Split (3)

train · 1k rows

id stringlengths 5 7	query stringlengths 4.64k 8.32k	answer stringlengths 392 2.53k
PLOS200	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The 17D line yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccines are some of the safest and most effective live-attenuated virus vaccines ever produced, protecting recipients for life against deadly yellow fever (YF). As a testament to this safety and efficacy, the 17D line of live-attenuated vaccines has become an important model for t...
PLOS201	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Human neurocysticercosis is an infection of the central nervous system caused by the larval stage of the pork tapeworm (Taenia solium). The infection occurs mainly in developing countries and is associated with poverty, poor sanitation and free-range pig management. It is estimated to be responsible for 30% of cases of...
PLOS202	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Highly polymorphic genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) code for proteins responsible for presenting antigens to lymphocytes, thus initiating adaptive immune response. The polymorphism is driven by coevolution with parasites which are selected to evade recognition by MHC proteins. Expressing many MHC mol...
PLOS203	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of genetic variants for hundreds of traits and diseases. However, the genetic variants discovered from GWAS only explained a small fraction of the heritability, resulting in the question of “missing heritability”. We have recently developed approaches (ca...
PLOS204	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The bacterium that causes anthrax produces a toxin called anthrax toxin that is largely responsible for causing disease symptoms. The first step in anthrax intoxication involves binding of the toxin to a specific protein, called a receptor, on the cell surface. Receptor-binding acts like a switch to prevent the toxin f...
PLOS205	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Atrial fibrillation is a common heart rhythm problem that often has no symptoms, so people are unaware they have this condition. People with atrial fibrillation can have a very high stroke risk if they are not appropriately treated with anticoagulant medications, and this risk increases with age. Screening for atrial f...
PLOS206	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The disease tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the microbe Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and remains a major public health concern. More research is needed to understand the diverse immune responses against Mtb to develop better vaccines. Mouse Qa-1 and its human counterpart HLA-E are nonclassical MHC I molecules that ...
PLOS207	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Natural selection and genetic drift drive the evolution of virus populations within their hosts and therefore influence strongly virus emergences. To help predict future virus emergences, we developed a model that estimates simultaneously genetic drift and selection intensities using high-throughput sequence data repre...
PLOS208	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Sometimes changing environmental conditions force bacteria to boost protein expression above the level that can be achieved by transcriptional or translational control. Gene duplication and amplification (GDA) represents a simple and effective means to augment protein expression and is frequently associated with the de...
PLOS209	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Wolbachia are bacteria that live within the cells of arthropod hosts and are widespread in many groups of insects. These bacteria can rapidly spread through a population through a process of cytoplasmic incompatibility whereby females uninfected by Wolbachia show embryo death when they mate with males carrying the bact...
PLOS210	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Cholera has been increasingly reported in the past decade. It is most feared because of its tendency to spread rapidly resulting in deaths in a short time, if appropriate treatment is not provided. For fear of trade and travel sanctions, countries were disinclined to report cholera, unless large outbreaks ensued. Altho...
PLOS211	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	For animals living in the wild, being able to utilize a wide range of diet is evolutionarily advantageous as they can survive even when their optimal diet is depleted. Since diet is known to influence the rate of aging, animals seem to have evolved intricate mechanisms to maintain homeostasis and normal life span, but ...
PLOS212	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Text mining has become an integral part of all fields in science. Owing to the large number of articles published every day, it is necessary to employ automated systems to assist in curation, knowledge management and discovery. To date, most systems make use of information collected from abstracts only. Moreover, studi...
PLOS213	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Legionella pneumophila is an accidental pathogen of humans, responsible for the severe, often-fatal pneumonia known as Legionnaires' disease. In the environment, L. pneumophila survives and replicates within protozoa by co-opting the intracellular machinery of these microbial predators. These freshwater encounters betw...
PLOS214	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Adolescents and young adults are particularly vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The first strategic direction of the WHO Global Health Sector Strategy on Sexually Transmitted Infections 2016–2021 is to collect information on STI prevalence and incidence across representative populations. There is ev...
PLOS215	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Previous studies have implicated adult-born hippocampal neurons in the formation of spatial and contextual memories by using mouse models where newly generated neurons are either eliminated or increased in number. Nonetheless, how new neurons are integrated in the existing circuits and contribute to memory formation st...
PLOS216	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	We are interested in how bees are capable of navigating complex environments. Experimental evidence shows that they use an estimate of the speed that patterns move across their compound eyes (angular velocity) to control their behaviour and avoid obstacles, however the brain circuitry used to extract this information i...
PLOS217	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Photosynthesis is carried out in chloroplast, a plant-specific organelle. Photosynthetic membranes in chloroplasts contain high levels of glycolipids, and UDP-galactose is a dominating donor for glycolipid biosynthesis. Although glycolipid assembly of photosynthetic membranes has been characterized at the genetic and e...
PLOS218	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The insulin/IGF signalling (IIS) pathway plays key roles in growth, metabolism, reproduction, and longevity in animals as diverse as flies and mammals. Most multicellular animals contain multiple IIS ligands, including 7 in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (DILP1-7), implying that the diverse functions of IIS coul...
PLOS219	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	DNA methylation is a ubiquitous and simple covalent modification that occurs directly on genetic material whereby a simple methyl group (CH3) is attached to Cytosine nucleotides in the context of CpG sites. Modifications of these sites have been postulated to function in gene regulation, potentially via interactions wi...
PLOS220	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Polycomb group proteins (PcGs) are essential for development in both animals and plants. Studies in plants are advantageous for elucidation of specific effects of PcGs during development, since most PcG mutants are viable in plants but not in animals. Previous efforts in genetic study of plant PcGs revealed that differ...
PLOS221	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Mosquitoes are important for transmission of human diseases including dengue and yellow fever. The sequencing of the genomes of key mosquito species including Aedes aegypti has helped us to understand the factors that allow mosquitoes to vector disease. While the genome for Ae. aegypti has been sequenced, it is in many...
PLOS222	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Penicillin and related beta-lactams are one of our oldest and most effective classes of antibiotics. These drugs target enzymes called penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) that build the essential cell wall that surrounds bacterial cells. Beta-lactams have long been used as chemical and genetic probes to uncover the mech...
PLOS223	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Computation in a single neuron is regulated by gain control – the change in the sensitivity of a neuron to different patterns of stimulation. Hence, it is important to understand the different mechanisms underlying gain modulation. Earlier work focused on gain modulation in mature networks with functional connectivity;...
PLOS224	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	To function properly, proteins must assume their correct three-dimensional shapes. There are numerous mechanisms within the cell, collectively referred to as protein quality control (PQC), that verify proper folding. If abnormal folding is detected, PQC can either help the protein to refold or target it for degradation...
PLOS225	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Protein-protein interactions mediate, in essence, all inter- and intra-cellular processes. Thus, understanding their molecular mechanism is of utmost importance. Here we focus on one mechanistic aspect: differentiation between obligatory interactions, which persist throughout the entire lifetime of the protein complex,...
PLOS226	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Candida albicans is the predominant fungal pathogen afflicting humans, where many infections arise due to its proclivity to form biofilms. Biofilms are complex multicellular communities in which cells exhibit distinct properties to those grown in suspension. They are particularly relevant in the development of device-a...
PLOS227	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	White matter tracts crisscrossing the human cortex are linked in a complex pattern that constrains human thought and behavior. Why the human brain displays the complex pattern that it does is a fascinating open question. Progress in uncovering generative mechanisms for this architecture requires greater knowledge about...
PLOS228	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Upstream Binding Factor (UBF) is multi-HMGB-box protein found in all vertebrates. Although this protein has been implicated in transcription of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene in vitro, little is known of its function in vivo. We previously found that UBF creates a nucleosome-like structure on DNA, and that this structur...
PLOS229	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	In African trypanosomes, many of the mitochondrial mRNAs require extensive RNA editing before they can be translated. During this process, each edited transcript can undergo hundreds of cleavage/ligation events as U-residues are inserted or deleted to generate a translatable open reading frame. A major paradox has been...
PLOS230	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Menarche is a physical milestone in a woman's life. Age at menarche (AAM) is related to many common female health problems. AAM is mainly determined by genetic factors. However, the specific genes and the associated mechanisms underlying AAM are largely unknown. Here, taking advantage of the most recent technological a...
PLOS231	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The emergence of resistance to the available drugs against cutaneous leishmaniasis emphasizes the need of new chemotherapeutic approaches. Cysteine proteases from Leishmania are important virulence factors and, therefore, interesting drug targets. Studies on inhibitors against these enzymes during Leishmania major infe...
PLOS232	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	What is the best way to teach evolution? We hypothesised that if students know the fundamental concepts of genetics, then this might help them understand evolution better. To evaluate this, we performed a large trial in which pupils in United Kingdom secondary schools were either taught genetics and then evolution or e...
PLOS233	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Viruses are constantly emerging into new areas and pose significant challenges to public health. Chikungunya and West Nile viruses (WNV), both mosquito-borne RNA viruses, are quintessential examples of how increased globalization has facilitated the expansion of viruses into new territories. Rapid evolution of both of ...
PLOS234	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Mutations that alter the function of driver genes by changing DNA nucleotides have been recognized as key players in cancer progression. However, recent evidence has shown that DNA methylation, which can control gene expression, is also highly dysregulated in cancer and contributes to carcinogenesis. Whether methylatio...
PLOS235	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Schistosomiasis is a fresh water parasite infection that affects millions of people, especially in Africa. Recent knowledge about the genital manifestations of schistosomiasis; especially its possible association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, has led to increased focus on this neglected tropical di...
PLOS236	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The ability of cells to survive and grow depends on their ability to metabolize nutrients and create products vital for cell function. This is done through a complex network of reactions controlled by many genes. Changes in cellular metabolism play a role in a wide variety of diseases. However, despite the availability...
PLOS237	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Pathogenic bacteria deliver toxins and virulence proteins into host cells and tissues using specialised secretion systems such as the type II and type III secretion systems. These secretion systems have a pore formed by secretin protein subunits through which the disease causing protein effectors and toxins pass. The s...
PLOS238	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The coupling of mechanical and chemical factors has been consistently shown to regulate a variety of cellular processes such as cell polarization, migration and fate determination. However, most of the modeling work on biological systems still focuses on chemical systems. Here, we established a minimal cell polarity mo...
PLOS239	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	One of the salient characteristics of neurons is their ability to either excite or inhibit other neurons, depending on the type of neurotransmitter they use to act upon them. In fact, a careful balance between excitation and inhibition is required for the brain to operate in a sustained state, away from both epileptic ...
PLOS240	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Many bacterial pathogens use secretion systems to translocate effector proteins into host cells where they manipulate cell functions in favor of the pathogen. It is well-known that these secretion systems evolved from ancestors with functions in genuine bacterial contexts, but the origins of their secreted effectors ha...
PLOS241	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	In Nigeria, dogs are not only kept as pets, but are also used for hunting as well as a source of animal protein among some ethnic groups. Ticks are known to infest dogs and serve as vectors for some pathogens of zoonotic and veterinary importance. There is limited information on the prevalence and distribution of vecto...
PLOS242	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	In striated muscle myosin binds to actin and converts chemical energy from ATP hydrolysis into force, work, and power. Myosin cross-bridge binding is regulated by Ca2+ and the thin filament proteins troponin and tropomyosin. Cooperative interactions between actin, myosin, troponin, and tropomyosin greatly influence spa...
PLOS243	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Case-control association testing has proven to be useful for identification of genetic variants that affect susceptibility to disease. One can expect to gain power for detecting such variants by including relevant covariates in the analysis, by accounting for any relatedness of sampled individuals, and by making use of...
PLOS244	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Defense against infection by the primate lentiviruses HIV/SIV is mediated primarily by antibodies that can neutralize the virus and by cytotoxic cells that can recognize and kill other virus-infected cells. However, in the past several years, research has revealed the existence of an additional line of host defense aga...
PLOS245	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Postpartum depression is a severe emotional and mental disease that can affect women typically after parturition. However, the genetic risk factors associated with the development of postpartum depression are still largely unknown. We discovered a novel function of T cell death-associated gene 51 (TDAG51) in the regula...
PLOS246	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Asexual reproduction is widespread among all major clades of eukaryotes. Parthenogenesis represents a specific mode of asexual reproduction, secondarily derived from sexual reproduction, and refers to the development of a multicellular organism from an unfertilised gamete. Parthenogenesis has evolved independently in a...
PLOS247	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a childhood disorder manifested by abnormal social behavior, interests, and activities. The genetic contribution to ASD is higher than in other psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and mood disorders. Here, we found a novel mutation in NLGN1, a gene encoding a synaptic protein, ...
PLOS248	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Buruli ulcer (BU) is a neglected tropical infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. While BU is associated with areas where the water is slow-flowing or stagnant, the exact mechanism of transmission of the bacillus is unknown, impairing efficient control programs. Two hypotheses are proposed in the literatur...
PLOS249	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Knowing how and from whom individuals acquire infection can help inform the response to limit the impact of an epidemic; this study presents updated versions of analyses initially performed to assist the international response during the 2013–2016 Ebola epidemic in West Africa. Over 19,000 individuals with confirmed or...
PLOS250	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Filoviruses use a system of proteins and RNA to regulate viral RNA genome transcription and replication. Here, we have determined crystal structures and the biological functions of the protein complex formed by the filovirus transcriptional activator, VP30, and the core component of the nucleocapsid machinery, NP. The ...
PLOS251	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Dengue is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Releases of genetically sterile males have been shown to reduce wild mosquito numbers. An alternative approach is to release mosquitoes carrying genes blocking dengue transmission. It is often assumed that spreading such genes in mosquito populations requires using s...
PLOS252	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Chronic diseases including obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities have become the greatest threat to human health worldwide. How metabolic organs and organelles adapt to nutritional fluctuations, or fail to do so, remains incompletely understood. To explore these issues, we developed a new platform to explore t...
PLOS253	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Only a fraction of visual input can be selected for attentional scrutiny, often by focusing on a limited extent of the visual space. The selected location is often determined by the bottom-up visual inputs rather than the top-down intentions. For example, a red dot among green ones automatically attracts attention and ...
PLOS254	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	In budding yeast, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are mostly repaired by gene conversion (GC) in which an intact region with homology to both ends serves as template for repair. If only one of the DSB ends shares homology with another region, repair proceeds via break-induced replication (BIR), which, unlike GC, can le...
PLOS255	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Over the last decade, an increasing number of studies have shown that co-infected individuals can show strikingly different disease symptoms than singly infected individuals. Among these studies, the potential protective effect of some helminth species on malaria severity has attracted considerable attention because of...
PLOS256	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The human Y chromosome is found only in males, and exhibits surprisingly low levels of genetic diversity. This low diversity could result from neutral processes, for example, if there are fewer males successfully mating (and thus fewer Y chromosomes being inherited) relative to the number of females who successfully ma...
PLOS257	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Antibodies that potently neutralize a broad range of circulating HIV strains have been described. These antibodies target a variety of sites on the envelope protein of HIV, three copies of which associate to form a trimer that decorate the membrane surface of the virus particle. Some of these antibodies target regions ...
PLOS258	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Protozoan parasites cause significant disease in humans and livestock, and many of our current therapies have serious side effects or are being rendered useless due to the development of drug resistance. These parasites typically have complex life cycles involving multiple hosts and some, like Toxoplasma gondii, have t...
PLOS259	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Insertion sequences (IS) are mobile genetic elements found in most prokaryotic genomes. They are able to autonomously change position and proliferate in chromosomes. The nature of the coevolutionary dynamics of IS with the genome that hosts them is a matter of debate: Do IS proliferate to the point of causing the extin...
PLOS260	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	In this manuscript, we present a detailed mechanistic study of how a secreted P. aeruginosa virulence factor disrupts mucociliary clearance in the lung by inactivating a host cell deubiquitinating enzyme (USP10), thereby facilitating the degradation of the CFTR secretory chloride channel, which reduces mucociliary clea...
PLOS261	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Genome-wide association studies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have identified more than 65 loci, encoding up to 500 candidate susceptibility genes. Thus, investigators are fundamentally challenged to (i) screen and identify relevant candidates in vivo, (ii) determine if loss- or gain-of-function underlies t...
PLOS262	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Identifying small-molecule inhibitors of protein interactions has traditionally presented a challenge for modern screening methods, despite interest stemming from the fact that such interactions comprise the underlying mechanisms for cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. This suggests that many protein int...
PLOS263	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Cells communicate with their environments via the plasma membrane and various membrane proteins. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) plays a central role in such communication and proceeds with a series of multiprotein assembly, deformation of the plasma membrane, and production of a membrane vesicle that delivers extr...
PLOS264	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Despite intensive research, few genes have been identified that underlie natural variation for salinity responses in rice. In this study, we used a rice diversity panel for genome wide association mapping to identify HKT1;1 as a factor regulating Na+ distribution. Within the rice diversity panel we observed higher Na+ ...
PLOS265	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Sensory processing of time-varying stimuli, such as speech, is associated with high-frequency oscillatory cortical activity, the functional significance of which is still unknown. One possibility is that the oscillations are part of a stimulus-encoding mechanism. Here, we investigate a computational model of such a mec...
PLOS266	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Parasitic nematode infections are an extremely important global public health problem. Infections by hookworms and roundworms for example cause anemia, widespread developmental problems and devalued immunity against bacterial infections such as salmonella and tuberculosis. Although treatable with drugs, parasitic nemat...
PLOS267	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Ebola virus (EBOV) causes acute hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates with mortality rates up to 90%. So far there are no effective treatments available. This study evaluates the protective efficacy of 8 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the Ebola virus surface glycoprotein, in mice and guinea pigs. Var...
PLOS268	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Approximately 170 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is a leading cause of chronic liver disease. Current treatments are not optimal; however, several molecules that inhibit HCV replication are in development. However, resistance to individual antivirals is likely to d...
PLOS269	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	NPC is a deadly throat cancer in China that is dependent on EBV infection. Here, we performed a 1 M SNP genome-wide association study using a large cohort of Chinese study participants at risk for NPC. Although several putative gene regions show significant associations, the strongest statistical signals involved score...
PLOS270	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Emerging epidemics pose a significant challenge to human health worldwide. Accurate real-time forecasts of whether or not initial reports will be followed by a major outbreak are necessary for efficient deployment of control. For all infectious diseases, there is a delay between infection and the appearance of symptoms...
PLOS271	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Synchronization phenomena are pervasive in biology, creating collective behavior out of local interactions between neurons, cells, or animals. On the other hand, many of these systems function in the presence of large amounts of noise or disturbances, making one wonder how meaningful behavior can arise in these highly ...
PLOS272	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Knowledge on the population structure of Aedes aegypti, the main vector of the dengue virus (DENV), is essential to improving dengue fever prevention strategies in endemic countries. In Colombia, despite the epidemiological relevance of dengue fever, the genetic population structure and phylogeography of the vector Ae....
PLOS273	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are fungal agents responsible globally for almost one million cryptococcosis cases yearly, mostly in immunocompromised patients, such as those living with HIV. Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening mycosis, frequently causing meningoencephalitis. Infections due to C. gatti...
PLOS274	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	We report that administration of the intraluminal antibiotic Rifaximin and the gut-focused anti-inflammatory drug Sulfasalazine to acutely SIV-infected pigtailed macaques is associated with a transient disruption of the vicious circle of inflammation-microbial translocation-immune activation which is pathognomonic to p...
PLOS275	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is a retrovirus that persistently infects 20 million people worldwide. The majority of infected individuals are asymptomatic carriers of the virus, but 5–10% of infected people develop either adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) or a chronic, progressive neurological disease t...
PLOS276	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Failure to undergo faithful meiotic chromosome segregation during mammalian meiosis can result in aneuploidy in the offspring and is a major cause of pregnancy loss and birth defects in humans. One essential component of meiotic prophase I is the exchange of genetic information between maternal and paternal chromosomes...
PLOS277	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The epicenter of the ZIKV epidemic was located in Northeast Brazil (2015/16) and was followed by a space and time cluster of congenital microcephaly cases. This region is also a dengue hyperendemic setting. Laboratory confirmation of ZIKV infection during pregnancy is challenging due to cross-reactivity with other flav...
PLOS278	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency are two hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. While insulin resistance is always present in the early phase, it is β-cell failure that determines the pace of the disease onset. Increasing evidence that the immune system is activated and plays an important role in type 2 diabet...
PLOS279	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease where the host immune response plays an essential role in pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms promoting immunopathology in patients are still unclear. We performed gene expression profiling of skin lesions from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients and normal skin and the results demon...
PLOS280	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	An overarching endeavor in systems biology is to characterize and understand the allocation of an organism’s proteome. Common approaches to characterize proteome allocation are based on annotations of protein functions or transcriptional regulatory targets. Here, we develop a novel approach based on model-predicted pro...
PLOS281	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Schistosomes are parasitic flatworms that inhabit the circulatory system and are the cause of a debilitating and insidious disease for millions of people worldwide. Like other complex organisms, schistosomes and other parasitic worms regulate their cell biology through extensive use of enzymes called protein kinases th...
PLOS282	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Heart rate regulation is dependent upon a delicate interplay between parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve activity at the level of the sinus node. Acetylcholine slows the heart rate by activating the M2 muscarinic receptor (M2R) that, in turn, opens the acetylcholine-activated potassium channel (IK,ACh) to slow the fi...
PLOS283	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	In most computational models of neuronal networks, it is assumed that electrical synapses have a constant and ohmic conductance. However, numerous experimental studies demonstrate that connexin-based channels expressed in neuronal gap junctions can change their conductance in response to a transjunctional voltage or va...
PLOS284	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	ATM (Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated) serine/threonine kinase plays a critical role in coordinating the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), such as cell cycle checkpoint, DNA repair, and apoptosis. miRNAs have been reported to be involved in many cellular processes, and their role in DSB–triggered DNA d...
PLOS285	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Amphimerus sp. is a fluke that infects the bile ducts of its definitive hosts. Recently, it has been shown that an indigenous Amerindian group, the Chachi, living in a rural and remote tropical area of Ecuador, are infected with this parasite. The epidemiology and life cycle of this parasite remains elusive, and resear...
PLOS286	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The spike protein on the virus surface mediates its entry to the host cell and a high spike density promotes infection. HIV has a spike density that is almost two orders of magnitude lower than other viruses. This unique feature of HIV has defied explanation since it was first observed. By bringing together theory and ...
PLOS287	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Neurobiological processes are altered by linking neuronal activity to regulated changes in protein phosphorylation levels that influence protein function. Although some of the major targets of activity-dependent phospho-signalling have been identified, a large number of substrates remain unknown. Here, we have screened...
PLOS288	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The ability to navigate allows animals to vastly increase the action space for finding resources, mates, and to avoid predators. The benefits are many and it is commonly believed that modern brain functions have emerged from ancestral forms evolved for effective navigation. Since the time of Charles Darwin, it has been...
PLOS289	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Spectrins are cytoskeletal and scaffolding proteins ubiquitously expressed in essentially all cell-types. Despite unequivocal evidence for a short physiological length of ~55–65 nm at rest, spectrin is typically represented as an extended ~200 nm molecule that is implied based on crystallographic structures of a number...
PLOS290	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Viruses propagate in plants through membranous channels, called plasmodesmata, linking each cell to its neighboring cell. In this work, we challenge the role of the plasma membrane in the regulation of virus propagation. By studying the dynamics and the activation of a plant-specific protein called REMORIN, we found th...
PLOS291	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Herpes viruses persist lifelong continuously alternating between latency and virus production and transmission. The latter events occur despite the presence of immune IgG antibodies. IgG acts by neutralization of virions and activation of immune cells bearing one or more surface receptors, called FcγRs, recognizing the...
PLOS292	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Leishmania (V.) braziliensis and L. (L.) amazonensis are protozoa that infect macrophages and cause cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis. Here we showed that both Leishmania species induce the production of IL-32γ in human macrophages. This intracellular and pro-inflammatory cytokine mediates the production of cytokines...
PLOS293	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The existence of the biosphere today depends on its capacity to fix inorganic into living matter. A wide range of evidence also suggests that the earliest life forms on Earth likewise derived their carbon from . From these two observations one can assume that the global biological carbon cycle has always been based on...
PLOS294	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Using human bait to collect blood-feeding insects is an ethically sensitive issue. Whereas researchers investigating insect-borne diseases such as sleeping sickness, leishmaniasis and malaria have a range of traps at their disposal, those investigating blackflies and river blindness (onchocerciasis) still rely on this ...
PLOS295	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The bacteria Bartonella bacilliformis is the etiological agent of Carrion’s disease, which is a neglected poverty-related disease, related to Mountain Andean valleys of Peru, Colombia and Ecuador. This disease, in absence of treatment presents a high mortality during the acute phase, called Oroya’s Fever. The second ph...
PLOS296	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The fungal wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola emerged in the Middle East 11,000 years ago, coinciding with host domestication. We sequenced the genome of the closest known endemic relative of M. graminicola infecting wild grass hosts. A comparative genome analysis allowed us to infer how speciation and host spec...
PLOS297	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The neocortex is structurally organized into distinct brain areas. The role of specific brain areas in sensory perception is typically studied using two kinds of laboratory experiments: those that measure correlations between neural activity and reported percepts, and those that inactivate a brain region and measure th...
PLOS298	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	We model the transmission of influenza through the environment assuming four possible transmission routes: respiratory (small particle inhalation), inspiratory (medium particle inhalation), direct-droplet-spray (large particle spray directly to susceptible tissue), and contact-mediated (when large particles settle in t...
PLOS299	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Fascioliasis is a neglected infectious disease caused by the trematode Fasciola. This parasite (liver fluke) is endemic in many parts of the world including countries from Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. High prevalence rates of fascioliasis has been repeatedly reported in the Andean region of South America. Liv...

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.