dataset stringclasses 1
value | id stringlengths 1 5 | messages listlengths 2 2 |
|---|---|---|
query-laysum | 203 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nEpilepsy is clinically defined as two or more unprovoked epileptic seizures more than 24 hours apart. Given that, a diagnosis of epilepsy can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality, it is imperative that clinicians (and people with seizures... |
query-laysum | 204 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nThis is an updated version of a Cochrane Review previously published in 2019.\nCatamenial epilepsy describes worsening seizures in relation to the menstrual cycle and may affect around 40% of women with epilepsy. Vulnerable days of the menstrual cycle for ... |
query-laysum | 205 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nChagas disease-related cardiomyopathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Latin America. Despite the substantial burden to the healthcare system, there is uncertainty regarding the efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for treatin... |
query-laysum | 206 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nSome hospital patients may be at risk of or may present with major bleeding. Abnormalities of clotting (coagulation) are often recorded in these people, and the traditional management has been with transfusions of blood components, either to prevent bleedi... |
query-laysum | 207 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nThe prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, yet nutritional management remains contentious. It has been suggested that low glycaemic index (GI) or low glycaemic load (GL) diets may stimulate greater weight loss than higher GI/GL diets or other weigh... |
query-laysum | 208 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nElevated levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein play an important role in the development of atheromas and, therefore, in cardiovascular diseases. Cholesterol biosynthesis follows a circadian rhythm and is principally produced at night (be... |
query-laysum | 209 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nThe success of epidural anaesthesia depends on correct identification of the epidural space. For several decades, the decision of whether to use air or physiological saline during the loss of resistance technique for identification of the epidural space ha... |
query-laysum | 210 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nDespite antiretroviral therapy (ART) being widely available, HIV continues to cause substantial illness and premature death in low-and-middle-income countries. High rates of loss to follow-up after HIV diagnosis can delay people starting ART. Starting ART ... |
query-laysum | 211 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nSymptoms of anxiety and depression are common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Antidepressants are taken by approximately 30% of people with IBD. However, there are no current guidelines on treating co-morbid anxiety and depression in people with IBD w... |
query-laysum | 212 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nBetween 4% and 25% of school-aged children at some stage complain of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) of sufficient severity to interfere with their daily lives. When no clear organic cause is found, the children are managed with reassurance and simple measu... |
query-laysum | 213 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nPrimary healthcare, particularly Indigenous-led services, are well placed to deliver services that reflect the needs of Indigenous children and their families. Important characteristics identified by families for primary health care include services that s... |
query-laysum | 214 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nPrimary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) accounts for 50% of glaucoma blindness worldwide. More than three-quarters of individuals with PACG reside in Asia. In these populations, PACG often develops insidiously leading to chronically raised intraocular pressu... |
query-laysum | 215 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nCardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death globally. According to the World Health Organization, 7.4 million people died from ischaemic heart diseases in 2012, constituting 15% of all deaths. Acute myocardial infarction is caused by blockage o... |
query-laysum | 216 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nSalivary gland dysfunction is an 'umbrella' term for the presence of either xerostomia (subjective sensation of dryness), or salivary gland hypofunction (reduction in saliva production). It is a predictable side effect of radiotherapy to the head and neck ... |
query-laysum | 217 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nTransurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is a well-established surgical method for treatment of men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic obstruction (BPO). This has traditionally been provided as monopolar TURP (MTUR... |
query-laysum | 218 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nCognitive impairments affect functional ability in people with dementia. Cognitive rehabilitation (CR) is a personalised, solution-focused approach that aims to enable people with mild-to-moderate dementia to manage everyday activities and maintain as much... |
query-laysum | 219 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nFluid therapy is one of the main interventions provided for critically ill patients, although there is no general consensus regarding the type of solution. Among crystalloid solutions, 0.9% saline is the most commonly administered. Buffered solutions may o... |
query-laysum | 220 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nOvarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer among women and the leading cause of death in women with gynaecological malignancies. Opinions differ regarding the role of ultra-radical (extensive) cytoreductive surgery in ovarian cancer treatment.\nObjec... |
query-laysum | 221 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nPsoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease that presents with itching, red, scaling plaques; its worsening has been associated with obesity, drinking, smoking, lack of sleep, and a sedentary lifestyle. Lifestyle changes may improve psoriasis.\nObjectives\nT... |
query-laysum | 222 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nSurgery is sometimes recommended for persistent lateral elbow pain where other less invasive interventions have failed.\nObjectives\nTo determine the benefits and safety of surgery for lateral elbow pain.\nSearch methods\nWe searched CENTRAL (The Cochrane ... |
query-laysum | 223 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nAsparaginase has played a crucial role in the improvement of survival in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), which is the commonest cancer among children. Survival rates have steadily increased over decades since the introduction of asparagi... |
query-laysum | 224 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nHodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a B-cell lymphoma accounting for 10% to 15% of all lymphoma in industrialised countries. It has a bimodal age distribution with one peak around the age of 30 years and another after the age of 60 years. Although HL accounts for few... |
query-laysum | 225 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nCalcineurin inhibitors (CNI) can reduce acute transplant rejection and immediate graft loss but are associated with significant adverse effects such as hypertension and nephrotoxicity which may contribute to chronic rejection. CNI toxicity has led to numer... |
query-laysum | 226 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nThe development of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and poor clinical outcomes are associated with hyperinflammation and a complex dysregulation of the immune response. Colchicine is an anti-inflammatory medicine and is thought to improve disease... |
query-laysum | 227 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nMelanoma has one of the fastest rising incidence rates of any cancer. It accounts for a small percentage of skin cancer cases but is responsible for the majority of skin cancer deaths. Early detection and treatment is key to improving survival; however, an... |
query-laysum | 228 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nGastric tubes are commonly used for the administration of drugs and tube feeding for people who are unable to swallow. Feeding via a tube misplaced in the trachea can result in severe pneumonia. Therefore, the confirmation of tube placement in the stomach ... |
query-laysum | 229 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common circulatory problem that can lead to reduced blood flow to the limbs, which may result in critical limb ischaemia (CLI), a painful manifestation that occurs when a person is at rest. The mainstay of treatment f... |
query-laysum | 230 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nMisoprostol given orally is a commonly used labour induction method. Our Cochrane Review is restricted to studies with low-dose misoprostol (initially ≤ 50 µg), as higher doses pose unacceptably high risks of uterine hyperstimulation.\nObjectives\nTo asses... |
query-laysum | 231 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nVitamin A deficiency is a significant public health problem in many low- and middle-income countries, especially affecting young children, women of reproductive age, and pregnant women. Fortification of staple foods with vitamin A has been used to increase... |
query-laysum | 232 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nChronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are serious conditions in which patients are predisposed to viral and bacterial infections resulting in potentially fatal acute exacerbations. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is defi... |
query-laysum | 233 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nIn a previous Cochrane Review, we found that for women with metastatic breast cancer unselected for triple-negative disease, there is little or no survival benefit and excess toxicity from platinum-based regimens. In subgroup analyses, however, we found pr... |
query-laysum | 234 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nThis is an updated version of the original Cochrane Review published in the Cochrane Library 2013, Issue 9. Despite good evidence for the health benefits of regular exercise for people living with or beyond cancer, understanding how to promote sustainable ... |
query-laysum | 235 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nGingival recession is defined as the oral exposure of the root surface due to a displacement of the gingival margin apical to the cemento-enamel junction and it is regularly linked to the deterioration of dental aesthetics. Successful treatment of recessio... |
query-laysum | 236 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nDespite advances in treatment, the increasing and ageing population makes heart failure an important cause of morbidity and death worldwide. It is associated with high healthcare costs, partly driven by frequent hospital readmissions. Disease management in... |
query-laysum | 237 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nHigh intake of added sugar have been suggested to impact the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Knowledge on the subject can contribute to preventing CVD.\nObjectives\nTo assess the effects of a high versus low-added sugar consumption for primary preve... |
query-laysum | 238 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nFluvastatin is thought to be the least potent statin on the market, however, the dose-related magnitude of effect of fluvastatin on blood lipids is not known.\nObjectives\nPrimary objective\nTo quantify the effects of various doses of fluvastatin on blood ... |
query-laysum | 239 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nAcute and chronic postoperative pain are important healthcare problems, which can be treated with a combination of opioids and regional anaesthesia. The erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a new regional anaesthesia technique, which might be able to reduc... |
query-laysum | 240 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nLaparoscopy is a common procedure in many surgical specialties. Complications arising from laparoscopy are often related to initial entry into the abdomen. Life-threatening complications include injury to viscera (e.g. bowel, bladder) or to vasculature (e.... |
query-laysum | 241 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nOsteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to increased bone fragility. In people with beta-thalassaemia, osteoporosis represents an important cause of morbidity and is due to a number of fac... |
query-laysum | 242 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nExercise programmes are often recommended for managing ankylosing spondylitis (AS), to reduce pain and improve or maintain functional capacity.\nObjectives\nTo assess the benefits and harms of exercise programmes for people with AS.\nSearch methods\nWe sea... |
query-laysum | 243 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nPolyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplements, involving omega-3 and/or omega-6 components, have been proposed as a therapy for dry eye. Omega-3 PUFAs exist in both short- (alpha-linolenic acid [ALA]) and long-chain (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosah... |
query-laysum | 244 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nClinical guidelines differ regarding their recommended blood glucose targets for patients with type 1 diabetes and recent studies on patients with type 2 diabetes suggest that aiming at very low targets can increase the risk of mortality.\nObjectives\nTo a... |
query-laysum | 245 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nIodine deficiency disorders (IDD) affect close to 1.9 billion people worldwide, and are a major public health concern in many countries. Among children, iodine deficiency is the main cause of potentially preventable deficits of central nervous system devel... |
query-laysum | 246 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nPeriodontitis is a highly prevalent, chronic inflammation that causes damage to the soft tissues and bones supporting the teeth. Conventional treatment is quadrant scaling and root planing (the second step of periodontal therapy), which comprises scaling a... |
query-laysum | 247 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nNitrous oxide has been used for over 160 years for the induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia. It has been used as a sole agent but is most often employed as part of a technique using other anaesthetic gases, intravenous agents, or both. Its low ... |
query-laysum | 248 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nThis is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in the Cochrane Library (2010, Issue 7).\nTo increase the success rate of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), adherence compounds such as hyaluronic acid (HA) have been introduced into subfertil... |
query-laysum | 249 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nRecurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a benign condition of the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract. It is characterised by recurrent papillomatous lesions and is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). Frequent recurrence and rapid papillo... |
query-laysum | 250 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nDementia is a syndrome of acquired cognitive impairment which is severe enough to interfere with independent living. Over the course of the illness, people with dementia also experience changes in emotions, behaviour and social relationships. According to ... |
query-laysum | 251 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nRoutine monitoring of gastric residuals in preterm infants on tube feeds is a common practice in neonatal intensive care units used to guide initiation and advancement of enteral feeding. There is a paucity of consensus on whether to re-feed or discard the... |
query-laysum | 252 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nCoronary heart disease (CHD) is the single most common cause of death globally. However, with falling CHD mortality rates, an increasing number of people live with CHD and may need support to manage their symptoms and improve prognosis. Cardiac rehabilitat... |
query-laysum | 253 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nEndoscopy and surgery are the treatment modalities of choice for patients with chronic pancreatitis and dilated pancreatic duct (obstructive chronic pancreatitis). Physicians face, without clear consensus, the choice between endoscopy or surgery for this g... |
query-laysum | 254 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nEpilepsy is a central nervous system disorder (neurological disorder). Epileptic seizures are the result of excessive and abnormal cortical nerve cell electrical activity in the brain. Despite the development of more than 10 new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) ... |
query-laysum | 255 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nFunctional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) has become a well-established approach for treating patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) refractory to medical management. However, the surgical outcome may be compromised by postoperative inflammation, poly... |
query-laysum | 256 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nStroke is the main cause of disability in high-income countries and ranks second as a cause of death worldwide. Infections occur frequently after stroke and may adversely affect outcome. Preventive antibiotic therapy in the acute phase of stroke may reduce... |
query-laysum | 257 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nMethylxanthines, including caffeine, theophylline, and aminophylline, work as stimulants of the respiratory drive, and decrease apnea of prematurity, a developmental disorder common in preterm infants. In particular, caffeine has been reported to improve i... |
query-laysum | 258 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nThis is the third update of this review, first published in July 2009. All major guidelines on treatment of hypertension recommend weight loss; anti-obesity drugs may be able to help in this respect.\nObjectives\nPrimary objectives:\nTo assess the long-ter... |
query-laysum | 259 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nAdolescents with asthma are at high risk of poor adherence with treatment. This may be compounded by activities that worsen asthma, in particular smoking. Additional support above and beyond routine care has the potential to encourage good self-management.... |
query-laysum | 260 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nThis review update has been managed by both the Childhood Cancer and Cochrane Gynaecological, Neuro-oncology and Orphan Cancer Groups.\nThe use of anthracycline chemotherapy is limited by the occurrence of cardiotoxicity. To prevent this cardiotoxicity, di... |
query-laysum | 261 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nFor adults with asthma that is poorly controlled on inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), guidelines suggest adding a long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA). The LABA can be taken together with ICS in a single (combination) inhaler. Improved symptom control can be asse... |
query-laysum | 262 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nBronchiectasis is being increasingly diagnosed and recognised as an important contributor to chronic lung disease in both adults and children in high- and low-income countries. It is characterised by irreversible dilatation of airways and is generally asso... |
query-laysum | 263 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nEtanercept is a soluble tumour necrosis factor alpha-receptor disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).\nObjectives\nThe purpose of this review was to update the previous Cochrane systematic review publis... |
query-laysum | 264 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nThe prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing, with approximately 15% of pregnant women affected worldwide, varying by country, ethnicity and diagnostic thresholds. There are associated short- and long-term health risks for women and ... |
query-laysum | 265 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nBiologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (biologics) are highly effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), however there are few head-to-head biologic comparison studies. We performed a systematic review, a standard meta-analysis and a network... |
query-laysum | 266 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nThis is an updated version of the original Cochrane Review published in the Cochrane Library in 2013 (Issue 8) on the risk of ovarian cancer in women using infertility drugs when compared to the general population or to infertile women not treated. The lin... |
query-laysum | 267 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nPhysical exercise is effective in managing Parkinson's disease (PD), but the relative benefit of different exercise types remains unclear.\nObjectives\nTo compare the effects of different types of physical exercise in adults with PD on the severity of moto... |
query-laysum | 268 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nThe success of elective colorectal surgery is mainly influenced by the surgical procedure and postoperative complications. The most serious complications include anastomotic leakages and surgical site infections (SSI)s, which can lead to prolonged recovery... |
query-laysum | 269 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nMedications used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have significantly improved patient outcomes and delayed time to surgery. However, some of these therapies are recognized to increase the general risk of infection and have an unclear impact on pos... |
query-laysum | 270 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nPhysical exercise is effective in managing Parkinson's disease (PD), but the relative benefit of different exercise types remains unclear.\nObjectives\nTo compare the effects of different types of physical exercise in adults with PD on the severity of moto... |
query-laysum | 271 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nCentral retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is a common retinal vascular abnormality associated with conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, glaucoma, and a wide variety of hematologic disorders. Macular edema (ME) represents an important vision-threatening c... |
query-laysum | 272 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nMen may need to undergo prostate surgery to treat prostate cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia. After these surgeries, men may experience urinary incontinence (UI). Conservative treatments such as pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), electrical stimulat... |
query-laysum | 273 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nLupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is common. Many interventions are used to treat SLE with varying efficacy, risks, and benefits.\nObjectives\nTo a... |
query-laysum | 274 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nRheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory polyarthritis that frequently affects the hands and wrists. Hand exercises are prescribed to improve mobility and strength, and thereby hand function.\nObjectives\nTo determine the benefits and harms of hand exercise... |
query-laysum | 275 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nLower limb muscle cramps are common and painful. They can limit exercise participation, and reduce quality of sleep, and quality of life. Many interventions are available for lower limb cramps; some are controversial or could cause harm, and often, people ... |
query-laysum | 276 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nAsthma is characterised by chronic inflammation of the airways and recurrent exacerbations with wheezing, chest tightness, and cough. Treatment with inhaled steroids and bronchodilators can result in good control of symptoms, prevention of further morbidit... |
query-laysum | 277 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nYoung women, especially adolescents, often lack access to modern contraception. Reasons vary by geography and regional politics and culture. The projected 2015 birth rate in 'developing' regions was 56 per 1000 compared with 17 per 1000 for 'developed' reg... |
query-laysum | 278 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nPeople with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis commonly experience chronic cough and sputum production, features that may be associated with progressive decline in clinical and functional status. Airway clearance techniques (ACTs) are often prescribed to f... |
query-laysum | 279 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nA posterior crossbite occurs when the top back teeth bite inside the bottom back teeth. The prevalence of posterior crossbite is around 4% and 17% of children and adolescents in Europe and America, respectively. Several treatments have been recommended to ... |
query-laysum | 280 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nEarly, accurate detection of all skin cancer types is essential to guide appropriate management and to improve morbidity and survival. Melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are high-risk skin cancers with the potential to metastasise and ultimately le... |
query-laysum | 281 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nFebrile seizures can be classified as simple or complex. Complex febrile seizures are associated with fever that lasts longer than 15 minutes, occur more than once within 24 hours, and are confined to one side of the child's body. It is common in some coun... |
query-laysum | 282 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nShort-stay units are hospital units that provide short-term care for selected patients. Studies have indicated that short-stay units might reduce admission rates, time of hospital stays, hospital readmissions and expenditure without compromising the qualit... |
query-laysum | 283 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nUpper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common reason for emergency hospital admission. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce gastric acid production and are used to manage upper GI bleeding. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the clinical e... |
query-laysum | 284 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nPosterior blepharitis is common and causes ocular surface and lid damage as well as discomfort. It affects 37% to 47% of all ophthalmology patients; its incidence increasing with age. It is a multifactorial disease associated with multiple other pathologie... |
query-laysum | 285 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nVarious approaches to physical rehabilitation may be used after stroke, and considerable controversy and debate surround the effectiveness of relative approaches. Some physiotherapists base their treatments on a single approach; others use a mixture of com... |
query-laysum | 286 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nRoot caries is a well-recognised disease, with increasing prevalence as populations age and retain more of their natural teeth into later life. Like coronal caries, root caries can be associated with pain, discomfort, tooth loss, and contribute significant... |
query-laysum | 287 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nNon-alcohol related fatty liver disease (commonly called non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)) is liver steatosis in the absence of significant alcohol consumption, use of hepatotoxic medication, or other disorders affecting the liver such as hepatiti... |
query-laysum | 288 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nDementia assessment often involves initial screening, using a brief tool, followed by more detailed assessment where required. The AD-8 is a short questionnaire, completed by a suitable 'informant' who knows the person well. AD-8 is designed to assess chan... |
query-laysum | 289 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nThe morbidity and socioeconomic costs of fractures are considerable. The length of time to healing is an important factor in determining a person's recovery after a fracture. Ultrasound may have a therapeutic role in reducing the time to union after fractu... |
query-laysum | 290 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nSore throat is a common side-effect of general anaesthesia and is reported by between 30% and 70% of patients after tracheal intubation. The likelihood of a sore throat varies with the type, diameter, and cuff pressure of the endotracheal tube used. If int... |
query-laysum | 291 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nAround 30% of people who are admitted to hospital with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) will rebleed in the initial month after the haemorrhage if the aneurysm is not treated. The two most commonly used methods to occlude the aneurysm for preventi... |
query-laysum | 292 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nMoxibustion, a common treatment in traditional Chinese medicine, involves burning herbal preparations containing Artemisia vulgaris on or above the skin at acupuncture points. Its intended effect is to enhance body function, and it could reduce the side ef... |
query-laysum | 293 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nUltrasound examination of pregnancy before 24 weeks gestation may lead to more accurate dating and earlier diagnosis of pathology, but may also give false reassurance. It can be used to monitor development or diagnose conditions of an unborn baby. This rev... |
query-laysum | 294 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nSelf-harm (SH; intentional self-poisoning or self-injury) is common, often repeated, and strongly associated with suicide. This is an update of a broader Cochrane review on psychosocial and pharmacological treatments for deliberate SH, first published in 1... |
query-laysum | 295 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nCataract surgery is the most common ambulatory incisional surgery performed in the USA. Cystoid macular edema (CME), the accumulation of fluid in the central retina due to leakage from dilated capillaries, is the most common cause of vision impairment foll... |
query-laysum | 296 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nAlpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI) reduce blood glucose levels and may thus prevent or delay type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associated complications in people at risk of developing of T2DM.\nObjectives\nTo assess the effects of AGI in people with ... |
query-laysum | 297 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nEndometriosis is a common gynaecological condition that affects women and can lead to painful symptoms and infertility. It greatly affects women's quality of life, impacting their careers, everyday activities, sexual and nonsexual relationships and fertili... |
query-laysum | 298 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nMotion sickness is a syndrome that occurs as a result of passive body movement in response to actual motion, or the illusion of motion when exposed to virtual and moving visual environments. The most common symptoms are nausea and vomiting. Antihistamines ... |
query-laysum | 299 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nThe policy several countries is to provide people with a terminal illness the choice of dying at home; this is supported by surveys that indicate that the general public and people with a terminal illness would prefer to receive end-of-life care at home. T... |
query-laysum | 300 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nCurrent management of preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes (PPROM) involves either initiating birth soon after PPROM or, alternatively, adopting a 'wait and see' approach (expectant management). It is unclear which strategy is most beneficial for mot... |
query-laysum | 301 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nBullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune blistering disease. Oral steroids are the standard treatment. We have updated this review, which was first published in 2002, because several new treatments have since been tried.\nObjectives\nTo assess... |
query-laysum | 302 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nCystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited progressive life-limiting disease characterised by the build-up of abnormally thick, sticky mucus affecting mostly the lungs, pancreas, and digestive system. Airway clearance techniques (ACTs), traditionally referred to... |
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