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---
license: apache-2.0
task_categories:
- text-generation
tags:
- biology
- genomics
- dna
- benchmark
configs:
- config_name: motif_human
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: motif_human/test-*
- config_name: promoter_revcomp
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: promoter_revcomp/test-*
- config_name: syn_human
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: syn_human/test-*
- config_name: syn_mouse
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: syn_mouse/test-*
- config_name: synonymous_codons
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: synonymous_codons/data.parquet
- config_name: tata
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: tata/data.parquet
dataset_info:
- config_name: motif_human
  features:
  - name: benchmark_id
    dtype: string
  - name: script_version
    dtype: string
  - name: annotation_source
    dtype: string
  - name: genome_assembly
    dtype: string
  - name: upstream_flank_bp
    dtype: int64
  - name: motif
    dtype: string
  - name: actual_motif
    dtype: string
  - name: patch_len_bp
    dtype: int64
  - name: start_after_bp
    dtype: int64
  - name: random_seed
    dtype: int64
  - name: species
    dtype: string
  - name: chr
    dtype: string
  - name: chrom_length
    dtype: int64
  - name: strand
    dtype: string
  - name: cds_genome_start
    dtype: int64
  - name: cds_genome_end
    dtype: int64
  - name: window_genome_start
    dtype: int64
  - name: window_genome_end
    dtype: int64
  - name: upstream_actual
    dtype: int64
  - name: is_clamped
    dtype: int64
  - name: transcript_id
    dtype: string
  - name: gene_id
    dtype: string
  - name: gene_name
    dtype: string
  - name: exon_rank
    dtype: int64
  - name: is_first_exon
    dtype: int64
  - name: frame
    dtype: int64
  - name: phase_gtf
    dtype: int64
  - name: cds_start_in_seq
    dtype: int64
  - name: cds_end_in_seq
    dtype: int64
  - name: cds_length
    dtype: int64
  - name: patch_start_in_cds
    dtype: int64
  - name: patch_end_in_cds
    dtype: int64
  - name: patch_start_in_seq
    dtype: int64
  - name: patch_end_in_seq
    dtype: int64
  - name: original_sequence
    dtype: string
  - name: sequence
    dtype: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 334784354
    num_examples: 20000
  download_size: 152132105
  dataset_size: 334784354
- config_name: promoter_revcomp
  features:
  - name: benchmark_id
    dtype: string
  - name: species
    dtype: string
  - name: genome_assembly
    dtype: string
  - name: annotation_source
    dtype: string
  - name: total_window
    dtype: int64
  - name: prom_up
    dtype: int64
  - name: prom_down
    dtype: int64
  - name: prom_len
    dtype: int64
  - name: chr
    dtype: string
  - name: start
    dtype: int64
  - name: end
    dtype: int64
  - name: strand
    dtype: string
  - name: tss_1based
    dtype: int64
  - name: epd_id
    dtype: string
  - name: gene_id
    dtype: string
  - name: tss_in_seq
    dtype: int64
  - name: cds_start_in_seq
    dtype: int64
  - name: cds_end_in_seq
    dtype: int64
  - name: original_sequence
    dtype: string
  - name: sequence
    dtype: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 272641634
    num_examples: 16451
  download_size: 125178388
  dataset_size: 272641634
- config_name: syn_human
  features:
  - name: benchmark_id
    dtype: string
  - name: script_version
    dtype: string
  - name: annotation_source
    dtype: string
  - name: genome_assembly
    dtype: string
  - name: codon_usage_source
    dtype: string
  - name: recoding_mode
    dtype: string
  - name: optimization_rate
    dtype: float64
  - name: random_seed
    dtype: int64
  - name: window_size_bp
    dtype: int64
  - name: species
    dtype: string
  - name: chr
    dtype: string
  - name: chrom_length
    dtype: int64
  - name: strand
    dtype: string
  - name: cds_genome_start
    dtype: int64
  - name: cds_genome_end
    dtype: int64
  - name: window_genome_start
    dtype: int64
  - name: window_genome_end
    dtype: int64
  - name: upstream_actual
    dtype: int64
  - name: downstream_actual
    dtype: int64
  - name: is_clamped
    dtype: int64
  - name: transcript_id
    dtype: string
  - name: gene_id
    dtype: string
  - name: gene_name
    dtype: string
  - name: exon_rank
    dtype: int64
  - name: is_first_exon
    dtype: int64
  - name: frame
    dtype: int64
  - name: phase_gtf
    dtype: int64
  - name: cds_start_in_seq
    dtype: int64
  - name: cds_end_in_seq
    dtype: int64
  - name: cds_length
    dtype: int64
  - name: patch_start_in_seq
    dtype: int64
  - name: patch_end_in_seq
    dtype: int64
  - name: patch_length
    dtype: int64
  - name: n_codons_total
    dtype: int64
  - name: n_codons_eligible
    dtype: int64
  - name: n_codons_changed
    dtype: int64
  - name: fraction_codons_changed
    dtype: float64
  - name: original_sequence
    dtype: string
  - name: sequence
    dtype: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 335904126
    num_examples: 20000
  download_size: 152737063
  dataset_size: 335904126
- config_name: syn_mouse
  features:
  - name: benchmark_id
    dtype: string
  - name: script_version
    dtype: string
  - name: annotation_source
    dtype: string
  - name: genome_assembly
    dtype: string
  - name: codon_usage_source
    dtype: string
  - name: recoding_mode
    dtype: string
  - name: optimization_rate
    dtype: float64
  - name: random_seed
    dtype: int64
  - name: window_size_bp
    dtype: int64
  - name: species
    dtype: string
  - name: chr
    dtype: string
  - name: chrom_length
    dtype: int64
  - name: strand
    dtype: string
  - name: cds_genome_start
    dtype: int64
  - name: cds_genome_end
    dtype: int64
  - name: window_genome_start
    dtype: int64
  - name: window_genome_end
    dtype: int64
  - name: upstream_actual
    dtype: int64
  - name: downstream_actual
    dtype: int64
  - name: is_clamped
    dtype: int64
  - name: transcript_id
    dtype: string
  - name: gene_id
    dtype: string
  - name: gene_name
    dtype: string
  - name: exon_rank
    dtype: int64
  - name: is_first_exon
    dtype: int64
  - name: frame
    dtype: int64
  - name: phase_gtf
    dtype: int64
  - name: cds_start_in_seq
    dtype: int64
  - name: cds_end_in_seq
    dtype: int64
  - name: cds_length
    dtype: int64
  - name: patch_start_in_seq
    dtype: int64
  - name: patch_end_in_seq
    dtype: int64
  - name: patch_length
    dtype: int64
  - name: n_codons_total
    dtype: int64
  - name: n_codons_eligible
    dtype: int64
  - name: n_codons_changed
    dtype: int64
  - name: fraction_codons_changed
    dtype: float64
  - name: original_sequence
    dtype: string
  - name: sequence
    dtype: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 336064778
    num_examples: 20000
  download_size: 152659316
  dataset_size: 336064778
---

# Carbon Perturbation Bench

Two **sequence-level perturbation tasks** for evaluating DNA foundation models:

- **`tata`** (5,000 rows): the TATA-box motif inside a real promoter is
  disrupted with random nucleotide substitutions. Probes whether the model
  has internalised eukaryotic promoter architecture (it should assign higher
  log-likelihood to the intact promoter than the perturbed one).
- **`synonymous_codons`** (5,000 rows): codons in a real CDS are replaced
  with synonyms encoding the same amino acid. Probes whether the model has
  learned codon-usage bias (it should prefer native codon usage over the
  synonymous variant).

Both subsets share the same schema:

| column | description |
|---|---|
| `chr`, `start`, `end`, `strand` | hg38 locus |
| `length` | sequence length in bp |
| `original_sequence` | the real (unperturbed) sequence — positive |
| `sequence` | the perturbed sequence — negative control |

## Usage

```python
from datasets import load_dataset

tata = load_dataset("hf-carbon/carbon-perturbation-bench", "tata", split="train")
syn = load_dataset("hf-carbon/carbon-perturbation-bench", "synonymous_codons", split="train")
```

## Eval recipe

Pairwise likelihood discrimination: score `LL(original_sequence)` vs
`LL(sequence)` under the model, and report `mean(LL(real) >= LL(perturbed))`.
A ready-to-run scorer for Carbon, GENERator, and Evo2 lives at
[`evaluation/perturbation_tasks.py`](https://github.com/huggingface/carbon)
in the Carbon release repo.