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Following capture, slaves were force- marched to the coast to holding pens where they were oiled and fed ready for inspection, before being loaded on ships. Prices of slaves depended on sex, age and size. The slaves were bartered for guns, alcohol, gun-powder, cloth and different metals. Key notes for the teacher and s... |
C West Africa had well defined interior routes which enabled establishment of earlier strong trade links by the Europeans. There were also vast trade goods like gold, palm oil and ivory. This stimulated the development of trans-Atlantic trade. D African chiefs had developed a taste for European goods like cloths, firea... |
J It led to changes to social roles; women became the heads of their families due to the enslavement of men. K Some African cultures spread to the Americas e.g Jazz Music and samba dancing styles of Brazil and even witchcraft. L The trade led to the rise of the mullato population. E.g in Senegal, where they are mainly ... |
The missionaries wanted it to be stopped because they wanted good conditions for the spread of Christianity. The formation of the humanitarian movements in England aimed at stopping all kinds of cruelty including slave trade, flogging of soldiers and child labour. B Industrialization in Britain was one of the main forc... |
J The ship owners stopped transporting slaves from Africa and began transporting raw materials directly from Africa and America to Europe, which led to a decline in slave trade. TRANSPORT. Definition of Transport. Transport is the movement of people and from one place to another. Transportation is usually classified by... |
A It is highly susceptible to diseases. B It cannot survive in tsetse fly infected areas. C The weight limit of the load it can carry is 120kg d They are not suitable in arid and semi-arid areas because they need a lot of water. NB; - horses are mainly reared by the rich as a symbol of high social status. Mules. A cros... |
It also provides milk, meat, hides and horns. Dogs. Dog types like Bouriers were used to pull small carts and sledges, especially in the Arctic thus making transportation of gods and people easy. Dogs are also used in guiding blind people in sports and as pets at home. Advantages of animal transport. Key notes for the ... |
The cart or wagon pulled by humans or animals was the first wheeled vehicle. The wheeled wagons and carts created the need for roads Today many types of wheels are in use. For example, the steering wheel for cars, turbines for jet engines and gyroscopes used in the automobile pilot technology. Ways in which invention o... |
The Greeks made sailing ships known as galleys which were used for trade and war. They used war galley known as triremes to defeat the Persians and Phoenicians. Sailing ships were depending on monsoon winds discovered by Hippalus. The Arabs and Persians relied on the monsoon winds to reach the east African coast. The P... |
Rough and fine concrete was added to the foundation, then layers of gravel, chalk and cement. The road surface was slightly convex with deep trenches on the sides. Roman roads declined with the fall of the Roman Empire. Attempts to built better roads in Europe in the 18th c were made by George Wade 1673- 1748 built 400... |
The firs bicycle in England was made by Kirk Patrick Macmillan of Scotland. James Starley is referred to as the father of the cycle industry. In 1870, he invented the tension spoked wheel in which the rim and the hub were connected by wire spokes. John Dunlop invented the tyre filled with compressed air in 1888 which r... |
The tyres made by Dunlop were fitted on these cars to make them more comfortable. The first car in the motor industry, Panhard-Hevassor, was made by a French company which had bought the rights to use Daimler s engine. In 1903 in USA Henry Ford founded the Ford Motor Company in Detroit leading to mass production of car... |
G Construction of all-weather roads is expensive. Developing countries find themselves constrained by limited resources that are needed to construct all-weather roads. Rail transport. Railway lines are paths of parallel metal rails that allow a wheeled vehicle to move easily by reducing friction. Initially, they were u... |
Later diesel engines were replaced with electric engines which was an invention of the Siemens Brothers and John Hopkinson in Britain in 1883. The electric train from Paris to Lyon covers a distance of 212 km in one hour. Railway transport has remained a major mode of passenger travel. In Europe and Japan, major cities... |
T has to be supplemented with road transport. Water transport. Canal vessels. A canal is an artificial river that is used to transport people and goods. It may be built to link a ricer and a lake, sea or a sea with a sea. Apart from transportation, their water may be used in irrigation like in the case of River Nile. C... |
The first attempt to make a steamship was made by Dr. Denis Papin of France when he fitted a steam engine to a boat and sailed along river Fulda in Hanover. In 1736, Jonathan Holls of Gloucestershire patented a steam tugboat but it was never tried. In 1774, Comte J B d Auxiron of France experimented with a steamboat bu... |
A Man could no longer depend on nature wind for power. This made travel by sea easier and more comfortable. B It led to expansion of international trade since transportation became cheap. C Bigger volumes and varieties of goods could be carried including those that required special handling like petrol. D It formed the... |
Military Vessels. In 1859, the French launched Gloire, the first iron-plated ship. During the American civil war 1861-1865 , two iron-plated ships were used. In world war II, battleships, Aircraft carriers can carry 85 aircrafts , cruisers, destroyers, destroyer escorts frigates , minesweepers, torpedo boats, landing c... |
Later, Pilcher added wheels to the gliders in order for them to be towed into the air. By 1850, power driven planes were built. An English engineer, John String built and designed power-driven planes. In December 1903, An American astronomer, Samuel Langleys almost won the honour of perfecting the power driven airplane... |
The jet engine. The jet engine was invented by German engineers in 1939.the first jet powered airplane was the german Heinkel HE -178. The first practical jet fighter was the Lockheed P-8 developed in 1944. During the post war period, the jet engines were put to commercial use.. For example, the Boeing 707 flight which... |
E Colonization and international migrations. F The expansion of the tourist industry. G Vast improvement in science and technology and growth of industries. Results of air transport. Key notes for the teacher and students- Cheloti 2012-2013 26 1 Air transport is a major global employer. The air transport industry direc... |
6 Air transport delivers humanitarian aid. Air services play an essential role in humanitarian assistance to countries facing natural disasters, famine and war through cargo deliveries, refugee transfers or the evacuation of people trapped by natural disasters. They are particularly important in situations where access... |
20 Aeroplanes are used in making aerial survey in cartography thus improving map making. 21 Air transport enhances wildlife management and conservation. Counting of animals by wildlife officers is one used planes. 22 In meteorology, air transport has enhanced weather survey. 23 Air transport sometimes leads to deaths o... |
Extreme darkness and brightness. Such difficulties have been overcome through development of new tools and techniques forKey notes for the teacher and students- Cheloti 2012-2013 28 space navigation. Importance of space exploration to man. A Spacecrafts continue to provide information about conditions in space in parti... |
C It has facilitated the quick transfer of technology and ideas as people interact d It has made industries more efficient. Raw materials, industrial workers, and manufactured goods are transported to their destinations cheaply and quickly. E It has promoted tourist industry which is a major foreign exchange earner in ... |
C Unless they complement each other, different forms of transport are unreliable. For example, water and railway transport have to be complemented by road transport. D The growth of international terrorism has been attributed to transport network. Communication Definition This is a Two-way process of reaching mutual un... |
B Ranges of messages passed were limited. C It was restricted by weather conditions smoke is useless in cloudy and misty days. It is difficult to set fire in wet conditions. Smoke could be blown by wind. D It was of little use if no one was on the look out to see and interpret. Drumbeats. In drumbeating as a means of c... |
A They provided reliable information that was not easily forgotten. B Information was stored in that form for future reference. C Information could be interpreted into different languages so that it could be accessible to many. D The message in most cases was accurate. Limitations. A They were only limited to literate ... |
Radio transmission later replaced underground and submarine cables for long distance transmission. In 1877, Graham Bell opened the Bell Telephone Company. In 1900, it was sold to the American Telephone and Telegraph Company AT T In Kenya, telephone communication was introduced in 1908 and has grown tremendously Cellpho... |
A Calculator, clock and calendar. B Access to the internet c Digital camera capability d A variety of ringtones Limitations of cellphones. A They may be prone to poor reception especially where they are reliant on internal antennas. B Their use is dependent on the availability of electricity. The phone must be recharge... |
B It is a source of entertainment as it shows music and drama programmes. C It is a device that may be used in educational broadcasting. Some educational programmes are broadcast on television. For example, programmes that sensitize people on HIV and AIDS pandemic. D It is used in commercial advertisement by manufactur... |
The British Broadcasting Company BBC was set up in London in 1922. Kenya s Radio Broadcasts before independence depended on the BBC. The VOK began to air programmes after independence. In 1990, VOK changed its name o KBC In 1995, the FM meter Band was launched thus leading to an increase in radio stations Importance of... |
Communication through the telegraph could be rendered unreliable where accidents and poor weather could cut telegraph cables. Internet. This is a computer-based global communication network system that links thousands of computers using telephone lines. Currently Mobile phones are also used in internetKey notes for the... |
A Satellite is a spacecraft or an artificial device orbiting the earth, moon or another planet, transmitting back to earth scientific information. It is launched at a velocity of atleast 28,960 km per hour escape velocity to enable it overcome gravitational pull of the earth and thus remain in space. In 1680, a British... |
F Telecommunication systems have promoted water and air transport. Ships at sea and airplanes use these devices to send signals to guide captains and pilots. G Telecommunication systems have made world trade and businesses more effective and efficient. People can quickly place orders for goods and get news of world mar... |
For example, journals, books, newspapers, magazines etc. Newspapers. It is an unbound publication produced at regular intervals and devoted primarily to current events and advertisements Before printing was invented, the oldest newspaper, The Siloam Inscription, a stone on which news were recorded was in circulation am... |
They contain news of interest to people in a smaller area, maybe a city or a neighbourhood. For example the east African in Kenya and the weekly Telegraph in Britain. Special interest Newspapers. They concentrate on news of special interest to a particular group for example an ethnic community, a corporation or a trade... |
The following are the early sources of energy that can be identified. Wood. Wood developed as a source of energy after the discovery of fire. It was used as follows; a Making fire which provides heat to warm people during cold seasons lighting, to cook roots and roast meat, for hunting bushfires , tool-making to harden... |
Gold. Key notes for the teacher and students- Cheloti 2012-2013 43 This was the first metal to be used by humankind. It was used in Meroe, Egypt, Wangara in Ghana and in Central Africa. Gold is malleable and therefore it could be easily moulded into the desired shape without smelting it. Its softness however implied th... |
Uses of Bronze. A Making stronger weapons such as shields, spears, arrowheads, swords and daggers. B Making sculptures and decorations. For example, in Benin it was used to make objects for religious ceremonies, masks and decorating the king s palace. It decorated temples, palaces and pyramids in Egypt. C Making knives... |
2 Trade e.g. the Mesopotamians traded with Africans. The North African then traded with the West Africans, thus spreading the iron smelting technology across the Sahara. 3 Intermarriages e.g. Arabs and Africans intermarried and hence a new iron culture and technology developed. 4 Through learning and acquiring the tech... |
G Metal technology also had an impact on religion in that metals began to be used when performing religious rites and in royal palaces e.g. the golden stool among the Asante. H Trading and industrial towns developed within and around the major mining centres like Meroe Axum, in Ghana, in Zimbabwe and in Benin. I Trade ... |
K The growth of trade Union Movements to carter for the rights of industrial workers. Key notes for the teacher and students- Cheloti 2012-2013 46 Uses of Various Sources of Energy. Coal. This is a compact black or dark brown, carbonaceous rock which is a fuel and source of coke, coal gas and coal tar. Abraham Darby in... |
C Oil may also affect the environment, since extracting large quantities of petroleum may cause land to sink. Steam. Steam is boiling water turned into gas. It was used for first time around 100 AD in a steampowered engine developed by a Greek scientist called Hero. In the 16th century, Thomas Savery, a Briton, built a... |
B The generation and distribution of electricity is very expensive thus making its use limited to fewer people in developing countries. Other sources of energy. Atomic energy. In 1896, A French physicist, Antoine Henri Beckquerel 1852-1903 , discovered that uranium produces radiation or energy in waves. Radioactivity .... |
Advantages of solar energy. A It is clean and is available in places where sunlight is readily available. B It is natural and therefore free, non-pollutant and inexhaustible source of energy. Iron and steel Iron was not really a source of energy but the industrial revolution was dependant on the availability of iron Us... |
It was easier to turn to mass production of goods on the basis of the small scale production in cottage industries. E Due to the enclosure act, many peasants became available to offer unskilled labour especially following their displacement from the rural areas. F Political stability and strong leadership that existed ... |
A Political stability and strong leadership that followed the unification of Italy and Germany and end of Napoleonic rule in France created a contusive environment for investments when compared to other European countries. Feudalism was also abolished. Key notes for the teacher and students- Cheloti 2012-2013 50 b The ... |
Infant mortality reduced. E Local and international trade developed. Manufactured goods were sold locally while others were exported to America. The industries also created market for raw materials from Africa and Asia. F European economies became diversified as a result of industrial growth. This led to specialization... |
The colonies produced raw materials for industries in Europe and also acted as markets for goods processed in Europe. For this reason, many European nations sought to have as many colonies as possible. The scientific Revolution. Science is the systematic study of the nature and behaviour of the material and physical un... |
C The Chinese made cloth from silk and developed acupuncture skills. They invented paper making in 70 AD. They made gunpowder and the calendar. D The Indians invented the decimal system in mathematics. E The Muslim Arabs developed the art of architecture as evidenced by the construction of unique mosques. Period Invent... |
He constructs the first motor; his work with electromagnets leads directly to the development of the telegraph. Key notes for the teacher and students- Cheloti 2012-2013 53 Impact of scientific inventions Impact of scientific inventions on agriculture a Food production has been increased thanks to the use of farm machi... |
Invention receives a patent but not commercially successful. 1842 The first grain elevator is built by Joseph Dart in the U.S. 1850 Edward Quincy invents the corn picker 1764 Spinning jenny invented by James Hargreaves - the first machine to improve upon the spinning wheel. 1733 Flying shuttle invented by John Kay - an... |
There is also increased trade. E Biotechnology has contributed to diversification of agriculture leading to greater crop and animal production. F Farming has been revolutionized from small-scale subsistence farming to large scale economic activity due to mechanization on farms Negative impacts of scientific inventions ... |
Key notes for the teacher and students- Cheloti 2012-2013 55 b Human life has suffered unnecessarily due to development of war weapons and accidents on roads and aeroplanes. C Many people have been rendered unemployed due to development of machines. Impact of scientific inventions on medicine a Discovery of various med... |
USA remains the only superpower in the world after collapse of USSR in 1990. Factors influencing the industrialization of USA. A Abundance of natural resources like iron ore, oil from the oilfields of Texas, copper and coal. There were also agricultural raw materials like cotton, corn, wheat and Tobacco plusKey notes f... |
The unification of Germany took place in 1871 after which she began to emerge as an industrial power. Emergence of Germany as an industrial power was aided as by the following factors. A Establishment of the customs union, Zollverein. This linked the german states and removed trade barriers hence leading to free trade ... |
There were also a high number of immigrants from European countries like Turkey and Italy. B The USA marshal Plan ensured that the required finance was available to assist her industries. C Germany industries were not totally destroyed by the two wars. D Industrial unrests was not very common in Germany, and therefore,... |
Existence of an industrial base. Before World War II, Japan had already attained a certain level of industrial development. Many industries were not completely destroyed during the war period. The industries were repaired after the war. 9. Japan has a highly developed renewable hydro-electric power given the existence ... |
H High levels of poverty in third world countries mean low domestic market. Governments also spent most of their resources to provide for the basic needs of their citizens at the expense of industrialization. I Many third world countries have been faced with political instability problem. This hasKey notes for the teac... |
Coal is also available. D Foreign capital. There was heavy influx of foreign capital from countries such as the USA, Canada, Britain, Portugal and France which led to establishment of industries in the country. E Improved transport and communication. Railway lines were constructed in most parts of Brazil thus opening t... |
The government therefore has no freedom to exploit them for use in industries. SOUTH AFRICA. She attained majority rule in 1994 after a long struggle against the apartheid regime. The country has achieved great strides in industrialization with many industries including iron and steel industries, engineering, locomotiv... |
A Long periods of apartheid rule was accompanied with sometimes violent resistance and struggle for majority rule which created an atmosphere not conducive for investment b The country suffered long periods of economic sanctions imposed by the United Nations between 1948 and 1994 which affected her manufactured goods t... |
H Availability of capital from her trading contacts with European countries like Portugal, Britain, France and Holland. Key notes for the teacher and students- Cheloti 2012-2013 62 i Good national development plans. In the first five-year development plan of 1951, the government adopted sound economic policies that pri... |
D Commercial activities like trade-location along trade routes. E Strategic location which ensured security and thus ample growth e.g. Kilwa. F Growth of religion some grew rapidly because they were religious centres. G Mining led to development of towns e.g. Meroe, Johannesburg. Cairo. This is the capital city of Egyp... |
B It serves as the transport and commercial centre of North Africa and the Middle East. C It is a recreational centre housing many recreational facilities like stadiums and entertainment halls d Cairo has been a historical centre being the house to the Egyptian civilization for over 5000 years e Cairo serves as an indu... |
A Existence of transport routes-Meroe Merowe was located at an intersection of transport routes from east via the red sea and from north via Egypt . This promoted trade with other parts of the world. B Abundance of wood fuel, from the heavily forested Blue Nile white Nile intersection area, which was a key to the prosp... |
He also forced other conquered city-states to pay tribute to Kilwa. Later on Sultan al-Hassan Ibn Sulaiman I built the Great mosque of Kilwa in 1270 AD and a luxurious palace referred to by historians as Husuni Kubwa. Factors influencing the growth of Kilwa. A Exemplary leadership provided by the Shirazi Leaders who ke... |
Legitimate trade which replaced slave trade. F European colonization brought in a new social political and economic order. G Exhaustion of mineral resources e.g. gold as in case of sofala and Kilwa as well as Meroe. Some minerals lost value. H Changes in transport routes as new roads by-passed some towns thus diverting... |
The area was a worship centre. People coming to the Parthenon temple contributed to the growth of the town. D Accessibility and communication network. The port of Athens was located about six kilometres from the city thus making Athens a transport centre. E Availability of water. Functions of Athens. A It was a cultura... |
E.g Heathrow- the busiest airport in the world. B It is a political and administrative capital with offices for the Prime Minister and cabinet. The Monarchical offices are also located here. C It is a commercial centre. Many financial institutions such as banks and other commercial and trading activities attract a lot ... |
The city is inter-connected with roads which served various parts of the country. The city houses the main international airport- JKIA. H It is an administrative capital with offices for the head of state, cabinet, parliament and department of defence. I It is a regional headquarter of various international bodies like... |
C The government is addressing the transport congestion problem through the upgrading of the Thika superhighway to an eight lane highway; the Nairobi Syokimau Railway service was commissioned by president Kibaki I November 2012 to de-congest jogoo road. Etc. D The government is encouraging the expansion of the informal... |
C It is a commercial and financial centre. Many financial institutions such as banks and other commercial and trading activities attract a lot of traders. It is also a major shopping centre in South Africa. D It is an educational centre, housing institutions like the University of Witwatersrand, teacher training colleg... |
The areas where the potters, iron smelters weaversKey notes for the teacher and students- Cheloti 2012-2013 71 and fishermen did their work grew up into urban centres c From the agrarian revolution, there was adequate food for town dwellers. On urbanization in Europe a The revolution in Europe led to a landless society... |
E Europeans were deprived of cheap African labour as most of them moved to urban areas. Key notes for the teacher and students- Cheloti 2012-2013 72 ORGANIZATION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES. Despite the high amount of decentralization of African communities in the 19th c , there existed a few who were centralized. For example... |
This enabled successful growing of Bananas, their staple crop. E The contacts with the Waswahili enabled her to gain riches and weapons guns. F The kingdom had a strong loyal army to defend it from her warring neighbors. The Kabaka even possessed a royal navy that kept guard over Lake Victoria. G Existence of a central... |
He had to protect the kabaka during war. He was responsible of informing the kabaka of the decisions he made on court issues. Below him were omulamuzi chief justice and omuwanika treasurer who were directly responsible to the kabaka. The Bataka were minor chiefs in charge of clans, guarded land, collected taxes, carrie... |
The kingdom was divided in social classes with the royal family occupying the top of the hierarchy, then ruling class, the chiefs who ruled over the peasants or commoners known as bakopi. At the bottom of the social class were the slaves Badu who were acquired mainly through raids on neighbouring communities such as Bu... |
He was the only one who could communicate with the spirits of the ancestors. It was believed that when Mwene Mutapa died, he became a Mudzimu and automatically qualified to be worshipped as a national ancestral spirit. The ancestral spirits Vadzimu communicated people s problems to god. Religion also influenced laws. T... |
C They were skillful hunters. They hunted elephants for their ivory which was in great demand. They also gathered wild honey and wild fruits to supplement their diet. D The shona were skilled craftsmen who made articles like spears, hoes and knives. Others were goldsmiths who used gold to decorate. They also practiced ... |
It was formed as a result of competition for gold fields in the Akan forestland. In the 1500 s: Akan peoples came into contact with Portuguese traders. Wealthy owners of the Akan gold mines begin to trade gold for Benin slaves with the Portuguese. In the 1670 s, Osei Tutu was a military leader and head of the Oyoko cla... |
A The Asante had a strong economy based on agriculture. Both food and cash crops like Kola nuts were cultivated. This helped to increase the population. B The Asante had capable political leaders they included Obiri Yeboa 1670-1678 , Osei Tutu 1680-1717 who unified the people through the Golden stool that he created an... |
All the states within the metropolitan Asante paid tax to the Asantehene which was used to pay for the administration and form an army. Each of the five states had its own state council that made important decisions. Each also had its own Black stool that symbolized their power over the state. The omanhenes were expect... |
Osei Tutu appointed two consuls who resided in each subject state to supervise their affairs. An efficient bureaucracy was established in each o the provincial Asante states with the Asantehene appointing senior officials directly himself Social organization. The Kingdom was composed of many communities who spoke the A... |
They also provided middlemen and porters during the trade. B The Asante practiced agriculture, growing crops like yams, vegetables and fruits. They also kept livestock like cattle. C The community practiced gathering of Kola nuts and hunting for game meat from the forest to supplement their diet. D They practiced iron ... |
Constitutions vary in various countries depending on different experiences and their form is determined by the following. A The historical background of a country b Geographical factors. For example the numerous islands of Japan must be catered for in their constitution c Religious beliefs of the people. Some countries... |
Advantages of a written constitution. Key notes for the teacher and students- Cheloti 2012-2013 81 a Since the procedures of amending a constitution are clearly spelled out, it is not easy for politicians or other interest groups in the society to alter it. B In case of a crisis, the constitution provides very clear gu... |
Parliament Act of 1911 that governs the relationship between the House of Commons and the House of Representatives The Reform Acts of 1832 and 1834 which determine succession to the throne. B Customs. This refers to ancient or traditional practices or the common law. For example, the first born inheriting the throne. C... |
When the colonial secretary Oliver Lyttelton visited Kenya in 1954, he proposed the following constitutional reforms. Establishment of a multi-racial council of ministers representing the three races setting ground for two Indian and one African minister B. A Ohanga became the first African Minister It Proposed direct ... |
When KANU refused to form government despite winning the elections, demanding for the release of Jomo Kenyatta, KADU formed a rather minority government that was heavily dominated by the colonial officials. Such a government was rejected by most people thus creating instability that led to the British Authorities calli... |
B It also provided for a bicameral parliament consisting of the senate and the house of representatives upper house and lower house. The lower house comprised 117 elected members and 12 special members. The senate comprised 41 members representing the 41 administrative districts and one representing Nairobi city Though... |
The senate and regions were also abolished. A Constitutional review in June 1982 officially transformed Kenya into a one-party state. A parliamentary act in December 1991 repealed the one-party system provisions of the constitution and effectively established a multiparty system. The period after 1992 was influenced by... |
When the NARC government took over power in 2003, the review exercise was reviewed. The National Constitutional Conference was convened at Bomas of Kenya and came up with what came to known as the Bomas Draft constitution. However the political elite did not support the Bomas Draft. In 2005, Parliament amended the cons... |
Provision for An expanded cabinet with the two parties being accorded slots as per their proportion in the house. B In 2008 the Constitution of Kenya Review Act 2008 was passed and a Committee of Experts CoE was established as the main technical constitutional review organ to drive the process. C The CoE was chaired by... |
4 Convening of constitutional conferences. For example, The 2002 National Constitution Conference at Bomas of Kenya and other similar conferences. 5 Drafting of the constitution. This involved both local and international experts who drafted the constitution between 2000 and 2010. This was mainly the work of the Ghai l... |
4 3rd amendment Act 14 of 1965, published on 8th June 1965, altered parliamentary Majority required for approval of a state of emergency to only a simple majority from the previous 65 . The term region was replaced with province. The amendment altered the title of Supreme Court. 5 By the 4th amendment Act 16 of 1966, p... |
10 In 1968, by the 10th amendment, Act 45 published on 12th July 1968, the procedure for presidential elections and succession in the event of his death was laid down. Also, that all candidates for a general election should be nominated by a political party. The act also gave the president power to nominate 13 MPs to r... |
The first occupant being Jeremiah Kiereini. 18 By the 1985 20th amendment Act, the High Court began acting as a Court of Appeal. 19 The 21st amendment Act passed in 1985 repealed Section 89 of the constitution which provided for the acquisition of Citizenship for anyone born in Kenya after December 11th 1963. 20 In 198... |
27 A constitutional review commission, called the Constitution of Kenya Review Commission CKRC , was established to provide civic education, seek public input and prepare a draft constitution. 28 In October 2000, parliament passed a Bill entrenching the Constitution of Kenya Review Commission CKRC headed by Professor Y... |
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