| # co |
|
|
| [![Gitter][gitter-image]][gitter-url] |
| [![NPM version][npm-image]][npm-url] |
| [![Build status][travis-image]][travis-url] |
| [![Test coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url] |
| [![Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url] |
|
|
| Generator based control flow goodness for nodejs and the browser, |
| using promises, letting you write non-blocking code in a nice-ish way. |
|
|
| ## Co v4 |
|
|
| `co@4.0.0` has been released, which now relies on promises. |
| It is a stepping stone towards [ES7 async/await](https://github.com/lukehoban/ecmascript-asyncawait). |
| The primary API change is how `co()` is invoked. |
| Before, `co` returned a "thunk", which you then called with a callback and optional arguments. |
| Now, `co()` returns a promise. |
|
|
| ```js |
| co(function* () { |
| var result = yield Promise.resolve(true); |
| return result; |
| }).then(function (value) { |
| console.log(value); |
| }, function (err) { |
| console.error(err.stack); |
| }); |
| ``` |
|
|
| If you want to convert a `co`-generator-function into a regular function that returns a promise, |
| you now use `co.wrap(fn*)`. |
|
|
| ```js |
| var fn = co.wrap(function* (val) { |
| return yield Promise.resolve(val); |
| }); |
| |
| fn(true).then(function (val) { |
| |
| }); |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## Platform Compatibility |
|
|
| `co@4+` requires a `Promise` implementation. |
| For versions of node `< 0.11` and for many older browsers, |
| you should/must include your own `Promise` polyfill. |
|
|
| When using node 0.11.x or greater, you must use the `--harmony-generators` |
| flag or just `--harmony` to get access to generators. |
|
|
| When using node 0.10.x and lower or browsers without generator support, |
| you must use [gnode](https://github.com/TooTallNate/gnode) and/or [regenerator](http://facebook.github.io/regenerator/). |
|
|
| io.js is supported out of the box, you can use `co` without flags or polyfills. |
|
|
| ## Installation |
|
|
| ``` |
| $ npm install co |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## Associated libraries |
|
|
| Any library that returns promises work well with `co`. |
|
|
| - [mz](https://github.com/normalize/mz) - wrap all of node's code libraries as promises. |
|
|
| View the [wiki](https://github.com/visionmedia/co/wiki) for more libraries. |
|
|
| ## Examples |
|
|
| ```js |
| var co = require('co'); |
| |
| co(function *(){ |
| // yield any promise |
| var result = yield Promise.resolve(true); |
| }).catch(onerror); |
| |
| co(function *(){ |
| // resolve multiple promises in parallel |
| var a = Promise.resolve(1); |
| var b = Promise.resolve(2); |
| var c = Promise.resolve(3); |
| var res = yield [a, b, c]; |
| console.log(res); |
| // => [1, 2, 3] |
| }).catch(onerror); |
| |
| // errors can be try/catched |
| co(function *(){ |
| try { |
| yield Promise.reject(new Error('boom')); |
| } catch (err) { |
| console.error(err.message); // "boom" |
| } |
| }).catch(onerror); |
| |
| function onerror(err) { |
| // log any uncaught errors |
| // co will not throw any errors you do not handle!!! |
| // HANDLE ALL YOUR ERRORS!!! |
| console.error(err.stack); |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## Yieldables |
|
|
| The `yieldable` objects currently supported are: |
|
|
| - promises |
| - thunks (functions) |
| - array (parallel execution) |
| - objects (parallel execution) |
| - generators (delegation) |
| - generator functions (delegation) |
|
|
| Nested `yieldable` objects are supported, meaning you can nest |
| promises within objects within arrays, and so on! |
|
|
| ### Promises |
|
|
| [Read more on promises!](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise) |
|
|
| ### Thunks |
|
|
| Thunks are functions that only have a single argument, a callback. |
| Thunk support only remains for backwards compatibility and may |
| be removed in future versions of `co`. |
|
|
| ### Arrays |
|
|
| `yield`ing an array will resolve all the `yieldables` in parallel. |
|
|
| ```js |
| co(function* () { |
| var res = yield [ |
| Promise.resolve(1), |
| Promise.resolve(2), |
| Promise.resolve(3), |
| ]; |
| console.log(res); // => [1, 2, 3] |
| }).catch(onerror); |
| ``` |
|
|
| ### Objects |
|
|
| Just like arrays, objects resolve all `yieldable`s in parallel. |
|
|
| ```js |
| co(function* () { |
| var res = yield { |
| 1: Promise.resolve(1), |
| 2: Promise.resolve(2), |
| }; |
| console.log(res); // => { 1: 1, 2: 2 } |
| }).catch(onerror); |
| ``` |
|
|
| ### Generators and Generator Functions |
|
|
| Any generator or generator function you can pass into `co` |
| can be yielded as well. This should generally be avoided |
| as we should be moving towards spec-compliant `Promise`s instead. |
|
|
| ## API |
|
|
| ### co(fn*).then( val => ) |
| |
| Returns a promise that resolves a generator, generator function, |
| or any function that returns a generator. |
| |
| ```js |
| co(function* () { |
| return yield Promise.resolve(true); |
| }).then(function (val) { |
| console.log(val); |
| }, function (err) { |
| console.error(err.stack); |
| }); |
| ``` |
| |
| ### var fn = co.wrap(fn*) |
| |
| Convert a generator into a regular function that returns a `Promise`. |
| |
| ```js |
| var fn = co.wrap(function* (val) { |
| return yield Promise.resolve(val); |
| }); |
|
|
| fn(true).then(function (val) { |
|
|
| }); |
| ``` |
| |
| ## License |
| |
| MIT |
| |
| [npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/co.svg?style=flat-square |
| [npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/co |
| [travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/tj/co.svg?style=flat-square |
| [travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/tj/co |
| [coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/tj/co.svg?style=flat-square |
| [coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/tj/co |
| [downloads-image]: http://img.shields.io/npm/dm/co.svg?style=flat-square |
| [downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/co |
| [gitter-image]: https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg |
| [gitter-url]: https://gitter.im/tj/co?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge |
| |