dataset stringclasses 1
value | id stringlengths 1 5 | messages listlengths 2 2 |
|---|---|---|
query-laysum | 101 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nCryptococcal disease remains one of the main causes of death in HIV-positive people who have low cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cell counts. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends screening HIV-positive people with low CD4 counts for... |
query-laysum | 102 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nTardive dyskinesia (TD) is a disfiguring movement disorder, often of the orofacial region, frequently caused by using antipsychotic drugs. A wide range of strategies have been used to help manage TD, and for those who are unable to have their antipsychotic... |
query-laysum | 103 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nAcute respiratory failure is a common life-threatening complication of acute onset neuromuscular diseases, and may exacerbate chronic hypoventilation in patients with neuromuscular disease or chest wall disorders. Standard management includes oxygen supple... |
query-laysum | 104 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nEndophthalmitis is a sight-threatening emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. The condition is characterised by purulent inflammation of the intraocular fluids caused by an infective agent. In exogenous endophthalmitis, the infective agent... |
query-laysum | 106 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nAsparaginase has played a crucial role in the improvement of survival in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), which is the commonest cancer among children. Survival rates have steadily increased over decades since the introduction of asparagi... |
query-laysum | 107 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nTuberculous pericarditis can impair the heart's function and cause death; long term, it can cause the membrane to fibrose and constrict causing heart failure. In addition to antituberculous chemotherapy, treatments include corticosteroids, drainage, and su... |
query-laysum | 108 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nSchizophrenia is one of the most common and disabling mental disorders. About 20% of people with schizophrenia do not respond to antipsychotics, which are the mainstay of the treatment for schizophrenia today, and need to seek other treatment options. Magn... |
query-laysum | 109 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nVenous thromboembolism (VTE), which comprises deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is the leading cause of preventable death in hospitalised people and the third most common cause of mortality in surgical patients. People undergoing bari... |
query-laysum | 110 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood onset, which may persist into adulthood. ADHD has a significant impact on a child's daily life, affecting relationships and academic performance. Its core... |
query-laysum | 111 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nPersistent feelings of fatigue (or subjective fatigue), which may be experienced in the absence of physiological factors, affect many people with peripheral neuropathy. A variety of interventions for subjective fatigue are available, but little is known ab... |
query-laysum | 112 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nSpecific diagnostic tests to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and resulting COVID-19 disease are not always available and take time to obtain results. Routine laboratory markers such as white blood cell count, measures of... |
query-laysum | 113 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nExercise training is commonly recommended for adults with fibromyalgia. We defined flexibility exercise training programs as those involving movements of a joint or a series of joints, through complete range of motion, thus targeting major muscle-tendon un... |
query-laysum | 114 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nSickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the commonest severe monogenic disorders in the world, due to the inheritance of two abnormal haemoglobin (beta globin) genes. SCD can cause severe pain, significant end-organ damage, pulmonary complications, and prematu... |
query-laysum | 115 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nMany factors influence fertility, one being the timing of intercourse. The 'fertile window' describes a stage in the cycle when conception can occur and is approximately five days before to several hours after ovulation. 'Timed intercourse' is the practice... |
query-laysum | 116 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nGenital Chlamydia trachomatis (C.trachomatis) infection may lead to pregnancy complications such as miscarriage, preterm labour, low birthweight, preterm rupture of membranes, increased perinatal mortality, postpartum endometritis, chlamydial conjunctiviti... |
query-laysum | 117 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nStroke results from an acute lack of blood supply to the brain and becomes a chronic health condition for millions of survivors around the world. Self management can offer stroke survivors a pathway to promote their recovery. Self management programmes for... |
query-laysum | 118 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nFractures of the proximal humerus, often termed shoulder fractures, are common injuries, especially in older people. The management of these fractures varies widely, including in the use of surgery. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in... |
query-laysum | 119 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nEmergency departments (EDs) are facing serious and significant issues in the delivery of effective and efficient care to patients. Acute assessment services have been implemented at many hospitals internationally to assist in maintaining patient flow for i... |
query-laysum | 120 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nProblem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progressi... |
query-laysum | 121 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common X-linked neuromuscular disorder. When boys with DMD reach the second decade of life, they lose their ability to walk and become wheelchair dependent. Standing devices and orthoses are considered to be an... |
query-laysum | 122 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nProbiotics may be effective in reducing the duration of acute infectious diarrhoea.\nObjectives\nTo assess the effects of probiotics in proven or presumed acute infectious diarrhoea.\nSearch methods\nWe searched the trials register of the Cochrane Infectio... |
query-laysum | 123 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nVery preterm infants often require respiratory support and are therefore exposed to an increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (chronic lung disease) and later neurodevelopmental disability. Caffeine is widely used to prevent and treat apnea (temporal... |
query-laysum | 124 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nOcular herpes is a viral infection of the eye caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), a double-stranded DNA virus. Corneal scarring caused by herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is the leading infectious cause of penetrating corneal graft in high-income count... |
query-laysum | 125 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nPulmonary embolism (PE) is a common life-threatening cardiovascular condition, with an incidence of 23 to 69 new cases per 100,000 people each year. For selected low-risk patients with acute PE, outpatient treatment might provide several advantages over tr... |
query-laysum | 126 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nOcular herpes is a viral infection of the eye caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), a double-stranded DNA virus. Corneal scarring caused by herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is the leading infectious cause of penetrating corneal graft in high-income count... |
query-laysum | 127 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nPreterm birth (PTB) is a major factor contributing to global rates of neonatal death and to longer-term health problems for surviving infants. Both the World Health Organization and the United Nations consider prevention of PTB as central to improving heal... |
query-laysum | 128 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nThe development of supraglottic airway devices has revolutionized airway management during general anaesthesia. Two devices are widely used in clinical practice to facilitate positive pressure ventilation: the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (pLMA) and the C... |
query-laysum | 129 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nBranch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is one of the most commonly occurring retinal vascular abnormalities. The most common cause of visual loss in people with BRVO is macular oedema (MO). Grid or focal laser photocoagulation has been shown to reduce the ri... |
query-laysum | 130 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nIn most pregnancies that miscarry, arrest of embryonic or fetal development occurs some time (often weeks) before the miscarriage occurs. Ultrasound examination can reveal abnormal findings during this phase by demonstrating anembryonic pregnancies or embr... |
query-laysum | 131 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nUse of a central venous catheter (CVC) in neonates is associated with an increase in nosocomial infection. Numerous strategies exist to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI); however, CRBSI continues to be a major problem. Antibiotic locki... |
query-laysum | 132 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nExercise therapy is considered an important component of the treatment of arthritis. The efficacy of exercise therapy has been reviewed in adults with rheumatoid arthritis but not in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).\nObjectives\nTo assess... |
query-laysum | 133 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nThis is the second update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2015 and last updated in 2018.\nAppendectomy, the surgical removal of the appendix, is performed primarily for acute appendicitis. Patients who undergo appendectomy for complicated appendici... |
query-laysum | 134 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nCorneal endothelial transplantation has become the gold standard for the treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunctions, replacing full thickness transplantation, known as penetrating keratoplasty. Corneal endothelial transplantation has been described usin... |
query-laysum | 135 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nGenotype® MTBDRsl (MTBDRsl) is a rapid DNA-based test for detecting specific mutations associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones and second-line injectable drugs (SLIDs) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. MTBDRsl version 2.0 (released in 2015) ide... |
query-laysum | 136 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nImmunisation is a powerful public health strategy for improving child survival, not only by directly combating key diseases that kill children but also by providing a platform for other health services. However, each year millions of children worldwide, mo... |
query-laysum | 137 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nGender dysphoria is described as a mismatch between an individual's experienced or expressed gender and their assigned gender, based on primary or secondary sexual characteristics. Gender dysphoria can be associated with clinically significant psychologica... |
query-laysum | 138 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nAcute limb ischaemia (ALI), the sudden and significant reduction of blood flow to the limb, is considered a vascular emergency. In the general population, the incidence is estimated as 14 per 100,000. Prognosis depends on the time it takes to diagnose the ... |
query-laysum | 139 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nInfectious keratitis is an infection of the cornea that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, or parasites. It may be associated with ocular surgery, trauma, contact lens wear, or conditions that cause deficiency or loss of corneal sensation... |
query-laysum | 140 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nMethotrexate is a folic acid antagonist widely used for the treatment of neoplastic disorders. Methotrexate inhibits the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins by binding to dihydrofolate reductase. Currently, methotr... |
query-laysum | 141 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nCervical cerclage is a surgical intervention involving placing a stitch around the uterine cervix. The suture material aims to prevent cervical shortening and opening, thereby reducing the risk of preterm birth. The effectiveness and safety of this procedu... |
query-laysum | 142 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic obstructive lung condition, diagnosed in patients with dyspnoea, chronic cough or sputum production and/or a history of risk factor exposure, if their postbronchodilator forced expiratory lung volum... |
query-laysum | 143 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nAutistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is an increasingly recognised neurodevelopmental condition; that is, a neurologically-based condition which interferes with the acquisition, retention or application of specific skills. ASD is characterised by challenges wi... |
query-laysum | 144 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nBiologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs: referred to as biologics) are effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), however there are few head-to-head comparison studies. Our systematic review, standard meta-analysis and network meta-an... |
query-laysum | 145 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nAntibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) wane over time following hepatitis B immunisation; hence, it is unclear whether people vaccinated in three-dose or four-dose schedules of the hepatitis B vaccine are still immune when the hepatitis B s... |
query-laysum | 147 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common eye disease and leading cause of sight loss worldwide. Despite its high prevalence and increasing incidence as populations age, AMD remains incurable and there are no treatments for most patients. Mounting... |
query-laysum | 148 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nOral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers are the most common cancers arising in the head and neck. Treatment of oral cavity cancer is generally surgery followed by radiotherapy, whereas oropharyngeal cancers, which are more likely to be advanced at the time o... |
query-laysum | 149 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nChildren with severe global developmental delay (SGDD) have significant intellectual disability and severe motor impairment; they are extremely limited in their functional movement and are dependent upon others for all activities of daily living. SGDD does... |
query-laysum | 150 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nPeripheral intravenous cannulation is one of the most fundamental and common procedures in medicine. Securing a peripheral line is occasionally difficult with the landmark method. Ultrasound guidance has become a standard procedure for central venous cannu... |
query-laysum | 151 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nEarly childhood vaccination is an essential global public health practice that saves two to three million lives each year, but many children do not receive all the recommended vaccines. To achieve and maintain appropriate coverage rates, vaccination progra... |
query-laysum | 152 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nLung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in the world, however lung cancer screening has not been implemented in most countries at a population level. A previous Cochrane Review found limited evidence for the effectiveness of lung cance... |
query-laysum | 153 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nLeg ulcers are open skin wounds on the lower leg that can last weeks, months or even years. Most leg ulcers are the result of venous diseases. First-line treatment options often include the use of compression bandages or stockings.\nObjectives\nTo assess t... |
query-laysum | 154 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nCurrently, there are five major approaches to hysterectomy for benign gynaecological disease: abdominal hysterectomy (AH), vaginal hysterectomy (VH), laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH), robotic-assisted hysterectomy (RH) and vaginal natural orifice hysterectom... |
query-laysum | 155 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nPharmaceuticals are important interventions that could improve people's health. Pharmaceutical pricing and purchasing policies are used as cost-containment measures to determine or affect the prices that are paid for drugs. Internal reference pricing estab... |
query-laysum | 156 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nHeavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is an important cause of ill health in premenopausal women. Although surgery is often used as a treatment, a range of medical therapies are also available. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce prostaglandin l... |
query-laysum | 157 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nCalcium channel blockers (CCBs) are used to manage hypertension which is highly prevalent among people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The treatment for hypertension is particularly challenging in people undergoing dialysis.\nObjectives\nTo assess the b... |
query-laysum | 158 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nThis is an updated version of the original Cochrane Review published in the Cochrane Library in 2013 (Issue 8) on the risk of ovarian cancer in women using infertility drugs when compared to the general population or to infertile women not treated. The lin... |
query-laysum | 159 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nCryptococcal disease remains one of the main causes of death in HIV-positive people who have low cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cell counts. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends screening HIV-positive people with low CD4 counts for... |
query-laysum | 160 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nThe global burden of poor maternal, neonatal, and child health (MNCH) accounts for more than a quarter of healthy years of life lost worldwide. Targeted client communication (TCC) via mobile devices (MD) (TCCMD) may be a useful strategy to improve MNCH.\nO... |
query-laysum | 161 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nThe World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for safe abortion recommend medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol or surgical abortion with vacuum aspiration or dilation and evacuation as safe and effective options for women. However, no specif... |
query-laysum | 162 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nThe gold standard treatment for symptomatic lumbar stenosis refractory to conservative management is a facet-preserving laminectomy. New techniques of posterior decompression have been developed to preserve spinal integrity and to minimise tissue damage by... |
query-laysum | 163 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nKnee osteoarthritis is a leading cause of chronic pain, disability, and decreased quality of life. Despite the long-standing use of intra-articular corticosteroids, there is an ongoing debate about their benefits and safety. This is an update of a Cochrane... |
query-laysum | 164 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nPrevious systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials have investigated the effect of post-stroke trunk training. Findings suggest that trunk training improves trunk function and activity or the execution of a task or action by an individual. But it... |
query-laysum | 165 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nCataract surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures performed worldwide. Achieving appropriate intraoperative mydriasis is one of the critical factors associated with the safety and performance of the surgery. Inadequate pupillary dilation or co... |
query-laysum | 166 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nVirtual reality (VR) computer technology creates a simulated environment, perceived as comparable to the real world, with which users can actively interact. The effectiveness of VR distraction on acute pain intensity in children is uncertain.\nObjectives\n... |
query-laysum | 167 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nSeveral liver diseases have been associated with oxidative stress. Accordingly, antioxidants have been suggested as potential therapeutics for various liver diseases. The evidence supporting these suggestions is equivocal.\nObjectives\nTo assess the benefi... |
query-laysum | 168 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nRecent progress in understanding the genetic basis of breast cancer and widely publicized reports of celebrities undergoing risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) have increased interest in RRM as a method of preventing breast cancer. This is an update of a Cochra... |
query-laysum | 169 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nAsthma is a respiratory disease characterised by variable airflow limitation and the presence of respiratory symptoms including wheeze, chest tightness, cough and/or dyspnoea. Exercise training is beneficial for people with asthma; however, the response to... |
query-laysum | 170 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nWomen with a diagnosis of breast cancer may experience short- and long-term disease and treatment-related adverse physiological and psychosocial outcomes. These outcomes can negatively impact prognosis, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and psychosoc... |
query-laysum | 171 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nErythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are commonly used to treat chemotherapy-induced anemia (CIA). However, about half of patients do not benefit.\nObjectives\nTo evaluate the benefits and harms related to the use of iron as a supplement to ESA and iro... |
query-laysum | 172 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nAutism spectrum disorder (autism) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by impairments in social communication and interaction, plus restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour and interests. Whilst some people embrace autism as part of their id... |
query-laysum | 173 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nPostpartum mini-laparotomy tubal ligation (PPTL) is a contraceptive method that works by interrupting the patency of the fallopian tubes. Several methods are used for intraoperative pain relief, such as systemic administration of opioids or intraperitoneal... |
query-laysum | 174 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nOvarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer among women and the leading cause of death in women with gynaecological malignancies. Opinions differ regarding the role of ultra-radical (extensive) cytoreductive surgery in ovarian cancer treatment.\nObjec... |
query-laysum | 175 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nPrimary autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) is an autoantibody mediated condition characterised by a variable disease course. A myriad of immunomodulatory agents have been employed but there is a paucity of evidence to support their use or compare their e... |
query-laysum | 176 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nBetween 4% and 25% of school-aged children at some stage complain of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) of sufficient severity to interfere with their daily lives. When no clear organic cause is found, the children are managed with reassurance and simple measu... |
query-laysum | 177 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nAdjuvant tamoxifen reduces the risk of breast cancer recurrence in women with oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Tamoxifen also increases the risk of postmenopausal bleeding, endometrial polyps, hyperplasia, and endometrial cancer. The levonorgestr... |
query-laysum | 178 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nExercise training is commonly recommended for individuals with fibromyalgia. This review is one of a series of reviews about exercise training for fibromyalgia that will replace the review titled \"Exercise for treating fibromyalgia syndrome\", which was f... |
query-laysum | 179 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nOveractive bladder (OAB) is a common chronic and bothersome condition. Bladder training is widely prescribed as a first-line treatment for OAB, but the efficacy has been systematically evaluated for urinary incontinence rather than OAB alone.\nObjectives\n... |
query-laysum | 180 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nAsthma is a chronic disease that causes reversible narrowing of the airways due to bronchoconstriction, inflammation and mucus production. Asthma continues to be associated with significant avoidable morbidity and mortality. Self management facilitated by ... |
query-laysum | 181 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nGastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) is common in infants, and feed thickeners are often used to manage it in infants as they are simple to use and perceived to be harmless. However, conflicting evidence exists to support the use of feed thickeners.\nObjectives... |
query-laysum | 182 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nThe World Health Organization (WHO) recommends treating all school children at regular intervals with deworming drugs in areas where helminth infection is common. Global advocacy organizations claim routine deworming has substantive health and societal eff... |
query-laysum | 183 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nMelanoma has one of the fastest rising incidence rates of any cancer. It accounts for a small percentage of skin cancer cases but is responsible for the majority of skin cancer deaths. History-taking and visual inspection of a suspicious lesion by a clinic... |
query-laysum | 184 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nIschaemic heart disease including heart failure is the most common cause of death in the world, and the incidence of the condition is rapidly increasing. Heart failure is characterised by symptoms such as fatigue and breathlessness during light activity, a... |
query-laysum | 185 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nCompared with people without cancer, people with cancer who receive anticoagulant treatment for venous thromboembolism (VTE) are more likely to develop recurrent VTE.\nObjectives\nTo compare the efficacy and safety of three types of parenteral anticoagulan... |
query-laysum | 186 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nThere are many forms of rhinitis. Patients are diagnosed with non-allergic rhinitis when anatomic, infectious and allergic aetiologies have been excluded. The symptoms, including nasal congestion, blockage or obstruction, clear rhinorrhoea, sneezing and, l... |
query-laysum | 187 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nDuring menopause a decreasing ovarian follicular response generally causes a fluctuation and eventual decrease in estrogen levels. This can lead to the development of various perimenopausal and postmenopausal symptoms (for example hot flushes, night sweats... |
query-laysum | 188 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nOral leukoplakia is a relatively common oral lesion that, in a small proportion of people, precedes the development of oral cancer. Most leukoplakias are asymptomatic; therefore, the primary objective of treatment should be to prevent onset of cancer. This... |
query-laysum | 189 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nTardive dyskinesia (TD) is a disabling movement disorder associated with the prolonged use of antipsychotic medication. Several strategies have been examined in the treatment of TD. Currently, however, there is no clear evidence of the effectiveness of the... |
query-laysum | 190 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nOpioid drugs, including fentanyl, are commonly used to treat neuropathic pain, and are considered effective by some professionals. Most reviews have examined all opioids together. This review sought evidence specifically for fentanyl, at any dose, and by a... |
query-laysum | 191 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) can cause secondary infection in eczema, and may promote inflammation in eczema that does not look infected. There is no standard intervention to reduce S. aureus burden in eczema. It is unclear whether antimicrobial treat... |
query-laysum | 192 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a single-stranded RNA (ribonucleic acid) virus that has the potential to cause inflammation of the liver. The traditional definition of acute HCV infection is the first six months following infection with the virus. Another commo... |
query-laysum | 193 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nApnoeic oxygenation is the delivery of oxygen during the apnoeic phase preceding intubation. It is used to prevent respiratory complications of endotracheal intubation that have the potential to lead to significant adverse events including dysrhythmia, hae... |
query-laysum | 194 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nPeople with neuromuscular disorders may have a weak, ineffective cough predisposing them to respiratory complications. Cough augmentation techniques aim to improve cough effectiveness and mucous clearance, reduce the frequency and duration of respiratory i... |
query-laysum | 195 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nPhysical exercise is effective in managing Parkinson's disease (PD), but the relative benefit of different exercise types remains unclear.\nObjectives\nTo compare the effects of different types of physical exercise in adults with PD on the severity of moto... |
query-laysum | 196 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nThis is the second update of previously published reviews in the Cochrane Library (2015, first update 2017). Interleukin-5 (IL-5) is the main cytokine involved in the proliferation, maturation, activation and survival of eosinophils, which cause airway inf... |
query-laysum | 197 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nHealthcare workers are at risk of acquiring viral diseases such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV through exposure to contaminated blood and body fluids at work. Most often infection occurs when a healthcare worker inadvertently punctures the skin of the... |
query-laysum | 198 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nPost-caesarean section infection is a cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Administration of antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for preventing infection after caesarean delivery. The route of administration of antibiotic prophylaxis should be effe... |
query-laysum | 199 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nThe early detection of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), followed by appropriate treatment, may improve survival and reduce the risk for malignant transformation respectively. This is an update of a... |
query-laysum | 200 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nDiabetic macular oedema (DMO) is a common complication of diabetic retinopathy. Antiangiogenic therapy with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) can reduce oedema, improve vision, and prevent further visual loss. These drugs have replaced la... |
query-laysum | 201 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nThis is an update of a previously published version of the review (Issue 10, 2011).\nEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the seventh most common cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Treatment consists of a combination of surgical debulking and plati... |
query-laysum | 202 | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Abstract: Background\nUpper gastrointestinal bleeding is typically a mild, self-limiting condition that can affect both preterm and term neonates, although it can be severe particularly when associated with co-morbidities. Pharmacological interventions with a proton pump inhibi... |
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