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foundation. It. was my endeavor to prevent any illegal continuation of the ideas of the SS, to take the burden off the shoulders of our faithful youth by burning over the SS Generals. Today as one individual I can only repeat to my colleagues that readiness. Here, in spite of my serious endeavor, the charges seem to gi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,240,000 | 3,240,500 |
went over to National Socialism. This book, however, which was published in 1941, at the time of Germany's greatest victories, clearly shows my repudiation of the Second World War, to which I do not refer with a single word, not even a hint, although my experience in the First World War take up considerable space in th... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,240,450 | 3,240,950 |
at the murder of his best friends, his oldest followers, if they were in his way. Relying upon the blind confidence of his deceived people, Hitler created a system in which all individualism, all sentiment of freedom, all personal opinion of the citizens was nipped in the bud and turned into slavery. He succeeded in th... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,240,900 | 3,241,400 |
high scientific and ethical level and to developing it. And I found in this effort the full support of all German doctors, including the most famous scientists and chief physicians of medical institutions. Wellknown scholars throughout the world supported this work, which was above parties and enjoyed an international ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,241,350 | 3,241,850 |
reach the position of a free and independent doctor and scientist. The Prosecution has charged us, the defendants, with destructive tendencies which were supposed to have been the causes of our actions. I declare myself and know that I am free of such tendencies. They never occurred to my collaborators and myself at an... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,241,800 | 3,242,300 |
no way correspond to the face value of my official position. My real sphere of power was extremely small. It did not exceed that of a well-paid stenographer in the office of an influential man in Germany. If the Tribunal were to start from this fact, it would approach reality much closer than the prosecution did in its... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,242,250 | 3,242,750 |
particularly the reports and therefore the essential core of the human experiments. I know that appearances are against me. Only these external appearances led the prosecution to indict me in this trial and to pass their comment on me during their closing speech, without penetrating to the bottom of matters. This way t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,242,700 | 3,243,200 |
of the contents and their import. I just said that appearances are against me, but I believe I did prove that I did not possess that knowledge. I pray the Tribunal to follow the line of this evidence and, I think, this is not asking too much since the experience of everyday life speaks in my favor. The various affidavi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,243,150 | 3,243,650 |
intentions, and that I say in answer to a question put in the beginning - in spite of my good intentions I was drawn into a guilt - I see it as a guilt, into which human beings can be involved by tragic circumstances without any intention on their part, but to recognize this guilt was sufficient to upset me deeply. THE... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,243,600 | 3,244,100 |
used for experiments in all countries. Under these circumstances it did not appear surprising to me that during the war scientists also Carried out experiments in series in concentration camps. I did not have the least Cause to assume that these scientists in the camps would go beyond the scope of that which otherwise ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,244,050 | 3,244,550 |
best of my conscience that when I furnished my defense counsel with information, and during my own examination on the witness stand, I always spoke the full truth. I have, in fact, had the satisfaction to see that my testimony was confirmed by a witness for the prosecution. During my examination as a witness on the sta... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,244,500 | 3,245,000 |
preparedness to aid justice and to help in prosecuting past crimes was not accepted and that considerable evidence was thus destroyed. As early as August last year, I furnished the prosecution with a report about my activities in the resistance movement, indicating again my willingness. This was passed over, however, w... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,244,950 | 3,245,450 |
the strength of my own feelings had I to find an attitude with regard to this new question of experiments on human beings. I did not approve of them, and I attempted to take the consequence, which could only be that I immediately resigned from my post as the Reich Manager of the Ahnenerbe. I think the testimony of the ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,245,400 | 3,245,900 |
difficulty, the fact that purely scientific questions have been made political, ideological questions by the Prosecution. In the opening speech by the Chief of Counsel, General Taylor, the political and ideological nature of the indictment has been expressed as clearly as possible. Subject of the personal charges again... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,245,850 | 3,246,350 |
the same as those, the participation in which I am unjustly charged with, have been carried out in other countries, above all, in the United States which has indicted me. That has led the Prosecution to place to proper point of its charges upon the outside conditions of the persons put at the disposal for experiments. ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,246,300 | 3,246,800 |
sacrifices on enemies of society to stone for their crimes and does not cover behind the method of a make believe principle of voluntary submission which imposes the risk of the experiment on the experimental subjects who are not in a position to foresee the consequences. The prosecutor in his plea criticized the submi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,246,750 | 3,247,250 |
typhus experiments in Buchenwald, what little correspondence I had with Professor Haagen is apparently entirely in the hands of the prosecution. In spite of that, it has been submitted only in part to you. That fact offered an opportunity to the prosecution to interpret passages taken out of the context incorrectly. Un... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,247,200 | 3,247,700 |
indictment and as far as my activities as a doctor and scientist is concerned, I have nothing or hardly anything to add. I can only repeat today what I said at the end of my examination when I was on the stand. After detailed inquiry into my conscience, I still today hold the belief that I never sinned against my duty ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,247,650 | 3,248,150 |
the Jews has been proved by numerous documents, but without the hatred of the Jews, the participation in tho extermination of Jews is hardly tenable. The measures of suppression to which the Jews were subjected forced me to give them the same assistance within my competence as I accorded to tho politically pursued pers... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,248,100 | 3,248,600 |
special gratitude wo realize the fact offered to us and we took advantage of it, which was given by the possibility to question individually Professor Ivy in this trial. I have seen how the Tribunal itself, by a precise questioning, clarified the facts, and to the statements made by my defense counsel I have nothing to... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,248,550 | 3,249,050 |
carry it out in the concentration camp. May it please the Tribunal, in your evaluation of this fact, please do not fail to consider that this did not happen in times of peace, nor in a country which granted its citizens individual freedom of decision in all matters, personal and professional, but during the bitter days... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,249,000 | 3,249,500 |
At no time was my conduct other than that of humaneness, that of a physician. The experiments as they were actually conducted have never gone beyond that which can be justified by the physician. I consider myself as a physician and a human being free of guilt. THE PRESIDENT:The defendant Pokorny. DEFENDANT POKORNY:Your... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,249,450 | 3,249,950 |
of the trial, from making any further statements. THE PRESIDENT:The defendant Fischer. DEFENDANT FISCHER:Your Honors, when this war began I was just a young doctor, 27 years of age. My attitude towards my people and my Fatherland took me to the front line as a troop doctor. I there joined an armored division, where I r... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,249,900 | 3,250,400 |
I hope that through my unconditional devotion at the front and to my two injuries, I have shown that I not only asked others to make sacrifices, but that I was prepared at any time to sacrifice myself with my life and my health. Within the scope of the order given to me I did what I could, in my limited position as an ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,250,350 | 3,250,850 |
cause. (At 1225 hours, 19 July 1947, a recess was taken, subject to call by the Tribunal.) Official Transcript of the American Military Tribunal in the matter of the United States of America, against Karl Brandt, et al, defendants, sitting at Nurnberg, Germany, on 19 August, 1947, 0930 -- Justice Beals presiding. THE M... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,250,800 | 3,251,300 |
in the indictment was begun by the Prosecution on 9 December 1946. At the conclusion of the prosecution's case in chief the defendants began the presentation of their evidence. All evidence in the case was concluded on 3 July 1947. During the week beginning 14 July 1947 the Tribunal heard arguments by counsel for the P... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,251,250 | 3,251,750 |
is recognized as a crime: "(b) War Crimes: Atrocities or offenses against persons or property constituting violations of the laws or customs of war, including but not limited to, murder, ill-treatment or deportation to slave labour or for any other purpose, of civilian population from occupied territory, murder or ill-... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,251,700 | 3,252,200 |
one of its trial sessions the Tribunal granted the motion. That this judgment may be complete, the ruling made at that time is incorporated in this judgment. The order which was entered on the motion is as follows: "It is the ruling of this Tribunal that neither the Charter of the International Military Tribunal nor Co... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,252,150 | 3,252,650 |
were not limited to" the following: "(A) High Altitude Experiments. From about March 1942 to about August 1942 experiments were conducted at the Dachau Concentration Camp for the benefit of the German Air Force to investigate the limits of human endurance and existence at extremely high altitudes. The experiments were ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,252,600 | 3,253,100 |
Lost. Some of the subjects died as a result of these experiments and others suffered intense pain and injury. The defendants Karl Brandt, Handloser, Blome, Rostock, Gebhardt, Rudolf Brandt, and Sievers are charged with special responsibility for and participation in these crimes. "(E) Sulfanilamide Experiments- From ab... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,253,050 | 3,253,550 |
Brandt, Handloser, Rostock, Schroeder, Gebhardt, Rudolf Brandt, Mrugowsky, Poppendick, Sievers, Rose, and Becker-Freyseng are charged with special responsibility for and participation in these crimes. "(I) Sterilization Experiments. From about March 41 to about January 1945 sterilization experiments were conducted at t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,253,500 | 3,254,000 |
and purpose of which have been outlined as alleged, certain of the defendants are charged with criminal activities involving murder, torture, and ill-treatment of non-German nationals as follows: "7. Between June 1943 and September 1944 the defendants Rudolf Brandt and Sievers... were principals in, accessories to, ord... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,253,950 | 3,254,450 |
of war, the general principles of criminal law as derived from the criminal laws of all civilized nations, the internal penal laws of the countries in which such crimes were committed, and of Article II of Control Council Law No. 10." Count Four - Membership in Criminal Organization: The fourth count of the indictment ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,254,400 | 3,254,900 |
civilians, including Jews and "asocial" persons, were carried out on a large scale in Germany and the occupied countries. These experiments were not the isolated and casual acts of individual doctors and researchists working solely on their own responsibility, but were the product of coordinated policymaking and planni... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,254,850 | 3,255,350 |
results will justify the performance of the experiment. 4. The experiment should be so conducted as to avoid all unnecessary physical and mental suffering and injury. 5. No experiment should be conducted where there is an appropriate reason to believe that death or disabling injury will occur; except, perhaps, in those... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,255,300 | 3,255,800 |
In no case was the experimental subject at liberty of his own free choice to withdraw from any experiment. In many cases experiments were performed by unqualified persons; were conducted at random for no adequate scientific reason, and under revolting physical conditions. All of the experiments were conducted with unne... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,255,750 | 3,256,250 |
of these counts. Under no other circumstances may he be convicted. Before examining the evidence to which we must look in order to determine individual culpability a brief statement concerning some of the official agencies of the German government and Nazi Party which will be referred to in this judgment seems desirabl... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,256,200 | 3,256,700 |
was chief of the Institute for Aviation Medicine in Munich; BeckerFreyseng, a consultant for aviation medicine in Schroeder's office; Puff, the chief of the Institute for Aviation Medicine in the German Experimental Institute for Aviation in Berlin; Romberg, Ruff's chief assistant, who toward the end of the war attaine... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,256,650 | 3,257,150 |
to September 1943, as Chief Physician, at the Buchenwald Concentration Camp; Fischer, an assistant physician to the defendant Gebhardt; and finally the defendant Oberhauser, who in December 1940 became a physician at the Ravensbruck Concentration Camp, and thereafter, from June 1943 until the end of the war, served as ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,257,100 | 3,257,600 |
the fundamental events in the medical service of the Wehrmacht and in the Civilian Health Service" and "is authorized to intervene in a responsible manner." A subsequent decree issued 5 September 1943 extended the powers of the defendant Karl Brandt by providing: "The plenipotentiary for the Medical and Health Services... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,257,550 | 3,258,050 |
an organization to conduct or further "research on the locality, mind, deeds and heritage of the Northern race of Indo-Germans and to pass on the results of this research to the people in an interesting manner." On 1 January 1942 the Society became part of the Personal Staff of the Reichsfuehrer SS and thereby a sectio... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,258,000 | 3,258,500 |
a portion of Germany, studied medicine, and passed his medical examination in 1928. He joined the National Socialist Party in January 1932, and became a member of the SA in 1933. He became a member of the Allgemeine--SS in July 1934 and was appointed Untersturmfuehrer on the day he joined that organization. During the ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,258,450 | 3,258,950 |
and directing the problems and activities of the entire Radical and Health Services according to instructions. In this sense this order applies also to the field of Medical Science and Research, as well as to the organizational institutions concerned with the manufacture and distribution of medical material. "The pleni... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,258,900 | 3,259,400 |
that the decree "in special cases" relieved German physicians from one of the generally accepted principles of medical practice. From the year 1942 to the end of the war Karl Brandt was a member of the Reich Research Council and was also a member of the Presidential Council of that body. Karl Brandt, then, finally reac... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,259,350 | 3,259,850 |
conducted on non-German nationals, without their consent, and in flagrant disregard of their personal rights; and that such experiments were planned for the future. In the medical field Karl Brandt held a position of the highest rank directly under Hitler. He was in a position to intervene with authority on all medical... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,259,800 | 3,260,300 |
letter written by the defendant Sievers to the defendant Rudolf Brandt, dated 11 April 1944, points to the fact that Karl Brandt knew of still other such experiments. The letter states, that in accordance with instructions he, Sievers, had contacted Karl Brandt, at Beelitz, and had reported to him concerning the activi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,260,250 | 3,260,750 |
Keitel has given permission to build; Reichsfuehrer-SS and Generalarzt Professor Brandt have assured him of vast support. by request of Field Marshal Keitel the Armed Forces are not to have a responsible share in the experiments, since experiments will also be conducted on human beings." It is significant that Hitler's... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,260,700 | 3,261,200 |
Shortly after the commencement of operations for the disposal of "incurables", the program was extended to Jews, and then to concentration camp inmates. In this letter phase of the program, prisoners deemed by the examining doctors to be unfit or useless for labor were ruthlessly wooded out and sent to the exterminatio... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,261,150 | 3,261,650 |
he is criminally responsible in the program. We find that Karl Brandt was responsible for, aided and abetted, took a consenting part in, and was connected with plans and enterprises involving medical experiments conducted on non-German nationals against their consent, and in other atrocities, in the course of which mur... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,261,600 | 3,262,100 |
mentioned. His professional career is more particularly described above. Handloser states that prior to his last appointment in 1944 he was authorized to issue "instructions", but not orders - testifying that after his latest appointment he had authority to issue orders to the chiefs of the medical services of all bran... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,262,050 | 3,262,550 |
Medical Services in the Civilian Sector. At the fourth meeting of Consulting Physicians held at Hohenlychen, 16 to 18 May 1944, Karl Brandt - in addressing the meeting - said that Handloser, a soldier and a physician, was "responsible for the use and the performance of our medical officers". Schreiber, until 30 May 194... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,262,500 | 3,263,000 |
at that meeting; in fact, he had addressed the meeting prior to Gebhardt's giving his report. As stated elsewhere, Gebhardt made a frank and candid report of what he had been doing at Pavensbruck; honestly telling the group that his experimental subjects were not volunteers, but were concentration camp inmates condemne... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,262,950 | 3,263,450 |
Cracow and Lemberg were engaged in the production of the Weigl vaccine from the intestines of lice. This vaccine was thought to be effective, but the production procedure was complicated and expensive; hence, sufficient quantities of this vaccine could not be furnished. Another vaccine the so-called Cox-Haagen-Gildemei... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,263,400 | 3,263,900 |
disappeared; his official leg or journal concerning his work at Buchenwald is the document in evidence. This diary was kept by one Eugen Kogon, an inmate at Buchenwald. He made the actual entries and Ding verified and signed them. Kogon, an Austrian subject, testified for the Prosecution. We learn from hid testimony th... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,263,850 | 3,264,350 |
commencement of the experiments on concentration camp inmates to determine the efficiency of the egg yolk vaccine. It seems certain that the foregoing entry in the Ding Diary was written or rewritten at some date later than that which it bears, but the entry may be accepted as evidence of probative value to the fact th... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,264,300 | 3,264,800 |
which was presided over by Schreiber, Handloser's subordinate. Defendant Rose, having heard the report, openly objected to the character of the experiments carried out at Buchenwald. Schreiber, then, had full knowledge of the nature of the experiments there carried on. Rose's vigorous objection was doubtless a subject ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,264,750 | 3,265,250 |
for the prevention of acts which are violations of the law of war. The reason for the rule is plain and understandable. As is pointed out in a decision rendered by the Supreme Court of the United States, entitled Application of Yamashita, reported on 66 Supreme Court, Pages 340-347, 1946: "It is evident that the conduc... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,265,200 | 3,265,700 |
the Army Medical Inspectorate and was subordinate to the Military Medical Academy in Berlin. He attained the rank of Brigadier General, Medical Department (Reserve). In 1943 he was appointed Chief of the Office for Medical Science and Research, a department under the supervision of defendant Karl Brandt, in which posit... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,265,650 | 3,266,150 |
Wehrmacht assigned to some particular physician or institute a particular scientific or medical problem, a copy of the assignment would be forwarded to Rostock, who would then coordinate the matter by ascertaining whether or not that assignment was being worked on by some other agency or whether it would lead to worthw... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,266,100 | 3,266,600 |
Generalstabsarzt (Major General). On 1 January 1944 he replaced Hippke as Chief of the Medical Service of the Luftwaffe. Simultaneously he was promoted to Generaloberstabarzt (Lieutenant General), which was the highest rank obtainable in the medical services. As Chief of the Medical Service of the Luftwaffe, all medica... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,266,550 | 3,267,050 |
of these experiments are discussed elsewhere in this judgment. The experiments were carried out by a Luftwaffe Medical Officer, Prof. Dr. Haagen. As a medical officer of the Luftwaffe he was subject to Schroeder's orders after the latter became Chief of the Medical Service of the Luftwaffe. The office of Schroeder issu... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,267,000 | 3,267,500 |
subordinates, or to prescribe the conditions under which the concentration camp inmates could be used as experimental subjects. As was the case with reference to the freezing experiments at Dachau, non-German nationals were used as experimental subjects, none gave their consent, and many suffered injury and death as a ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,267,450 | 3,267,950 |
the problem. Present at the conference, among others, were Berka and the defendants BeckerFreyseng and Schaefer. There is no doubt that the conference was well informed, and discussed all current data upon the subject. Such fact appears from the minutes of the meeting, in which it is stated? "...Captain (Med.) Dr. Beck... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,267,900 | 3,268,400 |
experiments on voluntary experimental subjects, demands a final solution: The Luftwaffe has simultaneously developed two methods for making seawater potable. The one method, developed by a Medical Officer, removes the salt from the seawater and transforms it into real drinking water; the second method, suggested by an ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,268,350 | 3,268,850 |
that, how in the administrative way this was organized, we never learned... it was an inter-office affair... We only saw the initial point and the end point of this route." Thus began another experiment conducted under the auspices of the defendant Schroeder, wherein the initiator of the experiment failed to exercise t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,268,800 | 3,269,300 |
with the reading of the judgment in connection with the defendant, Genzken? GENZKEN The defendant Genzken is charged under Counts Two and Three of the Indictment with special responsibility for, and participation in, Sulfanilamide, Spotted Fever, Poison, and Incendiary Bomb experiments. The Prosecution has abandoned th... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,269,250 | 3,269,750 |
is clearly proven. Mrugowsky put his laboratory and co-workers at Gebhardt's disposal. He furnished the bacterial cultures for the infections. He conferred with Gebhardt about the medical problems involved. It was on the suggestion of Mrugowsky's office that wood shavings and ground glass were placed in artificially in... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,269,700 | 3,270,200 |
of these experiments two buildings or "blocks" were used. The experiments were conducted in Block 46, and when a satisfactory vaccine was decided upon, Block 5C was used for the preparation of vaccines. During the course of the experiments with vaccines in March 1942 Ding himself contracted Typhus. Genzken testified th... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,270,150 | 3,270,650 |
in the beginning of the report. "The experimental subjects were mostly in their twenties and thirties. Care was taken when selecting them that they did not come from typhus districts and also to ensure an interval of four to six weeks between the protective vaccination and the outbreak of the clinical symptoms of the d... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,270,600 | 3,271,100 |
standing close to his desk. I told him that the various vaccines which I mentioned to him had a different "effect; I told him that the effect varied as to the length of the temperature and a reduction of fatalities; and I told him that after having vaccinated the entire SS we could count on some protective effect for a... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,271,050 | 3,271,550 |
not constitute War Crimes they constituted Crimes against Humanity. MEMBERSHIP IN CRIMINAL ORGANIZATION: Under Court Four of the indictment Genzken is charged with being a member of an organization declared criminal by the Judgment of the International Military Tribunal, namely, the SS. The evidence shows that Genzken ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,271,500 | 3,272,000 |
now be made thereon. The experimental subjects consisted of 15 male concentration camp inmates used during preliminary experiments in July 1942, but later 60 Polich women, who were experimented on in 5 groups of 12 subjects each. In the first series of experiments the healthy subjects were infected with various bacteri... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,271,950 | 3,272,450 |
carried out in Ravensbruck Concentration Camp during the same time, and on the same group of Polish women used in the sulfanilamide experiments. Upon these Polish inmates three kinds of cone operations were performed -- artificially induced fractures, bone transplantations, bone splints the conditions of the operations... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,272,400 | 3,272,900 |
experiments." (Pro. 31) This alone is deemed to be sufficient to show that Dr. Gebhardt knew about, and approved, the performance of the Sea Water experiments as charged in the Indictment. STERILIZATION EXPERIMENTS: Details of the sterilization experiments will be dealt with elsewhere in this Judgment; and it is unnece... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,272,850 | 3,273,350 |
been held applicable to a case where the one to whom the order is given has free latitude of decision whether to accept the order or reject it. Such was the situation with reference to Gebhardt. The record makes it manifestly plain that he was not ordered to perform the experiments, but that he sought the opportunity t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,273,300 | 3,273,800 |
is charged under Counts Two and Three or the Indictment with personal responsibility for, and participation in Malaria, Lost Gas, and Sulfanilamide experiments; the extermination of tubercular Poles; and the execution of the euthanasia program. Proof has also been adduced for the purpose of showing that he participated... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,273,750 | 3,274,250 |
found in a series of letters with reference to the tuberculosis menace in the Reichsgau Wartheland, which had been overrun by the German Reich and settled by its citizens. During the year 1941 the German Government began a program of extermination of the Jewish population of the Eastern occupied territories. On 1 May 1... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,274,200 | 3,274,700 |
special treatment in the sense of the proposal of Gauleader Greiser. .. The individual measures, though, will first have to be discussed thoroughly with the Security Police, in order to carry out the execution with the least possible attraction of attention." The opinions thus rendered undoubtedly received the full app... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,274,650 | 3,275,150 |
appropriate cure in order to save them for work aid to avoid their causing contagion." Blome then proceeds, stating that he has made arrangements for commen-cement of the "radical procedure", but suggests that some assurance should be procured that Hitler would agree to the project. The letter then goes on to say: "I c... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,275,100 | 3,275,600 |
suggest you look for a suitable area to which the incurable consumptives can be sent. Beside the incurables, other patients with less severe cases of tuberculosis could quite well be put into this territory too. This action would also, of course, have to be exploited with the appropriate form of propaganda. "Before wri... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,275,550 | 3,276,050 |
of bacteriological warfare. Blome who was Plenipotentiary for Cancer Research in the Reich Research Council, admits that the problem of cancer research was allied with the Research Commission for Protection against biological warfare. He admits further, that he was placed in charge of an institute near Posen in which t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,276,000 | 3,276,500 |
is charged with special responsibility for, and participation in, High/Altitude, Freezing, Malaria, Lost Gas, Sulfanilamide, Bone, Muscle and Nerve Regeneration and Bone Transplantation, Seawater, Epidemic Jaundice, Sterilization, and Typhus Experiments. He is also charged under these counts with criminal responsibilit... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,276,450 | 3,276,950 |
the evidence on this item discloses that during the period between March and August 1942 certain medical experiments were conducted at the Dachau Concentration Camp in Germany, for the benefit of the German Air Forest to determine the limits of human endurance and existence at extremely high altitudes. Various human be... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,276,900 | 3,277,400 |
"In the second half of 1942 Hirt (Dr. August Hirt) together with... who served in the Luftwaffe, initiated experiments on inmates of the Natzweiler Concentration Camp. The inmates for these as well as other experiments were simply chosen by Pohl's office, the Economic and Administrative Main Office (WVHA). In order to ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,277,350 | 3,277,850 |
carried on in the Natzweiler Concentration Camp beginning with the year 1942. The details of these experiments have been dealt with elsewhere in this judgment. In the evidence it is proven that not less than 50 experimental subjects died as a direct result of their participation in these typhus experiments. Persons of ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,277,800 | 3,278,300 |
EPIDEMIC JAUNDICE EXPERIMENTS,AND THE CHARGE OF THE MURDER AND MISTREATMENT OF POLES It appears to be well established that Himmler sponsored, supported, furthered, or initiated each of these enterprises. Doubtless Brandt knew what was going on, and perhaps he helped in the program. The evidence is not sufficient, howe... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,278,250 | 3,278,750 |
under Counts Two and Three of the Indictment with special responsibility for, and participation in, freezing, malaria, sulfanilamide, typhus, poison, epidemic jaundice, and incendiary bomb, experiments. Charges were made concerning certain other medical experiments, but they have been abandoned by the Prosecution. Mrug... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,278,700 | 3,279,200 |
inmates being inoculated with vaccines, other groups (known as central groups) being given no immunization, and finally both groups being artificially infected with a virulent virus, and the results noted upon the experimental subjects. We learn from the Ding Diary, the authenticity and reliability of which has been di... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,279,150 | 3,279,650 |
Ding." "Typhus vaccine experimental series IX" began on 17 July Twenty persons were immunized with the vaccine "Weimar", produced by the department for typhus and virus research of the Hygiene Institute of the Waffen-SS; and for comparison, another group of 20 persons were immunized with vaccine "Weigl" produced from l... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,279,600 | 3,280,100 |
German criminal prisoners but also Poles, Russians and Frenchmen, both civilians and prisoners of war. In all the typhus experiments death resulted to many experimental subjects. As to each of these experiments the evidence is overwhelming that they were carried out by Ding under the orders or authority of the defendan... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,280,050 | 3,280,550 |
63 minutes the patellar and achilles tendon reflexes of the poisoned subjects were negative. The abdominal reflexes of two of them were also negative. The upper abdominal reflexes of the third were still positive, while the lower were negative. After approximately 90 minutes, one of the subjects again started breathing... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,280,500 | 3,281,000 |
the infections. It was on the suggestion of Mrugowsky's office that wood shavings and ground glass were placed in the wounds of the subjects so that battle-field wounds would be more closely simulated. GAS OEDEMA EXPERIMENTS: Toward the end of 1942 a conference was held in the Military Medical Academy, Berlin, to discu... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,280,950 | 3,281,450 |
and Poison Experiments have been abandoned by the Prosecution and hence will not be considered further. Poppendick studied medicine at several German universities from 1921 to 1926, and passed his state examination in December of the latter year. He joined the NSDPJ? on 1 March 1932 and the SS on 1 July following. He r... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,281,400 | 3,281,900 |
the Military Medical Academy, Berlin, and heard lectures by Gebhardt a and Fischerconcerning the sulfanilamide experiments, which have been discussed elsewhere in this Judgment. Under date of 7 September 1942 he signed a certificate to a true copy of a report concerning sulfanilamide experiments which had been conducte... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,281,850 | 3,282,350 |
Grawitz. It is evident that Poppendick knew of these . sterilization experiments, although it is not shown that he was criminally connected with them. TYPHUS EXPERIMENTS: It is not clear from the evidence that Poppendick was criminally connected with, or had knowledge of, the nature of the typhus experiments at Buchenw... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,282,300 | 3,282,800 |
the evidence concerning the charges made by the Prosecution against the defendant Poppendick. Certainly the evidence raises a strong suspicion that he was involved in the experiments. He at least had notice of them and of their consequences. He knew also that they were being carried on by the SS of which he was and rem... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,282,750 | 3,283,250 |
charged in the Fourth Count of the Indictment. Judge Sebring will continue reading the judgment. JUDGE SEBRING: SIEVERS The defendant Sievers is charged under Counts Two and Three of the Indictment with special responsibility for, and participation in, High Altitude, Freezing, Malaria, Lost Gas, Seawater, Epidemic Jaun... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,283,200 | 3,283,700 |
treasury. Besides that he also had to manage the Ahnenerbe-Publishlng House. In June 1943 Professor Dr. Mentzel, who among other things was Chief of the Business Managing advisory Council of the Reich Research Council, appointed Sievers as his deputy. By this act Sievers did not become a member of the Reich Research Co... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,283,650 | 3,284,150 |
had been carried out. in con conjunction with the Reserch and Instruction Association "Das Ahnenerbe". Sievers had actual knowledge of the criminal aspects of the Rascher experiments. He was notified that Dachau inmates were to be used. He himself inspector the experiments. He himself inspected the experiments. Sievers... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,284,100 | 3,284,600 |
Sievers in his letter of 28 January 1943 to Rudolf Brandt in which he stated that he smoothed the way for research workers and saw to it that Himmler's orders were carried out. Under those facts Sievers in chargeable with the criminal activities in these experiments. MALARIA EXPERIMENTS: Details of these experiments ar... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 3,284,550 | 3,285,050 |
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