Split (3)

train · 1k rows

id stringlengths 5 7	query stringlengths 4.64k 8.32k	answer stringlengths 392 2.53k
PLOS900	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The highly conserved Wingless/Wnt signal transduction pathway directs many cellular processes in metazoans and its deregulation underlies numerous human congenital diseases and cancers. Most notably, more than 80% of colon cancers arise from aberrant activation of the Wnt pathway. A better understanding of how Wnt sign...
PLOS901	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Despite the importance of muscle fiber development and tendon attachment, this process is incompletely understood in vertebrates. One critical step is muscle fiber elongation; muscle precursor cells are short and subsequent elongation/fusion generates long, multinucleate muscle fibers. Using a vertebrate model organism...
PLOS902	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The major vectors of Chagas disease are species of triatomine bugs that have adapted to human sleeping quarters and may feed on domestic animals and humans. There is a striking lack of information on the blood-feeding rates of Triatominae in field conditions, and factors modifying the fraction of bugs that feed on huma...
PLOS903	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The majority of adult people are infected with human cytomegalovirus (CMV), but in hosts with a healthy immune system it is kept in check and does not cause disease. On the other hand, in patients suffering from innate or acquired immune deficiencies, CMV can cause severe disease or death. Infection of mice with the mo...
PLOS904	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Protein interactions are the basic units in almost all biological processes. It is thus vitally important to reconstruct protein-protein interactions (PPIs) before we can fully understand biological processes. However, critical difficulties exist. Particularly the rate of wrongly predicting PPIs to be true (false posit...
PLOS905	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Promoters are regulatory regions that control transcription of genes. A special class of promoters, known as bidirectional promoters, regulates expression of two genes instead of one. These promoters are situated between two adjacent genes whose transcription start sites are physically within 1,000 bp and oriented in o...
PLOS906	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is one of the body's major control systems helping to regulate functions ranging from digestion to immune response to metabolism. Dysregulation of the HPA axis is associated with a number of neuroimmune disorders including chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), depression, Gulf Wa...
PLOS907	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Trachoma control programs aim for high coverage of endemic communities with oral azithromycin to reduce the pool of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. However, even with high coverage, infection is seen following treatment. In four communities in Tanzania, we followed every child aged under ten years from baseline t...
PLOS908	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue of the healthy human body. It is also highly adaptable to different environmental stimuli, e.g. regular exercise. Exercise training improves overall health and muscle function, and can be used to prevent and treat several common diseases e.g. cardiovascular disease and type I...
PLOS909	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Plants sense ambient light conditions through several photoreceptors that induce a complex signaling cascade to vastly alter gene expression, growth and development. Blue light activates two cryptochrome photoreceptors which subsequently inactivate an E3 ubiquitin ligase consisting of COP1 and SPA proteins. While COP1 ...
PLOS910	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Proteins are built by domains, which mediate protein–protein interactions involved in different biological activities. A challenging problem in computational biology is the understanding of the domain–domain interaction mechanism. Here, we propose a new approach for the analysis and prediction of domain–domain binding ...
PLOS911	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The ability of an organism to adapt to daily changes in the environment, via a circadian clock, is an inherently interesting phenomenon recently connected to several human health issues. Decades of experiments on one of the smallest model animals, the fruit fly Drosophila, has illustrated significant similarities with ...
PLOS912	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Naegleria fowleri pathogens are widespread throughout the world infecting and killing hundreds of thousands of people every year. They are also listed as category B bioterrorism agents by the NIH and the CDC. However, there is a serious unmet need to develop more effective th...
PLOS913	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Dizziness is a frequent complaint amongst middle-aged and older people. Dizziness can lead to poor health outcomes, including reduced quality of life, depression, and falls. The increasingly multifactorial nature of dizziness with advancing age makes it difficult to objectively establish a diagnosis and offer effective...
PLOS914	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Many different areas of the brain are utilized to analyze the three-dimensional shape of the objects we see and grasp (e.g., a sphere compared to a disk). In this study, we temporarily inactivated one of these areas in the monkey parietal cortex and measured the effect on the network of brain areas involved in three-di...
PLOS915	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Many recent models of motor planning are based on the idea that the CNS plans movements to minimize “costs” intrinsic to motor performance. A minimum variance model would predict that the motor system plans movements that minimize motor error (as measured by the variance in movement) subject to the constraint that the ...
PLOS916	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Cholera is a major health problem in many parts of the world causing seasonal outbreaks in endemic areas. Essentially only the O1 serogroup of Vibrio cholerae causes epidemic cholera. This serogroup has two immunologically distinguishable serotype variants called Ogawa and Inaba. The Inaba serotype is a consequence of ...
PLOS917	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Clinical isolates of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus secrete coagulase (Coa), a polypeptide that binds to and activates prothrombin, thereby converting fibrinogen to fibrin and promoting clotting of plasma or blood. Another secreted coagulase, designated von-Willebrand factor binding protein (vWbp), catalyzes ...
PLOS918	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Typhoid fever is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. The disease is generally restricted to those living in low-income settings with poor sanitation. Typhoid fever is a common cause of fever requiring hospital treatment in Cambodia, but limited data is available on the epidemiology of the di...
PLOS919	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the major viruses causing Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease, a highly contagious illness which primarily affects young children in the Asia-Pacific region and can sometimes be fatal. No vaccines or antivirals for Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease are available at this time. We developed an exper...
PLOS920	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Following viral-to-cellular membrane fusion, the HIV-1 genome is propelled inside the cell as part of an higher order nucleoproteic structure often referred to as viral core, or capsid. Here, we have developed a novel entry/uncoating assay based on the degree of exposure of a virion-packaged mRNA reporter to the transl...
PLOS921	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Initial spread of viruses is controlled by type I interferon induced antiviral molecules. Early intervention with viral replication is especially critical in central nervous system infections to reduce loss of non-renewable cells and mitigate immune pathology. One of the best characterized anti-viral mechanisms is medi...
PLOS922	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Zoonotic diseases (ones that infect both animals and humans) exact a significant economic and human cost, especially in developing economies. Developing effective policies for mitigating zoonotic infections is often challenging, both because of the complexity of their spread and because very limited resources must be a...
PLOS923	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	In our study we describe the potency of established phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) kinase inhibitors against three trypanosomatid parasites: Trypanosoma brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania sp., which are the causative agents for African sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, and leis...
PLOS924	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	When trypanosomes are inside tsetse flies, they have to cope with temperature variations from below 20°C up to 37°C, due to diurnal variations and periodic intake of warm blood. In the laboratory, procyclic forms (the form that multiplies in the midgut), are routinely cultured at 27°C. When procyclic forms are heated t...
PLOS925	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	There is a poor correlation between the activity of antibiotics in the laboratory and in patients, including in several infectious diseases of the respiratory tract. What may help explaining differences between antibiotic activity in vitro and in vivo is that current antibiotic susceptibility tests do not consider the ...
PLOS926	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Transcription termination is an important regulatory event for both non-coding and coding transcripts. Using high-throughput sequencing, we have mapped RNA Polymerase II's position in the genome after depletion of termination factors from the nucleus. We found that depletion of Ysh1 and Sen1 cause build up of polymeras...
PLOS927	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The ability of cells to survive in the absence of proliferation (cell division), differentiation (cell maturation) or activation allows tissues to maintain cell populations that are poised for rapid responses to damage, infections, or other physiological demands. While this “survival-only” response is fundamental to al...
PLOS928	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The information stored in the DNA of a cell’s chromosomes is transmitted to the rest of the cell by transcribing the DNA into RNA copies or “transcripts”. The fidelity of this process, and thus the health of the cell, depends critically on the proper function of proteins that direct transcription. Since hundreds of gen...
PLOS929	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Recently, the field of anti-cancer therapy has witnessed a revolution by the discovery of targeted therapy, which refers to compounds targeting specific pathways causing abnormal growth of cancer cells. The clinical success of such drugs has been limited by the evolution of acquired resistance to these compounds, which...
PLOS930	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Paracoccidioidomycosis is a health-threatening human systemic mycosis, endemic to some Latin America countries. The disease is caused by species belonging to the Paracoccidioides genus. Once inside the human host, Paracoccidioides must face the host innate immune system, escaping from the cytotoxic capacity of innate i...
PLOS931	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic disease caused by ingestion of the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. The liver is the most commonly infected organ. There are currently four treatments for CE: surgery, percutaneous treatment, medical treatment (benzimidazoles), and watch-and-wait strategy. Treatment is ...
PLOS932	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	There are no approved vaccines or treatments to combat infections with ebolaviruses, which cause Ebola virus disease (EVD), an often rapidly fatal disease characterized by fever and bleeding that results in death in up to ~90% of cases. Ebolaviruses are among the most pathogenic viruses that cause human disease and rep...
PLOS933	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	To complete everyday activities, such as judging where or when something occurred, we combine information from multiple senses such as vision and audition. In adults, this merging of information is optimal: more reliable sensory estimates have more influence (higher weight) in the combined, multisensory estimate. Multi...
PLOS934	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Adjusting sleep-wake behavior in response to environmental and physiological challenges may not only be of protective value, but can also be vital for the survival of the organism. For example, while it is crucial to increase wake to explore a novel environment to search for potential threats and food sources, it is al...
PLOS935	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	At the center of any evolutionary process is a population of reproducing individuals. The structure of this population can greatly affect the outcome of evolution. If the fitness of an individual is determined by its interactions with others, then we are in the world of evolutionary game theory. The population structur...
PLOS936	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Mathematical models that aim to describe the complete metabolism of a cell help us understand cellular metabolic capabilities and evolution, and aid the biotechnological design of microbial strains with desired properties. Draft models are frequently improved through adjustments that increase the agreement of growth/no...
PLOS937	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Animals can locate the source of a sound by detecting microsecond differences in the arrival time of sound at the two ears. Neurons encoding these interaural time differences (ITDs) receive an excitatory synaptic input from each ear. They can perform a microsecond computation with excitatory synapses that have millisec...
PLOS938	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	High levels of serum IgE are considered markers of parasite and helminth exposure. In addition, they are associated with allergic disorders, play a key role in anti-tumoral defence, and are crucial mediators of autoimmune diseases. There is strong evidence that the regulation of serum IgE levels is under a strong genet...
PLOS939	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The extracellular space in the leaf (the apoplast) is colonized by a diversity of microbes that will have to deal with host-secreted hydrolytic enzymes, many of which accumulate during defence responses. We hypothesize that in addition to fungal and oomycete pathogens, the bacterial model plant pathogen Pseudomonas syr...
PLOS940	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	During infections, B cells diversify the antibodies they produce by two mechanisms: somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR). SHM mutates the regions encoding the antigen-binding site, generating high-affinity antibodies. CSR allows B cells to switch the class of antibody they produce (from IgM ...
PLOS941	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	In this paper we show that within modular networks (that is, networks with multiple scales of connections), two distinct mechanisms may drive the emergence of synchrony at the global level. We term the first of these mechanisms “network-driven synchrony”, which is characterized by the presence of cycles within the macr...
PLOS942	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Vibrio cholerae is the bacterium that causes cholera, a pandemic diarrheal disease transmitted by ingestion of contaminated food or water. We developed a novel vaccine containing two protective antigens of V. cholerae, TcpA and CTB, incorporated into a defined oligomeric protein chimera. CTB is the non-toxic binding do...
PLOS943	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The evolution of resistance is a universal challenge in antimicrobial chemotherapy. A key driver of resistance is that drug resistance mutations often persist even in the absence of drugs and despite the fact that resistance mutations are often associated with reduced pathogen replication (“fitness costs”). Such persis...
PLOS944	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Natural killer (NK) cells represent a specialized blood cell that plays an important role in the detection of virus-infected or cancer cells. NK cells recognize and kill diseased cells using receptors for self antigens (HLA) that are frequently altered on aberrant cells. The HLA receptors are known as Killer cell Immun...
PLOS945	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Earlier studies have established a marker rs10484561, in the HLA class II region on 6p21.32, associated with increased follicular lymphoma (FL) risk. Here, in a three-stage genome-wide association study of 1,428 FL cases and 6,581 controls, we identified a sec...
PLOS946	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Drug resistance remains a major concern in leishmaniasis chemotherapy, a neglected tropical disease that causes 60,000 deaths around the world annually. To better understand the molecular mechanisms behind drug resistance, we selected L. guyanensis parasites resistant to antimony, the first-line drug against this disea...
PLOS947	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	BRAFV600E is the most common mutation in human melanomas, and kinase inhibitors that block BRAFV600E signaling can rapidly induce tumor regression but only modestly improve melanoma long-term survival. In this study, we identify a novel therapeutic vulnerability for BRAF mutant melanoma tumors. Targeting RhoJ signaling...
PLOS948	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Certain bacterial immune-evasion factors such as the MprF protein are highly conserved in many bacterial pathogens and represent attractive targets for new ‘anti-virulence’ drugs. MprF, initially discovered in the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, protects bacteria against ‘innate human antibiotics’ such as t...
PLOS949	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of human tuberculosis, is one of the most widely spread human pathogens, responsible for more than 9.6 million of new tuberculosis cases and 1.5 million deaths, annually. The resurgence of pulmonary tuberculosis in immuno-compromised patients, including HIV-co-infec...
PLOS950	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Coronaviruses are important pathogens in humans and animals. Although some coronaviruses can cause severe illness in humans and animals with considerable fatality, there is no antiviral drugs available for coronavirus infections. Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), caused by virulent feline coronavirus, is the leading...
PLOS951	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Inbreeding occurs when genetic relatives have offspring. Because all humans are related to one another, even if very distantly, all people are inbred to various degrees. From a genetic standpoint, it is well known that inbreeding increases the risk that a child will have a rare recessive genetic disease, but there is a...
PLOS952	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Many free-living bacteria are known to commonly lose large portions of their genomes, but it is unclear what evolutionary forces drive these changes. Is this due to random loss in small populations, as is thought to be the case for the extreme genome degradation of intracellular symbionts, or due to selection? And if i...
PLOS953	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Diabetes, a well-known risk factor for tuberculosis, is increasingly prevalent in countries with a high tuberculosis burden. In order to curb the dual epidemic of diabetes and tuberculosis, there is an urgent need for evidence that clarifies whether glycemic control affects the risk of tuberculosis. To date, few studie...
PLOS954	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	We have found that three species of fruit fly evolve resistance to parasitic wasps (parasitoids) by increasing investment in their immune defences but they achieve this in different ways. Resistance always involved increases in the number of the circulating hemocytes, which are the blood cells that kill parasitoids. Ho...
PLOS955	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	With the advantages of higher sensitivity and simpler ease of use over stool examination, antibody-detection methods have been integrated into programs for schistosomiasis control in the People's Republic of China after the notable decrease of prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma japonicum infection. We compared the...
PLOS956	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Over 112 million people worldwide are infected with Schistosoma haematobium worms. S. haematobium eggs tend to be deposited in the tissue of pelvic organs such as the urinary bladder, lower ureters, cervix and vagina. Key sequelae include hematuria, dysuria, urinary frequency, and an increased risk of bladder cancer. T...
PLOS957	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Energy homeostasis is a vital prerequisite for optimal nutrient utilization and prolonged survival in an environment with fluctuating and frequently scarce food resources. Numerous studies have elucidated the important roles of mitochondrial energy in fasting status but less is known about the role of mitochondria in f...
PLOS958	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing global public health problem and disproportionately affects populations of African ancestry. Many studies have shown that genetic variants are associated with the development of CKD; however, similar studies are lacking in African ancestry populations. The CARe consortium c...
PLOS959	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus that infects more than 90% of the adult human population in the world. EBV usually infects B lymphocytes and does not produce symptoms in infected individuals, but in rare occasions it infects T or NK lymphocytes and causes severe diseases such as chronic activ...
PLOS960	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Neisseria meningitidis is a globally important pathogen that causes 2,000–3,000 cases of invasive meningococcal disease annually in the United Kingdom. The meningococcal Opa proteins are important in mediating adhesion to and invasion of human tissues, and are important for evasion of the host immune response. They are...
PLOS961	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Most microorganisms adhere to surfaces in nature, leading to formation of complex communities called biofilms. Pathogen adherence to medical devices is the basis for device-associated infection. We have focused on the control of adherence in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. We find that this process is under contr...
PLOS962	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is caused by the establishment of Taenia solium larvae in the human central nervous system. While NCC diagnosis, treatment, and prevention have clearly improved in the last 40 years, the disease still causes significant morbidity and mortality in endemic regions of Latin America, Asia, and Afri...
PLOS963	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, has been a problem in Madagascar since it was introduced in 1898. It mainly affects the central highlands, but also has caused several large outbreaks in the port city of Mahajanga, after it was reintroduced there in the 1990s. Despite its prevalence, the genetic diversi...
PLOS964	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Mosquitoes ingest large amounts of blood, a rich and abundant source of energy to sustain egg production. Blood digestion offers challenges to the insect, like managing high concentrations of heme and iron, pro-oxidant and potentially toxic molecules derived from hemoglobin. Mosquitoes and other blood-feeding arthropod...
PLOS965	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Nucleosomes are the protein-DNA complexes underlying Eukaryotic genome organization, and serve as regulators of gene expression by occluding DNA to other proteins. This regulation requires the precise positioning of nucleosomes along DNA. Chromatin remodelers are the molecular machines that consume ATP to slide nucleos...
PLOS966	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Rodents are natural reservoirs of mammarenavirus. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), isolated in Asian countries during the 1990s, has a worldwide distribution and was the first mammarenavirus isolated. In 2014, a second mammarenavirus, Wēnzhōu virus (WENV), was identified in rodents in Zhejiang Province of Chi...
PLOS967	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	During development, the bipotential fetal gonad can commit to the testis fate or to the ovary fate. Mutation of the epigenetic regulator CBX2 leads to ovary development in XY embryos, suggesting a critical role for chromatin remodeling during sex determination. However, the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate the testi...
PLOS968	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Meiosis is a critical event in sexual reproduction. During meiosis, chromosomes recombine and segregate twice consecutively to produce haploid daughter cells, which differentiate into gametes. In humans, errors in meiosis are the leading causes of congenital birth defects. In plants, bypassing the meiotic program can l...
PLOS969	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Control and development of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) are dependent on the host immunological response. One of the key molecules in determining elimination of Leishmania parasites from the infected host cell is the cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-γ). The aim of this study was to investigate which immune response genes...
PLOS970	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	In animal cells, the last step of cell division, or cytokinesis, requires the action of a contractile ring—composed largely of actin and myosin filaments—that cleaves the cell in two. Before the cell divides, it first duplicates its genome and separates the chromosomes into the two newly forming daughter cells, a task ...
PLOS971	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The absolute number of persons with dementia is rising due to a growing and ageing population. Recent studies showed a decline in dementia incidence rates that might be attributed to improved vascular care and better education in more recent years. Available studies were based on relatively small samples collected in s...
PLOS972	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Infection with the hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a world-wide health burden, the infection becomes persistent in the majority of cases. In chronic patients HCV-specific immune responses are weak, HCV-specific CD8+ T cells were shown to be functionally exhausted a...
PLOS973	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Zoonotic viral infections represent a major threat to public health. For many viruses, host species-specific difference in viral entry receptors presents a major hurdle for cross-species transmission. Poxviruses, however, can enter nearly any animal cell. Why many poxviruses show strict host species specificity and wha...
PLOS974	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	DNA methylation in bacteria plays important roles in cell division, DNA repair, regulation of gene expression, and pathogenesis. Here, we use a novel sequencing technique, Single-Molecule Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing, to determine the methylomes of two related human pathogen species, Mycoplasma genitalium G-37 and Mycop...
PLOS975	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Flaviviruses include emerging pathogens such as WNV, DENV, and ZIKV that threaten global health. Despite causing significant morbidity, effective vaccines or therapeutic agents to protect humans against many flaviviruses are lacking. Because of the importance of antibodies in flavivirus immunity and vaccine protection,...
PLOS976	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Melioidosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative environmental bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Since the clinical presentations of melioidosis are extremely variable and no specific signs or symptoms exist, early laboratory-based diagnosis is highly desirable to start appropriate a...
PLOS977	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The single-celled parasite Trypanosoma cruzi occurs in mammals and insect vectors in the Americas. When transmitted to humans it causes Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) a major public health problem. T. cruzi is genetically diverse and currently split into six groups, known as TcI to TcVI. Multilocus sequence ...
PLOS978	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Only adult female mosquitoes, which require blood meals for reproduction, bite humans and spread diseases. The genes that regulate development of sex-specific traits may therefore represent novel targets for mosquito control. Here, we examine the effects of silencing the sex-determination gene doublesex (dsx) during de...
PLOS979	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Sap/blood-feeding arthropods are major vectors of viruses that infect plants and vertebrates. Studies on the insect midgut, the first barrier for virus transmission, and its interactions with viruses and parasites are fundamental to understanding the transmission mechanism in vector insects and the epidemics caused by ...
PLOS980	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Leptospirosis, caused by Leptospira, is one of the most important neglected emerging zoonotic diseases that has important impacts on public health worldwide. An urgent need exists for novel therapeutic agents directed against Leptospira without severe side-effects. This study demonstrates the efficacy of a rabbit polyc...
PLOS981	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Mycobacterium ulcerans causes a destructive skin disease known as Buruli ulcer (BU), which has been reported from more than 30 tropical or subtropical countries, with the highest prevalence in Western Africa. Due to the striking genetic monomorphism of African M. ulcerans populations, conventional genetic fingerprintin...
PLOS982	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Quorum sensing is a relevant mechanism of communication dependent on population density that controls cell development and pathogenesis in microorganisms including fungi. We describe a quorum sensing mediated by the release of aromatic alcohols in the growth medium that blocks hyphal development in the fission yeast Sc...
PLOS983	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Chronic pain is a factor in diseases that afflict many people, yet the underlying causes of pain are poorly understood. Here we assess the effects of virus infections on pain sensitivity in mice. Infecting mice with two different viruses, influenza and mouse leukemia virus (MuLV) increased pain sensitivity. Influenza i...
PLOS984	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, an endemic zoonosis present in some countries of South and Central Americas. The World Health Organization estimates that 100 million people are at risk of acquiring this disease. The infection affects mainly muscle tissues in the heart and diges...
PLOS985	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	HIV-1 remains a significant global health threat, with no effective vaccine against the virus currently available. Since traditional vaccine design efforts have had limited success, much effort in recent years has focused on gaining a better understanding of the ways select individuals are able to effectively neutraliz...
PLOS986	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Bacteria belonging to the genus Salmonella are capable of causing long-term chronic systemic infections in specific hosts where they are shed in the feces. These persistently infected individuals include typhoid carriers and they serve as a reservoir for disease transmission. Despite the importance of Salmonella as a h...
PLOS987	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Lafora disease (LD) is a fatal epilepsy that afflicts previously normal teenagers. It is caused by mutations in the EPM2A or EPM2B genes encoding the laforin carbohydrate-binding phosphatase and the malin E3 ubiquitin ligase. LD is the most common neurodegenerative epilepsy of adolescents. Affected children suffer an o...
PLOS988	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Trachoma programs currently use the clinical sign of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) to guide community treatment decisions and evaluate response to mass drug administration with azithromycin. These programs rely on clinical grading that poorly correlates with infection with the causative agent of trachoma, C...
PLOS989	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Genome sequencing has led to the discovery of many new gene products, proteins. These discoveries hold tremendous potential for totally new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of disease. To realize this potential, one important step is to understand the function of the thousands of proteins whose function is cur...
PLOS990	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level and have emerged as key players in regulating plant growth, development and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Accumulating evidences suggest that miRNAs are pivotal modulators of host–virus interactions, but how viru...
PLOS991	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Vaccines are the only medical products that should be administered to almost every human worldwide, and it is well-known that they act by inducing so-called “memory” cells that can protect against subsequent encounter with the related micro-organism. Surprisingly, we do not understand precisely how these memory cells w...
PLOS992	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Fever is a complex reaction triggered in response to pathogen infection. It induces diverse effects on the human body and especially on the immune system. The functions of immune cells are positively affected by fever, helping them to fight infection. Fever consists in a physiological elevation of temperature and in in...
PLOS993	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a fatal, vector-borne tropical disease that affects the poorest sections of the society. The currently available drugs are toxic, expensive and have severe side effects. The problem is further compounded by emergence of VL-HIV co-infection and occurence of PKDL after apparent cure. Thus, ...
PLOS994	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Mycobacteria, like all peptidoglycan-containing bacteria, must extend and cleave the surrounding structurally rigid layer of peptidoglycan to grow and divide. The peptidoglycan hydrolases responsible for this cleavage often have redundant functions, both revealing their importance and making them difficult to study. Fu...
PLOS995	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The demographic history of our species is reflected in patterns of genetic variation within and among populations. We developed an efficient method for calculating the expected distribution of genetic variation, given a demographic model including such events as population size changes, population splits and joins, and...
PLOS996	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Hair plays an important role in primates and is clearly subject to adaptive selection. While humans have lost most facial hair, eyebrows are a notable exception. Eyebrow thickness is heritable and widely believed to be subject to sexual selection. Nevertheless, few genomic studies have explored its genetic basis. Here ...
PLOS997	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The human whipworm Trichuris trichiura is together with the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides and the hookworms Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator Americanus the most common intestinal worms worldwide. Together they place more than 5 billion people at risk of infection. The current global control strategy against these wor...
PLOS998	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Clinical management of upper and lower respiratory tract diseases caused by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is a significant socioeconomic burden. Therapies targeting the pathogenic lifestyle of NTHI remain non-existent due to a lack of understanding of host microenvironmental cues and bacterial responses tha...
PLOS999	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The need for the construction of a dengue ontology arose through the fact that the incidence of dengue fever is on the rise across the world; the number of cases may be three to four times higher than the 100 million estimated by the WHO and a vaccine is still not available in spite of the significant efforts undertake...

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