le... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: a8f879c6-c618-4ea7-9e3d-4b4dfbac0b39 |
b303dc62-2eec-4252-b21b-464ebb89df0f | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [] | [
"Good governance & corruption",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Right to participate in public affairs & right to vote",
"Data collection & research"
] | [
"16.7 - Responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making",
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data"
] | Participation in public affairs 50.While noting that a process for comprehensive reform of the electoral framework has been established in Parliament, the Committee is concerned at the slow progress in making the necessary reforms to ensure its conformity with the Covenant and relevant international standards. The Comm... | 50. While noting that a process for comprehensive reform of the electoral framework has been established in Parliament, the Committee is concerned at the slow progress in making the necessary reforms to ensure its conformity with the Covenant and relevant international standards. The Committee is concerned that the cur... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: b303dc62-2eec-4252-b21b-464ebb89df0f |
080bf77a-6d26-414d-82e2-f78b310052b4 | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | CCPR | 2025-05-07 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Montenegro"
] | [
"Eastern Europe"
] | [
"Public officials"
] | [
"Good governance & corruption",
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Right to participate in public affairs & right to vote"
] | [
"16.7 - Responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making",
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS",
"16.5 - Reduce corruption and bribery",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data"
] | Participation in public affairs 51. The State Party should accelerate reform of its electoral framework to ensure its conformity with the Covenant and relevant international standards. In this regard, it should expedite amendments to the Law on Financing of Political Entities and Election Campaigns to ensure the effect... | 51. The State Party should accelerate reform of its electoral framework to ensure its conformity with the Covenant and relevant international standards. In this regard, it should expedite amendments to the Law on Financing of Political Entities and Election Campaigns to ensure the effective and transparent monitoring o... | CCPR | Montenegro | CCPR/C/MNE/CO/2 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6e9150db-5cf1-4569-8d6c-2839731a6479 | AnnotationId: 080bf77a-6d26-414d-82e2-f78b310052b4 |
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