questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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What form when a single atom gains or loses electrons?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon atoms
B. monatomic ions
C. vacuoles ions
D. fusional ions | Monatomic ions form when a single atom gains or loses electrons. For the main group elements, cations are generally formed by removing all of the valence electrons from the atom. Since the numbers of valence electrons for the representative elements are constant within a particular group, all we need is the group numbe... | B: monatomic ions. |
In earthworms, the skin serves as what type of organ?
Here are the choices:
A. respiratory
B. excretory
C. reproductive
D. kidney | A: respiratory. | |
Catalytic converters used on motor vehicles break down pollutants in what, yielding non-toxic compounds?
Here are the choices:
A. intake
B. exhaust
C. muffler
D. oil | Catalytic converters are used on motor vehicles. They break down pollutants in exhaust to non-toxic compounds. For example, they change nitrogen oxides to harmless nitrogen and oxygen gases. | B: exhaust. |
Processing of filtrate in the proximal tubule helps maintain what level in body fluid?
Here are the choices:
A. temperature
B. metabolic level
C. homeostasis
D. ph | D: ph. | |
What helps represent age-sex structure of the population?
Here are the choices:
A. biome model
B. population pyramid
C. density graph
D. habitat chart | The age-sex structure of a population is the number of individuals of each sex and age in the population. Age-sex structure influences population growth. It is represented by a population pyramid. The number of survivors at each age is plotted on a survivorship curve. | B: population pyramid. |
Large viruses began as what type of cells inside bigger host cells?
Here are the choices:
A. static
B. symbiotic
C. simple
D. parasitic | Large viruses were once parasitic cells inside bigger host cells. Over time, genes needed to survive and reproduce outside host cells were lost. | D: parasitic. |
How can you calculate the density of matter?
Here are the choices:
A. by subtracting mass from volume
B. by multiplying its mass by its volume
C. by dividing its mass by its volume
D. by dividing its volume by its mass | The density of matter can be calculated by dividing its mass by its volume. | C: by dividing its mass by its volume. |
Frogs and toads have long back legs which are specialized for what action?
Here are the choices:
A. flying
B. swimming
C. sprinting
D. jumping | Frogs The frog order also includes toads. Unlike other amphibians, frogs and toads lack a tail by adulthood. Their back legs are also longer because they are specialized for jumping. Frogs can jump as far as 20 times their body length. That’s like you jumping more than the length of a basketball court! red-eyed tree fr... | D: jumping. |
Different regions of the cerebral cortex can be associated with particular functions, a concept known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. reversal of function
B. localization of function
C. cytoplasm of function
D. expressiveness of function | Different regions of the cerebral cortex can be associated with particular functions, a concept known as localization of function. In the early 1900s, a German neuroscientist named Korbinian Brodmann performed an extensive study of the microscopic anatomy—the cytoarchitecture—of the cerebral cortex and divided the cort... | B: localization of function. |
What is the term for a change in the inherited traits of organisms over time?
Here are the choices:
A. mutation
B. generation
C. evolution
D. emergence | Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection. Evolution is a change in the inherited traits of organisms over time. Natural selection is the process by which living things with beneficial traits produce more offspring, so their traits become more common over time. | C: evolution. |
What type of diseases do antibiotics not affect?
Here are the choices:
A. animal stings
B. cancer
C. autoimmune diseases
D. viruses | Viruses are not affected by antibiotics. Several viral diseases can be treated with antiviral drugs or prevented with vaccines. | D: viruses. |
Which system carries out long-distance transport of materials between the root and shoot systems?
Here are the choices:
A. circulatory tissue system
B. reproductive tissue system
C. vascular tissue system
D. perceptual tissue system | C: vascular tissue system. | |
How do reptiles typically reproduce?
Here are the choices:
A. live birth
B. cloning
C. sexually
D. asexually | Reptiles typically reproduce sexually and lay eggs. | C: sexually. |
All organisms must adapt to what in order to survive?
Here are the choices:
A. conditions
B. natural
C. weather
D. environment | All organisms must adapt to their environment in order to survive. This is true whether they live in water or on land. Most environments are not as extreme as the deep ocean where tube worms live. But they all have conditions that require adaptations. In this chapter, you will read about a wide variety of environments ... | D: environment. |
Biochemical compounds that include sugars, starches, and cellulose are examples of what?
Here are the choices:
A. electrolytes
B. lipids
C. carbohydrates
D. proteins | Carbohydrates are biochemical compounds that include sugars, starches, and cellulose. They contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and they are used mainly for energy by living things. | C: carbohydrates. |
What emerges from an insect egg?
Here are the choices:
A. parasite
B. larva
C. cocoon
D. fungi | When an insect egg hatches, a larva emerges. The larva eats and grows and then enters the pupa stage. The pupa is immobile and may be encased in a cocoon . During the pupa stage, the insect goes through metamorphosis . Tissues and appendages of the larva break down and reorganize into the adult form. How did such an in... | B: larva. |
What can protons and neutrons be broken down into?
Here are the choices:
A. molecules
B. quarks
C. strings
D. ions | Today, scientists think that electrons truly are fundamental particles that cannot be broken down into smaller, simpler particles. They are a type of fundamental particles called leptons. Protons and neutrons, on the other hand, are no longer thought to be fundamental particles. Instead, they are now thought to consist... | B: quarks. |
What is the name of the stage of life when a child becomes sexually mature?
Here are the choices:
A. maturity
B. adolescence
C. puberty
D. growth spurt | Puberty is the stage of life when a child becomes sexually mature. Puberty lasts from about 10 to 16 years of age in girls and from about 12 to 18 years of age in boys. In both girls and boys, puberty begins when the pituitary gland signals the gonads (ovaries or testes) to start secreting sex hormones (estrogen in gir... | C: puberty. |
What part of the brain is divided from front to back into the left and right hemispheres?
Here are the choices:
A. medula oblongata
B. cerebrum
C. cerebellum
D. thalmus | The cerebrum is divided down the middle from the front to the back of the head. The two halves of the cerebrum are called the right and left hemispheres. The two hemispheres are very similar but not identical. They are connected to each other by a thick bundle of axons deep within the brain. These axons allow the two h... | B: cerebrum. |
Because their cells are arranged in bundles, the appearance of skeletal and cardiac muscles is described as what?
Here are the choices:
A. quadrant
B. incised
C. striated
D. cylindrical | http://zonalandeducation. com/mstm/physics/mechanics/vectors/introduction/introductionVectors. html. | C: striated. |
What resource is considered nonrewable for human purposes, because it takes so long to form and is depleted by farming and other activities?
Here are the choices:
A. water
B. acid
C. soil
D. sunshine | Although renewable, soil takes a very long to form—up to hundreds of millions of years. So, for human purposes, soil is a nonrenewable resource. It is also constantly depleted of nutrients through careless use and eroded by wind and water. For example, misuse of soil caused a huge amount of it to simply blow away in th... | C: soil. |
What in orange juice makes it taste sour?
Here are the choices:
A. amino acid
B. carbonation
C. acetic acid
D. citric acid | Some solutions have special properties because they are acids. Orange juice is an example. It contains an acid called citric acid. It makes orange juice taste sour. Some solutions are bases rather than acids. | D: citric acid. |
What scientist created the modern system for classifying organisms?
Here are the choices:
A. linnaeus
B. Bohr
C. Newton
D. Pasteur | Linnaeus published his classification system in the 1700s. Since then, many new species have been discovered. The biochemistry of many organisms has also become known. Eventually, scientists realized that Linnaeus’s system of classification needed revision. | A: linnaeus. |
What will be the effect to an organism if its homeostasis is not maintained?
Here are the choices:
A. slow aging
B. weight regulation
C. death or disease
D. healthy mental state | All of the organ systems of the body work together to maintain homeostasis of the organism. If homeostasis fails, death or disease may result. | C: death or disease. |
Since warmer molecules have more energy, they are more what?
Here are the choices:
A. inactive
B. active
C. dense
D. abundant | The density of air varies from place to place. Air density depends on several factors. One is temperature. Like other materials, warm air is less dense than cool air. Since warmer molecules have more energy, they are more active. The molecules bounce off each other and spread apart. Another factor that affects the dens... | B: active. |
If only blue light strikes green leaves what happens to it?
Here are the choices:
A. it causes heating
B. it is reflected
C. it causes cooling
D. it is absorbed | The color of light that strikes an object may also affect the color that the object appears. For example, if only blue light strikes green leaves, the blue light is absorbed and no light is reflected. | D: it is absorbed. |
Which type of animal creates useful substances such as honey, wax, lacquer, and silk?
Here are the choices:
A. insects
B. fungus
C. spiders
D. bacteria | Insects produce useful substances, such as honey, wax, lacquer, and silk. | A: insects. |
Stringed instruments can help show the relationship between tension and what in strings?
Here are the choices:
A. lengths
B. volumes
C. temperatures
D. frequencies | f 2 = v w / λ 2 = v w / 2L = 2 f 1 . Similarly, f 3 = 3 f 1 , and so on. All of these frequencies can be changed by adjusting the tension in the string. The greater the tension, the greater v w is and the higher the frequencies. This observation is familiar to anyone who has ever observed a string instrument being tune... | D: frequencies. |
Ectotherms undergo a variety of changes at the cellular level to acclimatize to shifts in what?
Here are the choices:
A. temperature
B. density
C. volume
D. altitude | There are 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes in the human genome, for a total of 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). Sex chromosomes specify an organism's genetic sex. Humans can have two different sex chromosomes, one called X and the other Y. Normal females possess two X chromosomes and normal males one X and one Y. An autoso... | A: temperature. |
Convex lenses are thicker in the middle than at the edges so they cause rays of light to converge, or meet, at a point called what?
Here are the choices:
A. focus
B. the apex
C. the center
D. the base | Convex lenses are thicker in the middle than at the edges. They cause rays of light to converge, or meet, at a point called the focus (F). Convex lenses form either real or virtual images. It depends on how close an object is to the lens relative to the focus. Figure below shows how a convex lens works. You can also in... | A: focus. |
What are magnesium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, and sodium bicarbonate commonly used as?
Here are the choices:
A. antibiotics
B. antacids
C. antidepressants
D. salts | Magnesium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, and sodium bicarbonate are commonly used as antacids. Give the empirical formulas and determine the molar masses of these compounds. Based on their formulas, suggest another compound that might be an effective antacid. ♦ Nickel(II) acetate, lead(II) phosphate, zinc nitrate, and ... | B: antacids. |
What type of taste do bases normally have?
Here are the choices:
A. salty
B. sweet
C. bitter
D. sour | Bases often have a bitter taste and are found in foods less frequently than acids. Many bases, like soaps, are slippery to the touch. | C: bitter. |
Which body part helps roundworm prevent their body from expanding?
Here are the choices:
A. plate
B. skin
C. scales
D. tough cuticle covering | Roundworms have a tough covering of cuticle on the surface of their body. It prevents their body from expanding. This allows the buildup of fluid pressure in their partial body cavity. The fluid pressure adds stiffness to the body. This provides a counterforce for the contraction of muscles, allowing roundworms to move... | D: tough cuticle covering. |
The maintenance of constant conditions in the body is also known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. hypothesis
B. consciousness
C. homeostasis
D. mononucleosis | Homeostasis, or the maintenance of constant conditions in the body, is a fundamental property of all living things. In the human body, the substances that participate in chemical reactions must remain within narrows ranges of concentration. Too much or too little of a single substance can disrupt your bodily functions.... | C: homeostasis. |
What is the term for tough protein fibers that connects bones to each other?
Here are the choices:
A. muscles
B. cords
C. ligaments
D. tetons | Ligaments are made of tough protein fibers and connect bones to each other. Your bones, cartilage, and ligaments make up your skeletal system . | C: ligaments. |
What is the study of macroscopic properties, atomic properties, and phenomena in chemical systems?
Here are the choices:
A. thermal chemistry
B. physical chemistry
C. molecular chemistry
D. differential chemistry | Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic properties, atomic properties, and phenomena in chemical systems. A physical chemist may study such things as the rates of chemical reactions, the energy transfers that occur in reactions, or the physical structure of materials at the molecular level. | B: physical chemistry. |
Bones, cartilage, and ligaments make up what anatomical system?
Here are the choices:
A. skeletal system
B. Integumentary system
C. Muscular system
D. Lymphatic system | The skeletal system is made up of bones, cartilage, and ligaments. The skeletal system has many important functions in your body. What bones protect the heart and lungs? What protects the brain?. | A: skeletal system. |
What is the first part of the large intestine called?
Here are the choices:
A. jejunum
B. duodenum
C. colon
D. cecum | Cecum The first part of the large intestine is the cecum, a sac-like structure that is suspended inferior to the ileocecal valve. It is about 6 cm (2.4 in) long, receives the contents of the ileum, and continues the absorption of water and salts. The appendix (or vermiform appendix) is a winding tube that attaches to t... | D: cecum. |
What occurs when nature reclaims areas formerly occupied by life?
Here are the choices:
A. tertiary succession
B. secondary succession
C. typical succession
D. primary succession | Forest and Kim Starr (Flickr:Starr Environmental). Secondary succession occurs when nature reclaims areas formerly occupied by life . CC BY 2.0. | B: secondary succession. |
To solubilize the fats so that they can be absorbed, what organ secretes a fluid called bile into the small intestine?
Here are the choices:
A. stomach
B. spleen
C. gall bladder
D. small intestine | A related mechanism allows us to absorb and digest the fats in buttered popcorn and French fries. To solubilize the fats so that they can be absorbed, the gall bladder secretes a fluid called bile into the small intestine. Bile contains a variety of bile salts, detergent-like molecules that emulsify the fats. | C: gall bladder. |
When the hemoglobin loses its oxygen, it changes to what color?
Here are the choices:
A. bluish red
B. grayish red
C. light pink
D. purple red | The structure of heme (Figure 19.29), the iron-containing complex in hemoglobin, is very similar to that in chlorophyll. In hemoglobin, the red heme complex is bonded to a large protein molecule (globin) by the attachment of the protein to the heme ligand. Oxygen molecules are transported by hemoglobin in the blood by ... | A: bluish red. |
How are weather patterns formed?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon dioxide
B. uneven heating of the atmosphere
C. the moon's gravitational pull
D. pollution from planes | Weather refers to conditions of the atmosphere at a given time and place. It occurs because of unequal heating of the atmosphere. Humidity, clouds, and precipitation are important weather factors. | B: uneven heating of the atmosphere. |
Boyle discovered that what property of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume?
Here are the choices:
A. mass
B. pressure
C. amount
D. temperature | in a one-liter container (Figure 22.15). In this case, the force exerted by the movement of the gas molecules against the walls of the two-liter container is lower than the force exerted by the gas molecules in the one-liter container. Therefore, the pressure is lower in the two-liter container and higher in the one-li... | B: pressure. |
What amazing machines smash particles that are smaller than atoms into each other head-on?
Here are the choices:
A. nitrogen accelerators
B. absorption accelerators
C. observant accelerators
D. particle accelerators | Scientists have built machines called particle accelerators. These amazing tools smash particles that are smaller than atoms into each other head-on. This creates new particles. Scientists use particle accelerators to learn about nuclear fusion in stars. They can also learn about how atoms came together in the early un... | D: particle accelerators. |
The interaction of what opposite factors describe a biome and ecosystem?
Here are the choices:
A. abiotic and biotic
B. hygroscopic and abiotic
C. metastasis and biotic
D. innate and biotic | The abiotic factors, such as the amount of rainfall and the temperature, are going to influence other abiotic factors, such as the quality of the soil. This, in turn, is going to influence the plants that migrate into the ecosystem and thrive in that biome. Recall that migration is the movement of an organism into or o... | A: abiotic and biotic. |
What is caused by differences in density at the top and bottom of the ocean?
Here are the choices:
A. flat currents
B. shallow currents
C. deep currents
D. still water | Currents also flow deep below the surface of the ocean. Deep currents are caused by differences in density at the top and bottom. More dense water takes up less space than less dense water. It has the same mass but less volume. Water that is more dense sinks. Less dense water rises. What can make water more dense?. | C: deep currents. |
What is the layer of tissue between the body and shell called?
Here are the choices:
A. cuticle
B. collagen
C. mantle
D. epidermis | Mollusks have a hard outer shell. There is a layer of tissue called the mantle between the shell and the body. | C: mantle. |
Well suited to absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil, thin-walled dermal cells and tiny hairs cover what basic plant structures?
Here are the choices:
A. stems
B. roots
C. leaves
D. flowers | Roots are covered with thin-walled dermal cells and tiny root hairs. These features are well suited to absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil. | B: roots. |
What is the major artery of the body, taking oxygenated blood to the organs and muscles of the body?
Here are the choices:
A. capillary
B. diastolic
C. carotid
D. aorta | The Heart The heart is a complex muscle that consists of two pumps: one that pumps blood through pulmonary circulation to the lungs, and the other that pumps blood through systemic circulation to the rest of the body’s tissues (and the heart itself). The heart is asymmetrical, with the left side being larger than the r... | D: aorta. |
What do you call a growing mass of cancerous cells that pushes into nearby tissues?
Here are the choices:
A. pallet
B. bacteria
C. calcium
D. tumor | Lung cancer is a disease in which the cells found in the lungs grow out of control. The growing mass of cells can form a tumor that pushes into nearby tissues. The tumor will affect how these tissues work. Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in men, and the second most common in women. It is re... | D: tumor. |
What is the major intracellular cation?
Here are the choices:
A. sodium
B. magnesium
C. potassium
D. glucose | Potassium Potassium is the major intracellular cation. It helps establish the resting membrane potential in neurons and muscle fibers after membrane depolarization and action potentials. In contrast to sodium, potassium has very little effect on osmotic. | C: potassium. |
The enzyme pepsin plays an important role in the digestion of proteins by breaking down intact protein to what short-chain amino acids?
Here are the choices:
A. peptides
B. proteins
C. lipids
D. protons | Protein A large part of protein digestion takes place in the stomach. The enzyme pepsin plays an important role in the digestion of proteins by breaking down the intact protein to peptides, which are short chains of four to nine amino acids. In the duodenum, other enzymes— trypsin, elastase, and chymotrypsin—act on the... | A: peptides. |
What remains a constant of radioactive substance over time?
Here are the choices:
A. temperature
B. acidity
C. volatility
D. rate of decay | The rate of decay of a radioactive substance is constant over time. | D: rate of decay. |
Terrestrial ecosystems, also known for their diversity, are grouped into large categories called what?
Here are the choices:
A. biomes
B. monomes
C. bisomes
D. substrates | Terrestrial ecosystems, also known for their diversity, are grouped into large categories called biomes. A biome is a largescale community of organisms, primarily defined on land by the dominant plant types that exist in geographic regions of the planet with similar climatic conditions. Examples of biomes include tropi... | A: biomes. |
High explosives create shock waves that exceed the speed of sound, a phenomenon that goes by what term?
Here are the choices:
A. supersonic
B. light speed
C. turbulence
D. ion speed | The modern day formulation of gun powder is called black powder. It is still commonly used today. Its formulation is still quite similar to what was used in 9 th century China. Black powder is considered a low explosive. It is a mixture that burns quickly, but the resulting shock wave travels at subsonic speeds. The sp... | A: supersonic. |
What do you call a structure composed of two or more types of tissues that work together to do a specific task?
Here are the choices:
A. cell
B. organ
C. system
D. marrow | An organ is a structure composed of two or more types of tissues that work together to do a specific task. Most modern plants have several organs that help them survive and reproduce in a variety of habitats. Major organs of most plants include roots, stems, and leaves. These and other plant organs generally contain al... | B: organ. |
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