Datasets:

DataHammer
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scimrc

question stringlengths 4 11.7k	answer stringlengths 1 26k	evidence stringlengths 0 37.7k	yes_no bool 2 classes	paper_index int64 0 519 ⌀	paper_id stringclasses 846 values
What aim do the authors have by improving Wiki(GOLD) results?	The aim is not to tune their model specifically on this class hierarchy. They instead aim to present a framework which can be modified easily to any domain hierarchy and has acceptable out-of-the-box performances to any fine-grained dataset.	The results for each class type are shown in Table TABREF19 , with some specific examples shown in Figure FIGREF18 . For the Wiki(gold) we quote the micro-averaged F-1 scores for the entire top level entity category. The total F-1 score on the OntoNotes dataset is 88%, and the total F-1 cross-validation score on the 11...	false	36	null
Classify each of the following as either characters from books by Anne Rice or Stephanie Meyer: Lestat de Lioncourt, Memnoch, Lasher, Armand, Yvette, Bella Swan, Edward Cullen, Jacob Black, Melanie Stryder, The Seeker	Characters from Anne Rice books: Lestat de Lioncourt, Memnoch, Lasher, Armand, Yvette Characters from Stephanie Meyer books: Bella Swan, Edward Cullen, Jacob Black, Melanie Stryder, The Seeker		false	null	null
Given this paragraph about the M26, tell me how many times Hunt finished in the top 3, and explain your reasoning.	He placed in the top 3 a total of 5 times, because he won three times and had an additional two podium finishes.	McLaren relied on the M23 during the rest of the season and for the first few races of 1977 until it was deemed necessary that the M26 was to race in light of the wilting performance of its predecessor. The redesigned car made its debut at the Spanish Grand Prix, where it proved to be a solid, if unspectacular performe...	false	null	null
Who is Pia Olsen Dyhr	Pia Olsen Dyhr (born 30 November 1971 in Vallensbæk, Copenhagen) is a Danish politician who has been a member of the Folketing for the Socialist People's Party since the 2007 general elections. Dyhr has served as Minister for Trade and Investment and later Minister of Transport in the first Helle Thorning-Schmidt Cabin...		false	null	null
How is module that analyzes behavioral state trained?	pre-trained to identify the presence of behavior from a sequence of word using the Couples Therapy Corpus	The behavior model was implemented using an RNN with LSTM units and trained with the Couples Therapy Corpus. Out of the 33 behavioral codes included in the corpus we applied the behaviors Acceptance, Blame, Negativity, Positivity, and Sadness to train our models. This is motivated from previous works which showed good ...	false	null	1909.00107
Given this paragraph about full distance ironman competition, how far is each discipline	The distances for a full ironman competition are 2.4 miles (3.9km) for the swim, 112 miles (180km) for the bike and 26.2 miles (42.2km) for the run.	A number of non-WTC full distance triathlons have been held since the mid-1990s. The limited number of WTC-sanctioned events, and the limited number of entries available per race, have combined with a growth in the sport that has created demand for these non-trademarked events. Many of them share the 2.4-mile (3.9 km),...	false	null	null
According to this paragraph, what records did Stevens break as a basketball coach?	According to this paragraph, Stevens has the most wins as an NCAA coach in his first three years and took Butler to its first Final Four in the history of the school. He was also the youngest men's college basketball coach ever to take his team to the NCAA championship game and to two consecutive Final Fours.	In 2010, his third year as head coach, Stevens broke the NCAA record for most wins in a coach's first three years, exceeding the previous record by eight wins. In the NCAA Tournament, Stevens coached Butler to the first Final Four in school history, while also becoming the second-youngest head coach to make an NCAA Nat...	false	null	null
What are their future work plans?	To address the classification of rarer depressive symptoms suggestive of major depressive disorder from their dataset and hierarchy including inappropriate guilt, difficulty concentrating, psychomotor agitation or retardation, weight loss or gain, and anhedonia.	Our next step is to address the classification of rarer depressive symptoms suggestive of major depressive disorder from our dataset and hierarchy including inappropriate guilt, difficulty concentrating, psychomotor agitation or retardation, weight loss or gain, and anhedonia BIBREF15 , BIBREF16 . We are developing a p...	false	52	null
Which languages are evaluated?	The answers are shown as follows: * Bengali * English, German, Spanish, Dutch * Amharic * Arabic * Hindi * Somali	We evaluate the proposed methods in 8 languages, showing a significant ability to learn from partial data. We additionally experiment with initializing CBL with domain-specific instance-weighting schemes, showing mixed results. In the process, we use weighted variants of popular NER models, showing strong performance i...	false	null	1909.09270
What kind of Information does the preceding tokens in the decoder provide?	Strong conditional information.	The encoder-decoder based framework BIBREF0, BIBREF1, BIBREF2 is the dominant approach for neural machine translation (NMT) BIBREF3, BIBREF4. Although the encoder and decoder usually adopt the same model structure (RNN BIBREF5, CNN BIBREF6 or self-attention BIBREF3, BIBREF7) and the same number of layers, they perform ...	false	330	null
What do they want to predict in their paper?	To predict the political role of Internet trolls (left, right, and news feed) in a realistic, unsupervised scenario.	Internet “trolls” are users of an online community who quarrel and upset people, seeking to sow discord by posting inflammatory content. More recently, organized “troll farms” of political opinion manipulation trolls have also emerged. Such farms usually consist of state-sponsored agents who control a set of pseudonymo...	false	274	null
Extract the names of the original songs Sandler performed on Saturday Night Live and list them in bullet format.	-The Thanksgiving Song -The Chanukah Song	In 1987, Sandler played Theo Huxtable's friend Smitty on The Cosby Show and the Stud Boy or Trivia Delinquent on the MTV game show Remote Control. After his film debut in Going Overboard in 1989, Sandler performed in comedy clubs, having first taken the stage at his brother's urging when he was 17. He was discovered by...	false	null	null
What's the best place to visit China?	The most popular places to visit china are Beijing, Xian, Shanghai and Nanjing. You can find plenty historical places to visit in those city. There are also many mountains to visit. Speaking of long Chinese history, religious culture and distinctive natural scenery, the Five Great Mountains (Wu Yue) are the best destin...		false	null	null
How do you push start a car with a manual transmission?	1. Get the car to the top of a stretch of clear downhill road, or get people who will push you there. 2. Fully depress the clutch and put the car in second gear (first gear if you’ll be rolling slowly; choose the gear that you would normally use at that speed, and faster is better). 3. Turn the ignition to on. 4. Le...		false	null	null
Give me a list of 7 continents in the world in alphabetical order.	There are seven different continents in the world. Here is the list of them in alphabetical order: Africa Antarctica Asia Australia Europe North America South America		false	null	null
When did WWII begin?	WWII began in 1939 and lasted until 1945.	World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Many participants threw their economic, ...	false	null	null
What system is used in the experiments?	IE system.	We evaluate our model through two types of metrics. The BLEU score BIBREF34 aims at measuring to what extent the generated descriptions are literally closed to the ground truth. The second category designed by BIBREF10 is more qualitative. The BLEU score BIBREF34 is commonly used as an evaluation metric in text generat...	false	121	null
Classify the following habits as healthy or unhealthy. 1) Smoke 2) Exercise 3) Take Breaks 4) Drink Alcohol	Smoking and drinking alcohol can be very dangerous to your health so it is a good example of unhealthy habits. Exercise and take breaks during the day can be considered healthy to your body.		false	null	null
What are the fields included in A TA application?	They are Problem Description, Annotation Level, Problem Type, and Performance Metric.	Figure FIGREF23 depicts overall process flow for enabling automated feature recommendations. For a new text analytics application requiring feature engineering, it starts with estimating its semantic proximity (from the perspective of a NLP data scientist) with existing applications with known features. Based upon thes...	false	339	null
Can you tell me about the history of sports in Philadelphia?	Philadelphia host teams in the 4 major sport leagues. Over the years, there has been varying success from the teams. In some years, there have been teams at the bottom of the league. Most years, teams are within reach of the league championship. Philadelphia Phillies and Philadelphia Eagles have been teams with the mos...	Philadelphia is one of thirteen cities that hosts teams in the "Big Four" major sports leagues in North America, and Philadelphia is one of just four cities in which one team from every league plays within city limits. These major sports teams are the Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball (MLB), the Philadelph...	false	null	null
What do they call Remembrance Day in the United States	In the United States, Remembrance Day, which is a memorial day observing the end of the First World War, is known as Veterans Day.	Remembrance Day (also known as Poppy Day owing to the tradition of wearing a remembrance poppy) is a memorial day observed in Commonwealth member states since the end of the First World War in 1919 to honour armed forces members who have died in the line of duty. The day is also marked by war remembrances in several ot...	false	null	null
Who are some students at Hogwarts in Ravenclaw house that were in the same year as Harry Potter?	Hogwarts is the fictitious school in the Harry Potter book series. The books mentions several students in Harry Potter's year from the Ravenclaw house, such as Su Li, Lisa Turpin, Padma Patil, Terry Boot, and Anthony Goldstein.		false	null	null
Is the dataset used to train the model multilingual or not？	Yes, they used datasets in English, French, and German.	We use the WikiBio dataset introduced by lebret2016neural. It consists of INLINEFORM0 biography articles from English Wikipedia. A biography article corresponds to a person (sportsman, politician, historical figure, actor, etc.). Each Wikipedia article has an accompanying infobox which serves as the structured input an...	false	102	null
did they use a crowdsourcing platform for annotations?	Yes.	In this study, we constructed the first Japanese word similarity dataset. It contains various parts of speech and includes rare words in addition to common words. Crowdsourced annotators assigned similarity to word pairs during the word similarity task. We gave examples of similarity in the task request sent to annotat...	true	null	1703.05916
How is Tesla organized as a company?	Tesla has a functional organizational structure that is flat as well. Tesla’s organizational structure is designed in a way that is easy to manage and built for maximum efficiency. Tesla can still be considered as a startup in the automotive industry as its competitors are typically 75+ years old. As a startup, Tesla i...		false	null	null
Write a letter to your Mom and Dad asking whether or not I can study abroad during my Junior year in college.	I have a huge desire to study abroad so that I can experience life in a different culture. I would learn how to navigate different cultures, work with diverse peers, and even learn to better communicate in other languages. It would give me a more diverse view of our world, experience new perspectives and even provide...		false	null	null
Is their method better than detox?	Yes.	News portals often allow their readers to comment on articles, in order to get feedback, engage their readers, and build customer loyalty. User comments, however, can also be abusive (e.g., bullying, profanity, hate speech), damaging the reputation of news portals, making them liable to fines (e.g., when hosting commen...	false	313	null
What features do they extract?	The answers are shown as follows: * Inconsistency in Noun Phrase Structures * Inconsistency Between Clauses * Inconsistency Between Named Entities and Noun Phrases * Word Level Feature Using TF-IDF	Satirical news is not based on or does not aim to state the fact. Rather, it uses parody or humor to make statement, criticisms, or just amusements. In order to achieve such effect, contradictions are greatly utilized. Therefore, inconsistencies significantly exist in different parts of a satirical news tweet. In addit...	false	null	2004.03788
What is gRPC?	gRPC (gRPC Remote Procedure Calls) is a cross-platform open source high performance remote procedure call (RPC) framework. gRPC was initially created by Google, which used a single general-purpose RPC infrastructure called Stubby to connect the large number of microservices running within and across its data centers fr...		false	null	null
Classify each of the following as either cities in Europe or in the United States: Sevilla, Boston, Miami, Dallas, New York, Paris, Frankfurt, Seattle, Milan	Sevilla, Paris, Frankfurt and Milan are cities in Europe. Boston, Miami, Dallas, New York and Seattle are cities in the United States.		false	null	null
When were the concept of maps introduced as a teaching tool?	In 1972.	Multi-document summarization (MDS), the transformation of a set of documents into a short text containing their most important aspects, is a long-studied problem in NLP. Generated summaries have been shown to support humans dealing with large document collections in information seeking tasks BIBREF0 , BIBREF1 , BIBREF2...	false	144	null
What should I check when planning a trip?	In addition to the usual items like air tickets, accommodation, sightseeing spots, visa requirements, travel restrictions, ... you should also check some of these depending on where you’re heading: - Monsoon season if for example traveling to Southeast Asia. It tends to rain more during this season which may impact the...		false	null	null
What is the advantage of RNNs in the field of Statistical Machine Translation？	RNNs require only a small fraction of memory used, about 5% of traditional shallow SMT models，and they are optimized such that every module is trained to jointly improve translation quality.	The use of RNNs in the field of Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) has revolutionised the approaches to automated translation. As opposed to traditional shallow SMT models, which require a lot of memory to run, these neural translation models require only a small fraction of memory used, about 5% BIBREF0 . Also, neu...	false	35	null
How is this problem evaluated?	The answers are shown as follows: * BLEU-2 * average accuracies over 3 test trials on different randomly sampled test sets	Approach ::: Method: Training and Testing ::: Experiment 1: Representation Some of the problems encountered by prior approaches seem to be attributable to the use of infix notation. In this experiment, we compare translation BLEU-2 scores to spot the differences in representation interpretability. Traditionally, a BLEU...	false	null	1912.00871
Who created the musical genre metal?	The creation of metal is often attributed to the band Black Sabbath. Specifically, the feel and sound of metal come from their guitarist, Tony Iommi. War Pigs is a great song of theirs which shows the feel and sound of early metal. Fans of metal are often referred to as metalheads. Though its appearance and lyrics ca...		false	null	null
What is a web browser?	A web browser is an application graphical user interface window that allows you to interact with content from the internet. It is used for accessing websites and there are many web browsers available today like mozilla firefox, google chrome, microsoft edge, and safari. When a webpage is requested by the web browser ...		false	null	null
What is their proposed method to incorporate subword information into the counting models?	A strategy similar to fastText.	Low dimensional word representations (embeddings) have become a key component in modern NLP systems for language modeling, parsing, sentiment classification, and many others. These embeddings are usually derived by employing the distributional hypothesis: that similar words appear in similar contexts BIBREF0 . The mode...	false	97	null
Why don't the authors provide a sufficient explanation to avoid comparison to Mukhoti, Jishnu, et al. "Calibrating deep neural networks using focal loss 2020**?	There were two main reasons we did not compare with Jishnu et al., 2020 (though we used their AdaECE)- We already had too many baselines to compare with and had dedicated a lot of efforts on several SOTA baselines that most recent papers compare with. - Also, we had observed that our approach already outperformed focal...	Training Datasets and Network Architectures We employ WideResNet28-10 (WRN) and ResNet50 (RN50) architectures that have been shown to produce state-of-the-art classification accuracies on real-world datasets. We train them on CIFAR-10 (C10) and CIFAR-100 (C100). For Domain-Shift experiments, we resort to the widely use...	false	494	null
Who is country singer Jordan Davis	Jordan Davis is a country music singer, born in Shreveport, Louisiana on March 30, 1988. He is married and has 2 children with his wife Kristen O'Conner. They have 2 children. Jordan Davis was nominated and won for ACM Song of the year and Single of the year with "Buy Dirt" featuring Luke Bryan. In 2023 he rele...	Jordan Carl Wheeler Davis (born March 30, 1988) is an American country pop singer and songwriter. He is signed to Universal Music Group Nashville's MCA Nashville division, for which he has released one album and two extended plays. Jordan Carl Wheeler Davis was born in Shreveport, Louisiana, to mother Luwanna and fath...	false	null	null
What food is served at a Mexican restaurant?	Mexican restaurants often serve a variety of dishes using similar set of basic ingrients, including: flour tortillas, corn tortillas, beans, rice, beef, chicken, cheese, peppers, and salsa. Some of the most common Mexican dishes are burritos, enchiladas, fajitas, and nachos. In the United States authentic Mexican cui...		false	null	null
Classify each of these as team sports, individual sports, or neither: soccer, tennis, swimming, lacrosse, golf, checkers, potatoes.	Soccer is a team sport. It is played with 11 players on each side that must work together and cooperate to try to score goals against the opposing team. The team that scores more goals during regulation time wins the game. A typical score would be 2-0. Each player will hold a different position (offense, mid-field, def...		false	null	null
Do the language varieties differ mainly in lexicographic clues?	Yes, they do.	Language variety identification aims at labelling texts in a native language (e.g. Spanish, Portuguese, English) with their specific variation (e.g. Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Peru, Spain; Brazil, Portugal; UK, US). Although at first sight language variety identification may seem a classical text classification problem,...	false	209	null
Given these paragraphs about the founding of Tesla, who else part from Elon Musk and J. B. Straubel are co-founders of Tesla?	Eberhard, Tarpenning and Wright	The company was incorporated as Tesla Motors, Inc. on July 1, 2003, by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning. Eberhard and Tarpenning served as CEO and CFO, respectively. Eberhard said he wanted to build "a car manufacturer that is also a technology company", with its core technologies as "the battery, the computer softw...	false	null	null
Can I see results of the method at least on CIFAR-10?	We now report the network’s accuracy on CIFAR-10 (49.78%). In addition, we have implemented a convolutional version of SoftHebb, and our tests show that it is able to learn. It achieves in fact a much improved accuracy of 98.63% on MNIST and 60.30% on CIFAR-10.	On CIFAR-10’s preliminary results, the hard WTA and SoftHebb achieved an accuracy of 49.78% and 50.27% respectively.****Towards this, we implemented a first version of a convolutional SoftHebb, with an added supervised classifier. In these early results, conv-SoftHebb achieved 98.63% on MNIST, and 60.30% on CIFAR-10.	false	514	null
Which cities in China are self-governing cities? Beijing, Shanghai, Changsha, Shenzhen	The self-governing cities of the People's Republic of China are provincial-level administrative units. They are not provinces, but have the same rank as provinces and autonomous regions and report directly to the central government of the People's Republic of China. There are four self-government cities in China. Thes...		false	null	null
Where did the 1951 French legislative election take place	The elections to the French National Assembly were held in French Somaliland on 17 June 1951 as part of the wider French parliamentary elections. Edmond Magendie was elected as the territory's MP, defeating the incumbent Jean-Carles Martine.	Elections to the French National Assembly were held in French Somaliland on 17 June 1951 as part of the wider French parliamentary elections. Edmond Magendie was elected as the territory's MP, defeating the incumbent Jean-Carles Martine.	false	null	null
How can listening to music attentively influence you?	You'll likely become a better listener in general - not only in hearing new details in songs but being a better listener during conversations. Listening to music attentively will also make you more present in the moment and enjoy the flow instead of focusing on the future or the past too much.		false	null	null
What is the difference between a sitar and a tanpura?	Both the sitar and tanpura are string music instruments. The sitar has frets and is used for composing and playing complete melodies. Sitar players are like guitar players who perform solo or as part of an ensemble band. The tanpura on the other hand does not have any frets and is only an accompanying instrument. I...		false	null	null
The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is administered to Indian children soon after birth to protect them against which disease?	The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is administered to Indian children soon after birth to protect them against Tuberculosis		false	null	null
Please give me a short bulleted list of the key events that happened in Kobe Bryant’s early life in time order, from earliest to the latest.	- In August 1978, Kobe Bryant was born in Philadelphia. The name Kobe comes from the famous Japanese beef, Kobe. - When Kobe was three years old, he started playing basketball. - When Kobe was six, he moved to Italy with his family as his father started to play professional basketball there. - Two years later, Kobe mo...	Bryant was born on August 23, 1978, in Philadelphia, the youngest of three children and the only son of Pamela Cox Bryant and former NBA player Joe Bryant. He was also the maternal nephew of NBA player John "Chubby" Cox. His parents named him after the famous beef of Kobe, Japan, which they saw on a restaurant menu. Hi...	false	null	null
Is Britain the only country that drives on the left-hand side of the road?	Britain is not the only country that drives on the left-hand side of the road. Approximately a third of the global population drives on the left.		false	null	null
Is the LSTM bidirectional?	Yes.	We use the LSTM network as follows. The $x$ vector is fed through the LSTM network which outputs a vector $\overrightarrow{h_i}$ for each time step $i$ from 0 to $n-1$. This is the forward LSTM. As we have access to the complete vector $x$, we can process a backward LSTM as well. This is done by computing a vector $\ov...	true	null	1909.13362
What does the data cleaning and filtering process consist of?	The answers are shown as follows: * many news articles begin with reporter names, media agencies, dates or other contents irrelevant to the content * to ensure that the summary is concise and the article contains enough salient information, we only keep articles with 10-150 words in the top three sentences and 150-1200...	First, many news articles begin with reporter names, media agencies, dates or other contents irrelevant to the content, e.g. “New York (CNN) –”, “Jones Smith, May 10th, 2018:”. We therefore apply simple regular expressions to remove these prefixes. Second, to ensure that the summary is concise and the article contains ...	false	null	1912.11602
Given this paragraph about books, what is the Poison Book Project?	The Poison Book Project is a project of the Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library and the University of Delaware to identify and catalog books known to contain poisonous substances, particularly arsenic in Paris green pigments.	The Poison Book Project is a project of the Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library and the University of Delaware to identify and catalog books known to contain poisonous substances, particularly arsenic in Paris green pigments. It was started in 2019 when Winterthur staff members Melissa Tedone and Rosie Grayburn ident...	false	null	null
Extract why Jerry Rice is the greatest wide receiver of all time.	Jerry Rice holds numerous NFL receiving records. His 197 career touchdown receptions are 41 scores more than the second place of 156 touchdown receptions by Randy Moss; his 208 total touchdowns (197 receiving, ten rushing, and one fumble recovery) are 33 scores ahead of Emmitt Smith's second-place total of 175. His 22,...	Nicknamed "World" because of his superb catching ability, his accomplishments and numerous records, Rice is widely regarded as the greatest wide receiver in NFL history and one of the greatest players of all time. His biography on the official Pro Football Hall of Fame website names him: "the most prolific wide receive...	false	null	null
When is the World Teacher's Day celebrated?	World Teacher's Day is celebrated on 5th October		false	null	null
Which pre-trained English NER model do they use?	Bidirectional LSTM based NER model of Flair	Pre-trained English NER model We construct the English NER system following BIBREF7 . This system uses a bidirectional LSTM as a character-level language model to take context information for word embedding generation. The hidden states of the character language model (CharLM) are used to create contextualized word emb...	false	null	1906.01183
Write down some important aspects of short story Reason from the given text	1. Isaac Asimov, an American author of science fiction, first published "Reason" in the April 1941 edition of Astounding Science Fiction. 2. It was later collected in Robot (1950), The Complete Robot (1982), and Robot Visions. (1990). 3. I was the second of Asimov's positronic robot stories to be published, it is a pa...	"Reason" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov, first published in the April 1941 issue of Astounding Science Fiction and collected in I, Robot (1950), The Complete Robot (1982), and Robot Visions (1990). It is part of Asimov's Robot series, and was the second of Asimov's positronic robot sto...	false	null	null
What is ice hockey?	Ice hockey is a sport played on ice skates and each player has a hockey stick that they use to advance, pass, and shoot a puck attempting to score goals. In an ice hockey game, two teams play against each other and the team that scores the most goals win.	Ice hockey (or simply hockey) is a team sport played on ice skates, usually on an ice skating rink with lines and markings specific to the sport. It belongs to a family of sports called hockey. In ice hockey, two opposing teams use ice hockey sticks to control, advance, and shoot a closed, vulcanized, rubber disc calle...	false	null	null
How to get the correct answer for questions that the system does not know?	Try to ask users for answers on questions that the system encountered in a conversation with a different user and did not understand it.	From the point of view of dialog systems providing general information from a knowledge base, the most limiting factor is that a large portion of the questions is understood poorly. Current approaches BIBREF3 , BIBREF4 can only achieve around 50% accuracy on some question answering datasets. Therefore, we think that th...	false	13	null
What type of diet does Dr. Michael Greger advocate for?	Dr. Michael Greger advocates for a whole foods plant based diet.		false	null	null
What are state-of-the-art baselines?	The answers are shown as follows: * E2ECM * CDM	E2ECM BIBREF11: In dialogue policy maker, it adopts a classic classification for skeletal sentence template. In our implement, we construct multiple binary classifications for each act to search the sentence template according to the work proposed by BIBREF11. CDM BIBREF10: This approach designs a group of classificati...	false	null	1909.09484
What does the dataset consist of in this paper?	The dataset consists of documents and summaries from four course instantiations: ENGR1 (Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering), Stat2015 and Stat20162 (Statistics for Industrial Engineers, taught in 2015 and 2016, respectively), and CS3 (Data Structures in Computer Science).	Student reflections are comments provided by students in response to a set of instructor prompts. The prompts are directed towards gathering students' feedback on course material. Student reflections are collected directly following each of a set of classroom lectures over a semester. In this paper, the set of reflecti...	false	6	null
What has been achieved by KG2Vec?	KG2Vec achieves a vector quality comparable to the most scalable approaches and can process more than 250 million triples in less than 7 hours on a machine with suboptimal performances.	Recently, the number of public datasets in the Linked Data cloud has significantly grown to almost 10 thousands. At the time of writing, at least four of these datasets contain more than one billion triples each. This huge amount of available data has become a fertile ground for Machine Learning and Data Mining algorit...	false	243	null
What datasets did the author use to evaluate ARAML?	They evaluated ARAML on three datasets: COCO image caption dataset, EMNLP2017 WMT dataset1 and WeiboDial single-turn dialogue dataset.	We evaluated ARAML on three datasets: COCO image caption dataset BIBREF28 , EMNLP2017 WMT dataset and WeiboDial single-turn dialogue dataset BIBREF29 . COCO and EMNLP2017 WMT are the common benchmarks with no input to evaluate the performance of discrete GANs, and we followed the existing works to preprocess these data...	false	114	null
Imagine you are a java expert and explain what OOPS means	As the name suggests, Object-Oriented Programming or OOPs refers to languages that use objects in programming, they use objects as a primary source to implement what is to happen in the code. Objects are seen by the viewer or user, performing tasks assigned by you. Object-oriented programming aims to implement real-wor...		false	null	null
What are the pros and cons of denormalizing data sets?	The pro for denormalizing data is to optimize for scan related queries of data and data serving. The con is that denormalization increases data latency due to the re-building of the materialized view.		false	null	null
Conference of Parties (COP) is the supreme body of?	UN framework Convention on Climate Change		false	null	null
Give me a brief history of the construction of Walt Disney World	Walt Disney World was designed as a theme park to supplement Disneyland. It was conceived by Walt Disney in the 1960s and was known as the "The Florida Project". Walt Disney originally envisioned including a planned community known as the "Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow" (EPCOT) which would be a planned...	Designed to supplement Disneyland in Anaheim, California, which had opened in 1955, the complex was developed by Walt Disney in the 1960s. "The Florida Project", as it was known, was intended to present a distinct vision with its own diverse set of attractions. Walt Disney's original plans also called for the inclusion...	false	null	null
According to the passage, mention the accolades that Taylor Swift has (in a phased manner).	The accolades of Taylor Swift are as follows : 1.Taylor has won 12 Grammy Awards including three Album of the Year wins 2.She has won an Emmy Award 3.She has won 40 American Music Awards. 4.She has in her possession 29 Billboard Music Awards. 5.She was awarded three IFPI Global Recording Artist of the Year awards. 6.I...	Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter. Her genre-spanning discography, songwriting abilities and artistic reinventions have received critical praise and wide media coverage. Born in West Reading, Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville at age 14 to become a country artist. She sig...	false	null	null
How do you remove the direct effect of Raf on Mek? Why don't you do the same process for the edge between PLCy and PIP2?	To remove the effect of Raf on Mek, we perform linear regression of Mek on its parents, then we subtract the value of Raf times its corresponding regression coefficient from Mek. If the data were indeed generated by a linear structural causal model, and we were given the true regression coefficients, this would exactly...	In this section, we demonstrate the applicability of our method to a real-world dataset in a semisynthetic setting. The Sachs protein mass spectroscopy dataset is a widely used benchmark for causal discovery, in part due to the existence of a commonly accepted ground truth network over the 11 measured protein expressio...	false	423	null
What is improvement in accuracy for short Jokes in relation other types of jokes?	It had the highest accuracy comparing to all datasets 0.986% and It had the highest improvement comparing to previous methods on the same dataset by 8%	Our experiment with the Short Jokes dataset found the Transformer model's accuracy and F1 score to be 0.986. This was a jump of 8 percent from the most recent work done with CNNs (Table 4). In Table 2, we see the results of our experiment with the Reddit dataset. We ran our models on the body of the joke exclusively, t...	false	null	1909.00252
Tell me whether these countries hosted the Olympics: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgar...	Country,Hosted Olympic? Albania,No Algeria,No Andorra,No Angola,No Antigua and Barbuda,No Argentina,No Armenia,No Australia,Yes Austria,Yes Azerbaijan,No Bahamas,No Bahrain,No Bangladesh,No Barbados,No Belarus,No Belgium,Yes Belize,No Benin,No Bhutan,No Bolivia,No Bosnia and Herzegovina,No Botswan...		false	null	null
What is BRLM designed to do?	To strengthen the ability to infer words across languages based on alignment information.	In this section, we will present a cross-lingual pre-training based transfer approach. This method is designed for a common zero-shot scenario where there are a lot of source$\leftrightarrow $pivot and pivot$\leftrightarrow $target bilingual data but no source$\leftrightarrow $target parallel data, and the whole traini...	false	0	null
What is Long COVID?	Long COVID is the experience of COVID symptoms a month of more after someone contracts COVID-19. Two of the more common symptoms of long COVID include chronic fatigue and brain fog. The scientific community is still working hard to understand more about this condition, as today there is neither a reliable test to ident...		false	null	null
Using the information in the paragraph, give me a short bulleted list of Arsenal football club's main achievements	* Arsenal FC have won the highest number FA Cups * Arsenal's "Invincibles" team in the 2003 season was the only team in the premier league's history to go an entire season unbeaten * Arsenal qualified for the UEFA champions league for 19 consecutive years	Arsenal Football Club is an English professional football club based in Islington, London. Arsenal plays in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. The club has won 13 league titles (including one unbeaten title), a record 14 FA Cups, two League Cups, 16 FA Community Shields, one European Cup Winners' C...	false	null	null
How many cities in the world have a population exceeding 5 million people ?	There are 81 cities in the world with a population exceeding 5 million people, according to 2018 estimates by the United Nations. The U.N. figures include a mixture of city proper, metropolitan area, and urban area.	There are 81 cities in the world with a population exceeding 5 million people.	false	null	null
What makes Sachin Tendulkar so special?	Sachin Tendulkar is wonderful not because of his cricketing prowess; if that were the case, roughly the same degree of adoration would have been held for Rahul Dravid, who is also in the same league in terms of performance... 164 Tests, 13288 runs at 52.88 versus Sachin's 200 Tests, 15921 runs at 53.86 As you can see...	Sachin Tendulkar is wonderful not because of his cricketing prowess; if that were the case, roughly the same degree of adoration would have been held for Rahul Dravid, who is also in the same league in terms of performance... 164 Tests, 13288 runs at 52.88 versus Sachin's 200 Tests, 15921 runs at 53.86 As you can see...	false	null	null
How much is pre-training loss increased in Low/Medium/Hard level of pruning?	The increase is linearly from lowest on average 2.0 , medium around 3.5, and the largest is 6.0	We've seen that over-pruning BERT deletes information useful for downstream tasks. Is this information equally useful to all tasks? We might consider the pre-training loss as a proxy for how much pre-training information we've deleted in total. Similarly, the performance of information-deletion models is a proxy for ho...	false	null	2002.08307
What encoding do they use in their training?	The fixed-size ordinally forgetting encoding.	In this paper, we propose a new method for word sense disambiguation problem, which adopts the fixed-size ordinally forgetting encoding (FOFE) to convert variable-length context into almost unique fixed-size representation. A feed forward neural network pseudo language model is trained with FOFE codes of large unlabell...	false	365	null
Which of these are Pixar movies? Finding Nemo, Shrek, Avatar, Toy Story, Fast and Furious, Up, Inside Out, Turning Red, Everything Everywhere All at Once, John Wick 4, Ice Age, Madagascar, Incredibles 2	Finding Nemo, Toy Story, Up, Inside Out, Turning Red, and Incredibles 2 are Pixar movies.		false	null	null
What is microeconomics?	Microeconimics is concerned with decision-making by individual economic agents such as firms and consumers.		false	null	null
Why is the sun more intense at high altitude	It's commonly known that the sun is more intense at higher altitudes. However, contrary to popular belief, the sun is not more intense due to being closer to the sun, but the angle of incidence of the sun. The angle of incidence is steeper, and therefore the density of the sun's radiant energy is concentrated to a hig...	The amount of heat energy received at any location on the globe is a direct effect of Sun angle on climate, as the angle at which sunlight strikes Earth varies by location, time of day, and season due to Earth's orbit around the Sun and Earth's rotation around its tilted axis. Seasonal change in the angle of sunlight, ...	false	null	null
What does the term 'Thala' mean?	The term ‘Thala’ addresses the former Indian cricket captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni (MS Dhoni). He is still the captain, playing for Chennai Super Kings (CSK), an IPL franchise. In the Tamil language, ‘Thala’ means head, and it also means ‘Leader’. After M.G.R., Rajinikanth, MS Dhoni is the most favorite person in Tami...		false	null	null
How do you improve your basketball handles?	One of the best ways to improve your basketball handles is to practice beyond dribbling. Rotating the ball around your head, body and legs is a great way to get a better feel for the ball all around your body. Once you can effortlessly move the ball around those three parts of your body, you can start experimenting wit...		false	null	null
What are the 12 categories devised?	Economics, Genocide, Geography, History, Human Rights, Kurdish, Kurdology, Philosophy, Physics, Theology, Sociology, Social Study	FLOAT SELECTED: Table 1: Statistics of the corpus - In the Course Level column, (i) represents Institute2 . FLOAT SELECTED: Table 1: Statistics of the corpus - In the Course Level column, (i) represents Institute2 .	false	null	1909.11467
What dataset is used for training?	The answers are shown as follows: * Mandarin dataset * Cantonese dataset	We use data from Mandarin Chinese and Cantonese. For each language, the data consists of a list of spoken words, recorded by the same speaker. The Mandarin dataset is from a female speaker and is provided by Shtooka, and the Cantonese dataset is from a male speaker and is downloaded from Forvo, an online crowd-sourced ...	false	null	1910.08987
here is some text about Andre Weiss, how many years was Andre at University of Dijon in Paris?	Andre Weiss was at the University of Dijon in Paris for 10 years, 1881 to 1891, before moving to the University of Paris Law School.	Charles André Weiss (September 30, 1858 in Mulhouse - August 31, 1928 in the Hague) was a French jurist. He was professor at the Universities of Dijon and Paris and served from 1922 until his death as judge of the Permanent Court of International Justice. Life André Weiss was born in Mulhouse in 1858 and completed a d...	false	null	null
Extract the locations where McEwan lived as a child and list them using bullets.	-Aldershot, Hampshire -East Asia (including Singapore) -Germany -North Africa (including Libya)	McEwan was born in Aldershot, Hampshire, on 21 June 1948, the son of David McEwan and Rose Lilian Violet (née Moore). His father was a working-class Scotsman who had worked his way up through the army to the rank of major. McEwan spent much of his childhood in East Asia (including Singapore), Germany, and north Africa...	false	null	null
Which is the value of alpha that you use for your experiments?	We use alpha=0.125 throughout the experiment. In general, one can heuristically pick alpha: for example, starting with a big alpha, and halve whenever the maximum number of allowed iterations is reached.	we set α = 0.125 (Although one can tune down α whenever the iterations do not converge, empirically this never happens on our task).	false	496	null
From the passage provided, what is the name of the group that the player character is a part of?	The player character is a Tarnished.	Elden Ring takes place in the Lands Between, a fictional landmass ruled over by several demigods. It was previously ruled over by the immortal Queen Marika, who acted as keeper of the Elden Ring, a powerful force that manifested as the physical concept of order. When Marika eventually shattered the Elden Ring and disap...	false	null	null
What is the best way to store food?	Different food requires different forms of storage. It is important to check the labels for your food and follow the instructions carefully. Non-perishable food in well sealed containers can be stored in the pantry. Perishable food should be sealed and placed in the fridge for short-term storage or freezer for long-ter...		false	null	null
Name some titles from the Goosebumps series.	Welcome to Dead House, Monster Blood, Say Cheese and Die!, The Cuckoo Clock of Doom, Revenge of the Lawn Gnomes, The Horror at Camp Jellyjam		false	null	null
What is the hottest planet in the solar system?	Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system. Its surface is hotter than the inside of an oven. Venus is covered in a blanket of thick, yellow gas, 96.5% Carbon Dioxide, which traps heat from the Sun without letting it escape. Hence Venus can't cool down.		false	null	null
Please summarize the main argument of this paragraph from Woodrow Wilson's speech to Congress asking them to declare war on Germany.	Wilson thought neutrality was impractical, and would actually lead into America more likely being attacked by Germany because what they were doing threatened all of Western civilization. He thought the United States should enter the war on its own terms.	When I addressed the Congress on the 26th of February last, I thought that it would suffice to assert our neutral rights with arms, our right to use the seas against unlawful interference, our right to keep our people safe against unlawful violence. But armed neutrality, it now appears, is impracticable... Armed neutra...	false	null	null
Are these companies private or public	Tesla, Amazon, Uber, Microsoft, Facebook		false	null	null
what previous systems were compared to?	Chiu and Nichols (2016), Lample et al. (2016), Ma and Hovy (2016), Yang et al. (2017), Hashimoto et al. (2016), Søgaard and Goldberg (2016)	Tables TABREF15 and TABREF16 compare results from TagLM with previously published state of the art results without additional labeled data or task specific gazetteers. Tables TABREF17 and TABREF18 compare results of TagLM to other systems that include additional labeled data or gazetteers. In both tasks, TagLM establis...	false	null	1705.00108
What was Nikola Poplašen's profession?	Nikola Poplašen was a Bosnian Serb politician, president of the Republika Srpska from late 1998 to 1999.	Nikola Poplašen (Никола Поплашен; born 15 December 1951 in Sombor) is a former Bosnian Serb politician. He was the president of Republika Srpska from late 1998 to 1999. He was removed by the High Representative of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Carlos Westendorp, on 5 March 1999. The removal was enforced on 2 September 1999. ...	false	null	null
How about the number of objects in training and testing (N_train)?	In the original paper, we used two training and testing settings. Column 1 (train on , test on ), Column 2 (train on , test on ). We fixed the test graph size to 100 because our baselines MemNN and NLM can not be applied (in testing) to larger graphs. We have clarified this in the paper.	From Table we observe the superiority of SpaLoc in terms of accuracy and efficiency. SpaLoc achieves perfect accuracy on test set. And when handling large input domains (N train = 2000), SpaLoc works well because of the sampling techniques, while most baselines cause out-of-memory errors. Sparsity. In Fig., we show the...	false	453	null
Why would a software engineer want to transition into product management?	There could be many reasons. Typical ones include: First, they may want to increase impact in business or strategy decisions. A product manager usually owns the product's direction and roadmap, and also responsible for the end business results. Second, they may want to work more closely with customers and work with pe...		false	null	null

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Scientific Emotional Dialogue

Dataset Summary

This is a dataset for question answering on scientific research papers. It consists of 21.297 questions-answer-evidence pairs.

Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

question-answering: The dataset can be used to train a model for Scientific Question Answering. Success on this task is typically measured by achieving a high F1 score.

Languages

English

Dataset Structure

Data Instances

A typical instance in the dataset:

{
    "question": "What aim do the authors have by improving Wiki(GOLD) results?",
    "answer": "The aim is not to tune their model specifically on this class hierarchy. They instead aim to present a framework which can be modified easily to any domain hierarchy and has acceptable out-of-the-box performances to any fine-grained dataset.",
    "evidence": "The results for each class type are shown in Table TABREF19 , with some specific examples shown in Figure FIGREF18 . For the Wiki(gold) we quote the micro-averaged F-1 scores for the entire top level entity category. The total F-1 score on the OntoNotes dataset is 88%, and the total F-1 cross-validation score on the 112 class Wiki(gold) dataset is 53%. It is worth noting that one could improve Wiki(gold) results by training directly using this dataset. However, the aim is not to tune our model specifically on this class hierarchy. We instead aim to present a framework which can be modified easily to any domain hierarchy and has acceptable out-of-the-box performances to any fine-grained dataset. The results in Table TABREF19 (OntoNotes) only show the main 7 categories in OntoNotes which map to Wiki(gold) for clarity. The other categories (date, time, norp, language, ordinal, cardinal, quantity, percent, money, law) have F-1 scores between 80-90%, with the exception of time (65%)\nIt is worth noting that one could improve Wiki(GOLD) results by training directly using this dataset. However, the aim is not to tune our model specifically on this class hierarchy. We instead aim to present a framework which can be modified easily to any domain hierarchy and has acceptable out-of-the-box performances to any fine-grained dataset.",
    "yes_no": false
}

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Models trained or fine-tuned on DataHammer/scimrc

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Question Answering • Updated Jun 29, 2023 • 2

DataHammer/mozi_baichuan_7b

Question Answering • Updated Jun 29, 2023 • 2