Datasets:

yanxi0830
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ls-mmlu

input_query stringlengths 255 5.08k	chat_completion_input stringlengths 299 5.14k	expected_answer stringclasses 4 values
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: Blood clots are responsible for repeatedly blocking a catheter. What should you do? A. Call for help. B. Inform medical staff. C. Inform the patient. D. Remove the catheter and recatheterize. The last line of your response should...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: Blood clots are responsible for repeatedly blocking a catheter. What should you do?\n\nA. Call for help.\nB. Inform medical staff.\nC. Inform the patient.\nD. Remove the catheter and recatheterize.\...	B
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: What is meant by the term 'cyber-crime'? A. Any crime that uses computers to jeopardise or attempt to jeopardise national security B. The use of computer networks to commit financial or identity fraud C. The theft of digital infor...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: What is meant by the term 'cyber-crime'?\n\nA. Any crime that uses computers to jeopardise or attempt to jeopardise national security\nB. The use of computer networks to commit financial or identity...	D
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: How might global inequality present a threat to global security? A. Human security is threatened by global inequality, because 3s of the world population do not share the benefits of globalisation. However, this inequality does no...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: How might global inequality present a threat to global security?\n\nA. Human security is threatened by global inequality, because 3s of the world population do not share the benefits of globalisatio...	C
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: What is the future of WMD? A. The viability of the CWC and BCW providing a concrete basis in international law to prevent the proliferation of chemical and biological weapons is dubious. The Proliferation Security Initiative to pr...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: What is the future of WMD?\n\nA. The viability of the CWC and BCW providing a concrete basis in international law to prevent the proliferation of chemical and biological weapons is dubious. The Prol...	D
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: In which ways does realism differ from social constructivism in the theorisation of identity within international relations? A. Social constructivism employs theories of causality in the study of international relations, in additi...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: In which ways does realism differ from social constructivism in the theorisation of identity within international relations?\n\nA. Social constructivism employs theories of causality in the study of...	C
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: What is 'malware'? A. A virus or worm B. A Trojan horse C. A hacker tool D. A corrupted program The last line of your response should be of the following format: 'Answer: $LETTER' (without quotes) where LETTER is one of ABCD.	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: What is 'malware'?\n\nA. A virus or worm\nB. A Trojan horse\nC. A hacker tool\nD. A corrupted program\n\nThe last line of your response should be of the following format: 'Answer: $LETTER' (without ...	C
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: For post-structuralists, which of the following is the most important impact of security studies? A. Security studies contributes to the literature and builds greater theoretical understanding of the subject. B. Security studies r...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: For post-structuralists, which of the following is the most important impact of security studies?\n\nA. Security studies contributes to the literature and builds greater theoretical understanding of...	D
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: In what ways can the different relationship between US and European security studies be explained? A. The different relationship to the concept of security: in Europe the debate has stayed as part of politico-self-reflection of th...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: In what ways can the different relationship between US and European security studies be explained?\n\nA. The different relationship to the concept of security: in Europe the debate has stayed as par...	D
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: Which of the following statements does not describe 'nations'? A. Nations may be made up of different ethnic-identity groups. B. Nations may be difficult to distinguish from societies. C. Nations are defined by the boundaries and ...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: Which of the following statements does not describe 'nations'?\n\nA. Nations may be made up of different ethnic-identity groups.\nB. Nations may be difficult to distinguish from societies.\nC. Natio...	C
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: In what ways have feminist and critical security investigations of the 1980s and 1990s expanded our understanding of gender security issues? A. Investigations into the consequences of state security policies showed that women were...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: In what ways have feminist and critical security investigations of the 1980s and 1990s expanded our understanding of gender security issues?\n\nA. Investigations into the consequences of state secur...	C
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: What preventative security measures might a government take in defence of a potential future terrorist attack? A. Prevention is normally associated with the concept of terrorism as war or crime. All governments will practice preve...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: What preventative security measures might a government take in defence of a potential future terrorist attack?\n\nA. Prevention is normally associated with the concept of terrorism as war or crime. ...	A
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: In what ways can a distinction be made between limited force and full-scale force? A. The distinction between limited force and full-scale force is the second process of coercive diplomacy. Coercive diplomacy only fails if the coe...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: In what ways can a distinction be made between limited force and full-scale force?\n\nA. The distinction between limited force and full-scale force is the second process of coercive diplomacy. Coerc...	D
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: What are the challenges for the future of security studies? A. The most obvious issue of joint concern during the 2000s was terror and order, although fast- rising concerns over environmental/climate security could easily provide ...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: What are the challenges for the future of security studies?\n\nA. The most obvious issue of joint concern during the 2000s was terror and order, although fast- rising concerns over environmental/cli...	D
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: Which of the following is the odd one out? A. Institutional constraints and resource constraints. B. Information and time horizon. C. Goals. D. Vectors of economic incentives. The last line of your response should be of the follo...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: Which of the following is the odd one out?\n\nA. Institutional constraints and resource constraints.\nB. Information and time horizon.\nC. Goals.\nD. Vectors of economic incentives.\n\nThe last line...	D
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: Within Critical Security Studies, what is the referent object of security? A. There is no specific referent point. B. The state and state apparatus. C. The environment. D. The people and their collectives. The last line of your r...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: Within Critical Security Studies, what is the referent object of security?\n\nA. There is no specific referent point.\nB. The state and state apparatus.\nC. The environment.\nD. The people and their...	A
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: Why is coercive diplomacy hard? What are the inherent difficulties? A. Perpetual, psychological and emotional factors are precluded from the adversary's calculations. In no-win situations therefore the adversary might calculate th...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: Why is coercive diplomacy hard? What are the inherent difficulties?\n\nA. Perpetual, psychological and emotional factors are precluded from the adversary's calculations. In no-win situations therefo...	C
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: Mass-society theory suggests that: A. the content of the media is determined by market forces B. the subordinate classes are dominated by the ideology of the ruling class C. the media manipulate 'the masses' as vulnerable, passive...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: Mass-society theory suggests that:\n\nA. the content of the media is determined by market forces\nB. the subordinate classes are dominated by the ideology of the ruling class\nC. the media manipulat...	C
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: The ecological approach to urban sociology involved studying: A. how social groups colonized different areas of the city and competed for resources B. the forms of wildlife and natural habitats that could be found on the edges of ...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: The ecological approach to urban sociology involved studying:\n\nA. how social groups colonized different areas of the city and competed for resources\nB. the forms of wildlife and natural habitats ...	A
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: Becker proclaimed that cannabis use was: A. increasing throughout all sections of youth in the 1970s B. learned gradually through the social processes of a deviant career C. a dangerous pastime that young people should not be allo...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: Becker proclaimed that cannabis use was:\n\nA. increasing throughout all sections of youth in the 1970s\nB. learned gradually through the social processes of a deviant career\nC. a dangerous pastime...	B
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: The middle classes that developed over the nineteenth century were: A. an urban set, involved in civic bodies and voluntary associations B. too diverse to have a strong sense of class consciousness C. often involved in 'white coll...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: The middle classes that developed over the nineteenth century were:\n\nA. an urban set, involved in civic bodies and voluntary associations\nB. too diverse to have a strong sense of class consciousn...	D
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: Technological forms of surveillance have made it easier to: A. access and exchange 'private' information about consumers B. reduce prison overcrowding by the use of electronic tagging C. monitor employees' activities at work D. al...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: Technological forms of surveillance have made it easier to:\n\nA. access and exchange 'private' information about consumers\nB. reduce prison overcrowding by the use of electronic tagging\nC. monito...	D
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: The concept of gemeinschaft developed by Ferdinand Tönnies describes basically the same relational characteristics as A. organic solidarity B. mechanical solidarity C. gesellschaft D. anomie The last line of your response should ...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: The concept of gemeinschaft developed by Ferdinand Tönnies describes basically the same relational characteristics as\n\nA. organic solidarity\nB. mechanical solidarity\nC. gesellschaft\nD. anomie\n...	B
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: There was a growth in income inequality in the 1980s because: A. rates of income tax increased equally for all occupational groups B. there were more professional jobs available but not enough people to fill them C. the price of c...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: There was a growth in income inequality in the 1980s because:\n\nA. rates of income tax increased equally for all occupational groups\nB. there were more professional jobs available but not enough p...	D
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: If a deviant act is 'normalized', it is: A. recognised as breaking an important norm of behaviour B. seen a temporary aberration from an otherwise 'normal' character C. the first step in establishing a deviant career D. attributed...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: If a deviant act is 'normalized', it is:\n\nA. recognised as breaking an important norm of behaviour\nB. seen a temporary aberration from an otherwise 'normal' character\nC. the first step in establ...	B
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: In the debate about the 'managerial revolution', John Scott (1997) argued that: A. owners still exercised control through groups of shareholders and interlocking directorships B. ownership and management were becoming increasingly...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: In the debate about the 'managerial revolution', John Scott (1997) argued that:\n\nA. owners still exercised control through groups of shareholders and interlocking directorships\nB. ownership and m...	A
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: Marxist feminists explain patriarchy in terms of: A. a lack of equal rights and opportunities for men and women B. sex classes, through which men oppress women economically, politically and sexually C. women's domestic labour bein...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: Marxist feminists explain patriarchy in terms of:\n\nA. a lack of equal rights and opportunities for men and women\nB. sex classes, through which men oppress women economically, politically and sexu...	C
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: Which of the following was not defined by Giddens (1998) as part of New Labour's 'third way': A. the democratization of the family B. putting an end to privatization C. positive welfare: 'a hand up, not a hand-out' D. the strength...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: Which of the following was not defined by Giddens (1998) as part of New Labour's 'third way':\n\nA. the democratization of the family\nB. putting an end to privatization\nC. positive welfare: 'a han...	B
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: Anti-psychiatrists like Laing & Esterson believed that: A. Psychiatry was an out-moded form of treatment and should be replaced by alternative therapies like aromatherapy and kinesiology B. Mental illnesses were biological in orig...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: Anti-psychiatrists like Laing & Esterson believed that:\n\nA. Psychiatry was an out-moded form of treatment and should be replaced by alternative therapies like aromatherapy and kinesiology\nB. Ment...	D
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: Butler & Stokes (1969) suggested that working class support for the Labour Party arose from: A. socialization into working class families and communities B. rational calculation of self-interest C. issue-based concerns about cultu...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: Butler & Stokes (1969) suggested that working class support for the Labour Party arose from:\n\nA. socialization into working class families and communities\nB. rational calculation of self-interest...	A
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: In contemporary societies, social institutions are: A. highly specialized, interrelated sets of social practices B. disorganized social relations in a postmodern world C. virtual communities in cyberspace D. no longer relevant to ...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: In contemporary societies, social institutions are:\n\nA. highly specialized, interrelated sets of social practices\nB. disorganized social relations in a postmodern world\nC. virtual communities in...	A
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: The term 'emotion work' (Hochschild 1983) refers to: A. the techniques used to consciously manage and present emotions that are deemed appropriate for public settings of interaction B. the work done by psychologists, counselors an...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: The term 'emotion work' (Hochschild 1983) refers to:\n\nA. the techniques used to consciously manage and present emotions that are deemed appropriate for public settings of interaction\nB. the work ...	A
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: When sociologists study the structure of layers in society and people's movement between them, they call this: A. social stratification B. social control C. social conflict D. social solidarity The last line of your response shou...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: When sociologists study the structure of layers in society and people's movement between them, they call this:\n\nA. social stratification\nB. social control\nC. social conflict\nD. social solidarit...	A
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: The four ideal types of social action that Weber identified were as follows: instrumentally-rational, value-rational, traditional, and... A. affectual B. affective C. effective D. infected The last line of your response should be...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: The four ideal types of social action that Weber identified were as follows: instrumentally-rational, value-rational, traditional, and...\n\nA. affectual\nB. affective\nC. effective\nD. infected\n\n...	A
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: An ecclesia is: A. a religious organization that claims total spiritual authority over its members B. a church organized around voluntary rather than compulsory membership C. a sect or cult with a very small following D. a hierarc...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: An ecclesia is:\n\nA. a religious organization that claims total spiritual authority over its members\nB. a church organized around voluntary rather than compulsory membership\nC. a sect or cult wit...	A
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: After slavery was abolished in the USA and British Empire, policy makers claimed that former slaves migrating to these cities would experience: A. assimilation B. adaptation C. discrimination D. compensation The last line of your...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: After slavery was abolished in the USA and British Empire, policy makers claimed that former slaves migrating to these cities would experience:\n\nA. assimilation\nB. adaptation\nC. discrimination\n...	A
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: Sutherland's study of the 'professional thief' suggested that: A. people are socialized into a life of crime by associating with others who define it in positive terms B. the majority of crime is committed by middle class people i...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: Sutherland's study of the 'professional thief' suggested that:\n\nA. people are socialized into a life of crime by associating with others who define it in positive terms\nB. the majority of crime i...	A
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: Which of the following policies did the New Labour government not pursue? A. setting and streaming pupils by ability B. parental choice of school C. supporting LEAs that appeared to be failing D. state regulation and control of th...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: Which of the following policies did the New Labour government not pursue?\n\nA. setting and streaming pupils by ability\nB. parental choice of school\nC. supporting LEAs that appeared to be failing\...	C
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: Stone's research suggests that prior to industrialization, the nuclear family: A. did not exist in any form B. had begun to disappear, as extended networks of kin became more important C. had begun to emerge through the separation...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: Stone's research suggests that prior to industrialization, the nuclear family:\n\nA. did not exist in any form\nB. had begun to disappear, as extended networks of kin became more important\nC. had b...	C
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: Statistics about rural, suburban, and urban patterns of development and mobility are almost always reported based on a geographical area labeled as Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA). What constitutes an MSA? A. It includes only...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: Statistics about rural, suburban, and urban patterns of development and mobility are almost always reported based on a geographical area labeled as Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA). What constit...	B
Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. Question: Mosca and Pareto identified the ruling elite as: A. a minority group who fill all the top positions of political authority B. a coalition of social forces with specific skills and abilities C. a group who circulate between high st...	[{'role': 'user', 'content': "\nGiven the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. \n\nQuestion: Mosca and Pareto identified the ruling elite as:\n\nA. a minority group who fill all the top positions of political authority\nB. a coalition of social forces with specific skills and abilities\nC. ...	D