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Tuberculosis (tb) is caused by the mycobacterium tuberculosis, a member of the m. tuberculosis complex (mtbc). According to the world health organization (who), in 2010, there were an estimated 12.0 million prevalent cases of tb (equivalent to 178 cases per 100000 individuals) and approximately 1.4 million people died ...
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (h mrs) is a noninvasive technique that allows us to provide an in vivo assessment of brain tissue composition and this gives us an insight into the metabolic processes of neurologic disorders (1, 2). This technique's ability to obtain good spatial localization and serial measurem...
Conversion disorder has one or more symptoms that affect voluntary motor or sensory function suggesting a neurological or other medical condition, but they are inconsistent with known neurological or musculoskeletal pathologies . Instead, the symptoms are due to an unconscious expression of a psychological conflict or ...
The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board of kim's eye hospital, seoul, korea . All participants provided informed consent prior to enrollment and all procedures conformed to the guidelines of the declaration of helsinki . From june 2006 to july 2011, 134 eyes from 132 patients who underwent agv...
The use of dental implants to support and retain dental prostheses has been demonstrated to be clinically efficacious . A precise fit between an implant abutment and a superstructure, determining the absence of bone tension, without the occlusal load, is an important factor for the long - term success of implant - supp...
Diabetic neuropathy is a leading complication of diabetes mellitus, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality . Although its exact pathogenesis is not fully understood, hyperglycemia does not appear to be the sole factor in the development of neuropathy in diabetic patients . Enigmatically, recent reports have d...
It is estimated that between 1.0 and 1.5 million individuals are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the united states, with the majority likely to develop acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the next decade . By mid-1988 over 57,000 cases of aids had been reported to the centers for diseas...
Obesity is considered a major health problem and its prevalence has increased dramatically in the last decades, corresponding to the 36.9% of the men and the 38.0% of women worldwide . Obesity is usually accompanied by other diseases, the most common being type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2d), insulin resistance (ir), and ca...
Intestinal pseudo - obstruction (ipso) is defined as ineffective intestinal propulsion which occurs in the absence of mechanical or obstructive factors (1). Cases, in whom ipso is the primary clinical feature, are typically associated with connective tissue diseases . However, ipso presenting as the first manifestation...
Military personnel face multiple stressors in their lives.1,2 studies have reported that stress occurs from risky assignments or missions,35 the demand for physical fitness, problems in interactions with peers and those of higher rank,6 sleep deprivation from shift work,7,8 deployment and separation from family,9 and a...
The amateur wrestling community and maybe the entire sports community across the world were shocked by the deaths of 3 college wresters in the usa in six weeks in 1997 . The deaths of the athletes were attributed by autopsy to weight - loss performed in a short time the victims having undergone dehydration of up to 15%...
Primary spinal cord tumors represent 4.5% of all cns neoplasms and the most common tumor type is meningioma (24.4%) (1). Spinal meningiomas are more common in elderly patients, mean age varying from 56 up to 66 years in different studies (3 - 6); in sandalcioglu et al.s study, the age range was 17 to 88 years in a revi...
Cystic fibrosis (cf) is a fatal disorder characterized by chronic and progressive lung disease that determines morbidity and mortality of these patients . Airways of cf patients show a chronic nonresolving neutrophilic inflammation, which increases upon infection and disease progression . Neutrophil products, such as e...
Parenting stress escalates at a much faster rate among mothers of disabled children in comparison to mothers of non - disabled children . The addition of a disabled child to a family requires parents to adopt new roles and responsibilities and, in turn, creates a change in the function of the family system . Indeed, di...
Progressive nodular histiocytosis (pnh) is a rare normolipemic macrophage disorder first described by taunton et al ., in 1978 . It belongs to a subgroup of non - langerhans cell histiocytosis (lchs), the juvenile xanthogranuloma (jxg) family, which includes xanthoma disseminatum (xd), benign cephalic histiocytosis (bc...
Desmoplastic fibroma (df), a benign locally aggressive lesion of the bone is recognized as an intra - osseous counterpart of soft tissue fibromatosis and is usually seen affecting the long bones, pelvis and only occasionally presents itself as a jaw lesion . Mandible is most commonly affected when compared to the maxil...
In japan, elderly individuals defined as people aged 65 years or more are known to account for more than 25% of the population . As people age, there is a concomitant decrease in muscle strength1 . This age - related change affects their ability to walk2 . As the ability to walk of the elderly decreases, there is an as...
The economic impact of influenza is immense due to the large number of lost working hours, hospitalizations, further medical complications, and treatment costs . Although vaccines against influenza exist, the rapid mutation of influenza virus calls for constant surveillance and annual vaccine reformulation . A huge bod...
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) is an endemic disease within specific regions in the world . The highest incidence is found among southern chinese people, especially those of cantonese origin, whereas among caucasians from north american and other western countries it is sporadic . Radiation therapy (rt), alone or combi...
Though the exact incidence is unknown, it ranges from 3 - 10% in nulliparous population . It is a significant public health threat globally contributing greatly to maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity . Extensive changes occur in the kidneys as part of the end - organ damage in preeclampsia . Proteinuria occu...
Acute liver failure (alf) can be caused by the ingestion of mushrooms containing exceptionally powerful hepatotoxins . Among mushroom intoxications, the amatoxin syndrome is of primary importance because it accounts for about 90% of fatalities . It is characterized by an asymptomatic incubation period followed by the g...
Exogenous endophthalmitis generally arises from a direct breech of external - ocular barrier as a complication of ocular trauma or intraocular surgery . Endogenous endophthalmitis is a rare form of endophthalmitis as it accounts for only 28% of all endophthalmitis cases [1, 2]. Endogenous endophthalmitis is caused by b...
Disc herniation protrudes mediolaterally into the spinal canal, the migration of the lumbar intervertebral disc fragment to the posterior epidural space is a rare event . Rapid advances in neurosurgical knowledge and technology are putting increased pressure on neurosurgeons to process huge quantities of information, w...
Mosseri et al.1) reported that conduction disturbances were more frequent in patients with compromised blood flow of the septal branches after coronary artery bypass grafting (cabg) operation . They analyzed the association of conduction disturbance and the location of cad in 43 patients, who had permanent pacemaker im...
End - stage renal disease (esrd) is a major healthcare problem worldwide, especially in developing countries . According to centers for disease control and prevention (cdc), more than 10%, or more than 20 million, people aged 20 years and older in the usa have chronic kidney diseases (ckd). In india, due to the absence...
There have been questions about its class i versus ii versus iii classification, or it being a lever in the first place [1416] and the loading assumptions . But it is the lever model, coupled with the bending beam analogy of the mandible that form the foundation of the generally accepted (longitudinal) stress distribut...
Saccades are described as fast eye movements in which a target is tracked by registering the image of that target on the fovea . The saccade neural network requires involvement of a series of neurons designed to imitate the behavior of actual neuronal populations in the horizontal saccade controller . A generic neuron ...
Electronic cigarettes are battery - operated devices that deliver nicotine to the lungs by evaporation of a liquid . Chronic idiopathic neutrophilia is a condition characterized by elevated white blood cell and neutrophil counts without any underlying disease; smoking has been implicated as a potential cause . A male c...
Based on the results of 5 randomized clinical trials (rcts), mechanical thrombectomy using the stent - retriever has been approved as standard treatment for acute anterior circulation stroke due to occlusions of the internal carotid artery (ica) or the m1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (mca). Recent studies rega...
A 65-year - old man with intermittent, colicky periumbilical pain which first occurred two months earlier was admitted to hospital . He had an eight - year history of congestive heart failure caused by mitral valvular regurgitation and atrial fibrillation . He was nonalcoholic, and there was no history of diarrhea, hem...
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood and accounts for 7% of malignancies in patients younger than 15 years . It originates from the sympathetic nervous system, and in particular from a developing and incompletely committed precursor cell derived from neural - crest tissues . Neuroblast...
Mature mirnas are short single - stranded rna molecules, approximately 1923 nucleotides in length . The mirna sequence is encoded in a stem - loop structure in the primary transcript that is cleaved in the nucleus by the ribonuclease iii enzyme drosha to form the precursor mirna (pre - mirna). The pre - mirna is subseq...
Altmetrics creates a new approach to evaluating the impact of publications by considering the number of downloads, shares, and discussions on social networks.1 this approach does not replace the traditional bibliometric indicators, such as impact factor and h - index, but rather focuses on new aspects of publication im...
Clinical presentation is variable and may include: skin manifestations like recurrent oral or genital ulcers as well as, cns, articular, and ocular signs as described by the international study group of behet's disease as the key diagnostic features1). Diverse vasculopathies and thrombophilia of any size and in any ves...
Like most other cells and organisms, bacteria and archaea need to handle the threat of viral infection that kill the organism or reduce their fitness . It matters little how successful an organisms is at other aspects of its life if it cannot deal with its viruses . That fact contributes to the multitude of anti - viru...
Two classes of agents, those targeting the m2 ion - channel and those targeting neuramindase, are available to treat or prevent influenza infection . The emergence of resistance to the m2 ion - channel inhibiting drugs, amantadine and rimantadine, has limited their clinical utility . Resistance to neuraminidase inhibit...
A 57-year - old woman was admitted to our hospital for further evaluation of a mass located in the upper abdomen, and this mass was incidentally detected by an abdominal ultrasound exam during a medical checkup . The patient presented with recurrent abdominal distension without any other complaints . Her medical histor...
Rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is the most common rheumatoid condition and affects approximately 2% of adult population . The onset of the disease usually takes place between the 45 and 55 year of age and, if not diagnosed early, it rapidly leads to permanent deformities of the motor organs . The most frequently affected an...
Osteoarthritis (oa) is the most common form of arthritis and the leading cause of disability, especially among older adults . The disease process leads to limitation of joint movement, joint deformity, tenderness, inflammation, and severe pain . Oa is characterized by progressive loss of cartilage from the articulating...
Although the introduction of dopamine agonists in the management of acromegaly has opened new doors for a non - invasive approach to this clinical problem, this therapy has not proved wholly satisfactory . Long - term treatment with such compounds has resulted in normalization of levels of plasma growth hormone in abou...
The potential relevance of endothelial activation biomarkers to sepsis has been raised in both this journal and others [1 - 3]. Biomarkers for sepsis associated with the endothelial glycocalyx remain relatively unknown, however, and this commentary attempts to reverse this omission . The term glycocalyx (sweet husk) wa...
Aldose reductase (ar) is a key enzyme in the polyol pathway known to play important roles in the cataract formation and the pathogenesis of diabetic complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy . Several naturally occurring and synthetic ar inhibitors with diverse structures have been studied in exper...
The study design included a one - group (internal) comparison in which each intersection acted as its own control through comparison of the number of pedestrian motor vehicle collisions (per intersection - month) before and after pcs installation . Ethics approval for the study was provided by the ethics review board o...
Briefly, the reveal registry is a multicenter observational, prospective registry involving 55 university - affiliated and community hospital - based pulmonary hypertension centers in the united states . Each of the participating sites received institutional review board approval (e - table 1). Patients with pah (who g...
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (iih), previously termed pseudotumor cerebri and benign intracranial hypertension, is a syndrome of increased intracranial pressure (icp) of unknown etiology, without clinical, laboratory or radiological evidence of intracranial pathology . While the exact pathogenesis remains uncle...
Schizophrenia, affecting around 1% of the population, is a severe disorder involving chronic or recurrent psychosis and long - term deterioration in functional capacity (1). The characteristic onset of schizophrenia in early adulthood, its lifelong course, and debilitating symptoms, plus its high burden on caregivers a...
The findings reported here draw on answers to questions added to the two major cohort studies of hiv - positive people in ontario, the ontario hiv treatment network cohort study (ocs) (http://www.ohtncohortstudy.ca/) (n = 959) and the positive spaces, healthy places cohort study (pshp) (http://www.pshp.ca/) (n = 442) p...
The control of pain, a complex and subjective experience, is critical to clinical success in caring for patients . Opioids such as oxycodone, methadone and morphine are the recommended therapy by the world health organization and the european association for palliative care for moderate to severe pain . However, the us...
In many circumstances people experience external events by a number of different sensory modalities . For example, when someone is talking, there is auditory and visual information that is initially processed by specialized neural pathways . Ultimately, though, the different sensory signals are integrated into a cohere...
Transcription factors, enhancer - binding proteins and chromatin - remodeling factors all play a role in regulating gene expression . In addition, nucleosomes, the basic structural units of chromatin, are now thought to also be involved in this process [(1,2); see also (3,4)]. The dissociation or displacement of nucleo...
The term mucosa - associated lymphoid tissue (malt) lymphoma was first coined by isaacson and wright1 in 1983 . Malt lymphomas can occur in many locations, including the gastrointestinal tract, salivary glands, thyroid, lung, and breast . It is histologically characterized by lymphoepithelial lesions and lymphoplasmic ...
Autogenous grafting is the most commonly used surgical procedure for bone reconstruction due to its advantages in comparison with other graft materials, such as biocompatibility and bone regeneration potential . Several possibilities are reported by the literature for atrophic jaws reconstruction, and among these solut...
Aluminium (al) is ubiquitous in the environment and represents the third most common element in the earth s crust and it generally exists in a combined state with other elements . The problem of al contamination in our environment has been around for more than 25 years, despite which, it remains a neglected problem . I...
Macula - on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (rd) is a common cause of ophthalmic emergency that requires surgical treatment in a short period of time to prevent visual loss . The annual incidence of rd varies according to the recent references between 15.4 and 18.2 per 100 000, with a peak incidence of 52.5 per 100 0...
Reactive oxygen species (ros), normally produced during the aerobic metabolism, function as second messengers involved in many cellular functions . On the other hand, when ros level increases because of oxidant treatments and/or defective antioxidant systems, these highly reactive compounds and radicals become dangerou...
The bacterium escherichia coli is widely used as indicator of the bacteriological condition of food and environments due to its almost exclusively fecal origin . The presence of e. coli in fresh - marketed seafood indicates recent contamination and is usually attributed to infected handlers or storage on contaminated i...
The tumor produces catecholamines, such as norepinephrine and epinephrine, and leads to well - known clinical symptoms, such as hypertension, headache, sweating, palpitation, and orthostatic hypertension . It is usually found at extra - adrenal sites and is diagnosed as a subtype of paraganglioma . The high dopamine le...
Venous thromboembolism (vte) is a term that encompasses deep vein thrombosis (dvt) and pulmonary embolism (pe). An evaluation of the national hospital discharge survey and census date for vte in the united states reported an annual incidence of 0.49 per 10,000, with peak rates in the neonatal period and adolescence.1)2...
Indeed, in 2009, half of canadian patients initiating renal replacement were over 65 years old (1). According to estimates, incidence of chronic renal failure is 242 individuals per one million worldwide (2) while over $1 trillion is spent for end - stage renal disease care, globally (3). Though, hemodialysis consists ...
Esophageal achalasia is a rare motility disorder of the esophagus involving the smooth muscle layer and the lower esophagus sphincter (les), with its incomplete relaxation and increased tone . This pathology is characterized by difficulty in swallowing, regurgitation, and sometimes chest pain . Specific tests for diagn...
The constant shortage of donor organs led to research into xenotransplantation, which was first reported in 1906 . Pigs are currently considered the most appropriate source of organs for xenotransplantation to humans based on several advantages, including physiological / anatomical organ similarities, reproductive char...
Add the appropriate pre - tested amount of caspase 3 to 20 l of 12 mg / ml pak2 in buffer a (50 mm tris - hcl, 150 mm nacl, and 2 mm dtt at ph 7.5) and incubate at 34 c for 30 min to fully cleave and activate pak2 . Analyze the cleavage products by sds - page (10%) and coommassie blue staining . Add the cleaved pak2 to...
Patients, clinicians and other healthcare professionals assume that clinical laboratory tests performed by different laboratories at different times on the same sample and specimen can be compared and that results can be reliably and consistently interpreted (1). Unfortunately, these assumptions are not always justifie...
Type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by peripheral insulin resistance, defects in insulin secretion, and -cell apoptosis . Pancreatic -cell dysfunction is central to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, and the loss of functional -cell mass in type 2 diabetes is at least in part secondary to increa...
Activities in cells are partially specified by their respective ribonucleic acid (rna) content.1 with respect to mrna, at any given time, a theoretical human cell would feature the whole or some subset of all of the protein coding gene s transcripts, including all splice variants . With an estimated 21,000 coding genes...
Coronary heart diseases are responsible for almost half of all deaths in developed countries and 25% of deaths in developing countries . Open heart surgery with median sternotomy is most commonly performed on patients with blocked heart vessels . It can impede normal respiration, deep breathing, effective coughing, and...
Symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia (tn) is caused by a demonstrable structural lesion other than vascular compression, typically posterior fossa tumors or multiple sclerosis [1, 2]. This pain may be either persistent or intermittent, sometimes occurring in brief attacks that may reproduce tn features . Here, we report th...
Primary hyperparathyroidism (phpt) is a disease characterized by hypercalcemia due to autonomous production of parathyroid hormone (pth). Phpt is the third most common endocrine disorder in the west after diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders . Overall, about 1% of the adults have phpt in the west, and this figure ri...
Parkinson's disease (pd) is an age - related progressive neurodegenerative disorder which is associated with selective loss of dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra pars compacta region of the midbrain . Pd is broadly classified into a familial form (resulting from genetic alterations like mutations or multipl...
A stroke is a cerebrovascular event in which the supply of blood delivered to the brain is significantly altered1,2,3 . The resulting deficits or impairments following stroke vary according to the location and extent of the lesion, but often include hemiparesis, communication disorders, and cognitive deficits4 . In iso...
Whereas the incidence has increased from 1 in 10,000 - 50,000 spontaneous pregnancies, with assisted reproductive technology procedures, the incidence is up to 1%, a 70-fold increased risk . There are several approaches for heterotopic cervical pregnancy management, and generally the purpose of conservative management ...
Despite the increased prevalence of weight concern and weight control practices among teenagers, obesity has been increasing steadily [1, 2]. Females attach much importance on appearance and are preoccupied with their weight from a very young age . On the other hand, males value a muscular physique, which they often as...
Obesity is a major cause of morbidity in canada and in many parts of the world and it is increasing worldwide . As indicated by a body mass index (bmi) greater than or equal to 30 kg / m, obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, several types of cancer, asthma, gallbladder disease, osteoart...
The main structures related to human memory are the papez circuit, the basolateral limbic circuit, and the basal forebrain, which communicate with each other through white - matter tracts . Damage to these structures (including the communication tracts) from hemorrhages, infarctions, and tumors can result in memory dis...
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lower airways and is among the most common chronic conditions, affecting children and adults . It is characterized by increased airway responsiveness to a variety of stimuli, resulting in airflow obstruction that is typically recurrent and reversible . Asthma treatment an...
Antibiotic resistance has become one of the most important public health problems worldwide due to morbidity and mortality and healthcare costs . Although the spanish national health system (snhs) has a population coverage of almost 100%, 30% of all antibiotic use occurs outside the snhs and is largely due to the dispe...
Morphea, also known as localized scleroderma (ls), is an inflammatory skin disorder characterized by excessive collagen deposition . It primarily affects the dermis and sometimes extends into the subcutaneous fat and fascia producing thickening and hardening of the skin due to fibrosis . It is estimated that approximat...
This was an observational cohort study of healthy subjects, glaucoma suspects, and open - angle glaucoma (oag) patients enrolled from the diagnostic innovations in glaucoma study (digs) who completed oct - a imaging (angiovue; optovue, inc ., fremont, ca, usa) and optic nerve head imaging using sd - oct (avanti; optovu...
Wegener s granulomatosis (wg) is an uncommon necrotizing vasculitis that most commonly affects the upper airways, lungs and kidneys, but can involve any other organ . The disease presents with varying symptoms and signs and early recognition and initiation of adequate immunomodulatory therapy are essential in limiting ...
Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (psp) is a benign disease, usually occurring in young patients without known underlying lung disorder . The occurrence rate is reported to be about 9 individuals per 100 000 each year . Depending on the individual severity, the therapeutic options include simple observation, needle aspi...
The adenoma is solitary in 8590% of patients, while others have multiple adenomas or parathyroid hyperplasia . Accurate preoperative localization is essential for good surgical outcome, and inability to locate the adenoma in an ectopic gland may delay the diagnosis . Nuclear imaging accurately localizes the tumor in mo...
Symptomatic disc herniation located in the thoracic spine is a relatively uncommon disease with an estimated annual incidence of 1:1000 to 1:10000003,9,10). On the other hand, it is thought to represent 0.25 to 0.75% of all symptomatic disc herniations, making it common enough so that any spine surgeon will occasionall...
Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (ahle) is a rare fatal disease presenting with an acute onset of neurological abnormalities . It is categorized in a group of diseases called acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (adem). In this disease, an acute rapidly progressive hemorrhage in the white matter leads to a fulminant...
The prostate cancer is the most common malignant disease of men in western countries (1). Its incidence is continuously increasing korea and its age - standardized incidence rates per 100,000 men was 4.6 cases, which was the 8th - highest cause among the organ - specific malignant tumors in 2007 (2). Many pre - treatme...
Microbiological confirmation of bacterial infection is rarely achieved in children with acute lower - respiratory - tract infections (alrtis) because of the inability to obtain material from the infection site (ie, the lung). Treatment is, therefore, mostly empirical, which irrevocably leads to overtreatment and someti...
Blood pressure levels in the very elderly are more scattered than in younger elderly or middle - aged persons . After initial blood pressure increase, which occurred up to the seventh decade in both sexes, furthermore, levels of blood pressure in the very elderly have paradoxical inverse relationship to morbidity and m...
Regenerative medicine is an emerging field of biotechnology that combines various aspects of medicine, cell and molecular biology, materials science and bioengineering in order to regenerate, repair or replace tissues . The oral surgery and maxillofacial surgery have a role in the treatment of traumatic or degenerative...
Dyslipidemia is a disorder of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, including overproductivity, deficiencies, or other changes in lipid metabolism, which results in abnormal amounts of lipids and lipoproteins in the blood . Dyslipidemia can manifest as an elevation of the total cholesterol (tc), low - density lipoprotein (...
A 27-year - old hispanic man was admitted to the queens hospital center because of cough, weakness, night sweats, and weight loss . The patient was well until 1 month before admission when he started having weakness, coughing, and sweats . On return to the united states he saw a physician for the above symptoms and was...
Cancer - related inflammation affects many aspects of malignancy, including proliferation and survival of malignant cells, angiogenesis, and therapeutic response . In a previous study that utilizes a mouse model, we showed that an inflammatory response is elicited in the early stages of the postsurgical wound healing p...
Tailgut cysts, also known as retrotrectal cystic hamartomas, are rare congenital developmental lesions arising from postnatal primitive gut remnants, that generally occur in the retrorectal space, but have also been described in prerectal and perirenal locations . The retrorectal space is a potential space bound anteri...
Ala - al - din abu al - hassan ali ibn abi - hazm al - qarshi al - dimashqi, known as ibn al - nafis (1210 - 1288 ad), was a muslim syrian physician primarily famous for being the first to describe the pulmonary circulation of the blood . The most voluminous of his books is alshamel fi sanaat tebbiat, which is a compre...
Fondaparinux sodium is a new synthetic, sulfated pentasaccharide, selective coagulation factor xa inhibitor, a safe and effective antithrombotic agent, which is indicated for preventing thrombus formation in patients with acute coronary syndromes, including those with st - segment elevation myocardial infarction (stemi...
Orotracheal intubation is not suitable for assessing the dental relationship and occlusion, and nasotracheal intubation is contraindicated in patients with nasoorbitoethmoidal fractures or fractures of the base of the skull owing to potential complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage and meningitis . Tracheosto...
Fixed drug eruption (fde) is a distinctive variant of drug induced dermatoses characterized by sharply demarcated, erythematous patches with / without blistering that develop within hours of administration of the causative drug and heals with postinflammatory residual hyperpigmentation . It usually recurs at the same s...
Fierce competition for better mating partners has been a driving force for evolution of diverse forms and behaviors in sex - related traits . During fertilization, sperms from multiple males this natural experimentation in every single fertilization has selected sperms that work best in their fertilization environment,...
Ceramic and composite resin, esthetic dental materials are continuously developing to meet functional and esthetic demand . Indirect restorations require appropriate cement for long - term use in changeable oral conditions and also to meet patients esthetic expectations . In success of indirect restorations, it is impo...
The advantages of phacoemulsification surgery include excellent potential visual outcome, small corneal incision, and the possibility to employ premium intraocular lenses.23 however, it is not easy to master the technique due to its steep learning curve . Some rely on self - learning methods such as videos of expert su...
Deficits in working memory (wm), a limited capacity system that supports the online manipulation and temporary storage of information, are considered to be a hallmark of alzheimer's disease (ad), even in its earliest stages . Deficits in span tasks [3, 4] and dual task procedures [5, 6] emerge in the early stages of ad...
Though both minor and major spontaneous or post - operative bleeding is the most common presentation of this rare disorder, there are several case reports of thrombotic complications also . There are few reports of myocardial infarction (mi) in the literature in patients of afibrinogenemia . A 33-year - old man, who wa...