| --- |
| license: cc-by-4.0 |
| pretty_name: Multi-Domain Cloudflare Web Traffic, Performance and Security Observability |
| language: |
| - en |
| task_categories: |
| - time-series-forecasting |
| - tabular-regression |
| - tabular-classification |
| - feature-extraction |
| size_categories: |
| - 100K<n<1M |
| tags: |
| - cloudflare |
| - web-analytics |
| - website-traffic |
| - web-observability |
| - time-series |
| - anomaly-detection |
| - cybersecurity |
| - bot-detection |
| - dns-analytics |
| - http-traffic |
| - cdn |
| - cache-analytics |
| - core-web-vitals |
| - web-performance |
| - real-user-monitoring |
| - rum |
| - parquet |
| - duckdb |
| - polars |
| - pandas |
| - tabular |
| - real-world-data |
| configs: |
| - config_name: http_daily |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/http_daily.parquet |
| - config_name: http_hourly |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/http_hourly.parquet |
| - config_name: http_dimension_groups |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/http_dimension_groups.parquet |
| - config_name: firewall_events |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/firewall_events.parquet |
| - config_name: dns_analytics |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/dns_analytics.parquet |
| - config_name: rum_web_vitals_groups |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/rum_web_vitals_groups.parquet |
| - config_name: rum_performance_groups |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/rum_performance_groups.parquet |
| - config_name: rum_pageload_groups |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/rum_pageload_groups.parquet |
| - config_name: zones |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/zones.parquet |
| - config_name: accounts |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/accounts.parquet |
| - config_name: dns_records |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/dns_records.parquet |
| - config_name: zone_settings |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/zone_settings.parquet |
| - config_name: rulesets |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/rulesets.parquet |
| - config_name: ruleset_rules |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/ruleset_rules.parquet |
| - config_name: redirect_lists |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/redirect_lists.parquet |
| - config_name: redirect_list_items |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/redirect_list_items.parquet |
| - config_name: web_analytics_sites |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/web_analytics_sites.parquet |
| - config_name: web_analytics_rules |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/web_analytics_rules.parquet |
| - config_name: metric_availability |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/metric_availability.parquet |
| - config_name: data_dictionary |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/data_dictionary.parquet |
| - config_name: email_routing_rules |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/email_routing_rules.parquet |
| - config_name: http_hourly_browser_map |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/http_hourly_browser_map.parquet |
| - config_name: http_hourly_content_type_map |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/http_hourly_content_type_map.parquet |
| - config_name: http_hourly_country_map |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/http_hourly_country_map.parquet |
| - config_name: http_hourly_http_version_map |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/http_hourly_http_version_map.parquet |
| - config_name: http_hourly_ip_class_map |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/http_hourly_ip_class_map.parquet |
| - config_name: http_hourly_ssl_map |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/http_hourly_ssl_map.parquet |
| - config_name: http_hourly_status_map |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/http_hourly_status_map.parquet |
| - config_name: http_hourly_threat_pathing_map |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/http_hourly_threat_pathing_map.parquet |
| - config_name: speed_availability |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/speed_availability.parquet |
| - config_name: speed_pages |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/speed_pages.parquet |
| - config_name: ssl_certificate_packs |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/ssl_certificate_packs.parquet |
| --- |
| |
| # Multi-Domain Cloudflare Web Traffic, Performance and Security Observability Dataset |
|
|
| This dataset contains multi-domain Cloudflare analytics exported into analysis-ready Parquet tables. It combines HTTP request aggregates, hourly traffic trends, path and referrer dimensions, country/device/browser breakdowns, DNS analytics, cache behavior, Web Vitals/RUM performance signals, redirect and ruleset metadata, and available firewall/security aggregates across 200 websites. |
|
|
| The collector does not use one global history window. Each zone and Cloudflare dataset is queried from the earliest retained interval exposed by Cloudflare `settings.notOlderThan`, clipped by the zone's Cloudflare `created_on` timestamp when available. The snapshot was generated at `2026-05-01T10:10:03Z` and the collection end is `2026-05-01T10:00:00Z` UTC. |
|
|
| Current observed coverage: `http_daily` spans `2025-05-02 to 2026-05-01`; `http_hourly` spans `2026-01-31T13:00:00Z to 2026-05-01T09:00:00Z`. Exact per-table ranges are in `metadata/collection_manifest.json`. |
|
|
|
|
| The `http_daily` table includes `46,108` rows from 2025 and `23,598` rows from 2026. Hugging Face's first/default dataset config is intentionally `http_daily` so the retained 2025 traffic is visible immediately. |
|
|
| Curated by Faruk Alpay. Contact: `alpay@lightcap.ai`. |
|
|
| The shape is intentionally relational: domains live in `zones`, redirects live in `redirect_list_items`, hourly and daily traffic live in `http_hourly` and `http_daily`, and high-cardinality request slices live in `http_dimension_groups`. That makes the data easy to query with DuckDB, Polars, Pandas, Spark, or `datasets.load_dataset()` without unpacking nested API responses. |
|
|
| Cloudflare GraphQL field availability is discovered per zone before querying. Unsupported firewall fields are not queried, so the public tables do not contain API failure rows; coverage and skipped field lists are recorded in `metadata/collection_manifest.json` and `metadata/cloudflare_graphql_capabilities.json`. |
|
|
| ## Table Overview |
|
|
| - `http_daily`: 69,706 rows |
| - `http_hourly`: 12,112 rows |
| - `http_dimension_groups`: 310,912 rows |
| - `firewall_events`: 70,322 rows |
| - `dns_analytics`: 87,482 rows |
| - `rum_web_vitals_groups`: 165 rows |
| - `rum_performance_groups`: 278 rows |
| - `rum_pageload_groups`: 303 rows |
| - `zones`: 200 rows |
| - `accounts`: 1 rows |
| - `dns_records`: 288 rows |
| - `zone_settings`: 11,200 rows |
| - `rulesets`: 783 rows |
| - `ruleset_rules`: 36,664 rows |
| - `redirect_lists`: 1 rows |
| - `redirect_list_items`: 50 rows |
| - `web_analytics_sites`: 12 rows |
| - `web_analytics_rules`: 12 rows |
| - `metric_availability`: 6 rows |
| - `data_dictionary`: 42 rows |
| - `email_routing_rules`: 201 rows |
| - `http_hourly_browser_map`: 10,259 rows |
| - `http_hourly_content_type_map`: 25,178 rows |
| - `http_hourly_country_map`: 37,120 rows |
| - `http_hourly_http_version_map`: 16,621 rows |
| - `http_hourly_ip_class_map`: 18,125 rows |
| - `http_hourly_ssl_map`: 23,821 rows |
| - `http_hourly_status_map`: 25,825 rows |
| - `http_hourly_threat_pathing_map`: 145 rows |
| - `speed_availability`: 200 rows |
| - `speed_pages`: 1 rows |
| - `ssl_certificate_packs`: 200 rows |
|
|
| `schema/data_dictionary.json` mirrors the table descriptions and important column notes. `metadata/collection_manifest.json` records the collection window, Cloudflare API surfaces, limits, and redaction boundary. |
|
|
| ## Example Use Cases |
|
|
| - Web traffic anomaly detection across multiple domains |
| - Hourly and daily seasonality modeling |
| - Bot and suspicious traffic trend analysis |
| - Cache hit/miss and CDN behavior analysis |
| - Country, ASN, device, browser and operating-system traffic breakdowns |
| - Core Web Vitals and real-user performance monitoring |
| - DNS query pattern analysis |
| - Security event aggregation and firewall action trend exploration |
| - Benchmarking tabular/time-series pipelines with real operational web data |
|
|
| ## Quickstart |
|
|
| ```python |
| from datasets import load_dataset |
| |
| daily = load_dataset("Lightcap/multi-domain-cloudflare-observability", "http_daily", split="train") |
| hourly = load_dataset("Lightcap/multi-domain-cloudflare-observability", "http_hourly", split="train") |
| paths = load_dataset("Lightcap/multi-domain-cloudflare-observability", "http_dimension_groups", split="train") |
| zones = load_dataset("Lightcap/multi-domain-cloudflare-observability", "zones", split="train") |
| ``` |
|
|
| ```sql |
| INSTALL httpfs; |
| LOAD httpfs; |
| |
| SELECT |
| zone_name, |
| CAST(date AS DATE) AS day, |
| sum(requests) AS requests, |
| max(unique_visitors) AS daily_unique_visitors |
| FROM read_parquet('hf://datasets/Lightcap/multi-domain-cloudflare-observability/data/http_daily.parquet') |
| WHERE CAST(date AS DATE) < DATE '2026-01-01' |
| GROUP BY 1, 2 |
| ORDER BY requests DESC; |
| ``` |
|
|
| ```python |
| import polars as pl |
| |
| df = pl.scan_parquet("hf://datasets/Lightcap/multi-domain-cloudflare-observability/data/http_dimension_groups.parquet") |
| |
| top_paths = ( |
| df.filter(pl.col("grouping") == "path") |
| .group_by(["zone_name", "host", "path"]) |
| .agg(pl.sum("requests").alias("requests")) |
| .sort("requests", descending=True) |
| .collect() |
| ) |
| |
| print(top_paths.head()) |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## Coverage And Limitations |
|
|
| - Cloudflare exposes aggregate visitor metrics here, not person-level sessions. `unique_visitors` is the Cloudflare `uniq.uniques` value for the chosen interval. |
| - RUM performance tables include page-load and rendering timings. They do not represent how long a visitor stayed on a page. |
| - Returning visitors, dwell time, bounce rate, and exit pages are not published as direct Cloudflare metrics in this export. `metric_availability` records those gaps explicitly instead of filling them with estimates. |
| - Cloudflare exposes different analytics fields depending on zone, product, plan and retention window. The dataset keeps stable schemas; unsupported fields stay null and are documented in `metadata/cloudflare_graphql_capabilities.json`. |
| - Long-tail dimension tables are bounded by the configured Cloudflare API limits. Rows with `is_limit_boundary = true` reached the requested API limit and should be treated as potentially truncated. |
|
|
| ## Privacy And Safety |
|
|
| - Full client IPs, full user-agent strings, query strings, session hashes, and hidden proxied DNS origins are excluded from the public files. |
| - Firewall event IPs and user agents, when available from Cloudflare, are represented as stable hashes rather than raw values. |
| - Proxied DNS record content is represented by a stable SHA-256 hash. Public redirect targets remain visible because they are part of the observable redirect graph. |
|
|
| Cloudflare references: [GraphQL Analytics API](https://developers.cloudflare.com/analytics/graphql-api/), [Web Analytics metrics](https://developers.cloudflare.com/web-analytics/data-metrics/). |
|
|
| ## Suggested Analyses |
|
|
| Traffic seasonality, bot-heavy domains, redirect concentration, anomaly detection, domain portfolio routing, DNS hygiene, cache behavior, country/ASN distribution, status-code drift, and launch-date inference from first observed traffic all work directly from the published tables. |
|
|
