category stringclasses 9
values | question stringlengths 19 295 | prompt listlengths 1 1 | ground_truth stringlengths 154 8.31k |
|---|---|---|---|
Mathematics | Why are some shapes named based on number of angles and others number of sides? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > Why are some shapes named based on number of angles and others number of sides? They aren't. They're all named based on the number of angles. The "gon" in "pentagon" comes from the Latin "gonia", which means "angle". Triangle and rectangle are from Old French rather than Latin, hence the use of "angulus" instead of "... |
Physics | How come in the course of an hour at the beach, waves can go from huge and consistent, to few and calm, when neither the wind, temperature, or seafloor has changed in that period of time? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > when neither the wind, temperature, or seafloor has changed in that period of time? You sure about that? The waves near the shore can be influenced by wind and temperatures mile out to sea. A slight change 20 miles away means the difference between you waves hitting or missing a reef. And while the sea floor doesn't ... |
Biology | What causes chills down your spine? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I'm gonna go with the assumption that you are talking of positive valence chills (frisson, a pleasurable feeling). This has been shown in connection with the dopaminergic, or pleasure/reward system. The theory, because that is what it is so far, is that some of these parts sends a signal to the sympathetic nervous syst... |
Physics | How does tennis racket theorem (dzhanibekov effect) work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are two important conservation laws which describe the movement of a rigid free-falling, spinning object. One is the conservation of angular momentum, and one is the conservation of kinetic energy. The key to all this is to understand that for every axis an object can spin around with (for instance) 1J of energy,... |
Psychology | why is social isolation bad for your health? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It is a “psychological need” We evolved as social bonding mammals. It’s how we know to feel safe and secure. If the tribe stopped liking you, ostracized you, you’d die. As such, our brains evolved to notice our social standing. Whether people like us and care about us. It was crucial for our survival. Your brain is wry... |
Economics | How does government trade work? Like, for example, the US gives France $1 billion USD, are they actually given the money, or is it all similar to credit? How do they spend the money? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If it’s just cash, like something like foreign military sales (say buying a plane), it’s quite simple. Let’s say the US is buying a plane from France. The US Treasury will have a bank account and simply wire transfer the money to whatever account France tells them too (generally a government account). Yes they have ban... |
Technology | Why do some programs & games open quicker when you recently closed them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Operation system caches some data. It makes an assumption that if program was recently used or is used regularly, then it makes it more probable that they will be run again in the nearest future. So it has some files relevant to this program easily available, which allows to omit some operations usually performed at th... |
Biology | What do we actually see/don't see and why can't we see all the colors? How can a modern camera be/see better than the eye and is that even true? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Light is a form of EM radiation. EM radiation is a continuous spectrum which is extremely broad. At the bottom end of the spectrum is things like radio and microwaves, then infrared, then there's the narrow section of the spectrum we can see, then UV, X-rays, and finally gamma radiation. These divisions aren't abrupt, ... |
Other | Why is the general noise one makes when unsure of what to say some variation of "uhhh" or "ummmm"? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is because they don't want to leave a space,so they say a word. They have heard other people say uh, so that's what they say. There is no general noise, and other languages do say different things. For example, this wikipedia page has a list of language fillers: URL_0 We don't know the roots since we don't use it ... |
Biology | Why do we see weird colors and patterns when we put pressure on our eyes? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This phenomenon is called [Phosphene]( URL_0 ). Essentially, part of your eye detects light by absorbing it, which stimulates the production of a chemical. This chemical then travels to another detector which, when there is enough chemical there will produce a signal to the brain indicating that there was a flash of li... |
Biology | Considering the amount of crap we cram into our bodies, why is urine commonly shades of yellow to brown and not purple or green? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There's a few reasons. 1) artificial dies and food colorings can't always survive the digestive tract intact, so they break down into their constituent parts, which aren't always as vibrantly colored. 2) The digestive tract may not pass the dyes into the bloodstream, so the kidneys may never have the opportunity to fil... |
Biology | how come we can hold in our urine while sleeping for many hours (6+) every night and not get a bladder infection, but risk an infection if holding it in too long while awake? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Holding urine does not actually cause UTIs. UTIs happen when bacteria start multiplying in the urinary tract. Urinating flushes everything including bacteria and so helps reduce the chance that bacteria entering through the urethra will reach the bladder and multiply. This is also why women are more prone to UTIs (shor... |
Biology | why do some people get more addicted than other people? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are many reasons and no one is 100% sure. In terms of biology, the two main reasons are low D2 (dopamine) receptors so they have to do the thing more to get the same kick (ie, smoke more). The other is how quickly they can metabolise the drug. For example, the enzyme CYP2A6 metabolises nicotine so if the enzyme i... |
Technology | What exactly is stopping me from making 20 email accounts and referring all of them using paid survey sites/apps to get loads of points? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Nothing. Typically those sites/apps have some requirements meant to curb it and make inconvenient though. Such as minimums balance for payout, spend a certain amount, or wait an amount of time. Additionally, many of those sites pay terribly, you're better off just doing an actual job than trying to get points. So, in s... |
Physics | When you're looking in a mirror, why are left and right switched, but up and down aren't? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your dad is trolling you. The mirror doesn't reverse you or flip you, it is the reflection of you. If you painted yourself blue and walked into a white wall, the paint impression you leave doesn'tsuddenly flip or reverse. The paint from your right arm is on the right side of the wall. The paint from your left arm is on... |
Technology | why does youtube load videos faster than other streaming platforms? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | UNLIMITED POWER!!! Or something like it. First we need to understand what their service is. You chose a video, send a request for watching that video. The server then send you the first X seconds of the videos. After Y seconds of watching (Y being shorter than X), you ask the server to send you the next X seconds of vi... |
Technology | why does notepad on windows save files with an asterisk? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The asterisk means: "Replace with your own text." Notepad is one of the simplest applications you can get, and is mainly included as the default application for things like viewing readme files, not much more than that. When you save a file in Windows, and you choose a format from the drop-down list, it gives you not j... |
Biology | Why do some of us (such as yours truly) feel so absolutely murderous when we hear a crying baby? Shouldn't humans be biologically wired to care about our young? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I think the reason why so many people get frustrated is because you see the crying baby as an encroachment into your own space. You see the baby as extremely annoying, especially if it interrupts your dinner or flight or trip to the mall. For a lot of parents, it's easier to tune out or tolerate your own kid's cry. It'... |
Economics | How does "Big Pharma" drive up the cost of healthcare in the U.S. and what portion of our healthcare spending can be attributed to it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The US drug buyer funds a healthy portion of global drug development, because most other nations set a single buyer that negotiates much lower prices (or foregoes purchasing) branded drugs. This is a pretty explicit policy decision (it also means that the US captures the majority of private drug development spending) a... |
Physics | Why does being in hot water feel so much better, than being in hot air? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are two parts to this. One is that when you're in hot/warm water you typically aren't fully submerged but rather sitting or otherwise relaxing in it. This means that part of you is in the warm water and part is in the cold air, which both allows your body to regulate temperature more easily and makes the water ap... |
Technology | How come during the 1950's, they were called 'Atomic' bombs, but were then called 'Nuclear' at the start of the Cold War? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They're all colloquial. "Atomic bomb" has historically referred to gun-type and implosion-type fission weapons first developed by the allies in the mid 1940s. In 1952, the United States introduced a new weapon which added a fusion reaction to the fission reaction in order to greatly improve energy output. These new wea... |
Economics | What would happen to a lawyer if they defended somebody that they knew was guilty of the crime? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They'd have done their job. That is what they are *supposed* to do. They're not allowed to lie in court of course, but they can absolutely defend their client even though the client is actually guilty. They can present mitigating circumstances, they can argue for acquittal due to various technicalities (if the prosecut... |
Chemistry | How does a nuclear power plant generate electricity? Where does the radiation come from when there are failures? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A nuclear reactor uses a chunk of stuff that wants to explode. They jam pencils through it to stop it from exploding. It still gets super hot (but not not enough to melt the pencil lead), and they use that heat to make steam. They use the steam to spin big motors that make electricity. |
Technology | How does a vinyl wrap (e.g. for a car) wrap around the curves of the car so seamlessly without folding over itself? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When they make the wrap it gets cut and scored so that it doesn't kink when it gets applied. Its also fairly stretchy so as they apply it they can stretch it to prevent bubbles and kinks. As they apply it they keep the sticky side wet so that it only actually sticks after they squeeze all the water out from under it an... |
Mathematics | How does using a Logarithmic scale work for representing something physical? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Linear scales only work when the behavior is linear. Logarithmic scales are great for representing anything that follows any power law (square, cubic, etc) or if it is exponential growth or decay. Power laws show up as straight lines on a log-log plot. Exponential growth/decay shows up as a straight line on a log-linea... |
Physics | How can we be 100% sure that our physical laws are universal? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Scientists try not to say that our current models are 100% sure. There's always room to learn something surprising! But we can be extremely confident after lots of investigation. Physical laws appear to be universal if they apply in every case we can find, and if they make predictions that we can then test and that so ... |
Other | What is this text, and why does it exist, and how does it work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's often known as "zalgo" text. It's just an abuse of [Unicode]( URL_1 ) - the way we represent language on computers. Back in the day, everything was super simple. We just had [ASCII]( URL_0 ) - there were 128 (or 256) different values that could be letters and that was it. It's basically a way of mapping numbers to... |
Technology | Why is 5G exceptionally faster than 4G/3G ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It isn't. If you go to 5G and have much better speeds, then that's only because you were getting slower 4G than you could have been. 4G networks can, in ideal situations, deliver speeds up to about half a gigabit. You probably don't get anywhere near that! I know I don't. The main reason that 5G looks so much faster th... |
Biology | why some people can stand colder or hotter temperature better than others? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are two main reasons for this. One is physical, and one is mental. For both however, you need to understand a concept called *homeostasis*. Our body is a massively complex biological system, constantly changing, never *really* at 'rest'. Blood is pumping, nutrients are delivered and processed like amazon on black... |
Biology | ?If jelly fish can't die of old age and reproduce why haven't just taken everything over | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They may not die of old age, but they still die (being eaten by predators, for example). Their population growth is also limited by the resources in their environment—they still need to eat and they’ll starve to death if there isn’t enough food to go around. As long as the rate of jellyfish surviving to maturity is rou... |
Earth Science | Why do images of earth from space not contain satellites and other space junk? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I think you're really underestimating how big Earth and the space around it are, and how small those things are in comparison. Also for image satellites it might be more desirable to pick a lower orbit, where there's less of this stuff in the way. On the off chance that something *is* in the way, they might discard the... |
Biology | Why does mixing alcohol get you drunker than drinking the same amount of one alcohol? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It doesn't. It makes it harder to keep count though. Knowing i had seven beers sounds a bit higher than the cat that had three whiskey cokes, four beers, and a handful of shots. Kinda like counting calories. It's easy to lose track and consume way more than expected if you sneak a couple chips in here or a pop there. |
Biology | Why do humans laugh? Do other animals laugh? And why do we all have different laughs? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Humans laugh because we are very very social animals. And before language was developed, humans and our ancestors still needed ways to “communicate” socially. Besides your grunts, roars, shouts, fights, and social hierarchies, laughing was another way of non verbal communication. Laughter naturally builds bonds between... |
Chemistry | what makes gallium a liquid but not aluminum or some element close to it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Gallium isn't a liquid below 30 C or so, so that's something to keep in mind. It has a very low melting point due to the configuration of the lattice structures it forms when in a pure form, which is very difficult to obtain as it's rather unique properties mean that it tends to bond with and attack other metals very e... |
Economics | how does homelessness cost cities money? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They have a tendency to make public disturbances which have to be broken up by law enforcement. They defecate and urinate in the streets and alleys requiring them to be cleaned. They utilize publicly funded homeless shelters and soup kitchens. If the homeless are not there these things are not needed. They utilize emer... |
Biology | Why does the brain feed you random old things (a jingle from a commercial you saw in the 90s or a song from School House Rock) when you're not actively thinking or trying to fall asleep? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Not an expert: your brain likes to make connections between similar things for easier recollection, so that for example the thought process between pineapple - > Pina Colada - > Hawaiian Pizza isn't too difficult. When you're falling asleep your brain isn't completely inactive, especially if you're doing something ment... |
Earth Science | How do we know that an asteroid killed the dinosaurs? Why is there no crater if the asteroid was so big? And how do we know what exactly happened if it was millions of years ago? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because there is a crater and we have found it: URL_0 As to whether it killed the dinosaurs; there's no definitive proof but the dating seems to line up and an impact that size would cause the kind of extinction-event level climate changes that probably killed off the larger non-avian dinosaurs |
Biology | Were Mitrochondrial Adam and Eve actually two real people? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The further back you go the more trivial it is for someone to have been related to all of modern humans. Not least because having 1 child can mean hundreds of thousands of descendants but also because it appears that there are periodically filters that cause the genetic lineage to shrink. It's not hard to think that th... |
Biology | How does washing your hands with soap and water remove germs? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Oil, dirt, and bacteria bind to soap, and the water rinses them off. It doesn't kill the bacteria unless it has some antibacterial properties added to it. "The soap molecule has two different ends, one that is hydrophilic (polar head) that binds with water and the other that is hydrophobic (non-polar hydrocarbon tail) ... |
Chemistry | How are you able to keep bandages/dressings on post surgery for an extended amount of time before it can be washed/changed without getting an infection? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Right now that bandage is a shield. It’s acting like your skin in the sense that it’s keeping all the gross things outside. Medical bandages are woven tighter, and have a denser glue that holds it together. This prevents dirt and bacteria from being absorbed. They’ll also usually have a layer of antibiotics underneath,... |
Other | Why would Homo sapiens ever migrate north into colder climate? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Well, back when we were migratory creatures, we wouldn't. Head north during the warner months and south fir the cooler months. But once we decided that settling down was better. The amount of fertile land and other natural resources was tempting enough for the settlers to brave a few cold months. |
Chemistry | Why is it that some materials, like ice and metal, melt but others, like wood and coal, burn? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | burning requires combustion. something reacting with an oxidant typically we think of carbon and oxygen. You can melt wood, but it requires specific conditions. water and metal do not combust with oxygen (or rather, water has already combusted when hydrogen and oxygen burned) so they are already relatively stable in a ... |
Economics | Why do undocumented immigrants returning to Mexico drive down wages there, but proponents of relaxed immigration say they don't do the same here? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Essentially, they're saying that competition for wages in *Mexico* will increase because of the influx of skilled workers. That is, the people gained skill in the US, and are now returning to Mexico as skilled workers--which (ironically enough) ends up meaning they're taking Mexican jobs away from Mexicans who have bee... |
Chemistry | How do you make beers/lagers alcohol-free? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Most non-alcoholic beers are made by taking the normal beer from the brewing process and removing alcohol before carbonation and packaging. There are two methods for this: the easiest is to boil off as much alcohol as possible by heating the fermented beer for an extended period of time, then replacing the lost volume ... |
Biology | When does our brain choose our dominant hand? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It’s not entirely clear exactly what causes someone to be left or right handed, but it’s probably genetic. So it’s not really your brain choosing, it’s just how the chips fall when you’re conceived. The current theory is that basically the left side of your brain handles language and also controls the right arm. So as ... |
Other | Why has Einstein been considered one of the greatest geniuses of our time? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They wanted to study his brain because his ideas were so different and he made so many discoveries. There were some differences in his brain compared to a regular one, like having more glial cells. I would argue that there have been a few people who have been idolized as geniuses after Einstein though, like Stephen Haw... |
Biology | How do those needles the size of cells work? How they are made and how can you get so precise with them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I've worked on a few techniques that involve single cell injection or attachment (e.g., patch clamping). /u/Matrozi was exactly correct with the technique of making the glass tubes. This is probably the hardest part. New people would be lucky to get a single tube on their first day. We could measure the diameter of the... |
Physics | Do throwing knives always hit blade first? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are a couple of factors. Mainly the distance between you and the target. Professionals have practiced enough so that they can judge weather to throw the knife by the hilt or tip of the blade as that halve revolution could mean the difference between the blade hitting or not. Another factor is how hard you arebthr... |
Physics | Why does room temperature water feel freezing but a room temperature room feel warm? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When you feel hot or cold you're feeling changes in how fast your body is shedding thermal energy or absorbing it once you get over body temp. Water, partially due to its nature and partially due to just having a lot more mass in contact with you thanks to its density, can absorb MUCH more heat than air in the same amo... |
Mathematics | How can the sum of all natural numbers be negative? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's not really, but it comes from a certain natural way of assigning values to infinite sums. For example, it is certainly true that 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 + ... = 1. It's also the case that 1 + 1/3 + 1/9 + 1/27 + 1/81 + ... = 3/2, and that 9/10 + 9/100 + 9/1000 + ... = 1. Rather than dealing with each of these infini... |
Earth Science | How does a person survive a lightening strike? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Direct lightning strikes are quite rare--usually what happens is that the lightning strikes the ground and the electricity travels along the ground and zaps anyone close by. Or the lightning strikes a tall object, say a tree, and an arc of electricity strikes a person standing beside the tree. The energy of the strike ... |
Physics | Why do vocal harmonies of older songs sound have that rich, "airy" quality that doesn't seem to appear in modern music? (Crosby Stills and Nash, Simon and Garfunkel, et Al) | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I see a lot of good info, but I didnt see anyone talk about this. When people sing in the same room the vibrations of their voices actually affect each other. When perfect harmonies are sung there are natural overtones created by the stacking of the sound waves. When voices are autotuned or electronically harmonized yo... |
Biology | Psychologically, how do the camera angles in porn arouse you? (Potentially NSFW) | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Possible TMI, bear with me. POV porn does nothing at all for me. I don't enjoy pretending I'm having sex with the actress, I enjoy watching two people have sex. I also like to see her whole body, not a closeup of genital etc. There's probably some deep seeded psychological issue at play here, but I just know what I lik... |
Chemistry | How do pencil erasers work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Pencil erasers work as a very mild abrasive. They used to contain cornstarch, which is abrasive, but not more than paper. They also contain rubber and oil. When you rub the eraser over the pencilmarks, the eraser essentially sands off the layer of graphite, the rubber also gently rubs off and with it, the graphite is c... |
Physics | Why do bubbles sometimes fuse? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Any fluid has a "surface tension", which among other things, determines how much it "shrivels" depending on its surroundings (in this case, air). The reason why water will form into a drop, for example, is that it wants to reduce its surface tension because physics ; i.e. because we don't want any unnecessary stress an... |
Economics | What results has the Panama Papers leaks had? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Not much. Most of Mossack Fonseca's clients were Western Europeans and most of the companies that Mossack Fonseca created were legitimate entities that were being used to carry out investment activities or purchase property in the third world. A small subset of the companies were being used for tax evasion or money lau... |
Other | Why are the worst positions for your joints/muscles the most comfortable? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | /u/Gonzotronic has it right. It comes down to energy and efficiency. Using our muscles takes energy and work. If we're in a position where muscles aren't working, less energy is being used. Slouching is the best example. You're essentially just relaxing the muscles of your spine and trunk until most of the weight/press... |
Physics | Why does light go in one continuous direction? Why can't it stop, go left, right, or backwards? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Technically, light is a wave, so it does go left and right. But more to the point, that would require an outside force, like a mirror. Nothing ever goes left and right when in motion. Imagine throwing a ball. Or anything really. It goes in one direction. Newtons's laws of motion. |
Biology | How do our eyes "get used to the dark"? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your pupil dilates, meaning it enlarges and allows more light to enter. It can take a few minutes, but once more light is allowed to enter, you're able to see more. If you shine a bright light on someone's eye, you'll see the pupil quickly shrink. Fun fact, pirates wore an eye patch because it meant when they went from... |
Biology | The difference between eating 1500 calories without exercise vs eating 1800 calories and burning 300 calories with exercise for a man with a BMR of 1800? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You build muscle and stimulate fat loss with exercise and burning calories. You can still lose weight by eating less, but if you also exercise you lower your risk for a lot of diseases related to your heart. Just my best guess honestly, I am not an expert on this at all. |
Other | if, for example, a Greek man is taught English by an English speaking person with no speech deficiencies, why does the pronunciation come out different? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Language is a physical skill as much as a mental one. Each language has a specific set of sounds or "phonemes" that when strung together make words. Each of those phonemes correspond to a different mouth and throat shape. Unfortunately for us, not every language shares the same set of phonemes. So each new language a h... |
Chemistry | Why is it that when you hit the mouth of a beer bottle from above with another bottle it foams up like crazy? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When you knock the bottle it sends a shock down through the glass. When it hits the bottom it rebounds up through the beer, forcing gas out of solution. The gas wants to leave the bottle, the beer wants to hold on to it, so the gas forces a bunch of beer out. [This]( URL_0 ) is a better explanation but is a little more... |
Other | How did people 100s of years ago know the shape of countries? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Generally sight lines between boundary markers. Essentially most territories would use natural features (rivers, mountains, etc) to delineate the edges, but if those weren't available, it was common to set up your own markers. Large piles of stone, wooden construction and the like. When then drawing a map, it was best ... |
Chemistry | Why is heat bad for batteries? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This happens due to a variety of factors and depends heavily on the cell chemistry. One prominent factor is the increased rate of side reactions at high temperatures that lead to loss of conducting ions. There’s also a contribution of accelerated degradation of the material structure if exposed to higher temperatures f... |
Economics | Why is inflation necessary in an economy, and why is it hard to revert it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Small amounts of inflation encourages economic activity. If you know that the dollar you have now will buy less in the future, you are incentivized to spend your money now instead of holding on to it. An ideal scenario economically would be approximately zero inflation, because it is good to save money and spend money.... |
Chemistry | Glass is not biodegradable, and will perhaps take even longer to decompose than plastic. Why isn't it made out to be as big of an issue as plastic? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I believe that the answer lies in the fact that, if you crush up glass to extremely fine fragments, it is essentially sand. Plastic, as it breaks down, continues to float, pollute, and also mimics small water-borne organisms that larger organisms feed upon. Broken glass (sand) sinks, and essentially returns to the life... |
Chemistry | On a molecular level, what causes metal to bend permanently? Explain what causes the flexing to fail and something to finally bend. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Metal atoms arrange themselves into crystalline cubes or rectangles or hexagons. Then they stack those crystals to make larger “grains” of huge numbers of atoms all arranged in the same way. When you bend metal slightly and it rebounds, those crystals and grains are flexing but the atoms are not changing positions. Thi... |
Chemistry | Will water freeze if it is unable to expand? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yes. However, such a system would be under incredible amounts of pressure. For example, frozen water stuck in a pipe can crack the pipe. Also, under extreme pressures, new crystalline structures form, giving rise to different types of ice. For example, Titan is theorized to have Ice VII, which only forms at 100000 atm ... |
Physics | Why do sounds seem louder in the cold weather rather than warm weather? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Sound is a mechanical wave which means it needs a medium to propagate. What this basically means is that sound will travel with a different speed in solids, liquids and gases so we can say that the speed of sound depends on the density of the medium. & #x200B; The density of air is a bit higher in a colder weather comp... |
Technology | When you delete something off of a phone or camera, where does it go? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Nowhere. The data is still there. Your storage medium, be it a disk drive or flash memory, uses some storage space to keep a database of where your files are, physically, on the medium, as well as other meta-data. When you delete something, the minimum number of entries in these tables are overwritten. Typically this i... |
Technology | Can anyone simplify parity and/or error checking in data storage context? I simply can't grasp how a parity stripe in RAID 5, for example, can rebuild missing data, but isn't actually a copy of the data. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | 2 + 5 = 7 Stripe 1 contains: 2 Stripe 2 contains: 5 Stripe 3 contains: 7 (or, the **parity** stripe) "Oh no!! Stripe 2 went missing!!" 2 + X = 7 Solve for X 7 - 2 = **5** Ta-da, parity Now, the striping is distributed across all drives in the RAID array, which is nice, because any drive can go down. There is no dedicat... |
Psychology | what is the science behind weighted blankets and how do they reduce anxiety? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Part of it has to do with our sensory system (hearing, seeing, smelling, and feeling) our bodies are constantly getting input from those senses. For each of our senses there are inputs that make them excited or calmed. For our sense of feeling, deep pressure and compression are calming inputs while light touch can be e... |
Biology | How does an Epipen work to help severe allergies and why don’t we use it for moderate/mild allergies? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | An epipen contains epinephrine, commonly known as adrenaline, one of the main hormones released by the body when PANICKING OMG THERE'S A LION. It's great for doing things like restarting your heart, lifting a car off your child, or removing blood flow from parts of your nose and throat that might be blocked by an aller... |
Other | Why are conversations in series and movies in a foreign language relatively easy to understand while song lyrics in that same language are so hard to understand? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Even songs in a person's native language are sometimes hard to understand. A big part of this is that the words don't have the normal emphasis and sound pattern, and grammar can be all over the place. I am teaching English in a non-english country, and I rely a lot on the cadence and context to understand what others a... |
Technology | Why do records sound better than digital? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > I’ve always heard people say that they provide higher fidelity audio quality That is actually false. Digital can provide higher fidelity than vinyl. People will say that vinyl can "exactly reproduce" the sound wave and digital is necessarily "choppy," but neither one of those statements is true. Any analog recording ... |
Technology | Why is it not recommended to have 2 antivirus programs running at the same time? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Antivirus 1 checks something. Antivirus 2 sees Antivirus 1 is doing something and checks it. Antivirus 1 sees Antivirus 2 is doing something and checks it. Repeat. Both Antivirus 1 and 2 are involving some serious security critical things, so they both read it as something that really needs to be checked. |
Chemistry | How do light bulbs go out? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If you mean "burn out": the tungsten filament inside a bulb is relatively fragile. When you turn the bulb on and off the filament heats up then cools down. Each heat/cooling cycle will put stresses on the material and over time it will develop weak spots until the material just "breaks" in a spot. Bulbs that turn on/of... |
Economics | Who in Luxury branded clothing companies determine the price of their items? And what is the process like? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Depends on the company. If it's very small - just a few people - then it's just an executive decision by whoever is running things. But in large companies, pricing is approached as its own discipline. Studies are done to analyze how people will respond to various price points; get your product in front of 1,000 people ... |
Physics | How is the distance from Earth to the sun measured if the sun is a ball of gas without a definable surface? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Put your thumb between your eyes and your screen. Close one eye and then switch to the other eye, you will see your thumb covering different area of your screen like it shift slightly. What is happening is that your 2 eyes are not at the same place, so the angle at which you see your thumb and screen change. We can mea... |
Technology | If spiders' webs are the strongest fiber in the world. Why are not used as a material to build or create artifacts? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It is really stretchy, like insanely stretchy, it may stop a bullet, but it will be behind you after passing through you. Spider silk is an amazing material, but it is insanely hard to get hold of, it took four years to get enough for a cloth smaller than a single sheet in 2009. Currently we cannot synthesise it very w... |
Technology | Why do mobile games suck, even though phones are more powerful than good handheld gaming systems like Gameboy? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This might be a snarky response but: have you purchased any 30-40$ mobile games? If you can play a game for free, what you are playing is what someone could create on a fairly small budget, in a fairly small studio, and then sell to investors in order to produce. Most of these games are riddled with ads and microtransa... |
Psychology | Why do some tasks become more difficult to do when you think about it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because it really is "auto-pilot". You've learned, probably through repetition, how to do something well enough that your consciousness isn't involved in the process anymore. When you focus on this process you get in the way of automation, like you're stopping someone going through a checklist to bother them about the ... |
Biology | Why does 2008 still feel like a couple of years ago? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Probably because with each year that goes by, you have a longer frame of reference to what time feels like? I don't think I phrased that well, but what I mean is that if you are 5, one year is 20% of your entire existence. If you are 50, one year is 2% of your life. So, to get the same feeling of "long ago", it takes m... |
Other | What does Platonism and nominalism mean without using words like abstract? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Platonism states that somewhere in reality there is such a thing as "the ideal" version of every concept. There is an ideal tree, which all trees emulate. There is a perfect sphere, which all dpheres strive to be. There is a "red" tht all reds imitate. Nomalism states the opposite. There is no "tree", it is just a name... |
Physics | How can we see Venus on the night sky ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Venus is always closer to the Sun that Earth is, but Venus is not always in between the Earth and the Sun. If Venus is directly in between or directly behind the Sun, you cannot see it, but if Venus is on the side (in its orbital position), then you will have a great view of Venus during dawn and dusk. Here is a [diagr... |
Biology | How do you keep the blood flowing in a heart transplant surgery? And how do you make the new heart start beating again? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A bypass machine and ventilator. Along with a crap ton of blood products. And your body is packed in ice to reduce body temp so everything slows down and gives them more time. To restart you get a zap directly to the heart, and a pacemaker. Source: had heart valve replaced was "dead" for 18 min and had my blood volume ... |
Earth Science | Why does Russia own a random chunk out of Lithuania and Poland? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If you're talking about Kaliningrad, that was a part of Prussia and then later a part of Germany that the Soviet Union claimed during its offensive westward against Germany. After the war, there was a conference on the fate of Germany and how certain territories should be split up, and the Allies agreed that the USSR c... |
Chemistry | If you have a pile of mulch/woodchips/etc and leave it long enough it can start to smoke. How? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A large enough pile will be generating heat all through it, and the stuff in the middle has nowhere for the heat to go, so it builds up. Eventually, you'll hit the smoke point for something in the pile (the wood, the resins in the sap, small children, you know) and voila! Smoke! |
Economics | Why will it take the economy years to bounce back? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | For a few reasons. We were due a decline regardless as there are structual problems with how we have been handeling money over the last decade or so. This will take a long time to resove and remedy will take longer. Similarly if Covid disappeared overnight, all the people who lost jobs must find new ones and that takes... |
Economics | What is the .com bubble? And why did it burst? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The Internet rapidly became widely adopted around the world and many people saw endless business opportunities. Setting up a new business was now relatively cheap and easy and you could have a global customer base right from the start. A lot of money was invested in various new companies. People wanted to put a lot of ... |
Physics | Why dont all planets rotate backwards? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You're forgetting about why the objects are accreting in the first place: gravity. The young planetoid isnt simply sweeping through space and cleaning up a cross-section of itself, it's sucking dust and gas down into its gravitational toilet. The dust falling in from external orbits is speeding up towards the star's im... |
Technology | why ARM processors are less energy consuming than x86 and why it is not easy to make x86 less consuming? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A lot of the techniques that make x86 processors as fast as they are come with a severe power cost. The architecture has 30+ years of backwards compatibility and quirky behavior to maintain. ARM is a relatively simple architecture and was made with energy efficiency in mind, not the "performance at all costs" mantra th... |
Biology | Why does sleep deprivation after a certain point make me hyper? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Brain gets too tired and goes a lil insane from being up too many consecutive hours. Practice good sleep hygiene by getting 7 hours of sleep at the same time every night. You can make this easier by practicing “bedtime rituals” some that you may already do like teeth brushing, picking out your tomorrow outfit, or readi... |
Economics | (ELI3 would be better) What is a CFD (Contract For Differences) ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A contract for differences is an agreement that two people (or groups) enter into. In this contract, there is an asset. It could be a stock, a commodity (like oil or gold), or anything really. The contract lists a specific date. At the end of that date, you take the price of the asset, and compare it to the price of th... |
Biology | Why does 4 hours of sleep feel better than more? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It depends on the person, everyone is different. But when you sleep you slowly go into your unconscious and out. Think of it like a wave, when the wave is high and tall you're awake, when it's low and deep it's unconscious. And when you're all the way at the bottom that's REM sleep. Your waves might move in a factor of... |
Technology | How exactly does cruise control work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There's multiple ways for cruise control to work. The first way is outdated and only used on old cars that have a throttle cable. When you engage it, it turns on a motor that will hold the throttle valve in the desired position. As you go up/down hills, the motor will open/shut the valve to compensate for speed. The mo... |
Physics | How can nothing be faster than light when speed is only relative? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is a brilliant question. It is the question the led to special relativity! Motion is relative: the velocity of an object depends on the velocity of the thing measuring it. Speed of light is not relative: everything measures speed of light the same. That is the paradox. The universe tells us that is the way it is w... |
Chemistry | Why does grapefruit juice mess with so many medicines? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There's an enzyme in your small intestine (CYP3A4) that has a large role in breaking down certain medicines. In order to compensate for the action of this enzyme, the actual dosage of the medicine in question has to be made larger than it otherwise would be so it can have its proper effect. However, grapefruit juice in... |
Physics | An observatory discovers we’re in peril as a cataclysmic sized asteroid is on a path for Earth and we’ve only got a year before impact. What measures are in place to save our bacons? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Absolutely none All of our asteroid avoidance measures are for an asteroid that is a few decades out and all of them are theoretical at best If we discovered an multi kilometer wide asteroid on course for Earth (a 7 or 10 on the Torino scale), the only thing we can currently do is pray |
Chemistry | How is the protein content and other nutrients in food calculated? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Various techniques - most of which are carried out in a laboratory. Protein is calculated by analysing total nitrogen content; fat is calculated by either solvent absorption or NMR; inorganic matter by combustion and dry ash analysis; etc etc. There are techniques for each nutrient. There is also a database that is ava... |
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