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Nietzsche Beyond Good and Ewil Edited by Rolf-Peter Horstmann and Judith Norman more information WWW: cambridge org/9780521770781 Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy This page intentionally left blank CAMBRIDGE TEXTS IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE Beyond Good and Evil |
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Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame DESMOND M. CLARKE Professor of Philosophy at University College Cork The main objective of Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy is to expand the range, variety, and quality of texts in the history of philosophy which are available in English. The series in... |
EDITED BY ROLF-PETER HORSTMANN Humboldt-Universitat, Berlin JUDITH NORMAN Trinity University, Texas TRANSLATED BY JUDITH NORMAN Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, So Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge , United Kingdom Published in the United States by Cambridge... |
Chronology, page vii = xxix. Furtherreading, page vii = xxxii. Noteonthetext, page vii = xxxiv. Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future, page vii = . Preface, page vii = . Part Ontheprejudicesofphilosophers, page vii = . Part Thefreespirit, page vii = . Part Thereligiouscharacter, page vii = . Part ... |
Beyond Good and Evil ( BGE ) is often considered to be one of Friedrich Nietzsche's greatest books. Though it is by no means clear what criteria this assessment is based on, it is easy to understand how it comes about. It seems to be an expression of the feeling that in this book Nietzsche gives the most comprehensible... |
aphorisms, and he ends the book with a poem that hints at the artistic background to his concern with decadence and the means for overcoming it. Thus it would seem that the whole range of Nietzsche's interests, his prejudices and his preferences, his loathings and his hopes, and above all his deep insights into our sit... |
It is a perplexing fact that it is by no means easy to decide which of these two conflicting attitudes towards BGE should prevail, and in the end it maybearatherpersonalmatter.Neverthelessitispossibletoidentifysome conditions that will influence how we are likely to think about the merits of this work. Three main facto... |
Let us start with Nietzsche the person. In the history of art, science, philosophy, and even literature one very often finds that in order to appreciate or to evaluate a work it is not much of an advantage to be familiar with its author and his life: an intellectual or artistic product is better judged on its own merit... |
blind, to extremely exhausting states of prolonged migraine. These conditions made life tolerable for him only in a few places in northern Italy (in the winter) and the Swiss Engadine (in the summer), and it is in these places that he spent most of his time in the s. His social relations were always, to put it mildly, ... |
See the annihilating remark aimed at both of them in Ecce Homo which culminates in Nietzsche's pronouncement: 'I confess that the deepest objection to the Eternal Recurrence, my real idea from the abyss, is always my mother and my sister' ( KSA VI, , translation from Tanner, Nietzsche , p. ). KSA refers to S amtliche W... |
The most discouraging experience for Nietzsche, however, may not have been this failure to gain a wider recognition. If he could have believed that his few readers represented some sort of elite, perhaps a group of distinguished intellectuals, then their taking notice of his writings would have been of importance to hi... |
understand anything at all from my Zarathustra , you might need to be conditioned as I am - with one foot beyond life.' The second remark delineates what he takes to be his ideal reader, and there is no doubt that he meant what he says: 'When I call up the image of a perfect reader, what emerges is a monster of courage... |
In Ecce Homo Nietzsche even presents an explanation as to why he believes this stance to be perfectly reasonable: 'Ultimately, nobody can get more out of things, including books, than he already knows. For what one lacks access to from experience one will have no ear. Now let us imagine an extreme case: that a book spe... |
The second trait which we find in Nietzsche's writings is closely connected to his inability to assess himself in the light of others' reactions. It consists in his total unconcern about the tenability of his views when judged according to standards that he thinks are alien to his approach. Starting from the conviction... |
Thus we find embedded in Nietzsche's basic view of himself the recommendation not that we read his texts as aiming at 'objectively valid' judgments, at judgments that are (metaphysically) true irrespective of the cultural and psychological context in which they are made (whatever that may be), but that we think of them... |
Before looking more closely at some aspects of BGE itself, let me summarize what I take to be the lessons for approaching Nietzsche's writings that can be learned from his personal situation and his way of dealing with it. They take the form of three warnings: ( ) do not expect these writings to express impartial views... |
BGE is the first book Nietzsche published after Thus Spoke Zarathustra . Henevergaveuponthenotionthat all he really wanted to say is contained in Zarathustra , and this led him to claim that the works he wrote after Zarathustra are essentially nothing but elaborations and explications of ideas already present in his op... |
These proverbs are in a way the least of what BGE has to offer. Its primary fascination lies on a deeper level: this book introduces us into a world of remarkable conjectures, suspicions, and implications. Though one might say this is true of most of Nietzsche's other published works as well, with the exception of Zara... |
in emphasis between BGE and the other writings. Whereas the other texts pursue their subjects from many different angles, BGE (like The Genealogy of Morals , which Nietzsche announced on the back of its title page as 'a sequel to my last book, Beyond Good and Evil , which it is meant to supplement and clarify') is high... |
In order to appreciate the distinctive approach which Nietzsche favors in BGE in his dealings with what he calls 'modernity,' it might be worthwhiletosayafewwordsabouthismoregeneraloutlook.Thestartingpoint for almost everything Nietzsche is interested in throughout his entire intellectual career can be nicely summarize... |
Against the background of these convictions, Nietzsche became interested in the question of the origin of values, a question that eventually led him to a whole array of unorthodox and original answers. All his answers ultimately follow from a pattern of reasoning which in its most basic structure is quite simple and st... |
concept of value is a very tricky task methodologically is documented not only in BGE but also in almost all of Nietzsche's other writings. Acknowledging the fact that the different features of the value-creating processes are much too complex to be accessible by means of a single explanatory scheme, Nietzsche tentativ... |
BGE, it is tempting to proceed in the way normally used in dealing with philosophical texts: stating the questions addressed, and then trying to line up the arguments that the advocate of a position puts forward in favor of the answers he comes up with. However, in the case of Nietzsche and BGE it is by no means eviden... |
There are passages that make it very hard to believe in this illusion. See, e.g., remarks in that the activity of reason-giving is a post hoc affair intended to justify 'some fervent wish that they have sifted through and made properly abstract,' or (in the same section) his making fun of Spinoza's mos geometricus as a... |
Nietzscheobviouslyintended BGE toexemplifyasclearlyaspossibleall thecharacteristics he attributes to the style, the method, and the intentions of the 'new philosophers' - and yet it is remarkable how often this fact is not sufficiently acknowledged by his interpreters. This oversight is remarkable not only because it s... |
These attempts do not necessarily result in uninformative or misleading accounts of aspects of Nietzsche's thought. On the contrary, many of them shed considerable light on the historical background of his ideas and on the impact they could have on various discussions that happen to take place within the framework of a... |
However, perspectivism takes on a much more promising dimension if it is put into the broader context of the problem of justifying or at least of making plausible an insistence on integrating a personal or subjective element into the expression of one's views as a condition of their making sense at all. By looking at t... |
If perspectivism is understood in these terms, then much of what is going on in BGE and other texts by Nietzsche begins to look considerably less arbitrary and idiosyncratic than has been claimed. For example, his so-called 'theory of truth' which he alludes to quite often in the first two books of BGE , seems less abs... |
incomplete context. Thus every truth is a partial truth or a perspectival fiction. This 'socio-hermeneutical' reading of perspectivism points to a more commonsensical understanding of Nietzsche's claims regarding truth. It also suggests that some of the stylistic peculiarities of BGE and other texts had a methodologica... |
It should be noticed that this reading is compatible with some of the most disturbing features of Nietzsche's talk about truth. It allows us to make sense of his insistence that there are degrees of truth, which is exhibited most clearly in BGE in his reflection on how much 'truth' one can take ( ). It also makes under... |
Neither this critical message nor the material Nietzsche relies upon in order to substantiate his assessment of modernity is peculiar to BGE .In almost all his other writings, he discusses the shortcomings of philosophy, the dangers of religion, the built-in biases of science, and the damaging consequences of instituti... |
The 'will to power' makes its first public appearance in Thus Spoke Zarathustra . There it is introduced as one of the three major teachings Zarathustra has to offer, the other two being his advocacy of the overman ( Ubermensch ) and the conception of the Eternal Recurrence. It is somewhat surprising that in Zarathustr... |
It is because of the relatively superficial and vague treatment of this doctrine in his published writings that many interpretations of the meaning and function of 'will to power' rely heavily on Nietzsche's Nachlass , the voluminous collection of his unpublished notes. However, though the Nachlass indeed contains a co... |
Evenif it is conceded that Nietzsche never really elaborated his concept of the 'will to power' sufficiently, it does not appear to be one of his more attractive ideas. The reason for this is that it purports to give us insight into the essence of nature, what nature is 'in itself,' but this does not square well with h... |
this ability is able to strive for unique states of awareness: 'Without the pathos of distance ... that other more mysterious pathos could not have grown at all, that demand for new expansions of distance within the soul itself, the development of states that are increasingly high, rare, distant, tautly drawn and compr... |
Whatisitthatmakesreading BGE andotherwritingsof Nietzschesuch an attractive and stimulating experience? The main reason, I believe, has little to do with the plausibility, let alone the correctness, of his views. On the contrary, we like many of his ideas precisely because of their pointed one-sidedness, their extravag... |
, 1 = Born in Rocken, a small village in the Prussian province of Saxony, on October.. , 1 = Birth of his sister Elisabeth.. , 1 = Birth of his brother Joseph.. , 1 = 'softening of the brain.' Brother dies; family moves to Naumburg to live with father's. , 1 = mother and her sisters.. , 1 = Begins studies at Pforta, Ge... |
, Chronology = Publishes his first book, The Birth of Tragedy ; its dedicatory preface to Richard Wagner claims for art the role of 'the highest task and truly metaphysical activity of this life'; devastating reviews follow. Publishes 'David Strauss, the Confessor and the Writer,' the first of his Untimely Meditations ... |
, 1 = Publishes expanded edition of The Gay Science with a new preface, a fifth part, and an appendix of poems; publishes Hymn to Life , a musical work for chorus and orchestra; publishes On the Genealogy of Morality . Publishes The Case of Wagner , composes a collection of poems, Dionysian Dithyrambs , and four short ... |
There is a good deal of material in Nietzsche's unpublished notes that makes interesting supplementary reading for the study of BGE . It can be found in vols. VII/ and VII/ of Werke: Kritische Gesamtausgabe , ed. G. Colli and M. Montinari (de Gruyter: Berlin, ). Also very useful is vol. XIV of Samtliche Werke: Kritisch... |
(Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt: Stuttgart, ), and R. Safranski, Nietzsche. Biographie seines Denkens (Hanser Verlag: Munich, ). All of these works discuss aspects of BGE as well. Nietzsche, his themes, and his topics have been subject to some very different interpretations, depending on the philosophical tradition in which ... |
The translation follows the German text as printed in the critical edition of Nietzsche's works edited by G. Colli and M. Montinari (de Gruyter: Berlin, -). The footnotes are not meant to provide a commentary to Nietzsche's text. They are restricted to ( ) translations of phrases and terms from foreign languages, ( ) e... |
Suppose that truth is a woman - and why not? Aren't there reasons for suspecting that all philosophers, to the extent that they have been dogmatists, have not really understood women? That the grotesque seriousness of their approach towards the truth and the clumsy advances they have madesofar are unsuitable ways of pr... |
was this sort of a mask: the Vedanta doctrine in Asia, for example, or Platonism in Europe. We should not be ungrateful towards dogmatism, but it must nonetheless be said that the worst, most prolonged, and most dangerous of all errors to this day was a dogmatist's error, namely Plato's invention of pure spirit and the... |
Thewilltotruth that still seduces us into taking so many risks, this famous truthfulness that all philosophers so far have talked about with veneration: what questions this will to truth has already laid before us! What strange, terrible, questionable questions! That is already a long story - and yet it seems to have h... |
such things are fools - at best. Things of the highest value must have another, separate origin of their own , - they cannot be derived from this ephemeral, seductive, deceptive, lowly world, from this mad chaos of confusion and desire. Look instead to the lap of being, the everlasting, the hidden God, the 'thing-in-it... |
Cf. Human, All too Human ,I, . Everything is to be doubted. On the prejudices of philosophers must still be attributed to instinctive activity, and this is even the case for philosophical thought. This issue needs re-examination in the same way that heredity and 'innate characteristics' have been re-examined. Just as t... |
they are - how often and easily they err and stray, in short, their childish childlikeness - but rather that there is not enough genuine honesty about them: even though they all make a huge, virtuous racket as soon as the problem of truthfulness is even remotely touched upon. They all act as if they had discovered and ... |
I have gradually come to realize what every great philosophy so far has been: a confession of faith on the part of its author, and a type of involuntary and unself-conscious memoir; in short, that the moral (or immoral) intentions in every philosophy constitute the true living seed from which the whole plant has always... |
How malicious philosophers can be! I do not know anything more venomous than the joke Epicurus allowed himself against Plato and the Platonists: he called them Dionysiokolakes. Literally, the foreground meaning of this term is 'sycophants of Dionysus' and therefore accessories of the tyrant and brown-nosers; but it als... |
So you want to live 'according to nature?' Oh, you noble Stoics, what a fraud is in this phrase! Imagine something like nature, profligate without measure, indifferent without measure, without purpose and regard, without mercy and justice, fertile and barren and uncertain at the same time, think of indifference itself ... |
tyrannized as well: because isn't the Stoic a piece of nature? ... But this is an old, eternal story: what happened back then with the Stoics still happens today, just as soon as a philosophy begins believing in itself. It always creates the world in its own image, it cannot do otherwise; philosophy is this tyrannical ... |
All over Europe these days, the problem 'of the real and the apparent world' gets taken up so eagerly and with such acuity-Iwould even say: shrewdness - that you really start to think and listen; and anyone who hears only a 'will to truth' in the background here certainly does not have the sharpest of ears. In rare and... |
howso-called positivism puts itself on the market these days, a disgust felt by the more discriminating taste at the fun-fair colors and flimsy scraps of all these reality-philosophasters who have nothing new and genuine about them except these colors. Here, I think, we should give these skeptical anti-realists and epi... |
It seems to me that people everywhere these days are at pains to divert attention away from the real influence Kant exerted over German philosophy, and, in particular, wisely to overlook the value he attributed to himself. First and foremost, Kant was proud of his table of categories, and he said with this table in his... |
very remote from Realpolitik . - The honeymoon of German philosophy had arrived; all the young theologians of the Tubingen seminary ran off into the bushes - they were all looking for 'faculties.' And what didn't they find - in that innocent, abundant, still youthful age of the German spirit, when Romanticism, that mal... |
But answers like this belong in comedy, and the time has finally come to replace the Kantian question 'How are synthetic judgments a priori possible?' with another question, 'Why is the belief in such judgments necessary ?' - to realize, in other words, that such judgments must be believed true for the purpose of prese... |
As far as materialistic atomism goes: this is one of the most well-refuted things in existence. In Europe these days, nobody in the scholarly community is likely to be so unscholarly as to attach any real significance to it, except as a handy household tool (that is, as an abbreviated figure of speech). For this, we ca... |
old psychologists might have found things easier and more enjoyable -: but, in the end, the new psychologist knows by this very token that he is condemned to invention - and, who knows? perhaps to discovery . - |
Physiologists should think twice before positioning the drive for selfpreservation as the cardinal drive of an organic being. Above all, a living thing wants to discharge its strength - life itself is will to power -: selfpreservation is only one of the indirect and most frequent consequences of this. - In short, here ... |
Now it is beginning to dawn on maybe five or six brains that physics too is only an interpretation and arrangement of the world (according to ourselves! if I may say so) and not an explanation of the world. But to the extent that physics rests on belief in the senses, it passes for more, and will continue to pass for m... |
and interpreting the world in the manner of Plato, different from the enjoyment offered by today's physicists, or by the Darwinians and antiteleologists who work in physiology, with their principle of the 'smallest possible force' and greatest possible stupidity. 'Where man has nothing more to see and grasp, he has not... |
'I think,' I get a whole set of bold claims that are difficult, perhaps impossible, to establish, - for instance, that I am the one who is thinking, that there must be something that is thinking in the first place, that thinking is an activity and the effect of a being who is considered the cause, that there is an 'I,'... |
As far as the superstitions of the logicians are concerned: I will not stop emphasizing a tiny little fact that these superstitious men are loath to admit: that a thought comes when 'it' wants, and not when 'I' want. It is, therefore, a falsification of the facts to say that the subject 'I' is the condition of the pred... |
That a theory is refutable is, frankly, not the least of its charms: this is precisely how it attracts the more refined intellects. The theory of 'free will,' which has been refuted a hundred times, appears to owe its endurance to this charm alone -: somebody will always come along and feel strong enough to refute it. ... |
thinking; rather, it is fundamentally an affect : and specifically the affect of the command. What is called 'freedom of the will' is essentially the affect of superiority with respect to something that must obey: 'I am free, 'it' must obey' - this consciousness lies in every will, along with a certain straining of att... |
the useful 'under-wills' or under-souls - our body is, after all, only a society constructed out of many souls -. L'effet c'est moi : what happens here is what happens in every well-constructed and The effect is I. Beyond Good and Evil happy community: the ruling class identifies itself with the successes of the commun... |
That individual philosophical concepts are not arbitrary and do not grow up on their own, but rather grow in reference and relation to each other; that however suddenly and randomly they seem to emerge in the history of thought, they still belong to a system just as much as all the members of the fauna of a continent d... |
The causa sui is the best self-contradiction that has ever been conceived, a type of logical rape and abomination. But humanity's excessive pride has got itself profoundly and horribly entangled with precisely this piece of nonsense. The longing for 'freedom of the will' in the superlative metaphysical sense (which, un... |
necessity.' It is Cause of itself. Beyond Good and Evil very telling to feel this way - the person tells on himself. And in general, if I have observed correctly, 'un-freedom of the will' is regarded as a problem by two completely opposed parties, but always in a profoundly personal manner. The one party would never dr... |
You must forgive an old philologist like me who cannot help maliciously putting his finger on bad tricks of interpretation: but this 'conformity of nature to law,' which you physicists are so proud of, just as if - - exists only because of your interpretation and bad 'philology.' It is not a matter of fact, not a 'text... |
interpreter might nevertheless end up claiming the same thing about this world as you, namely that it follows a 'necessary' and 'calculable' course, although not because laws are dominant in it, but rather because laws are totally absent , and every power draws its final consequences at every moment. Granted, this is o... |
All psychology so far has been stuck in moral prejudices and fears: it has not ventured into the depths. To grasp psychology as morphology and the doctrine of the development of the will to power , which is what I have done - nobody has ever come close to this, not even in thought: this, of course, to the extent that w... |
profound world of insight: and the psychologist who 'makes sacrifices' (they are not the sacrifizio dell'intelletto - to the contrary!) can at least demand in return that psychology again be recognized as queen of the sciences, and that the rest of the sciences exist to serve and prepare for it. Because, from now on, p... |
Osancta simplicitas ! Whatastrangesimplification and falsification people live in! The wonders never cease, for those who devote their eyes to such wondering. How we have made everything around us so bright and easy and free and simple! How we have given our senses a carte blanche for everything superficial, given our ... |
After such a joyful entrance, there is a serious word that I want heard; it is intended for those who are most serious. Stand tall, you philosophers and friends of knowledge, and beware of martyrdom! Of suffering 'for the sake of truth'! Even of defending yourselves! You will ruin the innocence and fine objectivity of ... |
vengeance and mixing their poisons ( just try digging up the foundation of Spinoza's ethics and theology!). Not to mention the absurd spectacle of moral indignation, which is an unmistakable sign that a philosopher has lost his philosophical sense of humor. The philosopher's martyrdom, his 'self-sacrifice for the truth... |
Every choice human being strives instinctively for a citadel and secrecy where he is rescued from the crowds, the many, the vast majority; where, as the exception, he can forget the human norm. The only exception is when he is driven straight towards this norm by an even stronger instinct, in search of knowledge in the... |
an urge to talk about themselves and their peers in front of witnesses :-sometimes they even wallow in books as if in their own filth. Cynicism is the only form in which base souls touch upon that thing which is genuine honesty. And the higher man needs to open his ears to all cynicism, crude or refined, and congratula... |
It is hard to be understood, particularly when you think and live gangasrotogati amongpeople who think and live differently, namely kurmagati or at best 'walking like frogs,' mandeikagati (am I doing everything I can to be hard to understand myself?), and you should give heartfelt thanks for Sanskrit for 'as the curren... |
The hardest thing to translate from one language into another is the tempo of its style, which is grounded in the character of the race, or - to be more physiological - in the average tempo of its 'metabolism.' There are well-meaning interpretations that are practically falsifications; they involuntarily debase the ori... |
a malicious, artistic sense for the contrast he is risking: thoughts that are long, hard, tough, and dangerous, and a galloping tempo and the very best and most mischievous mood. Who, finally, would dare to translate Petronius into German, a man who, more than any great musician so far, wasthemasterofthe presto in inve... |
no affinity for them and were not predestined for them. The distinction between the exoteric and the esoteric, once made by philosophers, was found among the Indians as well as among Greeks, Persians, and Muslims. Basically, it was found everywhere that people believed in an order of rank and not in equality and equal ... |
In German: dass er entartete . |
taste for the unconditional, gets cruelly and foolishly abused until people learn to put some art into their feelings, and prefer the risk they run with artifice, just like real artists of life do. It seems as if the wrath and reverence that characterize youth will not rest easy until they have falsified people and thi... |
Duringthelongestepochofhumanhistory(whichiscalledtheprehistoric age) an action's value or lack of value was derived from its consequences; the action itself was taken as little into account as its origin. Instead, the situation was something like that of present-day China, where the honor or dishonor of a child reflect... |
new superstition, a distinctive narrowness of interpretation gained dominance. The origin of the action was interpreted in the most determinate sense possible, as origin out of an intention . People were united in the belief that the value of an action was exhausted by the value of its intention. Intention as the entir... |
There is nothing else to be done: the feelings of utter devotion, of sacrifice for your neighbor, and the entire morality of self-abnegation have to be mercilessly taken to court and made to account for themselves. And the same holds for the aesthetic of 'disinterested contemplation,' the seductive guise under which th... |
It does not matter what philosophical standpoint you might take these days: any way you look at it, the erroneousness of the world we think we live in is the most certain and solid fact that our eyes can still grab hold of. We find reason after reason for it, reasons that might lure us into speculations about a decepti... |
least a couple of nudges for the blind rage of philosophers as they struggle not to be betrayed. Why not ? It is no more than a moral prejudice that the truth is worth more than appearance; in fact, it is the world's most poorly proven assumption. Let us admit this much: that life could not exist except on the basis of... |
(in the sense of Berkeley and Schopenhauer); I mean it might allow us to understand the mechanistic world as belonging to the same plane of reality as our affects themselves -, as a primitive form of the world of affect, where everything is contained in a powerful unity before branching off and organizing itself in the... |
power' and nothing else. - 'What? Doesn't that mean, to use a popular idiom: God is refuted but the devil is not - ?' On the contrary! On the contrary, my friends! And who the devil is forcing you to use popular idioms! - |
This is what has finally happened, in the bright light of more recent times, to the French Revolution, that gruesome and (on close consideration) pointless farce: noble and enthusiastic spectators across Europe have, from a distance, interpreted their own indignations and enthusiasms into it, and for so long and with s... |
Beyond Good and Evil is provided by Stendhal; and for the sake of the German taste, I will not overlook the chance to underscore this character - since it goes against the Germantaste. ' Pour etre bon philosophe ,' says this last, great psychologist, ' il faut etre sec, clair, sans illusion. Un banquier, qui a fait for... |
'To be a good philosopher you have to be dry, clear, and without illusions. A banker who has made a fortune has to a certain degree the right sort of character for making philosophical discoveries, i.e. for seeing clearly into what is.' From Stendhal's Correspondance in edite ( Unedited Correspondence )( ). |
Every profound spirit needs a mask: what's more, a mask is constantly growing around every profound spirit, thanks to the consistently false (which is to say shallow ) interpretation of every word, every step, every sign of life he displays. - Wehaveto test ourselves to see whether we are destined for independence and ... |
Are they new friends of 'truth,' these upcoming philosophers? Probably, since all philosophers so far have loved their truths. But they certainly will not be dogmatists. It would offend their pride, as well as their taste, if their truth were a truth for everyone (which has been the secret wish and hidden meaning of al... |
After all this, do I really need to add that they will be free, very free spirits, these philosophers of the future - and that they certainly will not just be free spirits, but rather something more, higher, greater, and fundamentally different, something that does not want to be misunderstood or mistaken for anything ... |
tendency to think that all human misery and wrongdoing is caused by traditional social structures: which lands truth happily on its head! What they want to strive for with all their might is the universal, green pasture happiness of the herd, with security, safety, contentment, and an easier life for all. Their two mos... |
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