id stringlengths 8 11 | text stringlengths 6.72k 79k | reference-summary stringlengths 265 2.23k | source stringlengths 9 10 |
|---|---|---|---|
pubmed-201 | radiological investigations and therapeutics have become an integral part of the management of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (icu). patients admitted to the icu routinely undergo bedside imaging procedures such as chest radiographs for diagnosing heart, lung and other pathology, and for confirmatio... | background and aims: with the expanding use of diagnostic and therapeutic radiological modalities in critically ill patients, doctors working in intensive care units (icus) are increasingly exposed to ionizing radiation. this risk of radiation exposure occurs not only during bedside radiologic procedures, but also when... | PMC4166874 |
pubmed-202 | despite the huge burden of hepatitis b worldwide, with an estimated 350 million people chronically infected, very few patients in low- and middle-income countries are currently receiving antiviral treatment. this is largely to blame on lack of access to viral load quantification, because this is considered a mandatory ... | viral hepatitis claims one million lives each year. scaling up treatment for hepatitis b and c in resource-limited settings is not possible without access to reliable diagnostic tools. this article gives an overview of current technologies and the pipeline for easy-to-use assays for serological and virological analyses... | PMC4403955 |
pubmed-203 | the term presbyopia derives from greek for old eyes and refers to the age-related loss of natural accommodation and resulting reduction of baseline near vision around the age of 40 years. as people continue to work and stay active later in life than ever before, their need for quality vision at both near and dist... | purpose. the purpose of this review is to provide a summary of laser refractive surgery and corneal inlay approaches to treat presbyopia in patients after cataract surgery. summary. the presbyopic population is growing rapidly along with increasing demands for spectacle independence. this review will focus on the corn... | PMC4804036 |
pubmed-204 | the use of ergotamines causing ischemia of peripheral vessels has been reported, particularly in patients with peripheral vascular disease. ischemic bowel induced by ergotamines is a much rarer event, with few documented cases in the literature. while colitis is always on the differential diagnosis of hospital patients... | a 48-year-old woman with a history of chronic migraines, initially admitted for inpatient management of intractable migraine headaches, developed new onset abdominal pain, hypotension, and diarrhea on hospital day number ten. in our institution's headache unit, patients are treated by a multidisciplinary approach, incl... | PMC3280477 |
pubmed-205 | acute embolic limb ischemia is an urgent clinical condition in which sudden decrease or worsening in limb perfusion causes a potential threat to extremity viability and to life. thorough removal of all occlusive emboli in the arterial tree results in the best outcomes; hence, some authors favored arteriography after em... | acute limb ischemia can be potentially harmful to the limb and life threatening. renal failure is a possible outcome associated with release of products of ischemic limb reperfusion. some authors reported the benefit of performing angiography after embolectomy, even though iodine contrast is also nephrotoxic. we report... | PMC4943822 |
pubmed-206 | emphysematous gastritis, which was first described by fraenkel in 1889 (1), is a rare disease characterized by the presence of air within the wall of the stomach and diffuse gastric wall inflammation by gas-forming bacteria, which may be also life-threatening due to systemic toxicity. predisposing factors include the i... | emphysematous gastritis is a rare form of phlegmonous gastritis, characterized by air in the wall of the stomach due to invasion by gas-forming microorganisms. the most commonly involved microorganisms are streptococci, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, clostrodium perfrigens and staphylococcus aureus. gastroin... | PMC2693866 |
pubmed-207 | in accordance with the 1997 documents of the world health organization (who), amoebiasis is the infection by the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica with or without clinical manifestations. the only known natural host of e. histolytica is the human body with the large intestine as the major target organ. this para... | in accordance with the 1997 documents of the world health organization (who), amoebiasis is defined as the infection by the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica with or without clinical manifestations. the only known natural host of e. histolytica is the human with the large intestine as major target organ. this pa... | PMC3125031 |
pubmed-208 | engaging in high levels of physical activity is a key strategy for successful maintenance of weight loss. a study of nearly 4,000 participants in the national weight control registry (nwcr), the largest longitudinal study of successful weight loss maintainers, indicated participants expend 2,621 2,252 kcal per week t... | given the importance of physical activity (pa) for weight control, identifying strategies to achieve higher pa levels is imperative. we hypothesized that performing a greater variety of self-reported moderate-to-vigorous activities (mvpas) would relate to higher objectively measured mvpa minutes in two groups who were ... | PMC3306916 |
pubmed-209 | recently we reported on an analysis of the infrared spectrum of c2f4. by observation of many combination and difference bands, including many from two c-containing isotopologues, and by comparison with mp2 and density-functional calculations, all 12 fundamentals could be assigned, although only five are ir active.... | compared to ethylene and its nonfluorinated derivatives, c2f4 is peculiar in many reactions. it very easily adds to radicals and prefers formation of four-membered rings over diels alder reactions. this has been rationalized by the preference of fluorine for carbon sp3 hybridization, which is possible on opening... | PMC4141698 |
pubmed-210 | cytomegalovirus (cmv) is one of the most common congenital viral infections in many regions. in the united states it occurs in 0.51% of live births, or approximately 40,000 infants annually. the manifestations of cmv infection cover a broad spectrum ranging from asymptomatic to severe systemic disease resulting in sign... | objective. to examine the association of intracranial radiographic abnormalities and developmental measures with outcomes in children with congenital symptomatic cytomegalovirus (cmv) and cochlear implants (ci). design/methods. it was a retrospective review of 15 children implanted from 2004 to 2010. preimplant nonver... | PMC3671708 |
pubmed-211 | . there have been significant achievements regarding to the millennium development goals (mdgs) as a global development target. the indicators showed reflection of these achievements, such as decreasing global poverty rate, increasing the number of children going to school, decreasing child death rate, increasing acces... | the world will enter the postmillennium development goals 2015 era. the achievements of the millennium development goals (mdgs) as a global development target need to be evaluated. a sustainable new reasonable target is important for neglected tropical diseases (ntd) elimination in indonesia. this review describes the ... | PMC4852117 |
pubmed-212 | walking is one of the recommended modes of exercise for obese individuals because of its merits in terms of safety, accessibility, and popularity, as well as proven efficacy in weight management1, 2. however, walking over a terrain of repetitive uphill and downhill inclines in activities such as mountain climbing ca... | [ purpose] this study investigated the effect of the use of trekking poles on muscle and cartilage damage and fatigue during downhill walking in obese women. [subjects and methods] subjects included eight obese women who had a body fat percentage greater than 30. subjects performed downhill walking without a trekkin... | PMC4905913 |
pubmed-213 | periampullary diverticula (pad) refer to extraluminal outpouchings of duodenal mucosa that develop within the radius of 2 to 3 cm from the ampulla of vater (1). pad are largely asymptomatic but they sometimes can cause both pancreaticobiliary and non-pancreaticobiliary complications. rarely, obstructive jaundice can d... | duodenal diverticula are detected in up to 27% of patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal tract evaluation with periampullary diverticula (pad) being the most common type. although pad usually do not cause symptoms, it can serve as a source of obstructive jaundice even when choledocholithiasis or tumor is not presen... | PMC4055825 |
pubmed-214 | body mass index is a simple index of weight for height that is frequently used in the assessment of nutritional status. a low bmi, or underweight status, is often associated with an increased risk of mortality in seriously ill or hospitalized older adults [1, 2]. conversely, a high bmi, indicative of overweight or ob... | associations between body mass index (bmi) and dietary patterns and health conditions were explored in a population-based multiethnic sample of centenarians from northern georgia. bmi 20 and 25 was prevalent in 30.9% and 25.3% of study participants, respectively. in a series of logistic regression analyses controlled... | PMC3124838 |
pubmed-215 | the aspergilli are filamentous fungi, which are multicellular eukaryotes with a relatively simple life cycle. many of them have long been used in food production, industrial fermentation, and agriculture. on the other hand, a few, such as a. fumigatus, a. flavus, a. niger, a. nidulans, and a. terreus, are opportunistic... | glycosylation is a conserved posttranslational modification that is found in all eukaryotes, which helps generate proteins with multiple functions. our knowledge of glycosylation mainly comes from the investigation of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian cells. however, during the last decade, glycosylation... | PMC3184424 |
pubmed-216 | coronary artery disease (cad) remains the principal cause of mortality and morbidity around the world [1, 2]. although the mechanisms are still not entirely resolved, previous studies have demonstrated that an imbalance between t-helper 1- (th1-) mediated and th2-mediated immune functions contributes to the development... | background. recently, several studies suggest that galectin-9 (gal-9) might play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. however, the exact role of gal-9 in atherosclerosis remains to be elucidated. methods. serum gal-9, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-crp), interferon- (ifn-), interleukin- ... | PMC4667018 |
pubmed-217 | sedation is often required in young children in order to obtain good diagnostic cross-sectional imaging like computed tomography scan (ct scan) and magnetic resonance imaging (mri). sometimes sedation is also needed for older children with complex neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism and attention deficit hyper... | objective. to determine the efficacy and safety of high dose dexmedetomidine as a sole sedative agent for mri. we report our institution's experience. design. a retrospective institutional review of dexmedetomidine usage for pediatric mri over 5.5 years. protocol included a dexmedetomidine bolus of 2 g/kg intravenous... | PMC4326345 |
pubmed-218 | clozapine remains an ultimate option for patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia (kane 2012). efficacy of clozapine against positive symptoms of schizophrenia was confirmed in numerous studies and meta-analyses (chakos et al. 2001), including analysis published by the cochrane library (asenjo lobos et al. howev... | aim: agouti-related peptide (agrp) is one of the hypothalamic hormones that works by increasing appetite and decreasing metabolism, thus leading to weight gain. the aim of the study was to find out if agrp level in subjects with schizophrenia on clozapine monotherapy is higher compared with healthy controls. methodolog... | PMC4351436 |
pubmed-219 | it is widely accepted that mutation is the main causal factor for diverse tumorigenesis [1, 2]. the recent development of next-generation sequencing (ngs) technologies has revolutionized the speed and throughput of dna sequencing, which facilitates the discovery of new driver mutations. for example, the arid1a gene is ... | next-generation sequencing (ngs) is widely used to identify the causative mutations underlying diverse human diseases, including cancers, which can be useful for discovering the diagnostic and therapeutic targets. currently, a number of single-nucleotide variant (snv)-calling algorithms are available; however, there is... | PMC4330268 |
pubmed-220 | proliferative vitreoretinopathy (pvr) remains the major complication after retinal detachment surgery [13]. pvr was identified as an independent clinical entity in 1983 by the retina society terminology committee and a classification was created, based on the condition formerly named massive vitreous traction or mas... | purpose. to evaluate the current and suitable use of current proliferative vitreoretinopathy (pvr) classifications in clinical publications related to treatment. methods. a pubmed search was undertaken using the term proliferative vitreoretinopathy therapy. outcome parameters were the reported pvr classification and ... | PMC4939352 |
pubmed-221 | the number of total joint arthroplasties (tjas) performed has increased steadily in recent years, with projected numbers for the coming years rising further. consequently according to recent data, peri-prosthetic joint infection (pji) incidence constitutes between approximately 0.3% and 1.7% of all total hip arthroplas... | total joint arthroplasty (tja) is one of the most common orthopaedic procedures. nevertheless, several complications can lead to implant failure.peri-prosthetic joint infections (pji) certainly represent a significant challenge in tja, constituting a major cause of prosthetic revision. the surgeon may have an important... | PMC5367521 |
pubmed-222 | diabetic retinopathy (dr) is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in developed countries. the decrease in vision is due to diabetic macular edema (dme) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (pdr) [1, 2]. the control of the blood glucose level, vitreous surgery, and photocoagulation are the major treatmen... | aim. we investigated whether lecithin-bound iodine (lbi) can protect the integrity of tight junctions of retinal pigment epithelial cells from hypoxia. method. cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (arpe-19) cells were pretreated with lbi. to mimic hypoxic conditions, cells were incubated with cocl2. we compared t... | PMC4906216 |
pubmed-223 | obstructive sleep apnea (osa) is a common public health problem worldwide and it has been shown to be associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular complications such as death, stroke, or myocardial infarction. the 2014 american heart association/american stroke association guideline recommends that patients... | obstructive sleep apnea (osa) is a common public health issue. if left untreated, osa may cause a large health economic burden from cardiovascular complications particularly stroke. the diagnosis of osa can be made by polysomnography, but its availability is limited in the developing countries in asia. stop-bang questi... | PMC4830364 |
pubmed-224 | triple-negative breast cancer (tnbc) is characterized by absence of expression of the estrogen (er) and progesterone receptors (pr) and no human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2)/neu gene amplification [1, 2]. unlike hormone receptor-positive and her2-overexpressing breast cancers, tnbc is unresponsive to endoc... | this is a case study of a 52-year-old female patient diagnosed in june 2007 with primary metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast and synchronous metastases in the bone, lymph nodes, and lung. biopsy results of the tumor tissue were negative for the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epi... | PMC3551390 |
pubmed-225 | in humans, type i interferons are encoded by ~16 genes and individual genes encoding,, and. their gene products are highly structurally related and all bind to a single receptor (ifnar) consisting of heterodimeric r1 and r2 subunits. in contrast, ifn- consists of 3 genes, ifn-1, 2 and 3 (formally, il-29, il-28a and i... | stat2 is unique among the stat family of transcription factors in that its activation is driven predominantly by only two classes of cell surface receptors: type i and iii interferon receptors. as such, stat2 plays a critical role in host defenses against viral infections. viruses have evolved to target stat2 by either... | PMC3670274 |
pubmed-226 | for patients with operable breast cancer, the major prognostic determinant is whether there has or has not been spread to the axilla and the number of involved axillary nodes. initially it was suggested that breast cancer first spreads locoregionally via lymphatics to the axillary lymph nodes and then metastasises more... | sentinel lymph node biopsy (slnb) is a safe and accurate minimally invasive method for detecting axillary lymph node (aln) involvement in the clinically negative axilla thereby reducing morbidity in patients who avoid unnecessary axillary lymph node dissection (alnd). although current guidelines recommend completion al... | PMC3262558 |
pubmed-227 | labor wellbeing refers to all efforts of employers, trade unions, voluntary organizations, and governmental agencies, which help employees feel better and perform (work) better. it is a comprehensive term that refers to the physical, mental, moral, and emotional wellbeing of an individual including intra and extra mura... | background: reviewing the human resources management literature shows an absence of attention given to the employee's benefits. taking a look at functions of the tehran university of medical sciences wellbeing services system, it uncovers a gap between employees real needs and what is delivered to meet their needs. so ... | PMC4355841 |
pubmed-228 | a biloma is a rare abnormal accumulation of intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile caused by traumatic or spontaneous rupture of the biliary tree1, 2). it is most commonly caused by surgery, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (ptc), percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (ptbd), and abdominal trauma11, 12). we re... | a " biloma " is a loculated collection of bile located outside of the biliary tree. it can be caused by traumatic, iatrogenic or spontaneous rupture of the biliary tree. prior reports have documented an association of biloma with abdominal trauma, surgery and other primary causes, but spontaneous bile leakage has rarel... | PMC2687696 |
pubmed-229 | primary hyperhidrosis is a common disease that is characterized by excessive sweating of face, palms, or axilla, occurring in 0.6-3% of a population (1, 2). since kux performed endoscopic thoracic sympathetic surgery (3), it has been popular during the past few decades as the surgical treatment of choice for facial, pa... | we performed sympathetic nerve reconstruction using intercostal nerve in patients with severe compensatory hyperhidrosis after sympathetic surgery for primary hyperhidrosis, and analyzed the surgical results. from february 2004 to august 2007, sympathetic nerve reconstruction using intercostal nerve was performed in 19... | PMC2844605 |
pubmed-230 | in march 2014, an unprecedented outbreak of ebola virus disease (evd) began in western africa that as of july 2015 is ongoing and has claimed more than 11000 lives. the current outbreak is caused by viruses belonging to the species of the zaire ebolavirus, a member of the filoviridae family. filoviridae are envelo... | in the wake of the ongoing 2014/2015 ebola virus outbreak, significant questions regarding the appropriate handling of ebola virus-contaminated liquid waste remain, including the persistence of ebola virus in wastewater. to address these uncertainties, we evaluated the persistence of ebola virus spiked in steriliz... | PMC4613737 |
pubmed-231 | pulmonary nodules and lung tumours move substantially during respiration with significant differences according to the tumour localization. respiratory tumour motion is a big challenge for radiotherapy, especially for high precision techniques. an additional target dose escalation which is deemed necessary for a curati... | novel technology has made dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (mri) of lung motion and lung tumour mobility during continuous respiration feasible. this might be beneficial for planning of radiotherapy of lung tumours, especially when using high precision techniques. this paper describes the recent developments to analy... | PMC1805066 |
pubmed-232 | a 21-month-old male patient, 75 cm in height and 10 kg in weight, experienced tricuspid valve regurgitation (tvr) and was scheduled to undergo tricuspid valve plasty. the tvr was discovered in a follow-up test 1 year after he had undergone ventricular septal defect repair surgery. before tricuspid valve plasty, a tee w... | visual loss occurring after pediatric cardiac surgery employing cardiopulmonary bypass (cpb) is relatively rare but the risk is substantial. compromised cerebral perfusion due to a cpb related micro-embolization and inflammatory vascular changes as well as reduced oxygen carrying capacity in hemodilution and hypothermi... | PMC2908231 |
pubmed-233 | neonatal period (the first 28 days after birth), which is the period of various physiological adaptations to the extrauterine life, is a vulnerable time. more than 10 million children die before the age of 5 years, 8 million of whom die before the age of 1 year and more than half of these deaths occur in the first 4 we... | background: a newborn is highly fragile whose death can be caused by embryonic, intrapartum, and postpartum factors. identifying the causes of death is the first step to be taken in order to decrease the death rate. the present study was aimed at finding out how neonatal factors and therapeutic actions affect death of ... | PMC4223965 |
pubmed-234 | lung cancer remains the leading type of cancer worldwide and in latin america [1, 2]. the disease burden is significantly high, with around 2.5 million new cases per year and 1.5 million deaths worldwide. the two main histological subtypes of lung cancer are small-cell lung cancer (sclc), which comprises 15% of cases, ... | inflammation is a component of the tumor microenvironment and represents the 7th hallmark of cancer. chronic inflammation plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. tumor infiltrating inflammatory cells mediate processes associated with progression, immune suppression, promotion of neoangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, r... | PMC4749813 |
pubmed-235 | subjective cognitive complaints (scc) are quite prevalent among older adults, with some estimates suggesting that between 25% and 50% of all older adults have self-perceived memory impairment [1, 2]. in clinical practice, it is often difficult to assess the veracity and severity of subjective cognitive complaints, prim... | objective. vascular mild cognitive impairment (vamci) is differentiated from mild cognitive impairment (mci) by the presence of vascular events such as stroke or small vessel disease. typically, mci and vamci patients present with subjective complaints regarding cognition; however, little is known about the specific n... | PMC3830842 |
pubmed-236 | the 42 participating spanish hospitals were selected according to earss criteria (1,7). the total catchment population was 9 million people, or 22.5% of the spanish population. the first blood e. coli isolates obtained from each patient between 2003 and 2006 were included. each laboratory identified the strains and tes... | to determine the evolution and trends of amoxicillin clavulanic acid resistance among escherichia coli isolates in spain, we tested 9,090 blood isolates from 42 spanish hospitals and compared resistance with trends in outpatient consumption. these isolates were collected by spanish hospitals that participated in the e... | PMC2600377 |
pubmed-237 | a 51-year-old caucasian female was referred to our institution because of an abnormal nodule detected in her right lung. this had at first been detected four months earlier when she underwent an urgent hartmann procedure due to refractory adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon (pt4n1 stage). due to the urgency of the surg... | solitary fibrous tumor is a rare spindle cell mesenchymal tumor entity, with either benign or malignant behavior that can not be accurately predicted by histological findings. an intrapulmonary site of origin is even rarer. we report a case of a 51-year-old woman in whom an abnormal nodule in the lower right lung was d... | PMC3756163 |
pubmed-238 | malakoplakia is a rare chronic inflammatory disease that occurs most commonly in the genitourinary tract, especially the urinary bladder. most patients have associated conditions characterized by some degree of immunosuppression, as seen in solid-organ transplants, autoimmune diseases requiring steroid use, chemotherap... | malakoplakia is an uncommon but distinctive type of chronic granulomatous inflammation that occurs most commonly in the genitourinary tract, especially the urinary bladder. most patients have associated conditions characterized by some degree of immunosuppression, as seen in solid-organ transplants, autoimmune diseases... | PMC3383148 |
pubmed-239 | ghrelin, a 28-amino-acide peptide, is a potent stimulator of growth hormone release that has been implicated in the control of food intake and energy homeostasis in human begins and rodents [15]. ghrelin is not secreted into the gastrointestinal tract like digestive enzymes but into blood vessels to circulate thro... | background/aim. ghrelin has effects on nutrient intake and growth. the cause of growth retardation in congenital heart disease is multifactorial. the aim of the present study is to investigate the ghrelin in congenital heart disease and the association of ghrelin with tnf- and il-6. materials and methods. we measured ... | PMC2220042 |
pubmed-240 | enteric viruses are major etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis among infants and young children worldwide. rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus are the recognized viral causes of pediatric gastroenteritis. the world health organization (who) data showed that each child practically has viral diarrhea ir... | enteric viruses have been shown to be responsible for diarrhea among children during their early childhood. this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of rotavirus, adenovirus, and norovirus infection in young children with diarrhea in two primary health centers in edo state, nigeria. a total of 223 stool s... | PMC4430648 |
pubmed-241 | alpha ()2-adrenoceptor agonists have been used as adjuvant to anesthetic agents in peri-operative period for its several beneficial actions. these drugs improve hemodynamic stability during endotracheal intubation and surgical stress by its central sympatholytic action, and thus reduce anesthetic and opioids requiremen... | background: dexmedetomidine, a 2 agonist as an adjuvant in general anesthesia, has anesthetic and analgesic-sparing property.aims:to evaluate the effect of continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine alone, without use of opioids, on requirement of sevoflurane during general anesthesia with continuous monitoring of depth of... | PMC3788228 |
pubmed-242 | primary pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma (ppss) is a rare soft tissue malignancy representing only 0.1%-0.5% of all primary lung malignancies. the frequency of cardiac metastasis from soft tissue sarcomas ranges from 3.5% to 35% with only two cases of metastatic synovial sarcoma of the heart reported: one involving the... | primary pleuropulmonary synovial sarcomas are rare soft tissue malignancies; combined metastatic involvement of the heart is extremely rare. in this case report, a 17-year-old female presented with a history of chest pain. chest radiographs revealed a round mass in the left upper hemithorax, and computed tomography (ct... | PMC5118976 |
pubmed-243 | cervical cancer is the third most common cancer after breast and colorectal cancer and the fourth leading cause of death among women in malaysia(1-3). it remains to be one of the major cancers that burden worldwide particularly in under-developed and developing countries (cervical cancer incidence rate increased with a... | abstractbackgroundcervical cancer is the third most common cancer among women in malaysia. the objective of this study was to estimate the effect of explanatory variables on survival time of cervical cancer patients receiving treatment at a hospital in malaysia. methodsin this retrospective record review study, cervica... | PMC4453897 |
pubmed-244 | cocaine and other amphetamine-like psychostimulants have been a significant part of the human pharmacopoeia for thousands of years. however, the appearance of these substances in western societies has been relatively recent, cocaine having debuted as both a local anesthetic and a psychostimulant in the 19th century. ov... | although the pharmacology of amphetamine-like psychostimulants at dopamine transporters is well understood, addiction to this class of drugs has proven difficult to deal with. the reason for this disconnection is that while the molecular mechanism of amphetamine action is critical to reinforce drug use, it is only the ... | PMC3202508 |
pubmed-245 | arachnoid cysts are benign, non-neoplastic and extra-axial lesions; most of them are clinically silent and unchanged in size. in previous studies112131524), the incidence of arachnoid cysts has been estimated to range between 0.3% to 1.7%. however, the advanced neuroimaging techniques have facilitated the diagnosis of ... | posterior fossa is a site next to the middle fossa where arachnoid cyst frequently occurs. generally, most arachnoid cysts are asymptomatic and are found incidentally in most cases. although arachnoid cysts are benign and asymptomatic lesions, patients with posterior fossa arachnoid cysts often complain of headaches, g... | PMC4877559 |
pubmed-246 | cities around the world can look very different if you compare the living conditions for the residents. however, it is not only different cities that can have completely diverse standards of infrastructure and social security. living in the slums compared to more wealthy neighbourhoods, will expose the inhabitants to d... | the world is becoming more urban every day, and the process has been ongoing since the industrial revolution in the 18th century. the united nations now estimates that 3.9 billion people live in urban centres. the rapid influx of residents is however not universal and the developed countries are already urban, but the ... | PMC4481042 |
pubmed-247 | the effect of family on workforce is an important though often overlooked issue for work organizations, with implications for the morale, stability and productivity of the workforce. presumably men and women do not shed their family roles, relationships and experiences the moment they don their work clothes. indeed, th... | the article presents the premises for the need to develop a relationship-focused family life education program for young adult employees. the article explores the changing trends in the indian family unit and their impact on the workforce. the author also presents the findings from interviews with family-intervention e... | PMC2923417 |
pubmed-248 | surgical resection of tumors is a common therapeutic procedure, especially for early-stage localized, and potentially curative, disease. while surgery can ultimately cure many patients, such as those with early-stage disease, distant macroscopic metastasis can emerge in others months to years later (demicheli et al. i... | summarysurgery remains the most successful curative treatment for cancer. however, some patients with early-stage disease who undergo surgery eventually succumb to distant metastasis. here, we show that in response to surgery, the lungs become more vulnerable to metastasis due to extracellular matrix remodeling. mice t... | PMC5413586 |
pubmed-249 | these conditions may be life-threatening (e.g. oral cancers) or not, progressing (caries, periodontitis, etc.) or not, dealing with aesthetics (staining in anterior teeth such as molar incisor hypomineralisation (mih)) or pain (pulpitis, mih in posterior teeth, etc.). ohrqol is highly subjective and has to be assessed... | objectivesoral health-related quality of life (ohrqol) can be considered as the scientific expression of that part of a person s well-being that is affected by his/her oral health. the aim of this paper was to evaluate how to use the data available in the field of research to make a link between ohrqol and dentin hyper... | PMC3585693 |
pubmed-250 | the direct conversion of solar energy to a chemical fuel is an essential part of future sustainable energy systems that are independent of fossil reserves. hydrogen is an environmentally benign energy carrier of high-energy density and can be produced by photocatalytic water reduction. platinum and other noble me... | a molecular proton reduction catalyst [fefe](dcbdt)(co)6 (1, dcbdt=1,4-dicarboxylbenzene-2,3-dithiolate) with structural similarities to [fefe]-hydrogenase active sites has been incorporated into a highly robust zr(iv)-based metal organic framework (mof) by postsynthetic exchange (pse). the pse protocol is crucia... | PMC3829681 |
pubmed-251 | aging is part of the natural process of human development, and it brings multiple biopsychosocial changes that cause a slow and progressive deterioration of body functions that are essential to life. among these functions that undergo important mostly irreversible changes is hearing.1 hearing loss is considered one of ... | introduction hearing loss is one of the most common problems in the elderly population. besides compromising oral communication, it directly affects social relations and prevents elderly patients from living actively in society, possibly leading to the onset of depression or other conditions. objective to analyze t... | PMC4490931 |
pubmed-252 | ameloblastomas are rare benign odontogenic tumours, most commonly found in a patient s lower jaw. although rarely metastatic, the growth of these lesions can result in defects in the jaw easily destroying surrounding bony tissues. for this reason, the treatment is often excision of the lesion, with wide excision margin... | this case report describes a 35-year-old caucasian radiographer who presented with a significant mandibular bony defect following multiple excisions of an ameloblastoma. as a result, there was an absence of teeth on the lower-right mandible and a clear defect in the mandible. the treatment objectives were to rebuild th... | PMC3578664 |
pubmed-253 | glycogen synthase kinase-3 (gsk-3), an evolutionarily conserved ubiquitous serine threonine kinase consisting of and isoforms, is a multifaceted protein with diverse cellular and neurophysiological functions. the main structural difference between gsk-3 and gsk-3 isoforms lies in the n- and c-terminal regions, while... | the mood stabilizer lithium inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 (gsk-3) directly or indirectly by enhancing serine phosphorylation of both and isoforms. lithium robustly protected primary brain neurons from glutamate-induced excitotoxicity; these actions were mimicked by other gsk-3 inhibitors or silencing/inhibiting... | PMC3152742 |
pubmed-254 | ionizing radiation is a well-known carcinogen in humans, and breast is one of the most sensitive organs to radiogenic cancer. the rate of breast cancer in postwar japan was among the lowest in the world, but breast cancer contributed a disproportionately large fraction of the radiation-related cancer burden in atomic b... | long noncoding rnas (lncrnas) are emerging as key regulators of diverse cell functions and processes. however, the relevance of lncrnas in the cell and tissue response to ionizing radiation has not yet been characterized. here we used microarray profiling to determine lncrna and mrna expression in mammary glands of bal... | PMC4353441 |
pubmed-255 | olfactory neuroblastoma (onb) is a rare malignant tumor arising from the olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses. the anatomic origin in the superior nasal cavity leads to nonspecific symptoms that make early diagnosis difficult. direct extension of the tumor into the anterior cranial f... | objective. the aim of this study was to evaluate clinicopathological findings and the efficacy of the treatment modalities used in patients with olfactory neuroblastomas. study design. retrospective record review. setting. istanbul university, cerrahpasa medical faculty, medical oncology outpatient clinic. subjects an... | PMC3197260 |
pubmed-256 | network-driven spindle-like oscillations are a functional hallmark of the developing cerebral cortex. during late prenatal and early postnatal stages of development, spontaneous spindle-like oscillations have been identified as physiological activity patterns in various neocortical areas of different mammalian species ... | spontaneous and sensory evoked spindle bursts represent a functional hallmark of the developing cerebral cortex in vitro and in vivo. they have been observed in various neocortical areas of numerous species, including newborn rodents and preterm human infants. spindle bursts are generated in complex neocortical-subcort... | PMC4806652 |
pubmed-257 | atrazine, 6-chloro-n2-ethyl-n4-isopropyl-1, 3, 5 atrazine, 4-diamine, is a selective herbicide that has been extensively used in corn production to control many broad-leaf and some grassy weeds. atrazine has long-term reproductive and endocrine-disrupting effects and a probable human carcinogen. international agency fo... | atrazine herbicide that is widely used in corn production is frequently detected in water resources. the main objectives of this research were focused on assessing the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on atrazine biodegradation by mixed bacterial consortium and by evaluating the feasibility of using mixed bacteri... | PMC3603203 |
pubmed-258 | microleakage between the root canal filling and root-canal walls may adversely affects the results of root-canal treatment.1 apical leakage is considered to be common cause of endodontic failure.2 hence, different endodontic filling materials, sealers and techniques have been introduced to the dental community in an at... | background: the aim of this study was to quantitatively analyze the amount of dye leakage with ah26, sealapex and tubliseal sealers in endodonticaly treated teeth. materials and methods: a total of 36 extracted mandibular molar specimens were divided into three groups; group i: sealapex, group ii: tubliseal, group ii: ... | PMC4377145 |
pubmed-259 | targeting type 4 phosphodiesterase (pde4) has been recognized as a promising approach to managing copd by relieving the symptoms, slowing the progress of the disease, increasing exercise tolerance, reducing exacerbation rate, and improving quality of life (giembycz 2001, 2005; mehats et al 2003; spina 2003, 2004; lagen... | targeting type 4 phosphodiesterase (pde4) for treatment of copd has multilevel benefits to patients by reducing inflammation, relieving bronchoconstriction, and improving pulmonary circulation. the isoenzyme-specific narrow spectrum pde4 inhibitors such as cilomilast and roflumilast may have limited clinical efficacy i... | PMC2707810 |
pubmed-260 | long-acting beta-2 agonists such as salmeterol and formoterol are important controller medications in the maintenance therapy of chronic stable asthma, used as an add-on drug to inhaled corticosteroid. however, their usefulness in the management of acute attacks of asthma has recently been recognized, and they are appr... | arformoterol, a long-acting beta-2 agonist, has a rapid onset and long duration of action. its role as rescue medication in acute asthma attack is undetermined. to compare the efficacy and tolerability of arformoterol with salbutamol nebulization, a study was conducted among 50 patients with acute non-severe asthma. pa... | PMC3153715 |
pubmed-261 | hepatic angiomyolipoma (haml) is a rare benign mesenchymal liver tumor first described by ishak in 1976; it belongs to a group of perivascular epithelioid cell tumors called pecoma. until date, approximately 300 cases have been reported [310]; however, its natural history has not been clarified. the tumor composed of... | angiomyolipoma (aml) is a benign mesenchymal tumor that is frequently found in the kidney and, rarely, in the liver. the natural history of hepatic aml has not been clarified, and, because of the similar patterns in imaging studies, such as ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, some of t... | PMC3540709 |
pubmed-262 | the sentinel node is defined as the first tumour-draining lymphatic filter, and its involvement by metastatic disease should predict the global nodal status of the specific patient. skip metastasis in the context of a normal sentinel node is described as a very rare event. in patients with clinically node-negative dise... | summarybackgroundthe aim of this pilot trial was to study the feasibility of sentinel node percutaneous preoperative gamma probe-guided biopsy as a valid preoperative method of assessment of nodal status compared to surgical sentinel lymph node biopsy. material/methodsthis prospective study enrolled 10 consecutive pati... | PMC3560653 |
pubmed-263 | lymphangioleiomyomatosis (lam) is a rare idiopathic disease that exclusively occurs in women of childbearing age, and this disease is characterized by the proliferation of abnormal smooth muscle cells in the lungs and along the thoracic and abdominal lymphatics (1-3). the disease primarily affects the lungs in the majo... | lymphangioleiomyomatosis (lam) is a rare idiopathic disease and this is characterized by a proliferation of abnormal smooth muscle cells in the lungs and in the lymphatic system of the thorax and retroperitoneum. the female genital tract is rarely affected by lam. we report here on the ct and mr imaging findings of ext... | PMC3052620 |
pubmed-264 | ts is a key enzyme in the de novo synthesis of dtmp, an essential precursor of dna, which catalyses the methylation of dump to dtmp. the critical role of ts in the nucleotide metabolism has made it an important target of a variety of chemotherapeutic agents including 5-fu, 5-fu prodrugs as capecitabine, and nove... | thymidylate synthase (ts) catalyzes methylation of dump to dtmp and it is the target for the 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) activity. barbour et al. showed that variant structural forms of ts in tumour cell lines confer resistance to fluoropyrimidines. w... | PMC2915790 |
pubmed-265 | nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis (nlcs) was first described by hoffman and zuhrelle in 1921.1 it s a rare idiopathic hamartomatous benign condition characterized by the presence of an ectopic mature adipose tissue within the dermis. it is classified into two clinical variants: the classical form, usually compo... | introductionnevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis (nlcs) is a rare benign hamartomatous skin tumor characterized by dermal deposition of mature adipose tissue. it s classified in two types: the classical form with multiple soft, pedunculated, cerebriform papules and nodules that coalesce into plaques, and the solit... | PMC3437641 |
pubmed-266 | the use of chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer has opened new possibilities for improvement of the quality of life of cancer patients. despite its success, treatment with some of the most effective anticancer drugs, the mechanism of cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (ii) or cddp) induced nephrotoxicity has gr... | cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (ii) or cddp), used in the treatment of many solid-tissue cancers, has its chief side-effect in nephrotoxicity. hence, this study sought to investigate and compare the protective effect of gallic acid (ga) and tannic acid (ta) against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in rats. the... | PMC4897306 |
pubmed-267 | while it is true that not all patients are able to dialyse themselves at home, it is a sad fact that many are never given the chance, despite the fact that patient choice has never been more discussed as an answer to almost any health care problem. although studies suggest that renal physicians and nurses regard home ... | pre-emptive living donor transplantation should always be promoted as the first-line treatment for kidney failure. where that is not possible, patients must receive timely information and advice regarding all dialysis options available, including home-based peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis. where a dialysis unit e... | PMC4421456 |
pubmed-268 | the conventional definitions of pediatric adiposity depend on a measured body mass index (bmi, kg/m) interpreted relative to a reference distribution (bmi normative growth charts) for sex and age [13]. because it has body weight in its numerator, bmi reflects generalized (total-body) enlargement with a simplified corre... | convention defines pediatric adiposity by the body mass index z-score (bmiz) referenced to normative growth charts. waist-to-height ratio (whtr) does not depend on sex-and-age references. in the healthy study enrollment sample, we compared bmiz with whtr for ability to identify adverse cardiometabolic risk. among 5,482... | PMC4123559 |
pubmed-269 | the bucky shuttle being the combination of nanosize carbon structures fullerene and nanotube, has many possible applications: nanoscale storage cells, devices for directed medicine transfer and containers for effective and safe gas storage [7-13]. nanosize containers and capsules of various shapes that allow rea... | the processes of methane adsorption, storage and desorption by the nanocapsule are investigated with molecular-dynamic modeling method. the specific nanocapsule shape defines its functioning uniqueness: methane is adsorbed under 40 mpa and at normal temperature with further blocking of methane molecules the k@c601+endo... | PMC2894144 |
pubmed-270 | we explore, in mice, the possibility of diagnosing an early-melanoma tumor and following its growth by analyzing the changes that occur throughout the pathological process in vocs excreted in urine and feces. we report here total of 29 potential biomarker candidates of melanoma; 25 of these are novel, and 4 have been p... | melanoma is the most malignant type of skin cancer. early detection of melanoma is thus critical for patient prognosis and survival. at present, examination by a skilled dermatologist followed by biopsy of suspicious lesions is the diagnostic gold standard. the aim of the present study was to examine an alternative and... | PMC4437384 |
pubmed-271 | genome-wide association studies (gwass) have emerged as a powerful non-biased technique for identifying pathways related to human diseases with complex genetic architecture. understanding such complex diseases requires a broad understanding of the relevant functional nodes regulating disease-relevant pathways. genes do... | summarythe polymorphism atg16l1 t300a, associated with increased risk of crohn s disease, impairs pathogen defense mechanisms including selective autophagy, but specific pathway interactions altered by the risk allele remain unknown. here, we use perturbational profiling of human peripheral blood cells to reveal that c... | PMC4507440 |
pubmed-272 | takayasu arteritis (ta) is a chronic inflammatory arteritis affecting the aorta and its main branches. the disease has a world-wide distribution, but has a high prevalence in japan. although there are no population based studies from india, reports have shown than the prevalence may be as high as in japan. most of the ... | takayasu arteritis (ta), a chronic inflammatory arteritis affecting the aorta and its main branches, is a rare condition mainly affecting young women in the second and third decades of life. occurrence of ta in infants is extremely rare, with only less than 10 cases reported all over the world until date. we report a c... | PMC4119343 |
pubmed-273 | the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity, especially in preschool aged children [1, 2], has stimulated research targeting critical periods of growth. according to freinkel's hypothesis of fuel-mediated teratogenesis, the intrauterine environment can influence changes in gene expression and affect the developm... | increasing evidence supports the contribution of intrauterine environmental exposures on obesity risk in offspring. few studies have included maternal and infant lifestyle factors. our objective was to study the impact of maternal physical activity, infant feeding, and screen time on offspring weight gain and adiposity... | PMC3463916 |
pubmed-274 | we recently demonstrated that diabetes directly induced dental caries in rats and mice, although a direct association between the 2 was less evident and conflicting in humans [14]. we demonstrated that dental caries were produced using noncariogenic diets with a low concentration of sugar in diabetic rodent models [57]... | we have previously shown that dental caries may be produced in diabetic rodent models fed with noncariogenic standard diets; however, many studies usually add large amounts of sugar to the diet to induce dental caries. moreover, the physical properties of cariogenic diets have been reported as an important factor in th... | PMC3674722 |
pubmed-275 | we collected all possible literature from the year 1972 (when kfd was first described) to the present day conducting a medical search on kikuchi fujimoto disease (kfd) in english language. we included publications in authorized medical journals including original and review articles/theses, editorials, case reports and... | in order to determine the clinical significance of kikuchi fujimoto disease (histiocytic necrotizing lymhadenitis) and to review the literature available on this condition, we selected the medicine research papers in english language published between the years 1972 to 2011.kikuchi fujimoto disease (kfd) is an uncommon... | PMC3399407 |
pubmed-276 | human parvovirus (hpv) b19, being first discovered and introduced in 1975, is a non-enveloped single-stranded dna virus from the parvoviridae family. the virus is transmitted by respiratory droplets and the prevalence is estimated to be high since most of the individuals are infected by the age of 15. the clinical synd... | human parvovirus (hpv) b19 induced aplastic crisis in a family leading to the diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis (hs) is a very rare condition being barely reported in the literature. we herein report a 4-year-old girl, her brother, and their mother who all presented with progressive pallor and jaundice after a febr... | PMC4567607 |
pubmed-277 | primary mitochondrial disorders due to impaired oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos) are a well-established cause of severe disability and precocious death in both children and adults (koopman et al., 2012). no effective therapies are currently available for these conditions, but encouraging results have recently been o... | summarymitochondrial disorders are highly heterogeneous conditions characterized by defects of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. pharmacological activation of mitochondrial biogenesis has been proposed as an effective means to correct the biochemical defects and ameliorate the clinical phenotype in these severely di... | PMC4051987 |
pubmed-278 | irinotecan is commonly used in combination with oxaliplatin as a component of folfirinox chemotherapy for several gastrointestinal malignancies. the purpose of this case report is to describe a patient who developed acute paralysis and aphasia while receiving her initial infusion of irinotecan. a 67-year-old woman with... | backgroundirinotecan is commonly used in combination with oxaliplatin as a component of folfirinox chemotherapy for several gastrointestinal malignancies. the purpose of this case report is to describe a patient who developed acute paralysis and aphasia while receiving her initial infusion of irinotecan. case reporta 6... | PMC4376921 |
pubmed-279 | pleomorphic carcinoma is an aggressive tumour initially described in the lung by nash and stout. in the 4th edition of the world health organization (who) classification of tumours of the lung, pleomorphic carcinoma is defined as a poorly differentiated (squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma) or undifferentiated ca... | pleomorphic carcinoma is an aggressive neoplasm defined by the world health organization (who) as a poorly differentiated (squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma) or undifferentiated carcinoma in which at least 10% spindle and/or giant cells are identified, or as a carcinoma constituted purely of spindle and giant c... | PMC4939675 |
pubmed-280 | las fracturas por fragilidad asociadas a la osteoporosis suponen un gran coste econmico y personal para la sociedad. la ingesta de calcio farmacutico o diettico es necesaria para aumentar la densidad mineral y prevenir fracturas por fragilidad. aunque los productos lcteos son una buena fuente de calcio, los pacientes q... | background: fragility fractures associated with osteoporosis extract a large financial and personal toll on society. pharmaceutical or dietary calcium intake is needed to increase bone mineral density to prevent fragility fractures. although dairy products are a good source of calcium, patients who are unable to digest... | PMC4268642 |
pubmed-281 | it negatively influences the child's quality of life and is an important cause of absence from school and also a significant factor in health-related costs among children and adolescents. its prevalence varies greatly from 5.9 to 82%, depending on the definition criteria and the age of the patients. the international h... | objectiveheadache is one of the most common neurologic problems in children and adolescents. primary headache including migraine and tension-type headache comprises the vast majority of headaches and are associated with marked incidence, prevalence, and individual and social cost. we aimed to assess demographic charact... | PMC4006502 |
pubmed-282 | a total of 30 mabs that were either developed or in-licensed by companies are currently undergoing evaluation in late-stage studies (tables 1 and 2). five of these (brodalumab, mabp1, moxetumomab pasudotox, tildrakizumab, rilotumumab) transitioned into phase 3 studies during the period from late 2012 to april 2013. bro... | the transitions of antibody therapeutics to late-stage clinical development, regulatory review and the market are proceeding at a rapid pace in 2013. since late 2012, two monoclonal antibody (mab) therapeutics (itolizumab, trastuzumab emtansine) received their first approvals, first marketing applications for three mab... | PMC3906304 |
pubmed-283 | in order to proliferate, cells must accurately transmit their chromosomes from one generation to the next. in eukaryotes, the chromosomes are confined to the nucleus, the perimeter of which is defined by the nuclear envelope. the nuclear envelope is made of a double membrane; the outer nuclear membrane is continuous wi... | in eukaryotes, chromosomes are encased by a dynamic nuclear envelope. in contrast to metazoans, where the nuclear envelope disassembles during mitosis, many fungi including budding yeast undergo closed mitosis, where the nuclear envelope remains intact throughout the cell cycle. consequently, during closed mitosis th... | PMC3810332 |
pubmed-284 | green tea, unfermented and made from the leaves of the camellia sinensis plant, is one of the most popular beverages consumed across the world [13]. the property and chemical components of green teas are influenced by many factors, such as tea species, harvest season, climate, geographical locations, and processing. in... | the feasibility of electronic tongue and multivariate analysis was investigated for discriminating the specific geographical origins of a chinese green tea with protected designation of origin (pdo). 155 longjing tea samples from three subareas were collected and analyzed by an electronic tongue array of 7 sensors. to ... | PMC3728527 |
pubmed-285 | the original technique of staining the anterior capsule with trypan blue (tb) in eyes with no red reflex involves the injection of the dye with a cannula after filling the anterior chamber with an air bubble.1 the stability of the anterior chamber can be compromised by air escaping when the cannula is introduced and th... | the original technique of staining the anterior capsule of the lens with trypan blue involves the injection of an air bubble in the anterior chamber. a drawback of this technique is the possible instability of the anterior chamber caused by the sudden exit of air when the dye is injected with the cannula through the si... | PMC3563348 |
pubmed-286 | population aging can be considered as the most evident and dynamic aspect of modern demography, influencing the economy and public health in a significant way. the world has experienced a modest increase in the population above 60 years of age over the last six decades from 8% to 10%. however, there were 204 million e... | introduction dizziness is a symptom that can lead to falls, which, in turn, undermine ons independence and autonomy, leading to several comorbidities. the practice of physical exercise, however, can help prevent falls. objective the objective of this study is to confirm the association between physical exercise, di... | PMC4835334 |
pubmed-287 | of those deaths, an estimated 7.3 million were due to coronary heart disease and 6.2 million due to stroke. a disproportionate amount of those deaths, over 80%, take place in low- and middle-income countries and occur at similar rates among men and women. not surprisingly, elevated blood pressure levels are a major cau... | excess intake of dietary salt is estimated to be one of the leading risks to health worldwide. major national and international health organizations, along with many governments around the world, have called for reductions in the consumption of dietary salt. this paper discusses behavioural and population interventions... | PMC3259482 |
pubmed-288 | lumbar spine instability has been reported to be the leading cause of chronic back pain1. an a abnormal vertebral joint creates mechanical lesions and pains in the lumbar spine, decreasing stability and increasing the range of motion, resulting in functional degeneration2. these negative patterns have a variety of f... | [ purpose] the purpose of this study was to provide the data for constructing an integrated exercise program to help restore muscle strength and stability through extension strength exercise in adult females with lumbar disc herniation. [subjects and methods] an 8-week exercise program for lumbar muscle extension st... | PMC4905881 |
pubmed-289 | human movement can be classified into walking and running, the latter of which easily fatigues the lower limb muscles1,2,3,4. during running, the lower limbs must cope with the repeated transient impact of vertical ground reaction force (grf), which is an abrupt collision force equal to about 1.5- to 3-fold the body... | [ purpose] the present study aimed to determine changes in muscle activity while moving on a treadmill at various speeds. [subjects] the activities of the left vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, hip adductors, lateral head of gastrocnemius, medial head gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis anterior of 10 healthy male ... | PMC4339136 |
pubmed-290 | the use of the kuntscher nail has been the most important advancement in trauma surgery. he had an acetabulum fracture and a femoral shaft fracture treated 30 years ago with a reamed kuntscher femoral nail. lateral hip approach was performed and after attempting to remove the nail with the specific tools being unsucces... | introduction: the use of the kuntscher nail has been the most important advancement in trauma surgery. one of the problems is the difficulty to remove it. a new extraction technique is described in the present case report. case report: a 46-year-old man was referred for hip osteoarthritis. he had an acetabulum fracture... | PMC5245924 |
pubmed-291 | the prevalence of ulcerative colitis (uc) has increased each year for the past several decades. a large-scale population-based cohort study shows that the flare-up rate in women is 1.2 times higher than that in men. accordingly, female gender appears to be a risk factor for frequent uc flare-up. female patients often s... | a 36-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with ulcerative colitis at the age of 17 years was referred to our hospital because of severe abdominal pain and repeated bloody diarrhea that persisted during pregnancy despite combination therapy with high-dose corticosteroids and weekly granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive a... | PMC3088739 |
pubmed-292 | transitional cell carcinoma (tcc) of the urinary bladder can present as a non-muscle invasive or as a muscle-invasive lesion. the majority of patients (approximately 75%) present with non-muscle invasive tumors, which are limited to the mucosa (ta) or the lamina propria (t1) (1).. however, cis tends to behave more aggr... | we developed nomograms to predict disease recurrence in patients with ta, t1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. thirty-eight training hospitals participated in this retrospective multicenter study. between 1998 and 2002, a total of 1,587 patients with newly diagnosed non-muscle invasive bladder cancer were enr... | PMC2526537 |
pubmed-293 | endobronchial tuberculosis (ebtb) is a form of tuberculous infection that involves mainly the trachea and/or bronchi. the disease is often mistaken for more common lung diseases like pneumonia, asthma, lung cancer and other lung diseases. endobronchial stenosis is a common complication of ebtb despite the use of anti-t... | endobroncheal tuberculosis is defined as tuberculous infection of the tracheobronchial tree with microbial and histopathological evidence. the disease is usually mistaken for other lung diseases including lung cancer. bronchial stenosis is a common complication of this type of tuberculosis despite the use of effective ... | PMC3074291 |
pubmed-294 | medullary thyroid carcinoma (mtc) is a rare neuroendocrine cancer that originates from thyroid parafollicular calcitonin-(ct-) producing cells. mtc accounts for approximately 4% of all thyroid malignancies; approximately 75% of these cases occur in the sporadic form, and 25% occur in the hereditary form [13]. mtc usual... | parafollicular c-cell-derived medullary thyroid cancer (mtc) comprises 3% to 4% of all thyroid cancers. while cytotoxic treatments have been shown to have limited efficacy, targeted molecular therapies that inhibit rearranged during transfection (ret) and other tyrosine kinase receptors that are mainly involved in angi... | PMC3594951 |
pubmed-295 | the asialoglycoprotein receptor (asgpr) (also known as the ashwell receptor) mediates the capture and endocytosis of galactose- (gal) and n-acetylgalactosamine- (galnac) terminating glycoproteins. the relevance of this function has been the subject of much debate; the primary role may be the removal of potentially haza... | background. the asialoglycoprotein receptor (asgpr) is a hepatic receptor that mediates removal of potentially hazardous glycoconjugates from blood in health and disease. the receptor comprises two proteins, asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 and 2 (asgr1 and asgr2), encoded by the genes asgr1 and asgr2. design and methods... | PMC3419429 |
pubmed-296 | the prevalence of obesity in the united states has increased over the past several decades. according to the national health and nutrition examination survey (nhanes) results, between the years of 1988 and 1994, 22.9% of adults aged 20 years and older exceeded the criteria for adult obesity [body mass index (bmi) 30 k... | the prevalence of childhood obesity in the united states increased more than three-fold from 1976 1980 to 2007 2008. the presidential youth fitness program s fitnessgram is the current method recommended by the president s council on fitness, sports&nutrition for assessing health-related fitness factors, including bo... | PMC4882466 |
pubmed-297 | brown tumor is a non-neoplastic giant cell lesion characterized by increased circulating levels of parathyroid hormone (pth). it is usually an uncommon lesion occurring with the frequency of 4.5% in primary hyperparathyroidism (hpt) and 1.5-1.7% in cases of secondary hpt, with overall incidence of 0.1%. hpt can be clas... | brown tumor is a giant cell lesion associated with hyperparathyroidism. it is a non-neoplastic condition and represents terminal stage of the remodeling process in hyperparathyroid state. we report a case of brown tumor with multiple lesions in craniofacial region associated with ectopic parathyroid adenoma revealed af... | PMC4053678 |
pubmed-298 | central nervous system drugs (58.7 %) were the most prescribed class of inappropriate medications in korean long-term care facilities.inappropriate medication use was associated with the number of co-medications and long-term care insurance grade 3, which means less dependence and a requirement of low-level care.effec... | backgroundelderly residents of long-term care facilities are more vulnerable to being prescribed inappropriate medications because of the high incidence of co-medication in this population resulting from the presence of multiple chronic diseases and also age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. obj... | PMC4674516 |
pubmed-299 | in patients with chronic hepatitis and in those with liver cirrhosis, detection of increasing incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) requires careful monitoring every 36 months using ultrasound sonography (us), computed tomography (ct), magnetic resonance imaging (mri), and frequent blood tests. once hcc is dete... | key clinical messageautologous formalin-fixed tumor vaccine (aftv) suppressed re-recurrence for more than 32 months of multiple-recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma based on hepatitis c virus-induced liver cirrhosis in a case with previous recurrence interval, 51-, 28-, 12-, and 4-months. we detected glypican-3-specific... | PMC4498860 |
pubmed-300 | techniques and equipment to accomplish endotracheal (et) intubation were the precursor to modern day invasive mechanical ventilation. in recent years, however, the popularity of the et tube has waned. clinically, the et tube is seen as an impediment to spontaneous breathing, a transit route for bacteria to the lower ai... | concerns about the work of breathing imposed by the endotracheal tube have led clinicians to routinely use pressure support to overcome this resistive component. more recently, ventilator manufacturers have introduced systems to automatically overcome endotracheal tube resistance, regardless of tube diameter or patient... | PMC270725 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.