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Brown - squard syndrome (bss), which occurs due to dysfunction of the spinothalamic tract, typically reflects the hemisection of the spinal cord at the cervical or thoracic level . The syndrome mainly occurs as a result of penetrating trauma, syringomyelia, hematomyelia, tumor, severe discs, or blunt trauma . Among the... |
Vogt - koyanagi - harada disease (vkh) is a granulomatous inflammatory disorder affecting the eyes, auditory system, meninges, and skin [1, 2]. It is one of the most common causes of uveitis in asia and accounts for approximately 16% of all uveitis cases in china . Clinically, vkh is divided into four stages: prodromal... |
Over the past decade, protein separation techniques and peptide analysis by mass spectrometry have greatly improved, and qualitative and quantitative proteome comparisons have become powerful tools for defining the composition of complex proteomes and the functions of protein complexes. (1) current ion trap mass spectr... |
There is increasing evidence of a clear genetic link between the phenotypic characteristics of dogs and adverse drug reactions . The fields of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics have become increasingly promising regarding the clinical application of genetic data to aid in prevention of adverse reactions, prediction... |
The emergency department (ed) is known to be one of the most congested units in any hospital that faces greater pressure in terms of patient load and health care resources as compared to other departments of the health care system . Studies across various countries reported that quality of care decreases when the ed is... |
Primary intracystic squamous cell carcinoma (scc) in the breast is an extremely rare neoplasm . Primary sccs in the breast are quite rare, although scc mixed with ductal carcinoma is more common . It can arise from metaplastic epithelium associated with other primary malignancy of the breast, metastasis from primary el... |
Translating empirically validated treatments into routine clinical practice is an essential activity that requires a multitude of factors to be addressed . For any given disorder, some of these factors include the type of patients being treated, the setting in which treatment is delivered (including the funding arrange... |
Retinal vein occlusion (rvo) is an obstruction of the retinal venous system, it has an abrupt onset and is an important cause of visual morbidity . Retinal vein occlusions constitute the second most common cause of retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy, with a prevalence of between 1% and 2% in persons ol... |
It has been well documented in medical literature that diabetes management during ramadan fasting poses challenges to the treating physician; and pre - ramadan diabetes assessment, evaluations, and diabetes education are important for successful management.1 this is because unplanned diabetes management during ramadan ... |
Pseudoprogression (pspd) and pseudoresponse (psr) following anticancer therapy are major areas of controversy in the management of high - grade glioma . In the era of temozolomide, discrimination of pspd and true progression of high - grade glioma after concurrent radiochemotherapy (crt) with conventional magnetic reso... |
The fontan procedure is used to separate the systemic and pulmonary circulations in patients with various forms of functionally univentricular hearts . In the fontan circulation, systemic venous return is sent to the pulmonary arteries without passage through a ventricle . The fontan procedure can result in various lat... |
This case describes a young non - pregnant cat that presented with uterine prolapse in association with an unusual diffuse, polypoid, fibrosing perimetritis and parametritis . No intra - abdominal complications were seen on ultrasound examination 3 months postsurgery . At the time of writing, uterine prolapse in the ca... |
Previous studies showed that a. baumannii was already an emerging pathogen in the respiratory tract, wounds, blood and urine (3). Since the strains of a. baumannii were usually resistant to most available drugs, except colistin and tigecycline, they would be very sticky when detected on a patient . Therefore, the urgen... |
High phosphorus (p) intake is known as one of the risk factors for impaired bone health . Several researchers have investigated the adverse effects of a high p diet on bone metabolism . In human adults, a diet containing p additives increases urinary hydroxyproline excretion, a bone resorption marker . In growing male ... |
Despite advancements in modern medical science and the health management industry, the incidence of cerebral palsy (cp) continues to rise1 . The most common features of cp are decreased muscle strength and abnormal muscle tone2 . Cp sufferers lack theability to generate enough force to maintain antigravity postural con... |
Bioethanol is one of the most employed liquid biofuels due to the easy adaptability of this fuel to existing engines and because this is a cleaner fuel with higher octane rating than gasoline . Ethanol market grew from less than a billion liters in 1975 to more than 39 billion liters in 2006 and is expected to reach 10... |
In 1989, caffe et al . Published a method for organ culture in which the neuroretina was placed with the photoreceptor layer facing downward on rafts made of nitrocellulose filters and polyamide gauze grids . Since then, mammalian retinal organ cultures have been commonly used to research retinal physiology and pathobi... |
Ectopic kidney is a relatively rare renal anomaly however, an endourologist does encounter stone disease in an ectopic kidney occasionally . Factors such as anomalous blood vessels and tortuous ureter with high insertion can lead to poor drainage and predisposition to the formation of renal calculi in these patients . ... |
Although the use of prefabricated posts has gained popularity, for several years custom cast dowel and core has been used to retain restorations with clinical evidence of success . One important advantage of this post system is that the dowel will fit a flared or irregularly shaped canal more closely than prefabricated... |
Human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is an rna virus in the pneumovirinae subfamily of the paramyxoviridae family that was first isolated in the netherlands in 2001 and has subsequently been identified worldwide . It has been implicated as a significant cause of hospitalization for young children, second only to respiratory sy... |
Recent whole transcriptome studies have revealed that about three quarters of the human genome is capable of being transcribed, while protein - coding regions account for just 2% of the genome (13). Therefore, the vast majority of transcribed sequences do not encode proteins, and are called non - coding rna (ncrna). Ac... |
The chemical modification of proteins is an established tool for studying the structure, function, and regulation of this class of biopolymer . Moreover, in recent years, a great deal of effort has been directed toward the modification of proteins for therapeutic applications . Traditionally, protein conjugation chemis... |
Ameloblastoma is a benign but locally aggressive neoplasm of the odontogenic epithelium.1 accounting for 11% of all odontogenic tumors, ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic neoplasm affecting the jaws, yet it only accounts for 1% of all tumors of the maxilla and mandible.24 the average age of patients presentin... |
The laparoscopic removal of a cervical stump following a supra cervical (subtotal) hysterectomy was first described by nezhat et al, and they concluded that the cervical stump could be removed laparoscopically by an experienced surgeon . The advantages of the laparoscopic approach included possible stump adhesiolysis, ... |
Biological membranes are mainly composed of phospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, and membrane - associated proteins . These molecules are nonhomogeneously distributed in membranes and can rearrange, leading to the formation of membrane domains with highly differentiated molecular compositions and supramolecular a... |
Stimulated by the promise of mechanically interlocked molecular architectures with potential employment in future nanotechnological applications such as in the development of molecular machines and switches, the interest being shown in their construction is ever increasing . Rotaxane and catenane species can also, howe... |
Fatty acids (fas), the components of phospholipids in organelle and cellular membranes, play important biological roles by maintaining or processing membrane protein function or fluidity.1 in addition, fas modulate vascular inflammation, a key mechanism of atherosclerosis, cerebral small vessel pathologies, and stroke,... |
Different methods have been introduced for predicting mgp and assessing, symphyseal morphology is one of them . Ricketts and others stated that morphology of the symphysis may be used to predict the direction of mandibular growth . He found that forward inclination of the condylar head was associated with forward mandi... |
Established in 2003, erste foundation has a history stretching back 190 years to the year 1819 when it was founded as the erste sterreichische spar casse in vienna . Rooted in our history as a social enterprise and financial service provider, erste foundation recognises that contemporary society faces huge challenges a... |
In modern nursing, nurses are expected to deliver holistic care, taking into account patients biological, psychosocial, and spiritual needs . However, formal nursing programs in iran follow a biomedical approach that focuses mainly on medical problems. [35] these formal education programs focus on the transfer of knowl... |
The in vitro ageing of human diploid fibroblasts (hdfs), first described by hayflick and moorhead, has become a classical experimental model to study cellular ageing . Hdfs have a limited ability to divide when cultured in vitro . Normally after about 50 cell divisions, hdfs enter a state of irreversible proliferative ... |
Young, healthy organisms strive to maintain their proteome in a functional state through the tight control of rates of protein synthesis, folding, and degradation . Extensive quality - control systems are set up throughout the cell to prevent and manage protein damage . As the organism ages, these control mechanisms be... |
This frequency region is essential for good speech understanding in complex listening environments, particularly in noise.4, 5 individuals with substantial, bilateral highfrequency hearing loss experience hearing difficulties in most aspects of life: at home, on the phone, at work, and in social situations . They can b... |
It is a zoonotic endemic disease in most of the mediterranean area, asia, and latin america (2, 3). In iran the prevalence of cvl in various parts of iran is different and it is correlated by weather condition and humidity (4). It is endemic in ardebil, east azerbaijan, fars and bushehr provinces (5). Domestic dogs (ca... |
Arterial stiffness is increased in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 dm), which can potentially increase the risk of morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases (cvd). The brachial - ankle pulse wave velocity (bapwv) is a non - invasive technique often used clinically for assessment of arte... |
We began our investigation of what high reliability might mean for health care by analyzing what is known about how highly reliable organizations function . Weick and sutcliffe provide the most compelling depiction of how high - reliability organizations (hros) stay safe . They describe an environment of collective min... |
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (agep) is a rare acute reaction that is drug - induced in 90% of the cases, characterized by a widespread, sterile pustular rash . Cefepime is a fourth generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat febrile neutropenia, severe infections related to the urinary tract, skin, ... |
Paediatric age at the time of diagnosis represents a negative prognostic factor for keratoconus progression, with increased probability of corneal transplant . Particularly younger patients represent a population at high risk for more rapid progression of the disease [1, 2]. The long - term results reported in literatu... |
Rufinamide (ruf) is a triazole derivative that is structurally unrelated to other antiepileptic drugs (aed).1 it was approved by the united states, food and drug administration (fda) in 2004 for the treatment of lennox - gastaut syndrome (lgs) in patients aged 4 years and older.2 ruf was authorized for the same indicat... |
Cluster headache is a form of primary neurovascular headache, which consists of unilateral head pain that occurs in association with cranial autonomic features and, in most patients, has a striking circannual and circadian periodicity . Excruciating painful attacks are accompanied by restlessness or agitation, usually ... |
Obesity is not only a risk factor for cancer development but also a factor affecting treatment outcomes . Endometrial cancer (ec) was the first malignancy to be recognized as related to obesity . It has been associated with lower quality of life values among ec survivors and higher body mass index (bmi), measured befor... |
Hepatitis b virus (hbv) is an important risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) (1). Hcc is the fifth most common cancer worldwide, and it causes significant public health problems, especially in association with chronic hepatitis b (2). Morphologic lesions during hepatocarcinogenesis include dysplast... |
Dry eye disease (ded) continues to present clinicians with a diagnostic dilemma, primarily due to its multiple causative factors . As a result of the disease s complexity, there is currently no test or set of tests considered a gold standard for its diagnosis and monitoring . Without such a diagnostic standard of care,... |
Anemia, which can be defined as hemoglobin less than 13 g / dl or hematocrit less than 36%, is a relatively common preoperative finding . Approximately one third of patients are anemic before they undergo joint arthroplasty, with baseline hemoglobin levels between 10 and 13 g / dl . In veterans undergoing noncardiac su... |
Curcumin,1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxypheny l)- 1- 6- heptadiene- 3, 5-dione, commonly known as diferuloylmethane, is the yellow pigment component of the curry or turmeric (curcuma longa) (1). Turmeric extracts have been extensively used for the treatment of several diseases in ayurvedic medicine in india for several cen... |
The incidence of splenic abscess is a clinically uncommon disease with current literature reporting a 0.140.7% occurrence rate [1, 2]. Although splenic abscesses are a clinical rarity, they have the potential to be fatal . The presentation of this disease is often vague and insidious including left upper quadrant abdom... |
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (scchn) is the fifth most common neoplasm with an estimated annual global incidence of more than 500,000 cases diagnosed worldwide . The treatment is usually interdisciplinary and mainly involves surgeons, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, clinical nurse specialist... |
Measures of intellectual abilities and vocabulary, the crystallized abilities, are more resistant, to age effects than fluid abilities, such as attention and executive functions . Memory functions seem most affected, particularly those related to source memory (episodic or explicit). Women perform better on verbal and ... |
The purpose of this process is to destroy and remove the injurious agents and injured tissues, thereby promoting tissue repair . When this beneficial response occurs in an uncontrolled manner, the result is excessive cellular / tissue damage that results in chronic inflammation and destruction of normal tissue . Moreov... |
Polycystic liver disease is a condition characterized by the presence of multiple cysts in the liver, which may be inherited or sporadic, and most cases of adult polycystic liver disease (apld) are related to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (adpkd). In 1964, there have been some reports, till date, that de... |
Canaliculitis is a common encounter in ophthalmic practice but supernumerary puncta and canaliculi (spc) are rare congenital disorders . In a large series a 59-year - old gentleman presented with painful swelling of the left lower lid for a week, which was associated with epiphora . The swelling was confined to the nas... |
Diabetes imposes a large economic burden on the individual, national healthcare systems, and countries. [15] healthcare expenditures due to diabetes account for 11% of the total healthcare expenditures in the world in 2011 . Estimated global healthcare expenditures to treat diabetes and prevent complications totaled $4... |
The prospective study of pravastatin in the elderly at risk (prosper) was a prospective multicenter randomized placebo - controlled trial to assess whether treatment with pravastatin diminishes the risk of major cardiovascular events in the elderly (12,13). Between december 1997 and may 1999, a total of 5,804 participa... |
As mentioned in the report of the national eye institute, dry eye is a disorder of the tear film due to tear deficiency or excessive tear evaporation, which causes damage to the interpalpebral ocular surface, and is associated with symptoms of ocular discomfort . Since contact lenses disrupt the integrity of the tear f... |
We are grateful for financial support from the industrial source technology development program of the ministry of knowledge economy (10044909), the next - generation biogreen 21 program (ssac grant #pj01111803), rda, and the kribb initiative program of south korea. |
Surgical intervention for corneal perforation is indicated when the anterior chamber does not reform within a short period of time . Herein, we report the successful management of a small paracentral corneal perforation using autologous iris incarceration and tissue adhesive . A 41-year - old man developed a small para... |
It has long been recognized that psychiatric disorders and symptoms aggregate in families and the evidence for a substantial role for genetic factors is incontrovertible . Genetic epidemiological studies of autism, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia show that the risk of developing one of these specific psychiatric ill... |
Fever is a common reason for seeking medical attention and accounts for more than 20% of emergency department visits.1 many mothers and caregivers have perceived phobia associated with their child's fever for reasons that include serious infection, seizure, brain damage and death.2 paediatricians have regularly advised... |
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (pdac) represents the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, with an incidence of approximately 217,000 new cases each year nearly matched by 213,000 deaths (parkin et al ., 2001). Several of the most frequent genetic events underlying the initiation and progression of huma... |
Central venous catheters (cvc) are often used in the intensive care unit (icu) for monitoring and treatment of critically ill patients to provide long - term venous access . However, their use may result in nosocomial catheter - related bloodstream infection (crbsi). The estimated number of crbsi is approximately 250,0... |
There is a critical need to develop potent and selective therapeutic agents capable of targeting malignant tissue without compromising normal cell viability . While chemotherapeutic agents (e.g., doxorubicin and docetaxel) remain widely used in the clinic, they lack inherent selectivity desired to limit toxicity to nor... |
For patients with acute coronary syndrome (acs), the key to increased survival and the preservation of myocardial function is rapid diagnosis followed by appropriate early intervention, which will enable timely management strategies and intervention to be carried out . Delays at any level of management, from the prehos... |
Most of the studies on phrynoderma were conducted in the early and middle of the last century . Therefore, clinical features of phrynoderma and its association with nutritional deficiency signs were studied to elucidate the relationship between phrynoderma and nutritional status of patients . A cross - sectional descri... |
Dieulafoy lesion is an aberrant submucosal vessel that lies in close contact with the mucous membrane, which may lead to its exposure, causing massive gastrointestinal (gi) bleeding.1 it is the cause of approximately 6% of upper gi bleeding.2 it is most commonly found in the proximal stomach and especially within 6 cm ... |
Obesity stigma and negative stereotypes of obese people are widespread and damaging to the health, dignity, human rights, and quality of life of obese individuals . Standard media and biomedical depictions of obese individuals contribute to this stigmatization by positing that obesity incidence is nearly entirely depen... |
Celiac disease (cd) is a common autoimmune disorder estimated to affect approximately 1% of the us population . Many studies have evaluated methods for identifying high - risk populations of patients in need of proactive screening for case identification . As with many chronic diseases, quality improvement approaches c... |
The possible presence of infection in cervical smear tests is usually reported by the cytologists based on cytological criteria . Therefore, non - specific cervicitis or inflammatory changes in a smear report are common . These findings are usually unclear for clinical approaches and there is not an appropriate guideli... |
Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus brucella and is listed in class b animal epidemics by the world organization for animal health (oie). The genus has six classic species: b. abortus, b. melitensis, b. suis, b. canis, b. ovis and b. neotomae . Recently, the marine species b. cet... |
Behet's disease (bd) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulceration and uveitis1), the other clinical manifestations include skin lesions, arthritis, thrombosis, neurologic symptoms and intestinal ulceration . Polychondritis is known as a rare complication of bd and no ... |
Before discussing the methodology, a detailed understanding of finite element method and its significance is essential . The basic idea in finite element method is to find the solution for a complicated problem by replacing it by a simpler one . In finite element method, the actual continuum or body of the matter these... |
The study protocol was approved by the animal care and use committee of juntendo university . Male c57bl/6 mice (7 weeks old) were purchased from oriental yeast (tokyo, japan) and housed in specific pathogen deficient (apoe) mice (6 weeks old) were purchased from the jackson laboratory (bar harbor, me) and housed in sp... |
Disability prevalence increases with advanced age, and disability in the elderly population is a major public health problem . This is especially crucial for chinese: there are 88 million persons aged 65 and above in china alone, and the number is projected to increase to 341 million in 2050; importantly, disability pr... |
Conventional nontargeted chemotherapeutics, such as antimetabolites, microtubule inhibitors, and dna intercalating / alkylating agents, are effective at killing cancer cells, but due to their indiscriminate penetration into nearly all cells, they can also damage healthy cells, causing such toxicities as myelosuppressio... |
Often, a new physics faculty member is faced with the duty of renovating the introductory physics labs . We will provide a list of experiments and equipment needed to convert about half of the traditional labs on a 1-year introductory physics lab into microcomputer - based laboratories (mbls). Our student body consists... |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 dm) is a growing epidemic: in the united states of america alone, nearly 25.8 million people (approx 8.3% of the total population) have the disease.1 estimates have placed the global prevalence of the disease at around 217 million.2 the consequence to the individual of prolonged exposure to... |
The goal of defibrillation (df) testing is to verify the detection of ventricular tachyarrhythmias by implantable cardioverter - defibrillators (icds), and to ascertain df efficacy . All clinical trials, which demonstrated the benefit of icd therapy, have included some kind of df testing . According to the food and dru... |
Bladder cancer is the seventh most common malignancy in the world in men and the third most common in poland . In women, this cancer occurs less frequently (17 in the world and 15 in poland), but in contrast to men, an increasing trend of morbidity can be observed [15]. In poland in 2010, 6296 incidents of bladder canc... |
~1.81 million chronic kidney disease patients globally were undergoing hemodialysis (hd) treatment, with an estimated 90,000 (5%) thereof being treated with hemodiafiltration (hdf).1 online hdf has been suggested as a possible cost - effective alternative compared to standard hd, mainly due to its superior middle molec... |
Alzheimer s disease (ad) is the most frequent neurodegenerative disease (ferri et al ., 2005) and is characterized by a progressive dementia that occurs in middle or late life . The neuropathological hallmark of ad is the presence of cortical intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (nft) and extracellular -amyloid (a) pl... |
The cardinal clinical characteristics of sca3 include gait and stance unsteadiness, limb ataxia, dysarthria, oculomotor dysfunction, sensory disorder, pyramidal and extrapyramidal dysfunction, and so on . Sca3 is a slowly progressive and unremitting disease, in which patients generally will become wheelchair - bound an... |
Nanopores are powerful research tools to investigate the structural and dynamic properties of single biomolecules . Nanopores have inner diameters of a few nanometers, and following the size - exclusion principle, only individual dna or protein molecules can fit into or pass through a pore . Importantly, a passing mole... |
Skin is the largest sensory organ of the body and is densely equipped with highly specialized sensory nerve endings capable of sensing a wide range of sensory stimuli such as light touch, mechanical pressure, temperature, itch, and pain . These cutaneous sensory afferents can be distinguished by many morphological, ana... |
The endoplasmic reticulum (er) is an organelle with crucial biosynthetic and signaling functions in eukaryotic cells . The er is not only the major intracellular calcium (ca) storage organelle critically involved in ca homeostasis and ca mediated signaling pathways, but it also provides the environment for the synthesi... |
Bevacizumab became standard of care as first - line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mcrc) in association with chemotherapy, but not all patients benefit from bevacizumab treatment . Cumulative data, gathered from retrospective studies, show that bevacizumab - induced hypertension (htn) appears to be associat... |
The need to advance saliva research is strongly recognized by the strategic plan of the national institute of dental and craniofacial research . The ability to monitor health status, disease onset, progression, recurrence and treatment outcome through non - invasive means is highly important to advancing health care ma... |
Emergence of new concepts in the management of oncologic malignancies and the fast - changing trends of modern medicine necessitate the development of strategies for customized treatment suited to the patient's variable requirements . Response to chemotherapy cannot be predicted with certainty in an individual presentl... |
Acute myeloid leukemia (aml) is a clinically, morphologically and genetically heterogeneous disease characterized by clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in peripheral bone marrow (bm), blood or other tissues . The incidence of aml increases with age, particularly after 65 years old, and the median age at diagnosis is ar... |
One of the most important organ systems is cardiovascular that it's disorders specially ischemic heart diseases can cause disability or death . Some people specially workers who work in special industries are more in the risk of same disorders . There were many studies work on workers health but there were some of them... |
Vesicoureteral reflux (vur) occurs commonly in children, resulting in potentially serious complications . This could result in renal scarring, hypertension, and even end - stage renal failure . Treatment options for children with vur include continuous antibiotic prophylaxis, endoscopic injections, and laparoscopic or ... |
In all well developed societies there tend to be barriers between different organizations and different professions, even when those professions want to co - operate to help individuals to satisfy their needs . Health and social services today face groups of patients who have composite problems and are often unstable .... |
We will introduce recent advances on the study of post - translational processing, modification, and targeting of cathepsins and cystatins . Almost all the intracellular proteins are passed through principally similar processes from the synthesis to their degradation in general . Therefore, i would like to introduce th... |
Endocrine disorders may complicate, cause or mimic otolaryngologic disorders, some of which may be anatomical, due to an enlargement of the thyroid gland, while others are physiological, resulting from increased or decreased glandular activity.1 hypothyroidism is characterized by the slowing of mental and motor activit... |
Bicipital groove (bg) is an indentation on the anterior aspect of proximal part of humerus . This groove allows tendon of long head of biceps brachi muscle enveloped in synovial sheath and ascending branch of anterior circumflex humeral artery to pass through it . It is bounded medially by lesser tubercle, laterally by... |
Five of the world s most fatal work safety accidents in the past decade (20012010) occurred in china (1). Work safety accidents has become the first cause of deaths of chinese citizens below 44 yr old (2). Work safety accidents pose a great threat to people's life, especially major accidents, defined as ones that resul... |
Previously described growth conditions including those for inducing development were used for a. nidulans [17, 18]. Expression of anea via niia promoter is induced by 0.6% sodium nitrate and repressed by 0.2% ammonium tartrate . An anea disruption cassette (dc) was constructed according to methods described by yu et al... |
The diagnosis and extent of resection in the management of hd depend on the sensitive and specific identification of ganglion cells. [13] however, documenting aganglionosis is often difficult and tedious on routine hematoxylin - eosin (h and e) stained sections . Acetylcholinesterase (ache) has evolved as the gold stan... |
Drug abuse is considered a critical health related social and economic problem in most countries . In the last three decades, the world has experienced shocking figures expressing drug abuse prevalence in societies, esp . Among teenagers and the youth . United nation's office of crime and drug abuse prevention has rece... |
Q fever is a zoonotic disease that is caused by coxiella burnetii, a microorganism that frequently infects domestic ungulates, as well as wild mammals in many genera (1). In animals, the disease is transmitted to humans incidentally by inhalation of aerosols from infected cattle and sheep (1, 2). In humans, c. burnetii... |
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