id stringlengths 3 8 | title stringlengths 3 52 | url stringlengths 33 82 | text stringlengths 20.8k 159k | category stringclasses 15
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698 | Atlantic Ocean | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean | The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the Age of Discovery, it was known for separating the New World of the Americas (North America and South America) from th... | geography | 8,122 |
736 | Albert Einstein | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein | Albert Einstein (14 March 187918 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist best known for developing the theory of relativity. Einstein also made important contributions to quantum theory. His mass–energy equivalence formula , which arises from special relativity, has been called "the world's most famous equa... | biographies | 14,617 |
775 | Algorithm | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm | In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm () is a finite sequence of mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. Algorithms are used as specifications for performing calculations and data processing. More advanced algorithms can use con... | computer_science | 5,020 |
842 | Aegean Sea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegean_Sea | The Aegean Sea is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia. It is located between the Balkans and Anatolia, and covers an area of some . In the north, the Aegean is connected to the Marmara Sea, which in turn connects to the Black Sea, by the straits of the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus, ... | geography | 4,488 |
874 | Ancient Egypt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt | Ancient Egypt was a cradle of civilization concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in Northeast Africa. It emerged from prehistoric Egypt around 3150BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology), when Upper and Lower Egypt were amalgamated by Menes, who is believed by the majority of Egyptologists t... | ancient_medieval | 12,036 |
1016 | Achill Island | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achill_Island | Achill Island (; ) is located off the west coast of Ireland in the historical barony of Burrishoole, County Mayo. It is the largest of the Irish isles and has an area of approximately . Achill had a population of 2,345 in the 2022 census. The island, which has been connected to the mainland by a bridge since 1887, is s... | geography | 3,551 |
1206 | Atomic orbital | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_orbital | In quantum mechanics, an atomic orbital () is a function describing the location and wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom. This function describes an electron's charge distribution around the atom's nucleus, and can be used to calculate the probability of finding an electron in a specific region around the nucl... | physics | 8,614 |
1208 | Alan Turing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing | Alan Mathison Turing (; 23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher and theoretical biologist. He was highly influential in the development of theoretical computer science, providing a formalisation of the concepts of algorithm and computation with t... | biographies | 8,250 |
1750 | Andaman Islands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islands | The Andaman Islands () are an archipelago, made up of 200 islands, in the northeastern Indian Ocean about southwest off the coasts of Myanmar's Ayeyarwady Region. Together with the Nicobar Islands to their south, the Andamans serve as a maritime boundary between the Bay of Bengal to the west and the Andaman Sea to the... | geography | 4,031 |
1914 | Antimicrobial resistance | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial_resistance | Antimicrobial resistance (AMR or AR) occurs when microbes evolve mechanisms that protect them from antimicrobials, which are drugs used to treat infections. This resistance affects all classes of microbes, including bacteria (antibiotic resistance), viruses (antiviral resistance), parasites (antiparasitic resistance), ... | biology | 12,539 |
2844 | History of atomic theory | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_atomic_theory | Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. The definition of the word "atom" has changed over the years in response to scientific discoveries. Initially, it referred to a hypothetical concept of there being some fundamental particle of matter, too small to be seen by the n... | physics | 8,373 |
3335 | Baltic Sea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_Sea | The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by the countries of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North and Central European Plain regions. It is the world's largest brackish water basin.
The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 10°E... | geography | 10,781 |
3386 | Black Sea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea | The Black Sea is a marginal sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. The Black Sea is supplied by major rivers, principally the Danube, Dnieper and Dnie... | geography | 7,539 |
3469 | British Virgin Islands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands | The British Virgin Islands (BVI), officially the Virgin Islands,According to the Virgin Islands Constitution Order, 2007, the territory's official name is simply 'Virgin Islands'. are a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean, to the east of Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands and north-west of Anguilla. The isla... | geography | 5,333 |
3793 | Battle of Bosworth Field | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bosworth_Field | The Battle of Bosworth or Bosworth Field ( ) was the last significant battle of the Wars of the Roses, the civil war between the houses of Lancaster and York that extended across England and Wales in the latter half of the 15th century. Fought on 22 August 1485, the battle was won by an alliance of Lancastrians and dis... | wars_military | 9,216 |
4436 | Brownian motion | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownian_motion | Brownian motion is the random motion of particles suspended in a medium (a liquid or a gas). The traditional mathematical formulation of Brownian motion is that of the Wiener process, which is often called Brownian motion, even in mathematical sources.
This motion pattern typically consists of random fluctuations in ... | physics | 4,153 |
4925 | Blue whale | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_whale | The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is a marine mammal and a baleen whale. Reaching a maximum confirmed length of and weighing up to , it is the largest animal known to have ever existed. The blue whale's long and slender body can be of various shades of greyish-blue on its upper surface and somewhat lighter undern... | nature_wildlife | 5,205 |
5468 | Cayman Islands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayman_Islands | The Cayman Islands () is a self-governing British Overseas Territory in the western Caribbean. It is the largest by population of all the British Overseas Territories. The territory comprises the three islands of Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac and Little Cayman, which are located south of Cuba and north-east of Honduras, b... | geography | 7,716 |
5500 | Christmas Island | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_Island | Christmas Island, officially the Territory of Christmas Island, is an Australian external territory in the Indian Ocean comprising the island of the same name. It is about south of Java and Sumatra and about north-west of the closest point on the Australian mainland. It has an area of .Shire of Christmas Island Chris... | geography | 6,767 |
5510 | Clipperton Island | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clipperton_Island | Clipperton Island ( ; ), also known as Clipperton Atoll and previously as Clipperton's Rock, is an uninhabited French coral atoll in the eastern Pacific Ocean. The only French territory in the North Pacific, Clipperton is from Paris, France; from Papeete, French Polynesia; and from Acapulco, Mexico.
Clipperton was... | geography | 6,494 |
5617 | Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creutzfeldt–Jakob_disease | Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is an incurable, invariably fatal, neurodegenerative disease belonging to the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) group. Early symptoms include memory problems, behavioral changes, poor coordination, visual disturbances and auditory disturbances. Later symptoms include dementia... | medicine_health | 4,770 |
5750 | Cognitive behavioral therapy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy | Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of psychotherapy that aims to reduce symptoms of various mental health conditions, primarily depression, and disorders such as PTSD and anxiety disorders. This therapy focuses on challenging unhelpful and irrational negative thoughts and beliefs, referred to as 'self-talk' a... | medicine_health | 9,001 |
5876 | Coronary artery disease | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease | Coronary artery disease (CAD), also called coronary heart disease (CHD), or ischemic heart disease (IHD), is a type of heart disease involving the reduction of blood flow to the cardiac muscle due to a build-up of atheromatous plaque in the arteries of the heart. It is the most common of the cardiovascular diseases. CA... | medicine_health | 4,869 |
6115 | P versus NP problem | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P_versus_NP_problem | The P versus NP problem is a major unsolved problem in theoretical computer science. Informally, it asks whether every problem whose solution can be quickly verified can also be quickly solved.
Here, "quickly" means an algorithm exists that solves the task and runs in polynomial time (as opposed to, say, exponential t... | computer_science | 5,662 |
6355 | Chloroplast | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast | A chloroplast () is a type of organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells. Chloroplasts have a high concentration of chlorophyll pigments which capture the energy from sunlight and convert it to chemical energy and release oxygen. The chemical energy created is then used to... | biology | 12,565 |
7012 | Chagas disease | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chagas_disease | Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a tropical parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. It is spread mostly by insects in the subfamily Triatominae, known as "kissing bugs". The symptoms change throughout the infection. In the early stage, symptoms are typically either not present or mild a... | medicine_health | 4,961 |
7172 | Chemotherapy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapy | Chemotherapy (often abbreviated chemo, sometimes CTX and CTx) is the type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents or alkylating agents) in a standard regimen. Chemotherapy may be given with a curative intent (which almost always involves combinations of drugs), or it may aim... | medicine_health | 10,028 |
7376 | Cosmic microwave background | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background | The cosmic microwave background (CMB, CMBR), or relic radiation, is microwave radiation that fills all space in the observable universe. With a standard optical telescope, the background space between stars and galaxies is almost completely dark. However, a sufficiently sensitive radio telescope detects a faint backgro... | physics | 7,492 |
7543 | Computational complexity theory | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_complexity_theory | In theoretical computer science and mathematics, computational complexity theory focuses on classifying computational problems according to their resource usage, and explores the relationships between these classifications. A computational problem is a task solved by a computer. A computation problem is solvable by mec... | computer_science | 5,197 |
7783 | Coriolis force | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolis_force | In physics, the Coriolis force is a pseudo force that acts on objects in motion within a frame of reference that rotates with respect to an inertial frame. In a reference frame with clockwise rotation, the force acts to the left of the motion of the object. In one with anticlockwise (or counterclockwise) rotation, the ... | physics | 7,394 |
7844 | Chimpanzee | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimpanzee | The chimpanzee (; Pan troglodytes), also simply known as the chimp, is a species of great ape native to the forests and savannahs of tropical Africa. It has four confirmed subspecies and a fifth proposed one. When its close relative, the bonobo, was more commonly known as the pygmy chimpanzee, this species was often ca... | nature_wildlife | 7,095 |
7955 | DNA | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid (;: DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. The polymer carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic ac... | biology | 9,443 |
8303 | Down syndrome | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_syndrome | Down syndrome or Down's syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. It is usually associated with developmental delays, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and characteristic physical features.
The parents of the affected indiv... | medicine_health | 7,985 |
9236 | Evolution | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution | Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. It occurs when evolutionary processes such as genetic drift and natural selection act on genetic variation, resulting in certain characteristics becoming more or less common within a population over successiv... | biology | 10,609 |
9312 | Endocrine system | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system | The endocrine system is a messenger system in an organism comprising feedback loops of hormones that are released by internal glands directly into the circulatory system and that target and regulate distant organs. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems.
In humans, the ... | medicine_health | 3,993 |
9426 | Electromagnetic radiation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation | In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or electromagnetic wave (EMW) is a self-propagating wave of the electromagnetic field that carries momentum and radiant energy through space.* p 430: "These waves... require no medium to support their propagation. Traveling electromagnetic waves carry energy, and... the Poyn... | physics | 7,111 |
9891 | Entropy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy | Entropy is a scientific concept, most commonly associated with states of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. The term and the concept are used in diverse fields, from classical thermodynamics, where it was first recognized, to the microscopic description of nature in statistical physics, and to the principles of info... | physics | 9,001 |
10264 | Enrico Fermi | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_Fermi | Enrico Fermi (; 29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian and naturalized American physicist, renowned for being the creator of the world's first artificial nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1, and a member of the Manhattan Project. He has been called the "architect of the nuclear age" and the "architect of ... | biographies | 7,173 |
10350 | Easter Rising | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter_Rising | The Easter Rising (), also known as the Easter Rebellion, was an armed insurrection in Ireland during Easter Week in April 1916. The Rising was launched by Irish republicans against British rule in Ireland with the aim of establishing an independent Irish Republic while the United Kingdom was fighting the First World W... | political_movements | 10,577 |
12266 | Genetics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics | Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.Hartl D, Jones E (2005) It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution. Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian friar working in the 19th century in Brno, was the first to study genetics scientifically. Me... | biology | 6,483 |
12401 | Graph theory | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_theory | In mathematics and computer science, graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph in this context is made up of vertices (also called nodes or points) which are connected by edges (also called arcs, links or lines). A distinction is mad... | computer_science | 4,728 |
12590 | Grace Hopper | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Hopper | Grace Brewster Hopper (; December 9, 1906 – January 1, 1992) was an American computer scientist, mathematician, and United States Navy rear admiral. She was a pioneer of computer programming. Hopper was the first to devise the theory of machine-independent programming languages, and used this theory to develop the FLOW... | biographies | 4,546 |
12644 | Glycolysis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis | The wide occurrence of glycolysis in other species indicates that it is an ancient metabolic pathway. Indeed, the reactions that make up glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, can occur in the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes, catalyzed by metal i... | biology | 6,797 |
12891 | Gene therapy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_therapy | Gene therapy is medical technology that aims to produce a therapeutic effect through the manipulation of gene expression or through altering the biological properties of living cells.
The first attempt at modifying human DNA was performed in 1980, by Martin Cline, but the first successful nuclear gene transfer in huma... | medicine_health | 9,432 |
13308 | Hittites | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittites | The Hittites () were an Anatolian Indo-European people who formed one of the first major civilizations of the Bronze Age in West Asia. Possibly originating from beyond the Black Sea, they settled in modern-day Turkey in the early 2nd millennium BC. The Hittites formed a series of polities in north-central Anatolia, inc... | ancient_medieval | 9,139 |
13311 | Hormone | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone | A hormone (from the Greek participle , "setting in motion") is a class of signaling molecules in multicellular organisms that are sent to distant organs or tissues by complex biological processes to regulate physiology and behavior. Hormones are required for the normal development of animals, plants and fungi. Due to t... | medicine_health | 3,310 |
13654 | Heat engine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_engine | A heat engine is a system that transfers thermal energy to do mechanical or electrical work.Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, 3rd ed. p. 159, (1985) by G. J. Van Wylen and R. E. Sonntag: "A heat engine may be defined as a device that operates in thermodynamic cycle and does a certain amount of net positive work... | physics | 3,297 |
13833 | Hash table | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_table | In computer science, a hash table is a data structure that implements an associative array, also called a dictionary or simply map; an associative array is an abstract data type that maps keys to values. A hash table uses a hash function to compute an index, also called a hash code, into an array of buckets or slots, f... | computer_science | 3,940 |
14627 | Isaac Newton | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton | Sir Isaac Newton (; ) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, author, and inventor. He was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment that followed. His book (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), first published in 1687, achieved ... | biographies | 13,610 |
14838 | Inertial frame of reference | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial_frame_of_reference | In classical physics and special relativity, an inertial frame of reference (also called an inertial space or a Galilean reference frame) is a frame of reference in which objects exhibit inertia: they remain at rest or in uniform motion relative to the frame until acted upon by external forces. In such a frame, the law... | physics | 5,549 |
15112 | Wave interference | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_interference | In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two coherent waves are combined by adding their intensities or displacements with due consideration for their phase difference. The resultant wave may have greater amplitude (constructive interference) or lower amplitude (destructive interference) if the two waves are i... | physics | 3,378 |
16217 | Jaguar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar | The jaguar (Panthera onca) is a large cat species and the only living member of the genus Panthera that is native to the Americas. With a body length of up to and a weight of up to , it is the biggest cat species in the Americas and the third largest in the world. Its distinctively marked coat features pale yellow to ... | nature_wildlife | 5,182 |
18203 | Lambda calculus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_calculus | In mathematical logic, the lambda calculus (also written as λ-calculus) is a formal system for expressing computation based on function abstraction and application using variable binding and substitution. Untyped lambda calculus, the topic of this article, is a universal machine, a model of computation that can be used... | computer_science | 6,433 |
19588 | Mitochondrion | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrion | A mitochondrion () is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy. They were discovered by Alber... | biology | 9,885 |
19702 | Mutation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation | In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA. Viral genomes contain either DNA or RNA. Mutations result from errors during DNA or viral replication, mitosis, or meiosis or other types of damage to DNA (such as pyrimidine dimers caused ... | biology | 8,954 |
20408 | Marie Curie | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie | Maria Salomea Skłodowska-Curie (; ; 7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934), known as Marie Curie ( ; ), was a Polish and naturalised-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity.
She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person to win a Nobel Prize twice, and the only person t... | biographies | 6,582 |
21473 | Nikola Tesla | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla | Nikola Tesla (10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943) was a Serbian-American engineer, futurist, and inventor. He is known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system.
Born and raised in the Austrian Empire, Tesla first studied engineering and physics in the 1870s withou... | biographies | 9,729 |
21523 | Neural network (machine learning) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_network_(machine_learning) | In machine learning, a neural network or neural net (NN), also called artificial neural network (ANN), is a computational model inspired by the structure and functions of biological neural networks.
A neural network consists of connected units or nodes called artificial neurons, which loosely model the neurons in the ... | computer_science | 8,720 |
24408 | Polar bear | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_bear | The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is a large bear native to the Arctic and nearby areas. It is closely related to the brown bear, and the two species can interbreed. The polar bear is the largest extant species of bear and land carnivore by body mass, with adult males weighing . The species is sexually dimorphic, as adu... | nature_wildlife | 7,895 |
24544 | Photosynthesis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis | upright=1.5|thumb|right|Composite image showing the global distribution of photosynthesis, including both oceanic phytoplankton and terrestrial vegetation. Dark red and blue-green indicate regions of high photosynthetic activity in the ocean and on land, respectively.
Photosynthesis ( ) is a system of biological proce... | biology | 7,434 |
25523 | Richard Feynman | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman | Richard Phillips Feynman (; May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, and in particle physics, for whi... | biographies | 9,515 |
25717 | Regular expression | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression | A regular expression (shortened as regex or regexp), sometimes referred to as a rational expression, is a sequence of characters that specifies a match pattern in text. Usually such patterns are used by string-searching algorithms for "find" or "find and replace" operations on strings, or for input validation. Regular ... | computer_science | 8,791 |
25762 | Russian Revolution | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Revolution | The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social change in Russia, starting in 1917. This period saw Russia abolish its monarchy and adopt a socialist form of government following two successive revolutions and a civil war. It can be seen as the precursor for other revolutions that occurred in the aftermath ... | political_movements | 10,651 |
26088 | Red wolf | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_wolf | The red wolf (Canis rufus) is a canine native to the southeastern United States. Its size is intermediate between the coyote (Canis latrans) and gray wolf (Canis lupus).
The red wolf's taxonomic classification as being a separate species has been contentious for nearly a century, being classified either as a subspecie... | nature_wildlife | 7,923 |
28442 | Sorting algorithm | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm | In computer science, a sorting algorithm is an algorithm that puts elements of a list into an order. The most frequently used orders are numerical order and lexicographical order, and either ascending or descending. Efficient sorting is important for optimizing the efficiency of other algorithms (such as search and mer... | computer_science | 6,261 |
29328 | Six-Day War | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-Day_War | The Six-Day War, also known as the June war, 1967 Arab–Israeli war or third Arab–Israeli war, was fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab states, primarily Egypt, Syria, and Jordan from 5 to 10June 1967.
Military hostilities broke out amid poor relations between Israel and its Arab neighbors, who had been observ... | wars_military | 17,532 |
30075 | Tiger | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger | The tiger (Panthera tigris) is a large cat and a member of the genus Panthera native to Asia. It has a powerful, muscular body with a large head and paws, a long tail and orange fur with black, mostly vertical stripes. It is traditionally classified into nine recent subspecies, though some recognise only two subspecies... | nature_wildlife | 8,539 |
32610 | Vikings | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikings | Vikings were a seafaring people originally from Scandinavia (present-day Denmark, Norway, and Sweden), who from the late 8th to the late 11th centuries raided, pirated, traded, and settled throughout parts of Europe.Roesdahl, pp. 9–22. They voyaged as far as the Mediterranean, North Africa, the Middle East, Greenland, ... | ancient_medieval | 14,662 |
36197 | 1948 Arab–Israeli War | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Arab–Israeli_War | The 1948 Arab–Israeli War, also known as the First Arab–Israeli War, followed the civil war in Mandatory Palestine as the second and final stage of the 1948 Palestine war. The civil war became a war of separate states with the Israeli Declaration of Independence on 14 May 1948, the end of the British Mandate for Palest... | wars_military | 20,238 |
42720 | Second Boer War | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Boer_War | The Second Boer War (, , 11 October 189931 May 1902), also known as the Boer War, Transvaal War, Anglo–Boer War, or South African War, was a conflict fought between the British Empire and the Boer republics (the South African Republic and Orange Free State) over Britain's influence in Southern Africa.
The Witwatersran... | wars_military | 16,358 |
43449 | Ming dynasty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_dynasty | The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Han people, the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in ... | ancient_medieval | 11,961 |
43455 | Tang dynasty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_dynasty | The Tang dynasty (, ; ), or the Tang Empire, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Historians generally regard the Tang as a high point in Chinese civilisation, ... | ancient_medieval | 14,880 |
43460 | Han dynasty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_dynasty | The Han dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and a warring interregnum known as the Chu–Han Contention (206–202 BC), and it was succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (... | ancient_medieval | 11,312 |
43461 | Qin dynasty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_dynasty | The Qin dynasty ( ) was the first imperial dynasty of China. It is named for its progenitor state of Qin, a fief of the confederal Zhou dynasty (–256 BC). Beginning in 230 BC, the Qin under King Ying Zheng engaged in a series of wars conquering each of the rival states that had previously pledged fealty to the Zhou. Th... | ancient_medieval | 5,070 |
43619 | Great white shark | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_white_shark | The great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), also known as the white shark, white pointer, or simply great white, is a species of large mackerel shark which can be found in the coastal surface waters of all the major oceans. It is the only known surviving species of its genus Carcharodon. The great white shark is no... | nature_wildlife | 8,085 |
44303 | Leopard | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopard | The leopard (Panthera pardus) is one of the five extant cat species in the genus Panthera. It has a pale yellowish to dark golden fur with dark spots grouped in rosettes. Its body is slender and muscular, reaching a length of with a long tail and a shoulder height of . Males typically weigh , and females .
The leopa... | nature_wildlife | 4,831 |
45609 | Cheetah | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheetah | The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is a large cat and the fastest land animal. It has a tawny to creamy white or pale buff fur that is marked with evenly spaced, solid black spots. The head is small and rounded, with a short snout and black tear-like facial streaks. It reaches at the shoulder, and the head-and-body length... | nature_wildlife | 11,298 |
49033 | Epigenetics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics | Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression that occur without altering the DNA sequence. The Greek prefix epi- (ἐπι- "over, outside of, around") in epigenetics implies features that are "on top of" or "in addition to" the traditional DNA-sequence-based mechanism of inheritance. Epigenetics usually involve... | biology | 9,614 |
49855 | Umayyad Caliphate | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate | The Umayyad Caliphate or Umayyad Empire (; ) was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty from 661 to 750. It succeeded the Rashidun Caliphate, of which the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan, was also a member of the Umayyad clan. The Umayyad fam... | ancient_medieval | 10,534 |
49856 | Abbasid Caliphate | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate | The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire was the third Islamic caliphate, founded by a descendant of Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566–653 CE), from whom the dynasty derives its name. The preceding Umayyad Caliphate was overthrown by the Abbasid Revolution in 750 CE (132 AH), after which the Abbasids rule... | ancient_medieval | 11,213 |
51054 | American black bear | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_black_bear | The American black bear (Ursus americanus), or simply black bear, is a species of medium-sized bear which is endemic to North America. It is the continent's smallest and most widely distributed bear species. It is an omnivore, with a diet varying greatly depending on season and location. It typically lives in largely f... | nature_wildlife | 8,652 |
56978 | Song dynasty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_dynasty | The Song dynasty ( ) was a unifying imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song, who usurped the throne of the Later Zhou dynasty and went on to conquer the rest of the Ten Kingdoms, ending the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The Song often came into c... | ancient_medieval | 10,098 |
57974 | Battle of Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Britain | The Battle of Britain () was a military campaign of the Second World War, in which the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Fleet Air Arm (FAA) of the Royal Navy defended the United Kingdom against large-scale attacks by Nazi Germany's air force, the Luftwaffe. It was the first major military campaign fought entirely by air f... | wars_military | 20,595 |
60026 | Guadalcanal campaign | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalcanal_campaign | The Guadalcanal campaign, also known as the Battle of Guadalcanal and codenamed Operation Watchtower by the United States, was an Allied offensive against forces of the Empire of Japan in the Solomon Islands during the Pacific Theater of World War II. It was fought between 7 August 1942 and 9 February 1943, and involve... | wars_military | 17,653 |
60520 | Boxer Rebellion | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion | The Boxer Rebellion, also known as the Boxer Uprising, Boxer Movement, or Yihetuan Movement (), was an anti-foreign, anti-imperialist, and anti-Christian uprising in North China between 1899 and 1901, towards the end of the Qing dynasty, by the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists. Its members were known as the "B... | political_movements | 11,723 |
66491 | Socialist realism | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_realism | Socialist realism, also known as socrealism (), was the official cultural doctrine of the Soviet Union that mandated an idealized representation of life under socialism in literature and the visual arts. The doctrine was first proclaimed by the First Congress of Soviet Writers in 1934 as approved as the only acceptable... | arts_entertainment | 8,680 |
69980 | Second Sino-Japanese War | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War | The Second Sino-Japanese War was fought between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan between 1937 and 1945, following a period of war localized to Manchuria that started in 1931. It is considered part of World War II, and often regarded as the beginning of World WarII in Asia. It was the largest Asian war in t... | wars_military | 17,772 |
82991 | Chamber music | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamber_music | Chamber music is a form of classical music that is composed for a small group of instruments—traditionally a group that could fit in a palace chamber or a large room. Most broadly, it includes any art music that is performed by a small number of performers, with one performer to a part (in contrast to orchestral music,... | arts_entertainment | 11,102 |
83620 | Sonata form | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonata_form | The sonata form (also sonata-allegro form or first movement form) is a musical structure generally consisting of three main sections: an exposition, a development, and a recapitulation. It has been used widely since the middle of the 18th century (the early Classical period).
While it is typically used in the first mo... | arts_entertainment | 7,416 |
85248 | Theatre of the absurd | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_of_the_absurd | The theatre of the absurd ( ) is a post–World War II designation for particular plays of absurdist fiction written by a number of primarily European playwrights in the late 1950s. It is also a term for the style of theatre the plays represent. The plays focus largely on ideas of existentialism and express what happens ... | arts_entertainment | 6,141 |
99040 | Free jazz | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_jazz | Free jazz (also known as free form jazz) is a style of avant-garde jazz or an experimental approach to jazz improvisation that developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s, when musicians attempted to change or break down jazz conventions, such as regular tempos, tones, and chord changes. Musicians during this period ... | arts_entertainment | 3,372 |
106128 | First Crusade | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Crusade | The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first and most successful of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, which were initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the Middle Ages. Their aim was to return the Holy Landwhich had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate in the 7th centuryto Christian... | wars_military | 13,361 |
113302 | Surface tension | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_tension | Surface tension is the tendency of liquid surfaces at rest to shrink into the minimum surface area possible. Surface tension is what allows objects with a higher density than water such as razor blades and insects (e.g. water striders) to float on a water surface without becoming even partly submerged.
At liquid–air i... | chemistry | 6,189 |
125297 | Dynamic programming | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_programming | Dynamic programming is both a mathematical optimization method and an algorithmic paradigm. The method was developed by Richard Bellman in the 1950s and has found applications in numerous fields, such as aerospace engineering and economics.
In both contexts it refers to simplifying a complicated problem by breaking it... | computer_science | 6,252 |
140416 | United States Agency for International Development | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development | The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is a de jure agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government. USAID was the world's largest foreign aid agency, but it received major cutbacks in 2025, with its remaining functions being transferred to the United States Department of ... | politics_government | 12,840 |
143115 | Astrophotography | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophotography | Astrophotography, also known as astronomical imaging, is the photography or imaging of astronomical objects, celestial events, or areas of the night sky. The first photograph of an astronomical object (the Moon) was taken in 1839, but it was not until the late 19th century that advances in technology allowed for detail... | arts_entertainment | 4,179 |
143284 | Restoration comedy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restoration_comedy | Restoration comedy is English comedy written and performed in the Restoration period of 1660–1710. Comedy of manners is used as a synonym for this.George Henry Nettleton, Arthur British dramatists from Dryden to Sheridan p. 149. After public stage performances were banned for 18 years by the Puritan regime, reopening o... | arts_entertainment | 4,277 |
143533 | Green fluorescent protein | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_fluorescent_protein | The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein that exhibits green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range. The label GFP traditionally refers to the protein first isolated from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria and is sometimes called avGFP. However, GFPs have been found in other organisms... | chemistry | 4,442 |
144732 | Secession | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secession | Secession (from ) is a term and concept of the formal withdrawal of a group from a political entity.
In international law, secession is understood as a process in which an integral part of a state's territory unilaterally withdraws without the consent of the original state.
The process begins once a group proclaims a... | politics_government | 8,687 |
145401 | Mexican Revolution | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_Revolution | The Mexican Revolution () was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from 20 November 1910 to 1 December 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history".Joseph, Gilbert and Jürgen Buchenau (2013). Mexico's Once and Future Revolution. Durham: Duke University Press, 1 It saw th... | politics_government | 23,935 |
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