paper_id stringlengths 2 9 | section_index int64 0 331 | file_index stringlengths 1 2 | file_offset int64 8.37k 6.95B | mag_field_of_study list | original_text stringlengths 95 4.82k | section_title stringlengths 6 27 | samples list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
136402453 | 15 | 42 | 1,669,232,095 | [
"Materials Science"
] | The adsorption kinetics study was performed by monitoring the film's absorption at 464 nm in each step of the deposition. The amount of adsorbed material on the glass substrate was estimated by using Beer's law. The mechanism of adsorption for the PAni chains at lower pHs (under pH 4, doped PAni) is usually driven by e... | Results and discussion | [
{
"text": "The adsorption kinetics study was performed by monitoring the film's absorption at 464 nm in each step of the deposition.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The adsorption kinetics study was performed by monitoring the film's absorption at 464 nm in each step of the deposition."... |
136402453 | 14 | 42 | 1,669,232,095 | [
"Materials Science"
] | The spectra of PAni in the DMAc/H 2 O (1:5) solution at different states of oxidation (or pHs) are shown in Fig. 1 . Two absorption bands can be observed for pH 5.0 (320 and 600 nm), which are characteristic of PAni emeraldine base form [24] . For pH 2.5, the shoulder at 400 nm and the free carrier tail above 600 nm, r... | Results and discussion | [
{
"text": "The spectra of PAni in the DMAc/H 2 O (1:5) solution at different states of oxidation (or pHs) are shown in Fig. 1 .",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The spectra of PAni in the DMAc/H 2 O (1:5) solution at different states of oxidation (or pHs) are shown in Fig. 1 .",
"ref... |
136402453 | 21 | 42 | 1,669,232,095 | [
"Materials Science"
] | The morphology of the natural rubber was investigated by using FEG-SEM microscopy. For that, highly diluted NR latex at pH 7.0 was cast on a silicon substrate, dried at room temperature and coated with a thin layer of gold. As shown in Fig. 4(a) , we clearly see a spherical shape of NR with various diameter sizes. This... | Results and discussion | [
{
"text": "The morphology of the natural rubber was investigated by using FEG-SEM microscopy.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The morphology of the natural rubber was investigated by using FEG-SEM microscopy.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"text": "For tha... |
151196030 | 68 | 63 | 5,905,022,821 | [
"Psychology"
] | On the one hand, IHFs, i.e., McDonald's and Burger King, appeared to be highly focused on customer service (in terms of order, efficiency, and speed), human resources management (considered essential for attaining the envisaged customer service standards), and processing management (food preparation) as per Ford-Taylor... | Discussion | [
{
"text": "On the one hand, IHFs, i.e., McDonald's and Burger King, appeared to be highly focused on customer service (in terms of order, efficiency, and speed), human resources management (considered essential for attaining the envisaged customer service standards), and processing management (food preparation)... |
49291663 | 3 | 49 | 1,768,890,788 | [
"Engineering"
] | SMEs play an important role in most countries' economies. However, when compared to large enterprises, SMEs have a more simple structure, fewer specialized tasks, and fewer resources than those of human, financial and material (Feller et al., 2011) . Regarding IT, they do not normally have an IT department; they lack p... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "SMEs play an important role in most countries' economies.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "SMEs play an important role in most countries' economies.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"text": "However, when compared to large enterprises, SMEs have a ... |
49291663 | 1 | 49 | 1,768,890,788 | [
"Engineering"
] | Scholars have been trying to explain the strategic value of IT capabilities for a long time (Fink, 2011) . There is ample evidence of the ways in which IT has been applied in the achievement of enterprises' productivity and in helping them become more competitive globally. This enables them to put their human and econo... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "Scholars have been trying to explain the strategic value of IT capabilities for a long time.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "Scholars have been trying to explain the strategic value of IT capabilities for a long time (Fink, 2011) .",
"ref_ids": [
[
"BIBREF13"
... |
19194246 | 13 | 62 | 1,919,431,733 | [
"Physics"
] | We now proceed to validate the DW emission from dark TCSs in microresonators by using the second method. The dissipation parameter is F 2 = 6.5, and the dispersion values are β 2 = 0.0125, β 3 = 0.06β 2 to further boost the DW emission efficiency. The ZDP is z = −16.67. Considering the strong mode interaction when ther... | Results and Discussion | [
{
"text": "We now proceed to validate the DW emission from dark TCSs in microresonators by using the second method.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "We now proceed to validate the DW emission from dark TCSs in microresonators by using the second method.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citati... |
97496446 | 6 | 35 | 5,970,626,358 | [
"Chemistry"
] | Crystalline systems can be characterized by their melting points (T m ), but amorphous materials do not possess this characteristic temperature parameter. They can rather be defined by the glass-transition temperature (T g ), below which amorphous materials are brittle and above which they are in a liquid or rubbery st... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Crystalline systems can be characterized by their melting points (T m ), but amorphous materials do not possess this characteristic temperature parameter.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Crystalline systems can be characterized by their melting points (T m ), but amorphous ma... |
55456651 | 1 | 51 | 3,302,613,535 | [
"Materials Science"
] | Distance protection relays have been widely applied as the primary protection in high voltage transmission lines due to their simple operating principle and capability to work independently under most circumstances [3] . The basic operation principle of distance relay is based on the fact that the line impedance is fai... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Distance protection relays have been widely applied as the primary protection in high voltage transmission lines due to their simple operating principle and capability to work independently under most circumstances.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "Distance protection relays have ... |
55456651 | 2 | 51 | 3,302,613,535 | [
"Materials Science"
] | There are two generations for realization of power electronics based FACTS controllers: the first generation employs conventional thyristors switched capacitors and reactors, and quadrature tap-changing transformers while the second generation employs gate turnoff (GTO) thyristors switched converters as a voltage sourc... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "There are two generations for realization of power electronics based FACTS controllers: the first generation employs conventional thyristors switched capacitors and reactors, and quadrature tap-changing transformers while the second generation employs gate turnoff (GTO) thyristors switched converters... |
147737777 | 25 | 52 | 5,737,043,122 | [
"Psychology"
] | The data were screened for the assumption of normality. While violation of normality was seen for self-efficacy, healthcare professionals, and chance subscales, as sample sizes were robust (>30) and participants were randomly allocated to equal number of groups, departure from normality was tolerated (Hills, 2005) . Sc... | Results | [
{
"text": "The data were screened for the assumption of normality.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The data were screened for the assumption of normality.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"text": "While violation of normality was seen for self-efficacy, heal... |
147737777 | 27 | 52 | 5,737,043,122 | [
"Psychology"
] | A power analysis using the G*Power software indicated that a large effect size (d > .50) would require at least an n of approximately 34 participants to obtain statistical power at the recommended .80 level for multivariate analysis (Faul, Erdfelder, Lang, & Buchner, 2007) . Post hoc analysis revealed the statistical p... | Results | [
{
"text": "A power analysis using the G*Power software indicated that a large effect size (d > .50) would require at least an n of approximately 34 participants to obtain statistical power at the recommended .80 level for multivariate analysis.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "A power analys... |
101094052 | 15 | 99 | 4,438,449,574 | [
"Chemistry"
] | CaOx stones are found in two different varieties, CaOx monohydrate (COM) or Whewellite, and COD or weddellite. COM, the thermodynamically most stable form, is observed more frequently in clinical stones than COD, and it has a greater affinity for renal tubular cells, thus responsible for the formation of stones in the ... | RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | [
{
"text": "CaOx stones are found in two different varieties, CaOx monohydrate (COM) or Whewellite, and COD or weddellite.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "CaOx stones are found in two different varieties, CaOx monohydrate (COM) or Whewellite, and COD or weddellite.",
"ref_ids": null,... |
111022446 | 2 | 52 | 295,344,179 | [
"Engineering"
] | The fringe patterns are nothing but the record of the phase difference between light travelling in two different optical paths as intensity variations. By varying the phase difference between the beams involved, in known steps, it is possible to generate a sufficient number of equations to solve the parameters involved... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "The fringe patterns are nothing but the record of the phase difference between light travelling in two different optical paths as intensity variations.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The fringe patterns are nothing but the record of the phase difference between light travell... |
36962569 | 16 | 55 | 3,343,962,075 | [
"Chemistry"
] | All formulations showed a negative zeta potential value and no significant statistical differences were observed among formulations (Table I) . Negative zeta potential values are due to free carboxyl end groups of PLGA exposed on NP surface. Compared to blank NPs, the presence of LTZ into NPs did not influence the zeta... | RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | [
{
"text": "All formulations showed a negative zeta potential value and no significant statistical differences were observed among formulations (Table I) .",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "All formulations showed a negative zeta potential value and no significant statistical differences w... |
36962569 | 14 | 55 | 3,343,962,075 | [
"Chemistry"
] | NPs formation by emulsion-solvent evaporation is due to the partitioning of the organic solvent from the emulsion droplet into the continuous phase, followed by the evaporation of the organic solvent and simultaneous inward diffusion of the solvent into the droplet (Birnbaum et al., 2000) . The polymer concentration an... | RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | [
{
"text": "NPs formation by emulsion-solvent evaporation is due to the partitioning of the organic solvent from the emulsion droplet into the continuous phase, followed by the evaporation of the organic solvent and simultaneous inward diffusion of the solvent into the droplet.",
"label": "check-worthy",
... |
62803716 | 2 | 72 | 5,674,866,048 | [
"Mathematics"
] | We give some examples of regular b-functions for A-hypergeometric systems of Gelfand-Kapranov-Zelevinsky [8] . We prove that A-hypergeometric systems are regular specializable along the origin without assuming the homogeneity (Theorem 1). In particular, this implies (2) with D/I being the Ahypergeometric system and Y =... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "We give some examples of regular b-functions for A-hypergeometric systems of Gelfand-Kapranov-Zelevinsky.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "We give some examples of regular b-functions for A-hypergeometric systems of Gelfand-Kapranov-Zelevinsky [8] .",
"ref_ids": [
[
... |
109726334 | 1 | 88 | 2,199,442,080 | [
"Engineering"
] | Even though they display interesting mechanical properties, thermosetting polymer matrices also present undeniable drawbacks: low-temperature storage, very long curing process, and hand-made draping, which cause most of the irreversible defects during the manufacturing process. Thereby, high performance thermoplastic r... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Even though they display interesting mechanical properties, thermosetting polymer matrices also present undeniable drawbacks: low-temperature storage, very long curing process, and hand-made draping, which cause most of the irreversible defects during the manufacturing process.",
"label": "non-ch... |
11681788 | 2 | 0 | 1,313,674,048 | [
"Mathematics"
] | A considerable amount of interest has been given on optimizing the Yagi-Uda antenna since it was introduced in 1920s [1] . Because of the parasitic elements of this antenna, accurate modeling using closed form expressions is difficult. With the advent of computers, numerical methods are being used for the solution. In ... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "A considerable amount of interest has been given on optimizing the Yagi-Uda antenna since it was introduced in 1920s.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "A considerable amount of interest has been given on optimizing the Yagi-Uda antenna since it was introduced in 1920s [1] .",
"... |
119295834 | 5 | 40 | 5,270,609,089 | [
"Mathematics"
] | With this paper, we aim to close this gap of understanding. Contrary to approximation theoretical results, we focus not on the expressive capacity of the class of neural networks but on its structure. The precise mathematical results will be explained in the next subsections. On a conceptual level, our results have two... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "With this paper, we aim to close this gap of understanding.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "With this paper, we aim to close this gap of understanding.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"text": "Contrary to approximation theoretical results, we foc... |
103247590 | 14 | 85 | 5,342,720,183 | [
"Chemistry"
] | Having assessed the intrinsic work function of monolayer VSe 2 film, we further investigated the LWF at the edge of the VSe 2 sheet by using the STM-based local probe technique. A linear mapping of LWF close to the edge of the VSe 2 sheet was measured along the black arrow as shown in Fig. 4c . Sixty-four points were m... | Results and discussion | [
{
"text": "Having assessed the intrinsic work function of monolayer VSe 2 film, we further investigated the LWF at the edge of the VSe 2 sheet by using the STM-based local probe technique.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Having assessed the intrinsic work function of monolayer VSe 2 fil... |
103247590 | 12 | 85 | 5,342,720,183 | [
"Chemistry"
] | Combined STS measurements and theoretical calculations are often used to investigate the magnetism of 2D materials in past years. For example, it is found practicable to detect the magnetism in hydrogen-adsorbed graphene and graphene nanoribbons [38, 39] . Specifically, combined with ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) and cryogeni... | Results and discussion | [
{
"text": "Combined STS measurements and theoretical calculations are often used to investigate the magnetism of 2D materials in past years.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Combined STS measurements and theoretical calculations are often used to investigate the magnetism of 2D materials... |
100574891 | 6 | 86 | 4,632,947,406 | [
"Materials Science"
] | The photoreduction of nanocomposite film was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy (Fig. 1) . The formation of reduced Wells-Dawson in the composite film was confirmed by observation of deep blue color (Fig. 1) . In UV-visible spectra (Fig. 1) , the reduced Wells-Dawson acid showed absorption peaks at about 300 and 690 ... | Results and discussion | [
{
"text": "The photoreduction of nanocomposite film was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy (Fig. 1) .",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The photoreduction of nanocomposite film was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy (Fig. 1) .",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
... |
31561509 | 0 | 28 | 6,339,230,025 | [
"Medicine"
] | In 2008, an estimated 482, 000 cases of esophageal carcinoma (EC) were diagnosed in the world and approximately 407, 000 people died of the disease (Jemal et al., 2008) . EC retains its status of top 4th leading cause of cancer deaths and the fifth most common diagnosed cancer in China in 2009 (Chen et al., 2013) . The... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "In 2008, an estimated 482, 000 cases of esophageal carcinoma (EC) were diagnosed in the world and approximately 407, 000 people died of the disease.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "In 2008, an estimated 482, 000 cases of esophageal carcinoma (EC) were diagnosed in the world and a... |
36877358 | 0 | 42 | 1,284,833,797 | [
"Materials Science"
] | Through the use of direct digital manufacturing (DDM), more commonly known as additive manufacturing (AM), various thermoplastics can be used as the basis for creating models and to be printed for a vast amount of applications that could potentially be beneficial with respect to the design and manufacturing of mechanic... | Background | [
{
"text": "Through the use of direct digital manufacturing (DDM), more commonly known as additive manufacturing (AM), various thermoplastics can be used as the basis for creating models and to be printed for a vast amount of applications that could potentially be beneficial with respect to the design and manufa... |
40574150 | 3 | 40 | 554,146,866 | [
"Biology"
] | On the other hand, the shift to continuous-cover silviculture favored beech to a great extent, and put the admixed species at a disadvantage. To solve this problem, an appropriate control of the canopy density of the shelterwood is needed, in order to provide enough light for the more light demanding species in mixture... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "On the other hand, the shift to continuous-cover silviculture favored beech to a great extent, and put the admixed species at a disadvantage.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "On the other hand, the shift to continuous-cover silviculture favored beech to a great extent, and put... |
37152076 | 1 | 60 | 4,866,233,215 | [
"Physics"
] | Because thermal infrared (IR) radiation from the natural environment is not CP, there are applications where it is desirable to produce broadband CP radiation. This could find utility in imaging polarimetry, allowing for selection of objects based upon their emitted state of polarization [22] [23] [24] . In particular,... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Because thermal infrared (IR) radiation from the natural environment is not CP, there are applications where it is desirable to produce broadband CP radiation.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Because thermal infrared (IR) radiation from the natural environment is not CP, ther... |
34238202 | 1 | 84 | 3,432,091,731 | [
"Mathematics"
] | Recently, the macrobending loss properties of SMF28 (bend radius ranges from 8.5 to 12 mm) were investigated theoretically and experimentally and optimized as an edge filter for wavelength measurements [14, 15] . However, a bending fiber with a smaller bend radius, e.g., substantially less than 10 mm, is useful for sen... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "Recently, the macrobending loss properties of SMF28 (bend radius ranges from 8.5 to 12 mm) were investigated theoretically and experimentally and optimized as an edge filter for wavelength measurements.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "Recently, the macrobending loss properties of... |
15333263 | 0 | 23 | 2,559,993,436 | [
"Biology"
] | Global environmental change is creating wide-ranging impacts on biodiversity and people. While the details are highly uncertainty, transformational change seems increasingly likely. Yet much conservation practice remains static, seeking to maintain ecosystems and species in a pre-disturbance condition by focusing on co... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Global environmental change is creating wide-ranging impacts on biodiversity and people.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Global environmental change is creating wide-ranging impacts on biodiversity and people.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"tex... |
7033080 | 1 | 98 | 4,156,894,276 | [
"Computer Science"
] | Early works on integration were carried out in the context of database design, and focused on the so-called schema integration problem, i.e. designing a global, unified schema for a database application starting from several sub schemata, each one produced independently from the others [2] . More recent efforts have be... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Early works on integration were carried out in the context of database design, and focused on the so-called schema integration problem, i.e. designing a global, unified schema for a database application starting from several sub schemata, each one produced independently from the others.",
"label"... |
889438 | 10 | 17 | 5,555,735,090 | [
"Mathematics"
] | Rigidity of higher rank groups and their actions is typically connected with an analysis of the action of a maximal abelian subgroup A of the original group. As a first step in the proof we show that there always exists a Hölder Riemannian metric on the manifold with respect to which A has uniform expansion and contrac... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Rigidity of higher rank groups and their actions is typically connected with an analysis of the action of a maximal abelian subgroup A of the original group.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Rigidity of higher rank groups and their actions is typically connected with an analys... |
143064527 | 1 | 19 | 5,380,896,373 | [
"Psychology"
] | In the medical fi eld, the usefulness of coordination training has been reported in several studies in two limited areas: the prevention of falls and rehabilitation (Oster, et al.,1997; Franssen, et al., 1999; Rebel, 2000; Yokohata, 2002; Cauraugh, 2004; Kakebeeke, Roy & Largo, 2006) . Most of these medical-related stu... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "In the medical fi eld, the usefulness of coordination training has been reported in several studies in two limited areas: the prevention of falls and rehabilitation.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "In the medical fi eld, the usefulness of coordination training has been reported i... |
39744396 | 4 | 18 | 3,542,510,963 | [
"Psychology"
] | Our analyses confirm that a reputational mechanism based on generosity is unlikely to lead to cooperation in larger groups because such mechanisms are sensitive to memory constrains, to errors in reputation assessment, and even to low frequencies of defection. Adding reward to cooperators allowed for the emergence of c... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Our analyses confirm that a reputational mechanism based on generosity is unlikely to lead to cooperation in larger groups because such mechanisms are sensitive to memory constrains, to errors in reputation assessment, and even to low frequencies of defection.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"... |
39744396 | 21 | 18 | 3,542,510,963 | [
"Psychology"
] | A further conservative assumption of our model (with respect to the emergence of cooperation) is that punishment could not be conditional to the number of punishers in the group (Boyd, Gintis, & Bowles, 2010) . However, because only one or a few individuals need to punish defectors in order to maintain high levels of c... | Discussion | [
{
"text": "A further conservative assumption of our model (with respect to the emergence of cooperation) is that punishment could not be conditional to the number of punishers in the group.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "A further conservative assumption of our model (with respect to the e... |
30463052 | 1 | 82 | 2,177,420,762 | [
"Mathematics"
] | Letting Γ := {u ∈ C 1 (Ω) : u = φ on ∂Ω} and Γ 0 := {h ∈ C 1 (Ω) : h = 0 on ∂Ω} , it is easy to show that the functional S is strictly convex on Γ; thus seeking the unique minimizer of S on Γ is equivalent to solving the variational equality δS(u; h) = 0 for all h ∈ Γ 0 , where δS(u; h) is the Gateaux variation of S at... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Letting Γ := {u ∈ C 1 (Ω) : u = φ on ∂Ω} and Γ 0 := {h ∈ C 1 (Ω) : h = 0 on ∂Ω} , it is easy to show that the functional S is strictly convex on Γ; thus seeking the unique minimizer of S on Γ is equivalent to solving the variational equality δS(u; h) = 0 for all h ∈ Γ 0 , where δS(u; h) is the Gateau... |
30463052 | 8 | 82 | 2,177,420,762 | [
"Mathematics"
] | Existence and uniqueness of solutions of various classes of optimization problems in nonreflexive Banach spaces have been studied in the literature. However, questions of stability with respect to the input data have not been satisfactorily addressed, partly due to the difficulty in the situation described above. To ov... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Existence and uniqueness of solutions of various classes of optimization problems in nonreflexive Banach spaces have been studied in the literature.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Existence and uniqueness of solutions of various classes of optimization problems in nonreflexi... |
15693843 | 0 | 9 | 297,107,694 | [
"Economics"
] | There is a growing body of evidence regarding the favorable effects of investing early in the lives of disadvantaged children through such programs as home visiting and early childhood education. Such programs have demonstrated shortand longer-term benefits for both participating children and their families through rig... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "There is a growing body of evidence regarding the favorable effects of investing early in the lives of disadvantaged children through such programs as home visiting and early childhood education.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "There is a growing body of evidence regarding th... |
56003032 | 7 | 81 | 1,172,435,936 | [
"Physics"
] | There are environments to manage morphosyntactics only, for instance XTAG develops fairly good English grammar [15] . It is based on a lexicalization model named Tree Adjoining Grammar (TAG) that generates a grammatical tree to solve the syntax processing. It includes a parser, an X-windows interface and a morphology a... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "There are environments to manage morphosyntactics only, for instance XTAG develops fairly good English grammar.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "There are environments to manage morphosyntactics only, for instance XTAG develops fairly good English grammar [15] .",
"ref_ids": [... |
29042221 | 25 | 54 | 4,398,035,405 | [
"Psychology"
] | Interaction terms enabled us to assess whether the impact of the Making Choices program differed by gender, minority status, or level of performance on the pretest. The pretest-by-intervention interaction term is especially important because it helps to determine whether higher risk children (i.e., those rated as havin... | Analysis | [
{
"text": "Interaction terms enabled us to assess whether the impact of the Making Choices program differed by gender, minority status, or level of performance on the pretest.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Interaction terms enabled us to assess whether the impact of the Making Choices... |
29042221 | 26 | 54 | 4,398,035,405 | [
"Psychology"
] | After significant covariates and interaction effects were examined in the stepwise regression models, estimated marginal means, adjusted for the effects of significant covariates, were generated by the General Linear Modeling procedure in SPSS version 11.0. Adjusted means were used to calculate program effects sizes. S... | Analysis | [
{
"text": "After significant covariates and interaction effects were examined in the stepwise regression models, estimated marginal means, adjusted for the effects of significant covariates, were generated by the General Linear Modeling procedure in SPSS version 11.0.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"ori... |
29042221 | 39 | 54 | 4,398,035,405 | [
"Psychology"
] | Analyses indicated that the Making Choices program was effective in enhancing social contact, cognitive concentration, and peer acceptance, and in decreasing overt aggression. Important moderation effects surfaced, indicating that the program was particularly effective for high risk children. Studies suggest that the i... | CONCLUSIONS | [
{
"text": "Analyses indicated that the Making Choices program was effective in enhancing social contact, cognitive concentration, and peer acceptance, and in decreasing overt aggression.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Analyses indicated that the Making Choices program was effective in ... |
29042221 | 33 | 54 | 4,398,035,405 | [
"Psychology"
] | These findings are consistent with previous work by the authors and by others. In our previous study with high risk youth (N = 103) and the intervention package consisting of Making Choices and Strong Families, the combined programs demonstrated significant effects on social contact, social competence, and cognitive co... | DISCUSSION | [
{
"text": "These findings are consistent with previous work by the authors and by others.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "These findings are consistent with previous work by the authors and by others.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"text": "In our previous... |
119306637 | 1 | 23 | 5,452,631,608 | [
"Mathematics"
] | The combinatorics involved in plethysm is rather intricate. In fact, a combinatorial construction of plethystic substitution was not given until Nava and Rota in 1985 [13] . They developed the notion of partitional, a functor from the groupoid of partitions to the category of finite sets, in analogy with Joyal's notion... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "The combinatorics involved in plethysm is rather intricate.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The combinatorics involved in plethysm is rather intricate.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"text": "In fact, a combinatorial construction of plethystic s... |
13682164 | 6 | 41 | 3,424,101,256 | [
"Computer Science"
] | The above contributions significantly refine and extend those of a previous survey of predictive process monitoring methods [28] . This latter survey provides a broad taxonomy of predictive monitoring methods in terms of the target of the prediction (e.g., compliance violation, next event, remaining cycle time), the me... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "The above contributions significantly refine and extend those of a previous survey of predictive process monitoring methods.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "The above contributions significantly refine and extend those of a previous survey of predictive process monitoring methods... |
8148419 | 2 | 40 | 4,674,286,858 | [
"Economics"
] | Many literatures have pointed out that fiscal decentralization maybe dangerous in developing and transitional countries. In line with increasing better public services, the cost of service delivery also will increase. It causes regional governments expanded their expenditures while externalizing cost to others (Rodden,... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "Many literatures have pointed out that fiscal decentralization maybe dangerous in developing and transitional countries.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Many literatures have pointed out that fiscal decentralization maybe dangerous in developing and transitional countries.",
... |
4784151 | 24 | 36 | 2,047,942,066 | [
"Medicine"
] | In this analysis, patients receiving IFN β-1a 44 μg SC tiw were more likely to achieve NEDA-T2 and CAF status at Weeks 48 and 72 than those treated with IFN β-1a 30 μg IM qw, regardless of whether they had Gd + lesions at baseline. A lower proportion of patients with baseline Gd + lesions achieved CAF status at Weeks 4... | Discussion | [
{
"text": "In this analysis, patients receiving IFN β-1a 44 μg SC tiw were more likely to achieve NEDA-T2 and CAF status at Weeks 48 and 72 than those treated with IFN β-1a 30 μg IM qw, regardless of whether they had Gd + lesions at baseline.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "In this anal... |
2166992 | 0 | 9 | 5,916,193,125 | [
"Mathematics"
] | In recent years there has been a renewed interest in using ocean renewable energy and, in particular, wave energy. To do so, many types of Wave Energy Converters (WECs) have been proposed, and some were constructed and tested. The so-called point-absorbers are a class of WECs that harvest the wave-induced motion of osc... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "In recent years there has been a renewed interest in using ocean renewable energy and, in particular, wave energy.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "In recent years there has been a renewed interest in using ocean renewable energy and, in particular, wave energy.",
"ref_ids... |
54929580 | 5 | 95 | 238,478,575 | [
"Economics"
] | The second interesting feature is the way a combination of securities markets and insurance markets can be used to simplify the institutional structure needed for dealing with unknown individual risks. The point here is that unknown individual risks can be resolved into a collective and an individual component. The col... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "The second interesting feature is the way a combination of securities markets and insurance markets can be used to simplify the institutional structure needed for dealing with unknown individual risks.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The second interesting feature is the way ... |
20375272 | 22 | 3 | 863,019,392 | [
"Medicine"
] | A consensus on a standardized protocol for the dynamic MR imaging examination and interpretation is lacking, and there is no evidence on how to overcome this problem. In some studies the bladder, vagina, and rectum have not been opacified, or the bladder was even emptied prior to examination [24, [26] [27] [28] [30] [3... | Discussion | [
{
"text": "A consensus on a standardized protocol for the dynamic MR imaging examination and interpretation is lacking, and there is no evidence on how to overcome this problem.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "A consensus on a standardized protocol for the dynamic MR imaging examination... |
34868363 | 0 | 4 | 5,396,961,656 | [
"Mathematics"
] | Ratio analysis is a commonly used analytical tool for measuring the relative performance of a Decision Making Units (DMUs) by focusing on one input/output at a time [1] . In practical applications, the weighted average of a set of individual ratios is applied in order to produce a single measure of performance from var... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Ratio analysis is a commonly used analytical tool for measuring the relative performance of a Decision Making Units (DMUs) by focusing on one input/output at a time.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "Ratio analysis is a commonly used analytical tool for measuring the relative perfo... |
34868363 | 1 | 4 | 5,396,961,656 | [
"Mathematics"
] | DEA is a data-oriented approach for assessing the relative efficiency of Decision Making Units (DMUs) that use multiple inputs to produce multiple outputs. The standard DEA models are formulated using absolute numerical input and output data [2] . In order to use ratio data in the DEA framework, ratio-based DEA models ... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "DEA is a data-oriented approach for assessing the relative efficiency of Decision Making Units (DMUs) that use multiple inputs to produce multiple outputs.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "DEA is a data-oriented approach for assessing the relative efficiency of Decision Making... |
16585693 | 0 | 46 | 5,103,992,124 | [
"Computer Science"
] | Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and it has been proved that an early diagnosis of the disease can help strongly to enhance the expectancy of survival [1] . Understanding the nature of data and the information in mammography images is very important for developing a model that helps to diagnosis ear... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and it has been proved that an early diagnosis of the disease can help strongly to enhance the expectancy of survival.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and it has been proved ... |
158556231 | 1 | 69 | 1,435,606,453 | [
"Economics"
] | Our work is different from the above research in the following respects: First, this study estimated the GHG emissions (CO 2 equivalent) per unit of AH economic output value in China and its 31 provinces from 1997 to 2016. Second, we established a vertical linkage of change in AHGI between china and its 31 provinces fr... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Our work is different from the above research in the following respects: First, this study estimated the GHG emissions (CO 2 equivalent) per unit of AH economic output value in China and its 31 provinces from 1997 to 2016.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Our work is different... |
30652621 | 0 | 3 | 4,137,422,527 | [
"Economics"
] | Common oak (Quercus robur L.) is one of the main forest-forming species, occurring in almost the entire Europe: from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the foothills of the Ural Mountains in the east, and from the Scandinavian Peninsula in the north to the Balkan Peninsula and the Apennine Peninsula in the south [1] ... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Common oak (Quercus robur L.) is one of the main forest-forming species, occurring in almost the entire Europe: from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the foothills of the Ural Mountains in the east, and from the Scandinavian Peninsula in the north to the Balkan Peninsula and the Apennine Peninsul... |
30652621 | 38 | 3 | 4,137,422,527 | [
"Economics"
] | An analysis based on the assessment of the cross-section of an acorn is a derivative of viability analysis with the standard cutting method. The analysis takes into account that the latter is a destructive method, and therefore not suitable for the assessment of seeds intended for use in forest management [45] . The cu... | Discussion | [
{
"text": "An analysis based on the assessment of the cross-section of an acorn is a derivative of viability analysis with the standard cutting method.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "An analysis based on the assessment of the cross-section of an acorn is a derivative of viability analy... |
30652621 | 1 | 3 | 4,137,422,527 | [
"Economics"
] | The low effectiveness of acorn separation when using the classical methods has prompted a search for unconventional solutions [26] . These include optical properties, in the classical sense, such as color and intensity [19, 27] . The pre-sowing preparation of oak seeds includes scarification, i.e., cutting off 20-30% o... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "The low effectiveness of acorn separation when using the classical methods has prompted a search for unconventional solutions.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "The low effectiveness of acorn separation when using the classical methods has prompted a search for unconventional solut... |
85547083 | 2 | 79 | 4,523,801,355 | [
"Physics"
] | The signals are detected and amplified with 122 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), split equally between arrays at the top and bottom of the TPC [4] . Figure 2 shows an overview of the LUX signal and data flow. The PMT signals are shaped and amplified by Pre-and Post-Amplifiers. The individual PMT channels are summed into 1... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "The signals are detected and amplified with 122 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), split equally between arrays at the top and bottom of the TPC.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "The signals are detected and amplified with 122 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), split equally between arrays ... |
37628209 | 20 | 19 | 2,477,280,586 | [
"Economics"
] | Many studies have focused on the various effects of WFB practices on companies and workers. Yamamoto and Matsuura conducted a panel regression by using 1990s' panel data on Japanese companies to investigate the effect of WFB practices on productivity and turnover, and the results showed that in the case of large manufa... | Literature Review | [
{
"text": "Many studies have focused on the various effects of WFB practices on companies and workers.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Many studies have focused on the various effects of WFB practices on companies and workers.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
... |
37628209 | 23 | 19 | 2,477,280,586 | [
"Economics"
] | Baum and Kabst conducted a choice experiment on 130 German college and graduate students and took into account the following company attributes: work climate, security, flexible working hours availability, working schedule, training, salary, person-organization fit, promotion prospects, task attractiveness, and locatio... | Literature Review | [
{
"text": "Baum and Kabst conducted a choice experiment on 130 German college and graduate students and took into account the following company attributes: work climate, security, flexible working hours availability, working schedule, training, salary, person-organization fit, promotion prospects, task attracti... |
37628209 | 2 | 19 | 2,477,280,586 | [
"Economics"
] | In the case of South Korea, although these WFB policies are institutionally designed at the level of advanced countries, they are ineffectively implemented in practice [10] . The reason for the low implementation rate is that companies are more concerned with the additional cost (e.g., the cost of hiring replacement wo... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "In the case of South Korea, although these WFB policies are institutionally designed at the level of advanced countries, they are ineffectively implemented in practice.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "In the case of South Korea, although these WFB policies are institutionally des... |
37628209 | 21 | 19 | 2,477,280,586 | [
"Economics"
] | The studies described above mainly analyzed various WFB policies by focusing on whether companies were implementing such policies and their employees' responses. However, with this approach, it could be difficult to quantify the value of WFB policies to employees, the purpose of the present study. There may be some dis... | Literature Review | [
{
"text": "The studies described above mainly analyzed various WFB policies by focusing on whether companies were implementing such policies and their employees' responses.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The studies described above mainly analyzed various WFB policies by focusing on wh... |
11643281 | 0 | 34 | 2,781,407,818 | [
"Computer Science"
] | Approximately 3 % of the population harbors one or more cerebral aneurysms [1] . Cerebral aneurysms can lead to rupture that causes a life-threatening subarachnoid hemorrhage. The mortality rate for this pathology is reported to be approximately 50 %, while 46 % of the survivors have long-time impairments. Rupture of a... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "Approximately 3 % of the population harbors one or more cerebral aneurysms.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "Approximately 3 % of the population harbors one or more cerebral aneurysms [1] .",
"ref_ids": [
[
"BIBREF0"
]
],
"citation_text": [
"[... |
7725573 | 2 | 43 | 4,172,292,483 | [
"Chemistry"
] | Rooting of apple microshoots has been examined intensively. In apple, during rooting three distinct steps may be distinguished on the basis of hormonal requirements: dedifferentiation (0-24 h), induction (24-96 h), and differentiation (from 96 h onwards) (De Klerk et al. 1995) . To study the underlying mechanisms opera... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Rooting of apple microshoots has been examined intensively.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Rooting of apple microshoots has been examined intensively.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"text": "In apple, during rooting three distinct steps may be ... |
206989317 | 19 | 57 | 2,362,428,141 | [
"Computer Science"
] | Multiple-valued reversible circuits are a promising choice for future computing technology. Quaternary logic has the advantage that classical binary logic functions can be expressed as quaternary logic functions by grouping 2-bits together into quaternary digits. Quaternary encoded reversible realization of binary logi... | Conclusion | [
{
"text": "Multiple-valued reversible circuits are a promising choice for future computing technology.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Multiple-valued reversible circuits are a promising choice for future computing technology.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
... |
14615516 | 0 | 72 | 4,179,616,703 | [
"Medicine"
] | The phenomenon of immigration has an immense impact on the health care of population in the United States. Cases of tuberculosis (TB) among foreign-born nationals, currently living in the United States, account for more than half of the total. Recognition of this fact helps in early detection. Atypical presentation may... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "The phenomenon of immigration has an immense impact on the health care of population in the United States.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The phenomenon of immigration has an immense impact on the health care of population in the United States.",
"ref_ids": null,
"ci... |
8528245 | 0 | 17 | 5,570,127,543 | [
"Engineering"
] | The reasons for vibration monitoring on helicopters have changed throughout time. Initially, improving safety was pointed out as the main objective for vibration levels surveillance [1] . Subsequently reducing maintenance costs while maximizing availability pushed for more assertive vibration data treatment than only e... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "The reasons for vibration monitoring on helicopters have changed throughout time.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The reasons for vibration monitoring on helicopters have changed throughout time.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"text": "Initially... |
149253950 | 1 | 13 | 5,983,998,627 | [
"Psychology"
] | Japan is also promoting the employment of human resources from other countries. Based on the EPA (Economic Partnership Agreement), Japan has started to accept Indonesian, Filipino, and Vietnamese practitioners in nursing since 2008 [8] . However, there is also the Japanese language barrier, and current policies regulat... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Japan is also promoting the employment of human resources from other countries.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Japan is also promoting the employment of human resources from other countries.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"text": "Based on the ... |
64269599 | 0 | 4 | 5,159,932,627 | [
"Materials Science"
] | Electroless nickel deposition provide a good uniform coatings on any type and shape of substrate due to its redox reaction that does not requires external current density as electrodeposition. Usually, a binary nickel alloy is produced by reducing agent that provides secondary element codeposited along with nickel. Thu... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Electroless nickel deposition provide a good uniform coatings on any type and shape of substrate due to its redox reaction that does not requires external current density as electrodeposition.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Electroless nickel deposition provide a good unifor... |
55397856 | 14 | 22 | 6,329,518,417 | [
"Mathematics"
] | Outline of the construction. Our starting point is a class of knots supported on surfaces in S 3 in a configuration known as a trellis, as previously studied by Lustig-Moriah [12] . The surface Σ on which such a knot K is supported splits S 3 into two handlebodies. For appropriately chosen special cases we find that th... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Outline of the construction.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Outline of the construction.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"text": "Our starting point is a class of knots supported on surfaces in S 3 in a configuration known as a trellis, as previ... |
55397856 | 0 | 22 | 6,329,518,417 | [
"Mathematics"
] | Let F n denote the free group on n generators, where n ≥ 2. The space Hom(F n , P SL 2 (C)) of representations of F n into P SL(2, C) contains within it presentations of all hyperbolic 3-manifold groups of rank bounded by n, and so is of central interest in three-dimensional geometry and topology. On the other hand the... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Let F n denote the free group on n generators, where n ≥ 2.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Let F n denote the free group on n generators, where n ≥ 2.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"text": "The space Hom(F n , P SL 2 (C)) of representations of... |
30837491 | 2 | 59 | 3,675,444,043 | [
"Psychology"
] | The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) examines the relations between socio-cognitive beliefs and their effects on behavior (Ajzen, 1991) . According to the theory, intention and behavior are influenced by attitudes towards behavior, perceived behavioral control and subjective norm. Attitudes express the persons' positiv... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) examines the relations between socio-cognitive beliefs and their effects on behavior.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) examines the relations between socio-cognitive beliefs and their effects on behavior (Aj... |
30837491 | 7 | 59 | 3,675,444,043 | [
"Psychology"
] | Nevertheless, there is a lack of studies comparing normal weight and overweight/obese participants exploring the predictability of TPB on both exercise and healthy eating behaviors. The present paper explores the TPB constructs regarding healthy eating and exercise behavior among normal weight and overweight individual... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Nevertheless, there is a lack of studies comparing normal weight and overweight/obese participants exploring the predictability of TPB on both exercise and healthy eating behaviors.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Nevertheless, there is a lack of studies comparing normal weig... |
109131510 | 2 | 55 | 1,975,746,653 | [
"Engineering"
] | The objective of self-healing technology is to enable/assist material systems to heal after damage . It aims to reduce the level of damage and to extend or to renew the functionality and life-time of the damaged part [7] . Fisher defines the self-healing and self-repair of a material or system as: "the ability to subst... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "The objective of self-healing technology is to enable/assist material systems to heal after damage .",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The objective of self-healing technology is to enable/assist material systems to heal after damage .",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text"... |
82337647 | 0 | 95 | 2,090,762,585 | [
"Materials Science"
] | Food processing operation also uses enormous quantities of water which are consequently discharge as a polluted effluent. The waste are contain high concentration of biodegradable organic material and suspended solid. As a result it has a high BOD and extremes of pH conditions (Kroyer, 1991) . The solid waste from pine... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "Food processing operation also uses enormous quantities of water which are consequently discharge as a polluted effluent.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Food processing operation also uses enormous quantities of water which are consequently discharge as a polluted effluent."... |
82337647 | 1 | 95 | 2,090,762,585 | [
"Materials Science"
] | If these wastes discharge to the environment untreated they could cause a serious environment problem. Beside their pollution and hazard aspects in many cases, food processing waste such as pineapple waste might have a potential for recycling to get raw material or for conversion into useful product of higher value add... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "If these wastes discharge to the environment untreated they could cause a serious environment problem.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "If these wastes discharge to the environment untreated they could cause a serious environment problem.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_t... |
92985348 | 5 | 9 | 4,453,813,813 | [
"Biology"
] | Commonly, weed controls used are water management, mechanically hand weeding and chemical herbicides weeding [8] . The traditional method of weed control practice in Asia countries is hand manual weeding by hoe and hand pulling. Usually, hand weeding is conducted in two or three time during the planting season [1] . Ma... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "Commonly, weed controls used are water management, mechanically hand weeding and chemical herbicides weeding.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "Commonly, weed controls used are water management, mechanically hand weeding and chemical herbicides weeding [8] .",
"ref_ids": [
... |
92985348 | 7 | 9 | 4,453,813,813 | [
"Biology"
] | Herbicide rotation and mixture herbicide use are two major strategies to prevent development of herbicide resistance in weeds, herbicide with different mode of action when mixed together, bind to different target site in weed and prevent the probability of target site resistance in susceptible species [13] . Technologi... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "Herbicide rotation and mixture herbicide use are two major strategies to prevent development of herbicide resistance in weeds, herbicide with different mode of action when mixed together, bind to different target site in weed and prevent the probability of target site resistance in susceptible specie... |
150281874 | 0 | 57 | 915,926,113 | [
"Engineering"
] | Electric vehicles (EVs) are believed worldwide to be one of the most important development directions in the vehicle industry because of their advantages in low pollution and energy saving. Lithium-ion batteries, by virtue of their high energy and power density, are the fundamental power source of EVs [1] . Nevertheles... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Electric vehicles (EVs) are believed worldwide to be one of the most important development directions in the vehicle industry because of their advantages in low pollution and energy saving.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Electric vehicles (EVs) are believed worldwide to be o... |
18393611 | 0 | 10 | 940,267,807 | [
"Biology"
] | As a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, glutamate is involved in the regulation of a variety of neural functions. Through interacting with specific glutamate receptors, glutamate controls normal cellular activity and cellular responses to extracellular stimulation. There are two major fami... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "As a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, glutamate is involved in the regulation of a variety of neural functions.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "As a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, glutamate is involved in the r... |
55474463 | 1 | 51 | 2,956,011,581 | [
"Materials Science"
] | Excessive water may restrict reactant gases from reaching the catalyst layer; however, an insufficient amount of water may lead to membrane dehydration, excessive heat, and iconic conductivity losses [3] . Due to the complexity of the GDL three-dimensional (3D) structures and its variable hydrophobicity, water transpor... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "Excessive water may restrict reactant gases from reaching the catalyst layer; however, an insufficient amount of water may lead to membrane dehydration, excessive heat, and iconic conductivity losses.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "Excessive water may restrict reactant gases fro... |
55474463 | 19 | 51 | 2,956,011,581 | [
"Materials Science"
] | Future study will entail investigations of different GDL microstructures (paper and cloth) so that material specific behaviour of liquid water invasion can be analyzed. The use of the current ex-situ experimental device can also be extended to investigate the effects of GDL surface treatment (PTFE and MPL) and injectio... | CONCLUSION | [
{
"text": "Future study will entail investigations of different GDL microstructures (paper and cloth) so that material specific behaviour of liquid water invasion can be analyzed.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Future study will entail investigations of different GDL microstructures (p... |
59041097 | 19 | 76 | 2,706,482,835 | [
"Physics"
] | The variation of and with photon energy observed for the samples is demonstrated in Figure 7 . The refractive index and extinction coefficient increase with increasing frequency. The variation of and values shows that some interactions took place between photons and electrons in the frequency range studied. It is found... | Results and Discussion | [
{
"text": "The variation of and with photon energy observed for the samples is demonstrated in Figure 7 .",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The variation of and with photon energy observed for the samples is demonstrated in Figure 7 .",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
... |
59041097 | 29 | 76 | 2,706,482,835 | [
"Physics"
] | The dielectric constant and the loss factor tan values of the sintered pellets were studied in the frequency range 100 Hz to 5 MHz at room temperature with silver electrodes on both sides of the circular disc and are given in Figure 12 (a). It can be clearly noted that the loss factor decreases as frequency increases, ... | Results and Discussion | [
{
"text": "The dielectric constant and the loss factor tan values of the sintered pellets were studied in the frequency range 100 Hz to 5 MHz at room temperature with silver electrodes on both sides of the circular disc and are given in Figure 12 (a).",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The... |
86534456 | 0 | 1 | 972,978,495 | [
"Biology"
] | E. coli is a major pathogen of commercially produced poultry causing colibacillosis all over the world. In birds, it causes airsacculitis, pericarditis, septicemia, and death (Hofstad et al., 1984) . It is a major cause of respiratory and septicemic diseases in broiler chicken causing mortality less than 5% and morbidi... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "E. coli is a major pathogen of commercially produced poultry causing colibacillosis all over the world.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "E. coli is a major pathogen of commercially produced poultry causing colibacillosis all over the world.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation... |
144648696 | 18 | 7 | 1,501,075,023 | [
"Psychology"
] | We obtained permission to use the JSS and translate it to Portuguese. Recommended procedures proposed by Beaton, Bombardier, Guillemin and Ferraz were used (Beaton, Bombardier, Guillemin, & Ferraz, 2000) . Following the same guidelines, the pre-final version of the JSS-PT was applied in an interview context, to 30 subj... | Procedure | [
{
"text": "We obtained permission to use the JSS and translate it to Portuguese.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "We obtained permission to use the JSS and translate it to Portuguese.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"text": "Recommended procedures proposed b... |
144648696 | 6 | 7 | 1,501,075,023 | [
"Psychology"
] | Sleep problems seem to be a common factor in anxiety and depression (Johnson, Roth, & Breslau, 2006; Neckelmann, Mykletun, & Dahl, 2007) . Approximately 80% of patients with depression complain of changes in sleep patterns. When executing a polysomnography, a multi-parametric type of sleep study used as a diagnostic to... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Sleep problems seem to be a common factor in anxiety and depression.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "Sleep problems seem to be a common factor in anxiety and depression (Johnson, Roth, & Breslau, 2006; Neckelmann, Mykletun, & Dahl, 2007) .",
"ref_ids": [
[
"BIBR... |
14417082 | 1 | 52 | 3,878,866,962 | [
"Psychology"
] | Here we aim to summarize available evidence on the study of pain but also of positive emotion and affect in non-communicative patients. We review the assessment tools measuring pain at the bedside and recent functional neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies. Some scholars suggest that when pain perception is sus... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Here we aim to summarize available evidence on the study of pain but also of positive emotion and affect in non-communicative patients.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Here we aim to summarize available evidence on the study of pain but also of positive emotion and affect in ... |
55194911 | 1 | 61 | 5,624,669,046 | [
"Chemistry"
] | Many studies have demonstrated that natural and constructed wetlands are generally effective at removing nitrogen from municipal and agricultural wastewaters (Brodie, 1989; Phipps and Crumpton, 1994; Kadlec and Knight, 1996; Woltemade, 2000; Jordon et al., 2003; Zedler, 2003; Beutel et al., 2009; Diaz et al., 2012) . R... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Many studies have demonstrated that natural and constructed wetlands are generally effective at removing nitrogen from municipal and agricultural wastewaters.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "Many studies have demonstrated that natural and constructed wetlands are generally effect... |
85651115 | 0 | 23 | 3,157,658,567 | [
"Chemistry"
] | Acidified milk drinks are popular dairy products worldwide. This beverage can be described as an acidified protein liquid system with stability and viscosity similar to natural milk. Such drinks are usually composed of an acid dairy phase (fermented base) or a neutral base (milk) with an acidic medium (fruit phases suc... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "Acidified milk drinks are popular dairy products worldwide.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Acidified milk drinks are popular dairy products worldwide.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"text": "This beverage can be described as an acidified protei... |
85651115 | 1 | 23 | 3,157,658,567 | [
"Chemistry"
] | A lot of work has been reported on the interaction between pectin and milk protein [11, 15, 16] . Pectin has a chain structure of α-(1→4)-linked D-galacturonic acid units interrupted by the insertion of α-(1→2)-linked L-rhamnopyranosyl residues. High-methoxyl pectin has been widely used as a stabilizer in acidified mil... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "A lot of work has been reported on the interaction between pectin and milk protein.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "A lot of work has been reported on the interaction between pectin and milk protein [11, 15, 16] .",
"ref_ids": [
[
"BIBREF11",
"BIBREF15",... |
17630265 | 8 | 80 | 1,677,704,208 | [
"Mathematics"
] | There it was also shown the there are certain pairs (a, L) with possibly negative moments L 0 a(x) sin 2 (nπx/L)dx but still leading to exponential decay. An extension to the type of equation (1.7) was given by Menz [13] . Fo the Timoshenko system under consideration, we shall demonstrate that the conditions (1.5)-(1.8... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "There it was also shown the there are certain pairs (a, L) with possibly negative moments L 0 a(x) sin 2 (nπx/L)dx but still leading to exponential decay.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "There it was also shown the there are certain pairs (a, L) with possibly negative moments... |
2027451 | 0 | 85 | 3,040,923,142 | [
"Mathematics"
] | Satellite remote sensing is an efficient tool for measuring rainfall on a global scale. Techniques for evaluating precipitation from satellites may be divided into three major categories: those based on visible and/or infrared measurements, those based on passive-microwave measurements, and those based on radar measure... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Satellite remote sensing is an efficient tool for measuring rainfall on a global scale.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Satellite remote sensing is an efficient tool for measuring rainfall on a global scale.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"text"... |
2713368 | 9 | 56 | 1,448,512,187 | [
"Computer Science"
] | As mentioned in the introduction, it is not only important to extract the dialogue act of the current utterance, but also to predict possible follow up dialogue acts. Predictions about what comes next are needed internally in the dialogue component and externally by other components in VERB-MOBIL. An example of the int... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "As mentioned in the introduction, it is not only important to extract the dialogue act of the current utterance, but also to predict possible follow up dialogue acts.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "As mentioned in the introduction, it is not only important to extract the dia... |
9377268 | 1 | 44 | 3,076,792,629 | [
"Computer Science"
] | Implementing SAN over IP brings economy and convenience whereas it also raises performance issues. Currently, there are basically two existing approaches: one carries out SCSI and IP protocol conversion at a specialized switch and the other encapsulates SCSI protocol in TCP/IP at host bus adapter (HBA) level [14] . Bot... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Implementing SAN over IP brings economy and convenience whereas it also raises performance issues.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Implementing SAN over IP brings economy and convenience whereas it also raises performance issues.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": nu... |
119293358 | 0 | 22 | 5,275,576,349 | [
"Mathematics"
] | In some recent papers the notion of ultrafunction has been introduced and studied ( [1] , [2] , [3] ). Ultrafunctions are a particular class of functions defined on a Non Archimedean field R * ⊃ R. We recall that a Non Archimedean field is an ordered field which contains infinite and infinitesimal numbers. In general, ... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "In some recent papers the notion of ultrafunction has been introduced and studied (,,).",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "In some recent papers the notion of ultrafunction has been introduced and studied ( [1] , [2] , [3] ).",
"ref_ids": [
[
"BIBREF0"
],
... |
55288247 | 2 | 19 | 5,790,715,500 | [
"Economics"
] | International benefit transfer, when study and policy sites are in different countries, introduces some unique challenges and problems. These include the necessity to correct for differences in income, currency, purchasing power parity, and possibly others (Ready and Navrud 2006) . For these reasons it is probably safe... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "International benefit transfer, when study and policy sites are in different countries, introduces some unique challenges and problems.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "International benefit transfer, when study and policy sites are in different countries, introduces some uniq... |
2504119 | 3 | 26 | 6,120,561,797 | [
"Engineering"
] | A promising approach to desalination is low-temperature membrane distillation (MD) driven by thermal solar energy [12] . This approach may be especially well-suited to arid regions, where there is a fresh water shortage, a salt water surplus, and high availability of solar energy [13] . MD is a temperature-driven membr... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "A promising approach to desalination is low-temperature membrane distillation (MD) driven by thermal solar energy.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "A promising approach to desalination is low-temperature membrane distillation (MD) driven by thermal solar energy [12] .",
"ref_i... |
12169121 | 2 | 63 | 5,345,199,197 | [
"Medicine"
] | The picture is also unclear when tumors rather than ACFs are used as the end point. In an early study, soybean protein did not differ from beef protein in terms of relative numbers of colon tumors in DMH-treated rats [19] . Defatted soybean meal was not protective in the same model [20] . However, we previously reporte... | Background | [
{
"text": "The picture is also unclear when tumors rather than ACFs are used as the end point.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The picture is also unclear when tumors rather than ACFs are used as the end point.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"text": "In an... |
15912591 | 0 | 78 | 2,758,514,235 | [
"Medicine"
] | Chronic hepatic injury may lead to liver fibrosis [1] . After an acute liver injury, parenchymal cells regenerate and replace dead cells. This process is associated with an inflammatory response and a limited deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). If hepatic injury persists, liver regeneration eventually fails and h... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Chronic hepatic injury may lead to liver fibrosis.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "Chronic hepatic injury may lead to liver fibrosis [1] .",
"ref_ids": [
[
"BIBREF0"
]
],
"citation_text": [
"[1]"
]
},
{
"text": "After an acute liv... |
3808809 | 26 | 37 | 5,046,664,948 | [
"Medicine"
] | Studies documenting the frequency and type of aerosols generated during common medical procedures in healthcare settings provide critical information needed to inform infection prevention strategies and guidelines. Evidence-based guidelines are necessary to help protect HCP from infection, especially in outbreak situat... | DISCUSSION | [
{
"text": "Studies documenting the frequency and type of aerosols generated during common medical procedures in healthcare settings provide critical information needed to inform infection prevention strategies and guidelines.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Studies documenting the frequ... |
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