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Ahmed (1919–1974) was a Kenyan elephant with unusually large tusks. He spent some of his time in the area of Mount Marsabit, and was the first elephant to be protected under Kenyan presidential decree. He was the subject of a Google Doodle on 6 December 2023. Little is known about Ahmed the elephant's early life, but h...	{ "page_id": 75500686, "title": "Ahmed (elephant)" }
Ytterbium fluoride may refer to: Ytterbium(II) fluoride (ytterbium difluoride), YbF2 Ytterbium(III) fluoride (ytterbium trifluoride), YbF3	{ "page_id": 67112078, "title": "Ytterbium fluoride" }
Attention or focus, is the concentration of awareness on some phenomenon to the exclusion of other stimuli. It is the selective concentration on discrete information, either subjectively or objectively. William James (1890) wrote that "Attention is the taking possession by the mind, in clear and vivid form, of one out ...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
as it can have effects in fields ranging from mental health and the study of disorders of consciousness to artificial intelligence and its domains of research. == Contemporary definition and research == Prior to the founding of psychology as a scientific discipline, attention was studied in the field of philosophy. Thu...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
attention. A definition of a psychological construct forms a research approach to its study. In scientific works, attention often coincides and substitutes the notion of intentionality due to the extent of semantic uncertainty in the linguistic explanations of these notions' definitions. Intentionality has in turn been...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
something”, arising even unconsciously), the description of the construct of attention should be understood in the dynamical sense as the ability to elevate the clear perception of the narrow region of the content of consciousness and to keep in mind this state for a time. The attention threshold would be the period of...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
should be understood as “the state of concentration of an individual's consciousness on the process of selecting by his own psyche the information he requires and on the process of choosing an algorithm for response actions, which involves the intensification of sensory and intellectual activities”. == Selective and vi...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
change in size can be described by a trade-off in the efficiency of processing. The zoom-lens of attention can be described in terms of an inverse trade-off between the size of focus and the efficiency of processing: because attention resources are assumed to be fixed, then it follows that the larger the focus is, the ...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
will help bring features all together to make sense of what is perceived. The case of R.M's damage to his parietal lobe, also known as Balint's syndrome, shows the incorporation of focused attention and combination of features in the role of attention. Through sequencing these steps, parallel and serial search is bette...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
to his previous 1962 book Higher Cortical Functions in Man. In this volume, Luria summarized his three-part global theory of the working brain as being composed of three constantly co-active processes which he described as the; (1) Attention system, (2) Mnestic (memory) system, and (3) Cortical activation system. The t...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
driving while performing another task, such as texting, eating, or even speaking to passengers in the vehicle, or with a friend over a cellphone. This research reveals that the human attentional system has limits for what it can process: driving performance is worse while engaged in other tasks; drivers make more mista...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
paradigms points at the importance of tasks. As an alternative, resource theory has been proposed as a more accurate metaphor for explaining divided attention on complex tasks. Resource theory states that as each complex task is automatized, performing that task requires less of the individual's limited-capacity attent...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
orienting is the act of selectively attending to an item or location over others by moving the eyes to point in that direction. Overt orienting can be directly observed in the form of eye movements. Although overt eye movements are quite common, there is a distinction that can be made between two types of eye movements...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
In support of this, general theories of attention actively assume bottom-up (reflexive) processes and top-down (voluntary) processes converge on a common neural architecture, in that they control both covert and overt attentional systems. For example, if individuals attend to the right hand corner field of view, moveme...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
and invalid cues. They concluded that valid peripheral cues benefit performance, for instance when the peripheral cues are brief flashes at the relevant location before the onset of a visual stimulus. Psychologists Michael Posner and Yoav Cohen (1984) noted a reversal of this benefit takes place when the interval betwe...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
the topic heading of "bottom-up" versus "top-down" orientations to attention. Researchers of this school have described two different aspects of how the mind focuses attention to items present in the environment. The first aspect is called bottom-up processing, also known as stimulus-driven attention or exogenous atten...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
as well as the relevant. The cognitive mechanism refers to the actual processing of the stimuli. Studies regarding this showed that the ability to process stimuli decreased with age, meaning that younger people were able to perceive more stimuli and fully process them, but were likely to process both relevant and irrel...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
is a very basic function that often is a precursor to all other neurological/cognitive functions. As is frequently the case, clinical models of attention differ from investigation models. One of the most used models for the evaluation of attention in patients with very different neurologic pathologies is the model of S...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
attention called 'vigilant attention'. Thereby, vigilant attention is the ability to give sustained attention to a stimulus or task that might ordinarily be insufficiently engaging to prevent our attention being distracted by other stimuli or tasks. === Neural correlates === Most experiments show that one neural correl...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
stimuli located in the relevant area. At the next lower level, a variety of spatial maps are found in the parietal cortex. In particular, the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) contains a saliency map and is interconnected both with the FEF and with sensory areas. Exogenous attentional guidance in humans and monkeys is b...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
Jules Henry suggested that there are societal differences in sensitivity to signals from many ongoing sources that call for the awareness of several levels of attention simultaneously. He tied his speculation to ethnographic observations of communities in which children are involved in a complex social community with m...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
Being present allows the child to focus their attention on the actions being performed by their parents, elders, and/or older siblings. In order to learn in this way, keen attention and focus is required. Eventually the child is expected to be able to perform these skills themselves. In one study, it was found that whe...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
phase information are made use of. The Neural Abstraction Pyramid is a hierarchical recurrent convolutional model, which incorporates bottom-up and top-down flow of information to iteratively interpret images. === Hemispatial neglect === Hemispatial neglect, also called unilateral neglect, often occurs when people have...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
researches has shown that self-related information such as own face and name automatically captures attention and is preferentially processed comparing to other-related information. These contrasting effects between attending-to-others and attending-to-self prompt a synthetic view in a recent Opinion article proposing ...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
it harder to control your focus of attention. The other theory is that emotions make it harder to filter out distractions, specifically with positive emotions due to a feeling of security. Another distracting factor to attention processes is insufficient sleep. Sleep deprivation is found to impair cognition, specifical...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
times for participants to notice the difference. This idea is greatly portrayed in films that have continuity errors. Many people do not pick up on differences when in reality, the changes tend to be significant. == History of the study == === Philosophical period === Psychologist Daniel E. Berlyne credits the first ex...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
tied to ones already existing in the mind. Herbart was also the first person to stress the importance of applying mathematical modeling to the study of psychology. Throughout the philosophical era, various thinkers made significant contributions to the field of attention studies, beginning with research on the extent o...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
see the stimulus of the star and write down the time was being called an "observation error" but actually was the time it takes to switch voluntarily one's attention from one stimulus to another. Wundt called his school of psychology voluntarism. It was his belief that psychological processes can only be understood in ...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought. Focalization, concentration, of consciousness are of its essence. It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others, and is a condition which has a real opposite in the confused, ...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
by a refractory phase during which neurons are less sensitive to stimulation. In 1935 John Ridley Stroop developed the Stroop Task which elicited the Stroop Effect. Stroop's task showed that irrelevant stimulus information can have a major impact on performance. In this task, subjects were to look at a list of colors. ...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
stream. After the task, the experimenter would question the subjects about the content of the unattended stream. Broadbent's Filter Model of Attention states that information is held in a pre-attentive temporary store, and only sensory events that have some physical feature in common are selected to pass into the limit...	{ "page_id": 68753, "title": "Attention" }
Pickled fruit refers to fruit that has been pickled. Pickling is the process of food preservation by either anaerobic fermentation in brine or immersion in vinegar. Many types of fruit are pickled. Some examples include peaches, apples, crabapples, pears, plums, grapes, currants, tomatoes and olives. Vinegar may also b...	{ "page_id": 46402706, "title": "Pickled fruit" }
some other species make grapes a unique flavor. == Cantaloupe == The cantaloupe is a summer season fruit, which can be pickled and refrigerated to be able to eat it during the rest of the year. The cantaloupe can be pickled using champagne vinegar, hot water, granulated sugar, ice, mustard seed, celery seed, Aleppo pep...	{ "page_id": 46402706, "title": "Pickled fruit" }
Much insight in quantum mechanics can be gained from understanding the closed-form solutions to the time-dependent non-relativistic Schrödinger equation. It takes the form H ^ ψ ( r , t ) = [ − ℏ 2 2 m ∇ 2 + V ( r ) ] ψ ( r , t ) = i ℏ ∂ ψ ( r , t ) ∂ t , {\displaystyle {\hat {H}}\psi {\left(\mathbf {r} ,t\right)}=\lef...	{ "page_id": 9505941, "title": "List of quantum-mechanical systems with analytical solutions" }
with an applied uniform field The Inverse square root potential The periodic potential The particle in a lattice The particle in a lattice of finite length The Pöschl–Teller potential The quantum pendulum The three-dimensional potentials The rotating system The linear rigid rotor The symmetric top The particle in a sph...	{ "page_id": 9505941, "title": "List of quantum-mechanical systems with analytical solutions" }
"The Parable of the Sunfish" is an anecdote with which Ezra Pound opens ABC of Reading, a 1934 work of literary criticism. Pound uses this anecdote to emphasize an empirical approach for learning about art, in contrast to relying on commentary rooted in abstraction. While the parable is based on students' recollections...	{ "page_id": 36506774, "title": "Parable of the Sunfish" }
Pound contrasts this empiricism against knowledge gained through increasingly abstract definitions. As an example, Pound relates what might happen if a European is asked to define "red". After the initial response that red is a color, Pound imagines asking for a definition of color and having it described in terms of v...	{ "page_id": 36506774, "title": "Parable of the Sunfish" }
fish.": 68 ==== "The Teacher's Mission" ==== Also in 1934, Pound published an essay critiquing existing methods for teaching literature in general and university-level instruction methods in particular. He identifies the root of the problem as abstraction and uses the word "liberty" as an example of a term where a spec...	{ "page_id": 36506774, "title": "Parable of the Sunfish" }
the stipulation that Shaler not discuss it with anyone or read anything on the topic until Agassiz had given him permission. When Shaler asked Agassiz for more explicit instructions, Agassiz replied that he could not be more explicit than saying "[f]ind out what you can without damaging the specimen".: 98 After the fir...	{ "page_id": 36506774, "title": "Parable of the Sunfish" }
the jar ... In ten minutes I had seen all that could be seen in that fish, and started in search of the Professor – who had, however, left the Museum; and when I returned, after lingering over some of the odd animals stored in the upper apartment, my specimen was dry all over. I dashed the fluid over the fish as if to ...	{ "page_id": 36506774, "title": "Parable of the Sunfish" }
to make young students depend on natural objects rather than on statements in books"),: 27 and Professor Edward S. Morse, who wrote that Agassiz's method was "simply to let the student study intimately one object at a time.": 48 (footnote) Cooper prefigures Pound's interest by remarking on the "close, though not obviou...	{ "page_id": 36506774, "title": "Parable of the Sunfish" }
the hierarchy: at the time, this would have been "a distinct genus, a distinct family, a distinct class, a distinct branch.": 7–8 The point of the sunfish is not observing characteristics that distinguish individuals, species and genus, but rather characteristics that are held in common higher up the taxonomic hierarch...	{ "page_id": 36506774, "title": "Parable of the Sunfish" }
controlled by a particular scientific paradigm".: 654 Author Bob Perelman takes the suspicion of empiricism one step further in his 1994 The Trouble With Genius: Reading Pound, Joyce, Stein, and Zukofsky. Perelman discusses the parable as one of two anecdotes in ABC of Reading that frame Pound's discussion of Chinese i...	{ "page_id": 36506774, "title": "Parable of the Sunfish" }
teaches Pound that all knowledge is necessarily fragmented and does not constitute a whole.": 74 Knowledge of the fish cannot begin until decay has commenced, reducing the specimen to its constituent parts. Peter Nicholas Baker reaches a fundamentally different conclusion. He begins the discussion of the parable by fir...	{ "page_id": 36506774, "title": "Parable of the Sunfish" }
The following is a partial list of the "C" codes for Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), as defined by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM). This list continues the information at List of MeSH codes (C15). Codes following these are found at List of MeSH codes (C17). For other MeSH codes, see List of MeSH c...	{ "page_id": 5115037, "title": "List of MeSH codes (C16)" }
==== ==== MeSH C16.131.240 – cardiovascular abnormalities ==== MeSH C16.131.240.110 – arterio-arterial fistula MeSH C16.131.240.150 – arteriovenous malformations MeSH C16.131.240.150.125 – arteriovenous fistula MeSH C16.131.240.150.295 – intracranial arteriovenous malformations MeSH C16.131.240.275 – central nervous sy...	{ "page_id": 5115037, "title": "List of MeSH codes (C16)" }
MeSH C16.131.260.800.870 – Turner syndrome MeSH C16.131.260.940 – WAGR syndrome MeSH C16.131.260.970 – Williams syndrome ==== MeSH C16.131.300 – DiGeorge syndrome ==== ==== MeSH C16.131.314 – digestive system abnormalities ==== MeSH C16.131.314.094 – anus, imperforate MeSH C16.131.314.125 – biliary atresia MeSH C16.131...	{ "page_id": 5115037, "title": "List of MeSH codes (C16)" }
MeSH C16.131.621.585 – limb deformities, congenital MeSH C16.131.621.585.350 – ectromelia MeSH C16.131.621.585.380 – foot deformities, congenital MeSH C16.131.621.585.425 – hand deformities, congenital MeSH C16.131.621.585.512 – lower extremity deformities, congenital MeSH C16.131.621.585.600 – polydactyly MeSH C16.131...	{ "page_id": 5115037, "title": "List of MeSH codes (C16)" }
situs inversus ==== MeSH C16.131.810.250 – dextrocardia MeSH C16.131.810.250.500 – kartagener syndrome MeSH C16.131.810.700 – levocardia ==== MeSH C16.131.831 – skin abnormalities ==== MeSH C16.131.831.066 – acrodermatitis MeSH C16.131.831.150 – dyskeratosis congenita MeSH C16.131.831.350 – ectodermal dysplasia MeSH C1...	{ "page_id": 5115037, "title": "List of MeSH codes (C16)" }
==== MeSH C16.131.939.132 – bladder exstrophy MeSH C16.131.939.258 – cryptorchidism MeSH C16.131.939.374 – epispadias MeSH C16.131.939.445 – frasier syndrome MeSH C16.131.939.516 – hypospadias MeSH C16.131.939.629 – multicystic dysplastic kidney MeSH C16.131.939.742 – nephritis, hereditary MeSH C16.131.939.842 – sex di...	{ "page_id": 5115037, "title": "List of MeSH codes (C16)" }
==== MeSH C16.320.099.037 – activated protein C resistance MeSH C16.320.099.056 – afibrinogenemia MeSH C16.320.099.075 – antithrombin III deficiency MeSH C16.320.099.080 – Bernard–Soulier syndrome MeSH C16.320.099.300 – factor V deficiency MeSH C16.320.099.310 – factor VII deficiency MeSH C16.320.099.320 – factor X def...	{ "page_id": 5115037, "title": "List of MeSH codes (C16)" }
piebaldism MeSH C16.320.290.078 – aniridia MeSH C16.320.290.078.950 – WAGR syndrome MeSH C16.320.290.142 – choroideremia MeSH C16.320.290.162 – corneal dystrophies, hereditary MeSH C16.320.290.162.410 – Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy MeSH C16.320.290.235 – Duane retraction syndrome MeSH C16.320.290.468 – gyrate atrophy M...	{ "page_id": 5115037, "title": "List of MeSH codes (C16)" }
MeSH C16.320.400.024 – Alexander disease MeSH C16.320.400.050 – amyloid neuropathies, familial MeSH C16.320.400.150 – Canavan disease MeSH C16.320.400.200 – Cockayne syndrome MeSH C16.320.400.330 – dystonia musculorum deformans MeSH C16.320.400.350 – Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker disease MeSH C16.320.400.375 – Hallerv...	{ "page_id": 5115037, "title": "List of MeSH codes (C16)" }
C16.320.480 – kartagener syndrome ==== ==== MeSH C16.320.540 – marfan syndrome ==== ==== MeSH C16.320.565 – metabolism, inborn errors ==== MeSH C16.320.565.066 – amino acid metabolism, inborn errors MeSH C16.320.565.066.102 – albinism MeSH C16.320.565.066.102.090 – albinism, ocular MeSH C16.320.565.066.102.100 – albini...	{ "page_id": 5115037, "title": "List of MeSH codes (C16)" }
gangliosidoses GM2 MeSH C16.320.565.150.435.825.300.300.800 – Sandhoff disease MeSH C16.320.565.150.435.825.300.300.840 – Tay–Sachs disease MeSH C16.320.565.150.435.825.300.300.920 – Tay–Sachs disease, AB variant MeSH C16.320.565.150.435.825.300.400 – gangliosidosis GM1 MeSH C16.320.565.150.435.825.400 – Gaucher diseas...	{ "page_id": 5115037, "title": "List of MeSH codes (C16)" }
mucopolysaccharidosis VI MeSH C16.320.565.202.715.675 – mucopolysaccharidosis VII MeSH C16.320.565.202.720 – multiple carboxylase deficiency MeSH C16.320.565.202.720.100 – biotinidase deficiency MeSH C16.320.565.202.720.380 – holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency MeSH C16.320.565.202.742 – nesidioblastosis MeSH C16.320...	{ "page_id": 5115037, "title": "List of MeSH codes (C16)" }
C16.320.565.556.750.970 – Zellweger syndrome MeSH C16.320.565.556.850 – Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome MeSH C16.320.565.556.925 – xanthomatosis, cerebrotendinous MeSH C16.320.565.580 – lysosomal storage diseases MeSH C16.320.565.580.201 – cholesterol ester storage disease MeSH C16.320.565.580.554 – lysosomal storage diseas...	{ "page_id": 5115037, "title": "List of MeSH codes (C16)" }
porphyria, erythropoietic MeSH C16.320.565.735 – porphyrias, hepatic MeSH C16.320.565.735.074 – coproporphyria, hereditary MeSH C16.320.565.735.150 – porphyria, acute intermittent MeSH C16.320.565.735.250 – porphyria cutanea tarda MeSH C16.320.565.735.437 – porphyria, hepatoerythropoietic MeSH C16.320.565.735.625 – por...	{ "page_id": 5115037, "title": "List of MeSH codes (C16)" }
multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b MeSH C16.320.700.642 – Wilms' tumor MeSH C16.320.700.642.220 – Denys–Drash syndrome MeSH C16.320.700.642.950 – WAGR syndrome MeSH C16.320.700.645 – Neurofibromatosis MeSH C16.320.700.645.650 – neurofibromatosis 1 MeSH C16.320.700.645.655 – neurofibromatosis 2 MeSH C16.320.700.705 – ...	{ "page_id": 5115037, "title": "List of MeSH codes (C16)" }
=== ==== MeSH C16.614.042 – amniotic band syndrome ==== ==== MeSH C16.614.053 – anemia, neonatal ==== MeSH C16.614.053.344 – fetofetal transfusion MeSH C16.614.053.511 – fetomaternal transfusion ==== MeSH C16.614.092 – asphyxia neonatorum ==== ==== MeSH C16.614.131 – birth injuries ==== MeSH C16.614.131.587 – paralysis...	{ "page_id": 5115037, "title": "List of MeSH codes (C16)" }
C16.614.947 – Wolman disease ==== The list continues at List of MeSH codes (C17).	{ "page_id": 5115037, "title": "List of MeSH codes (C16)" }
The New Zealand Fungarium (PDD): Te Kohinga Hekaheka o Aotearoa is the major collection of New Zealand fungi. It is one of the largest collections in the Southern Hemisphere. The Fungarium is designated a Nationally Significant Collection by the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment. == History == The accessi...	{ "page_id": 78318750, "title": "New Zealand Fungarium" }
are endangered. As a result, 30 species were added to the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List. == References == == External links == Meet Maj Padamsee, curator of the New Zealand Fungarium (2022) Meet Adrienne Stanton, collection manager at the NZ Fungarium \| Te Kohinga Hekaheka o Aotearoa (2022) ...	{ "page_id": 78318750, "title": "New Zealand Fungarium" }
The Cotton effect in physics, is the characteristic change in optical rotatory dispersion and/or circular dichroism in the vicinity of an absorption band of a substance. In a wavelength region where the light is absorbed, the absolute magnitude of the optical rotation at first varies rapidly with wavelength, crosses ze...	{ "page_id": 2952350, "title": "Cotton effect" }
The Aston–Greenburg rearrangement is a name reaction in organic chemistry. It allows for the generation of tertiary α-alkylesters from corresponding α-haloketones through a 1,2-rearrangement, with the use of an alkoxide. == Mechanism == == References ==	{ "page_id": 71306402, "title": "Aston–Greenburg rearrangement" }
The International Conference on Bioinformatics (InCoB) is a scientific conference on bioinformatics aimed at scientists in the Asia Pacific region. It has been held annually since 2002. Originally organised by coordination between the Asia Pacific Bioinformatics Network (APBioNet) and the Thailand National Center for G...	{ "page_id": 12848292, "title": "International Conference on Bioinformatics" }
== == External links == APBioNet Website InCoB Website == References ==	{ "page_id": 12848292, "title": "International Conference on Bioinformatics" }
Segmented filamentous bacteria or Candidatus Savagella are members of the gut microbiota of rodents, fish and chickens, and have been shown to potently induce immune responses in mice. They form a distinct lineage within the Clostridiaceae and the name Candidatus Savagella has been proposed for this lineage. They were ...	{ "page_id": 29363365, "title": "Segmented filamentous bacteria" }
FG; Beynen AC (June 1992). "Intestinal, segmented, filamentous bacteria". FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 8 (3–4): 165–80. doi:10.1016/0378-1097(92)90801-t. PMID 1515159.	{ "page_id": 29363365, "title": "Segmented filamentous bacteria" }
The molecular formula C22H31N3O2 (molar mass: 369.50 g/mol, exact mass: 369.2416 u) may refer to: Solvent Yellow 124 Piboserod	{ "page_id": 32181415, "title": "C22H31N3O2" }
Invasion genetics is the area of study within biology that examines evolutionary processes in the context of biological invasions. Invasion genetics considers how genetic and demographic factors affect the success of a species introduced outside of its native range, and how the mechanisms of evolution, such as natural ...	{ "page_id": 63048872, "title": "Invasion genetics" }
population genetics, which provided the conceptual basis for studying how evolutionary processes shape variation in populations. This development was crucial to the emergence of invasion genetics, which is concerned with the evolution of populations of introduced species. The beginning of invasion genetics as a distinc...	{ "page_id": 63048872, "title": "Invasion genetics" }
three stages: escaping, establishing, and becoming a pest. Since then, there has been an expanding effort to develop a framework for categorizing biological invasions in terms that are neutral with respect to a species' environmental and economic impacts. This approach has allowed biologists to focus on the processes w...	{ "page_id": 63048872, "title": "Invasion genetics" }
pathogens. While some of the traits, such as ease of germination, may aid a species in transport or introduction, most of the traits Baker identified were primarily conducive to establishment and spread. Advances in the study of molecular evolution may help biologists to understand better the processes of transport and...	{ "page_id": 63048872, "title": "Invasion genetics" }
G. Baker's list of 14 "ideal weed characteristics", published in the 1965 volume The Genetics of Colonizing Species, has been the basis for investigation into characteristics which could contribute to invasion success of plants. Since Baker first proposed this list, researchers have debated whether or not particular tr...	{ "page_id": 63048872, "title": "Invasion genetics" }
is nonlinear and may depend on factors such as the effect size of adaptive loci (in quantitative genetics, effect size refers to the magnitude of change in a phenotypic trait value associated with a particular locus) and the presence of cryptic variation. === Phenotypic plasticity === Phenotypic plasticity is the expre...	{ "page_id": 63048872, "title": "Invasion genetics" }
range or where they are introduced. In these environments natural selection can act on these introduced populations, provided that there is sufficient genetic variation present in the population, which may lead to local adaptation. Such adaptation can facilitate both the establishment and spread of an introduced specie...	{ "page_id": 63048872, "title": "Invasion genetics" }
pollution. === Evolutionary responses of native species to invaders === Because biological invasions can have a profound impact on the invaded environment, it is expected that the arrival of invasive species creates new selective pressures on native organisms, typically through competitive or predatory interactions. Th...	{ "page_id": 63048872, "title": "Invasion genetics" }
The molecular formula C18H12O4 (molar mass: 292.28 g/mol, exact mass: 292.0736 u) may refer to: Karanjin Polyporic acid	{ "page_id": 26348712, "title": "C18H12O4" }
In optics, optical rotatory dispersion is the variation of the specific rotation of a medium with respect to the wavelength of light. Usually described by German physicist Paul Drude's empirical relation: [ α ] λ T = ∑ n = 0 ∞ A n λ 2 − λ n 2 {\displaystyle [\alpha ]_{\lambda }^{T}=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {A_{n}}{\...	{ "page_id": 2952363, "title": "Optical rotatory dispersion" }
absorbed by the optically active sample, the two circularly polarized components will be absorbed to differing extents. This unequal absorption is known as circular dichroism. Circular dichroism causes incident linearly polarized light to become elliptically polarized. The two phenomena are closely related, just as are...	{ "page_id": 2952363, "title": "Optical rotatory dispersion" }
Sir William Henry Bragg (2 July 1862 – 12 March 1942) was an English physicist and X-ray crystallographer who uniquely shared a Nobel Prize with his son Lawrence Bragg – the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics: "for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays". == Biography == === Early years === Bra...	{ "page_id": 396459, "title": "William Henry Bragg" }
of electromagnetism. In 1895, he was visited by Ernest Rutherford, en route from New Zealand to Cambridge; this was the commencement of a lifelong friendship. Bragg had a keen interest in the new discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Röntgen. On 29 May 1896 at Adelaide, Bragg demonstrated before a meeting of local doctors the...	{ "page_id": 396459, "title": "William Henry Bragg" }
ably assisted in the laboratory by Arthur Lionel Rogers who manufactured much of the equipment. On 21 September 1897 Bragg gave the first recorded public demonstration of the working of wireless telegraphy in Australia during a lecture meeting at the University of Adelaide as part of the Public Teachers' Union conferen...	{ "page_id": 396459, "title": "William Henry Bragg" }
London. This paper was also the origin of his first book Studies in Radioactivity (1912). Soon after the delivery of his 1904 address, some radium bromide was made available to Bragg for experimentation. In December 1904 his paper "On the Absorption of α Rays and on the Classification of the α Rays from Radium" appeare...	{ "page_id": 396459, "title": "William Henry Bragg" }
Quain Professor of Physics at University College London. He had to wait for almost a year to contribute to the war effort: finally, in July 1915, he was appointed to the Board of Invention and Research set up by the Admiralty. In September, his younger son Robert died of wounds at Gallipoli. In November, he shared the ...	{ "page_id": 396459, "title": "William Henry Bragg" }
guns by the sound of their firing, the output from six microphones miles apart along the coast were recorded on moving photographic film. Sound ranging is much more accurate in the sea than in the turbulent atmosphere. They were able to localize the sites of distant explosions, which were used to obtain the precise pos...	{ "page_id": 396459, "title": "William Henry Bragg" }
1940, as Bragg's term ended, a scientific advisory committee to the War Cabinet was appointed. Bragg was among the 2,300 names of prominent persons listed on the Nazis' Special Search List, of those who were to be arrested on the invasion of Great Britain and turned over to the Gestapo. Bragg died in 1942. == Honours a...	{ "page_id": 396459, "title": "William Henry Bragg" }
William at the University of Adelaide, and Robert was killed in the Battle of Gallipoli. Bragg's wife, Gwendoline, died in 1929. Bragg played tennis and golf, and as a founding member of the North Adelaide and Adelaide University Lacrosse Clubs, contributed to the introduction of lacrosse to South Australia and was als...	{ "page_id": 396459, "title": "William Henry Bragg" }
Bragg, "X Rays and Crystal Structure", G. Bell & Son, London, 1915. William Henry Bragg, The World of Sound (1920) William Henry Bragg, The Crystalline State – The Romanes Lecture for 1925. Oxford, 1925. William Henry Bragg, Concerning the Nature of Things (1925) William Henry Bragg, Old Trades and New Knowledge (1926)...	{ "page_id": 396459, "title": "William Henry Bragg" }
at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)	{ "page_id": 396459, "title": "William Henry Bragg" }
The molecular formula C24H36O2 (molar mass: 356.54 g/mol, exact mass: 356.2715 u) may refer to: JWH-138 JWH-359 Nisinic acid	{ "page_id": 40176820, "title": "C24H36O2" }
The molecular formula C28H48O6 (molar mass: 480.69 g/mol, exact mass: 480.3451 u) may refer to: Brassinolide 24-Epibrassinolide	{ "page_id": 25693365, "title": "C28H48O6" }
Evolution Without Evidence: Charles Darwin and "The Origin of Species" is a 1982 book by historian Barry G. Gale. Contrary to the title, the book is not on the Creation–evolution controversy. Gale attempts to explain why Charles Darwin waited twenty years to publish his theory of natural selection and how his theory ev...	{ "page_id": 48106681, "title": "Evolution Without Evidence" }
different bases of beliefs. However Gray became a proponent for Darwin's theory and garner support for it by incorporating the theory as an extension of a divine creator. Joseph Hooker was a British botanist famously argued in favor of Darwin's theory against the then bishop of Oxford. In his essay the introductory Int...	{ "page_id": 48106681, "title": "Evolution Without Evidence" }
and the Origin. The Florida Entomologist. Vol. 68, No. 1. pp. 11–17. Wyhe, John van. (2007). Mind the Gap: Did Darwin Avoid Publishing His Theory for Many Years? Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. Vol. 61, No. 2. pp. 177–205.	{ "page_id": 48106681, "title": "Evolution Without Evidence" }
Isinglass ( EYE-zing-gla(h)ss) is a form of collagen obtained from the dried swim bladders of fish. The English word origin is from the obsolete Dutch huizenblaas – huizen is a kind of sturgeon, and blaas is a bladder, or German Hausenblase, meaning essentially the same. The bladders, once removed from the fish, proces...	{ "page_id": 265407, "title": "Isinglass" }
the sediment from these beers can often be filtered without using isinglass. However, some breweries still use isinglass finings for non-cask beers, especially when attempting to repair bad batches. Many vegetarians consider beers that are processed with these finings (such as most cask-conditioned ales in the UK) to b...	{ "page_id": 265407, "title": "Isinglass" }
submerged in solutions of waterglass, and a gel of silicic acid formed, also sealing the pores of the eggshell. == Conservation == Isinglass is also used as an adhesive to repair parchment, stucco and damage to paintings on canvas. Pieces of the best Russian isinglass are soaked overnight to soften and swell the dried ...	{ "page_id": 265407, "title": "Isinglass" }
side screens (but totally inflexible). Mentioned several times in chapter 68 of Moby Dick by Herman Melville, in a discussion of whale skin and blubber. Mentioned in The Book of Life by Deborah Harkness, "her scales fell like isinglass", in reference to the scales of a fire drake named Corra, and in Mark Twain's The Gi...	{ "page_id": 265407, "title": "Isinglass" }

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