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tuberculosis ( tb ) is caused by the mycobacterium tuberculosis , a member of the m. tuberculosis complex ( mtbc ) . according to the world health organization ( who )
, in 2010 , there were an estimated 12.0 million prevalent cases of tb ( equivalent to 178 cases per 100000 individuals ) and approximately 1.4 millio... | background : tuberculosis ( tb ) remains as one of the most serious infectious diseases in the world .
pulmonary tuberculosis can occur with other pulmonary diseases caused by opportunistic organisms such as nocardia spp . particularly in immunocompromised patients .
therefore , diagnosis of co - infection at the e... |
proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( h mrs ) is a noninvasive technique that allows us to provide an in vivo assessment of brain tissue composition and this gives us an insight into the metabolic processes of neurologic disorders ( 1 , 2 ) .
this technique 's ability to obtain good spatial localization and serial... | this study was conducted to investigate the metabolic changes in the motor and motor association cortices following axonal injury in the internal capsule that was caused by deep intracerebral hematoma . using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1h mrs )
, the authors studied the primary motor cortices ( m-1 ) an... |
conversion disorder has one or more symptoms that affect voluntary motor or sensory function suggesting a neurological or other medical condition , but they are inconsistent with known neurological or musculoskeletal pathologies .
instead , the symptoms are due to an unconscious expression of a psychological conflict... | conversion disorders are more prevalent in childhood and adolescence , especially in females .
they are usually associated with stressors and symptoms usually reflect a means to avoid the stressor , or also with a primary and secondary gain . this case report involves a similar situation where a young girl was treate... |
the study protocol was approved by the institutional review board of kim 's eye hospital , seoul , korea .
all participants provided informed consent prior to enrollment and all procedures conformed to the guidelines of the declaration of helsinki . from june 2006 to july 2011 , 134 eyes from 132 patients who underwe... | purposeto compare the success rates , complications , and visual outcomes between silicone ahmed glaucoma valve ( agv ) implantation with 96 mm2 ( fp8 ) or 184 mm2 ( fp7 ) surface areas.methodsthis study is a retrospective review of the records from 132 adult patients ( 134 eyes ) that underwent silicone agv implant su... |
the use of dental implants to support and retain dental prostheses has been demonstrated to be clinically efficacious .
a precise fit between an implant abutment and a superstructure , determining the absence of bone tension , without the occlusal load , is an important factor for the long - term success of implant -... | objectives : this study assessed the effect of cast rectifiers on the marginal misfit of cast ucla abutments compared to premachined ucla abutments .
the influence of casting and porcelain baking on the marginal misfit of these components was also investigated.methods:two groups were analyzed : test group 10 cast uc... |
diabetic neuropathy is a leading complication of diabetes mellitus , resulting in significant morbidity and mortality .
although its exact pathogenesis is not fully understood , hyperglycemia does not appear to be the sole factor in the development of neuropathy in diabetic patients .
enigmatically , recent reports... | diabetic neuropathic pain is reduced with tight glycemic control .
however , strict control increases the risk of hypoglycemic episodes , which are themselves linked to painful neuropathy .
this study explored the effects of hypoglycemia - related painful neuropathy .
pretreatment with coenzyme q10 ( coq10 ) was ... |
it is estimated that between 1.0 and 1.5 million individuals are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) in the united states , with the majority likely to develop acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( aids ) in the next decade .
by mid-1988 over 57,000 cases of aids had been reported to the centers for... | the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( aids ) epidemic represents a growing challenge for the health care system and for case management models applied to persons with aids .
the experience of san francisco highlights some of the issues involved in developing a case management system appropriate to the needs of per... |
obesity is considered a major health problem and its prevalence has increased dramatically in the last decades , corresponding to the 36.9% of the men and the 38.0% of women worldwide .
obesity is usually accompanied by other diseases , the most common being type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2d ) , insulin resistance ( ir ... | obesity is considered a major health problem .
however , mechanisms involved and its comorbidities are not elucidated .
recent theories concerning the causes of obesity have focused on a limit to the functional capacity of adipose tissue , comparing it with other vital organs .
this assumption has been the centra... |
intestinal pseudo - obstruction ( ipso ) is defined as ineffective intestinal propulsion which occurs in the absence of mechanical or obstructive factors ( 1 ) .
cases , in whom ipso is the primary clinical feature , are typically associated with connective tissue diseases .
however , ipso presenting as the first m... | intestinal pseudo - obstruction ( ipso ) and acute lupus pneumonitis ( alp ) are uncommon severe complications of systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) .
the present study reports the case of a 26-year - old female who presented with abdominal pain , nausea and vomiting as initial symptoms .
computed tomography ( ct... |
military personnel face multiple stressors in their lives.1,2 studies have reported that stress occurs from risky assignments or missions,35 the demand for physical fitness , problems in interactions with peers and those of higher rank,6 sleep deprivation from shift work,7,8 deployment and separation from family,9 and ... | objectivethe mental health of military personnel varies as a result of different cultural , political , and administrative factors .
the purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychological morbidity and quality of life of military personnel in taiwan.materials and methodsthis cross - sectional study utilized the ... |
the amateur wrestling community and maybe the entire sports community across the world were
shocked by the deaths of 3 college wresters in the usa in six weeks in 1997 .
the deaths of
the athletes were attributed by autopsy to weight - loss performed in a short time the victims
having undergone dehydration of u... | [ purpose ] the present study aimed to identify weight - loss and hydration levels before
competitions among elite wrestlers and determine the skeletal muscle damage and
inflammation levels after dehydration .
[ subjects ] seventy - two elite wrestlers who
participated in the turkish wrestling championship . [ ... |
primary spinal cord tumors represent 4.5% of all cns neoplasms and the most common tumor type is meningioma ( 24.4% ) ( 1 ) .
spinal meningiomas are more common in elderly patients , mean age varying from 56 up to 66 years in different studies ( 3 - 6 ) ; in sandalcioglu et al.s study , the age range was 17 to 88 yea... | backgroundpostoperative outcome of spinal meningiomas is an important issue in surgery decision - making .
there are limited and conflicting data in the literature about the prognostic factors influencing recovery , especially about the histopathologic subtypes.objectivesthis study was carried out to evaluate the eff... |
cystic fibrosis ( cf ) is a fatal disorder characterized by chronic and progressive lung disease that determines morbidity and mortality of these patients .
airways of cf patients show a chronic nonresolving neutrophilic inflammation , which increases upon infection and disease progression .
neutrophil products , s... | chronic obstructive lung disease determines morbidity and mortality of patients with cystic fibrosis ( cf ) .
cf airways are characterized by a nonresolving neutrophilic inflammation . after pathogen contact or prolonged activation , neutrophils release dna fibres decorated with antimicrobial proteins , forming neutr... |
parenting stress escalates at a much faster rate among mothers of disabled children in
comparison to mothers of non - disabled children .
the
addition of a disabled child to a family requires parents to adopt new roles and
responsibilities and , in turn , creates a change in the function of the family system . ... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this research was two - fold : ( 1 ) to evaluate the effects of
father s parenting participation on parenting stress among mothers with disabled children
and ( 2 ) more specifically , to investigate the importance of fathers parenting
participation in decreasing mothers parenting stress... |
progressive nodular histiocytosis ( pnh ) is a rare normolipemic macrophage disorder first described by taunton et al . , in 1978 .
it belongs to a subgroup of non - langerhans cell histiocytosis ( lchs ) , the juvenile xanthogranuloma ( jxg ) family , which includes xanthoma disseminatum ( xd ) , benign cephalic his... | progressive nodular histiocytosis ( pnh ) is a rare normolipemic macrophage disorder and belongs to a subgroup of non - langerhans cell histiocytosis ( lchs ) which is characterized by a progressive course with no sign of spontaneous resolution but without systemic involvement .
we report a 30-year - old gentleman wh... |
desmoplastic fibroma ( df ) , a benign locally aggressive lesion of the bone is recognized as an intra - osseous counterpart of soft tissue fibromatosis and is usually seen affecting the long bones , pelvis and only occasionally presents itself as a jaw lesion .
mandible is most commonly affected when compared to the... | desmoplastic fibroma ( df ) is a benign intra - osseous neoplasm , that is , recognized as the intra - osseous counterpart of soft tissue fibromatosis in both gnathic and extra - gnathic sites .
it has a propensity for locally aggressive behavior and local recurrence .
an occurrence of intra - osseous lesion other ... |
in japan , elderly individuals defined as people aged 65 years or more are known to account
for more than 25% of the population . as people age , there is a concomitant decrease in
muscle strength1 .
this age - related change
affects their ability to walk2 . as the
ability to walk of the elderly decreases
... | [ purpose ] this study examined the relationships between joint moment and the control of
the vertical ground reaction force during walking in the elderly and young male and female
individuals . [ subjects and methods ] forty elderly people , 65 years old or older ( 20 males
and 20 females ) , and 40 young peopl... |
the economic impact of influenza is immense due to the large number of lost working hours , hospitalizations , further medical complications , and treatment costs .
although vaccines against influenza exist , the rapid mutation of influenza virus calls for constant surveillance and annual vaccine reformulation .
a ... | flukb is a knowledge - based system focusing on data and analytical tools for influenza vaccine discovery .
the main goal of flukb is to provide access to curated influenza sequence and epitope data and enhance the analysis of influenza sequence diversity and the analysis of targets of immune responses .
flukb cons... |
nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( npc ) is an endemic disease within specific regions in the world .
the highest incidence is found among southern chinese people , especially those of cantonese origin , whereas among caucasians from north american and other western countries it is sporadic .
radiation therapy ( rt ) , alo... | intrathoracic endotracheal metastasis from a very distant site is extremely rare .
we report the first case of such a disease in a 68-year - old man with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who presented with a cough and hemoptysis 34 months after finishing radiotherapy . prior to tracheal metastasis
, he developed a solitary... |
though the exact incidence is unknown , it ranges from 3 - 10% in nulliparous population . it is a significant public health threat globally contributing greatly to maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity .
extensive changes occur in the kidneys as part of the end - organ damage in preeclampsia .
proteinuria... | background : it is well - known that estimation of 24-h urine protein and spot urine protein / creatinine ( p / c ) ratio are commonly performed investigations to assess proteinuria in preeclamptic women .
serum uric acid has been shown to correlate well with disease severity in preeclampsia.materials and methods : a... |
acute liver failure ( alf ) can be caused by the ingestion of mushrooms containing exceptionally powerful hepatotoxins . among mushroom intoxications ,
the amatoxin syndrome is of primary importance because it accounts for about 90% of fatalities .
it is characterized by an asymptomatic incubation period followed b... | mushroom poisoning is a relatively rare cause of acute liver failure ( alf ) .
the present paper analyzes the pathogenesis , clinical features , prognostic indicators , and therapeutic strategies of alf secondary to ingestion of amanita phalloides , which represents the most common and deadly cause of mushroom poison... |
exogenous endophthalmitis generally arises from a direct breech of external - ocular barrier as a complication of ocular trauma or intraocular surgery .
endogenous endophthalmitis is a rare form of endophthalmitis as it accounts for only 28% of all endophthalmitis cases [ 1 , 2 ] .
endogenous endophthalmitis is cau... | purpose . to evaluate the clinical features , microbiological spectrum , and treatment outcomes of endogenous endophthalmitis
. methods .
retrospective review of consecutive cases with infective endogenous endophthalmitis presenting from 2000 to 2007 .
the main outcome measure was the visual outcome at the latest... |
disc herniation protrudes mediolaterally into the spinal canal , the migration of the lumbar intervertebral disc fragment to the posterior epidural space is a rare event .
rapid advances in neurosurgical knowledge and technology are putting increased pressure on neurosurgeons to process huge quantities of information... | disc fragments are well known to migrate to superior , inferior , or lateral sites in the anterior epidural space , posterior epidural migrated lumbar disc fragments is an extremely rare disorder , 61 cases have been reported to date .
however , there were no cases with perforated ligamentum flavum ( lf ) .
we repo... |
permanent pacemaker implantation is one of the most important treatments for patients with clinically - significant atrioventricular block ( avb ) , but reversible causes should be evaluated and managed before considering pacemaker implantation .
mosseri et al.1 ) reported that conduction disturbances were more frequ... | background and objectivesthe causal relationship of clinically - significant atrioventricular block ( avb ) and coronary artery disease ( cad ) is uncertain .
we investigated whether cad is related to irreversible avb that requires treatment with a permanent pacemaker.subjects and methodswe included 188 consecutive p... |
end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) is a major healthcare problem worldwide , especially in developing countries .
according to centers for disease control and prevention ( cdc ) , more than 10% , or more than 20 million , people aged 20 years and older in the usa have chronic kidney diseases ( ckd ) . in india , due ... | nutrition is one of the key parameters in predicting morbidity and mortality in patients with end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) on hemodialysis .
body weight , body mass index , and visceral protein levels ( serum protein , albumin , prealbumin , and transferrin ) have traditionally been used as markers for nutritio... |
there have been questions about its class i versus ii versus iii classification , or it being a lever in the first place [ 1416 ] and the loading assumptions .
but it is the lever model , coupled with the bending beam analogy of the mandible that form the foundation of the generally accepted ( longitudinal ) stre... | objectives . the purpose of this analytical study was to examine and critique the engineering foundations of
commonly accepted biomechanical principles of mandible fracture repair .
materials and methods .
basic principles of static equilibrium were applied to intact and plated mandibles , but instead of the trad... |
saccades are described as fast eye movements in which a target is tracked by registering the image of that target on the fovea .
the saccade neural network requires involvement of a series of neurons designed to imitate the behavior of actual neuronal populations in the horizontal saccade controller . a generic neuro... | a neural network model of biophysical neurons in the midbrain is presented to drive a muscle fiber oculomotor plant during horizontal monkey saccades .
neural circuitry , including omnipause neuron , premotor excitatory and inhibitory burst neurons , long lead burst neuron , tonic neuron , interneuron , abducens nucl... |
electronic cigarettes are battery - operated devices that deliver nicotine to the lungs by evaporation of a liquid .
chronic idiopathic neutrophilia is a condition characterized by elevated white blood cell and neutrophil counts without any underlying disease ; smoking has been implicated as a potential cause .
a m... | introduction : smoking is a major risk factor for a variety of diseases . electronic cigarettes are battery - operated devices that deliver nicotine to the lungs by evaporation of a liquid .
chronic idiopathic neutrophilia is a condition characterized by elevated white blood cell and neutrophil counts without any und... |
based on the results of 5 randomized clinical trials ( rcts ) , mechanical thrombectomy using the stent - retriever has been approved as standard treatment for acute anterior circulation stroke due to occlusions of the internal carotid artery ( ica ) or the m1 segment of the middle cerebral artery ( mca ) .
recent st... | background and purpose predictive factors associated with stent - retriever thrombectomy for patients with acute anterior circulation stroke remain to be elucidated . this study aimed to investigate clinical and procedural factors predictive of good outcome and mortality after stent - retriever thrombectomy in a large ... |
a 65-year - old man with intermittent , colicky periumbilical pain which first occurred two months earlier was admitted to hospital .
he had an eight - year history of congestive heart failure caused by mitral valvular regurgitation and atrial fibrillation .
he was nonalcoholic , and there was no history of diarrhe... | phlegmonous enteritis is a rare infective inflammatory disease of the intestine , predominantly involving the submucosal layer .
it is difficult to diagnose and often fatal .
its association with alcoholism and various liver diseases , although rarely reported , is well documented .
we report a case of phlegmonou... |
neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood and accounts for 7% of malignancies in patients younger than 15 years .
it originates from the sympathetic nervous system , and in particular from a developing and incompletely committed precursor cell derived from neural - crest tissues .
neuro... | neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood .
its presenting signs and symptoms may be highly variable , depending on the location of the primary tumor and its local or metastatic diffusion and , rarely , with paraneoplastic syndrome such as opsoclonus - myoclonus - ataxia syndrome and gast... |
mature mirnas are short single - stranded rna molecules , approximately 1923 nucleotides in length .
the mirna sequence is encoded in a stem - loop structure in the primary transcript that is cleaved in the nucleus by the ribonuclease iii enzyme drosha to form the precursor mirna ( pre - mirna ) .
the pre - mirna i... | micrornas ( mirnas ) are a class of recently identified noncoding rnas that regulate gene expression at posttranscriptional level . due to the large number of genes regulated by mirnas ,
mirnas play important roles in many cellular processes .
emerging evidence indicates that mirnas are dysregulated in pituitary ad... |
altmetrics creates a new approach to evaluating the impact of publications by considering the number of downloads , shares , and discussions on social networks.1 this approach does not replace the traditional bibliometric indicators , such as impact factor and h - index , but rather focuses on new aspects of publicatio... | in this study , we investigated the impact of scientific publications of the italian simpar ( study in multidisciplinary pain research ) group by using altmetrics , defined as nontraditional metrics constituting an alternative to more traditional citation - impact metrics , such as impact factor and h - index . by corr... |
clinical presentation is variable and may include : skin manifestations like recurrent oral or genital ulcers as well as , cns , articular , and ocular signs as described by the international study group of behet 's disease as the key diagnostic features1 ) .
diverse vasculopathies and thrombophilia of any size and i... | behet 's disease with concomitant thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura ( ttp ) , coronary artery stenosis and coronary artery pseudo aneurysm is rare .
here we report a case of behet 's disease with several cardiovascular complications , namely : pericarditis , deep vein thrombosis ( dvt ) , ttp , coronary artery sten... |
like most other cells and organisms , bacteria and archaea need to handle the threat of viral infection that kill the organism or reduce their fitness .
it matters little how successful an organisms is at other aspects of its life if it can not deal with its viruses . that fact contributes to the multitude of anti - ... | abstractvirus - host interaction is a key process in understanding the ecology and evolution of life .
the study of the crispr - cas rna - guided adaptive immune systems of bacteria and archaea has added to our understanding of the virus defense mechanisms of microorganisms .
the molecular details of the crispr - c... |
two classes of agents ,
those targeting the m2 ion - channel and those
targeting neuramindase , are available to treat or prevent influenza
infection . the emergence of resistance to the m2 ion - channel inhibiting
drugs , amantadine and rimantadine ,
has limited their clinical utility . resistance to neurami... | seasonal
and pandemic influenza outbreaks remain a major human
health problem .
inhibition of the endonuclease activity of influenza
rna - dependent rna polymerase is attractive for the development of
new agents for the treatment of influenza infection .
our earlier studies
identified a series of 5- and 6... |
a 57-year - old woman was admitted to our hospital for further evaluation of a mass located in the upper abdomen , and this mass was incidentally detected by an abdominal ultrasound exam during a medical checkup .
the patient presented with recurrent abdominal distension without any other complaints . her medical his... | extragonadal yolk sac tumor ( yst ) is a relatively rare entity .
we describe here the case of an extragonadal yst that occurred in the pancreas with hepatic metastasis in an adult woman .
the contrast enhanced ct images of the abdomen revealed a heterogeneous , solitary mass occupying the pancreatic neck and body ... |
rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) is the most common rheumatoid condition and affects approximately 2% of adult population .
the onset of the disease usually takes place between the 45 and 55 year of age and , if not diagnosed early , it rapidly leads to permanent deformities of the motor organs .
the most frequently aff... | ultrasound examination is becoming more and more common in patients with rheumatoid diseases .
above all , it enables the assessment of articular soft tissues and constitutes a non - invasive examination . in a rheumatologist 's everyday practice ,
it is conducted at the stage of initial diagnosis as well as to mon... |
osteoarthritis ( oa ) is the most common form of arthritis and the leading cause of disability , especially among older adults .
the disease process leads to limitation of joint movement , joint deformity , tenderness , inflammation , and severe pain .
oa is characterized by progressive loss of cartilage from the a... | summarybackgroundcelecoxib has a positive effect on human osteoarthritic cartilage , but the mechanisms remain unclear .
the aim of this study was to test whether celecoxib could inhibit the apoptosis of chondrocyte and ameliorate type ii collagen synthesis to relieve symptoms of oa ( osteoarthritis).material / metho... |
although the introduction of dopamine agonists in the management of acromegaly has opened new doors for a non - invasive approach to this clinical problem , this therapy has not proved wholly satisfactory .
long - term treatment with such compounds has resulted in normalization of levels of plasma growth hormone in a... | recently , sms 201 - 995 , a long acting somatostatin analogue , has been used in successful therapy for inhibition of growth hormone ( gh ) levels in acromegaly .
but , it was reported that inhibitory and clinical effects in the individual patient were different in many cases . therefore , to find the predictive fac... |
the potential relevance of endothelial activation biomarkers to sepsis has been raised in both this journal and others [ 1 - 3 ] .
biomarkers for sepsis associated with the endothelial glycocalyx remain relatively unknown , however , and this commentary attempts to reverse this omission .
the term glycocalyx ( swee... | sepsis is the third largest cause of death in industrialised countries , but treatment remains largely supportive and effective therapeutic interventions are urgently needed .
disruption and dysfunction of the microvascular endothelium leading directly or indirectly to multiple organ failure are now recognised to und... |
aldose reductase ( ar ) is a key enzyme in the polyol pathway known to play important roles in the cataract formation and the pathogenesis of diabetic complications such as neuropathy , nephropathy , and retinopathy .
several naturally occurring and synthetic ar inhibitors with diverse structures have been studied in... | to evaluate the aldose reductase ( ar ) enzyme inhibitory ability of prunella vulgaris l. extract , six compounds were isolated and tested for their effects .
the components were subjected to in vitro bioassays to investigate their inhibitory assays using rat lens aldose reductase ( rar ) and human recombinant ar ( r... |
the city of toronto is canada 's largest city , with a population of 2 503 281.20 the city of toronto was formed in 1998 through an amalgamation of metropolitan toronto and six municipalities that collectively represent the inner suburban part of a much larger urbanised region called the greater toronto area.21 a qua... | objectiveto determine whether pedestrian countdown signals ( pcs ) reduce pedestrian
motor vehicle collisions in the city of toronto , canada.methodsa quasi - experimental study design was used to evaluate the effect of pcs on the number of pedestrian motor vehicle collisions in the city of toronto , from january 20... |
briefly , the reveal registry is a multicenter observational , prospective registry involving 55 university - affiliated and community hospital - based pulmonary hypertension centers in the united states .
each of the participating sites received institutional review board approval ( e - table 1 ) .
patients wit... | background : hospitalization is an important outcome in pulmonary arterial hypertension ( pah ) , shown previously to correlate with survival . using the registry to evaluate early and long - term pah disease management ( reveal registry ) , we sought to characterize first - time hospitalizations and their effect on su... |
idiopathic intracranial hypertension ( iih ) , previously termed pseudotumor cerebri and benign intracranial hypertension , is a syndrome of increased intracranial pressure ( icp ) of unknown etiology , without clinical , laboratory or radiological evidence of intracranial pathology .
while the exact pathogenesis rem... | idiopathic intracranial hypertension ( iih ) is a headache syndrome with raised csf pressure in the absence of an intracranial mass lesion . though earlier confined to excluding intracranial lesions , magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) in recent years has been shown to identify intracranial changes from prolonged raise... |
schizophrenia , affecting around 1% of the population , is a severe disorder involving chronic or recurrent psychosis and long - term deterioration in functional capacity ( 1 ) .
the characteristic onset of schizophrenia in early adulthood , its lifelong course , and debilitating symptoms , plus its high burden on ca... | background : zinc can modulate fast - excitatory transmission , facilitate the release of amino butyric acid and potentiate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors . there are also emerging evidences discussing the implication of these neurotransmitters in pathophysiology of schizophrenia.objectives:the purpose of this study... |
the findings reported here draw on answers to questions added to the two major cohort studies of hiv - positive people in ontario , the ontario hiv treatment network cohort study ( ocs ) ( http://www.ohtncohortstudy.ca/ ) ( n = 959 ) and the positive spaces , healthy places cohort study ( pshp ) ( http://www.pshp.ca/... | responses to the largest surveys of hiv - positive people in ontario show that most either disclose to or do not have partners who are hiv - negative or of unknown status .
non - disclosure strategies and assumptions are reported by relatively small sets of people with some variation according to employment status , ... |
the control of pain , a complex and subjective experience , is critical to clinical success in caring for patients .
opioids such as oxycodone , methadone and morphine are the recommended therapy by the world health organization and the european association for palliative care for moderate to severe pain .
however ... | physicians continue to struggle with the clinical management of pain , in part because of the large interindividual variability in the efficacy , occurrence of side effects and undesired severe adverse drug reactions from the prescribed analgesics .
pharmacogenomics , the study of how an individual 's genetic inherit... |
in many circumstances people experience external events by a number of different sensory modalities . for example , when someone is talking , there is auditory and visual information that is initially processed by specialized neural pathways . ultimately , though , the different sensory signals are integrated into a co... | it is known that the brain adaptively recalibrates itself to small ( 100 ms ) auditory visual ( av ) temporal asynchronies so as to maintain intersensory temporal coherence .
here we explored whether spatial disparity between a sound and light affects av temporal recalibration .
participants were exposed to a tra... |
transcription factors , enhancer - binding proteins and chromatin - remodeling factors all play a role in regulating gene expression .
in addition , nucleosomes , the basic structural units of chromatin , are now thought to also be involved in this process [ ( 1,2 ) ; see also ( 3,4 ) ] .
the dissociation or displa... | nucleosomes , a basic structural unit of eukaryotic chromatin , play a significant role in regulating gene expression .
we have developed a web tool based on dna sequences known from empirical and theoretical studies to influence dna bending and flexibility , and to exclude nucleosomes .
nxsensor ( available at ) f... |
the term mucosa - associated lymphoid tissue ( malt ) lymphoma was first coined by isaacson and wright1 in 1983 .
malt lymphomas can occur in many locations , including the gastrointestinal tract , salivary glands , thyroid , lung , and breast .
it is histologically characterized by lymphoepithelial lesions and lym... | mucosa - associated lymphoid tissue ( malt ) lymphomas are characterized by lymphoepithelial lesions pathologically .
colonic malt lymphomas are relatively rarer than lymphomas of the stomach or small intestine .
endoscopically , colonic malt lymphoma frequently appears as a nonpedunculated protruding polypoid mass... |
autogenous grafting is the most commonly used surgical procedure for bone reconstruction
due to its advantages in comparison with other graft materials , such as biocompatibility
and bone regeneration potential .
several possibilities are reported by the literature for atrophic jaws reconstruction ,
and among t... | objectivethe purpose of this study was to perform histological and histometric analyses of
the repair process of autogenous bone grafts fixed at rat calvaria with
ethyl - cyanoacrylate adhesive .
material and methodsthirty - two rats were divided into two groups ( n=16 ) , group i - control and group
ii - adhes... |
aluminium ( al ) is ubiquitous in the environment and represents the third most common element in the earth s crust and it generally exists in a combined state with other elements .
the problem of al contamination in our environment has been around for more than 25 years , despite which , it remains a neglected probl... | summarybackgroundaluminium ( al ) is known to have neurotoxic effects that can result in oxidative damage to a range of cellular biomolecules .
these effects appear to be of significance in the developmental stages of the brain .
we therefore investigated the oxidative and histopathological damage induced by al dur... |
macula - on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment ( rd ) is a common cause of ophthalmic emergency that requires surgical treatment in a short period of time to prevent visual loss .
the annual incidence of rd varies according to the recent references between 15.4 and 18.2 per 100 000 , with a peak incidence of 52.5 p... | purpose . to quantify the frequency of visual loss after successful retinal detachment ( rd ) surgery in macula - on patients in a multicentric , prospective series of rd
. methods . clinical variables from consecutive macula - on rd patients were collected in a prospective multicentric study .
visual loss was defi... |
reactive oxygen species ( ros ) , normally produced during the aerobic metabolism , function as second messengers involved in many cellular functions . on the other hand , when ros level increases because of oxidant treatments and/or defective antioxidant systems , these highly reactive compounds and radicals become ... | diclofenac , a nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drug , induces apoptosis on the neuroblastoma cell line sh - sy5y through a mitochondrial dysfunction , affecting some antioxidant mechanisms .
indeed , the time- and dose - dependent increase of apoptosis is associated to an early enhancement of the reactive oxygen spe... |
the bacterium escherichia coli is widely used as indicator of the bacteriological condition of food and environments due to its almost exclusively fecal origin .
the presence of e. coli in fresh - marketed seafood indicates recent contamination and is usually attributed to infected handlers or storage on contaminated... | the contamination of seafood by bacteria of fecal origin , especially escherichia coli , is a widely documented sanitary problem .
the objective of the present study was to isolate e. coli strains from the gills , muscle , and body surface of farmed nile tilapias ( oreochromis niloticus ) fresh - marketed in supermar... |
the tumor produces catecholamines , such as norepinephrine and epinephrine , and leads to well - known clinical symptoms , such as hypertension , headache , sweating , palpitation , and orthostatic hypertension .
it is usually found at extra - adrenal sites and is diagnosed as a subtype of paraganglioma .
the high ... | exclusively dopamine producing retroperitoneal paragangliomas are extremely rare .
we have experienced the first korean case managed successfully based on the proper evaluation .
a 26-year - old female patient came to our attention after the accidental detection of an adrenal mass .
she had no symptoms and denied... |
venous thromboembolism ( vte ) is a term that encompasses deep vein thrombosis ( dvt ) and pulmonary embolism ( pe ) .
an evaluation of the national hospital discharge survey and census date for vte in the united states reported an annual incidence of 0.49 per 10,000 , with peak rates in the neonatal period and adole... | pulmonary thromboembolism is a very rare event in children , but the mortality rate is reported to be approximately 10% .
the majority of children with thromboemboli have multiple risk factors , such as a catheter - related thrombosis , an infection , and a congenital prothrombotic disorder .
hypereosinophilia is v... |
during recent decades , the prevalence of chronic kidney disease has dramatically been increased mainly due to the advances in treatment as well as to the aging of population .
indeed , in 2009 , half of canadian patients initiating renal replacement were over 65 years old ( 1 ) . according to estimates ,
incidence... | purpose : of this study was to explore the effect of social support on the levels of anxiety and depression of hemodialysis patients.material and methods:258 patients undergoing hemodialysis were enrolled . a questionnaire developed for the purpose of the study
was used to collect data through the interview process .... |
esophageal achalasia is a rare motility disorder of the esophagus involving the smooth muscle layer and the lower esophagus sphincter ( les ) , with its incomplete relaxation and increased tone .
this pathology is characterized by difficulty in swallowing , regurgitation , and sometimes chest pain .
specific tests ... | esophageal achalasia is a motility disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and dilatation of the distal two - thirds of the esophagus .
this condition may be a non - frequent reason of extrinsic compression of left atrium . in turn
, this can be a cause of some hemodynamic ch... |
the constant shortage of donor organs led to research into xenotransplantation , which was first reported in 1906 .
pigs are currently considered the most appropriate source of organs for xenotransplantation to humans based on several advantages , including physiological / anatomical organ similarities , reproductive... | due primarily to the increasing shortage of allogeneic donor organs , xenotransplantation has become the focus of a growing field of research .
currently , micropigs are the most suitable donor animal for humans . however , no standard method has been developed to evaluate the systemic vascular anatomy of micropigs a... |
add the appropriate pre - tested amount of caspase 3 to 20 l of 12 mg / ml pak2 in buffer a ( 50 mm tris - hcl , 150 mm nacl , and 2 mm dtt at ph 7.5 ) and incubate at 34 c for 30 min to fully cleave and activate pak2 .
analyze the cleavage products by sds - page ( 10 % ) and coommassie blue staining .
add the clea... | amide hydrogen / deuterium exchange ( h / d exchange ) coupled with mass spectrometry has been widely used to analyze the interface of protein - protein interactions , protein conformational changes , protein dynamics and protein - ligand interactions .
h / d exchange on the backbone amide positions has been utilized... |
patients , clinicians and other healthcare professionals assume that clinical laboratory tests performed by different laboratories at different times on the same sample and specimen can be compared and that results can be reliably and consistently interpreted ( 1 ) .
unfortunately , these assumptions are not always j... | according to a patient - centered viewpoint , the meaning of harmonization in the context of laboratory medicine is that the information should be comparable irrespective of the measurement procedure used and where and/or when a measurement is made .
harmonization represents a fundamental aspect of quality in laborat... |
type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by peripheral insulin resistance , defects in insulin secretion , and -cell apoptosis .
pancreatic -cell dysfunction is central to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes , and the loss of functional -cell mass in type 2 diabetes is at least in part secondary to i... | type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous disorder that develops as a result of relatively inappropriate insulin secretion and insulin resistance . increased levels of free fatty acids ( ffas ) are one of the important factors for the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and contribute to defective -cell proliferation and increase... |
activities in cells are partially specified by their respective ribonucleic acid ( rna ) content.1 with respect to mrna , at any given time , a theoretical human cell would feature the whole or some subset of all of the protein coding gene s transcripts , including all splice variants . with an estimated 21,000 coding ... | ribonucleic acids ( rna ) are hypothesized to have preceded their derivatives , deoxyribonucleic acids ( dna ) , as the molecular media of genetic information when life emerged on earth .
molecular biologists are accustomed to the dramatic effects a subtle variation in the ribose moiety composition between rna and dn... |
coronary heart diseases are responsible for almost half of all deaths in developed countries and 25% of deaths in developing countries .
open heart surgery with median sternotomy is most commonly performed on patients with blocked heart vessels .
it can impede normal respiration , deep breathing , effective coughin... | background : coughing and deep breathing after sternotomy causes severe pain .
this study was conducted to assess the effect of cold therapy on the pain in patients undergoing open heart surgery.materials and methods : in a randomized controlled trial ( rct ) with crossover design , 50 eligible and consenting patient... |
symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia ( tn ) is caused by a demonstrable structural lesion other than vascular compression , typically posterior fossa tumors or multiple sclerosis [ 1 , 2 ] .
this pain may be either persistent or intermittent , sometimes occurring in brief attacks that may reproduce tn features . here ,
... | symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia due to a brainstem infarction is said to be rare .
however , facial pain is not uncommon in wallenberg s syndrome .
facial pain related to a wallenberg s syndrome may be either persistent of intermittent , and occasionally occurs in brief attacks . here
, we report a patient with ... |
primary hyperparathyroidism ( phpt ) is a disease characterized by hypercalcemia due to autonomous production of parathyroid hormone ( pth ) .
phpt is the third most common endocrine disorder in the west after diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders .
overall , about 1% of the adults have phpt in the west , and thi... | background : although primary hyperparathyroidism ( phpt ) has become an asymptomatic disease in the west , in india , phpt is still an uncommonly diagnosed , overtly symptomatic disease with skeletal , muscular , and renal manifestations.aims:to describe the profile and surgical outcome of 78 consecutive phpt patients... |
parkinson 's disease ( pd ) is an age - related progressive neurodegenerative disorder which is associated with selective loss of dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra pars compacta region of the midbrain .
pd is broadly classified into a familial form ( resulting from genetic alterations like mutations or m... | parkinson 's disease ( pd ) is an age - related progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with selective loss of dopaminergic neurons .
the characteristic hallmark of the disease is intracytoplasmic proteinacious inclusion bodies called lewy bodies , primarily consisting of a presynaptic protein -synuclein . o... |
a stroke is a cerebrovascular event in which the supply of blood delivered to the brain is
significantly altered1,2,3 .
the resulting deficits or
impairments following stroke vary according to the location and extent of the lesion , but
often include hemiparesis , communication disorders , and cognitive deficit... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of pilates exercise on
static and dynamic balance in chronic stroke patients . [ subjects and methods ] nineteen
individuals with unilateral chronic hemiparetic stroke ( age , 64.7 6.9 years ; height ,
161.7 7.9 cm ; weight , 67.0 11.1 kg )
... |
whereas the incidence has increased from 1 in 10,000 - 50,000 spontaneous pregnancies , with assisted reproductive technology procedures , the incidence is up to 1% , a 70-fold increased risk .
there are several approaches for heterotopic cervical pregnancy management , and generally the purpose of conservative manag... | heterotopic pregnancy is rare event and the risk is increased with assisted reproductive technology procedures .
heterotopic cervical pregnancy is even more unusual .
we report a rare case of heterotopic cervical pregnancy that was managed successfully .
a 36-year - old women who conceived by ivf - icsi was diagn... |
despite the increased prevalence of weight concern and weight control practices among teenagers , obesity has been increasing steadily [ 1 , 2 ] .
females attach much importance on appearance and are preoccupied with their weight from a very young age .
on the other hand , males value a muscular physique , which th... | background .
weight - loss behaviours are highly prevalent among adolescents , and body weight perception motivates weight control practices
. however , little is known about the association of body weight perception , and weight control practices among teenagers in mauritius .
the aim of this study is to investi... |
obesity is a major cause of morbidity in canada and in many parts of the world and it is increasing worldwide . as indicated by a body mass index ( bmi ) greater than or equal to 30 kg / m , obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease , type 2 diabetes , several types of cancer , asthma , gallbladder disease ,... | objectives . to determine whether obesity correction equations for the canadian general population , which are dependent on the prevalence of obesity , are appropriate for use in atlantic canada , which has the highest obesity rates in the country . also , to compare the accuracy of the national equations to equations ... |
the main structures related to human memory are the papez circuit , the basolateral limbic circuit , and the basal forebrain , which communicate with each other through white - matter tracts .
damage to these structures ( including the communication tracts ) from hemorrhages , infarctions , and tumors can result in m... | the retrosplenial cortex is a cytoarchitecturally distinct brain structure located in the posterior cingulate gyrus and bordering the splenium , precuneus , and calcarine fissure .
functional imaging suggests that the retrosplenium is involved in memory , visuospatial processing , proprioception , and emotion.we repo... |
asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lower airways and is among the most common chronic conditions , affecting children and adults .
it is characterized by increased airway responsiveness to a variety of stimuli , resulting in airflow obstruction that is typically recurrent and reversible .
asthma treatm... | abstractobjective : to identify , characterize , and quantify associations of various factors with quality of life ( qol ) in patients with asthma , according to the pharmacotherapy employed .
methods : this was a cross - sectional study involving 49 patients ( 18 years of age ) with severe uncontrolled or refractor... |
antibiotic resistance has become one of the most important public health problems worldwide due to morbidity and mortality and healthcare costs .
although the spanish national health system ( snhs ) has a population coverage of almost 100% , 30% of all antibiotic use occurs outside the snhs and is largely due to the ... | objectivesantibiotic resistance is a major public health concern and is greatly exacerbated by inappropriate antibiotic use at a community level .
the aim of this study was to ascertain which attitudes of community pharmacists were related to inappropriate antibiotic dispensing.methodswe conducted a cross - sectional... |
morphea , also known as localized scleroderma ( ls ) , is an inflammatory skin disorder characterized by excessive collagen deposition .
it primarily affects the dermis and sometimes extends into the subcutaneous fat and fascia producing thickening and hardening of the skin due to fibrosis .
it is estimated that ap... | introductionmorphea is an inflammatory skin disorder characterized by excessive collagen deposition .
although treatment algorithms for morphea subtypes have been suggested , no consistent recommendations are available .
this study attempts to evaluate the clinical efficacy of methotrexate ( mtx ) as monotherapy in... |
this was an observational cohort study of healthy subjects , glaucoma suspects , and open - angle glaucoma ( oag ) patients enrolled from the diagnostic innovations in glaucoma study ( digs ) who completed oct - a imaging ( angiovue ; optovue , inc . ,
fremont , ca , usa ) and optic nerve head imaging using sd - oct ... | purposethe purpose of this study was to compare retinal nerve fiber layer ( rnfl ) thickness and optical coherence tomography angiography ( oct - a ) retinal vasculature measurements in healthy , glaucoma suspect , and glaucoma patients.methodstwo hundred sixty - one eyes of 164 healthy , glaucoma suspect , and open - ... |
wegener s granulomatosis ( wg ) is an uncommon necrotizing vasculitis that most commonly affects the upper airways , lungs and kidneys , but can involve any other organ .
the disease presents with varying symptoms and signs and early recognition and initiation of adequate immunomodulatory therapy are essential in lim... | wegener s granulomatosis ( wg ) is a rare , systemic vasculitis involving multiple organs .
the clinical presentation is highly diverse , and there is considerable risk of mortality if diagnosis and treatment are delayed .
we present a case illustrating that patients with wg may initially present with localized cut... |
primary spontaneous pneumothorax ( psp ) is a benign disease , usually occurring in young patients without known underlying lung disorder .
the occurrence rate is reported to be about 9 individuals per 100 000 each year .
depending on the individual severity , the therapeutic options include simple observation , ne... | background and objectives : if surgery is indicated for primary spontaneous pneumothorax ( psp ) , video - assisted thoracoscopic surgery ( vats ) using an endoscopic linear cutter to resect the involved blebs is the most popular treatment .
we tried to determine whether closure of the blebs with sutures without rese... |
the adenoma is solitary in 8590% of patients , while others have multiple adenomas or parathyroid hyperplasia .
accurate preoperative localization is essential for good surgical outcome , and inability to locate the adenoma in an ectopic gland may delay the diagnosis .
nuclear imaging accurately localizes the tumor... | primary hyperparathyroidism often presents with protean manifestations , resulting in delayed diagnosis . at times , aberrant
development and migration of the gland leads to ectopic location leading to problems in localization .
judicious use of combination methods of localization is recommended in treatment failur... |
symptomatic disc herniation located in the thoracic spine is a relatively uncommon disease with an estimated annual incidence of 1:1000 to 1:10000003,9,10 ) . on the other hand
, it is thought to represent 0.25 to 0.75% of all symptomatic disc herniations , making it common enough so that any spine surgeon will occas... | objectivesymptomatic thoracic disc herniation often requires prompt surgical treatment to prevent neurological deterioration and permanent deficits .
anterior approaches offer direct visualization and access to the herniated disc and anterior dura but require access surgeons and are often associated with considerable... |
acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis ( ahle ) is a rare fatal disease presenting with an acute onset of neurological abnormalities .
it is categorized in a group of diseases called acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ( adem ) . in this disease ,
an acute rapidly progressive hemorrhage in the white matter leads to a... | acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis ( ahle ) is a rare demyelinating disease characterized by an acute rapidly progressive fulminant inflammation of the white matter . in this case report
, we introduce a case of ahle in children with an interesting and lengthy process and successful treatment.a previously healthy 13... |
the prostate cancer is the most common malignant disease of men in western countries ( 1 ) .
its incidence is continuously increasing korea and its age - standardized incidence rates per 100,000 men was 4.6 cases , which was the 8th - highest cause among the organ - specific malignant tumors in 2007 ( 2 ) .
many pr... | we investigated the clinical significance of large difference ( 2 points ) between biopsy - derived ( bgs ) and post - prostatectomy gleason scores ( pgs ) .
at 14 medical centers in korea , 1,582 men who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer were included . according to the difference between bgs and ... |
microbiological confirmation of bacterial infection is rarely achieved in children with acute lower - respiratory - tract infections ( alrtis ) because of the inability to obtain material from the infection site ( ie , the lung ) .
treatment is , therefore , mostly empirical , which irrevocably leads to overtreatment... | we prospectively studied the feasibility and effectiveness of sputum induction in obtaining good quality sputum and its subsequent bacterial yield in children with clinically suspected acute lower - respiratory - tract infection ( alrti ) .
good quality sputum was collected in 89/98 ( 91% ) patients .
sputum cultur... |
blood pressure levels in the very elderly are more scattered than in younger elderly or middle - aged persons . after initial blood pressure increase , which occurred up to the seventh decade in both sexes ,
furthermore , levels of blood pressure in the very elderly have paradoxical inverse relationship to morbidity ... | to assess an impact of vascular risk factors on ambulatory blood pressure measurement ( abpm ) in the elderly , we followed up a population - based cohort of men from 68 until 82 years , when 104 survivors underwent abpm .
results . at age 68
, hypertension and high clinic blood pressure ( cbp ) did not predict abp... |
regenerative medicine is an emerging field of biotechnology that combines various aspects of medicine , cell and molecular biology , materials science and bioengineering in order to regenerate , repair or replace tissues .
the oral surgery and maxillofacial surgery have a role in the treatment of traumatic or degener... | regenerative medicine is an emerging field of biotechnology that combines various aspects of medicine , cell and molecular biology , materials science and bioengineering in order to regenerate , repair or replace tissues.the oral surgery and maxillofacial surgery have a role in the treatment of traumatic or degenerativ... |
dyslipidemia is a disorder of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism , including overproductivity , deficiencies , or other changes in lipid metabolism , which results in abnormal amounts of lipids and lipoproteins in the blood .
dyslipidemia can manifest as an elevation of the total cholesterol ( tc ) , low - density lipo... | backgroundabnormal lipid levels are considered one of the most significant risk factors for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease , two of the main causes of death worldwide .
apart from monogenic cases of hypercholesterolemia , most of the common dyslipidemias are caused by a number of low - impact polymorphis... |
a 27-year - old hispanic man was admitted to the queens hospital center because of cough , weakness , night sweats , and weight loss . the patient was well until 1 month before admission when he started having weakness , coughing , and sweats .
on return to the united states he saw a physician for the above symptoms ... | hodgkin s lymphoma ( hl ) originates from clonal b cells and is the most common malignancy in the second decade of life .
liver involvement is uncommon at presentation in patients with hl and there is a paucity of data for treatment of patients with severely impaired liver function .
we present an unusual case of h... |
epidemiological studies have shown that chronic inflammation predisposes individuals to various types of cancer [ 1 - 3 ] .
cancer - related inflammation affects many aspects of malignancy , including proliferation and survival of malignant cells , angiogenesis , and therapeutic response . in a previous study that ut... | purposecancer - related inflammation affects many aspects of malignancy .
we confirm the effects of early postoperative systemic inflammation on cancer prognosis.materials and methodssix hundred consecutive patients underwent surgery for colorectal cancer from 2006 to 2009 .
measurements of white blood cells , neut... |
tailgut cysts , also known as retrotrectal cystic hamartomas , are rare congenital developmental lesions arising from postnatal primitive gut remnants , that generally occur in the retrorectal space , but have also been described in prerectal and perirenal locations .
the retrorectal space is a potential space bound ... | retrorectal cystic hamartoma , also known as tailgut cyst , is a rare congenital developmental lesion arising from postnatal primitive gut remnants in the retrorectal space .
the rarity of the lesion and its anatomical position usually leads to difficulty in diagnosis and surgical management .
this cyst predominant... |
ala - al - din abu al - hassan ali ibn abi - hazm al - qarshi al - dimashqi , known as ibn al - nafis ( 1210 - 1288 ad ) , was a muslim syrian physician primarily famous for being the first to describe the pulmonary circulation of the blood .
the most voluminous of his books is alshamel fi sanaat tebbiat , which is a... | background : ala - al - din abu al - hassan ali ibn abi - hazm al - qarshi al - dimashqi , known as ibn al - nafis ( 1210 - 1288 ad ) , was a muslim syrian physician primarily famous for being the first to describe the pulmonary circulation of the blood .
the most voluminous of his books is alshamel fi sanaat tebbiat... |
fondaparinux sodium is a new synthetic , sulfated pentasaccharide , selective coagulation factor xa inhibitor , a safe and effective antithrombotic agent , which is indicated for preventing thrombus formation in patients with acute coronary syndromes , including those with st - segment elevation myocardial infarction (... | fondaparinux sodium is a synthetic , sulfated pentasaccharide , selective factor xa inhibitor , a safe and effective antithrombotic agent indicated for preventing thrombus formation in patients with acute coronary syndromes , including those with st - segment elevation myocardial infarction ( stemi ) , non - stemi ( ns... |
orotracheal intubation is not suitable for assessing the dental relationship and occlusion , and nasotracheal intubation is contraindicated in patients with nasoorbitoethmoidal fractures or fractures of the base of the skull owing to potential complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage and meningitis .
tracheo... | airway management in patients with complex maxillofacial injuries is a challenge to anesthesiologists .
submental intubation is a useful technique that is less invasive than tracheostomy in securing the airways where orotracheal and nasotracheal intubation can not be performed .
this procedure avoids the use of tra... |
fixed drug eruption ( fde ) is a distinctive variant of drug induced dermatoses characterized by sharply demarcated , erythematous patches with / without blistering that develop within hours of administration of the causative drug and heals with postinflammatory residual hyperpigmentation .
it usually recurs at the s... | fixed drug eruptions ( fde ) are the common dermatological adverse drug reaction accounts for 1621% of all cutaneous drug reactions in india .
drugs most frequently implicated in fde are antimicrobials , anticonvulsants , and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs . here , we report a rare case of bullous fde due to cip... |
fierce competition for better mating partners has been a driving force for evolution of diverse forms and behaviors in sex - related traits . during fertilization , sperms from multiple males
this natural experimentation in every single fertilization has selected sperms that work best in their fertilization environme... | sexual competition has selected a number of extreme phenotypes like the tail ornament of peacock male .
sperm tail of drosophilidae elongate up to 6 cm as a result of evolutionary selection for reproductive fitness among competing sperms .
sperm elongation takes place post meiotically and can proceed in the absence... |
ceramic and composite resin , esthetic dental materials are continuously developing to meet functional and esthetic demand .
indirect restorations require appropriate cement for long - term use in changeable oral conditions and also to meet patients esthetic expectations . in success of indirect restorations ,
it i... | aim : the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of different interface materials and curing units on color changes in a resin cement material.materials and methods : three interface materials and different curing systems , quartz - tungsten - halogen and polywave and monowave light - emitting diode ( led ) li... |
small incision cataract surgery ( sics ) with phacoemulsification is the technique of choice for cataract surgeons worldwide , especially in paid practice settings.1 hence , learning the technique for phacoemulsification is mandatory for beginners as well as experienced cataract surgeons who have not adapted to this pr... | purpose : comparison of the rates of posterior capsule rupture ( pcr ) associated with conventional versus a reverse method of teaching phacoemulsification.methods:trainees were taught conventional ( start - to - finish ) phacoemulsification beginning with an incision ( tunnel construction ) to capsulorhexis , sculptin... |
deficits in working memory ( wm ) , a limited capacity system that supports the online manipulation and temporary storage of information , are considered to be a hallmark of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , even in its earliest stages .
deficits in span tasks [ 3 , 4 ] and dual task procedures [ 5 , 6 ] emerge in the ea... | this study examines the enactment effect in early alzheimer 's disease using a novel working memory task .
free recall of action - object instruction sequences was measured in individuals with alzheimer 's disease ( n = 14 ) and older adult controls ( n = 15 ) .
instruction sequences were read out loud by the exper... |
though both minor and major spontaneous or post - operative bleeding is the most common presentation of this rare disorder , there are several case reports of thrombotic complications also .
there are few reports of myocardial infarction ( mi ) in the literature in patients of afibrinogenemia .
a 33-year - old man ... | afibrinogenemia is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1:1,000,000 .
usual presentation of this disorder is spontaneous bleeding , bleeding after minor trauma and excessive bleeding during interventional procedures .
paradoxically , few patients with afibrinogenemia may also... |
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