How many miles to Babylon? Three score miles and ten. Can I get there by candle-light? Yes, and back again.. If your heels are nimble and your toes are light, You may get there by candle-light.</poem> A longer Scottish version has the lyrics: <poem>King and Queen of Cantelon, How many miles to Babylon? Eight and eight, and other eight. Will I get there by candle-light? If your horse be","psg_id":"13231793"},{"title":"Haiku","text":"composition. Shiki's revisionism dealt a severe blow to renku and surviving haikai schools. The term \"hokku\" is now used chiefly in its original sense of the opening verse of a renku, and rarely to distinguish haiku written before Shiki's time. Haibun is a combination of prose and haiku, often autobiographical or written in the form of a travel journal. Haiga is a style of Japanese painting based on the aesthetics of haikai, and usually including a haiku. Today, haiga artists combine haiku with paintings, photographs and other art. The carving of famous haiku on natural stone to make poem monuments","psg_id":"164922"},{"title":"Death poem","text":"waka. Sometimes they are written in the three-line, seventeen-syllable haiku form, although the most common type of death poem (called a \"jisei\" 辞世) is in the waka form called the tanka (also called a \"jisei-ei\" 辞世詠) which consists of five lines totaling 31 syllables (5-7-5-7-7)—a form that constitutes over half of surviving death poems.(Ogiu, 317-318). Poetry has long been a core part of Japanese tradition. Death poems are typically graceful, natural, and emotionally neutral, in accordance with the teachings of Buddhism and Shinto. Excepting the earliest works of this tradition, it has been considered inappropriate to mention death explicitly; rather,","psg_id":"3195079"},{"title":"Haiku","text":"the 5-7-5 pattern. Although the word \"\"on\"\" is sometimes translated as \"syllable\", one \"on\" is counted for a short syllable, two for an elongated vowel or doubled consonant, and one for an \"n\" at the end of a syllable. Thus, the word \"haibun\", though counted as two syllables in English, is counted as four \"on\" in Japanese (ha-i-bu-n); and the word \"\"on\"\" itself, which English-speakers would view as a single syllable, comprises two \"on\": the short vowel o and the . This is illustrated by the Issa haiku below, which contains 17 \"on\" but only 15 syllables. Conversely, some sounds,","psg_id":"164911"},{"title":"Haiku","text":"Haiku In Japanese, haiku are traditionally printed in a single vertical line while haiku in English often appear in three lines to parallel the three phrases of Japanese haiku. Previously called \"hokku\", haiku was given its current name by the Japanese writer Masaoka Shiki at the end of the 19th century. In Japanese haiku a \"kireji\", or cutting word, typically appears at the end of one of the verse's three phrases. A \"kireji\" fills a role somewhat analogous to a \"caesura\" in classical western poetry or to a volta in sonnets. Depending on which cutting word is chosen, and its","psg_id":"164907"},{"title":"Haiku","text":"South Asia, some other poets also write Haiku from time to time, most notably including the Pakistani poet Omer Tarin, who is also active in the movement for global nuclear disarmament and some of his 'Hiroshima Haiku' have been read at various peace conferences in Japan and the UK. Haiku In Japanese, haiku are traditionally printed in a single vertical line while haiku in English often appear in three lines to parallel the three phrases of Japanese haiku. Previously called \"hokku\", haiku was given its current name by the Japanese writer Masaoka Shiki at the end of the 19th century.","psg_id":"164936"},{"title":"Haiku in English","text":"popular haiku writer. In February 2008, the World Haiku Festival was held in Bangalore, gathering \"haijin\" from all over India and Bangladesh, as well as a few from Europe and the United States. In South Asia, some other poets also write Haiku from time to time, most notably including the Pakistani poet Omer Tarin, who is also active in the movement for global nuclear disarmament and some of his 'Hiroshima Haiku' have been read at various peace conferences in Japan, the UK and other countries. Haiku in English A haiku in English is a very short poem in the English","psg_id":"12232133"},{"title":"Murō Saisei","text":"his life. In 1902, he left Kanazawa High Elementary school (equivalent to junior high school today) and started working as a clerk at the Kanazawa Regional Court. His bosses included Haiku-readers such as Kawagoe Bukotsu (河越風骨) and Akakura Kinpu (赤倉錦風) who taught him how to read/compose haiku. After numerous applications to local newspapers, his haiku was first published on October 8, 1904 in Hokkoku Shimbun. Then he used pseudonym of \"Terifumi\" (照文). Eventually, he also started writing poems and tanka (a Japanese poem of thirty‐one syllables). He started to use his pen name - Saisei - in 1906. The name","psg_id":"11806893"},{"title":"Haiku in English","text":"verse, were published between 1997 and 2006 (issues 1-8 were edited by Patricia Kelsall; issues 9-20 by Beverley George). Nowadays \"Paper Wasp\" is published in Australia, \"Kokako\" in New Zealand and \"Chrysanthemum\" (bilingual German/English) in Germany and Austria. Two other online English-language haiku journals founded outside North America, \"A Hundred Gourds\" and \"Notes from the Gean\", are now defunct. John Barlow's Snapshot Press is a notable UK-based publisher of haiku books. In the early 20th century, Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore composed haiku in Bengali. He also translated some from Japanese. In Gujarati, Jhinabhai Desai 'Sneharashmi' popularized haiku and remained a","psg_id":"12232132"},{"title":"Haiku","text":"third lines end-rhymed. Yasuda considered that haiku translated into English should utilize all of the poetic resources of the language. Yasuda's theory also includes the concept of a \"haiku moment\" based in personal experience, and provides the motive for writing a haiku (' an aesthestic moment' of a timeless feeling of enlightened harmony as the poet's nature and the environment are unified'). This notion of the haiku moment has resonated with haiku writers in English, even though the notion is not widely promoted in Japanese haiku.(See however, 'Shiki's Haiku Moments for Us Today' In 1958, \"An Introduction to Haiku: An","psg_id":"164928"},{"title":"Haiku","text":"stimulated the writing of haiku in English. The Japanese-American scholar and translator Kenneth Yasuda published \"The Japanese Haiku: Its Essential Nature, History, and Possibilities in English, with Selected Examples\" in 1957. The book includes both translations from Japanese and original poems of his own in English, which had previously appeared in his book titled \"A Pepper-Pod: Classic Japanese Poems together with Original Haiku\". In these books Yasuda presented a critical theory about haiku, to which he added comments on haiku poetry by early 20th-century poets and critics. His translations apply a 5–7–5 syllable count in English, with the first and","psg_id":"164927"},{"title":"Haiku","text":"Japanese masters and American and Canadian contemporary haiku authors. The former president of the European Council, Herman Van Rompuy, is a \"haijin\" (, haiku poets) and known as \"Haiku Herman.\" He published a book of haiku in April 2010. In the early 20th century, Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore composed haiku in Bengali. He also translated some from Japanese. In Gujarati, Jhinabhai Desai 'Sneharashmi' popularized haiku and remained a popular haiku writer. In February 2008, the World Haiku Festival was held in Bangalore, gathering \"haijin\" from all over India and Bangladesh, as well as from Europe and the United States. In","psg_id":"164935"},{"title":"Haiku","text":"the colloquialism of the language and is closest to natural conversational rhythm, necessary to carry the weight of the hokku A haiku traditionally contains a \"kigo\", a word or phrase that symbolizes or implies the season of the poem and which is drawn from a \"saijiki\", an extensive but prescriptive list of such words. Kigo are often in the form of metonyms and can be difficult for those who lack Japanese cultural references to spot. The Bashō examples below include \"kawazu\", \"frog\" implying spring, and \"shigure\", a rain shower in late autumn or early winter. Kigo are not always included","psg_id":"164913"},{"title":"Haiku in English","text":"four lines (sometimes known as \"haiqua\") or longer have been written, some of them \"vertical haiku\" with only a word or two per line. These poems mimic the vertical printed form of Japanese haiku. The translator Nobuyuki Yuasa considered four lines more appropriate in his translations, being closest to the natural conversational rhythm of the colloquial language of haiku, also that three lines did not carry the weight of hokku and found it impossible to use 'three lines' consistently for his translations. The contemporary poet John Martone has written a vast number of vertical haiku. Haiku have also appeared in","psg_id":"12232128"},{"title":"DeCSS haiku","text":"DeCSS haiku DeCSS haiku is a 465-stanza haiku poem written in 2001 by American hacker Seth Schoen as part of the protest action regarding the prosecution of Norwegian programmer Jon Lech Johansen for co-creating the DeCSS software. The poem, written in the spirit of civil disobedience against the DVD Copy Control Association, argues that \"code is speech\". DeCSS haiku was created in the context of a series of protests, coming from the international hacker community, against the arrest of Norwegian programmer Jon Lech Johansen, and a series of related lawsuits against him and other hackers (such as Universal City Studios,","psg_id":"17985906"},{"title":"DeCSS haiku","text":"by the \"Wall Street Journal\", \"San Francisco Chronicle\", \"Wired\" and the \"New York Times Magazine\". DeCSS haiku DeCSS haiku is a 465-stanza haiku poem written in 2001 by American hacker Seth Schoen as part of the protest action regarding the prosecution of Norwegian programmer Jon Lech Johansen for co-creating the DeCSS software. The poem, written in the spirit of civil disobedience against the DVD Copy Control Association, argues that \"code is speech\". DeCSS haiku was created in the context of a series of protests, coming from the international hacker community, against the arrest of Norwegian programmer Jon Lech Johansen, and","psg_id":"17985911"},{"title":"Fog (poem)","text":"Fog (poem) \"Fog\" is a poem by Carl Sandburg. It first appeared in Sandburg's first mainstream collection of poems, \"Chicago Poems\", published in 1916. Sandburg has described the genesis of the poem. At a time when he was carrying a book of Japanese Haiku, he went to interview a juvenile court judge, and he had cut through Grant Park and saw the fog over Chicago harbor. He had certainly seen many fogs before, but this time he had to wait forty minutes for the judge, and he only had a piece of newsprint handy, so he decided to create an","psg_id":"17030118"},{"title":"Haiku in languages other than Japanese","text":"Italiana Amici dell'Haiku) was established, and then the Italian Haiku Association. The poet Mario Chini (1876 - 1959) published the book of haiku titled \"Moments\" (Rome, 1960). Later, Edoardo Sanguineti published some of his haiku. Traditional haiku have been developed in Estonia since 1960s. Andres Ehin (1940 - 2011) was the most prominent Estonian-language haiku writer of the 20th century; his bilingual English-Estonian collection \"Moose Beetle Swallow\" was published in Ireland in 2005. Estonian poets Arvo Mets and Felix Tammi wrote haiku in Russian. What some people call Estonian haiku () is a form of poetry introduced in Estonia in","psg_id":"17086489"},{"title":"On (Japanese prosody)","text":"transliterated into hiragana. In cases where a hiragana is represented by a pair of symbols each pair (or \"digraph\" e.g. \"kyo\" (きょ)) equates to a single \"on\". When viewed this way, the term \"\"ji\"\" (\"character\") is used in Japanese. In English-language discussions of Japanese poetry, the more familiar word \"syllable\" is sometimes used. Although the use of \"syllable\" is inaccurate, it often happens that the syllable count and the \"on\" count match in Japanese-language haiku. The disjunction between syllables and \"on\" becomes clearer when counting sounds in English-language versions of Japanese poetic forms, such as haiku in English. An English","psg_id":"9542635"},{"title":"Old Japanese","text":"line of the first poem in the \"Kojiki\" was written with five characters: This method of writing Japanese syllables by using characters for their Chinese sounds (\"ongana\") was supplemented with indirect methods in the complex mixed script of the \"Man'yōshū\" (c. 759). In \"man'yōgana\", each Old Japanese syllable was represented by a Chinese character. Although any one of several characters could be used for a given syllable, a careful analysis revealed that 88 syllables were distinguished in the \"Kojiki\": The system has the same gaps of \"yi\" and \"wu\" found in later forms of Japanese. However, many syllables that have","psg_id":"3791757"},{"title":"Haiku in languages other than Japanese","text":"following Haiku by (1995) as an example: Haiku have found a foothold in German poetry since the 1920s, with examples from Rainer Maria Rilke, Franz Blei, Yvan Goll, Peter Altenberg, Alfred Mombert and Arno Holz among others being cited. The collection \"Ihr gelben Chrysanthemen!\" by (Vienna 1939) was published in the 1930s. Also written in the 1930s, haiku by Imma von Bodmershof appeared in book-form in 1962 and were republished in Japan in 1979 as \"Löwenzahn: die auf 17 Silben verkürzten Haiku\". In 1988, Margaret Buerschaper founded the German Haiku Society (Die Deutsche Haiku-Gesellschaft e. V.). Authors in Spain who","psg_id":"17086487"},{"title":"Ulysses (poem)","text":"iambic pentameter is often interrupted by spondees (metrical feet that consist of two long syllables); such laboured language slows the poem (and in other places may cast doubt upon the reliability of Ulysses' utterances): <poem> </poem> Observing their burdensome prosodic effect, the poet Matthew Arnold remarked, \"these three lines by themselves take up nearly as much time as a whole book of the \"Iliad\".\" Many of the poem's clauses carry over into the following line; these enjambments emphasize Ulysses' restlessness and dissatisfaction. The poem's seventy lines of blank verse are presented as a dramatic monologue. Scholars disagree on how Ulysses'","psg_id":"2216522"},{"title":"DeCSS haiku","text":"speech\" and hence should be given the same legal protections as free speech. A number of other activists, in the spirit of civil disobedience, created works of arts containing the infringing code, on the principle that such works are subject to First Amendment principle within the United States. Schoen decided to create a poem, which he did in 2001. At first, Schoen released the poem anonymously, through he has publicly acknowledged its ownership since. The 465-stanza haiku transcodes the DeCSS software, in effect allowing most computer programmers to recreate the DeCSS software from scratch, using the haiku as their only","psg_id":"17985908"},{"title":"Haiku in English","text":"Turtle Light Press. In the UK, the British Haiku Society publishes \"Blithe Spirit\", and the World Haiku Club publishes \"The World Haiku Review\". Another leading haiku magazine in the UK is \"Presence\" (formerly \"Haiku Presence\"), which was edited for many years by Martin Lucas (1962-2014). In Ireland, twenty issues of \"Haiku Spirit\" edited by Jim Norton were published between 1995 and 2000. \"Shamrock\", the online journal of the Irish Haiku Society edited by Anatoly Kudryavitsky, has been publishing international haiku in English since 2007. In Australia, twenty issues of \"Yellow Moon\", a literary magazine for writers of haiku and other","psg_id":"12232131"},{"title":"Haiku in languages other than Japanese","text":"the Arab haiku poets use the three short lines structure, this has not always been considered as a strict rule. Literary critics in the Arab world have not reached an agreement yet whether the haiku poems written by the young poets can be considered a new form of poetry or merely a different name for the (already popular) flash fiction. In July 2015, the \"Poetry Letters Magazine\" acknowledged the Arabic haiku as a distinct form of poetry by publishing, for the first time, haiku poems of 11 Arab poets from Syria, Morocco, Iraq, Jordan, and Tunisia. Haiku in languages other","psg_id":"17086492"},{"title":"Haiku","text":"was an Englishman who lived in Japan. He produced a series of works on Zen, haiku, senryū, and on other forms of Japanese and Asian literature. In 1949, with the publication in Japan of the first volume of \"Haiku\", the four-volume work by Blyth, haiku were introduced to the post-war English-speaking world. This four-volume series (1949–52) described haiku from the pre-modern period up to and including Shiki. Blyth's \"History of Haiku\" (1964) in two volumes is regarded as a classical study of haiku. Today Blyth is best known as a major interpreter of haiku to English speakers. His works have","psg_id":"164926"},{"title":"Haiku Applications","text":"bitmap graphics editor. Haiku Applications Haiku is a free and open-source operating system compatible with the now discontinued BeOS. Haiku applications are usually available as HPKGs; however, unpackaged applications can be installed by using Haiku PackageInstaller for legacy BeOS apps or manually unzipping the install files into one of the non-packaged installation folders. Haiku comes with a set of mostly small yet essential applications. Core applications are an essential part of Haiku, as they serve many different purposes. Haiku also has some 3rd party applications to supplement the core applications. The applications are usually executed by double clicking on the","psg_id":"18511597"},{"title":"Haiku Applications","text":"Haiku Applications Haiku is a free and open-source operating system compatible with the now discontinued BeOS. Haiku applications are usually available as HPKGs; however, unpackaged applications can be installed by using Haiku PackageInstaller for legacy BeOS apps or manually unzipping the install files into one of the non-packaged installation folders. Haiku comes with a set of mostly small yet essential applications. Core applications are an essential part of Haiku, as they serve many different purposes. Haiku also has some 3rd party applications to supplement the core applications. The applications are usually executed by double clicking on the icon. ActivityMonitor is","psg_id":"18511582"},{"title":"Haiku Salut","text":"Haiku Salut Haiku Salut are an instrumental trio from the Derbyshire Dales in England. Their music fuses elements of neoclassical, post rock, folk and electronica. The trio consists of multi-instrumentalists Gemma Barkerwood, Sophie Barkerwood and Louise Croft. Between them, Haiku Salut play accordion, piano, glockenspiel, trumpet, trombone, guitar, ukulele, drums, malletkat, synth and melodica. Their music blends electronica and organic instrumentation. The group was formed in 2010, and their debut four track EP, “How We Got Along After the Yarn Bomb”, was released in 2011 on Team Strike Force records. Their debut album, \"Tricolore\", was released in 2013 on How","psg_id":"17710417"},{"title":"Japanese poetry","text":"single form of poetry. Haiku derives from the earlier hokku. The name was given by Masaoka Shiki (pen-name of Masaoka Noboru, October 14, 1867 – September 19, 1902). Tanka is a name for and a type of poem found in the Heian era poetry anthology \"Man'yōshū\". The name was given new life by Masaoka Shiki (pen-name of Masaoka Noboru, October 14, 1867 – September 19, 1902). Japanese Contemporary Poetry consists of poetic verses of today, mainly after the 1900s. It includes vast styles and genres of prose including experimental, sensual, dramatic, erotic, and many contemporary poets today are female. Japanese","psg_id":"3375839"},{"title":"Fib (poetry)","text":"Fib (poetry) Fib is an experimental Western poetry form, bearing similarities to haiku, but based on the Fibonacci sequence. That is, the typical fib and one version of the contemporary Western haiku both follow a strict structure. The typical fib is a six line, 20 syllable poem with a syllable count by line of 1/1/2/3/5/8 - with as many syllables per line as the line's corresponding place in the Fibonacci sequence; the specific form of contemporary Western haiku uses three (or fewer) lines of no more than 17 syllables in total. The only restriction on a Fib is that the","psg_id":"7535979"},{"title":"Haiku","text":"a phrase in the remaining 12 \"on\" (it may not be apparent from the English translation of the Issa that the first five \"on\" mean \"Edo's rain\"). In comparison with English verse typically characterized by syllabic meter, Japanese verse counts sound units known as \"\"on\"\" or morae. Traditional haiku consist of 17 \"on\", in three phrases of five, seven and five \"on\" respectively. Among contemporary poems \"teikei\" ( fixed form) haiku continue to use the 5-7-5 pattern while \"jiyuritsu\" ( free form) haiku do not. One of the examples below illustrates that traditional haiku masters were not always constrained by","psg_id":"164910"},{"title":"Masaoka Shiki International Haiku Awards","text":"nationality or language. Recipients have a strong interest in haiku and a broad, international outlook in their field. The award is not limited to any field of speciality, so that haiku poets, other poets, authors, researchers, translators, essayists, editors, and workers in all professions are considered equally. Masaoka Shiki International Haiku Awards The Masaoka Shiki International Haiku Awards, named after the founder of modern Japanese haiku, were established on the principles set forth in the Matsuyama Declaration, adopted at the Shimanamikaido '99 Haiku Convention in Matsuyama held in September 1999. The establishment of this award attracts people's attention to Masaoka","psg_id":"16966345"},{"title":"Yonekura Shigetsugu","text":"turning point in Japanese warfare; many cite it as the first \"modern\" Japanese battle. Yonekura Shigetsugu rushed the Takeda flank singlehandedly before he was killed by gunfire. His corpse was later impaled on a pike by Nobunaga's forces. (see Battles of Kawanakajima) Following the battle, Nobunaga continued henceforth until he had effectively established control over all of Japan. Yonekura's death poem is often performed in Noh plays to this day, and is a prime example of the Haiku form in death poems. While death poems did not adopt any prescribed form as far as syllables, tone, and length were concerned","psg_id":"11028252"},{"title":"Haiku in English","text":"Dylan Welch, and Ruth Yarrow. Examples: Pioneering haiku poet Cor van den Heuvel has edited the standard \"Haiku Anthology\" (1st ed., 1974; 2nd ed., 1986; 3rd ed. 1999). Since its most recent edition, another generation of American haiku poets has come to prominence. Among the most widely published and honored of these poets are John Barlow, Cherie Hunter Day, Carolyn Hall, paul m., John Martone, Chad Lee Robinson, Billie Wilson, and Peter Yovu. Newer poets exemplify divergent tendencies, from self-effacing nature-oriented haiku (Allan Burns) to Zen themes perpetuating the concepts of Blyth and Hackett (Stanford M. Forrester), poignant haiku-senryū hybrids","psg_id":"12232122"},{"title":"Haiku","text":"independently, were written in the context of renku. Shiki formally separated his new style of verse from the context of collaborative poetry. Being agnostic, he also separated it from the influence of Buddhism. Further, he discarded the term \"hokku\" and proposed the term \"haiku\" as an abbreviation of the phrase \"\"haikai no ku\"\" meaning a verse of \"haikai\", although the term predates Shiki by some two centuries, when it was used to mean \"any\" verse of haikai. Since then, \"haiku\" has been the term usually applied in both Japanese and English to all independent haiku, irrespective of their date of","psg_id":"164921"},{"title":"On (Japanese prosody)","text":"or \"queue\" is perceived as a single syllable by English speakers). In \"Nippon\" the doubled \"P\" each is pronounced separately; the final \"N\" is also a separate hiragana, so the two English syllables translate to four \"on\". On (Japanese prosody) The term On (rarely \"Onji\") refers to counting phonetic sounds in Japanese poetry. In the Japanese language, the word \"\"on\"\" (音) means \"sound\". It is used to mean the phonetic units counted in haiku, tanka, and other such poetic forms. Known as \"morae\" to English-speaking linguists, the modern Japanese term for the linguistic concept is either \"haku\" () or \"mōra\"","psg_id":"9542638"},{"title":"Haiku in English","text":"Port Townsend, Washington (2005), Winston-Salem, North Carolina (2007), Ottawa (2009), Seattle (2011), Long Beach, California (2013), Schenectady, New York (2015), and Santa Fe, New Mexico (2017), with a return to Winston-Salem in 2019. The American Haiku Archives, the largest public archive of haiku-related material outside Japan, was founded in 1996. It is housed at the California State Library in Sacramento, California, and includes the official archives of the Haiku Society of America, along with significant donations from the libraries of Lorraine Ellis Harr, Jerry Kilbride, Elizabeth Searle Lamb, Francine Porad, Jane Reichhold, and many others. In 2010, Michael Dylan Welch","psg_id":"12232124"},{"title":"Haiku","text":"position within the verse, it may briefly cut the stream of thought, suggesting a parallel between the preceding and following phrases, or it may provide a dignified ending, concluding the verse with a heightened sense of closure. The fundamental aesthetic quality of both hokku and haiku is that it is internally sufficient, independent of context, and will bear consideration as a complete work. The \"kireji\" lends the verse structural support, allowing it to stand as an independent poem. The use of \"kireji\" distinguishes haiku and hokku from second and subsequent verses of renku; which may employ semantic and syntactic disjuncture,","psg_id":"164908"},{"title":"Haiku","text":"known as \"kuhi\" () has been a popular practice for many centuries. The city of Matsuyama has more than two hundred \"kuhi\". The earliest westerner known to have written haiku was the Dutchman Hendrik Doeff (1764–1837), who was the Dutch commissioner in the Dejima trading post in Nagasaki, during the first years of the 19th century. One of his haiku: Although there were further attempts outside Japan to imitate the \"hokku\" in the early 20th century, there was little understanding of its principles. Early Western scholars such as Basil Hall Chamberlain (1850–1935) and William George Aston were mostly dismissive of","psg_id":"164923"},{"title":"Kireji","text":"in translations of such verses into this language, kireji may be represented by punctuation (typically by a dash or an ellipsis), an exclamatory particle (such as 'how...'), or simply left unmarked. The examples below are laid out as follows: Kireji Classical renga developed a tradition of 18 kireji, which were adopted by haikai, thence used for both renku and haiku, the most common of which are listed below: Hokku and haiku consist of 17 Japanese syllables, or on (a phonetic unit identical to the mora), in three metrical phrases of 5, 7, and 5 on respectively. A kireji is typically","psg_id":"12119817"},{"title":"Haiku in English","text":"several \"hokku\" in her book \"What's O'Clock\" (1925; winner of the Pulitzer Prize). Individualistic haiku-like verses by the innovative Buddhist poet and artist Paul Reps (1895–1990) appeared in print as early as 1939 (\"More Power to You—Poems everyone Can Make\", Preview Publications, Montrose CA.). Inspired by R. H. Blyth's translations, other Westerners, including those of the Beat period, such as Gary Snyder, Jack Kerouac, Richard Wright and James W. Hackett, wrote original haiku in English. African-American novelist Richard Wright, in his final years, composed some 4,000 haiku, 817 of which are collected in the volume \"Haiku: This Other World\". Wright","psg_id":"12232117"},{"title":"Summum Bonum (poem)","text":"this eighty-year-old man standing at the edge of a grave thinks that the greatest happiness in life is in 'kissing a girl'.\" Summum Bonum (poem) \"Summum Bonum\" is a poem by Robert Browning. It was published in poet's last book, \"Asolando\" in 1889. It is a short poem or epigram. The title is a Latin phrase that means \"the highest good\". The poem is composed of eight lines. They are not equally long. Some are fifteen syllables long, while others are only six syllables long. The metre is anapaestic. The longer lines are built of five feet: and the shorter","psg_id":"19921920"},{"title":"Haiku in English","text":"and was succeeded by \"Modern Haiku\" in 1969, which remains an important English-language haiku journal. Other early journals included \"Haiku Highlights\" (founded 1965 by European-American writer Jean Calkins and later taken over by the European-American writer Lorraine Ellis Harr who changed the name to \"Dragonfly\"), Eric Amann's \"Haiku\" (founded 1967), and \"Haiku West\" (founded 1967). The first English-language haiku society in America, founded in 1956, was the Writers' Roundtable of Los Altos, California, under the direction of Helen Stiles Chenoweth. The Haiku Society of America was founded in 1968 and began publishing its journal \"Frogpond\" in 1978. Important resources for","psg_id":"12232120"},{"title":"Summum Bonum (poem)","text":"Summum Bonum (poem) \"Summum Bonum\" is a poem by Robert Browning. It was published in poet's last book, \"Asolando\" in 1889. It is a short poem or epigram. The title is a Latin phrase that means \"the highest good\". The poem is composed of eight lines. They are not equally long. Some are fifteen syllables long, while others are only six syllables long. The metre is anapaestic. The longer lines are built of five feet: and the shorter of only two feet: while Browning frequently employs what might be considered cretic substitutions: The lines rhyme according to the scheme ABABBCAC","psg_id":"19921918"},{"title":"Rondel (poem)","text":"the first line is repeated at the end of the final stanza). For instance, if A and B are the refrains, a rondel will have a rhyme scheme of ABba abAB abbaA(B) The meter is open, but typically has eight syllables. There are several variations of the rondel, and some inconsistencies. For example, sometimes only the first line of the poem is repeated at the end, or the second refrain may return at the end of the last stanza. Henry Austin Dobson provides the following example of a rondel: <poem> </poem> Rondel (poem) A rondel is a verse form originating","psg_id":"7621602"},{"title":"Masaoka Shiki International Haiku Awards","text":"Masaoka Shiki International Haiku Awards The Masaoka Shiki International Haiku Awards, named after the founder of modern Japanese haiku, were established on the principles set forth in the Matsuyama Declaration, adopted at the Shimanamikaido '99 Haiku Convention in Matsuyama held in September 1999. The establishment of this award attracts people's attention to Masaoka Shiki as a globally recognized poet and to haiku as a short form of world poetry. The Masaoka Shiki International Haiku Award is awarded to people who have made the most remarkable contribution to the development and the raising awareness of the creativity of haiku regardless of","psg_id":"16966344"},{"title":"Haiku in English","text":"poets and scholars attempting to understand English-language haiku aesthetics and history include William J. Higginson's \"Haiku Handbook\" (McGraw-Hill, 1985) and Lee Gurga's \"Haiku: A Poet's Guide\" (Modern Haiku Press, 2003). Significant contributors to American haiku include Hackett, Virgilio, Charles B. Dickson (1915–1991), Elizabeth Searle Lamb (1917–2005), Raymond Roseliep (1917–1983), Robert Spiess (1921–2002), John Wills (1921–1993), Anita Virgil (b. 1931), and Peggy Willis Lyles (1939–2010). Other major figures still active in the American haiku community include Lee Gurga, Christopher Herold, Gary Hotham, Jim Kacian, Michael McClintock, Marlene Mountain, Marian Olson, Alan Pizzarelli, Alexis Rotella, John Stevenson, George Swede, vincent tripi, Michael","psg_id":"12232121"},{"title":"Haiku in English","text":"founded National Haiku Writing Month, also known as NaHaiWriMo. It has been held in February of each year, starting in 2011, with the objective to write at least one haiku per day all month long—\"the shortest month of the year for the shortest genre of poetry,\" according to Welch. Although the vast majority of haiku published in English are three lines long, variants also occur. The most common variation from the three-line standard is one line, sometimes called a \"monoku\". It emerged from being more than an occasional exception during the late 1970s. The one-line form, based on an analogy","psg_id":"12232125"},{"title":"Haiku in English","text":"and Paul Muldoon in Ireland and Britain) and others have tried their hand at haiku. In 1963 the journal \"American Haiku\" was founded in Platteville, Wisconsin, edited by the European-Americans James Bull and Donald Eulert. Among contributors to the first issue were poets James W. Hackett, O Mabson Southard (1911–2000), and Nick Virgilio. In the second issue of \"American Haiku\" Virgilio published his \"lily\" and \"bass\" haiku, which became models of brevity, breaking down the traditional 5-7-5 syllabic form, and pointing toward the leaner conception of haiku that would take hold in subsequent decades. \"American Haiku\" ended publication in 1968","psg_id":"12232119"},{"title":"Haiku","text":"into \"on\" as, Translated: Hokku is the opening stanza of an orthodox collaborative linked poem, or renga, and of its later derivative, renku (or \"haikai no renga\"). By the time of Matsuo Bashō (1644–1694), the hokku had begun to appear as an independent poem, and was also incorporated in haibun (a combination of prose and hokku), and haiga (a combination of painting with hokku). In the late 19th century, Masaoka Shiki (1867–1902) renamed the standalone hokku to haiku. The latter term is now generally applied retrospectively to all hokku appearing independently of renku or renga, irrespective of when they were","psg_id":"164915"},{"title":"Haiku Applications","text":"a web-streaming app and requires a TV Card to start using it. Once the setup is completed, the user may set different frequencies or view different channels. An IRC (Internet Relay Chat) client for Haiku. WebPositive (also called Web+) is the graphical web browser included with Haiku since version R1A2. The following 3rd party programs are bundled with Haiku. Many more can, however, be installed using the HaikuDepot application. BePDF is a PDF viewer. Pe is an advanced text editor, intended mainly for programming and development purposes. Unlike StyledEdit, it does not work with Haiku's extended attributes. Wonderbrush is a","psg_id":"18511596"},{"title":"Sept haï-kaïs","text":"\"La petite tortue ...\", is only seventeen measures long—the number of syllables in a Japanese haiku. Alexis Roland-Manuel remarked on this \"mélodie\": \"Do not let your modesty make you forget a certain fable by La Fontaine. You hurry slowly, perhaps, but none of your steps are wasted. How many hares envy you!\" The harmony is pricked with fine, expressive dissonances. For the third \"mélodie\", \"Le coq ...\", the instruments \"peck\" the melody with appoggiaturas in a spirit similar to that in Ravel's \"Histoires naturelles\" (1906). According to Andrieu, \"Maurice Delage's composition is simple and refined; the composer stays ever attentive","psg_id":"19527791"},{"title":"Haiku","text":"saint of poetry in Japan, and is the one name from classical Japanese literature that is familiar throughout the world. The next famous style of haikai to arise was that of Yosa Buson (1716–1783) and others such as Kitō, called the Tenmei style after the Tenmei Era (1781–1789) in which it was created. Buson is recognized as one of the greatest masters of haiga (an art form where painting is combined with haiku or haikai prose). His affection for painting can be seen in the painterly style of his haiku. No new popular style followed Buson. However, a very individualistic,","psg_id":"164918"},{"title":"Japanese poetry","text":"by his own haiku poems. Such combination of haiku with painting is known as haiga. Waka underwent a revival, too, in relation to kokugaku, the study of Japanese classics. Kyōka (mad song), a type of satirical waka was also popular. One poetry school of the era was the Danrin school. Hokku renga, or of its later derivative, renku (haikai no renga). From the time of Matsuo Bashō (1644–1694), the hokku began to appear as an independent poem, and was also incorporated in haibun (in combination with prose). Haikai emerged from the renga of the medieval period. Matsuo Bashō was a","psg_id":"3375834"},{"title":"Strugnell's Haiku","text":"the poet's life. The first of Strugnell's \"Three Haiku\" is a eulogy to cherry blossom, which the poet thinks \"looks really nice\". In the second haiku, the poet laments his imminent baldness, comparing it to the seasonal fallen leaves and snow. In the last haiku, describing a November evening, the poet notes that \"the pubs are open\". Matthews's settings of the first two haiku are essentially pentatonic in melody and harmony. The first haiku is marked by Matthews as \"with fervour, but soon becoming gentle and introspective\"; the second as \"delicate: like porcelain.\" In the second haiku the time signature","psg_id":"19349479"},{"title":"How Many Miles to Babylon? (novel)","text":"and careful description\" to depict the chaotic environment created by war. The novel also includes small abstracts from poetry and songs. The title of the novel is derived from a traditional nursery Rhyme, How Many Miles to Babylon?: <poem> </poem> When re-reviewing the novel in 2011, Philip Womack described the novel as \"slim but emotionally hefty.\" For Womack, it's a poignant retelling of how the First World War erased lines of class, and its emotional toil: \"Johnston's novel conveys both the insanity of war and the poignancy of unspoken tenderness.\" In 1982 it was adapted for television by the BBC,","psg_id":"10237600"},{"title":"Haiku Vector Icon Format","text":"He stated that there was no guideline that had to be followed and suggested 1 September as deadline. 16 icon sets were rated in the contest, and Aßmus' icon set \"Stippi\" received the award. In early November it was also announced that Stephan Aßmus implemented vector icons in OpenTracker. HVIF icons of Stippi set are used in current Haiku releases and builds. Aimed at fast rendering and small file sizes, HVIF brings the following approaches: Haiku Vector Icon Format Haiku Vector Icon Format (HVIF) is a vector storage format designed to store icons, specifically for Haiku. Haiku developers commonly agreed","psg_id":"15205712"},{"title":"Japanese people in Spain","text":"a part of the association. In Barcelona there is also a Go club, a Haiku club, an association of Japanese language teachers, an association of the alumni of the Japanese complementary school, a golf club, and a Hispano-Japanese association. In addition to the Japanese consulate, in Las Palmas there was the \"Casa de Japan\" (日本船員保険福祉会館 \"Nihon Sen'in Hoken Fukushi Kaikan\") and a Japanese association. The \"Casa\" opened in 1967 in Monte Lentiscal and its annex opened in October 1973. The main building closed in June 1981 and the annex closed in December 1985. From 1971 to 1981 there were Japanese","psg_id":"12189048"},{"title":"Japanese poetry","text":"are a short, 3-line verse form, which have achieved significant global popularity, and the haiku form has been adapted from Japanese into other languages. Typical of the haiku form is the metrical pattern of 3 lines with a distribution of 5, 7, and 5 \"on\" (also known as morae) within those lines. Other features include the juxtaposition of two images or ideas with a \"kireji\" (\"cutting word\") between them, and a \"kigo\", or seasonal reference, usually drawn from a \"saijiki\", or traditional list of such words. Much of Japanese poetry has been transmitted historically through published anthologies, many of them","psg_id":"3375798"},{"title":"Haiku in English","text":"the one-line form can create a variety of ambiguities involving the perceived placement of cuts and the grammatical status of individual words, thereby allowing for multiple readings of the same haiku. A variation of the format breaks the line at the \"caesura\" or pause. At its most minimal, a single word may occasionally be claimed to be a haiku: The first was printed alone on an otherwise blank page and arguably only \"works\" in that context. The second example is an allusion to the first and also depends on its placement at the center of a haiku collection. Haiku of","psg_id":"12232127"},{"title":"Haiku in English","text":"hewed to a 5-7-5 syllabic structure for most of these pieces. In 1966 Helen Stiles Chenoweth compiled \"Borrowed Water\", an early anthology of American haiku featuring the work by the Los Altos Roundtable. The experimental work of Beat and minority haiku poets expanded the popularity of haiku in English. Despite claims that haiku has not had much impact on the literary scene, a number of mainstream poets, such as W. H. Auden, Richard Wilbur, James Merrill, Etheridge Knight, William Stafford, W. S. Merwin, John Ashbery, Donald Hall, Ruth Stone, Sonia Sanchez, Billy Collins, (as well as Seamus Heaney, Wendy Cope,","psg_id":"12232118"},{"title":"Haiku Depot","text":"comments. It also helped with evaluating the stability of packages and assigning them to respective repositories. A small group of developers was formed to tackle the task of designing and implementing the web application.<ref name=https://www.haiku-os.org/blog/bonefish/2013-09-28_package_management_goes_live Haiku Depot Haiku Depot is the native package manager for the Haiku operating system which was integrated into Haiku after its \"R1A4\" release. Most applications on Haiku now run from their packages but are virtualised as virtual directories on the Be file system. Haiku Depot is the GUI Package Manager for Haiku. It can be compared with Ubuntu Software Center, or similar software repositories. It","psg_id":"18446759"},{"title":"Haiku (operating system)","text":"as \"kits\"), included: A few kits have been deemed feature complete and the rest are in various stages of development. The Haiku kernel is a modular hybrid kernel and a fork of NewOS, a modular kernel written by former Be Inc. engineer Travis Geiselbrecht. Like the rest of the system, it is currently still under heavy development. Many features have been implemented, including a virtual file system (VFS) layer and rudimentary symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) support. , Haiku includes a package management system called \"Haiku Depot,\" enabling software to be compiled into dependency tracking compressed packages. Packages can also be activated","psg_id":"2874693"},{"title":"Haiku d'Etat","text":"Haiku d'Etat Haiku D'Etat is a super group rap trio featuring Aceyalone and Myka 9 of Freestyle Fellowship and Abstract Rude of Abstract Tribe Unique. All three members are heavily affiliated with Project Blowed, Aceyalone and Abstract Rude being co-founders. The name \"Haiku D'Etat\" is a portmanteau of haiku and coup d'état, meaning something akin to a musical revolution or a \"poetic takeover\" as one of their songs puts it. Haiku D'Etat released their first album \"Haiku D'Etat\" in 1999. It features San Francisco Bay Area live musicians such as David Boyce on saxophone, Emerson Cardenas on bass, Michael Cavaseno","psg_id":"8918145"},{"title":"Haiku Depot","text":"Haiku Depot Haiku Depot is the native package manager for the Haiku operating system which was integrated into Haiku after its \"R1A4\" release. Most applications on Haiku now run from their packages but are virtualised as virtual directories on the Be file system. Haiku Depot is the GUI Package Manager for Haiku. It can be compared with Ubuntu Software Center, or similar software repositories. It makes it possible for the user to manage repositories, list and search available packages and pull out additional information regarding the packages. The additional information consists of screenshots, user ratings and translated package information such","psg_id":"18446756"},{"title":"Volta (literature)","text":"or turning, which often occurs through a pivot word—a word that causes the poem to change directions. This is discussed in Lee Gurga's \"Haiku: A Poet's Guide\". Betty Drevniok describes the haiku's turn in \"Aware: A Haiku Primer\" by explaining that haiku must be written using the principles of comparison, contrast, or association. She says, \"This technique provides the pivot on which the reader's thought turns and expands.\" The sijo, a Korean poem of 43 to 45 syllables, traditionally contains a turn in the third line which moves away from the theme developed in the first two lines. A turn","psg_id":"9257843"},{"title":"Haiku","text":"Mexican poet José Juan Tablada is credited with popularising haiku in his country, reinforced by the publication of two collections composed entirely in that form: \"Un dia\" (1919), and \"El jarro de flores\" (1922). In the introduction to the latter, Tablada noted that two young Mexicans, Rafael Lozano and Carlos Gutiérrez Cruz, had also begun writing them. They were followed soon after by Carlos Pellicer, Xavier Villaurrutia, and by Jaime Torres Bodet in his collection \"Biombo\" (1925). Much later, Octavio Paz included many haiku in \"Piedras Sueltas\" (1955). Elsewhere the Ecuadorian poet and diplomat Jorge Carrera Andrade included haiku among","psg_id":"164933"},{"title":"Haiku Applications","text":"files will be stored. HaikuDepot is the native package manager for the Haiku operating system which was integrated into Haiku after its R1A4 release. Most applications on Haiku now run from their packages but are virtualised as virtual directories on the Be File System. Installer is a System Installer tool that is used to install Haiku to a partition. It makes it possible for the user to copy Haiku onto another volume. The installer needs a prepared partition. Haiku can also be added manually but using Installer is preferred over that because adding it manually is harder than using the","psg_id":"18511589"},{"title":"Kenneth Yasuda","text":"Haiku in English being as popular as with its Japanese audience. In Yasuda's haiku theory the intent of the haiku is contained in the concept of a \"haiku moment,\" 'that moment of absolute intensity when the poet's grasp of his intuition is complete so that the image lives its own life', (seventeen syllables corresponding to that 'moment', divided into three lines within 'one breath length' ). This notion of the haiku moment has been defined as 'an aesthetic moment' a timeless feeling of enlightened harmony as a poet's nature and environment are unified'The passing momentary experience that comes alive through","psg_id":"11579723"},{"title":"Haiku","text":"hokku's poetic value. One of the first advocates of English-language hokku was the Japanese poet Yone Noguchi. In \"A Proposal to American Poets,\" published in the \"Reader\" magazine in February 1904, Noguchi gave a brief outline of the hokku and some of his own English efforts, ending with the exhortation, \"Pray, you try Japanese Hokku, my American poets!\" At about the same time the poet Sadakichi Hartmann was publishing original English-language hokku, as well as other Japanese forms in both English and French. In France, haiku was introduced by Paul-Louis Couchoud around 1906. Couchoud's articles were read by early Imagist","psg_id":"164924"},{"title":"Haiku Stairs","text":"Haiku Stairs The Haikū Stairs, also known as the Stairway to Heaven or Haikū Ladder, is a steep hiking trail on the island of Oahu, Hawaii. The total 3,922 steps span along Oahu's Ko'olau mountain range. \"Haiku\" does not refer to the Japanese poetry genre. The area is named \"Haikū\" after the Kahili flower. In 1942, contractors for the U.S. Navy began construction of the Haʻikū Radio Station, a top secret facility that was to be used to transmit radio signals to Navy ships that were then operating throughout the Pacific. In order to obtain the necessary height for the","psg_id":"5521561"},{"title":"Haiku","text":"matter. The loosening of traditional standards has resulted in the term \"haiku\" being applied to brief English-language poems such as \"mathemaku\" and other kinds of pseudohaiku. Some sources claim that this is justified by the blurring of definitional boundaries in Japan. Subsequent to Paul-Louis Couchoud’s popularisation of the form in France through his essays and translations, the next major haiku collection to appear there was the sequence of war poems by , \"Cent visions de guerre\" (1916). Later haiku by him were included among the work of the twelve published together in the \"Nouvelle Revue Française\" (No. 84, September 1920),","psg_id":"164931"},{"title":"David Bader (writer)","text":"Judaism, we offer you this gem: 'If there is no self, whose arthritis is this?') David Bader (writer) David M. Bader is the author of such works as \"The Book of Murray: The Life, Teachings, and Kvetching of the Lost Prophet\" (Harmony Books, 2010),\" \"Haiku U.: From Aristotle to Zola, Great Books in 17 Syllables\" (Gotham Books, 2004) \"Haikus for Jews: For You a Little Wisdom\" (Harmony Books, 1999), \"\" (Harmony Books, 2002) and \"Haiku U.: From Aristotle to Zola, Great Books in 17 Syllables\" (Gotham Books, 2004). He also wrote \"How to Be an Extremely Reform Jew\" (Avon Books,","psg_id":"6021313"},{"title":"Haiku (operating system)","text":"milestone with the release of Haiku R1/Alpha 1. Then in November, 2012 the R1/Alpha 4.1 was released, while work continued on nightly builds. On September 28, 2018, the Haiku OS R1/Beta 1 was released. Haiku is written in C++ and provides an object-oriented API. The modular design of BeOS allowed individual components of Haiku to initially be developed in teams in relative isolation, in many cases developing them as replacements for the BeOS components prior to the completion of other parts of the operating system. The original teams developing these components, including both servers and APIs (collectively known in Haiku","psg_id":"2874692"},{"title":"Japanese hip hop","text":"ends phrases in auxiliary verbs. Whereas English ends in verbs or nouns, which are extremely common, Japanese rappers were limited by the small number of grammatically correct possibilities for ending a phrase. Japanese also lacks the stresses on certain syllables that provide flow to English rapping. Even traditional Japanese poetry was based on the numbers of syllables present, unlike English poetry, which was based on the stresses in a line. Most Japanese lyrical music was also formulated using textual repetition, not relying on the flow of the words. The Japanese also have many ways of indicating class distinctions. English is","psg_id":"1315731"},{"title":"Estonian haiku","text":"Beetle Swallow\" was published in Ireland in 2005. Estonian poets Arvo Mets and Felix Tammi wrote haiku in Russian. Asko Künnap is credited as the inventor of Estonian haiku. The first collection of Estonian haiku was published in 2010: \"Estonian Haiku\" by poets Asko Künnap, Jürgen Rooste, and Karl Martin Sinijärv. An Estonian-language haiku competition was organized at the 2011 Helsinki Book Fair where Estonia was the guest of honor. A selection of Estonian haiku has been published by the Estonian Writers' Union's magazine \"Looming\" (\"Creation\"). Estonian haiku have been actively translated into Finnish. Estonian haiku Estonian haiku () is","psg_id":"16861147"},{"title":"Haiku PackageInstaller","text":"Haiku PackageInstaller Haiku's Package Installer is a software installer for BeOS packages in PKG format. It provides an easy-to-use GUI that helps in fast package installation in Haiku. Haiku is a free and open-source operating system compatible with the now discontinued BeOS. It is normally launched when the user double clicks any supported file. No settings are required for the Package Installer. Haiku's Participation in Google Summer Of Code 2007 brought good results. One of the tasks assigned was the creation of an installer for .PKG files, which would serve Haiku as a replacement for the old SoftwareValet application.<ref name=http://www.beosnews.com/2007/04/26/softwarevalet-replacement-in-progress/","psg_id":"18440152"},{"title":"Haiku (operating system)","text":"by installing them from remote repositories with pkgman, or dropping them over a special \"packages\" directory. Haiku package management mounts activated packages over a read only system directory. The Haiku package management system performs dependency solving with libsolv from the openSUSE project. Haiku R1 aims to be compatible with BeOS at both the source and binary level, allowing software written and compiled for BeOS to be compiled and run without modification on Haiku. This provides Haiku users with an instant library of applications to choose from (even programs whose developers are no longer in business or have no interest in","psg_id":"2874694"},{"title":"Japanese poetry","text":"revived those forms. The words \"haiku\" and \"tanka\" were both coined by Shiki. They laid the basis for development of this poetry in the modern world. They introduced new motifs, rejected some old authorities in this field, recovered forgotten classics, and published magazines to express their opinions and lead their disciples. This magazine-based activity by leading poets is a major feature of Japanese poetry even today. Some poets, including Yosano Akiko, Ishikawa Takuboku, Hagiwara Sakutarō wrote in many styles: they used both traditional forms like waka and haiku and \"new style\" forms. Most Japanese poets, however, generally write in a","psg_id":"3375838"},{"title":"Japanese poetry","text":"poetry: The largest anthology of haiku in Japanese is the 12-volume Bunruihaiku-zenshū (Classified Collection of Haiku) compiled by Masaoka Shiki, completed after his death, which collected haiku by seasonal theme and sub-theme. It includes work dating back to the 15th century. The largest collection of haiku translated into English on any single subject is \"Cherry Blossom Epiphany\" by Robin D. Gill, which contains some 3,000 Japanese haiku on the subject of the cherry blossom.< Gill, Robin D. \"Cherry Blossom Epiphany\", Paraverse Press, 2007 > H. Mack Horton's translation of the 16th-century \"Journal of Sōchō\", by a pre-eminent renga poet of","psg_id":"3375846"},{"title":"Haiku-Pauwela, Hawaii","text":"Haiku-Pauwela, Hawaii Haiku-Pauwela is a census-designated place (CDP) in Maui County, Hawaii, United States. The population was 8,118 at the 2010 census. Haiku-Pauwela is located at (20.920528, -156.312631). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which is land and , or 17.67%, is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 6,578 people, 2,310 households, and 1,524 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 417.5 people per square mile (161.2/km²). There were 2,454 housing units at an average density of 155.8 per square mile (60.1/km²). The racial makeup","psg_id":"1042311"},{"title":"Utamakura","text":"of the poems, entering the locale of a poem or story deepened one's understanding of it. \"Utamakura\" was also used in \"renga\", a form of Japanese collaborative poetry that is the ancestor of \"renku\" and \"haiku\" poetry. There are numerous instances of \"utamakura\" in Japanese literature, one of which is the \"Kokinshū\". The source of this particular \"utamakura\" example is poem #3 in the \"Spring\" section. In the poem above, \"Yoshino\" refers to a place in the Yamato region in the vicinity of the capital. \"Yoshino\" is known for having both heavy snowfall and an abundance of cherry blossoms. Poem","psg_id":"2720995"},{"title":"Culture of Asia","text":"the form of a novel. Early-Modern Japanese literature (17th–19th centuries) developed comparable innovations such as haiku, a form of Japanese poetry that evolved from the ancient \"hokku\" (Japanese language: 発句) mode. Haiku consists of three lines: the first and third lines each have five \"morae\" (the rough phonological equivalent of syllables), while the second has seven. Original haiku masters included such figures as Edo period poet Matsuo Bashō (松尾芭蕉); others influenced by Bashō include Kobayashi Issa and Masaoka Shiki. Korean literature begins in the Three Kingdoms Period, and continues through the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties to the modern day. Examples","psg_id":"4917958"},{"title":"Arts by region","text":"build from stone, but the jungles and forests might overgrow the buildings, as in Angkor Wat. Early-Modern Japanese literature (17th–19th centuries) developed innovations such as haiku, a form of Japanese poetry that evolved from the ancient \"hokku\" (Japanese language: 発句) mode. Haiku consists of three lines: the first and third lines each have five \"morae\" (the rough phonological equivalent of syllables), while the second has seven. Original haiku masters included such figures as Edo period poet Matsuo Bashō (松尾芭蕉); others influenced by Bashō include Kobayashi Issa and Masaoka Shiki. In Punjab, India, bhangra is popular. In all countries in Southeast","psg_id":"8347925"},{"title":"The Cloud (poem)","text":"The Cloud (poem) \"The Cloud\" is a major 1820 poem written by Percy Bysshe Shelley. \"The Cloud\" was written during late 1819 or early 1820, and submitted for publication on 12 July 1820. The work was published in the 1820 collection \"Prometheus Unbound, A Lyrical Drama, in Four Acts, With Other Poems\" by Charles and James Ollier in London in August 1820. The work was proof-read by John Gisborne. There were multiple drafts of the poem. The poem consists of six stanzas in anapestic or antidactylus meter, a foot with two unaccented syllables followed by an accented syllable. The cloud","psg_id":"15863637"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku\",\n \"text\": \"such as \\\"kyo\\\" () may look like two syllables to English speakers but are in fact a single \\\"on\\\" (as well as a single syllable) in Japanese. In 1973, the Haiku Society of America noted that the norm for writers of haiku in English was to use 17 syllables, but they also noted a trend toward shorter haiku. Shorter haiku are very much more common in 21st century English haiku writing. Some translators of Japanese poetry have noted that about 12 syllables in English approximate the duration of 17 Japanese \\\"on\\\". Also in translations four lines is more appropriate for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"164912\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Estonian haiku\",\n \"text\": \"Estonian haiku Estonian haiku () is a short poem in Estonian language which has adopted the form and style of the original Japanese haiku. Estonian haiku was first introduced in 2009. The so-called \\\"Estonian haiku\\\" is shorter than the Japanese one; the syllable count in Japanese haiku is 5+7+5, while Estonian haiku also goes in three lines but only comprises 4+6+4 syllables. Estonian authors claim that this is a distinctively Estonian form. Traditional haiku have been developed in Estonia since 1960s. Andres Ehin (1940–2011) was the most prominent Estonian-language haiku writer of the 20th century; his bilingual English-Estonian collection \\\"Moose\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16861146\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku in languages other than Japanese\",\n \"text\": \"2009. The so-called \\\"Estonian haiku\\\" is shorter than a Japanese one; the syllable count in Japanese haiku is 5+7+5, while Estonian haiku also goes in three lines but only comprises 4+6+4 syllables. Estonian authors claim that this is a distinctively Estonian form. Asko Künnap is credited as the inventor of Estonian haiku. The first collection of Estonian haiku was published in 2010: \\\"Estonian Haiku\\\" by poets Asko Künnap, Jürgen Rooste, and Karl Martin Sinijärv. An Estonian-language haiku competition was organized at the 2011 Helsinki Book Fair where Estonia was the guest of honor. A selection of Estonian haiku has been\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17086490\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku in English\",\n \"text\": \"Haiku in English A haiku in English is a very short poem in the English language, following to a greater or lesser extent the form and style of the Japanese haiku. A typical haiku is a three-line observation about a fleeting moment involving nature. The first haiku written in English date from the early 20th century, influenced by English translations of traditional Japanese haiku, and the form has grown in popularity ever since. Many well-known English-language poets have written some haiku, though—perhaps because of their brevity—they are not often considered an important part of their work. Haiku has also proven\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12232115\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku\",\n \"text\": \"the 17 \\\"on\\\" of a traditional Japanese haiku. Because the normal modes of English poetry depend on accentual meter rather than on syllabics, Henderson chose to emphasize the order of events and images in the originals. Nevertheless, many of Henderson's translations were in the five-seven-five pattern. The first haiku written in English was arguably by Ezra Pound, \\\"In a Station of the Metro\\\", published in 1913. Since then, the haiku has become a fairly popular form among English-speaking poets. English haiku can follow the traditional Japanese rules, but are frequently less strict, particularly concerning the number of syllables and subject\",\n \"psg_id\": \"164930\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku in English\",\n \"text\": \"with the one-line vertical column in which Japanese haiku are often printed, was lent legitimacy principally by three people: The single-line haiku usually contains fewer than seventeen syllables. A caesura (pause) may be appropriate, dictated by sense or speech rhythm (following the traditional Japanese tradition of a break, marked by the Kireji), and usually little or no punctuation. This form was used by John Wills and, more recently, has been practiced by poets such as M. Kettner, Janice Bostok, Jim Kacian, Chris Gordon, Scott Metz, Stuart Quine, John Barlow, and many others. As the last two examples in particular illustrate,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12232126\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku in English\",\n \"text\": \"popular in English-language schools as a way to encourage the appreciation and writing of poetry. \\\"Haiku\\\" is a term sometimes loosely applied to any short, impressionistic poem, but there are certain characteristics that are commonly associated with the genre: Some additional traits are especially associated with English-language haiku (as opposed to Japanese-language haiku): Arguably, the first successful haiku in English was \\\"In a Station of the Metro\\\" by Ezra Pound, published in 1913. During the Imagist period, a number of mainstream poets, including Pound, wrote what they called \\\"hokku\\\", usually in a five-six-four syllable pattern. American poet Amy Lowell published\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12232116\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku in English\",\n \"text\": \"circular form (sometimes known as \\\"cirku\\\") whereby the poem has no fixed start or end point. In the \\\"zip\\\" form developed by John Carley, a haiku of 15 syllables is presented over two lines, each of which contains one internal caesura represented by a double space. A fixed-form 5-3-5 syllable (or 3-5-3 word) haiku is sometimes known as a \\\"lune\\\". The leading English-language haiku journals published in the U.S. include \\\"Modern Haiku\\\", \\\"Frogpond\\\" (published by the Haiku Society of America), \\\"Mayfly\\\" (founded by Randy and Shirley Brooks in 1986), \\\"Acorn\\\" (founded by A. C. Missias in 1998), \\\"Bottle Rockets\\\" (founded\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12232129\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku\",\n \"text\": \"in non-Japanese haiku or by modern writers of Japanese \\\"free-form\\\" haiku. The best-known Japanese haiku is Bashō's \\\"old pond\\\": This separates into \\\"on\\\" as: Translated: Another haiku by Bashō: This separates into \\\"on\\\" as: Translated: This haiku by Bashō illustrates that he was not always constrained to a 5-7-5 \\\"on\\\" pattern. It contains 18 \\\"on\\\" in the pattern 6-7-5 (\\\"ō\\\" or is treated as two \\\"on\\\".) This separates into \\\"on\\\" as: Translated: This haiku by Issa illustrates that 17 Japanese \\\"on\\\" do not always equate to 17 English syllables (\\\"nan\\\" counts as two \\\"on\\\" and \\\"nonda\\\" as three.) This separates\",\n \"psg_id\": \"164914\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Japanese New Year\",\n \"text\": \"happiness all around. The amount of money given depends on the age of the child but is usually the same if there is more than one child so that no one feels slighted. It is not uncommon for amounts greater than ¥5,000 (approximately US$50) to be given. The New Year traditions are also a part of Japanese poetry, including haiku (poems with 17 syllables, in three lines of five, seven and five) and renga (linked poetry). All of the traditions above would be appropriate to include in haiku as \\\"kigo\\\" (season words). There are also haiku that celebrate many of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1310310\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku in languages other than Japanese\",\n \"text\": \"have written haiku in Spanish include Federico García Lorca, Antonio Machado, Juan Ramón Jiménez and Luis Cernuda. Many other writers across Latin America, including Jorge Luis Borges, have also used the form. A translation of Bashō's \\\"Oku no Hosomichi\\\" to Spanish was done in 1957 by the Mexican poet and Nobel Prize winner Octavio Paz in collaboration with Japanese diplomat Eikichi Hayashiya. In Italy, the national haiku association was founded in Rome in 1987 by Sono Uchida, the well-known Japanese haijin and the ambassador of Japan in Vatican. Soon after, the national association called Italian Friends of the haiku (Associazione\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17086488\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku in languages other than Japanese\",\n \"text\": \"published by the Estonian Writers' Union's magazine \\\"Looming\\\" (\\\"Creation\\\"). Estonian haiku have been actively translated into Finnish. Jhinabhai Desai introduced Haiku in Gujarati literature and popularized it. \\\"Soneri Chand Rooperi Suraj\\\" (1967) is the collection of 359 haiku and six Tanka poems. \\\"Kevalveej\\\" (1984) and \\\"Sunrise on the Snowpeaks\\\" are his other haiku collections. Dhiru Parikh published Haiku collection titled \\\"Aagiya\\\" in 1982. Haiku poetry is a relatively new practice in the Arabic literature. It wasn't until 2010 when the first book was published by a Syrian writer Muhammad Adimah containing 1000 haiku translated from Japanese directly. Although most of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17086491\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku in languages other than Japanese\",\n \"text\": \"Haiku in languages other than Japanese The Japanese haiku has been adopted in various languages other than Japanese. The imagist poets Ezra Pound and Amy Lowell wrote what they called hokku. Their followers were the Buddhist poet Paul Reps and the Beat poets, including Jack Kerouac. The first English-language haiku magazine was \\\"American Haiku\\\" (1963-1968). French poets who have written haiku in French include Paul-Louis Couchoud (1905), Paul Claudel (1942), Seegan Mabesoone and Nicolas Grenier. (2002) considers that haiku in French, due to the less rhythmic nature of the French language, often include alliterations or discrete rhymes, and cites the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17086486\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku\",\n \"text\": \"Anthology of Poems and Poets from Bashô to Shiki\\\" by Harold G. Henderson was published by Doubleday Anchor Books. This book was a revision of Henderson's earlier book titled \\\"The Bamboo Broom\\\" (Houghton Mifflin, 1934). After World War II, Henderson and Blyth worked for the American Occupation in Japan and for the Imperial Household, respectively, and their shared appreciation of haiku helped form a bond between the two. Henderson translated every hokku and haiku into a rhymed tercet (a-b-a), whereas the Japanese originals never used rhyme. Unlike Yasuda, however, he recognized that 17 syllables in English are generally longer than\",\n \"psg_id\": \"164929\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Miles to Babylon?\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Miles to Babylon? \\\"How Many Miles to Babylon\\\" is an English language nursery rhyme. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 8148. The accepted modern lyrics are: <poem>How many miles to Babylon? Three score miles and ten. Can I get there by candle-light? Yes, and back again.. If your heels are nimble and your toes are light, You may get there by candle-light.</poem> A longer Scottish version has the lyrics: <poem>King and Queen of Cantelon, How many miles to Babylon? Eight and eight, and other eight. Will I get there by candle-light? If your horse be\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13231793\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku\",\n \"text\": \"composition. Shiki's revisionism dealt a severe blow to renku and surviving haikai schools. The term \\\"hokku\\\" is now used chiefly in its original sense of the opening verse of a renku, and rarely to distinguish haiku written before Shiki's time. Haibun is a combination of prose and haiku, often autobiographical or written in the form of a travel journal. Haiga is a style of Japanese painting based on the aesthetics of haikai, and usually including a haiku. Today, haiga artists combine haiku with paintings, photographs and other art. The carving of famous haiku on natural stone to make poem monuments\",\n \"psg_id\": \"164922\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Death poem\",\n \"text\": \"waka. Sometimes they are written in the three-line, seventeen-syllable haiku form, although the most common type of death poem (called a \\\"jisei\\\" 辞世) is in the waka form called the tanka (also called a \\\"jisei-ei\\\" 辞世詠) which consists of five lines totaling 31 syllables (5-7-5-7-7)—a form that constitutes over half of surviving death poems.(Ogiu, 317-318). Poetry has long been a core part of Japanese tradition. Death poems are typically graceful, natural, and emotionally neutral, in accordance with the teachings of Buddhism and Shinto. Excepting the earliest works of this tradition, it has been considered inappropriate to mention death explicitly; rather,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3195079\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku\",\n \"text\": \"the 5-7-5 pattern. Although the word \\\"\\\"on\\\"\\\" is sometimes translated as \\\"syllable\\\", one \\\"on\\\" is counted for a short syllable, two for an elongated vowel or doubled consonant, and one for an \\\"n\\\" at the end of a syllable. Thus, the word \\\"haibun\\\", though counted as two syllables in English, is counted as four \\\"on\\\" in Japanese (ha-i-bu-n); and the word \\\"\\\"on\\\"\\\" itself, which English-speakers would view as a single syllable, comprises two \\\"on\\\": the short vowel o and the . This is illustrated by the Issa haiku below, which contains 17 \\\"on\\\" but only 15 syllables. Conversely, some sounds,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"164911\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku\",\n \"text\": \"Haiku In Japanese, haiku are traditionally printed in a single vertical line while haiku in English often appear in three lines to parallel the three phrases of Japanese haiku. Previously called \\\"hokku\\\", haiku was given its current name by the Japanese writer Masaoka Shiki at the end of the 19th century. In Japanese haiku a \\\"kireji\\\", or cutting word, typically appears at the end of one of the verse's three phrases. A \\\"kireji\\\" fills a role somewhat analogous to a \\\"caesura\\\" in classical western poetry or to a volta in sonnets. Depending on which cutting word is chosen, and its\",\n \"psg_id\": \"164907\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku\",\n \"text\": \"South Asia, some other poets also write Haiku from time to time, most notably including the Pakistani poet Omer Tarin, who is also active in the movement for global nuclear disarmament and some of his 'Hiroshima Haiku' have been read at various peace conferences in Japan and the UK. Haiku In Japanese, haiku are traditionally printed in a single vertical line while haiku in English often appear in three lines to parallel the three phrases of Japanese haiku. Previously called \\\"hokku\\\", haiku was given its current name by the Japanese writer Masaoka Shiki at the end of the 19th century.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"164936\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku in English\",\n \"text\": \"popular haiku writer. In February 2008, the World Haiku Festival was held in Bangalore, gathering \\\"haijin\\\" from all over India and Bangladesh, as well as a few from Europe and the United States. In South Asia, some other poets also write Haiku from time to time, most notably including the Pakistani poet Omer Tarin, who is also active in the movement for global nuclear disarmament and some of his 'Hiroshima Haiku' have been read at various peace conferences in Japan, the UK and other countries. Haiku in English A haiku in English is a very short poem in the English\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12232133\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Murō Saisei\",\n \"text\": \"his life. In 1902, he left Kanazawa High Elementary school (equivalent to junior high school today) and started working as a clerk at the Kanazawa Regional Court. His bosses included Haiku-readers such as Kawagoe Bukotsu (河越風骨) and Akakura Kinpu (赤倉錦風) who taught him how to read/compose haiku. After numerous applications to local newspapers, his haiku was first published on October 8, 1904 in Hokkoku Shimbun. Then he used pseudonym of \\\"Terifumi\\\" (照文). Eventually, he also started writing poems and tanka (a Japanese poem of thirty‐one syllables). He started to use his pen name - Saisei - in 1906. The name\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11806893\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku in English\",\n \"text\": \"verse, were published between 1997 and 2006 (issues 1-8 were edited by Patricia Kelsall; issues 9-20 by Beverley George). Nowadays \\\"Paper Wasp\\\" is published in Australia, \\\"Kokako\\\" in New Zealand and \\\"Chrysanthemum\\\" (bilingual German/English) in Germany and Austria. Two other online English-language haiku journals founded outside North America, \\\"A Hundred Gourds\\\" and \\\"Notes from the Gean\\\", are now defunct. John Barlow's Snapshot Press is a notable UK-based publisher of haiku books. In the early 20th century, Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore composed haiku in Bengali. He also translated some from Japanese. In Gujarati, Jhinabhai Desai 'Sneharashmi' popularized haiku and remained a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12232132\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku\",\n \"text\": \"third lines end-rhymed. Yasuda considered that haiku translated into English should utilize all of the poetic resources of the language. Yasuda's theory also includes the concept of a \\\"haiku moment\\\" based in personal experience, and provides the motive for writing a haiku (' an aesthestic moment' of a timeless feeling of enlightened harmony as the poet's nature and the environment are unified'). This notion of the haiku moment has resonated with haiku writers in English, even though the notion is not widely promoted in Japanese haiku.(See however, 'Shiki's Haiku Moments for Us Today' In 1958, \\\"An Introduction to Haiku: An\",\n \"psg_id\": \"164928\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku\",\n \"text\": \"stimulated the writing of haiku in English. The Japanese-American scholar and translator Kenneth Yasuda published \\\"The Japanese Haiku: Its Essential Nature, History, and Possibilities in English, with Selected Examples\\\" in 1957. The book includes both translations from Japanese and original poems of his own in English, which had previously appeared in his book titled \\\"A Pepper-Pod: Classic Japanese Poems together with Original Haiku\\\". In these books Yasuda presented a critical theory about haiku, to which he added comments on haiku poetry by early 20th-century poets and critics. His translations apply a 5–7–5 syllable count in English, with the first and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"164927\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku\",\n \"text\": \"Japanese masters and American and Canadian contemporary haiku authors. The former president of the European Council, Herman Van Rompuy, is a \\\"haijin\\\" (, haiku poets) and known as \\\"Haiku Herman.\\\" He published a book of haiku in April 2010. In the early 20th century, Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore composed haiku in Bengali. He also translated some from Japanese. In Gujarati, Jhinabhai Desai 'Sneharashmi' popularized haiku and remained a popular haiku writer. In February 2008, the World Haiku Festival was held in Bangalore, gathering \\\"haijin\\\" from all over India and Bangladesh, as well as from Europe and the United States. In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"164935\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku\",\n \"text\": \"the colloquialism of the language and is closest to natural conversational rhythm, necessary to carry the weight of the hokku A haiku traditionally contains a \\\"kigo\\\", a word or phrase that symbolizes or implies the season of the poem and which is drawn from a \\\"saijiki\\\", an extensive but prescriptive list of such words. Kigo are often in the form of metonyms and can be difficult for those who lack Japanese cultural references to spot. The Bashō examples below include \\\"kawazu\\\", \\\"frog\\\" implying spring, and \\\"shigure\\\", a rain shower in late autumn or early winter. Kigo are not always included\",\n \"psg_id\": \"164913\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku in English\",\n \"text\": \"four lines (sometimes known as \\\"haiqua\\\") or longer have been written, some of them \\\"vertical haiku\\\" with only a word or two per line. These poems mimic the vertical printed form of Japanese haiku. The translator Nobuyuki Yuasa considered four lines more appropriate in his translations, being closest to the natural conversational rhythm of the colloquial language of haiku, also that three lines did not carry the weight of hokku and found it impossible to use 'three lines' consistently for his translations. The contemporary poet John Martone has written a vast number of vertical haiku. Haiku have also appeared in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12232128\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"DeCSS haiku\",\n \"text\": \"DeCSS haiku DeCSS haiku is a 465-stanza haiku poem written in 2001 by American hacker Seth Schoen as part of the protest action regarding the prosecution of Norwegian programmer Jon Lech Johansen for co-creating the DeCSS software. The poem, written in the spirit of civil disobedience against the DVD Copy Control Association, argues that \\\"code is speech\\\". DeCSS haiku was created in the context of a series of protests, coming from the international hacker community, against the arrest of Norwegian programmer Jon Lech Johansen, and a series of related lawsuits against him and other hackers (such as Universal City Studios,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17985906\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"DeCSS haiku\",\n \"text\": \"by the \\\"Wall Street Journal\\\", \\\"San Francisco Chronicle\\\", \\\"Wired\\\" and the \\\"New York Times Magazine\\\". DeCSS haiku DeCSS haiku is a 465-stanza haiku poem written in 2001 by American hacker Seth Schoen as part of the protest action regarding the prosecution of Norwegian programmer Jon Lech Johansen for co-creating the DeCSS software. The poem, written in the spirit of civil disobedience against the DVD Copy Control Association, argues that \\\"code is speech\\\". DeCSS haiku was created in the context of a series of protests, coming from the international hacker community, against the arrest of Norwegian programmer Jon Lech Johansen, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17985911\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fog (poem)\",\n \"text\": \"Fog (poem) \\\"Fog\\\" is a poem by Carl Sandburg. It first appeared in Sandburg's first mainstream collection of poems, \\\"Chicago Poems\\\", published in 1916. Sandburg has described the genesis of the poem. At a time when he was carrying a book of Japanese Haiku, he went to interview a juvenile court judge, and he had cut through Grant Park and saw the fog over Chicago harbor. He had certainly seen many fogs before, but this time he had to wait forty minutes for the judge, and he only had a piece of newsprint handy, so he decided to create an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17030118\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku in languages other than Japanese\",\n \"text\": \"Italiana Amici dell'Haiku) was established, and then the Italian Haiku Association. The poet Mario Chini (1876 - 1959) published the book of haiku titled \\\"Moments\\\" (Rome, 1960). Later, Edoardo Sanguineti published some of his haiku. Traditional haiku have been developed in Estonia since 1960s. Andres Ehin (1940 - 2011) was the most prominent Estonian-language haiku writer of the 20th century; his bilingual English-Estonian collection \\\"Moose Beetle Swallow\\\" was published in Ireland in 2005. Estonian poets Arvo Mets and Felix Tammi wrote haiku in Russian. What some people call Estonian haiku () is a form of poetry introduced in Estonia in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17086489\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"On (Japanese prosody)\",\n \"text\": \"transliterated into hiragana. In cases where a hiragana is represented by a pair of symbols each pair (or \\\"digraph\\\" e.g. \\\"kyo\\\" (きょ)) equates to a single \\\"on\\\". When viewed this way, the term \\\"\\\"ji\\\"\\\" (\\\"character\\\") is used in Japanese. In English-language discussions of Japanese poetry, the more familiar word \\\"syllable\\\" is sometimes used. Although the use of \\\"syllable\\\" is inaccurate, it often happens that the syllable count and the \\\"on\\\" count match in Japanese-language haiku. The disjunction between syllables and \\\"on\\\" becomes clearer when counting sounds in English-language versions of Japanese poetic forms, such as haiku in English. An English\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9542635\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Old Japanese\",\n \"text\": \"line of the first poem in the \\\"Kojiki\\\" was written with five characters: This method of writing Japanese syllables by using characters for their Chinese sounds (\\\"ongana\\\") was supplemented with indirect methods in the complex mixed script of the \\\"Man'yōshū\\\" (c. 759). In \\\"man'yōgana\\\", each Old Japanese syllable was represented by a Chinese character. Although any one of several characters could be used for a given syllable, a careful analysis revealed that 88 syllables were distinguished in the \\\"Kojiki\\\": The system has the same gaps of \\\"yi\\\" and \\\"wu\\\" found in later forms of Japanese. However, many syllables that have\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3791757\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku in languages other than Japanese\",\n \"text\": \"following Haiku by (1995) as an example: Haiku have found a foothold in German poetry since the 1920s, with examples from Rainer Maria Rilke, Franz Blei, Yvan Goll, Peter Altenberg, Alfred Mombert and Arno Holz among others being cited. The collection \\\"Ihr gelben Chrysanthemen!\\\" by (Vienna 1939) was published in the 1930s. Also written in the 1930s, haiku by Imma von Bodmershof appeared in book-form in 1962 and were republished in Japan in 1979 as \\\"Löwenzahn: die auf 17 Silben verkürzten Haiku\\\". In 1988, Margaret Buerschaper founded the German Haiku Society (Die Deutsche Haiku-Gesellschaft e. V.). Authors in Spain who\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17086487\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ulysses (poem)\",\n \"text\": \"iambic pentameter is often interrupted by spondees (metrical feet that consist of two long syllables); such laboured language slows the poem (and in other places may cast doubt upon the reliability of Ulysses' utterances): <poem> </poem> Observing their burdensome prosodic effect, the poet Matthew Arnold remarked, \\\"these three lines by themselves take up nearly as much time as a whole book of the \\\"Iliad\\\".\\\" Many of the poem's clauses carry over into the following line; these enjambments emphasize Ulysses' restlessness and dissatisfaction. The poem's seventy lines of blank verse are presented as a dramatic monologue. Scholars disagree on how Ulysses'\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2216522\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"DeCSS haiku\",\n \"text\": \"speech\\\" and hence should be given the same legal protections as free speech. A number of other activists, in the spirit of civil disobedience, created works of arts containing the infringing code, on the principle that such works are subject to First Amendment principle within the United States. Schoen decided to create a poem, which he did in 2001. At first, Schoen released the poem anonymously, through he has publicly acknowledged its ownership since. The 465-stanza haiku transcodes the DeCSS software, in effect allowing most computer programmers to recreate the DeCSS software from scratch, using the haiku as their only\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17985908\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku in English\",\n \"text\": \"Turtle Light Press. In the UK, the British Haiku Society publishes \\\"Blithe Spirit\\\", and the World Haiku Club publishes \\\"The World Haiku Review\\\". Another leading haiku magazine in the UK is \\\"Presence\\\" (formerly \\\"Haiku Presence\\\"), which was edited for many years by Martin Lucas (1962-2014). In Ireland, twenty issues of \\\"Haiku Spirit\\\" edited by Jim Norton were published between 1995 and 2000. \\\"Shamrock\\\", the online journal of the Irish Haiku Society edited by Anatoly Kudryavitsky, has been publishing international haiku in English since 2007. In Australia, twenty issues of \\\"Yellow Moon\\\", a literary magazine for writers of haiku and other\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12232131\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku in languages other than Japanese\",\n \"text\": \"the Arab haiku poets use the three short lines structure, this has not always been considered as a strict rule. Literary critics in the Arab world have not reached an agreement yet whether the haiku poems written by the young poets can be considered a new form of poetry or merely a different name for the (already popular) flash fiction. In July 2015, the \\\"Poetry Letters Magazine\\\" acknowledged the Arabic haiku as a distinct form of poetry by publishing, for the first time, haiku poems of 11 Arab poets from Syria, Morocco, Iraq, Jordan, and Tunisia. Haiku in languages other\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17086492\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku\",\n \"text\": \"was an Englishman who lived in Japan. He produced a series of works on Zen, haiku, senryū, and on other forms of Japanese and Asian literature. In 1949, with the publication in Japan of the first volume of \\\"Haiku\\\", the four-volume work by Blyth, haiku were introduced to the post-war English-speaking world. This four-volume series (1949–52) described haiku from the pre-modern period up to and including Shiki. Blyth's \\\"History of Haiku\\\" (1964) in two volumes is regarded as a classical study of haiku. Today Blyth is best known as a major interpreter of haiku to English speakers. His works have\",\n \"psg_id\": \"164926\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku Applications\",\n \"text\": \"bitmap graphics editor. Haiku Applications Haiku is a free and open-source operating system compatible with the now discontinued BeOS. Haiku applications are usually available as HPKGs; however, unpackaged applications can be installed by using Haiku PackageInstaller for legacy BeOS apps or manually unzipping the install files into one of the non-packaged installation folders. Haiku comes with a set of mostly small yet essential applications. Core applications are an essential part of Haiku, as they serve many different purposes. Haiku also has some 3rd party applications to supplement the core applications. The applications are usually executed by double clicking on the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18511597\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku Applications\",\n \"text\": \"Haiku Applications Haiku is a free and open-source operating system compatible with the now discontinued BeOS. Haiku applications are usually available as HPKGs; however, unpackaged applications can be installed by using Haiku PackageInstaller for legacy BeOS apps or manually unzipping the install files into one of the non-packaged installation folders. Haiku comes with a set of mostly small yet essential applications. Core applications are an essential part of Haiku, as they serve many different purposes. Haiku also has some 3rd party applications to supplement the core applications. The applications are usually executed by double clicking on the icon. ActivityMonitor is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18511582\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku Salut\",\n \"text\": \"Haiku Salut Haiku Salut are an instrumental trio from the Derbyshire Dales in England. Their music fuses elements of neoclassical, post rock, folk and electronica. The trio consists of multi-instrumentalists Gemma Barkerwood, Sophie Barkerwood and Louise Croft. Between them, Haiku Salut play accordion, piano, glockenspiel, trumpet, trombone, guitar, ukulele, drums, malletkat, synth and melodica. Their music blends electronica and organic instrumentation. The group was formed in 2010, and their debut four track EP, “How We Got Along After the Yarn Bomb”, was released in 2011 on Team Strike Force records. Their debut album, \\\"Tricolore\\\", was released in 2013 on How\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17710417\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Japanese poetry\",\n \"text\": \"single form of poetry. Haiku derives from the earlier hokku. The name was given by Masaoka Shiki (pen-name of Masaoka Noboru, October 14, 1867 – September 19, 1902). Tanka is a name for and a type of poem found in the Heian era poetry anthology \\\"Man'yōshū\\\". The name was given new life by Masaoka Shiki (pen-name of Masaoka Noboru, October 14, 1867 – September 19, 1902). Japanese Contemporary Poetry consists of poetic verses of today, mainly after the 1900s. It includes vast styles and genres of prose including experimental, sensual, dramatic, erotic, and many contemporary poets today are female. Japanese\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3375839\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fib (poetry)\",\n \"text\": \"Fib (poetry) Fib is an experimental Western poetry form, bearing similarities to haiku, but based on the Fibonacci sequence. That is, the typical fib and one version of the contemporary Western haiku both follow a strict structure. The typical fib is a six line, 20 syllable poem with a syllable count by line of 1/1/2/3/5/8 - with as many syllables per line as the line's corresponding place in the Fibonacci sequence; the specific form of contemporary Western haiku uses three (or fewer) lines of no more than 17 syllables in total. The only restriction on a Fib is that the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7535979\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku\",\n \"text\": \"a phrase in the remaining 12 \\\"on\\\" (it may not be apparent from the English translation of the Issa that the first five \\\"on\\\" mean \\\"Edo's rain\\\"). In comparison with English verse typically characterized by syllabic meter, Japanese verse counts sound units known as \\\"\\\"on\\\"\\\" or morae. Traditional haiku consist of 17 \\\"on\\\", in three phrases of five, seven and five \\\"on\\\" respectively. Among contemporary poems \\\"teikei\\\" ( fixed form) haiku continue to use the 5-7-5 pattern while \\\"jiyuritsu\\\" ( free form) haiku do not. One of the examples below illustrates that traditional haiku masters were not always constrained by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"164910\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Masaoka Shiki International Haiku Awards\",\n \"text\": \"nationality or language. Recipients have a strong interest in haiku and a broad, international outlook in their field. The award is not limited to any field of speciality, so that haiku poets, other poets, authors, researchers, translators, essayists, editors, and workers in all professions are considered equally. Masaoka Shiki International Haiku Awards The Masaoka Shiki International Haiku Awards, named after the founder of modern Japanese haiku, were established on the principles set forth in the Matsuyama Declaration, adopted at the Shimanamikaido '99 Haiku Convention in Matsuyama held in September 1999. The establishment of this award attracts people's attention to Masaoka\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16966345\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Yonekura Shigetsugu\",\n \"text\": \"turning point in Japanese warfare; many cite it as the first \\\"modern\\\" Japanese battle. Yonekura Shigetsugu rushed the Takeda flank singlehandedly before he was killed by gunfire. His corpse was later impaled on a pike by Nobunaga's forces. (see Battles of Kawanakajima) Following the battle, Nobunaga continued henceforth until he had effectively established control over all of Japan. Yonekura's death poem is often performed in Noh plays to this day, and is a prime example of the Haiku form in death poems. While death poems did not adopt any prescribed form as far as syllables, tone, and length were concerned\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11028252\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku in English\",\n \"text\": \"Dylan Welch, and Ruth Yarrow. Examples: Pioneering haiku poet Cor van den Heuvel has edited the standard \\\"Haiku Anthology\\\" (1st ed., 1974; 2nd ed., 1986; 3rd ed. 1999). Since its most recent edition, another generation of American haiku poets has come to prominence. Among the most widely published and honored of these poets are John Barlow, Cherie Hunter Day, Carolyn Hall, paul m., John Martone, Chad Lee Robinson, Billie Wilson, and Peter Yovu. Newer poets exemplify divergent tendencies, from self-effacing nature-oriented haiku (Allan Burns) to Zen themes perpetuating the concepts of Blyth and Hackett (Stanford M. Forrester), poignant haiku-senryū hybrids\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12232122\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku\",\n \"text\": \"independently, were written in the context of renku. Shiki formally separated his new style of verse from the context of collaborative poetry. Being agnostic, he also separated it from the influence of Buddhism. Further, he discarded the term \\\"hokku\\\" and proposed the term \\\"haiku\\\" as an abbreviation of the phrase \\\"\\\"haikai no ku\\\"\\\" meaning a verse of \\\"haikai\\\", although the term predates Shiki by some two centuries, when it was used to mean \\\"any\\\" verse of haikai. Since then, \\\"haiku\\\" has been the term usually applied in both Japanese and English to all independent haiku, irrespective of their date of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"164921\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"On (Japanese prosody)\",\n \"text\": \"or \\\"queue\\\" is perceived as a single syllable by English speakers). In \\\"Nippon\\\" the doubled \\\"P\\\" each is pronounced separately; the final \\\"N\\\" is also a separate hiragana, so the two English syllables translate to four \\\"on\\\". On (Japanese prosody) The term On (rarely \\\"Onji\\\") refers to counting phonetic sounds in Japanese poetry. In the Japanese language, the word \\\"\\\"on\\\"\\\" (音) means \\\"sound\\\". It is used to mean the phonetic units counted in haiku, tanka, and other such poetic forms. Known as \\\"morae\\\" to English-speaking linguists, the modern Japanese term for the linguistic concept is either \\\"haku\\\" () or \\\"mōra\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9542638\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku in English\",\n \"text\": \"Port Townsend, Washington (2005), Winston-Salem, North Carolina (2007), Ottawa (2009), Seattle (2011), Long Beach, California (2013), Schenectady, New York (2015), and Santa Fe, New Mexico (2017), with a return to Winston-Salem in 2019. The American Haiku Archives, the largest public archive of haiku-related material outside Japan, was founded in 1996. It is housed at the California State Library in Sacramento, California, and includes the official archives of the Haiku Society of America, along with significant donations from the libraries of Lorraine Ellis Harr, Jerry Kilbride, Elizabeth Searle Lamb, Francine Porad, Jane Reichhold, and many others. In 2010, Michael Dylan Welch\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12232124\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku\",\n \"text\": \"position within the verse, it may briefly cut the stream of thought, suggesting a parallel between the preceding and following phrases, or it may provide a dignified ending, concluding the verse with a heightened sense of closure. The fundamental aesthetic quality of both hokku and haiku is that it is internally sufficient, independent of context, and will bear consideration as a complete work. The \\\"kireji\\\" lends the verse structural support, allowing it to stand as an independent poem. The use of \\\"kireji\\\" distinguishes haiku and hokku from second and subsequent verses of renku; which may employ semantic and syntactic disjuncture,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"164908\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku\",\n \"text\": \"known as \\\"kuhi\\\" () has been a popular practice for many centuries. The city of Matsuyama has more than two hundred \\\"kuhi\\\". The earliest westerner known to have written haiku was the Dutchman Hendrik Doeff (1764–1837), who was the Dutch commissioner in the Dejima trading post in Nagasaki, during the first years of the 19th century. One of his haiku: Although there were further attempts outside Japan to imitate the \\\"hokku\\\" in the early 20th century, there was little understanding of its principles. Early Western scholars such as Basil Hall Chamberlain (1850–1935) and William George Aston were mostly dismissive of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"164923\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kireji\",\n \"text\": \"in translations of such verses into this language, kireji may be represented by punctuation (typically by a dash or an ellipsis), an exclamatory particle (such as 'how...'), or simply left unmarked. The examples below are laid out as follows: Kireji Classical renga developed a tradition of 18 kireji, which were adopted by haikai, thence used for both renku and haiku, the most common of which are listed below: Hokku and haiku consist of 17 Japanese syllables, or on (a phonetic unit identical to the mora), in three metrical phrases of 5, 7, and 5 on respectively. A kireji is typically\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12119817\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku in English\",\n \"text\": \"several \\\"hokku\\\" in her book \\\"What's O'Clock\\\" (1925; winner of the Pulitzer Prize). Individualistic haiku-like verses by the innovative Buddhist poet and artist Paul Reps (1895–1990) appeared in print as early as 1939 (\\\"More Power to You—Poems everyone Can Make\\\", Preview Publications, Montrose CA.). Inspired by R. H. Blyth's translations, other Westerners, including those of the Beat period, such as Gary Snyder, Jack Kerouac, Richard Wright and James W. Hackett, wrote original haiku in English. African-American novelist Richard Wright, in his final years, composed some 4,000 haiku, 817 of which are collected in the volume \\\"Haiku: This Other World\\\". Wright\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12232117\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Summum Bonum (poem)\",\n \"text\": \"this eighty-year-old man standing at the edge of a grave thinks that the greatest happiness in life is in 'kissing a girl'.\\\" Summum Bonum (poem) \\\"Summum Bonum\\\" is a poem by Robert Browning. It was published in poet's last book, \\\"Asolando\\\" in 1889. It is a short poem or epigram. The title is a Latin phrase that means \\\"the highest good\\\". The poem is composed of eight lines. They are not equally long. Some are fifteen syllables long, while others are only six syllables long. The metre is anapaestic. The longer lines are built of five feet: and the shorter\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19921920\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku in English\",\n \"text\": \"and was succeeded by \\\"Modern Haiku\\\" in 1969, which remains an important English-language haiku journal. Other early journals included \\\"Haiku Highlights\\\" (founded 1965 by European-American writer Jean Calkins and later taken over by the European-American writer Lorraine Ellis Harr who changed the name to \\\"Dragonfly\\\"), Eric Amann's \\\"Haiku\\\" (founded 1967), and \\\"Haiku West\\\" (founded 1967). The first English-language haiku society in America, founded in 1956, was the Writers' Roundtable of Los Altos, California, under the direction of Helen Stiles Chenoweth. The Haiku Society of America was founded in 1968 and began publishing its journal \\\"Frogpond\\\" in 1978. Important resources for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12232120\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Summum Bonum (poem)\",\n \"text\": \"Summum Bonum (poem) \\\"Summum Bonum\\\" is a poem by Robert Browning. It was published in poet's last book, \\\"Asolando\\\" in 1889. It is a short poem or epigram. The title is a Latin phrase that means \\\"the highest good\\\". The poem is composed of eight lines. They are not equally long. Some are fifteen syllables long, while others are only six syllables long. The metre is anapaestic. The longer lines are built of five feet: and the shorter of only two feet: while Browning frequently employs what might be considered cretic substitutions: The lines rhyme according to the scheme ABABBCAC\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19921918\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rondel (poem)\",\n \"text\": \"the first line is repeated at the end of the final stanza). For instance, if A and B are the refrains, a rondel will have a rhyme scheme of ABba abAB abbaA(B) The meter is open, but typically has eight syllables. There are several variations of the rondel, and some inconsistencies. For example, sometimes only the first line of the poem is repeated at the end, or the second refrain may return at the end of the last stanza. Henry Austin Dobson provides the following example of a rondel: <poem> </poem> Rondel (poem) A rondel is a verse form originating\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7621602\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Masaoka Shiki International Haiku Awards\",\n \"text\": \"Masaoka Shiki International Haiku Awards The Masaoka Shiki International Haiku Awards, named after the founder of modern Japanese haiku, were established on the principles set forth in the Matsuyama Declaration, adopted at the Shimanamikaido '99 Haiku Convention in Matsuyama held in September 1999. The establishment of this award attracts people's attention to Masaoka Shiki as a globally recognized poet and to haiku as a short form of world poetry. The Masaoka Shiki International Haiku Award is awarded to people who have made the most remarkable contribution to the development and the raising awareness of the creativity of haiku regardless of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16966344\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku in English\",\n \"text\": \"poets and scholars attempting to understand English-language haiku aesthetics and history include William J. Higginson's \\\"Haiku Handbook\\\" (McGraw-Hill, 1985) and Lee Gurga's \\\"Haiku: A Poet's Guide\\\" (Modern Haiku Press, 2003). Significant contributors to American haiku include Hackett, Virgilio, Charles B. Dickson (1915–1991), Elizabeth Searle Lamb (1917–2005), Raymond Roseliep (1917–1983), Robert Spiess (1921–2002), John Wills (1921–1993), Anita Virgil (b. 1931), and Peggy Willis Lyles (1939–2010). Other major figures still active in the American haiku community include Lee Gurga, Christopher Herold, Gary Hotham, Jim Kacian, Michael McClintock, Marlene Mountain, Marian Olson, Alan Pizzarelli, Alexis Rotella, John Stevenson, George Swede, vincent tripi, Michael\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12232121\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku in English\",\n \"text\": \"founded National Haiku Writing Month, also known as NaHaiWriMo. It has been held in February of each year, starting in 2011, with the objective to write at least one haiku per day all month long—\\\"the shortest month of the year for the shortest genre of poetry,\\\" according to Welch. Although the vast majority of haiku published in English are three lines long, variants also occur. The most common variation from the three-line standard is one line, sometimes called a \\\"monoku\\\". It emerged from being more than an occasional exception during the late 1970s. The one-line form, based on an analogy\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12232125\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku in English\",\n \"text\": \"and Paul Muldoon in Ireland and Britain) and others have tried their hand at haiku. In 1963 the journal \\\"American Haiku\\\" was founded in Platteville, Wisconsin, edited by the European-Americans James Bull and Donald Eulert. Among contributors to the first issue were poets James W. Hackett, O Mabson Southard (1911–2000), and Nick Virgilio. In the second issue of \\\"American Haiku\\\" Virgilio published his \\\"lily\\\" and \\\"bass\\\" haiku, which became models of brevity, breaking down the traditional 5-7-5 syllabic form, and pointing toward the leaner conception of haiku that would take hold in subsequent decades. \\\"American Haiku\\\" ended publication in 1968\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12232119\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku\",\n \"text\": \"into \\\"on\\\" as, Translated: Hokku is the opening stanza of an orthodox collaborative linked poem, or renga, and of its later derivative, renku (or \\\"haikai no renga\\\"). By the time of Matsuo Bashō (1644–1694), the hokku had begun to appear as an independent poem, and was also incorporated in haibun (a combination of prose and hokku), and haiga (a combination of painting with hokku). In the late 19th century, Masaoka Shiki (1867–1902) renamed the standalone hokku to haiku. The latter term is now generally applied retrospectively to all hokku appearing independently of renku or renga, irrespective of when they were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"164915\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku Applications\",\n \"text\": \"a web-streaming app and requires a TV Card to start using it. Once the setup is completed, the user may set different frequencies or view different channels. An IRC (Internet Relay Chat) client for Haiku. WebPositive (also called Web+) is the graphical web browser included with Haiku since version R1A2. The following 3rd party programs are bundled with Haiku. Many more can, however, be installed using the HaikuDepot application. BePDF is a PDF viewer. Pe is an advanced text editor, intended mainly for programming and development purposes. Unlike StyledEdit, it does not work with Haiku's extended attributes. Wonderbrush is a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18511596\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sept haï-kaïs\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"La petite tortue ...\\\", is only seventeen measures long—the number of syllables in a Japanese haiku. Alexis Roland-Manuel remarked on this \\\"mélodie\\\": \\\"Do not let your modesty make you forget a certain fable by La Fontaine. You hurry slowly, perhaps, but none of your steps are wasted. How many hares envy you!\\\" The harmony is pricked with fine, expressive dissonances. For the third \\\"mélodie\\\", \\\"Le coq ...\\\", the instruments \\\"peck\\\" the melody with appoggiaturas in a spirit similar to that in Ravel's \\\"Histoires naturelles\\\" (1906). According to Andrieu, \\\"Maurice Delage's composition is simple and refined; the composer stays ever attentive\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19527791\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku\",\n \"text\": \"saint of poetry in Japan, and is the one name from classical Japanese literature that is familiar throughout the world. The next famous style of haikai to arise was that of Yosa Buson (1716–1783) and others such as Kitō, called the Tenmei style after the Tenmei Era (1781–1789) in which it was created. Buson is recognized as one of the greatest masters of haiga (an art form where painting is combined with haiku or haikai prose). His affection for painting can be seen in the painterly style of his haiku. No new popular style followed Buson. However, a very individualistic,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"164918\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Japanese poetry\",\n \"text\": \"by his own haiku poems. Such combination of haiku with painting is known as haiga. Waka underwent a revival, too, in relation to kokugaku, the study of Japanese classics. Kyōka (mad song), a type of satirical waka was also popular. One poetry school of the era was the Danrin school. Hokku renga, or of its later derivative, renku (haikai no renga). From the time of Matsuo Bashō (1644–1694), the hokku began to appear as an independent poem, and was also incorporated in haibun (in combination with prose). Haikai emerged from the renga of the medieval period. Matsuo Bashō was a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3375834\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Strugnell's Haiku\",\n \"text\": \"the poet's life. The first of Strugnell's \\\"Three Haiku\\\" is a eulogy to cherry blossom, which the poet thinks \\\"looks really nice\\\". In the second haiku, the poet laments his imminent baldness, comparing it to the seasonal fallen leaves and snow. In the last haiku, describing a November evening, the poet notes that \\\"the pubs are open\\\". Matthews's settings of the first two haiku are essentially pentatonic in melody and harmony. The first haiku is marked by Matthews as \\\"with fervour, but soon becoming gentle and introspective\\\"; the second as \\\"delicate: like porcelain.\\\" In the second haiku the time signature\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19349479\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Miles to Babylon? (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"and careful description\\\" to depict the chaotic environment created by war. The novel also includes small abstracts from poetry and songs. The title of the novel is derived from a traditional nursery Rhyme, How Many Miles to Babylon?: <poem> </poem> When re-reviewing the novel in 2011, Philip Womack described the novel as \\\"slim but emotionally hefty.\\\" For Womack, it's a poignant retelling of how the First World War erased lines of class, and its emotional toil: \\\"Johnston's novel conveys both the insanity of war and the poignancy of unspoken tenderness.\\\" In 1982 it was adapted for television by the BBC,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10237600\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku Vector Icon Format\",\n \"text\": \"He stated that there was no guideline that had to be followed and suggested 1 September as deadline. 16 icon sets were rated in the contest, and Aßmus' icon set \\\"Stippi\\\" received the award. In early November it was also announced that Stephan Aßmus implemented vector icons in OpenTracker. HVIF icons of Stippi set are used in current Haiku releases and builds. Aimed at fast rendering and small file sizes, HVIF brings the following approaches: Haiku Vector Icon Format Haiku Vector Icon Format (HVIF) is a vector storage format designed to store icons, specifically for Haiku. Haiku developers commonly agreed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15205712\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Japanese people in Spain\",\n \"text\": \"a part of the association. In Barcelona there is also a Go club, a Haiku club, an association of Japanese language teachers, an association of the alumni of the Japanese complementary school, a golf club, and a Hispano-Japanese association. In addition to the Japanese consulate, in Las Palmas there was the \\\"Casa de Japan\\\" (日本船員保険福祉会館 \\\"Nihon Sen'in Hoken Fukushi Kaikan\\\") and a Japanese association. The \\\"Casa\\\" opened in 1967 in Monte Lentiscal and its annex opened in October 1973. The main building closed in June 1981 and the annex closed in December 1985. From 1971 to 1981 there were Japanese\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12189048\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Japanese poetry\",\n \"text\": \"are a short, 3-line verse form, which have achieved significant global popularity, and the haiku form has been adapted from Japanese into other languages. Typical of the haiku form is the metrical pattern of 3 lines with a distribution of 5, 7, and 5 \\\"on\\\" (also known as morae) within those lines. Other features include the juxtaposition of two images or ideas with a \\\"kireji\\\" (\\\"cutting word\\\") between them, and a \\\"kigo\\\", or seasonal reference, usually drawn from a \\\"saijiki\\\", or traditional list of such words. Much of Japanese poetry has been transmitted historically through published anthologies, many of them\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3375798\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku in English\",\n \"text\": \"the one-line form can create a variety of ambiguities involving the perceived placement of cuts and the grammatical status of individual words, thereby allowing for multiple readings of the same haiku. A variation of the format breaks the line at the \\\"caesura\\\" or pause. At its most minimal, a single word may occasionally be claimed to be a haiku: The first was printed alone on an otherwise blank page and arguably only \\\"works\\\" in that context. The second example is an allusion to the first and also depends on its placement at the center of a haiku collection. Haiku of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12232127\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku in English\",\n \"text\": \"hewed to a 5-7-5 syllabic structure for most of these pieces. In 1966 Helen Stiles Chenoweth compiled \\\"Borrowed Water\\\", an early anthology of American haiku featuring the work by the Los Altos Roundtable. The experimental work of Beat and minority haiku poets expanded the popularity of haiku in English. Despite claims that haiku has not had much impact on the literary scene, a number of mainstream poets, such as W. H. Auden, Richard Wilbur, James Merrill, Etheridge Knight, William Stafford, W. S. Merwin, John Ashbery, Donald Hall, Ruth Stone, Sonia Sanchez, Billy Collins, (as well as Seamus Heaney, Wendy Cope,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12232118\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku Depot\",\n \"text\": \"comments. It also helped with evaluating the stability of packages and assigning them to respective repositories. A small group of developers was formed to tackle the task of designing and implementing the web application.<ref name=https://www.haiku-os.org/blog/bonefish/2013-09-28_package_management_goes_live Haiku Depot Haiku Depot is the native package manager for the Haiku operating system which was integrated into Haiku after its \\\"R1A4\\\" release. Most applications on Haiku now run from their packages but are virtualised as virtual directories on the Be file system. Haiku Depot is the GUI Package Manager for Haiku. It can be compared with Ubuntu Software Center, or similar software repositories. It\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18446759\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku (operating system)\",\n \"text\": \"as \\\"kits\\\"), included: A few kits have been deemed feature complete and the rest are in various stages of development. The Haiku kernel is a modular hybrid kernel and a fork of NewOS, a modular kernel written by former Be Inc. engineer Travis Geiselbrecht. Like the rest of the system, it is currently still under heavy development. Many features have been implemented, including a virtual file system (VFS) layer and rudimentary symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) support. , Haiku includes a package management system called \\\"Haiku Depot,\\\" enabling software to be compiled into dependency tracking compressed packages. Packages can also be activated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2874693\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku d'Etat\",\n \"text\": \"Haiku d'Etat Haiku D'Etat is a super group rap trio featuring Aceyalone and Myka 9 of Freestyle Fellowship and Abstract Rude of Abstract Tribe Unique. All three members are heavily affiliated with Project Blowed, Aceyalone and Abstract Rude being co-founders. The name \\\"Haiku D'Etat\\\" is a portmanteau of haiku and coup d'état, meaning something akin to a musical revolution or a \\\"poetic takeover\\\" as one of their songs puts it. Haiku D'Etat released their first album \\\"Haiku D'Etat\\\" in 1999. It features San Francisco Bay Area live musicians such as David Boyce on saxophone, Emerson Cardenas on bass, Michael Cavaseno\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8918145\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku Depot\",\n \"text\": \"Haiku Depot Haiku Depot is the native package manager for the Haiku operating system which was integrated into Haiku after its \\\"R1A4\\\" release. Most applications on Haiku now run from their packages but are virtualised as virtual directories on the Be file system. Haiku Depot is the GUI Package Manager for Haiku. It can be compared with Ubuntu Software Center, or similar software repositories. It makes it possible for the user to manage repositories, list and search available packages and pull out additional information regarding the packages. The additional information consists of screenshots, user ratings and translated package information such\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18446756\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Volta (literature)\",\n \"text\": \"or turning, which often occurs through a pivot word—a word that causes the poem to change directions. This is discussed in Lee Gurga's \\\"Haiku: A Poet's Guide\\\". Betty Drevniok describes the haiku's turn in \\\"Aware: A Haiku Primer\\\" by explaining that haiku must be written using the principles of comparison, contrast, or association. She says, \\\"This technique provides the pivot on which the reader's thought turns and expands.\\\" The sijo, a Korean poem of 43 to 45 syllables, traditionally contains a turn in the third line which moves away from the theme developed in the first two lines. A turn\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9257843\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku\",\n \"text\": \"Mexican poet José Juan Tablada is credited with popularising haiku in his country, reinforced by the publication of two collections composed entirely in that form: \\\"Un dia\\\" (1919), and \\\"El jarro de flores\\\" (1922). In the introduction to the latter, Tablada noted that two young Mexicans, Rafael Lozano and Carlos Gutiérrez Cruz, had also begun writing them. They were followed soon after by Carlos Pellicer, Xavier Villaurrutia, and by Jaime Torres Bodet in his collection \\\"Biombo\\\" (1925). Much later, Octavio Paz included many haiku in \\\"Piedras Sueltas\\\" (1955). Elsewhere the Ecuadorian poet and diplomat Jorge Carrera Andrade included haiku among\",\n \"psg_id\": \"164933\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku Applications\",\n \"text\": \"files will be stored. HaikuDepot is the native package manager for the Haiku operating system which was integrated into Haiku after its R1A4 release. Most applications on Haiku now run from their packages but are virtualised as virtual directories on the Be File System. Installer is a System Installer tool that is used to install Haiku to a partition. It makes it possible for the user to copy Haiku onto another volume. The installer needs a prepared partition. Haiku can also be added manually but using Installer is preferred over that because adding it manually is harder than using the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18511589\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kenneth Yasuda\",\n \"text\": \"Haiku in English being as popular as with its Japanese audience. In Yasuda's haiku theory the intent of the haiku is contained in the concept of a \\\"haiku moment,\\\" 'that moment of absolute intensity when the poet's grasp of his intuition is complete so that the image lives its own life', (seventeen syllables corresponding to that 'moment', divided into three lines within 'one breath length' ). This notion of the haiku moment has been defined as 'an aesthetic moment' a timeless feeling of enlightened harmony as a poet's nature and environment are unified'The passing momentary experience that comes alive through\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11579723\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku\",\n \"text\": \"hokku's poetic value. One of the first advocates of English-language hokku was the Japanese poet Yone Noguchi. In \\\"A Proposal to American Poets,\\\" published in the \\\"Reader\\\" magazine in February 1904, Noguchi gave a brief outline of the hokku and some of his own English efforts, ending with the exhortation, \\\"Pray, you try Japanese Hokku, my American poets!\\\" At about the same time the poet Sadakichi Hartmann was publishing original English-language hokku, as well as other Japanese forms in both English and French. In France, haiku was introduced by Paul-Louis Couchoud around 1906. Couchoud's articles were read by early Imagist\",\n \"psg_id\": \"164924\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku Stairs\",\n \"text\": \"Haiku Stairs The Haikū Stairs, also known as the Stairway to Heaven or Haikū Ladder, is a steep hiking trail on the island of Oahu, Hawaii. The total 3,922 steps span along Oahu's Ko'olau mountain range. \\\"Haiku\\\" does not refer to the Japanese poetry genre. The area is named \\\"Haikū\\\" after the Kahili flower. In 1942, contractors for the U.S. Navy began construction of the Haʻikū Radio Station, a top secret facility that was to be used to transmit radio signals to Navy ships that were then operating throughout the Pacific. In order to obtain the necessary height for the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5521561\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku\",\n \"text\": \"matter. The loosening of traditional standards has resulted in the term \\\"haiku\\\" being applied to brief English-language poems such as \\\"mathemaku\\\" and other kinds of pseudohaiku. Some sources claim that this is justified by the blurring of definitional boundaries in Japan. Subsequent to Paul-Louis Couchoud’s popularisation of the form in France through his essays and translations, the next major haiku collection to appear there was the sequence of war poems by , \\\"Cent visions de guerre\\\" (1916). Later haiku by him were included among the work of the twelve published together in the \\\"Nouvelle Revue Française\\\" (No. 84, September 1920),\",\n \"psg_id\": \"164931\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Bader (writer)\",\n \"text\": \"Judaism, we offer you this gem: 'If there is no self, whose arthritis is this?') David Bader (writer) David M. Bader is the author of such works as \\\"The Book of Murray: The Life, Teachings, and Kvetching of the Lost Prophet\\\" (Harmony Books, 2010),\\\" \\\"Haiku U.: From Aristotle to Zola, Great Books in 17 Syllables\\\" (Gotham Books, 2004) \\\"Haikus for Jews: For You a Little Wisdom\\\" (Harmony Books, 1999), \\\"\\\" (Harmony Books, 2002) and \\\"Haiku U.: From Aristotle to Zola, Great Books in 17 Syllables\\\" (Gotham Books, 2004). He also wrote \\\"How to Be an Extremely Reform Jew\\\" (Avon Books,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6021313\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku (operating system)\",\n \"text\": \"milestone with the release of Haiku R1/Alpha 1. Then in November, 2012 the R1/Alpha 4.1 was released, while work continued on nightly builds. On September 28, 2018, the Haiku OS R1/Beta 1 was released. Haiku is written in C++ and provides an object-oriented API. The modular design of BeOS allowed individual components of Haiku to initially be developed in teams in relative isolation, in many cases developing them as replacements for the BeOS components prior to the completion of other parts of the operating system. The original teams developing these components, including both servers and APIs (collectively known in Haiku\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2874692\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Japanese hip hop\",\n \"text\": \"ends phrases in auxiliary verbs. Whereas English ends in verbs or nouns, which are extremely common, Japanese rappers were limited by the small number of grammatically correct possibilities for ending a phrase. Japanese also lacks the stresses on certain syllables that provide flow to English rapping. Even traditional Japanese poetry was based on the numbers of syllables present, unlike English poetry, which was based on the stresses in a line. Most Japanese lyrical music was also formulated using textual repetition, not relying on the flow of the words. The Japanese also have many ways of indicating class distinctions. English is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1315731\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Estonian haiku\",\n \"text\": \"Beetle Swallow\\\" was published in Ireland in 2005. Estonian poets Arvo Mets and Felix Tammi wrote haiku in Russian. Asko Künnap is credited as the inventor of Estonian haiku. The first collection of Estonian haiku was published in 2010: \\\"Estonian Haiku\\\" by poets Asko Künnap, Jürgen Rooste, and Karl Martin Sinijärv. An Estonian-language haiku competition was organized at the 2011 Helsinki Book Fair where Estonia was the guest of honor. A selection of Estonian haiku has been published by the Estonian Writers' Union's magazine \\\"Looming\\\" (\\\"Creation\\\"). Estonian haiku have been actively translated into Finnish. Estonian haiku Estonian haiku () is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16861147\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku PackageInstaller\",\n \"text\": \"Haiku PackageInstaller Haiku's Package Installer is a software installer for BeOS packages in PKG format. It provides an easy-to-use GUI that helps in fast package installation in Haiku. Haiku is a free and open-source operating system compatible with the now discontinued BeOS. It is normally launched when the user double clicks any supported file. No settings are required for the Package Installer. Haiku's Participation in Google Summer Of Code 2007 brought good results. One of the tasks assigned was the creation of an installer for .PKG files, which would serve Haiku as a replacement for the old SoftwareValet application.<ref name=http://www.beosnews.com/2007/04/26/softwarevalet-replacement-in-progress/\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18440152\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku (operating system)\",\n \"text\": \"by installing them from remote repositories with pkgman, or dropping them over a special \\\"packages\\\" directory. Haiku package management mounts activated packages over a read only system directory. The Haiku package management system performs dependency solving with libsolv from the openSUSE project. Haiku R1 aims to be compatible with BeOS at both the source and binary level, allowing software written and compiled for BeOS to be compiled and run without modification on Haiku. This provides Haiku users with an instant library of applications to choose from (even programs whose developers are no longer in business or have no interest in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2874694\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Japanese poetry\",\n \"text\": \"revived those forms. The words \\\"haiku\\\" and \\\"tanka\\\" were both coined by Shiki. They laid the basis for development of this poetry in the modern world. They introduced new motifs, rejected some old authorities in this field, recovered forgotten classics, and published magazines to express their opinions and lead their disciples. This magazine-based activity by leading poets is a major feature of Japanese poetry even today. Some poets, including Yosano Akiko, Ishikawa Takuboku, Hagiwara Sakutarō wrote in many styles: they used both traditional forms like waka and haiku and \\\"new style\\\" forms. Most Japanese poets, however, generally write in a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3375838\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Japanese poetry\",\n \"text\": \"poetry: The largest anthology of haiku in Japanese is the 12-volume Bunruihaiku-zenshū (Classified Collection of Haiku) compiled by Masaoka Shiki, completed after his death, which collected haiku by seasonal theme and sub-theme. It includes work dating back to the 15th century. The largest collection of haiku translated into English on any single subject is \\\"Cherry Blossom Epiphany\\\" by Robin D. Gill, which contains some 3,000 Japanese haiku on the subject of the cherry blossom.< Gill, Robin D. \\\"Cherry Blossom Epiphany\\\", Paraverse Press, 2007 > H. Mack Horton's translation of the 16th-century \\\"Journal of Sōchō\\\", by a pre-eminent renga poet of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3375846\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haiku-Pauwela, Hawaii\",\n \"text\": \"Haiku-Pauwela, Hawaii Haiku-Pauwela is a census-designated place (CDP) in Maui County, Hawaii, United States. The population was 8,118 at the 2010 census. Haiku-Pauwela is located at (20.920528, -156.312631). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which is land and , or 17.67%, is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 6,578 people, 2,310 households, and 1,524 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 417.5 people per square mile (161.2/km²). There were 2,454 housing units at an average density of 155.8 per square mile (60.1/km²). The racial makeup\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1042311\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Utamakura\",\n \"text\": \"of the poems, entering the locale of a poem or story deepened one's understanding of it. \\\"Utamakura\\\" was also used in \\\"renga\\\", a form of Japanese collaborative poetry that is the ancestor of \\\"renku\\\" and \\\"haiku\\\" poetry. There are numerous instances of \\\"utamakura\\\" in Japanese literature, one of which is the \\\"Kokinshū\\\". The source of this particular \\\"utamakura\\\" example is poem #3 in the \\\"Spring\\\" section. In the poem above, \\\"Yoshino\\\" refers to a place in the Yamato region in the vicinity of the capital. \\\"Yoshino\\\" is known for having both heavy snowfall and an abundance of cherry blossoms. Poem\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2720995\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Culture of Asia\",\n \"text\": \"the form of a novel. Early-Modern Japanese literature (17th–19th centuries) developed comparable innovations such as haiku, a form of Japanese poetry that evolved from the ancient \\\"hokku\\\" (Japanese language: 発句) mode. Haiku consists of three lines: the first and third lines each have five \\\"morae\\\" (the rough phonological equivalent of syllables), while the second has seven. Original haiku masters included such figures as Edo period poet Matsuo Bashō (松尾芭蕉); others influenced by Bashō include Kobayashi Issa and Masaoka Shiki. Korean literature begins in the Three Kingdoms Period, and continues through the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties to the modern day. Examples\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4917958\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arts by region\",\n \"text\": \"build from stone, but the jungles and forests might overgrow the buildings, as in Angkor Wat. Early-Modern Japanese literature (17th–19th centuries) developed innovations such as haiku, a form of Japanese poetry that evolved from the ancient \\\"hokku\\\" (Japanese language: 発句) mode. Haiku consists of three lines: the first and third lines each have five \\\"morae\\\" (the rough phonological equivalent of syllables), while the second has seven. Original haiku masters included such figures as Edo period poet Matsuo Bashō (松尾芭蕉); others influenced by Bashō include Kobayashi Issa and Masaoka Shiki. In Punjab, India, bhangra is popular. In all countries in Southeast\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8347925\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Cloud (poem)\",\n \"text\": \"The Cloud (poem) \\\"The Cloud\\\" is a major 1820 poem written by Percy Bysshe Shelley. \\\"The Cloud\\\" was written during late 1819 or early 1820, and submitted for publication on 12 July 1820. The work was published in the 1820 collection \\\"Prometheus Unbound, A Lyrical Drama, in Four Acts, With Other Poems\\\" by Charles and James Ollier in London in August 1820. The work was proof-read by John Gisborne. There were multiple drafts of the poem. The poem consists of six stanzas in anapestic or antidactylus meter, a foot with two unaccented syllables followed by an accented syllable. The cloud\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15863637\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["17, arranged in 3 lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables"],"string":"[\n \"17, arranged in 3 lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":279,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"in the original l. frank baum story the wonderful wizard of oz, what color were dorothy's slippers?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"Oz].\" Kassinger, in her book \"Gold: From Greek Myth to Computer Chips\", purports that \"The Wizard symbolizes bankers who support the gold standard and oppose adding silver to it... Only Dorothy's \"silver\" slippers can take her home to Kansas,\" meaning that by Dorothy not realizing that she had the silver slippers the whole time, Dorothy, or \"the westerners\", never realized they already had a viable currency of the people. Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Political interpretations of \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" include treatments of the modern fairy tale (written by L. Frank Baum and first published","psg_id":"6852384"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (musical)","text":"2000 and 2002. In the 2010 production, Olivia Stupka and Alisa Berindea alternated in the role of Dorothy. Nicole Burda will assume the role of Dorothy for the 2017 production. Members of the original casts to reprise their original roles again in 2017 are David Haines as the Cowardly Lion, Joe Cascone as L. Frank Baum/Wizard and Sandi Horwitz as Locasta. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (musical) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a musical play based on the novel of the same title by L. Frank Baum that premiered at the Toronto Civic Light Opera Company in 2000. The","psg_id":"15238279"},{"title":"The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story","text":"miniseries where they played a couple. The film depicts how L. Frank Baum came to create \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" while undergoing and eventually overcoming professional and personal failures. The story is interspersed with the famous Oz story, shown at certain points when Baum is writing down his ideas. It is shown that Baum was originally telling this to a group of kids, who asked him the name of this location, to which he looks at a file cabinet with one drawer marked O-Z and decided \"Oz\". Another idea Baum had thought of was to say Dorothy was born","psg_id":"4615521"},{"title":"Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz","text":"Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz is the fourth book set in the Land of Oz written by L. Frank Baum and illustrated by John R. Neill. It was published on June 18, 1908 and reunites Dorothy with the humbug Wizard from \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" (1900). This is one of only two of the original fourteen Oz books (the other being \"The Emerald City of Oz\" (1910), to be illustrated with watercolor paintings. Baum, having resigned himself to writing a series of Oz books, set up elements of this book in the","psg_id":"2316671"},{"title":"Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz","text":"historian of Oz, there are several incongruities throughout the series that do not match up across the entire canon. Some of these were later reconciled by modern stories. Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz is the fourth book set in the Land of Oz written by L. Frank Baum and illustrated by John R. Neill. It was published on June 18, 1908 and reunites Dorothy with the humbug Wizard from \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" (1900). This is one of only two of the original fourteen Oz books (the other being \"The Emerald City","psg_id":"2316683"},{"title":"The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story","text":"in the Dakota Territory, only to scrap that sentence in favor of Kansas. The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story is a 1990 made-for-television biographical film starring John Ritter as Lyman Frank Baum, the man who wrote \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" and thirteen of the other Oz books. Also starring in this TV movie was Annette O'Toole as Baum's supportive wife, Maud, and Rue McClanahan as Baum's tough mother-in-law, Matilda Gage. John's son, Jason Ritter, makes his debut in this telefilm as Harry Neal Baum. At the time","psg_id":"4615522"},{"title":"The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story","text":"The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story is a 1990 made-for-television biographical film starring John Ritter as Lyman Frank Baum, the man who wrote \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" and thirteen of the other Oz books. Also starring in this TV movie was Annette O'Toole as Baum's supportive wife, Maud, and Rue McClanahan as Baum's tough mother-in-law, Matilda Gage. John's son, Jason Ritter, makes his debut in this telefilm as Harry Neal Baum. At the time of the film's debut, O'Toole and Ritter also starred in \"It\", a TV","psg_id":"4615520"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz The Wonderful Wizard of Oz () is an American children's novel written by author L. Frank Baum and illustrated by W. W. Denslow, originally published by the George M. Hill Company in Chicago on May 17, 1900. It has since seen several reprints, most often under the title The Wizard of Oz, which is the title of the popular 1902 Broadway musical adaptation as well as the iconic 1939 musical film adaptation. The story chronicles the adventures of a young farm girl named Dorothy in the magical Land of Oz, after she and her pet","psg_id":"654676"},{"title":"Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz","text":"Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz is an American animated children's television series based on L. Frank Baum's novel \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" and its subsequent books, as well as its 1939 film adaptation. The series debuted on Boomerang SVOD on June 29, 2017. The series was picked up for a second and third season. After the Wicked Witch of the West was melted by water, Queen Ozma has appointed Dorothy Gale the Princess of Emerald City. With her feet firmly grounded in her ruby slippers, Dorothy tackles her royal duties with enthusiasm,","psg_id":"20071372"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1986 TV series)","text":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1986 TV series) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, known in Japan as , is a Japanese anime television series adaptation based on four of the original Oz books by L. Frank Baum. In Japan, the series aired on TV Tokyo from 1986 to 1987. It consists of 52 episodes, which explain other parts of the Oz stories, including the events that happened after Dorothy returned home. In 1987, HBO purchased the rights to the series and dubbed it into English. Production for the English version was done by the Canadian studio Cookie Jar Group (known","psg_id":"7139611"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1986 TV series)","text":"by L. Frank Baum. The first story arc is an adaptation of the first Oz book, \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\". It follows the adventures of Dorothy, an orphan girl living out in the gray prairies of Kansas with her Aunt Em, her Uncle Henry and her dog Toto. One day, After Em and Uncle Henry leave Dorothy and Toto alone in order to travel into town. A tornado appears, uproots the farmhouse, with Dorothy and Toto inside, and transports it to the Land of Oz. In Oz Dorothy meets the Good Witch of the North, who tells her that","psg_id":"7139614"},{"title":"The Wizard of Oz (1902 musical)","text":"The Wizard of Oz (1902 musical) The Wizard of Oz was a 1902 musical extravaganza based on \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" by L. Frank Baum, which was originally published in 1900. Much of the original music was by Paul Tietjens and has been mostly forgotten, although it was still well-remembered and in discussion at MGM in 1939 when the classic film version of the story was made. Although Baum is the credited bookwriter, Glen MacDonough was hired on as jokewriter after Baum had finished the script. The show premiered at the Chicago Grand Opera House on June 16, 1902","psg_id":"8155662"},{"title":"Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Political interpretations of \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" include treatments of the modern fairy tale (written by L. Frank Baum and first published in 1900) as an allegory or metaphor for the political, economic, and social events of America in the 1890s. Scholars have examined four quite different versions of Oz: the novel of 1900, the Broadway play of 1901, the Hollywood film of 1939, and the numerous follow-up Oz novels written after 1900 by Baum and others. The political interpretations focus on the first three, and emphasize the close relationship between","psg_id":"6852371"},{"title":"The Wizard of Oz (1933 film)","text":"The Wizard of Oz (1933 film) The Wizard of Oz (1933) is a Canadian animated short film directed by Ted Eshbaugh. The story is credited to \"Col. Frank Baum.\" Frank Joslyn Baum, a Lieutenant Colonel in the United States Army and eldest son of writer L. Frank Baum, was involved in the film's production, and may have had an involvement in the film's script, which is loosely inspired by the elder Baum's novel, \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\". It runs approximately eight and a half minutes and is nearly absent of language, working mainly with arrangements of classical music created","psg_id":"11231253"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (musical)","text":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (musical) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a musical play based on the novel of the same title by L. Frank Baum that premiered at the Toronto Civic Light Opera Company in 2000. The lyrics are by James Patrick Doyle and Joe Cascone, the music is by Doyle and the book is by Cascone who also directed. This company describes the show as the most requested in their repertory and revived it in 2002 and again in 2010. Joe Cascone, artistic director of the Toronto Civic Light Opera Company, had long wanted to stage a","psg_id":"15238274"},{"title":"The Muppets' Wizard of Oz","text":"The Muppets' Wizard of Oz The Muppets' Wizard of Oz is a 2005 American-Canadian fantasy television film directed by Kirk Thatcher and starring Ashanti and The Muppets with supporting roles done by Jeffrey Tambor, Quentin Tarantino, David Alan Grier, and Queen Latifah. The film was produced by Bill Barretta and written by Debra Frank, Steve L. Hayes, Tom Martin, and Adam F. Goldberg based on a story by Frank and Hayes. A modernized adaptation of L. Frank Baum's \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\", the story follows young Dorothy Gale, who works in her Aunt Em's diner, but dreams of becoming","psg_id":"4588191"},{"title":"Adaptations of The Wizard of Oz","text":"Adaptations of The Wizard of Oz \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" is a 1900 children's novel written by American author L. Frank Baum. Since its first publication in 1900, it has been adapted many times: for film, television, theatre, books, comics, games, and other media. Many of the television programs cited in this list are not strict adaptions of \"The Wizard of Oz\"; rather, they have reinterpreted aspects of the book, such as characters and plot, to create sequels, prequels or side-plots, which are inspired by Baum's original text. There are over 40 canonical Oz books, including 14 by Baum,","psg_id":"10422514"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"Hamlin committed to making \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" into a musical stage play to publicize the novel. The play \"The Wizard of Oz\" debuted on June 16, 1902. It was revised to suit adult preferences and was crafted as a \"musical extravaganza\", with the costumes modeled after Denslow's drawings. Hill's publishing company became bankrupt in 1901, so Baum and Denslow agreed to have the Indianapolis-based Bobbs-Merrill Company resume publishing the novel. Baum's son Harry Neal told the \"Chicago Tribune\" in 1944 that L. Frank told his children \"whimsical stories before they became material for his books\". Harry called his","psg_id":"654680"},{"title":"Dorothy and the Witches of Oz","text":"Dorothy and the Witches of Oz Dorothy and the Witches of Oz is a 2012 film directed by Leigh Scott, based on the novels \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\", \"Ozma of Oz\", \"The Road to Oz\" and \"The Magic of Oz\" by L. Frank Baum. The film stars Paulie Redding, Billy Boyd, Eliza Swenson, Mia Sara, Lance Henriksen, and Christopher Lloyd. A longer version of the film was originally released as a TV miniseries in 2011 called The Witches of Oz, distributed by MarVista Entertainment. The miniseries was over an hour longer and had earlier versions of the special effects.","psg_id":"14941595"},{"title":"Dorothy and the Witches of Oz","text":"film a positive review, and stated that \"hopefully this won't be the only trip to Oz we'll get to take\". The soundtrack to the film, composed by Eliza Swenson, was released on iTunes, and then on a soundtrack CD in February 2012. Dorothy and the Witches of Oz Dorothy and the Witches of Oz is a 2012 film directed by Leigh Scott, based on the novels \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\", \"Ozma of Oz\", \"The Road to Oz\" and \"The Magic of Oz\" by L. Frank Baum. The film stars Paulie Redding, Billy Boyd, Eliza Swenson, Mia Sara, Lance Henriksen,","psg_id":"14941599"},{"title":"Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz","text":"premiered on the Boomerang channel in the United States on May 21, 2018. The series premiered on Boomerang in Africa in October 2017. The show was also premiered on Boomerang in the United Kingdom on October 2, 2017. In Canada, the show premiered on Treehouse TV on June 2, 2018. \"We're Not in Kansas Anymore\", a DVD release containing the first 5 episodes of the series, was released on March 27, 2018. Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz is an American animated children's television series based on L. Frank Baum's novel \"The Wonderful Wizard","psg_id":"20071376"},{"title":"Adaptations of The Wizard of Oz","text":"all of which are considered \"official\" sequels or prequels to \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\". In addition, the following books use the Oz milieu as settings for their tales: Kevin Scott Collier. \"The Wonderful Animated World of the Wizard of Oz: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly!\" CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2018. Adaptations of The Wizard of Oz \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" is a 1900 children's novel written by American author L. Frank Baum. Since its first publication in 1900, it has been adapted many times: for film, television, theatre, books, comics, games, and other media. Many of","psg_id":"10422515"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"was exposed to many people, so the inspiration for the story could have been taken from many different aspects of his life. In the introduction to the story, Baum writes that \"it aspires to being a modernized fairy tale, in which the wonderment and joy are retained and the heart-aches and nightmares are left out.\" This is one of the explanations that he gives for the inspiration for \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\". Baum, a former salesman of china, wrote in chapter 20 about china that had sprung to life. The original illustrator of the novel, W. W. Denslow, could","psg_id":"654706"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (musical)","text":"musical of \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" that was truer to Baum's original intentions, and as such, was able to incorporate various influences from the many adaptations of the story produced throughout the 20th century, including the original 1903 musical, the famous 1939 MGM film, the musical \"The Wiz\" and several others. In writing the libretto for the new musical, Cascone made Baum a character in the play as a narrator, also doubling as the Wizard. Composer and lyricist James Patrick Doyle was a long time Oz admirer who restored some of the music from Baum's \"The Maid of Arran\",","psg_id":"15238275"},{"title":"The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical)","text":"began running across the U.S. in October 2017. It features new scenic design, costumes & choreography. The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical) The Wizard of Oz is a musical with a book by John Kane, music by Harold Arlen and lyrics by E.Y. Harburg. It has additional background music by Herbert Stothart. It is based on the novel \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" by L. Frank Baum and the 1939 film version written by Noel Langley, Florence Ryerson and Edgar Allan Woolf. Successful musicals based on the Baum novel were created in 1902 (for Broadway) and 1945 (for St. Louis","psg_id":"12306818"},{"title":"The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical)","text":"The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical) The Wizard of Oz is a musical with a book by John Kane, music by Harold Arlen and lyrics by E.Y. Harburg. It has additional background music by Herbert Stothart. It is based on the novel \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" by L. Frank Baum and the 1939 film version written by Noel Langley, Florence Ryerson and Edgar Allan Woolf. Successful musicals based on the Baum novel were created in 1902 (for Broadway) and 1945 (for St. Louis Municipal Opera), the latter of which, using songs from the popular 1939 film, is still frequently","psg_id":"12306794"},{"title":"Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz","text":"Baum's other works. After 1907's \"Ozma of Oz,\" Baum devoted more of his energies to Oz. A 1906 contract between Baum and his publisher called for new Oz books at two-year intervals between 1907 and 1911. In fact, Baum accelerated this schedule, producing \"Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz\" only a year after the previous book. The effect of this effort on the quality of the resulting work can only be a matter of speculation; but commentators have noted that this fourth Oz book is darker and more troubling than usual. In it, Baum violates his own standard of leaving","psg_id":"2316681"},{"title":"The Wizard of Oz (1925 film)","text":"The Wizard of Oz (1925 film) The Wizard of Oz is a 1925 American silent fantasy-adventure comedy film directed by Larry Semon, who also performs in the lead role as a Kansas farmhand and later in the story disguised as the Scarecrow. This production, which is the only completed 1920s adaptation of L. Frank Baum's novel \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\", costars Dorothy Dwan as Dorothy, Oliver Hardy as the Tin Woodman in a portion of the film, and Spencer Bell briefly disguised as a less \"cowardly\" Lion than in the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer version of Baum's work. The 1925 film,","psg_id":"6377270"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"University Press of Kansas's \"Kansas Centennial Edition\", illustrated by Michael McCurdy with black-and-white illustrations, and Robert Sabuda's pop-up book. Baum wrote \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" without any thought of a sequel. After reading the novel, thousands of children wrote letters to him, requesting that he craft another story about Oz. In 1904, he wrote and published the first sequel, \"The Marvelous Land of Oz\", explaining that he grudgingly wrote the sequel to address the popular demand. Baum also wrote sequels in 1907, 1908, and 1909. In his 1911 \"The Emerald City of Oz\", he wrote that he could not","psg_id":"654716"},{"title":"The Wizard of Oz (1942 musical)","text":"The Wizard of Oz (1942 musical) The Wizard of Oz is a musical commissioned by the St. Louis Municipal Opera (The Muny) based on the novel, \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" by L. Frank Baum and the 1939 film, \"The Wizard of Oz\" and using the film's songs by Harold Arlen and E.Y. Harburg. The book of the musical is by Frank Gabrielson, who would later write an adaptation of \"The Marvelous Land of Oz\" for Shirley Temple (1960). The musical was first presented in 1942 at The Muny and has been revived many times thereafter, both by The Muny","psg_id":"15180728"},{"title":"Frank Joslyn Baum","text":"Frank Joslyn Baum Frank Joslyn Baum (December 3, 1883 – December 2, 1958) was a lawyer, soldier, writer, and film producer, and the first president of The International Wizard of Oz Club. He is best known as the author of \"To Please a Child\" (a biography of his father, L. Frank Baum) (1962) and \"The Laughing Dragon of Oz\" (1936). He was involved in the production of \"Wizard of Oz\" (1925), and \"The Wizard of Oz\" (1933), for which he also received writing credit, after which he sold \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" film rights to Samuel Goldwyn. His attempt","psg_id":"8756478"},{"title":"Dorothy Gale","text":"antagonist, Lord Vortech. Lord Vortech imprisons Dorothy and uses the Ruby Slippers as one of the foundation elements needed to create his \"perfect world\". Whatever becomes of Dorothy after Vortech's demise is up for questioning. Dorothy Gale Dorothy Gale is a fictional character created by American author L. Frank Baum as the main protagonist in many of his \"Oz\" novels. She first appears in Baum's classic children's novel \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" (1900) and reappears in most of its sequels. In addition, she is the main character in various adaptations, notably the classic 1939 film adaptation of the novel,","psg_id":"2316755"},{"title":"The Wizard of Oz (1902 musical)","text":"the Good Witch of the South. Dorothy and her friends arrive at the palace and are welcomed. There are great celebrations, with Glinda promising to send Dorothy home. The whole cast rushes out from the wings and sings the finale. L. Frank Baum decided to collaborate with his friend, composer Paul Tietjens, and \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" illustrator W. W. Denslow as set and costume designer, to bring the book to the stage. They completed a script, score and designs in 1901, hewing fairly close to the novel. They submitted the package to the manager of the Chicago Grand","psg_id":"8155670"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film)","text":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a 1910 American silent fantasy film and the earliest surviving film version of L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\", made by the Selig Polyscope Company without Baum's direct input. It was created to fulfill a contractual obligation associated with Baum's personal bankruptcy caused by \"The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays\", from which it was once thought to have been derived. It was partly based on the 1902 stage musical \"The Wizard of Oz\", though much of the film deals with the Wicked Witch of the","psg_id":"7239046"},{"title":"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)","text":"adaptation of what L. Frank Baum envisioned. In 1995, Gregory Maguire published the novel \"Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West\", which was adapted into the wildly successful Broadway musical \"Wicked\". The story describes the life of the Wicked Witch of the West and other events prior to Dorothy's arrival. For the film's 56th anniversary, a 1995 stage show also titled \"The Wizard of Oz\" was based upon it and the book by L. Frank Baum. It toured from 1995 to 2012, except for 2004. In 2005, The Muppets Studio produced \"The Muppets' Wizard of","psg_id":"2888824"},{"title":"Lion of Oz","text":"Lion of Oz Lion of Oz is a 2000 animated film set before the children's novel \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\". It tells the story of how the Cowardly Lion, formerly part of the Omaha Circus, came to be in Oz and how he stopped the Wicked Witch of the East from getting the Flower of Oz. It is based upon the book \"Lion of Oz and the Badge of Courage\" by Roger S. Baum (great-grandson of L. Frank Baum, the original author of the Oz books). The Lion simply called \"Lion\" is a circus lion, displayed in a cage","psg_id":"8249439"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (comics)","text":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (comics) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (2005) is a collection of three stories adapting the L.Frank Baum novel of the same name, written by David Chauvel with art by Enrique Fernandez First time published in French by Delcourt (2005), the album in English was published in the USA by Image Comics, on January 2, 2007 Its art inspired American artist's Skottie Young design for the adaptation he made 2009. for Marvel, with Fernandez sharing that Young admitted he had Spanish's comics on the desk while working on his own designs. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","psg_id":"14226877"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"continued to include these faces on gates. Baum did not offer any conclusive proof that he intended his novel to be a political allegory. Historian Ranjit S. Dighe wrote that for 60 years after the book's publication, \"virtually nobody\" had such an interpretation until Henry Littlefield, a high-school teacher. In his 1964 \"American Quarterly\" article, \"The Wizard of Oz: Parable on Populism\", Littlefield posited that the book contained an allegory of the late 19th-century bimetallism debate regarding monetary policy. Littlefield's thesis achieved some support, but has been strenuously attacked by others. \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" has become an established","psg_id":"654708"},{"title":"Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"both her own sister witch (Witch of the West) and the Wizard of Oz, leaving herself as undisputed master of all four corners of Oz: North, East, West and South (and presumably the Emerald City). She even showed her truest \"Machiavellian brilliance\" by allowing the story to be entitled after the weakest of her three opponents. Glinda could have told Dorothy that the \"silver slippers would easily do the job [of returning Dorothy to her beloved home] but decided that a destabilizing force such as Dorothy might be just the thing to shake up her other rival [The Wizard of","psg_id":"6852383"},{"title":"The Wizard of Oz (1925 film)","text":"relating to Oz. With regard to casting and personal relationships in the 1925 production of \"The Wizard of Oz\", Dorothy Dwan was Larry Semon's fiancée at the time of its filming. The couple would marry upon the feature's release and remain together until Semon's death just three years later, in 1928. \"L. Frank Baum, Jr.\" is also given top billing in the film's credits for cowriting the script. That credit refers to Frank Joslyn Baum, Baum's eldest son. Although his actual contribution to the screenplay is doubted by Baum scholar Michael Patrick Hearn, the son may have been involved in","psg_id":"6377281"},{"title":"The Wizard of Oz (1933 film)","text":"\"200 Classic Cartoons\". Thunderbean Animation has restored and remastered the cartoon, releasing it on Blu-ray and DVD as part of their 2014 compilation \"Technicolor Dreams and Black and White Nightmares\". The Wizard of Oz (1933 film) The Wizard of Oz (1933) is a Canadian animated short film directed by Ted Eshbaugh. The story is credited to \"Col. Frank Baum.\" Frank Joslyn Baum, a Lieutenant Colonel in the United States Army and eldest son of writer L. Frank Baum, was involved in the film's production, and may have had an involvement in the film's script, which is loosely inspired by the","psg_id":"11231259"},{"title":"The Tin Woodman of Oz","text":"The Tin Woodman of Oz The Tin Woodman of Oz: A Faithful Story of the Astonishing Adventure Undertaken by the Tin Woodman, Assisted by Woot the Wanderer, the Scarecrow of Oz, and Polychrome, the Rainbow's Daughter is the twelfth Land of Oz book written by L. Frank Baum and was originally published on May 13, 1918. The Tin Woodman is unexpectedly reunited with his Munchkin sweetheart Nimmie Amee from the days when he was flesh and blood. This was a back-story from \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\". The book was dedicated to the author's grandson Frank Alden Baum. The Tin","psg_id":"2302123"},{"title":"L. Frank Baum","text":"members of the Theosophical Society in 1892. Baum's beliefs are often reflected in his writing. The only mention of a church in his Oz books is the porcelain one which the Cowardly Lion breaks in the Dainty China Country in \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\". The Baums sent their older sons to \"Ethical Culture Sunday School\" in Chicago, which taught morality, not religion. L. Frank Baum Baum was born in Chittenango, New York in 1856 into a devout Methodist family. He had German, Scots-Irish and English ancestry. He was the seventh of nine children of Cynthia Ann (née Stanton) and","psg_id":"241800"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film)","text":"5 American film archives. This film is preserved by George Eastman House, has a running time of 13 minutes and an added piano score adapted from Paul Tietjens's music from the 1902 stage play and performed by Martin Marks. It is also included in the 3-disc edition of the 1939 film version. On this edition, John Thomas performs a compilation of Oz-related music by Louis F. Gottschalk. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a 1910 American silent fantasy film and the earliest surviving film version of L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel \"The Wonderful","psg_id":"7239059"},{"title":"Wizard of Oz (character)","text":"Wizard of Oz (character) Oscar Zoroaster Phadrig Isaac Norman Henkle Emmannuel Ambroise Diggs (also known as the Wizard of Oz and, during his reign, as Oz, the Great and Terrible) is a fictional character in the Land of Oz created by American author L. Frank Baum. The character was further popularized by a stage play and several movies, most famously the classic 1939 movie, as well as the 2013 prequel adaption. The Wizard is one of the characters in \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.\" Unseen for most of the novel, he is the ruler of the Land of Oz and","psg_id":"2351085"},{"title":"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)","text":"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film) The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical fantasy film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Widely considered to be one of the greatest films in cinema history, it is the best-known and most commercially successful adaptation of L. Frank Baum's 1900 children's book \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.\" It was directed primarily by Victor Fleming (who left production to take over direction on the troubled \"Gone with the Wind\" production). It stars Judy Garland as Dorothy Gale, alongside Ray Bolger, Jack Haley, Bert Lahr, Frank Morgan, Billie Burke, and Margaret Hamilton, with Charley Grapewin, Pat","psg_id":"2888748"},{"title":"Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz","text":"prior \"Ozma of Oz\" (1907). He was not entirely pleased with this, as the introduction to \"Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz\" opens with the protest that he knows many tales of many lands, and hoped that children would permit him to tell them those tales. Written shortly after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and around the time Baum moved to California, the book starts with an earthquake in California. Dorothy and others are swallowed up by cracks in the earth, and fall into an underground cavern, where they begin their adventures. Very little of the story—six of the twenty","psg_id":"2316672"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (comics)","text":"The series did not continue beyond the sixth Oz book. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (comics) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (2005) is a collection of three stories adapting the L.Frank Baum novel of the same name, written by David Chauvel with art by Enrique Fernandez First time published in French by Delcourt (2005), the album in English was published in the USA by Image Comics, on January 2, 2007 Its art inspired American artist's Skottie Young design for the adaptation he made 2009. for Marvel, with Fernandez sharing that Young admitted he had Spanish's comics on the desk while","psg_id":"14226880"},{"title":"After the Wizard","text":"After the Wizard After the Wizard is an independent film written and directed by Hugh Gross, based on \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" by L. Frank Baum. The film premiered in 2011 in Kingman, Kansas. The DVD, distributed by Breaking Glass Pictures, was released on August 7, 2012. A 12-year-old Kansas orphan turns to the Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman for help during a difficult time. She imagines that things have not gone well in Oz since the Wizard left and that the Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman must travel to Kansas to find Dorothy. Meanwhile, the orphanage leader gives","psg_id":"16592193"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"for the fact that the West was still undeveloped at the time. The Munchkins Dorothy encounters at the beginning of the novel represent farmers, as do the Winkies she later meets. Baum's wife frequently visited her niece, Dorothy Louise Gage. The infant became gravely sick and died on November 11, 1898, from \"congestion of the brain\" at exactly five months. When the baby, whom Maud adored as the daughter she never had, died, she was devastated and needed to consume medicine. To assuage her distress, Frank made his protagonist of \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" a female named Dorothy. Uncle","psg_id":"654704"},{"title":"Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz","text":"people live the \"high life.\" Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz (1939) is the thirty-third in the series of Oz books created by L. Frank Baum and his successors, and the nineteenth and last written by Ruth Plumly Thompson. It was illustrated by John R. Neill. The phrase \"The Wizard of Oz\" was included in the title to coincide with the MGM film \"The Wizard of Oz\", which was released the same year the book was published. As such, the focus of the story is on characters who appeared in the first book. Thompson","psg_id":"5838357"},{"title":"Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz","text":"Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz (1939) is the thirty-third in the series of Oz books created by L. Frank Baum and his successors, and the nineteenth and last written by Ruth Plumly Thompson. It was illustrated by John R. Neill. The phrase \"The Wizard of Oz\" was included in the title to coincide with the MGM film \"The Wizard of Oz\", which was released the same year the book was published. As such, the focus of the story is on characters who appeared in the first book. Thompson focuses the book most strongly","psg_id":"5838348"},{"title":"Frank Joslyn Baum","text":"lead. Sometimes these scripts are attributed to L. Frank, though this is not the case. Soon after the venture ended, Baum re-enlisted in the army and fought in World War I, achieving the rank of lieutenant colonel. After the death of L. Frank Baum, Ruth Plumly Thompson was selected to continue the Oz series by publishers Reilly & Lee. Frank Joslyn Baum had some desire to continue the series himself, but he represented his mother, who had turned over the rights to \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" to him once she had gotten them back from Harrison Rountree, who had","psg_id":"8756483"},{"title":"L. Frank Baum bibliography","text":"L. Frank Baum bibliography This is complete bibliography by American children's writer L. Frank Baum. This list omits those stories that appeared in \"Our Landlady\", \"American Fairy Tales\", \"Animal Fairy Tales\", \"Little Wizard Stories of Oz\", and \"Queer Visitors from the Marvelous Land of Oz\". Baum has been credited as the editor of \"In Other Lands Than Ours\" (1907), a collection of letters written by his wife Maud Gage Baum. Michael Patrick Hearn has identified 42 titles of stage plays associated with Baum, including those listed here and on the Oz books page, some probably redundant or reflective of alternate","psg_id":"19341451"},{"title":"The International Wizard of Oz Club","text":"original Oz series. The Club owns a small but fine collection of original artwork and archival materials. The International Wizard of Oz Club The International Wizard of Oz Club, Inc., was founded during 1957 by Justin G. Schiller, a then thirteen-year-old boy. The sixteen charter members, some of whom continue to make valuable contributions to the club, were garnered from the mailing list found among the papers of the recently deceased Jack Snow, with whom Schiller and the others had discussed the work of L. Frank Baum. The organization today has hundreds of members from all over the world, including","psg_id":"8265882"},{"title":"L. Frank Baum","text":"copyright) published \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" to much critical acclaim and financial success. The book was the best-selling children's book for two years after its initial publication. Baum went on to write thirteen more novels based on the places and people of the Land of Oz. Two years after \"Wizard\" publication, Baum and Denslow teamed up with composer Paul Tietjens and director Julian Mitchell to produce a musical stage version of the book under Fred R. Hamlin. Baum and Tietjens had worked on a musical of \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" in 1901 and based closely upon the book,","psg_id":"241773"},{"title":"Wizard of Oz experiment","text":"the name stuck.\" (Cited by permission.) There is also a passing reference to planned use of the \"Wizard of Oz experiments\" in a 1982 proceedings paper by Ford and Smith. One fact, presented in Kelley's dissertation, about the etymology of the term in this context: Dr. Kelley did originally have a definition for the “OZ” acronym (aside from the obvious parallels with the 1900 book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L Frank Baum). “Offline Zero” was a reference to the fact that an experimenter (the “Wizard”) was interpreting the users’ inputs in real time during the simulation phase. Similar","psg_id":"5813688"},{"title":"The International Wizard of Oz Club","text":"not linked to the original series: Gina Wickwar's \"The Hidden Prince of Oz\", with illustrations by Anna-Maria Cool. A Wickwar/Cool sequel followed in 2007, \"Toto of Oz.\" That same year it published \"The Collected Short Stories of L. Frank Baum.\" In addition, the Club has published a set of color-printed maps of The Marvelous Land of Oz and Countries Surrounding the Land of Oz, as well as new editions of short stories by L. Frank Baum and Ruth Plumly Thompson. Its best-selling publication is \"Bibliographia Oziana\" by Douglas G. Greene and Peter E. Hanff, which provides bibliographical descriptions of the","psg_id":"8265881"},{"title":"L. Frank Baum bibliography","text":"stars James Franco, Mila Kunis, Rachel Weisz, and Michelle Williams. L. Frank Baum bibliography This is complete bibliography by American children's writer L. Frank Baum. This list omits those stories that appeared in \"Our Landlady\", \"American Fairy Tales\", \"Animal Fairy Tales\", \"Little Wizard Stories of Oz\", and \"Queer Visitors from the Marvelous Land of Oz\". Baum has been credited as the editor of \"In Other Lands Than Ours\" (1907), a collection of letters written by his wife Maud Gage Baum. Michael Patrick Hearn has identified 42 titles of stage plays associated with Baum, including those listed here and on the","psg_id":"19341455"},{"title":"After the Wizard","text":"Dorothy a hard time. The film was shot at various locations in California, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, New Jersey, and New York. For her acting in \"After the Wizard\", actress Jordan Van Vranken won a Young Artist Award in the 34th Young Artist Awards for Best Performance in a DVD Film: Young Actress. After the Wizard After the Wizard is an independent film written and directed by Hugh Gross, based on \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" by L. Frank Baum. The film premiered in 2011 in Kingman, Kansas. The DVD, distributed by Breaking Glass Pictures, was released on August 7, 2012.","psg_id":"16592194"},{"title":"L. Frank Baum bibliography","text":"\"Return to Oz\" (1985), \"The Muppets' Wizard of Oz\", \"Tin Man\" (a re-imagining of the story televised in late 2007 on the Sci Fi Channel), and a variety of animated productions. Today's most successful Broadway show \"Wicked\" provides a history to the two Oz witches used in the classic MGM film. Gregory Maguire, author of the novel \"Wicked\" on which the musical is based, chose to honor L. Frank Baum by naming his main character Elphaba—a phonetic play on Baum's initials. The film \"Oz the Great and Powerful\" (2013) pays homage to MGM's film \"The Wizard of Oz\" (1939) and","psg_id":"19341454"},{"title":"The Wizard of Oz: Beyond the Yellow Brick Road","text":"The Wizard of Oz: Beyond the Yellow Brick Road The Wizard of Oz: Beyond the Yellow Brick Road, known in Japan as RIZ-ZOAWD, is a role-playing video game developed by Japanese developer Media.Vision for the Nintendo DS. The game is an adaptation of L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\", using its characters, locations and plot. The game was originally published in Japan by D3 Publisher on December 25, 2008. Xseed Games published the game in North America on September 29, 2009. Gameplay is restricted entirely to the Touch Screen. Moving Dorothy requires the player to use","psg_id":"12219746"},{"title":"Dorothy Gale","text":"Dorothy Gale Dorothy Gale is a fictional character created by American author L. Frank Baum as the main protagonist in many of his \"Oz\" novels. She first appears in Baum's classic children's novel \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" (1900) and reappears in most of its sequels. In addition, she is the main character in various adaptations, notably the classic 1939 film adaptation of the novel, \"The Wizard of Oz\". In later novels, the Land of Oz steadily becomes more familiar to her than her homeland of Kansas. Indeed, Dorothy eventually goes to live in an apartment in the Emerald City's","psg_id":"2316722"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"came from his file cabinet labeled \"O–Z\". Some critics have suggested that Baum may have been inspired by Australia, a relatively new country at the time of the book's original publication. Australia is often colloquially spelled or referred to as \"Oz\". Furthermore, in \"Ozma of Oz\" (1907), Dorothy gets back to Oz as the result of a storm at sea while she and Uncle Henry are traveling by ship to Australia. Like Australia, Oz is an island continent somewhere to the west of California with inhabited regions bordering on a great desert. One might imagine that Baum intended Oz to","psg_id":"654696"},{"title":"The Magic of Oz","text":"1918 had been an exceptionally good year. The high sales were most likely influenced by the death of Baum earlier in 1919. The Magic of Oz The Magic of Oz: A Faithful Record of the Remarkable Adventures of Dorothy and Trot and the Wizard of Oz, Together with the Cowardly Lion, the Hungry Tiger and Cap'n Bill, in Their Successful Search for a Magical and Beautiful Birthday Present for Princess Ozma of Oz is the thirteenth Land of Oz book written by L. Frank Baum. Published on June 7, 1919, one month after the author's death, \"The Magic of Oz\"","psg_id":"2350865"},{"title":"Apocalypse Oz","text":"Apocalypse Oz Apocalypse Oz is a 2006 short film. It is based on the novels \"Heart of Darkness\" by Joseph Conrad and \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" by L. Frank Baum. The script is a hybrid of the two classic films \"Apocalypse Now\" and \"The Wizard of Oz\", and uses only dialogue from these films. Dorothy Willard, an Amerasian product of the Vietnam War, is tired of living with her abusive foster parents in Kansas. Dorothy decides that \"there's no horror like home\" and accepts a dream mission that takes her deep into the desert to hunt down and \"terminate","psg_id":"15790485"},{"title":"The Wizard of Oz (1942 musical)","text":"his new rocket ship. \"The Wizard of Oz\" was first turned into a musical extravaganza by L. Frank Baum himself. It was a loose adaptation of Baum's 1900 novel that had no Wicked Witch, Toto, magic slippers or yellow brick road, but had several new characters and subplots. It first played in Chicago in 1902 and was a success on Broadway the following year. It then toured for seven years. Other early stage and film adaptations and versions of the novel followed, including a 1925 film. The 1939 film adaptation of the novel bore a closer resemblance to the novel's","psg_id":"15180734"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"noted, lessened during the prior 100 years. In a 2002 review, Bill Delaney of \"Salem Press\" praised Baum for giving children the opportunity to discover magic in the mundane things in their everyday lives. He further commended Baum for teaching \"millions of children to love reading during their crucial formative years\". The Library of Congress has declared \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" to be \"America's greatest and best-loved homegrown fairytale\", also naming it the first American fantasy for children and one of the most-read children's books. After George M. Hill's bankruptcy in 1902, copyright in the book passed to the","psg_id":"654714"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"be Australia, or perhaps a magical land in the center of the great Australian desert. Another influence lay in Lewis Carroll's \"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\". A September 1900 review in the \"Grand Rapids Herald\" called \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" a \"veritable \"Alice in Wonderland\" brought up to the present day standard of juvenile literature\". Baum found Carroll's plots incoherent, but he identified the books' source of popularity as Alice herself, a child with whom the child readers could identify; this influenced his choice of a protagonist. Baum was also influenced by Carroll's belief that children's books should have many","psg_id":"654697"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"inspired a number of now less well known stage and screen adaptations, including a profitable 1902 Broadway musical and three silent films. The 1939 film was considered innovative because of its songs, special effects, and revolutionary use of the new Technicolor. The story has been translated into other languages (at least once without permission) and adapted into comics several times. Following the lapse of the original copyright, the characters have been adapted and reused in spin-offs, unofficial sequels, and reinterpretations, some of which have been controversial in their treatment of Baum's characters. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz The Wonderful Wizard","psg_id":"654719"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (comics)","text":"(2009) is an eight-issue comic book limited series adapting the L. Frank Baum novel of the same name. The series was written by Eric Shanower with art by Skottie Young and published by Marvel Comics. When Kansas farm girl Dorothy Gale and her pet dog Toto are swept away to the magical Land of Oz in a cyclone, she fatally flattens the Wicked Witch of the East, liberates a talking Scarecrow, meets a Tin Woodman, a Cowardly Lion and is hailed by everyone as a great sorceress! But all Dorothy really wants to know is: how does she get back","psg_id":"14226878"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"total of 10,000 copies, which quickly sold out. \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" sold three million copies by the time it entered the public domain in 1956. The book was published by George M. Hill Company. Its first edition had a printing of 10,000 copies and was sold in advance of the publication date of September 1, 1900. On May 17, 1900, the first copy of the book came off the press; Baum assembled it by hand and presented it to his sister Mary Louise Baum Brewster. The public saw the book for the first time at a book fair","psg_id":"654678"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"pictures and be pleasurable to read. Carroll rejected the Victorian-era ideology that children's books should be saturated with morals, instead believing that children should be allowed to be children. Building on Carroll's style of numerous images accompanying the text, Baum combined the conventional features of a fairy tale (witches and wizards) with the well-known things in his readers' lives (scarecrows and cornfields). \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" is considered the first American fairy tale because of its references to clear American locations such as Kansas and Omaha. Baum agreed with authors such as Carroll that fantasy literature was important for","psg_id":"654698"},{"title":"Dorothy Gale","text":"tornado in Irving, Kansas, in May 1879 which included the name of a victim, Dorothy Gale, who was \"found buried face down in a mud puddle.\" In Baum's 1902 stage musical adaptation, Dorothy was played by Anna Laughlin. In 1908 L. Frank Baum adapted his early Oz novels as \"The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays\", with Romola Remus as Dorothy. This was followed by \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\", a motion picture short that Otis Turner, one of the directors of \"Fairylogue\", made without Baum as part of a contract fulfillment. In this 1910 film, Dorothy was played by Bebe Daniels. It","psg_id":"2316738"},{"title":"Little Wizard Stories of Oz","text":"Little Wizard Stories of Oz Little Wizard Stories of Oz is a set of six short stories written for young children by L. Frank Baum, the creator of the Oz books. The six tales were published in separate small booklets, \"Oz books in miniature,\" in 1913, and then in a collected edition in 1914 with illustrations by John R. Neill. Each booklet was 29 pages long, and printed in blue ink rather than black. The stories were part of a project, by Baum and his publisher Reilly & Britton, to revitalize and continue the series of Oz books that Baum","psg_id":"12728579"},{"title":"The Wonderful Galaxy of Oz","text":"crystals, the Crystal of Love, the Crystal of Wisdom, and the Crystal of Courage. These crystals were spread throughout the Galaxy and lost hundreds of years ago. According to the legend, whoever possesses all three crystals will rule the Galaxy of Oz for all Eternity. Under the guidance of Dr. Oz, Dorothy and an assortment of \"heroes\" set out to scour the Galaxy in search of the three magical crystals. Japan The Wonderful Galaxy of Oz The Wonderful Galaxy of Oz is a 1992 Japanese anime television series that is a futuristic adaptation of the classic story The Wonderful Wizard","psg_id":"8747272"},{"title":"The Unknown Witches of Oz","text":"The Unknown Witches of Oz The Unknown Witches of Oz: Locasta and the Three Adepts is a 2000 novel written by Dave Hardenbrook, with illustrations by Kerry Rouleau. As its title indicates, the book is an entry in the long-running series of books about the Land of Oz, written by L. Frank Baum and his successors. The publication of \"The Unknown Witches of Oz\" was timed to coincide with the centennial of the original Oz book, \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" (as was also true of Gina Wickwar's \"The Hidden Prince of Oz\" and Edward Einhorns's \"Paradox in Oz\"). Hardenbrook's","psg_id":"12681561"},{"title":"Ruby slippers","text":"of 2018. In L. Frank Baum's original novel, \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" (1900), on which the film is based, Dorothy wears Silver Shoes. However, the color of the shoes was changed to red in order to take full advantage of the new Technicolor film process being used in big-budget Hollywood films of that era. Film screenwriter Noel Langley is credited with the idea. In the MGM film, an adolescent farm girl named Dorothy (played by Judy Garland), her dog Toto, and their farmhouse are swept away from Kansas by a tornado and taken to the magical Land of Oz.","psg_id":"1622065"},{"title":"The Hidden Prince of Oz","text":"The Hidden Prince of Oz The Hidden Prince of Oz is a novel written by Gina Wickwar and illustrated by Anna-Maria Cool. As its title indicates, the book is an entrant into the series of Oz books by L. Frank Baum and his many successors. The publication of the book was timed to coincide with the centennial of the original Oz book, \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" (as was also true of Edward Einhorn's \"Paradox in Oz\" and Dave Hardenbrook's \"The Unknown Witches of Oz\"). It was the winner of the Club's Centennial book contest, which received over 100 entries","psg_id":"12672066"},{"title":"The Tik-Tok Man of Oz","text":"show languished before 1912, when Oliver Morosco agreed to produce it. The musical play \"The Tik-Tok Man of Oz\" was based on L. Frank Baum's 1907 Oz book \"Ozma of Oz,\" which in turn had incorporated material from Baum's unpublished manuscript \"King Rinkitink.\" The play incorporated material that Baum also used in his 1908 Oz book \"Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz.\" Baum used his characters of the Shaggy Man and Polychrome in both the play and his 1909 Oz book \"The Road to Oz,\" which he was working on at the same time. Newspaper accounts indicate that Baum began","psg_id":"15231747"},{"title":"The Wonderful Land of Oz","text":"The Wonderful Land of Oz The Wonderful Land of Oz is a 1969 film by Barry Mahon. It is a low budget but faithful adaptation of the novel \"The Marvelous Land of Oz\" by L. Frank Baum. Mahon told \"The New York Times\" that he was planning to get Judy Garland to narrate the film, but the film has almost no narration. Popular rumor is that Jinjur's Army of Revolt is composed of actors who had previously appeared in Mahon's nudie films. This is, however, not the case. The nudie films were made in New York City, while the children's","psg_id":"8355719"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"s publication in 1900, it received little critical analysis from scholars of children's literature. According to Ruth Berman of \"Science Fiction Studies\", the lists of suggested reading published for juvenile readers never contained Baum's work. The lack of interest stemmed from the scholars' misgivings about fantasy, as well as to their belief that lengthy series had little literary merit. It has frequently come under fire over the years. In 1957, the director of Detroit's libraries banned \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" for having \"no value\" for children of his day, for supporting \"negativism\", and for bringing","psg_id":"654711"},{"title":"Dorothy of Oz (book)","text":"Dorothy of Oz (book) Dorothy of Oz is a children's novel written by L. Frank Baum's great-grandson Roger S. Baum. The book details Dorothy Gale returning to the Land of Oz when a Jester has been using the wand of the Wicked Witch of the West (which also contained the ghost of the Wicked Witch of the West) to take over the Land of Oz. The book was adapted into a film called \"\" in 2014 by Clarius Entertainment. Several weeks after returning to Kansas from the Land of Oz, Dorothy Gale looks out of her bedroom window and sees","psg_id":"15689444"},{"title":"His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz","text":"loosely based on Baum's book \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\", but in the screenplay Baum introduced many new characters and a large new story that later became the basis for the 1915 book \"The Scarecrow of Oz\". Similar to \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\", the Scarecrow's origin is revealed, although his life is now attributed to \"the Spirit of the Corn\", who appears as a conventional Hollywood depiction of a Native American. The Tin Woodman is found rusted stiff and oiled, but he is already Emperor of the Winkies. Dorothy is a slave to Mombi (Wells) who looks like W.W.","psg_id":"7947193"},{"title":"The Marvelous Land of Oz","text":"book. Unlike the original book, however, Dorothy is the protagonist rather than Tippetarius. The Marvelous Land of Oz The Marvelous Land of Oz: Being an Account of the Further Adventures of the Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman, commonly shortened to The Land of Oz, published on July 5, 1904, is the second of L. Frank Baum's books set in the Land of Oz, and the sequel to \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" (1900). This and the next 34 Oz books of the famous 40 were illustrated by John R. Neill. The book was made into an episode of \"The Shirley","psg_id":"2293773"},{"title":"Tales of the Wizard of Oz","text":"Tales of the Wizard of Oz Tales of the Wizard of Oz is a 1961 animated television series produced by Crawley Films for Videocraft (later known as Rankin/Bass Productions). This is the second animated series produced by the studio, and the first by Rankin/Bass to feature traditional animation. The series features stories derived from characters created in L. Frank Baum's book \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\". Several characters are given additional names, including Dandy the Cowardly Lion, Rusty the Tin Man, and Socrates the Scarecrow. Artistic renditions of the Oz characters created for this series were later featured in the","psg_id":"7405992"},{"title":"The International Wizard of Oz Club","text":"The International Wizard of Oz Club The International Wizard of Oz Club, Inc., was founded during 1957 by Justin G. Schiller, a then thirteen-year-old boy. The sixteen charter members, some of whom continue to make valuable contributions to the club, were garnered from the mailing list found among the papers of the recently deceased Jack Snow, with whom Schiller and the others had discussed the work of L. Frank Baum. The organization today has hundreds of members from all over the world, including children, adults who were alive when the books were still being published annually, ardent Baumists, Oz collectors,","psg_id":"8265875"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1986 TV series)","text":"she just killed the Wicked Witch of the East, as her house landed directly on top of her, and by doing so she freed the Munchkins from slavery. She also tells her that the only person able to send her back home is the Wizard of Oz. Dorothy is given the Silver Shoes of the Wicked Witch of the East and sent off along the Yellow Brick Road towards the Emerald City to see the Wonderful Wizard of Oz in hope of getting back to Kansas. On her way to the Wizard, Dorothy meets the Scarecrow, made entirely of straw","psg_id":"7139615"},{"title":"Wicked Witch of the West","text":"with her, the Wicked Witch of the South and Mombi to conquer the Land of Oz and divide it among themselves, as recounted in L. Frank Baum's \"Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz\". She shows no interest in the death of the Eastern Witch, and all she cares about is obtaining the Silver Shoes which will increase her power. W. W. Denslow's illustrations for \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" depict her as a paunched old hag with three pigtails and an eye-patch. L. Frank Baum himself specified that she only had one eye, but that it \"was as powerful as","psg_id":"3655713"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"own reward.\" After Baum's death in 1919, Baum's publishers delegated the creation of more sequels to Ruth Plumly Thompson who wrote 21. An original \"Oz\" book was published every Christmas between 1913 and 1942. By 1956, five million copies of the \"Oz\" books had been published in the English language, while hundreds of thousands had been published in eight foreign languages. \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" has been adapted to other media numerous times, most famously in \"The Wizard of Oz\", the 1939 film starring Judy Garland, Ray Bolger, Jack Haley, and Bert Lahr. Until this version, the book had","psg_id":"654718"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"also have influenced the story and the way it has been interpreted. Baum and Denslow had a close working relationship and worked together to create the presentation of the story through the images and the text. Color is an important element of the story and is present throughout the images, with each chapter having a different color representation. Denslow also added characteristics to his drawings that Baum never described. For example, Denslow drew a house and the gates of the Emerald City with faces on them. In the later Oz books, John R. Neill, who illustrated all of the sequels,","psg_id":"654707"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (musical)","text":"Baum/Wizard and the Cowardly Lion), presented highlights of this musical as well as of many other Oz musical incarnations at the International Wizard of Oz Club's Winkie Convention at Asilomar Conference Center in Pacific Grove, California, on July 9, 2011 as part of a concert entitled \"Songs in the Key of Oz\" which is also available on CD. The show is to be presented again from November 29 to December 10, 2017 at the Zion Cultural Centre, Toronto featuring members of the original 2000, 2002 and 2010 casts (including Cascone and Haines) along with several newcomers to the various roles.","psg_id":"15238277"},{"title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film)","text":"stage show, however, were used in the later MGM film which has become so famous.) As is clear from the plot descriptions below, the presence of Eureka the kitten is drawn from the commingling of material from \"The Marvelous Land of Oz\" and \"Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz\"; Eureka appears in the latter novel. Long thought to be culled from footage from \"The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays\" (a feature length stage and film show created and presented by Baum in 1908), this was proven not to be the case when the film was recovered. Although the only known \"Fairylogue\" film","psg_id":"7239053"},{"title":"Uncle Henry (Oz)","text":"Uncle Henry (Oz) Uncle Henry is a fictional character from The Oz Books by L. Frank Baum. He is the uncle of Dorothy Gale and husband of Aunt Em, and lived with them on a farm in Kansas. After their house was famously carried off to the Land of Oz by a tornado in \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\", Henry mortgaged his farm in order to rebuild. This crisis, combined with the stress of Dorothy's prolonged disappearance and sudden reappearance, took a toll on his health, and his doctor ordered him to take a vacation. He took Dorothy with him","psg_id":"6430747"},{"title":"Dorothy of Oz (book)","text":"Hugh Dancy as Marshal Mallow (who is exclusive to the film), Megan Hilty as the China Princess, Patrick Stewart as Tugg, and Oliver Platt as Wiser the Owl. Dorothy of Oz (book) Dorothy of Oz is a children's novel written by L. Frank Baum's great-grandson Roger S. Baum. The book details Dorothy Gale returning to the Land of Oz when a Jester has been using the wand of the Wicked Witch of the West (which also contained the ghost of the Wicked Witch of the West) to take over the Land of Oz. The book was adapted into a film","psg_id":"15689450"},{"title":"Dorothy Gale","text":"in Oz. Hank knows that he is in Oz because his mother, Dorothy Gale-Stover, had been there back in 1890 and later told him of her experiences. Farmer's premise is that Dorothy only visited Oz once and told her story to a journalist called Frank Baum. This journalist would later create a series of books from Dorothy's only adventure in Oz. Farmer's Oz is on the brink of both a civil war and an invasion by the United States Army. Dorothy's last name is never mentioned in \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" or \"The Marvelous Land of Oz\", the first","psg_id":"2316735"},{"title":"Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz","text":"out most elements that can disturb or frighten children. \"In the first two-thirds of the book, Dorothy and her friends...barely escape from an unrelenting succession of threatening magical countries...\" In the company of the Wizard, \"Dorothy is a helpless little girl, given no opportunity to show her resourcefulness.\" When Oz is finally reached, it is a bland \"goody-goody place\" with few positive events to offer. In the early 1900s, continuity does not seem to have been high on the list of priorities, as the fantasy genre was just then a burgeoning field. While Baum indicates that he was the \"royal\"","psg_id":"2316682"},{"title":"Roger S. Baum","text":"Roger S. Baum Roger Stanton Baum (born 1938) is a former banker and stockbroker, and currently (as of 2005) a children's author, residing in Las Vegas. Baum publishes under the name Roger S. Baum. Baum is a former resident of Los Angeles. He also tours the country, reading from and signing his children's books. Baum is a great-grandson of L. Frank Baum, the original creator of the \"Oz\" series, and grandson of Frank Joslyn Baum, who published \"The Laughing Dragon of Oz\" in 1935. Many of Roger S. Baum's children's books are set in the same world. Baum had written","psg_id":"6011948"},{"title":"Little Wizard Stories of Oz","text":"two later the four tales were released again, as part of a promotion for a \"Wizard of Oz\" radio program (sponsored by Jell-O). Rand McNally published the six stories in three booklets in 1939. Little Wizard Stories of Oz Little Wizard Stories of Oz is a set of six short stories written for young children by L. Frank Baum, the creator of the Oz books. The six tales were published in separate small booklets, \"Oz books in miniature,\" in 1913, and then in a collected edition in 1914 with illustrations by John R. Neill. Each booklet was 29 pages long,","psg_id":"12728584"},{"title":"Frank Joslyn Baum","text":"about which L. Frank Baum wrote. \"\" credits Michael Patrick Hearn as a principal source. While Hearn collaborated with David Brooks on the original treatment, the final script by Richard Matheson primarily relied upon \"To Please a Child\". In the film, Frank Joslyn Baum (called \"Frank, Jr.\" in the credits) was played by three actors, Joshua Boyd (age 3), Tim Eyster (ages 5–9), and Christopher Pettiet (teenage). Frank Joslyn Baum Frank Joslyn Baum (December 3, 1883 – December 2, 1958) was a lawyer, soldier, writer, and film producer, and the first president of The International Wizard of Oz Club. He","psg_id":"8756492"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"Oz].\\\" Kassinger, in her book \\\"Gold: From Greek Myth to Computer Chips\\\", purports that \\\"The Wizard symbolizes bankers who support the gold standard and oppose adding silver to it... Only Dorothy's \\\"silver\\\" slippers can take her home to Kansas,\\\" meaning that by Dorothy not realizing that she had the silver slippers the whole time, Dorothy, or \\\"the westerners\\\", never realized they already had a viable currency of the people. Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Political interpretations of \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" include treatments of the modern fairy tale (written by L. Frank Baum and first published\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6852384\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (musical)\",\n \"text\": \"2000 and 2002. In the 2010 production, Olivia Stupka and Alisa Berindea alternated in the role of Dorothy. Nicole Burda will assume the role of Dorothy for the 2017 production. Members of the original casts to reprise their original roles again in 2017 are David Haines as the Cowardly Lion, Joe Cascone as L. Frank Baum/Wizard and Sandi Horwitz as Locasta. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (musical) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a musical play based on the novel of the same title by L. Frank Baum that premiered at the Toronto Civic Light Opera Company in 2000. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15238279\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story\",\n \"text\": \"miniseries where they played a couple. The film depicts how L. Frank Baum came to create \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" while undergoing and eventually overcoming professional and personal failures. The story is interspersed with the famous Oz story, shown at certain points when Baum is writing down his ideas. It is shown that Baum was originally telling this to a group of kids, who asked him the name of this location, to which he looks at a file cabinet with one drawer marked O-Z and decided \\\"Oz\\\". Another idea Baum had thought of was to say Dorothy was born\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4615521\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz\",\n \"text\": \"Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz is the fourth book set in the Land of Oz written by L. Frank Baum and illustrated by John R. Neill. It was published on June 18, 1908 and reunites Dorothy with the humbug Wizard from \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" (1900). This is one of only two of the original fourteen Oz books (the other being \\\"The Emerald City of Oz\\\" (1910), to be illustrated with watercolor paintings. Baum, having resigned himself to writing a series of Oz books, set up elements of this book in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2316671\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz\",\n \"text\": \"historian of Oz, there are several incongruities throughout the series that do not match up across the entire canon. Some of these were later reconciled by modern stories. Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz is the fourth book set in the Land of Oz written by L. Frank Baum and illustrated by John R. Neill. It was published on June 18, 1908 and reunites Dorothy with the humbug Wizard from \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" (1900). This is one of only two of the original fourteen Oz books (the other being \\\"The Emerald City\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2316683\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story\",\n \"text\": \"in the Dakota Territory, only to scrap that sentence in favor of Kansas. The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story is a 1990 made-for-television biographical film starring John Ritter as Lyman Frank Baum, the man who wrote \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" and thirteen of the other Oz books. Also starring in this TV movie was Annette O'Toole as Baum's supportive wife, Maud, and Rue McClanahan as Baum's tough mother-in-law, Matilda Gage. John's son, Jason Ritter, makes his debut in this telefilm as Harry Neal Baum. At the time\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4615522\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story\",\n \"text\": \"The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story is a 1990 made-for-television biographical film starring John Ritter as Lyman Frank Baum, the man who wrote \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" and thirteen of the other Oz books. Also starring in this TV movie was Annette O'Toole as Baum's supportive wife, Maud, and Rue McClanahan as Baum's tough mother-in-law, Matilda Gage. John's son, Jason Ritter, makes his debut in this telefilm as Harry Neal Baum. At the time of the film's debut, O'Toole and Ritter also starred in \\\"It\\\", a TV\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4615520\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz The Wonderful Wizard of Oz () is an American children's novel written by author L. Frank Baum and illustrated by W. W. Denslow, originally published by the George M. Hill Company in Chicago on May 17, 1900. It has since seen several reprints, most often under the title The Wizard of Oz, which is the title of the popular 1902 Broadway musical adaptation as well as the iconic 1939 musical film adaptation. The story chronicles the adventures of a young farm girl named Dorothy in the magical Land of Oz, after she and her pet\",\n \"psg_id\": \"654676\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz is an American animated children's television series based on L. Frank Baum's novel \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" and its subsequent books, as well as its 1939 film adaptation. The series debuted on Boomerang SVOD on June 29, 2017. The series was picked up for a second and third season. After the Wicked Witch of the West was melted by water, Queen Ozma has appointed Dorothy Gale the Princess of Emerald City. With her feet firmly grounded in her ruby slippers, Dorothy tackles her royal duties with enthusiasm,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20071372\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1986 TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1986 TV series) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, known in Japan as , is a Japanese anime television series adaptation based on four of the original Oz books by L. Frank Baum. In Japan, the series aired on TV Tokyo from 1986 to 1987. It consists of 52 episodes, which explain other parts of the Oz stories, including the events that happened after Dorothy returned home. In 1987, HBO purchased the rights to the series and dubbed it into English. Production for the English version was done by the Canadian studio Cookie Jar Group (known\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7139611\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1986 TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"by L. Frank Baum. The first story arc is an adaptation of the first Oz book, \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\". It follows the adventures of Dorothy, an orphan girl living out in the gray prairies of Kansas with her Aunt Em, her Uncle Henry and her dog Toto. One day, After Em and Uncle Henry leave Dorothy and Toto alone in order to travel into town. A tornado appears, uproots the farmhouse, with Dorothy and Toto inside, and transports it to the Land of Oz. In Oz Dorothy meets the Good Witch of the North, who tells her that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7139614\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1902 musical)\",\n \"text\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1902 musical) The Wizard of Oz was a 1902 musical extravaganza based on \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" by L. Frank Baum, which was originally published in 1900. Much of the original music was by Paul Tietjens and has been mostly forgotten, although it was still well-remembered and in discussion at MGM in 1939 when the classic film version of the story was made. Although Baum is the credited bookwriter, Glen MacDonough was hired on as jokewriter after Baum had finished the script. The show premiered at the Chicago Grand Opera House on June 16, 1902\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8155662\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Political interpretations of \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" include treatments of the modern fairy tale (written by L. Frank Baum and first published in 1900) as an allegory or metaphor for the political, economic, and social events of America in the 1890s. Scholars have examined four quite different versions of Oz: the novel of 1900, the Broadway play of 1901, the Hollywood film of 1939, and the numerous follow-up Oz novels written after 1900 by Baum and others. The political interpretations focus on the first three, and emphasize the close relationship between\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6852371\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1933 film)\",\n \"text\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1933 film) The Wizard of Oz (1933) is a Canadian animated short film directed by Ted Eshbaugh. The story is credited to \\\"Col. Frank Baum.\\\" Frank Joslyn Baum, a Lieutenant Colonel in the United States Army and eldest son of writer L. Frank Baum, was involved in the film's production, and may have had an involvement in the film's script, which is loosely inspired by the elder Baum's novel, \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\". It runs approximately eight and a half minutes and is nearly absent of language, working mainly with arrangements of classical music created\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11231253\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (musical)\",\n \"text\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (musical) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a musical play based on the novel of the same title by L. Frank Baum that premiered at the Toronto Civic Light Opera Company in 2000. The lyrics are by James Patrick Doyle and Joe Cascone, the music is by Doyle and the book is by Cascone who also directed. This company describes the show as the most requested in their repertory and revived it in 2002 and again in 2010. Joe Cascone, artistic director of the Toronto Civic Light Opera Company, had long wanted to stage a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15238274\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Muppets' Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"The Muppets' Wizard of Oz The Muppets' Wizard of Oz is a 2005 American-Canadian fantasy television film directed by Kirk Thatcher and starring Ashanti and The Muppets with supporting roles done by Jeffrey Tambor, Quentin Tarantino, David Alan Grier, and Queen Latifah. The film was produced by Bill Barretta and written by Debra Frank, Steve L. Hayes, Tom Martin, and Adam F. Goldberg based on a story by Frank and Hayes. A modernized adaptation of L. Frank Baum's \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\", the story follows young Dorothy Gale, who works in her Aunt Em's diner, but dreams of becoming\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4588191\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Adaptations of The Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"Adaptations of The Wizard of Oz \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" is a 1900 children's novel written by American author L. Frank Baum. Since its first publication in 1900, it has been adapted many times: for film, television, theatre, books, comics, games, and other media. Many of the television programs cited in this list are not strict adaptions of \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\"; rather, they have reinterpreted aspects of the book, such as characters and plot, to create sequels, prequels or side-plots, which are inspired by Baum's original text. There are over 40 canonical Oz books, including 14 by Baum,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10422514\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"Hamlin committed to making \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" into a musical stage play to publicize the novel. The play \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\" debuted on June 16, 1902. It was revised to suit adult preferences and was crafted as a \\\"musical extravaganza\\\", with the costumes modeled after Denslow's drawings. Hill's publishing company became bankrupt in 1901, so Baum and Denslow agreed to have the Indianapolis-based Bobbs-Merrill Company resume publishing the novel. Baum's son Harry Neal told the \\\"Chicago Tribune\\\" in 1944 that L. Frank told his children \\\"whimsical stories before they became material for his books\\\". Harry called his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"654680\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dorothy and the Witches of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"Dorothy and the Witches of Oz Dorothy and the Witches of Oz is a 2012 film directed by Leigh Scott, based on the novels \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\", \\\"Ozma of Oz\\\", \\\"The Road to Oz\\\" and \\\"The Magic of Oz\\\" by L. Frank Baum. The film stars Paulie Redding, Billy Boyd, Eliza Swenson, Mia Sara, Lance Henriksen, and Christopher Lloyd. A longer version of the film was originally released as a TV miniseries in 2011 called The Witches of Oz, distributed by MarVista Entertainment. The miniseries was over an hour longer and had earlier versions of the special effects.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14941595\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dorothy and the Witches of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"film a positive review, and stated that \\\"hopefully this won't be the only trip to Oz we'll get to take\\\". The soundtrack to the film, composed by Eliza Swenson, was released on iTunes, and then on a soundtrack CD in February 2012. Dorothy and the Witches of Oz Dorothy and the Witches of Oz is a 2012 film directed by Leigh Scott, based on the novels \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\", \\\"Ozma of Oz\\\", \\\"The Road to Oz\\\" and \\\"The Magic of Oz\\\" by L. Frank Baum. The film stars Paulie Redding, Billy Boyd, Eliza Swenson, Mia Sara, Lance Henriksen,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14941599\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"premiered on the Boomerang channel in the United States on May 21, 2018. The series premiered on Boomerang in Africa in October 2017. The show was also premiered on Boomerang in the United Kingdom on October 2, 2017. In Canada, the show premiered on Treehouse TV on June 2, 2018. \\\"We're Not in Kansas Anymore\\\", a DVD release containing the first 5 episodes of the series, was released on March 27, 2018. Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz is an American animated children's television series based on L. Frank Baum's novel \\\"The Wonderful Wizard\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20071376\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Adaptations of The Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"all of which are considered \\\"official\\\" sequels or prequels to \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\". In addition, the following books use the Oz milieu as settings for their tales: Kevin Scott Collier. \\\"The Wonderful Animated World of the Wizard of Oz: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly!\\\" CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2018. Adaptations of The Wizard of Oz \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" is a 1900 children's novel written by American author L. Frank Baum. Since its first publication in 1900, it has been adapted many times: for film, television, theatre, books, comics, games, and other media. Many of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10422515\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"was exposed to many people, so the inspiration for the story could have been taken from many different aspects of his life. In the introduction to the story, Baum writes that \\\"it aspires to being a modernized fairy tale, in which the wonderment and joy are retained and the heart-aches and nightmares are left out.\\\" This is one of the explanations that he gives for the inspiration for \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\". Baum, a former salesman of china, wrote in chapter 20 about china that had sprung to life. The original illustrator of the novel, W. W. Denslow, could\",\n \"psg_id\": \"654706\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (musical)\",\n \"text\": \"musical of \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" that was truer to Baum's original intentions, and as such, was able to incorporate various influences from the many adaptations of the story produced throughout the 20th century, including the original 1903 musical, the famous 1939 MGM film, the musical \\\"The Wiz\\\" and several others. In writing the libretto for the new musical, Cascone made Baum a character in the play as a narrator, also doubling as the Wizard. Composer and lyricist James Patrick Doyle was a long time Oz admirer who restored some of the music from Baum's \\\"The Maid of Arran\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15238275\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical)\",\n \"text\": \"began running across the U.S. in October 2017. It features new scenic design, costumes & choreography. The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical) The Wizard of Oz is a musical with a book by John Kane, music by Harold Arlen and lyrics by E.Y. Harburg. It has additional background music by Herbert Stothart. It is based on the novel \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" by L. Frank Baum and the 1939 film version written by Noel Langley, Florence Ryerson and Edgar Allan Woolf. Successful musicals based on the Baum novel were created in 1902 (for Broadway) and 1945 (for St. Louis\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12306818\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical)\",\n \"text\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical) The Wizard of Oz is a musical with a book by John Kane, music by Harold Arlen and lyrics by E.Y. Harburg. It has additional background music by Herbert Stothart. It is based on the novel \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" by L. Frank Baum and the 1939 film version written by Noel Langley, Florence Ryerson and Edgar Allan Woolf. Successful musicals based on the Baum novel were created in 1902 (for Broadway) and 1945 (for St. Louis Municipal Opera), the latter of which, using songs from the popular 1939 film, is still frequently\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12306794\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz\",\n \"text\": \"Baum's other works. After 1907's \\\"Ozma of Oz,\\\" Baum devoted more of his energies to Oz. A 1906 contract between Baum and his publisher called for new Oz books at two-year intervals between 1907 and 1911. In fact, Baum accelerated this schedule, producing \\\"Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz\\\" only a year after the previous book. The effect of this effort on the quality of the resulting work can only be a matter of speculation; but commentators have noted that this fourth Oz book is darker and more troubling than usual. In it, Baum violates his own standard of leaving\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2316681\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1925 film)\",\n \"text\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1925 film) The Wizard of Oz is a 1925 American silent fantasy-adventure comedy film directed by Larry Semon, who also performs in the lead role as a Kansas farmhand and later in the story disguised as the Scarecrow. This production, which is the only completed 1920s adaptation of L. Frank Baum's novel \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\", costars Dorothy Dwan as Dorothy, Oliver Hardy as the Tin Woodman in a portion of the film, and Spencer Bell briefly disguised as a less \\\"cowardly\\\" Lion than in the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer version of Baum's work. The 1925 film,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6377270\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"University Press of Kansas's \\\"Kansas Centennial Edition\\\", illustrated by Michael McCurdy with black-and-white illustrations, and Robert Sabuda's pop-up book. Baum wrote \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" without any thought of a sequel. After reading the novel, thousands of children wrote letters to him, requesting that he craft another story about Oz. In 1904, he wrote and published the first sequel, \\\"The Marvelous Land of Oz\\\", explaining that he grudgingly wrote the sequel to address the popular demand. Baum also wrote sequels in 1907, 1908, and 1909. In his 1911 \\\"The Emerald City of Oz\\\", he wrote that he could not\",\n \"psg_id\": \"654716\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1942 musical)\",\n \"text\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1942 musical) The Wizard of Oz is a musical commissioned by the St. Louis Municipal Opera (The Muny) based on the novel, \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" by L. Frank Baum and the 1939 film, \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\" and using the film's songs by Harold Arlen and E.Y. Harburg. The book of the musical is by Frank Gabrielson, who would later write an adaptation of \\\"The Marvelous Land of Oz\\\" for Shirley Temple (1960). The musical was first presented in 1942 at The Muny and has been revived many times thereafter, both by The Muny\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15180728\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Frank Joslyn Baum\",\n \"text\": \"Frank Joslyn Baum Frank Joslyn Baum (December 3, 1883 – December 2, 1958) was a lawyer, soldier, writer, and film producer, and the first president of The International Wizard of Oz Club. He is best known as the author of \\\"To Please a Child\\\" (a biography of his father, L. Frank Baum) (1962) and \\\"The Laughing Dragon of Oz\\\" (1936). He was involved in the production of \\\"Wizard of Oz\\\" (1925), and \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\" (1933), for which he also received writing credit, after which he sold \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" film rights to Samuel Goldwyn. His attempt\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8756478\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dorothy Gale\",\n \"text\": \"antagonist, Lord Vortech. Lord Vortech imprisons Dorothy and uses the Ruby Slippers as one of the foundation elements needed to create his \\\"perfect world\\\". Whatever becomes of Dorothy after Vortech's demise is up for questioning. Dorothy Gale Dorothy Gale is a fictional character created by American author L. Frank Baum as the main protagonist in many of his \\\"Oz\\\" novels. She first appears in Baum's classic children's novel \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" (1900) and reappears in most of its sequels. In addition, she is the main character in various adaptations, notably the classic 1939 film adaptation of the novel,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2316755\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1902 musical)\",\n \"text\": \"the Good Witch of the South. Dorothy and her friends arrive at the palace and are welcomed. There are great celebrations, with Glinda promising to send Dorothy home. The whole cast rushes out from the wings and sings the finale. L. Frank Baum decided to collaborate with his friend, composer Paul Tietjens, and \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" illustrator W. W. Denslow as set and costume designer, to bring the book to the stage. They completed a script, score and designs in 1901, hewing fairly close to the novel. They submitted the package to the manager of the Chicago Grand\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8155670\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film)\",\n \"text\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a 1910 American silent fantasy film and the earliest surviving film version of L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\", made by the Selig Polyscope Company without Baum's direct input. It was created to fulfill a contractual obligation associated with Baum's personal bankruptcy caused by \\\"The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays\\\", from which it was once thought to have been derived. It was partly based on the 1902 stage musical \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\", though much of the film deals with the Wicked Witch of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7239046\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\",\n \"text\": \"adaptation of what L. Frank Baum envisioned. In 1995, Gregory Maguire published the novel \\\"Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West\\\", which was adapted into the wildly successful Broadway musical \\\"Wicked\\\". The story describes the life of the Wicked Witch of the West and other events prior to Dorothy's arrival. For the film's 56th anniversary, a 1995 stage show also titled \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\" was based upon it and the book by L. Frank Baum. It toured from 1995 to 2012, except for 2004. In 2005, The Muppets Studio produced \\\"The Muppets' Wizard of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2888824\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lion of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"Lion of Oz Lion of Oz is a 2000 animated film set before the children's novel \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\". It tells the story of how the Cowardly Lion, formerly part of the Omaha Circus, came to be in Oz and how he stopped the Wicked Witch of the East from getting the Flower of Oz. It is based upon the book \\\"Lion of Oz and the Badge of Courage\\\" by Roger S. Baum (great-grandson of L. Frank Baum, the original author of the Oz books). The Lion simply called \\\"Lion\\\" is a circus lion, displayed in a cage\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8249439\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (comics)\",\n \"text\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (comics) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (2005) is a collection of three stories adapting the L.Frank Baum novel of the same name, written by David Chauvel with art by Enrique Fernandez First time published in French by Delcourt (2005), the album in English was published in the USA by Image Comics, on January 2, 2007 Its art inspired American artist's Skottie Young design for the adaptation he made 2009. for Marvel, with Fernandez sharing that Young admitted he had Spanish's comics on the desk while working on his own designs. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14226877\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"continued to include these faces on gates. Baum did not offer any conclusive proof that he intended his novel to be a political allegory. Historian Ranjit S. Dighe wrote that for 60 years after the book's publication, \\\"virtually nobody\\\" had such an interpretation until Henry Littlefield, a high-school teacher. In his 1964 \\\"American Quarterly\\\" article, \\\"The Wizard of Oz: Parable on Populism\\\", Littlefield posited that the book contained an allegory of the late 19th-century bimetallism debate regarding monetary policy. Littlefield's thesis achieved some support, but has been strenuously attacked by others. \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" has become an established\",\n \"psg_id\": \"654708\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"both her own sister witch (Witch of the West) and the Wizard of Oz, leaving herself as undisputed master of all four corners of Oz: North, East, West and South (and presumably the Emerald City). She even showed her truest \\\"Machiavellian brilliance\\\" by allowing the story to be entitled after the weakest of her three opponents. Glinda could have told Dorothy that the \\\"silver slippers would easily do the job [of returning Dorothy to her beloved home] but decided that a destabilizing force such as Dorothy might be just the thing to shake up her other rival [The Wizard of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6852383\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1925 film)\",\n \"text\": \"relating to Oz. With regard to casting and personal relationships in the 1925 production of \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\", Dorothy Dwan was Larry Semon's fiancée at the time of its filming. The couple would marry upon the feature's release and remain together until Semon's death just three years later, in 1928. \\\"L. Frank Baum, Jr.\\\" is also given top billing in the film's credits for cowriting the script. That credit refers to Frank Joslyn Baum, Baum's eldest son. Although his actual contribution to the screenplay is doubted by Baum scholar Michael Patrick Hearn, the son may have been involved in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6377281\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1933 film)\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"200 Classic Cartoons\\\". Thunderbean Animation has restored and remastered the cartoon, releasing it on Blu-ray and DVD as part of their 2014 compilation \\\"Technicolor Dreams and Black and White Nightmares\\\". The Wizard of Oz (1933 film) The Wizard of Oz (1933) is a Canadian animated short film directed by Ted Eshbaugh. The story is credited to \\\"Col. Frank Baum.\\\" Frank Joslyn Baum, a Lieutenant Colonel in the United States Army and eldest son of writer L. Frank Baum, was involved in the film's production, and may have had an involvement in the film's script, which is loosely inspired by the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11231259\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Tin Woodman of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"The Tin Woodman of Oz The Tin Woodman of Oz: A Faithful Story of the Astonishing Adventure Undertaken by the Tin Woodman, Assisted by Woot the Wanderer, the Scarecrow of Oz, and Polychrome, the Rainbow's Daughter is the twelfth Land of Oz book written by L. Frank Baum and was originally published on May 13, 1918. The Tin Woodman is unexpectedly reunited with his Munchkin sweetheart Nimmie Amee from the days when he was flesh and blood. This was a back-story from \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\". The book was dedicated to the author's grandson Frank Alden Baum. The Tin\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2302123\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"L. Frank Baum\",\n \"text\": \"members of the Theosophical Society in 1892. Baum's beliefs are often reflected in his writing. The only mention of a church in his Oz books is the porcelain one which the Cowardly Lion breaks in the Dainty China Country in \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\". The Baums sent their older sons to \\\"Ethical Culture Sunday School\\\" in Chicago, which taught morality, not religion. L. Frank Baum Baum was born in Chittenango, New York in 1856 into a devout Methodist family. He had German, Scots-Irish and English ancestry. He was the seventh of nine children of Cynthia Ann (née Stanton) and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"241800\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film)\",\n \"text\": \"5 American film archives. This film is preserved by George Eastman House, has a running time of 13 minutes and an added piano score adapted from Paul Tietjens's music from the 1902 stage play and performed by Martin Marks. It is also included in the 3-disc edition of the 1939 film version. On this edition, John Thomas performs a compilation of Oz-related music by Louis F. Gottschalk. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a 1910 American silent fantasy film and the earliest surviving film version of L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel \\\"The Wonderful\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7239059\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wizard of Oz (character)\",\n \"text\": \"Wizard of Oz (character) Oscar Zoroaster Phadrig Isaac Norman Henkle Emmannuel Ambroise Diggs (also known as the Wizard of Oz and, during his reign, as Oz, the Great and Terrible) is a fictional character in the Land of Oz created by American author L. Frank Baum. The character was further popularized by a stage play and several movies, most famously the classic 1939 movie, as well as the 2013 prequel adaption. The Wizard is one of the characters in \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.\\\" Unseen for most of the novel, he is the ruler of the Land of Oz and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2351085\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\",\n \"text\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film) The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical fantasy film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Widely considered to be one of the greatest films in cinema history, it is the best-known and most commercially successful adaptation of L. Frank Baum's 1900 children's book \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.\\\" It was directed primarily by Victor Fleming (who left production to take over direction on the troubled \\\"Gone with the Wind\\\" production). It stars Judy Garland as Dorothy Gale, alongside Ray Bolger, Jack Haley, Bert Lahr, Frank Morgan, Billie Burke, and Margaret Hamilton, with Charley Grapewin, Pat\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2888748\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz\",\n \"text\": \"prior \\\"Ozma of Oz\\\" (1907). He was not entirely pleased with this, as the introduction to \\\"Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz\\\" opens with the protest that he knows many tales of many lands, and hoped that children would permit him to tell them those tales. Written shortly after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and around the time Baum moved to California, the book starts with an earthquake in California. Dorothy and others are swallowed up by cracks in the earth, and fall into an underground cavern, where they begin their adventures. Very little of the story—six of the twenty\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2316672\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (comics)\",\n \"text\": \"The series did not continue beyond the sixth Oz book. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (comics) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (2005) is a collection of three stories adapting the L.Frank Baum novel of the same name, written by David Chauvel with art by Enrique Fernandez First time published in French by Delcourt (2005), the album in English was published in the USA by Image Comics, on January 2, 2007 Its art inspired American artist's Skottie Young design for the adaptation he made 2009. for Marvel, with Fernandez sharing that Young admitted he had Spanish's comics on the desk while\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14226880\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"After the Wizard\",\n \"text\": \"After the Wizard After the Wizard is an independent film written and directed by Hugh Gross, based on \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" by L. Frank Baum. The film premiered in 2011 in Kingman, Kansas. The DVD, distributed by Breaking Glass Pictures, was released on August 7, 2012. A 12-year-old Kansas orphan turns to the Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman for help during a difficult time. She imagines that things have not gone well in Oz since the Wizard left and that the Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman must travel to Kansas to find Dorothy. Meanwhile, the orphanage leader gives\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16592193\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"for the fact that the West was still undeveloped at the time. The Munchkins Dorothy encounters at the beginning of the novel represent farmers, as do the Winkies she later meets. Baum's wife frequently visited her niece, Dorothy Louise Gage. The infant became gravely sick and died on November 11, 1898, from \\\"congestion of the brain\\\" at exactly five months. When the baby, whom Maud adored as the daughter she never had, died, she was devastated and needed to consume medicine. To assuage her distress, Frank made his protagonist of \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" a female named Dorothy. Uncle\",\n \"psg_id\": \"654704\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"people live the \\\"high life.\\\" Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz (1939) is the thirty-third in the series of Oz books created by L. Frank Baum and his successors, and the nineteenth and last written by Ruth Plumly Thompson. It was illustrated by John R. Neill. The phrase \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\" was included in the title to coincide with the MGM film \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\", which was released the same year the book was published. As such, the focus of the story is on characters who appeared in the first book. Thompson\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5838357\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz (1939) is the thirty-third in the series of Oz books created by L. Frank Baum and his successors, and the nineteenth and last written by Ruth Plumly Thompson. It was illustrated by John R. Neill. The phrase \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\" was included in the title to coincide with the MGM film \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\", which was released the same year the book was published. As such, the focus of the story is on characters who appeared in the first book. Thompson focuses the book most strongly\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5838348\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Frank Joslyn Baum\",\n \"text\": \"lead. Sometimes these scripts are attributed to L. Frank, though this is not the case. Soon after the venture ended, Baum re-enlisted in the army and fought in World War I, achieving the rank of lieutenant colonel. After the death of L. Frank Baum, Ruth Plumly Thompson was selected to continue the Oz series by publishers Reilly & Lee. Frank Joslyn Baum had some desire to continue the series himself, but he represented his mother, who had turned over the rights to \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" to him once she had gotten them back from Harrison Rountree, who had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8756483\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"L. Frank Baum bibliography\",\n \"text\": \"L. Frank Baum bibliography This is complete bibliography by American children's writer L. Frank Baum. This list omits those stories that appeared in \\\"Our Landlady\\\", \\\"American Fairy Tales\\\", \\\"Animal Fairy Tales\\\", \\\"Little Wizard Stories of Oz\\\", and \\\"Queer Visitors from the Marvelous Land of Oz\\\". Baum has been credited as the editor of \\\"In Other Lands Than Ours\\\" (1907), a collection of letters written by his wife Maud Gage Baum. Michael Patrick Hearn has identified 42 titles of stage plays associated with Baum, including those listed here and on the Oz books page, some probably redundant or reflective of alternate\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19341451\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The International Wizard of Oz Club\",\n \"text\": \"original Oz series. The Club owns a small but fine collection of original artwork and archival materials. The International Wizard of Oz Club The International Wizard of Oz Club, Inc., was founded during 1957 by Justin G. Schiller, a then thirteen-year-old boy. The sixteen charter members, some of whom continue to make valuable contributions to the club, were garnered from the mailing list found among the papers of the recently deceased Jack Snow, with whom Schiller and the others had discussed the work of L. Frank Baum. The organization today has hundreds of members from all over the world, including\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265882\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"L. Frank Baum\",\n \"text\": \"copyright) published \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" to much critical acclaim and financial success. The book was the best-selling children's book for two years after its initial publication. Baum went on to write thirteen more novels based on the places and people of the Land of Oz. Two years after \\\"Wizard\\\" publication, Baum and Denslow teamed up with composer Paul Tietjens and director Julian Mitchell to produce a musical stage version of the book under Fred R. Hamlin. Baum and Tietjens had worked on a musical of \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" in 1901 and based closely upon the book,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"241773\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wizard of Oz experiment\",\n \"text\": \"the name stuck.\\\" (Cited by permission.) There is also a passing reference to planned use of the \\\"Wizard of Oz experiments\\\" in a 1982 proceedings paper by Ford and Smith. One fact, presented in Kelley's dissertation, about the etymology of the term in this context: Dr. Kelley did originally have a definition for the “OZ” acronym (aside from the obvious parallels with the 1900 book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L Frank Baum). “Offline Zero” was a reference to the fact that an experimenter (the “Wizard”) was interpreting the users’ inputs in real time during the simulation phase. Similar\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5813688\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The International Wizard of Oz Club\",\n \"text\": \"not linked to the original series: Gina Wickwar's \\\"The Hidden Prince of Oz\\\", with illustrations by Anna-Maria Cool. A Wickwar/Cool sequel followed in 2007, \\\"Toto of Oz.\\\" That same year it published \\\"The Collected Short Stories of L. Frank Baum.\\\" In addition, the Club has published a set of color-printed maps of The Marvelous Land of Oz and Countries Surrounding the Land of Oz, as well as new editions of short stories by L. Frank Baum and Ruth Plumly Thompson. Its best-selling publication is \\\"Bibliographia Oziana\\\" by Douglas G. Greene and Peter E. Hanff, which provides bibliographical descriptions of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265881\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"L. Frank Baum bibliography\",\n \"text\": \"stars James Franco, Mila Kunis, Rachel Weisz, and Michelle Williams. L. Frank Baum bibliography This is complete bibliography by American children's writer L. Frank Baum. This list omits those stories that appeared in \\\"Our Landlady\\\", \\\"American Fairy Tales\\\", \\\"Animal Fairy Tales\\\", \\\"Little Wizard Stories of Oz\\\", and \\\"Queer Visitors from the Marvelous Land of Oz\\\". Baum has been credited as the editor of \\\"In Other Lands Than Ours\\\" (1907), a collection of letters written by his wife Maud Gage Baum. Michael Patrick Hearn has identified 42 titles of stage plays associated with Baum, including those listed here and on the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19341455\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"After the Wizard\",\n \"text\": \"Dorothy a hard time. The film was shot at various locations in California, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, New Jersey, and New York. For her acting in \\\"After the Wizard\\\", actress Jordan Van Vranken won a Young Artist Award in the 34th Young Artist Awards for Best Performance in a DVD Film: Young Actress. After the Wizard After the Wizard is an independent film written and directed by Hugh Gross, based on \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" by L. Frank Baum. The film premiered in 2011 in Kingman, Kansas. The DVD, distributed by Breaking Glass Pictures, was released on August 7, 2012.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16592194\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"L. Frank Baum bibliography\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Return to Oz\\\" (1985), \\\"The Muppets' Wizard of Oz\\\", \\\"Tin Man\\\" (a re-imagining of the story televised in late 2007 on the Sci Fi Channel), and a variety of animated productions. Today's most successful Broadway show \\\"Wicked\\\" provides a history to the two Oz witches used in the classic MGM film. Gregory Maguire, author of the novel \\\"Wicked\\\" on which the musical is based, chose to honor L. Frank Baum by naming his main character Elphaba—a phonetic play on Baum's initials. The film \\\"Oz the Great and Powerful\\\" (2013) pays homage to MGM's film \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\" (1939) and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19341454\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wizard of Oz: Beyond the Yellow Brick Road\",\n \"text\": \"The Wizard of Oz: Beyond the Yellow Brick Road The Wizard of Oz: Beyond the Yellow Brick Road, known in Japan as RIZ-ZOAWD, is a role-playing video game developed by Japanese developer Media.Vision for the Nintendo DS. The game is an adaptation of L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\", using its characters, locations and plot. The game was originally published in Japan by D3 Publisher on December 25, 2008. Xseed Games published the game in North America on September 29, 2009. Gameplay is restricted entirely to the Touch Screen. Moving Dorothy requires the player to use\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12219746\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dorothy Gale\",\n \"text\": \"Dorothy Gale Dorothy Gale is a fictional character created by American author L. Frank Baum as the main protagonist in many of his \\\"Oz\\\" novels. She first appears in Baum's classic children's novel \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" (1900) and reappears in most of its sequels. In addition, she is the main character in various adaptations, notably the classic 1939 film adaptation of the novel, \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\". In later novels, the Land of Oz steadily becomes more familiar to her than her homeland of Kansas. Indeed, Dorothy eventually goes to live in an apartment in the Emerald City's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2316722\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"came from his file cabinet labeled \\\"O–Z\\\". Some critics have suggested that Baum may have been inspired by Australia, a relatively new country at the time of the book's original publication. Australia is often colloquially spelled or referred to as \\\"Oz\\\". Furthermore, in \\\"Ozma of Oz\\\" (1907), Dorothy gets back to Oz as the result of a storm at sea while she and Uncle Henry are traveling by ship to Australia. Like Australia, Oz is an island continent somewhere to the west of California with inhabited regions bordering on a great desert. One might imagine that Baum intended Oz to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"654696\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Magic of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"1918 had been an exceptionally good year. The high sales were most likely influenced by the death of Baum earlier in 1919. The Magic of Oz The Magic of Oz: A Faithful Record of the Remarkable Adventures of Dorothy and Trot and the Wizard of Oz, Together with the Cowardly Lion, the Hungry Tiger and Cap'n Bill, in Their Successful Search for a Magical and Beautiful Birthday Present for Princess Ozma of Oz is the thirteenth Land of Oz book written by L. Frank Baum. Published on June 7, 1919, one month after the author's death, \\\"The Magic of Oz\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2350865\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Oz\",\n \"text\": \"Apocalypse Oz Apocalypse Oz is a 2006 short film. It is based on the novels \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\" by Joseph Conrad and \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" by L. Frank Baum. The script is a hybrid of the two classic films \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" and \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\", and uses only dialogue from these films. Dorothy Willard, an Amerasian product of the Vietnam War, is tired of living with her abusive foster parents in Kansas. Dorothy decides that \\\"there's no horror like home\\\" and accepts a dream mission that takes her deep into the desert to hunt down and \\\"terminate\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15790485\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1942 musical)\",\n \"text\": \"his new rocket ship. \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\" was first turned into a musical extravaganza by L. Frank Baum himself. It was a loose adaptation of Baum's 1900 novel that had no Wicked Witch, Toto, magic slippers or yellow brick road, but had several new characters and subplots. It first played in Chicago in 1902 and was a success on Broadway the following year. It then toured for seven years. Other early stage and film adaptations and versions of the novel followed, including a 1925 film. The 1939 film adaptation of the novel bore a closer resemblance to the novel's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15180734\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"noted, lessened during the prior 100 years. In a 2002 review, Bill Delaney of \\\"Salem Press\\\" praised Baum for giving children the opportunity to discover magic in the mundane things in their everyday lives. He further commended Baum for teaching \\\"millions of children to love reading during their crucial formative years\\\". The Library of Congress has declared \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" to be \\\"America's greatest and best-loved homegrown fairytale\\\", also naming it the first American fantasy for children and one of the most-read children's books. After George M. Hill's bankruptcy in 1902, copyright in the book passed to the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"654714\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"be Australia, or perhaps a magical land in the center of the great Australian desert. Another influence lay in Lewis Carroll's \\\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\\\". A September 1900 review in the \\\"Grand Rapids Herald\\\" called \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" a \\\"veritable \\\"Alice in Wonderland\\\" brought up to the present day standard of juvenile literature\\\". Baum found Carroll's plots incoherent, but he identified the books' source of popularity as Alice herself, a child with whom the child readers could identify; this influenced his choice of a protagonist. Baum was also influenced by Carroll's belief that children's books should have many\",\n \"psg_id\": \"654697\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"inspired a number of now less well known stage and screen adaptations, including a profitable 1902 Broadway musical and three silent films. The 1939 film was considered innovative because of its songs, special effects, and revolutionary use of the new Technicolor. The story has been translated into other languages (at least once without permission) and adapted into comics several times. Following the lapse of the original copyright, the characters have been adapted and reused in spin-offs, unofficial sequels, and reinterpretations, some of which have been controversial in their treatment of Baum's characters. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz The Wonderful Wizard\",\n \"psg_id\": \"654719\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (comics)\",\n \"text\": \"(2009) is an eight-issue comic book limited series adapting the L. Frank Baum novel of the same name. The series was written by Eric Shanower with art by Skottie Young and published by Marvel Comics. When Kansas farm girl Dorothy Gale and her pet dog Toto are swept away to the magical Land of Oz in a cyclone, she fatally flattens the Wicked Witch of the East, liberates a talking Scarecrow, meets a Tin Woodman, a Cowardly Lion and is hailed by everyone as a great sorceress! But all Dorothy really wants to know is: how does she get back\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14226878\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"total of 10,000 copies, which quickly sold out. \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" sold three million copies by the time it entered the public domain in 1956. The book was published by George M. Hill Company. Its first edition had a printing of 10,000 copies and was sold in advance of the publication date of September 1, 1900. On May 17, 1900, the first copy of the book came off the press; Baum assembled it by hand and presented it to his sister Mary Louise Baum Brewster. The public saw the book for the first time at a book fair\",\n \"psg_id\": \"654678\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"pictures and be pleasurable to read. Carroll rejected the Victorian-era ideology that children's books should be saturated with morals, instead believing that children should be allowed to be children. Building on Carroll's style of numerous images accompanying the text, Baum combined the conventional features of a fairy tale (witches and wizards) with the well-known things in his readers' lives (scarecrows and cornfields). \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" is considered the first American fairy tale because of its references to clear American locations such as Kansas and Omaha. Baum agreed with authors such as Carroll that fantasy literature was important for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"654698\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dorothy Gale\",\n \"text\": \"tornado in Irving, Kansas, in May 1879 which included the name of a victim, Dorothy Gale, who was \\\"found buried face down in a mud puddle.\\\" In Baum's 1902 stage musical adaptation, Dorothy was played by Anna Laughlin. In 1908 L. Frank Baum adapted his early Oz novels as \\\"The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays\\\", with Romola Remus as Dorothy. This was followed by \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\", a motion picture short that Otis Turner, one of the directors of \\\"Fairylogue\\\", made without Baum as part of a contract fulfillment. In this 1910 film, Dorothy was played by Bebe Daniels. It\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2316738\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Wizard Stories of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"Little Wizard Stories of Oz Little Wizard Stories of Oz is a set of six short stories written for young children by L. Frank Baum, the creator of the Oz books. The six tales were published in separate small booklets, \\\"Oz books in miniature,\\\" in 1913, and then in a collected edition in 1914 with illustrations by John R. Neill. Each booklet was 29 pages long, and printed in blue ink rather than black. The stories were part of a project, by Baum and his publisher Reilly & Britton, to revitalize and continue the series of Oz books that Baum\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12728579\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Galaxy of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"crystals, the Crystal of Love, the Crystal of Wisdom, and the Crystal of Courage. These crystals were spread throughout the Galaxy and lost hundreds of years ago. According to the legend, whoever possesses all three crystals will rule the Galaxy of Oz for all Eternity. Under the guidance of Dr. Oz, Dorothy and an assortment of \\\"heroes\\\" set out to scour the Galaxy in search of the three magical crystals. Japan The Wonderful Galaxy of Oz The Wonderful Galaxy of Oz is a 1992 Japanese anime television series that is a futuristic adaptation of the classic story The Wonderful Wizard\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8747272\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Unknown Witches of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"The Unknown Witches of Oz The Unknown Witches of Oz: Locasta and the Three Adepts is a 2000 novel written by Dave Hardenbrook, with illustrations by Kerry Rouleau. As its title indicates, the book is an entry in the long-running series of books about the Land of Oz, written by L. Frank Baum and his successors. The publication of \\\"The Unknown Witches of Oz\\\" was timed to coincide with the centennial of the original Oz book, \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" (as was also true of Gina Wickwar's \\\"The Hidden Prince of Oz\\\" and Edward Einhorns's \\\"Paradox in Oz\\\"). Hardenbrook's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12681561\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ruby slippers\",\n \"text\": \"of 2018. In L. Frank Baum's original novel, \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" (1900), on which the film is based, Dorothy wears Silver Shoes. However, the color of the shoes was changed to red in order to take full advantage of the new Technicolor film process being used in big-budget Hollywood films of that era. Film screenwriter Noel Langley is credited with the idea. In the MGM film, an adolescent farm girl named Dorothy (played by Judy Garland), her dog Toto, and their farmhouse are swept away from Kansas by a tornado and taken to the magical Land of Oz.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1622065\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Hidden Prince of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"The Hidden Prince of Oz The Hidden Prince of Oz is a novel written by Gina Wickwar and illustrated by Anna-Maria Cool. As its title indicates, the book is an entrant into the series of Oz books by L. Frank Baum and his many successors. The publication of the book was timed to coincide with the centennial of the original Oz book, \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" (as was also true of Edward Einhorn's \\\"Paradox in Oz\\\" and Dave Hardenbrook's \\\"The Unknown Witches of Oz\\\"). It was the winner of the Club's Centennial book contest, which received over 100 entries\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12672066\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Tik-Tok Man of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"show languished before 1912, when Oliver Morosco agreed to produce it. The musical play \\\"The Tik-Tok Man of Oz\\\" was based on L. Frank Baum's 1907 Oz book \\\"Ozma of Oz,\\\" which in turn had incorporated material from Baum's unpublished manuscript \\\"King Rinkitink.\\\" The play incorporated material that Baum also used in his 1908 Oz book \\\"Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz.\\\" Baum used his characters of the Shaggy Man and Polychrome in both the play and his 1909 Oz book \\\"The Road to Oz,\\\" which he was working on at the same time. Newspaper accounts indicate that Baum began\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15231747\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Land of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"The Wonderful Land of Oz The Wonderful Land of Oz is a 1969 film by Barry Mahon. It is a low budget but faithful adaptation of the novel \\\"The Marvelous Land of Oz\\\" by L. Frank Baum. Mahon told \\\"The New York Times\\\" that he was planning to get Judy Garland to narrate the film, but the film has almost no narration. Popular rumor is that Jinjur's Army of Revolt is composed of actors who had previously appeared in Mahon's nudie films. This is, however, not the case. The nudie films were made in New York City, while the children's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8355719\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\"s publication in 1900, it received little critical analysis from scholars of children's literature. According to Ruth Berman of \\\"Science Fiction Studies\\\", the lists of suggested reading published for juvenile readers never contained Baum's work. The lack of interest stemmed from the scholars' misgivings about fantasy, as well as to their belief that lengthy series had little literary merit. It has frequently come under fire over the years. In 1957, the director of Detroit's libraries banned \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" for having \\\"no value\\\" for children of his day, for supporting \\\"negativism\\\", and for bringing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"654711\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dorothy of Oz (book)\",\n \"text\": \"Dorothy of Oz (book) Dorothy of Oz is a children's novel written by L. Frank Baum's great-grandson Roger S. Baum. The book details Dorothy Gale returning to the Land of Oz when a Jester has been using the wand of the Wicked Witch of the West (which also contained the ghost of the Wicked Witch of the West) to take over the Land of Oz. The book was adapted into a film called \\\"\\\" in 2014 by Clarius Entertainment. Several weeks after returning to Kansas from the Land of Oz, Dorothy Gale looks out of her bedroom window and sees\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15689444\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"loosely based on Baum's book \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\", but in the screenplay Baum introduced many new characters and a large new story that later became the basis for the 1915 book \\\"The Scarecrow of Oz\\\". Similar to \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\", the Scarecrow's origin is revealed, although his life is now attributed to \\\"the Spirit of the Corn\\\", who appears as a conventional Hollywood depiction of a Native American. The Tin Woodman is found rusted stiff and oiled, but he is already Emperor of the Winkies. Dorothy is a slave to Mombi (Wells) who looks like W.W.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7947193\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Marvelous Land of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"book. Unlike the original book, however, Dorothy is the protagonist rather than Tippetarius. The Marvelous Land of Oz The Marvelous Land of Oz: Being an Account of the Further Adventures of the Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman, commonly shortened to The Land of Oz, published on July 5, 1904, is the second of L. Frank Baum's books set in the Land of Oz, and the sequel to \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" (1900). This and the next 34 Oz books of the famous 40 were illustrated by John R. Neill. The book was made into an episode of \\\"The Shirley\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2293773\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tales of the Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"Tales of the Wizard of Oz Tales of the Wizard of Oz is a 1961 animated television series produced by Crawley Films for Videocraft (later known as Rankin/Bass Productions). This is the second animated series produced by the studio, and the first by Rankin/Bass to feature traditional animation. The series features stories derived from characters created in L. Frank Baum's book \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\". Several characters are given additional names, including Dandy the Cowardly Lion, Rusty the Tin Man, and Socrates the Scarecrow. Artistic renditions of the Oz characters created for this series were later featured in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7405992\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The International Wizard of Oz Club\",\n \"text\": \"The International Wizard of Oz Club The International Wizard of Oz Club, Inc., was founded during 1957 by Justin G. Schiller, a then thirteen-year-old boy. The sixteen charter members, some of whom continue to make valuable contributions to the club, were garnered from the mailing list found among the papers of the recently deceased Jack Snow, with whom Schiller and the others had discussed the work of L. Frank Baum. The organization today has hundreds of members from all over the world, including children, adults who were alive when the books were still being published annually, ardent Baumists, Oz collectors,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265875\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1986 TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"she just killed the Wicked Witch of the East, as her house landed directly on top of her, and by doing so she freed the Munchkins from slavery. She also tells her that the only person able to send her back home is the Wizard of Oz. Dorothy is given the Silver Shoes of the Wicked Witch of the East and sent off along the Yellow Brick Road towards the Emerald City to see the Wonderful Wizard of Oz in hope of getting back to Kansas. On her way to the Wizard, Dorothy meets the Scarecrow, made entirely of straw\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7139615\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wicked Witch of the West\",\n \"text\": \"with her, the Wicked Witch of the South and Mombi to conquer the Land of Oz and divide it among themselves, as recounted in L. Frank Baum's \\\"Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz\\\". She shows no interest in the death of the Eastern Witch, and all she cares about is obtaining the Silver Shoes which will increase her power. W. W. Denslow's illustrations for \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" depict her as a paunched old hag with three pigtails and an eye-patch. L. Frank Baum himself specified that she only had one eye, but that it \\\"was as powerful as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3655713\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"own reward.\\\" After Baum's death in 1919, Baum's publishers delegated the creation of more sequels to Ruth Plumly Thompson who wrote 21. An original \\\"Oz\\\" book was published every Christmas between 1913 and 1942. By 1956, five million copies of the \\\"Oz\\\" books had been published in the English language, while hundreds of thousands had been published in eight foreign languages. \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" has been adapted to other media numerous times, most famously in \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\", the 1939 film starring Judy Garland, Ray Bolger, Jack Haley, and Bert Lahr. Until this version, the book had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"654718\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"also have influenced the story and the way it has been interpreted. Baum and Denslow had a close working relationship and worked together to create the presentation of the story through the images and the text. Color is an important element of the story and is present throughout the images, with each chapter having a different color representation. Denslow also added characteristics to his drawings that Baum never described. For example, Denslow drew a house and the gates of the Emerald City with faces on them. In the later Oz books, John R. Neill, who illustrated all of the sequels,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"654707\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (musical)\",\n \"text\": \"Baum/Wizard and the Cowardly Lion), presented highlights of this musical as well as of many other Oz musical incarnations at the International Wizard of Oz Club's Winkie Convention at Asilomar Conference Center in Pacific Grove, California, on July 9, 2011 as part of a concert entitled \\\"Songs in the Key of Oz\\\" which is also available on CD. The show is to be presented again from November 29 to December 10, 2017 at the Zion Cultural Centre, Toronto featuring members of the original 2000, 2002 and 2010 casts (including Cascone and Haines) along with several newcomers to the various roles.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15238277\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film)\",\n \"text\": \"stage show, however, were used in the later MGM film which has become so famous.) As is clear from the plot descriptions below, the presence of Eureka the kitten is drawn from the commingling of material from \\\"The Marvelous Land of Oz\\\" and \\\"Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz\\\"; Eureka appears in the latter novel. Long thought to be culled from footage from \\\"The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays\\\" (a feature length stage and film show created and presented by Baum in 1908), this was proven not to be the case when the film was recovered. Although the only known \\\"Fairylogue\\\" film\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7239053\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Uncle Henry (Oz)\",\n \"text\": \"Uncle Henry (Oz) Uncle Henry is a fictional character from The Oz Books by L. Frank Baum. He is the uncle of Dorothy Gale and husband of Aunt Em, and lived with them on a farm in Kansas. After their house was famously carried off to the Land of Oz by a tornado in \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\", Henry mortgaged his farm in order to rebuild. This crisis, combined with the stress of Dorothy's prolonged disappearance and sudden reappearance, took a toll on his health, and his doctor ordered him to take a vacation. He took Dorothy with him\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6430747\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dorothy of Oz (book)\",\n \"text\": \"Hugh Dancy as Marshal Mallow (who is exclusive to the film), Megan Hilty as the China Princess, Patrick Stewart as Tugg, and Oliver Platt as Wiser the Owl. Dorothy of Oz (book) Dorothy of Oz is a children's novel written by L. Frank Baum's great-grandson Roger S. Baum. The book details Dorothy Gale returning to the Land of Oz when a Jester has been using the wand of the Wicked Witch of the West (which also contained the ghost of the Wicked Witch of the West) to take over the Land of Oz. The book was adapted into a film\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15689450\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dorothy Gale\",\n \"text\": \"in Oz. Hank knows that he is in Oz because his mother, Dorothy Gale-Stover, had been there back in 1890 and later told him of her experiences. Farmer's premise is that Dorothy only visited Oz once and told her story to a journalist called Frank Baum. This journalist would later create a series of books from Dorothy's only adventure in Oz. Farmer's Oz is on the brink of both a civil war and an invasion by the United States Army. Dorothy's last name is never mentioned in \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" or \\\"The Marvelous Land of Oz\\\", the first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2316735\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz\",\n \"text\": \"out most elements that can disturb or frighten children. \\\"In the first two-thirds of the book, Dorothy and her friends...barely escape from an unrelenting succession of threatening magical countries...\\\" In the company of the Wizard, \\\"Dorothy is a helpless little girl, given no opportunity to show her resourcefulness.\\\" When Oz is finally reached, it is a bland \\\"goody-goody place\\\" with few positive events to offer. In the early 1900s, continuity does not seem to have been high on the list of priorities, as the fantasy genre was just then a burgeoning field. While Baum indicates that he was the \\\"royal\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2316682\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Roger S. Baum\",\n \"text\": \"Roger S. Baum Roger Stanton Baum (born 1938) is a former banker and stockbroker, and currently (as of 2005) a children's author, residing in Las Vegas. Baum publishes under the name Roger S. Baum. Baum is a former resident of Los Angeles. He also tours the country, reading from and signing his children's books. Baum is a great-grandson of L. Frank Baum, the original creator of the \\\"Oz\\\" series, and grandson of Frank Joslyn Baum, who published \\\"The Laughing Dragon of Oz\\\" in 1935. Many of Roger S. Baum's children's books are set in the same world. Baum had written\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6011948\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Wizard Stories of Oz\",\n \"text\": \"two later the four tales were released again, as part of a promotion for a \\\"Wizard of Oz\\\" radio program (sponsored by Jell-O). Rand McNally published the six stories in three booklets in 1939. Little Wizard Stories of Oz Little Wizard Stories of Oz is a set of six short stories written for young children by L. Frank Baum, the creator of the Oz books. The six tales were published in separate small booklets, \\\"Oz books in miniature,\\\" in 1913, and then in a collected edition in 1914 with illustrations by John R. Neill. Each booklet was 29 pages long,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12728584\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Frank Joslyn Baum\",\n \"text\": \"about which L. Frank Baum wrote. \\\"\\\" credits Michael Patrick Hearn as a principal source. While Hearn collaborated with David Brooks on the original treatment, the final script by Richard Matheson primarily relied upon \\\"To Please a Child\\\". In the film, Frank Joslyn Baum (called \\\"Frank, Jr.\\\" in the credits) was played by three actors, Joshua Boyd (age 3), Tim Eyster (ages 5–9), and Christopher Pettiet (teenage). Frank Joslyn Baum Frank Joslyn Baum (December 3, 1883 – December 2, 1958) was a lawyer, soldier, writer, and film producer, and the first president of The International Wizard of Oz Club. He\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8756492\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["sliver","sliver (album)","sliver (disambiguation)"],"string":"[\n \"sliver\",\n \"sliver (album)\",\n \"sliver (disambiguation)\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":280,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what was art-world guru andy warhol's name at birth?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Andy Warhol Art Authentication Board","text":"extraordinarily expensive, costing us at least $10 million defending ourselves. Eventually, we decided that we wanted our money to go to artists and not to lawyers'. Andy Warhol Art Authentication Board The Andy Warhol Art Authentication Board, Inc. was a private corporation that certified the authenticity of works by the artist, Andy Warhol, from 1995 to early 2012. The organization was created in 1995 in association with The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts. The Board, based in New York City, consisted of six members, including art historians and curators and those who personally knew Warhol and his work,","psg_id":"7082823"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Andy Warhol Art Authentication Board\",\n \"text\": \"extraordinarily expensive, costing us at least $10 million defending ourselves. Eventually, we decided that we wanted our money to go to artists and not to lawyers'. Andy Warhol Art Authentication Board The Andy Warhol Art Authentication Board, Inc. was a private corporation that certified the authenticity of works by the artist, Andy Warhol, from 1995 to early 2012. The organization was created in 1995 in association with The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts. The Board, based in New York City, consisted of six members, including art historians and curators and those who personally knew Warhol and his work,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7082823\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Ella Guru","text":"Ella Guru Ella Guru (born May 24, 1966) is an American painter and musician living in Hastings, United Kingdom. She was a member of Mambo Taxi and the Voodoo Queens. In 1999, she became one of the founding members of the Stuckist art movement. Guru (birth name Ella Drauglis) was born in the U.S. state of Ohio. She did a commercial art course at Fort Hayes Career Center (1982–84) and attended Columbus College of Art and Design (1984–86), which she left because of \"all the conceptual crap\". She graduated in fine arts from Ohio State University (1988–89), where she received","psg_id":"5468906"},{"title":"Guru Ram Das","text":"times of succession disputes. Guru Ram Das Guru Ram Das (; 1534–1581) was the fourth of the ten Gurus of Sikhism. He was born on 24 September 1534 in a poor Hindu family based in Lahore, part of what is now Pakistan. His birth name was Jetha, he was orphaned at age 7, and thereafter grew up with his maternal grandmother in a village. At age 12, Bhai Jetha and his grandmother moved to Goindval, where they met Guru Amar Das. The boy thereafter accepted Guru Amar Das as his mentor and served him. The daughter of Guru Amar Das","psg_id":"11341624"},{"title":"Guru Ram Das","text":"Guru Ram Das Guru Ram Das (; 1534–1581) was the fourth of the ten Gurus of Sikhism. He was born on 24 September 1534 in a poor Hindu family based in Lahore, part of what is now Pakistan. His birth name was Jetha, he was orphaned at age 7, and thereafter grew up with his maternal grandmother in a village. At age 12, Bhai Jetha and his grandmother moved to Goindval, where they met Guru Amar Das. The boy thereafter accepted Guru Amar Das as his mentor and served him. The daughter of Guru Amar Das got married to Bhai","psg_id":"11341613"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Ella Guru\",\n \"text\": \"Ella Guru Ella Guru (born May 24, 1966) is an American painter and musician living in Hastings, United Kingdom. She was a member of Mambo Taxi and the Voodoo Queens. In 1999, she became one of the founding members of the Stuckist art movement. Guru (birth name Ella Drauglis) was born in the U.S. state of Ohio. She did a commercial art course at Fort Hayes Career Center (1982–84) and attended Columbus College of Art and Design (1984–86), which she left because of \\\"all the conceptual crap\\\". She graduated in fine arts from Ohio State University (1988–89), where she received\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5468906\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Guru Ram Das\",\n \"text\": \"times of succession disputes. Guru Ram Das Guru Ram Das (; 1534–1581) was the fourth of the ten Gurus of Sikhism. He was born on 24 September 1534 in a poor Hindu family based in Lahore, part of what is now Pakistan. His birth name was Jetha, he was orphaned at age 7, and thereafter grew up with his maternal grandmother in a village. At age 12, Bhai Jetha and his grandmother moved to Goindval, where they met Guru Amar Das. The boy thereafter accepted Guru Amar Das as his mentor and served him. The daughter of Guru Amar Das\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11341624\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Guru Ram Das\",\n \"text\": \"Guru Ram Das Guru Ram Das (; 1534–1581) was the fourth of the ten Gurus of Sikhism. He was born on 24 September 1534 in a poor Hindu family based in Lahore, part of what is now Pakistan. His birth name was Jetha, he was orphaned at age 7, and thereafter grew up with his maternal grandmother in a village. At age 12, Bhai Jetha and his grandmother moved to Goindval, where they met Guru Amar Das. The boy thereafter accepted Guru Amar Das as his mentor and served him. The daughter of Guru Amar Das got married to Bhai\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11341613\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["andy warhaul","warhol","warholian pop","andy warhola","andrew warhola","andy warhol foundation for the visual arts","warholite","andy warhol","drella","andrew warhol","andy wahrol","andy worhol","andrew warhola","andy warhol foundation","warholesque","warholian","warhol foundation","andy warhol","paul warhola"],"string":"[\n \"andy warhaul\",\n \"warhol\",\n \"warholian pop\",\n \"andy warhola\",\n \"andrew warhola\",\n \"andy warhol foundation for the visual arts\",\n \"warholite\",\n \"andy warhol\",\n \"drella\",\n \"andrew warhol\",\n \"andy wahrol\",\n \"andy worhol\",\n \"andrew warhola\",\n \"andy warhol foundation\",\n \"warholesque\",\n \"warholian\",\n \"warhol foundation\",\n \"andy warhol\",\n \"paul warhola\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":281,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what phrase did french impressionist artist paul cezanne teach his pet parrot to say over and over again?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Over and Over Again","text":"Over and Over Again \"Over and Over Again\" is a song by English singer Nathan Sykes. The song was written by Sykes, alongside Harmony Samuels, Carmen Reece and Major Johnson Finley, and was released in the United Kingdom on 18 October 2015 as the second single from his debut studio album \"Unfinished Business\" (2016). The song peaked at number eight on the UK Singles Chart. A remix, featuring American singer Ariana Grande was released on 15 January 2016. Sykes performed the song live on \"The X Factor\" on 22 November 2015. He also performed a stripped down version of the","psg_id":"19094793"},{"title":"Over and Over Again","text":"song on \"The Late Late Show with James Corden\". He also sang a version of it at the 2016 Summertime Ball with Louisa Johnson. A music video to accompany the release of \"Over and Over Again\" was first released onto YouTube on 28 October 2015. It starred newcomer actress Maemae Renfrow of the future Nickelodeon show \"Hunter Street\" as the love interest. Over and Over Again \"Over and Over Again\" is a song by English singer Nathan Sykes. The song was written by Sykes, alongside Harmony Samuels, Carmen Reece and Major Johnson Finley, and was released in the United Kingdom","psg_id":"19094794"},{"title":"What the Hell Did I Say","text":"What the Hell Did I Say \"What the Hell Did I Say\" is a song co-written and recorded by country music artist Dierks Bentley. It was released in June 2017 as the fourth single from his 2016 album \"Black\". This is the second collaboration by Bentley, Kear and Tompkins, following the highly successful No. 1 single \"Drunk on a Plane\". However, unlike \"Drunk\", this song underperformed and became the lowest charting single of Bentley's career. The song is about getting intoxicated and giving a girl false promises. A promotional video directed by Wes Edwards premiered on April 29, 2016 as","psg_id":"19446422"},{"title":"What the Hell Did I Say","text":"part of the album's pre-release video series. The official music video was released on July 9, 2017. Also directed by Edwards, the video is composed of footage from Bentley's 2017 tour. What the Hell Did I Say \"What the Hell Did I Say\" is a song co-written and recorded by country music artist Dierks Bentley. It was released in June 2017 as the fourth single from his 2016 album \"Black\". This is the second collaboration by Bentley, Kear and Tompkins, following the highly successful No. 1 single \"Drunk on a Plane\". However, unlike \"Drunk\", this song underperformed and became the","psg_id":"19446423"},{"title":"What Did He Say?","text":"– 0:31 16. \"A Little Buzz\" – 2:46 17. \"Kids Didn't Change\" – 0:54 18. \"Heaven Is Where the Heart Is\" – 5:03 What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \"Yo Victa\" – 0:07 2. \"What Did He Say?\" – 3:20 3. \"What You Won't Do for Love\" – 4:43 4. \"Cherokee\" – 1:49 5. \"Don't Wanna Cry\" – 5:07 6. \"The Lonliest Monk\" – 4:36 7. \"A Chance\" – 2:54 8. \"Radio W-OO-10\" – 1:06 9. \"Norwegian Wood\" – 4:52 10. \"Bro John\" – 4:18 11. \"Naima\"","psg_id":"8334567"},{"title":"What Did He Say?","text":"What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \"Yo Victa\" – 0:07 2. \"What Did He Say?\" – 3:20 3. \"What You Won't Do for Love\" – 4:43 4. \"Cherokee\" – 1:49 5. \"Don't Wanna Cry\" – 5:07 6. \"The Lonliest Monk\" – 4:36 7. \"A Chance\" – 2:54 8. \"Radio W-OO-10\" – 1:06 9. \"Norwegian Wood\" – 4:52 10. \"Bro John\" – 4:18 11. \"Naima\" – 5:57 12. \"Sometimes I Laugh\" – 3:20 13. \"My Life\" – 4:45 14. \"The Sojourn of Arjuna\" – 6:29 15. \"Buzz Ntro\"","psg_id":"8334566"},{"title":"Say It's Over","text":"it. He takes off his glasses before throwing the ring into silver slime. We then see N-Dubz together as the scene switches between the members as well as the other characters from the video every so often. We see the car close its doors and the rose now smoking as the fire is gone. The last scenes have all the members closing their electronic screens which appeared at the beginning of the video, the camera zooming out of the window, a final lookat the spaceship, then the N-Dubz logo appears once again then fades out. Say It's Over \"Say It's","psg_id":"14241352"},{"title":"I'd Love You All Over Again","text":"love his wife for the first time again, he would. The song was written for Alan's wife, Denise in a hotel room in Pine Bluff, Arkansas on a rainy evening. Kevin John Coyne of Country Universe gave the song an A grade,\" saying that the song \"showcases a particular skill that Jackson has as a songwriter. He can include a clever turn of phrase without it sounding forced, or worse, distracting from the overall mood.\" I'd Love You All Over Again \"I'd Love You All Over Again is a song written and recorded by American country music singer-songwriter Alan Jackson.","psg_id":"11634602"},{"title":"Cezanne (horse)","text":"metres and 1800 metres. On 13 February he contested the inaugural running of the second round of the Al Maktoum Challenge over 2000 metres at Nad Al Sheba. Ridden by Gary Hind he won by a short head from his stablemate Red Bishop. In the third round of the challenge over 2400 metres twelve days later, with Hind again in the saddle, he recorded another narrow victory with Red Bishop again taking second place. On his returen to Europe Cezanne finished fourth in a handicap at Sandown on 1 July. Eight days later at York he was assigned top weight","psg_id":"20337219"},{"title":"Starting over Again","text":"English, Italian and French. Filming took place in many different locations all around the world, the idea was to show the actual cosmopolitan culture told by the witnesses. Historical footages stagger the historical events, placing in time the testimonies. Starting over Again Starting over Again is a documentary directed by Ruggero Gabbai and produced by Elliot Malki. The film is about the exodus of the Jews of Egypt between 1948 and 1956. Filming took place in Paris, London, Milan, New York City, Washington, Tel Aviv, and Jerusalem, starting in 2014. The documentary has been officially selected at the Jerusalem Film","psg_id":"19083426"},{"title":"What I'd Say","text":"say if he ever ran into her. He doesn't know whether he would express his feelings, compliment her, or tell her to \"go to hell.\" The song concludes by the man stating that his ex-lover would have to wait until the day they meet again to find out what he would say to her. The song was also covered by Gary Allan on his 2001 album \"Alright Guy\" and by Irish singer/songwriter Paul Harrington whose version was the title track of his debut album in 1988. \"What I'd Say\" debuted on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for","psg_id":"14198873"},{"title":"Over and Over and Over","text":"of his side projects, the Raconteurs, but again chose not to do so. The song was also nearly recorded in collaboration with American rapper Jay-Z. Ultimately, he chose not to record the song until the sessions for \"Boarding House Reach\" in 2017. White recalled in an article with \"Rolling Stone\" that he \"chased it and chased it\" and eventually managed to finally have a final product ready. \"Over and Over and Over\" has been described as a throwback to White's earlier garage rock works as well as a \"blues rock jam\". White served as the vocalist and performed electric guitar","psg_id":"20531970"},{"title":"Say It's Over","text":"the scene skips back to Dappy arguing with the hologram before he lashes out on it causing it to disappear. It then skips to the corridor again where Tulisa is walking towards the camera and as the camera has a shot of Tulisa sideways, a man grabs her arm and pulls her towards him. Tulisa has the words 'Say It's' and 'Over' on her knuckles in big white letters outlined with black. Tulisa is seen arguing with the man who grabbed her in the background while a person uses a screen to the left of the set. Then in the","psg_id":"14241348"},{"title":"Dead Parrot sketch","text":"very funny there, if we could find the right context for it\". In early drafts of what would become the Dead Parrot Sketch, the frustrated customer was trying to return a faulty toaster to a shop. Chapman realised that it needed to be \"madder\", and came up with the parrot idea. Over the years, Cleese and Palin have done many versions of the \"Dead Parrot\" sketch for various television shows, record albums, and live performances. \"Dead Parrot\" was voted the top alternative comedy sketch in a Radio Times poll. Mr. Praline (Cleese) enters the pet shop to register a complaint","psg_id":"257947"},{"title":"That Feeling, You Can Only Say What It Is in French","text":"That Feeling, You Can Only Say What It Is in French \"That Feeling, You Can Only Say What It Is in French” is a horror short story by American writer Stephen King. It was originally published in the June 22, 1998 issue of \"The New Yorker\" magazine. In 2002, it was collected in King's collection \"Everything's Eventual\". It focuses on a married woman in a car ride on vacation constantly repeating the same events over and over, each event ending with the same gruesome outcome. As the story progresses, a woman (Carol) begins to have deja vu' of the same","psg_id":"7952437"},{"title":"Woman with a Parrot","text":"Woman with a Parrot La Femme au perroquet (\"Woman with a Parrot\") is an oil painting on canvas by French artist Gustave Courbet. It was the first nude (art) by the artist to be accepted by the Paris Salon in 1866 after a previous entry in 1864 was rejected as indecent. It is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York city. The painting shows a woman reclining on her back, with a pet parrot alighting on an outstretched hand. While painted in a style to gain Academy acceptance in its pose and smooth flesh tones,","psg_id":"16931326"},{"title":"Look What I Did","text":"I Were You I Wouldn't<nowiki>\"</nowiki> in January 2016 on their YouTube account, followed by \"Fireball\" in June 2016, their first songs released since 'Zanzibar III : Analog Prison'. The band was named after friend's child said the phrase 'Mommy, look what I did', about a drawing to her mother when Barry was talking to her over the phone discussing what the band's name should be. Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is","psg_id":"3994152"},{"title":"Say It's Over","text":"Say It's Over \"Say It's Over\" is the third single from N-Dubz's second studio album \"Against All Odds\", released on 25 April 2010. The lyrics grapple with the difficulties of ending a relationship. It reached #20 in the UK Singles Chart. The music video was released on 11 March 2010. The video was set on a spaceship with a futuristic setting. The beginning scenes show the N-Dubz logo in front of a black background then it shows a spaceship flying in space. The camera zooms into one of the windows on the spaceship where a man dressed in white goes","psg_id":"14241346"},{"title":"Incredible (What I Meant to Say)","text":"Incredible (What I Meant to Say) \"Incredible (What I Meant to Say)\" is Darius Danesh's third single from his debut album Dive In. \"Incredible\" was released on 3 March 2003 and peaked at number 9 on the UK Singles Chart, making it his third consecutive top 10 hit. The video was shot over two days at the \"Estacion De Francia\" train station in Barcelona, Spain. After an argument with his girlfriend, played by model Kate Groombridge, he tries to find her to apologise, but the train he thinks she is on leaves before he can say sorry. He then exits","psg_id":"10928653"},{"title":"Game over","text":"used the slogan \"Game over\" on banners to express their anti-government sentiments. \"Game over\" is also sometimes used as a phrase to concede defeat, as for example in the movie \"Aliens\" where one of the protagonists, Private William Hudson (Bill Paxton), shouts, \"Game over, man. Game over!\" after the dropship meant to rescue him and his expedition is destroyed. Paxton's use of the phrase was included in shortened form in the SNES game adaptation of \"Alien 3\", although the Hudson character did not appear in the film. Rights issues prevented the actual audio from \"Aliens\" being used and the sample","psg_id":"4092959"},{"title":"The World We Knew (Over and Over)","text":"top that chart. Charles Aznavour adapted the song to French for Paul Mauriat and Mireille Mathieu called \"Un monde avec toi\". Fred Bongusto adapted the song to Italian called \"Ore D'Amore\" The World We Knew (Over and Over) \"The World We Knew (Over and Over)\" is a popular song recorded by Frank Sinatra in 1967. It is based on a composition by Bert Kaempfert, a German musician and composer. The song first appeared on Sinatra's 1967 album \"The World We Knew\" and was released as a single later that year. \"The World We Knew (Over and Over)\" peaked at number","psg_id":"12574478"},{"title":"What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy","text":"What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy is a book by James Paul Gee that focuses on the learning principles in video games and how these principles can be applied to the K-12 classroom. Video games can be used as tools to challenge players, when they are successful. They motivate players to persevere and simultaneously teach players how to play the game. These games give a glimpse into how one might create new and more powerful ways to learn in schools, communities, and workplaces. Gee","psg_id":"17953199"},{"title":"Cezanne (horse)","text":"Opera House. On his racecourse debut, Cezanne finished fourth in a maiden race over ten furlongs at Windsor Racecourse on 11 May. Fifteen days later, in a similar event at Sandown Park he recorded his first success, winning by half a length from Scrutineer. In his two subsequent races that season he finished second in a minor race at Leicester in June and then ran unplaced in a handicap race at York in August. Cezanne began his second season finishing ninth in a handicap at Newbury in May and was then off the course until the autumn. In September he","psg_id":"20337217"},{"title":"Incredible (What I Meant to Say)","text":"the train station down-hearted, just missing his girlfriend, who returns to find him. Incredible (What I Meant to Say) \"Incredible (What I Meant to Say)\" is Darius Danesh's third single from his debut album Dive In. \"Incredible\" was released on 3 March 2003 and peaked at number 9 on the UK Singles Chart, making it his third consecutive top 10 hit. The video was shot over two days at the \"Estacion De Francia\" train station in Barcelona, Spain. After an argument with his girlfriend, played by model Kate Groombridge, he tries to find her to apologise, but the train he","psg_id":"10928654"},{"title":"What I Meant to Say","text":"What I Meant to Say \"What I Meant to Say\" is a song written by Sam Hogin, Jim McBride and Don Cook, and recorded by American country music artist Wade Hayes. It was released in October 1995 as the fourth and final single from Hayes' debut album \"Old Enough to Know Better\". The song reached #5 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart and #15 on the Canadian \"RPM\" country singles chart. It even charted on the Billboard Hot 200, peaking at #116. The narrator realizes that he hurt his lover when he said he could walk out on her","psg_id":"13801607"},{"title":"Over and Over and Over","text":"and tambourine on the track. It featured contributions from several session musicians. Louis Cato and Daru Jones played drums while Bobby Allende provided percussion, Charlotte Kemp Muhl played bass, and Neal Evans and DJ Harrison performed on synthesizers. White wrote, produced, and mixed the song, while Joshua V. Smith did the engineering with Ben Schmitz and Grant Valentine providing engineering assistance. \"Over and Over and Over\" was released as a digital single on March 1, 2018. The release was accompanied by an animated visualizer video on YouTube. After its release, the song was made available for free as an instant","psg_id":"20531971"},{"title":"Imani Cezanne","text":"Imani Cezanne Imani Cezanne is an American activist and spoken word poet. She is the founding president of President of S.P.E.A.K. (Spoken Poetry Expressed by All Kinds). Cezanne has been on multiple National Poetry Slam teams including: Da Poetry Lounge, San Diego Slam Team, Oakland Slam Team, Elevated!, Golden State Slam, Berkeley Poetry Slam, and Busboys and Poets Beltway. She was on the 2018 Root Slam team for the 2018 National Poetry Slam. \"Heels\" was originally filmed by All Def Poetry during her performance of the piece at the Da Poetry Lounge. Later, Cezanne performed the piece again at the","psg_id":"20853977"},{"title":"Cezanne (horse)","text":"June and fourth in the September Stakes at Kempton in September. Cezanne was retired from racing and the end of the 1996 season and became a breeding stallion in Ireland. Standing at the Coolagown Stud in County Cork he proved to be infertile and produced no recorded foals. He was gelded in September 1998. In the late autumn of 1998 Cezanne joined the stable of Michael Roberts in Sussex and embarked on a new career as a National Hunt horse. After being beaten in his first two starts over obstacles he won a Novice hurdle race at Huntingdon Racecourse on","psg_id":"20337224"},{"title":"Cezanne Khan","text":"Cezanne Khan Cézanne Khan is an Indian television actor. He became famous playing the lead role of \"Anurag Basu\" in Ekta Kapoor's Balaji Telefilms, \"Kasautii Zindagii Kay\", that aired on Star Plus. He has played various, critically acclaimed roles on Pakistani television too. Khan was born into a Muslim family in Mumbai, Maharashtra. His father is Ustad Rais Khan, a famous sitarist in Pakistan. His mother, Tasnim Khan, is an interior designer, whose family also resides in Karachi, Pakistan. His brother, Suhail Khan, is a singer, composer and a sitar player. He was named after the famous French painter Paul","psg_id":"8073968"},{"title":"Cezanne (horse)","text":"and won by two lengths from Vincenzo. Mick Kinane took over from Hind when Cezanne was stepped up in class for the Group 1 Irish Champion Stakes over ten furlongs at Leopardstown Racecourse on 10 September. He was made the 7/2 third choice in the betting behind the joint-favourites Muhtarram and Del Deya (Pretty Polly Stakes) whilst the other five runners were Grand Lodge, Environment Friend, Scribe (Gordon Richards Stakes), Garden of Heaven (Prix du Conseil de Paris) and Perfect Imposter (Tattersalls Gold Cup). Cezanne raced close behind the leaders and moved into second place behind Del Deya half a","psg_id":"20337221"},{"title":"French impressionist cinema","text":"French impressionist cinema French impressionist cinema (first avant-garde or narrative avant-garde) refers to a group of French films and filmmakers of the 1920s. Film scholars have had much difficulty in defining this movement or for that matter deciding whether it should be considered a movement at all. David Bordwell has attempted to define a unified stylistic paradigm and set of tenets. Others, namely Richard Abel, criticize these attempts and group the films and filmmakers more loosely, based on a common goal of \"exploration of the process of representation and signification in narrative film discourse.\" Still others such as Dudley Andrew","psg_id":"9463379"},{"title":"What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy","text":"the player's life). Katie Salen promotes games as a learning tool for the 21st century. She helped design and launch Quest to Learn where learning takes place by playing and exploring games. The curriculum is organized around the idea that \"digital games are central to the lives of today's children and also increasingly, as their speed and capabilities grow, powerful tools for intellectual exploration.\" What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy is a book by James Paul Gee that focuses on the learning principles in","psg_id":"17953208"},{"title":"French impressionist cinema","text":"Ian. \"European Film Theory and Criticism: A Critical Introduction\". Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press: 2001. p. 82. 6. Abel p. 292-294 7. Bordwell p. 133 8. Aitken p. 82 French impressionist cinema French impressionist cinema (first avant-garde or narrative avant-garde) refers to a group of French films and filmmakers of the 1920s. Film scholars have had much difficulty in defining this movement or for that matter deciding whether it should be considered a movement at all. David Bordwell has attempted to define a unified stylistic paradigm and set of tenets. Others, namely Richard Abel, criticize these attempts and group the films","psg_id":"9463388"},{"title":"Do It All Over Again","text":"could be his incessant over-eagerness to present himself as the perfect pop package. Between its clichéd lyrics (\"Let's go to a place we've never been before/ I wanna see it all\"), the slick but dated electro whirring production and toe-curling music video that charts his rise from bedroom singer to selfie-obsessed popstar, 'Do It All Over Again' is the last thing we want to do at the start of 2014.\" The song has peaked at number 5 on the UK Singles Chart and number 83 on the Irish Singles Chart. Do It All Over Again \"Do It All Over Again\"","psg_id":"17806202"},{"title":"Over and Over and Over","text":"Studios in New York City for a Spotify Singles release, which was released on April 25 with a cover of the Modern Lovers song Pablo Picasso as the B-side. Over and Over and Over \"Over and Over and Over\" is a song by American musician Jack White. It was released as the second single from his third solo studio album, \"Boarding House Reach\" (2018), on March 1, 2018. In the US, the song peaked at number 20 on the Alternative Songs chart and number 33 on the Hot Rock Songs chart. \"Over and Over and Over\" was conceived by White","psg_id":"20531973"},{"title":"Over and Over and Over","text":"Over and Over and Over \"Over and Over and Over\" is a song by American musician Jack White. It was released as the second single from his third solo studio album, \"Boarding House Reach\" (2018), on March 1, 2018. In the US, the song peaked at number 20 on the Alternative Songs chart and number 33 on the Hot Rock Songs chart. \"Over and Over and Over\" was conceived by White around 2005 when he was still in the White Stripes. He considered recording it for the band but shelved the idea instead. He would later consider recording with one","psg_id":"20531969"},{"title":"Never Say Never Again","text":"\"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\", Connery revealed he did not know his wrist was broken until over a decade later. Many of the elements of the Eon-produced Bond films were not present in \"Never Say Never Again\" for legal reasons. These included the gun barrel sequence, where a screen full of 007 symbols appeared instead, and similarly there was no \"James Bond Theme\" to use, although no effort was made to supply another tune. A pre-credits sequence was filmed but not used; instead the film opens with the credits run over the top of the opening sequence of Bond","psg_id":"2703581"},{"title":"Starting Over Again (Natalie Cole song)","text":"album \"Good to Be Back\", the first of which: \"Miss You Like Crazy\" (#7 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100/ #1 R&B) having been - like \"Starting Over Again\" - a Michael Masser production and co-write, \"Miss You Like Crazy\" being Cole's second major hit produced by Masser and written by Masser and Gerry Goffin, the first being \"Someone That I Used to Love (#21 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100/ #21 R&B) (1980). \"Starting Over Again\" did not afford Cole a Hot 100 or R&B hit but did chart on \"Billboard\" magazine's Adult Contemporary chart at number five, also reaching 12","psg_id":"20617835"},{"title":"Stars over Texas","text":"Stars over Texas \"Stars over Texas\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Tracy Lawrence. It was released in July 1996 as the third single from his album \"Time Marches On\". The song peaked at number 2 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart and peaked at number 42 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart. The CD single included 30-second excerpts of \"From What We Give\", \"Speed of a Fool\" and \"Somewhere Between the Moon and You\", all from \"Time Marches On\". Lawrence wrote the song with Larry Boone and Paul Nelson. The song","psg_id":"13303406"},{"title":"Say It Again (Precious song)","text":"as permission to include it had not been obtained. The song was succeeded as UK entry at the 2000 contest by Nicki French with \"Don't Play That Song Again\". Say It Again (Precious song) \"Say It Again\" was the United Kingdom entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 1999, written by Paul Varney and performed by girl band Precious. It was produced by Cutfather & Joe, and included on the band's self-titled debut album (2000). The song was performed 5th on the night of the contest, following Croatia's Doris Dragović with \"Marija Magdalena\" and preceding Slovenia's Darja Švajger with \"For A","psg_id":"12610209"},{"title":"What I'd Say","text":"What I'd Say \"What I'd Say\" is a song written by Robert Byrne and Will Robinson, and recorded by American country music artist Earl Thomas Conley. It was released in October 1988 as the third single from his album, \"The Heart of It All\". \"What I'd Say\" was Earl Thomas Conley's seventeenth number one country single. The single went to number one on the U.S. and Canadian country chart's and spent a total of fourteen weeks on the U.S. country chart. The song talks of a man holding imaginary conversations with the woman who'd left him, rehearsing what he might","psg_id":"14198872"},{"title":"Bridge over Troubled Water (Paul Desmond album)","text":"Garfunkel. Bridge over Troubled Water (Paul Desmond album) Bridge over Troubled Water is a 1970 studio album by Paul Desmond. It consists of songs recorded by Simon & Garfunkel and arranged by Don Sebesky. Richard S. Ginell of AllMusic said that \"Against the odds as determined by bopsters, Desmond finds something beautiful, wistful, and/or sly to say in each of these ten tunes, backed by Herbie Hancock's Rhodes electric piano and a set of ravishing, occasionally overstated (as in \"America\") orchestrations by Don Sebesky\". All songs written by Paul Simon, except \"Scarborough Fair/Canticle\", a traditional ballad, arranged by Simon and","psg_id":"15973841"},{"title":"Bridge over Troubled Water (Paul Desmond album)","text":"Bridge over Troubled Water (Paul Desmond album) Bridge over Troubled Water is a 1970 studio album by Paul Desmond. It consists of songs recorded by Simon & Garfunkel and arranged by Don Sebesky. Richard S. Ginell of AllMusic said that \"Against the odds as determined by bopsters, Desmond finds something beautiful, wistful, and/or sly to say in each of these ten tunes, backed by Herbie Hancock's Rhodes electric piano and a set of ravishing, occasionally overstated (as in \"America\") orchestrations by Don Sebesky\". All songs written by Paul Simon, except \"Scarborough Fair/Canticle\", a traditional ballad, arranged by Simon and Art","psg_id":"15973840"},{"title":"Starting over Again","text":"Starting over Again Starting over Again is a documentary directed by Ruggero Gabbai and produced by Elliot Malki. The film is about the exodus of the Jews of Egypt between 1948 and 1956. Filming took place in Paris, London, Milan, New York City, Washington, Tel Aviv, and Jerusalem, starting in 2014. The documentary has been officially selected at the Jerusalem Film Festival of 2015. The documentary is about the story of the Egyptian Jews between 1948 and 1956. The story is told by 20 witnesses who narrate their own experience. The film covers personal emotional memories, through interviews, historical events","psg_id":"19083419"},{"title":"Do It All Over Again","text":"Do It All Over Again \"Do It All Over Again\" is the debut single by British pop singer Elyar Fox. The song was released in the United Kingdom as a digital download on 10 January 2014 as the lead single from his debut studio album. A music video to accompany the release of \"Do It All Over Again\" was first released onto YouTube on 10 December 2013 at a total length of three minutes and thirty-three seconds. The video shows Elyar performing the track in a massive aircraft hangar, while fans upload videos of themselves to YouTube dancing to the","psg_id":"17806198"},{"title":"Cezanne (horse)","text":"12 May 1999. He continued to compete in hurdle races for the next three seasons but never won again and ended his career by finishing unplaced in a handicap hurdle at Wincanton in November 2001. Cezanne (horse) Cezanne (26 April 1989 – after 2001) was a British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse. Unraced as a two-year-old he showed modest form in 1992 and 1993, winning two minor races in England. After being transferred to race in Dubai he emerged as a top-class middle-distance performer as a five-year-old, taking the second and third rounds of the Al Maktoum Challenge before returning to Europe to","psg_id":"20337225"},{"title":"Happenin' All Over Again","text":"It was produced by George Papapetros and Max Kourilov, and released as the second single from the album on 11 November 2006. The song peaked at number nine on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), for shipments of 35,000 copies. The music video for \"Happenin' All Over Again\" features the Young Divas singing and dancing in front of a white backdrop. Source Happenin' All Over Again \"Happenin' All over Again\" is a song written and produced by Stock Aitken & Waterman for Lonnie Gordon's first album \"If I Have to Stand","psg_id":"9035382"},{"title":"What I'd Say","text":"the week of November 12, 1988. What I'd Say \"What I'd Say\" is a song written by Robert Byrne and Will Robinson, and recorded by American country music artist Earl Thomas Conley. It was released in October 1988 as the third single from his album, \"The Heart of It All\". \"What I'd Say\" was Earl Thomas Conley's seventeenth number one country single. The single went to number one on the U.S. and Canadian country chart's and spent a total of fourteen weeks on the U.S. country chart. The song talks of a man holding imaginary conversations with the woman who'd","psg_id":"14198874"},{"title":"Parrot","text":"reported, and record ages of over 100. Small parrots, such as lovebirds, hanging parrots, and budgies, have shorter lifespans up to 15–20 years. Some parrot species can be quite loud, and many of the larger parrots can be destructive and require a very large cage, and a regular supply of new toys, branches, or other items to chew up. The intelligence of parrots means they are quick to learn tricks and other behaviours—both good and bad—that get them what they want, such as attention or treats. The popularity, longevity, and intelligence of many of the larger kinds of pet parrots","psg_id":"12899979"},{"title":"Starting Over Again (album)","text":"Star Records managing director Anabelle Regalado's Sana Nandito Ka, and Sheryn's very own composition with her husband entitled My Heart Beats for You. Starting Over Again (album) Starting Over Again is Sheryn Regis' fourth studio album under Star Records, released on June 2008. The album contains seven revivals and three originals. The covers in the album include the carrier single, entitled Starting Over Again, which was based on the Natalie Cole version, If I'm Not in Love by Faith Hill, Where Do Broken Hearts Go by Whitney Houston, Always by Bon Jovi, Save the Best for Last by Vanessa L.","psg_id":"12059319"},{"title":"Starting Over Again (album)","text":"Starting Over Again (album) Starting Over Again is Sheryn Regis' fourth studio album under Star Records, released on June 2008. The album contains seven revivals and three originals. The covers in the album include the carrier single, entitled Starting Over Again, which was based on the Natalie Cole version, If I'm Not in Love by Faith Hill, Where Do Broken Hearts Go by Whitney Houston, Always by Bon Jovi, Save the Best for Last by Vanessa L. Williams, For Your Eyes Only by Sheena Easton, and It Must Have Been Love by Roxette. The originals include Vehnee Saturno's Patunayan Mo,","psg_id":"12059318"},{"title":"Never Say Never Again","text":"score of 5 out of 10, claiming that the film \"is more miss than hit\". The review also thought that the film was \"marred with too many clunky exposition scenes and not enough moments of Bond being Bond\". In 1995 Michael Sauter of \"Entertainment Weekly\" rated \"Never Say Never Again\" as the ninth best Bond film to that point, after 17 films had been released. Sauter thought the film \"is successful only as a portrait of an over-the-hill superhero.\" He did admit, however, that \"even past his prime, Connery proves that nobody does it better\". James Berardinelli, in his review","psg_id":"2703595"},{"title":"What I Did Right","text":"daughter. All three examples are connected by a chorus stating \"\"I'll take this one day and figure out what I did right / And I'll do it the same way for the rest of my life.\"\" Deborah Evans Price of \"Billboard\" reviewed the song favorably, saying that \"Like 'I Hope You Dance'…the song will touch a universal chord with everyone who has experienced a moment so perfect they wish they could capture it and live it over again.\" What I Did Right \"What I Did Right\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It","psg_id":"18787754"},{"title":"Rock and Roll Over","text":"not equal the success of \"Beth\", it did become another top 20 single for Kiss. \"Calling Dr. Love\" became a concert staple, being played on just about every tour since the album's release. The cover artwork was created by artist Michael Doret, who worked with Kiss again on their 2009 album \"Sonic Boom\". This is the first Kiss album to not feature a writing credit from Ace Frehley. \"Rock and Roll Over\" was released by Casablanca Records on November 11, 1976. Included inside the album sleeve were a sticker of the album cover and a glossy photo press release pamphlet.","psg_id":"5508921"},{"title":"What My Heart Wants to Say","text":"at number one. The single went double-platinum, and was voted 2002's The Record of the Year by viewers of ITV. The track was followed by another number-one single, \"Anyone of Us (Stupid Mistake)\". His third single, a double A-side \"Suspicious Minds\" and \"The Long and Winding Road\", a duet with Young, also reached number one. His fourth single, the album's title track, \"What My Heart Wants to Say\", reached number five. The album achieved first week sales of over 100,000 copies, peaking at number two on the UK Albums Chart, and eventually earning double platinum status. What My Heart Wants","psg_id":"9281887"},{"title":"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog","text":"letters of the alphabet\". Robert Baden-Powell's book \"Scouting for Boys\" (1908) uses the phrase as a practice sentence for signaling. The first message sent on the Moscow–Washington hotline on August 30, 1963, was the test phrase \"THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPED OVER THE LAZY DOG'S BACK 1234567890\". Later, during testing, the Russian translators sent a message asking their American counterparts, \"What does it mean when your people say 'The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog?'\" During the 20th century, technicians tested typewriters and teleprinters by typing the sentence. In the age of computers, this pangram is commonly used","psg_id":"13370314"},{"title":"Blue-naped parrot","text":"have has made this species scarce on most islands except Mindoro and Palawan. The Katala Foundation has raised concerns over the increasing illegal trade of this bird on Palawan. Blue-naped parrot The blue-naped parrot (\"Tanygnathus lucionensis\"), also known as the blue-crowned green parrot, Luzon parrot, the Philippine green parrot, and locally known as pikoy, is a parrot found throughout the Philippines. In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the blue-naped parrot in his \"Ornithologie\" based on a specimen collected on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. He used the French name \"Le perroquet de","psg_id":"10093282"},{"title":"Look Back Again/Over the Distance","text":"helping a recently deceased young man deliver a final message to his lover. Look Back Again/Over the Distance \"Look Back Again\"/\"Over the Distance\" is a song by Hitomi Yaida, released as a double A-side single. It was the second single taken from the album \"Candlize\". \"Look Back Again\" reached 5th place in the charts with \"Over the Distance\" not performing as well and reaching 13th position. \"Over the Distance\" was featured in the Nintendo DS Rhythm game \"Osu! Tatakae! Ouendan\", as one of the most subdued songs in the game due to its use of soft bells and chimes replacing","psg_id":"9066875"},{"title":"What I Really Meant to Say","text":"What I Really Meant to Say \"What I Really Meant to Say\" is a debut song written by Cyndi Thomson, Tommy Lee James and Chris Waters. It was released in March 2001 as Thomson's debut single, as well as the lead-off single from her debut album \"My World\". The song reached the top of the Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart, giving Thomson her only Number One single on that chart. It also made her the third country music artist that year to reach Number One with a debut single. The song is a mid-tempo mostly","psg_id":"12792533"},{"title":"It Ain't Over (Paul Carrack album)","text":"It Ain't Over (Paul Carrack album) It Ain't Over is the ninth solo studio album by the English singer-songwriter Paul Carrack, then a member of the supergroup Mike + The Mechanics. It was originally released in 2003 on Carrack's own Carrack-UK label. Several different versions of the album exist. In addition to the standard 11-track issue, a \"Special Edition\" featuring four additional live recordings was released. As well, the European issue of \"It Ain't Over\" contains the standard 11 studio tracks plus two additional live tracks that did not appear on the \"Special Edition\", for a total of 13 tracks.","psg_id":"20638853"},{"title":"Murrow Turning Over in His Grave","text":"be truthful.\" Murrow Turning Over in His Grave \"Murrow Turning Over in His Grave\" is the second track on Fleetwood Mac's 2003 album \"Say You Will\". It was written and sung by Lindsey Buckingham. although its chorus is based heavily on that of the traditional American song Black Betty. The song features Buckingham singing the two verses in a falsetto with the chorus being composed of many overdubbed vocals. Considerable studio production manipulation is used to give the song a synthetic and technological mood. The song's closing section features a distorted guitar solo of over 90 seconds while three separate","psg_id":"13219738"},{"title":"Murrow Turning Over in His Grave","text":"Murrow Turning Over in His Grave \"Murrow Turning Over in His Grave\" is the second track on Fleetwood Mac's 2003 album \"Say You Will\". It was written and sung by Lindsey Buckingham. although its chorus is based heavily on that of the traditional American song Black Betty. The song features Buckingham singing the two verses in a falsetto with the chorus being composed of many overdubbed vocals. Considerable studio production manipulation is used to give the song a synthetic and technological mood. The song's closing section features a distorted guitar solo of over 90 seconds while three separate guitars accompany.","psg_id":"13219736"},{"title":"What I Meant to Say","text":"bar. As he gets up and goes outside everything and everybody starts going backwards as he walks back to his house. When he gets there, his lover is waiting there, crying after their fight. When he hugs her, time goes back to normal and they go inside. \"What I Meant to Say\" debuted at number sixty-nine on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of October 28, 1995. What I Meant to Say \"What I Meant to Say\" is a song written by Sam Hogin, Jim McBride and Don Cook, and recorded by American country music","psg_id":"13801609"},{"title":"Moon Over Buffalo","text":"and happy. Now that Roz is single, Paul takes the opportunity to propose to her, and they get engaged again on the spot. Charlotte forgives — or at least forgets — George's infidelity and decides to stay with him instead of Richard. Finally, in a \"deus ex machina\"-like plot twist, Capra himself calls to say that he missed the afternoon performance and will instead see the show in the evening, thus allowing George and Charlotte another chance at Hollywood stardom. Directed by Tom Moore, \"Moon Over Buffalo\" opened on Broadway at the Martin Beck Theatre on October 1, 1995, where","psg_id":"6431132"},{"title":"Theodore Wassmer","text":"in December 1945. The couple had known each other since the 1930s. Judy was also an artist. Wassmer studied for four years at the Art Students' League. He was taught there by Yasuo Kuniyoshi, and later by Raphael Soyer. Wassmer studied Impressionist paintings and works of Paul Cezanne. He often copied works from the old masters from the Metropolitan Museum of Art as well. He opened a portrait studio in Carnegie Hall, but found that he did not enjoy painting portraits. In 1952, he and his wife moved to Woodstock, New York where they lived for 33 years. They painted","psg_id":"19563488"},{"title":"Imani Cezanne","text":"Ill List Slam Poetry Invitational in December 2014, and Button Poetry later posted a video of her performing the same piece on their platform. Cezanne performed \"Protest\" at the 2015 National Poetry Slam. Cezanne performed \"Angry Black Woman\" at the Da Poetry Lounge in 2015. Originally performed at the 2014 Women of the World Poetry Slam in Austin, Texas. It was filmed by Button Poetry and uploaded to YouTube. Cezanne was born and raised in San Diego, CA. Imani Cezanne Imani Cezanne is an American activist and spoken word poet. She is the founding president of President of S.P.E.A.K. (Spoken","psg_id":"20853978"},{"title":"Happenin' All Over Again","text":"Happenin' All Over Again \"Happenin' All over Again\" is a song written and produced by Stock Aitken & Waterman for Lonnie Gordon's first album \"If I Have to Stand Alone\" (1991). It was released as the album's second single in January 1990 and reached #4 on the main UK singles chart. The song mixed Stock Aitken & Waterman's Europop sound with the blooming Italo house music which was becoming big in the UK charts at the time. This 1990 version was never released in the USA. The song had been originally written for Donna Summer, but due to a falling-out","psg_id":"9035380"},{"title":"Starting Over Again (film)","text":"in the United States after being screened in 52 cinemas and theaters, according to Los Angeles-based Hollywood news site, \"moviecitynews.com\". Starting Over Again (film) Starting Over Again is a Filipino romantic comedy film directed by Olivia M. Lamasan, starring Piolo Pascual and Toni Gonzaga. It was produced and distributed by Star Cinema as part of its 20th anniversary. It officially premiered in the Philippines on February 12, 2014. The film was an instant box-office success earning 25 million pesos on its opening day. On March 15, 2014, a month after its theatrical release, the film earned a total domestic gross","psg_id":"17878792"},{"title":"Over and Over (Erin Bode album)","text":"Over and Over (Erin Bode album) Over and Over is the second studio album released by jazz singer Erin Bode. It was recorded over three days in mid-May 2005 and released on January 31, 2006 by the label Maxjazz. This album, more than her first, sees Bode being compared to jazz vocalist Norah Jones. This is the first album that contains songs almost exclusively penned by Bode and her collaborator, pianist Adam Maness. The three exceptions are two pop covers (Paul Simon's \"Graceland,\" Simply Red's \"Holding Back the Years\") and a jazz standard (\"Alone Together\"). Reviews of the album, mainly","psg_id":"9756540"},{"title":"Starting Over Again (film)","text":"Martinez-Belen of the \"Manila Bulletin\", it was stated that Malou Santos personally chose Gonzaga to portray the lead role. Filipina singer Lani Misalucha covered the Natalie Cole song, \"Starting Over Again\" as the movie's theme song. The official trailer was released on YouTube on January 18, 2014 and became viral. The \"Starting Over Again\" red carpet premiere in the Philippines was attended by its principal cast members at the SM Megamall on February 10, 2014. The film was then commercially screened on February 12, 2014. The film also had a North American premiere held at the Fox Theatre in Redwood","psg_id":"17878785"},{"title":"Starting Over Again (Natalie Cole song)","text":"Starting Over Again (Natalie Cole song) \"Starting Over Again\" is the title of a romantic ballad composed by Michael Masser and lyricist Gerry Goffin first recorded by Dionne Warwick in 1981 as \"Now We're Starting Over Again\": the song was most successful as a 1990 single release by Natalie Cole. \"Now We're Starting Over Again\" was one of five studio recordings by Dionne Warwick to augment the concert tracks on her 1981 album \"Hot! Live and Otherwise\": three of these studio tracks were produced and co-written by Michael Masser being - besides \"Now We're Starting Over Again\" - \"There's a","psg_id":"20617833"},{"title":"Fort Kyk-Over-Al","text":"command were able to defend the settlement after killing many of the invaders. In December 1712, Pomeroon was attacked again by a combined force of French and Spanish buccaneers, but Blake and his men were able to drive them away. Fort Kyk-Over-Al Fort Kyk-Over-Al was a Dutch fort in the colony of Essequibo, in what is now Guyana. It was constructed in 1616 at the intersection of the Essequibo, Cuyuni and Mazaruni rivers. It once served as the centre for the Dutch administration of the county, but now only ruins are left. The name Kyk-Over-Al derives from the Dutch for","psg_id":"6606290"},{"title":"Mark Elliot (voice-over artist)","text":"Mark Elliot (voice-over artist) John Harrison Frick Jr., known professionally as Mark Elliot (born September 24, 1939) is an American voice-over artist best known as the primary voice for Disney productions from 1983 to 2008. He also provided voice-overs for trailers of non-Disney films, logos, feature presentation bumpers and commercials. He was also the voice of CBS and FOX throughout the 1980s and 1990s, and various theatrical trailers for such non-Disney animated movies. In addition to his behind-the-scenes work, Elliott starred with four other notable voice artists in the 1997 short film \"5 Men and a Limo\". Previously, Elliot was","psg_id":"10834487"},{"title":"Starting Over Again (film)","text":"Starting Over Again (film) Starting Over Again is a Filipino romantic comedy film directed by Olivia M. Lamasan, starring Piolo Pascual and Toni Gonzaga. It was produced and distributed by Star Cinema as part of its 20th anniversary. It officially premiered in the Philippines on February 12, 2014. The film was an instant box-office success earning 25 million pesos on its opening day. On March 15, 2014, a month after its theatrical release, the film earned a total domestic gross of 410 million pesos. Development began eight months prior the release date with a working title of \"\"Unlove You.\"\" The","psg_id":"17878782"},{"title":"Starting Over Again (Natalie Cole song)","text":"on the Canadian Adult Contemporary chart. \"Starting Over Again\" was also a minor hit in the UK (#56). The B-side of the single was Cole's duet with Freddie Jackson entitled \"I Do\" which in a previous release had been a Top Ten R&B chart hit. Starting Over Again (Natalie Cole song) \"Starting Over Again\" is the title of a romantic ballad composed by Michael Masser and lyricist Gerry Goffin first recorded by Dionne Warwick in 1981 as \"Now We're Starting Over Again\": the song was most successful as a 1990 single release by Natalie Cole. \"Now We're Starting Over Again\"","psg_id":"20617836"},{"title":"What They Did to Princess Paragon","text":"What They Did to Princess Paragon What They Did to Princess Paragon is a humor novel by Robert Rodi, which tells the story of what happens when a venerable comic book superheroine is retconned as a lesbian. Gay comic book creator Brian Parrish is hired by Bang Comics to take over \"Princess Paragon\", a superhero comic book that's been around since the 1940s, but whose sales are slumping badly by the 1990s. Parrish decides to reimagine Princess Paragon as a lesbian, a move which causes quite a bit of excitement and publicity for Bang, but also causes consternation among some","psg_id":"13675534"},{"title":"Listen to What the Man Said","text":"The single was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for sales of over one million copies. \"Listen to What the Man Said\" was recorded in early 1975 by Wings during their New Orleans sessions for \"Venus and Mars\". It was a song which Paul McCartney had high hopes for, but early recordings did not live up to the song's potential. McCartney said in 1975 of his initial opinion of the song, \"It was one of the songs we’d gone in with high hopes for. Whenever I would play it on the piano, people would say ‘Oh, I","psg_id":"8147830"},{"title":"What Do You Say to That","text":"on to say that the production incorporates \"sweet, understated fiddle and piano that interplay nicely with Strait's eloquent vocal performance.\" \"What Do You Say to That\" re-entered the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart at number 67 as an official single for the week of July 31, 1999. What Do You Say to That \"What Do You Say to That\" is a song written by Jim Lauderdale and Melba Montgomery. First recorded by David Ball on his album \"Play\", it was later recorded by George Strait on his album \"Always Never the Same\". Strait's version was released in","psg_id":"13320935"},{"title":"What My Heart Wants to Say","text":"Minds\", and the title track, \"What My Heart Wants to Say\". In the UK, the album went on to achieve double platinum success, selling over 600,000 copies, and peaking at #2 on the UK Albums Chart. Gates secured a record deal from Simon Cowell to his label, Sony BMG, after he became the runner-up to Will Young on the first series of talent competition \"Pop Idol\" in February 2002. Gates audition, a version of the popular Westlife track \"Flying Without Wings\", secured him entry into the show. Gates' first single, a cover of \"Unchained Melody\", entered the UK Singles Chart","psg_id":"9281886"},{"title":"Paul R. Schumann","text":"of exquisite sensibility.\" An American critic concluded that Schumann was \"doing for the Texas Gulf shores what Winslow Homer did for the Coast of Maine,\" arguing that if he had been painting \"along the New England Coast instead of the Gulf of Mexico, his marines would have been known over all the world.\" Paul R. Schumann Paul Richard Schumann (December 13, 1876 – April 29, 1946) was a Texas impressionist seascape painter who has been called the Gulf Coast counterpart of Winslow Homer. Paul R. Schumann was born in Reichersdorf in the German state of Saxony in 1876, one of","psg_id":"15809855"},{"title":"Starting Over Again (Donna Summer song)","text":"covered \"Starting Over Again\" in 2001. Starting Over Again (Donna Summer song) \"Starting Over Again\" is a song recorded by American entertainer Dolly Parton. The song was written by Donna Summer and her husband Bruce Sudano. Parton's recording was performed as a slow tempo ballad, gradually building to a dramatic crescendo. It was released in March 1980 as the first single from her album \"Dolly, Dolly, Dolly.\" \"Starting Over Again\" made the U.S. pop top forty, peaking at number 36, and reached number 1 on the U.S. country charts on May 24, 1980. Donna Summer also recorded it as a","psg_id":"7721076"},{"title":"Burned-over district","text":"Burned-over district The burned-over district is the western and central regions of New York in the early 19th century, where religious revivals and the formation of new religious movements of the Second Great Awakening took place. The term was coined by Charles Grandison Finney, who in his 1876 book \"Autobiography of Charles G. Finney\" referred to a \"burnt district\" to denote an area in central and western New York State during the Second Great Awakening. \"I found that region of country what, in the western phrase, would be called, a 'burnt district.' There had been, a few years previously, a","psg_id":"1694132"},{"title":"Hands All Over (album)","text":"few more gems to the band's growing cache of incredible pop singles and overlooked deep cuts, Hands All Over makes some decent contributions to what could wind up being Maroon 5's true redemption: a damn fine greatest hits record.\" The \"Los Angeles Times\" review say that: \"\"Hands All Over\" reveals less about who frontman Adam Levine is than did Maroon 5's previous records; too often the songs cleave to opaque generalities\". Hugh Montgomery in \"The Observer\" wrote that 'Jaunty funk-pop and blustery arena balladry remain the order of the day, while Adam Levine's falsetto whine still proffers all the emotional","psg_id":"14709468"},{"title":"Say a Prayer for the Boys Over There","text":"the war. Say a Prayer for the Boys Over There Say a Prayer for the Boys Over There is a song from 1918, written by James A. Nall. The song was originally performed by the Peerless Quartet and reached number on the top 100 US songs of 1918. The cover illustration features a silhouette of a soldier fighting while surrounded by exploding artillery. Considered to be a \"flag waving tune\" from World War I, \"Say a Prayer for the Boys Over There\" also saw popularity during the early stages of World War II and was meant to inspire patriotism and","psg_id":"18305590"},{"title":"Say a Prayer for the Boys Over There","text":"Say a Prayer for the Boys Over There Say a Prayer for the Boys Over There is a song from 1918, written by James A. Nall. The song was originally performed by the Peerless Quartet and reached number on the top 100 US songs of 1918. The cover illustration features a silhouette of a soldier fighting while surrounded by exploding artillery. Considered to be a \"flag waving tune\" from World War I, \"Say a Prayer for the Boys Over There\" also saw popularity during the early stages of World War II and was meant to inspire patriotism and support for","psg_id":"18305589"},{"title":"Prince Paul of Thurn and Taxis","text":"Ludwig! What in the name of all the Saints has your Friedrich done to you? What did he say that no hand, no good night, no Auf Wiedersehen favoured him? How I feel I cannot say, my trembling hand may show you my inner disquiet. I did not intend to hurt you. Forgive me; be good again with me, I fear the worst - I cannot stand this. May my notes climb to you reconcilingly. Amen! Forgive your unhappy Friedrich”\". On 7 November 1866, Paul is released from his duties as aide-de-camp and transferred to an artillery regiment \"\"under gracious","psg_id":"13952201"},{"title":"I'd Love You All Over Again","text":"I'd Love You All Over Again \"I'd Love You All Over Again is a song written and recorded by American country music singer-songwriter Alan Jackson. It was released in January 1991 as the last single from his debut album, \"Here in the Real World\", the song was Jackson's first number 1 single on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart, as well as his second number 1 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart. The song is told from the point of view of a husband celebrating his 10th anniversary. He states that if he had the chance to","psg_id":"11634601"},{"title":"Glad All Over","text":"by The Rezillos on their debut album Can't Stand the Rezillos. Quiet Riot covered the song in their 1978 self-titled debut. In 1980, Olivia Pascal covered the song, as did Suzi Quatro on her \"Rock Hard\" album. Donnie Iris and the Cruisers recorded \"Glad All Over\" on their 1982 LP, \"The High and the Mighty\". Pet Shop Boys covered the song for a b-side to their 2010 single \"Together\". Though it was never recorded in the studio, Dubuque, Iowa noise rock band Grainbelt covered the song many times during their raucous live performances. Glad All Over \"Glad All Over\" is","psg_id":"10423512"},{"title":"(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me","text":"(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me \"(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me\" is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It is the fifth single from the singer's second solo album, \"Hearsay\" (1987). The song's distinctive backing vocals were performed by Lisa Keith. Following the successful chart performances of the \"Hearsay\" singles \"Fake\", \"Criticize\", \"Never Knew Love Like This\", and \"The Lovers\", \"(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me\" was released as the album's fifth single. The song O'Neal's eleventh top 40","psg_id":"11539987"},{"title":"Parrot Corporation","text":"Peters' bail was revoked in January 2010 after his electronic monitor fell off his ankle after breaking into pieces. The U.S. District Judge, William M. Skretny, did not accept Peters' explanation and revoked his bail. Peters will be confined to a jail cell until his sentencing, which was set for 16 June 2010. Peters was sentenced to 108 months (9 years) in jail by Judge William M. Skretny on 27 January 2011. Peters was also ordered to pay restitution of over $11,000,000 to Chase Bank and forfeit over $23,000,000. Parrot Corporation Parrot Corporation Limited was a British floppy diskette manufacturer","psg_id":"14825207"},{"title":"Don't Dream It's Over","text":"What I Call Love\" written by Neil Finn and Paul Hester. All tracks on vinyl are from the album \"Crowded House\", except the extended version of \"Don't Dream It's Over\". In 1991, Paul Young covered \"Don't Dream It's Over\" on his compilation \"From Time to Time – The Singles Collection\". Young's version featured Paul Carrack. \"Don't Dream It's Over\" was the second radio single released in promotion of the album \"Divine Discontent\" by Sixpence None the Richer. The commercial single release features the B-side \"Don't Pass Me By,\" which was recorded during the sessions for \"Divine Discontent\". Their version was","psg_id":"5796566"},{"title":"Paul Gauguin","text":"(about £32). For a comprehensive list of paintings by Gauguin, see List of paintings by Paul Gauguin. Self-portraits: Paul Gauguin Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin (, ; ; 7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903) was a French post-Impressionist artist. Unappreciated until after his death, Gauguin is now recognized for his experimental use of color and Synthetist style that were distinctly different from Impressionism. Toward the end of his life, he spent ten years in French Polynesia, and most of his paintings from this time depict people or landscapes from that region. His work was influential to the French avant-garde and","psg_id":"745842"},{"title":"Woman with a Parrot","text":"the model's discarded clothes and disheveled hair were controversial, although less so than \"Le Sommeil\", painted the same year. Joanna Hiffernan likely posed for both paintings, as she did for others by Courbet. The work is on view in the Metropolitan Museum's Gallery 811 Woman with a Parrot La Femme au perroquet (\"Woman with a Parrot\") is an oil painting on canvas by French artist Gustave Courbet. It was the first nude (art) by the artist to be accepted by the Paris Salon in 1866 after a previous entry in 1864 was rejected as indecent. It is in the collection","psg_id":"16931327"},{"title":"Church of St Peter and St Paul, Over Stowey","text":"a memorial to Henry Stanley, cricketer and heir to the Quantock Lodge Estate who was killed in the Boer War. The diarist William Holland was the vicar of Over Stowey from 1779 until his death in 1819. In 2000 the church was featured on the Royal Mail's First Class Christmas Stamp Church of St Peter and St Paul, Over Stowey Church Of St Peter And St Paul in Over Stowey, Somerset, England is the Anglican parish church for the ancient parish of Over Stowey, now part of the Quantock Villages Benefice in the Diocese of Bath and Wells. The tower","psg_id":"17439692"},{"title":"Look Back Again/Over the Distance","text":"Look Back Again/Over the Distance \"Look Back Again\"/\"Over the Distance\" is a song by Hitomi Yaida, released as a double A-side single. It was the second single taken from the album \"Candlize\". \"Look Back Again\" reached 5th place in the charts with \"Over the Distance\" not performing as well and reaching 13th position. \"Over the Distance\" was featured in the Nintendo DS Rhythm game \"Osu! Tatakae! Ouendan\", as one of the most subdued songs in the game due to its use of soft bells and chimes replacing the high-pitched whistling used for most of the game's songs. The stage involves","psg_id":"9066874"},{"title":"What Katy Did","text":"What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old American girl, Katy Carr, and her family who live in the fictional lakeside Ohio town of Burnet in the 1860s. Katy is a tall untidy tomboy, forever getting into scrapes but wishing to be beautiful and beloved. When a terrible accident makes her an invalid, her illness and four-year recovery gradually teach her to be as good and kind as she has always wanted. Two sequels follow Katy as she grows","psg_id":"7578084"},{"title":"Ted Williams (voice-over artist)","text":"Ted Williams (voice-over artist) Ted Williams (born September 22, 1957) is an American announcer, radio personality, voice-over artist, sportscaster, philanthropist, author, and former independent United States presidential candidate. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Williams first gained minor fame in the early 1980s, as a late-night radio disc jockey on WVKO-AM in Columbus, Ohio. After over a decade in radio, Williams was fired in 1994 for alcoholism and drug abuse, and he soon found himself homeless and living a life of crime. In January 2011, Williams received widespread media attention when an interview filmed during a period when he was homeless","psg_id":"15209001"},{"title":"Start All Over","text":"2007 and 2008 the Best of Both Worlds Tour, as the opening number for her performances as herself. Cyrus again performed \"Start All Over\" once she embarked on the 2009 Wonder World Tour. The song was written and recorded by Canadian recording artist Fefe Dobson for her unreleased second album \"Sunday Love\". Dobson explained on an August 2009 interview with MTV News, Dobson sings background vocals, along with Anne Preven, on Cyrus' version of the song. Among other personnel are: Paul Bushnell for bass guitar, Scott Cutler and David Levita for electric guitar, Josh Freese for drums and Jeff Turzo","psg_id":"11306047"},{"title":"Oops!... I Did It Again (album)","text":"1,319,193 copies. With its success, Spears held the record for the highest first-week sales by a female artist. This record was held for 15 years, only to be surpassed in November 2015 by the album \"25\" by Adele, which sold over 3.38 million albums in the United States in its first week. The album fell to number two in its second week, with additional sales of 612,000 copies. It held this position for fifteen consecutive weeks. By its fifth week of availability, \"Oops!... I Did It Again\" had sold over three million copies and had passed five million copies by","psg_id":"12878242"},{"title":"Over Ashes","text":"Over Ashes Over Ashes was an American Christian rock band from Columbus, Ohio that later relocated to Nashville, Tennessee. The original group included founding members of Cross Culture, and appeared at the 2007 Gospel Music Week. The name \"Over Ashes\" is a reference to Isaiah 61:3. Their début album \"Begin Again\" was said to be \"full of straight rock tracks, with a few worship ballads thrown in for good measure\". A review in \"The Christian Pulse\" said that \"for all the wonderful things one could say about the music they produce, it is their attitude that truly shines\". Being the","psg_id":"10572514"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Over and Over Again\",\n \"text\": \"Over and Over Again \\\"Over and Over Again\\\" is a song by English singer Nathan Sykes. The song was written by Sykes, alongside Harmony Samuels, Carmen Reece and Major Johnson Finley, and was released in the United Kingdom on 18 October 2015 as the second single from his debut studio album \\\"Unfinished Business\\\" (2016). The song peaked at number eight on the UK Singles Chart. A remix, featuring American singer Ariana Grande was released on 15 January 2016. Sykes performed the song live on \\\"The X Factor\\\" on 22 November 2015. He also performed a stripped down version of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19094793\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Over and Over Again\",\n \"text\": \"song on \\\"The Late Late Show with James Corden\\\". He also sang a version of it at the 2016 Summertime Ball with Louisa Johnson. A music video to accompany the release of \\\"Over and Over Again\\\" was first released onto YouTube on 28 October 2015. It starred newcomer actress Maemae Renfrow of the future Nickelodeon show \\\"Hunter Street\\\" as the love interest. Over and Over Again \\\"Over and Over Again\\\" is a song by English singer Nathan Sykes. The song was written by Sykes, alongside Harmony Samuels, Carmen Reece and Major Johnson Finley, and was released in the United Kingdom\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19094794\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What the Hell Did I Say\",\n \"text\": \"What the Hell Did I Say \\\"What the Hell Did I Say\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by country music artist Dierks Bentley. It was released in June 2017 as the fourth single from his 2016 album \\\"Black\\\". This is the second collaboration by Bentley, Kear and Tompkins, following the highly successful No. 1 single \\\"Drunk on a Plane\\\". However, unlike \\\"Drunk\\\", this song underperformed and became the lowest charting single of Bentley's career. The song is about getting intoxicated and giving a girl false promises. A promotional video directed by Wes Edwards premiered on April 29, 2016 as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19446422\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What the Hell Did I Say\",\n \"text\": \"part of the album's pre-release video series. The official music video was released on July 9, 2017. Also directed by Edwards, the video is composed of footage from Bentley's 2017 tour. What the Hell Did I Say \\\"What the Hell Did I Say\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by country music artist Dierks Bentley. It was released in June 2017 as the fourth single from his 2016 album \\\"Black\\\". This is the second collaboration by Bentley, Kear and Tompkins, following the highly successful No. 1 single \\\"Drunk on a Plane\\\". However, unlike \\\"Drunk\\\", this song underperformed and became the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19446423\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Did He Say?\",\n \"text\": \"– 0:31 16. \\\"A Little Buzz\\\" – 2:46 17. \\\"Kids Didn't Change\\\" – 0:54 18. \\\"Heaven Is Where the Heart Is\\\" – 5:03 What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \\\"Yo Victa\\\" – 0:07 2. \\\"What Did He Say?\\\" – 3:20 3. \\\"What You Won't Do for Love\\\" – 4:43 4. \\\"Cherokee\\\" – 1:49 5. \\\"Don't Wanna Cry\\\" – 5:07 6. \\\"The Lonliest Monk\\\" – 4:36 7. \\\"A Chance\\\" – 2:54 8. \\\"Radio W-OO-10\\\" – 1:06 9. \\\"Norwegian Wood\\\" – 4:52 10. \\\"Bro John\\\" – 4:18 11. \\\"Naima\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8334567\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Did He Say?\",\n \"text\": \"What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \\\"Yo Victa\\\" – 0:07 2. \\\"What Did He Say?\\\" – 3:20 3. \\\"What You Won't Do for Love\\\" – 4:43 4. \\\"Cherokee\\\" – 1:49 5. \\\"Don't Wanna Cry\\\" – 5:07 6. \\\"The Lonliest Monk\\\" – 4:36 7. \\\"A Chance\\\" – 2:54 8. \\\"Radio W-OO-10\\\" – 1:06 9. \\\"Norwegian Wood\\\" – 4:52 10. \\\"Bro John\\\" – 4:18 11. \\\"Naima\\\" – 5:57 12. \\\"Sometimes I Laugh\\\" – 3:20 13. \\\"My Life\\\" – 4:45 14. \\\"The Sojourn of Arjuna\\\" – 6:29 15. \\\"Buzz Ntro\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8334566\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Say It's Over\",\n \"text\": \"it. He takes off his glasses before throwing the ring into silver slime. We then see N-Dubz together as the scene switches between the members as well as the other characters from the video every so often. We see the car close its doors and the rose now smoking as the fire is gone. The last scenes have all the members closing their electronic screens which appeared at the beginning of the video, the camera zooming out of the window, a final lookat the spaceship, then the N-Dubz logo appears once again then fades out. Say It's Over \\\"Say It's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14241352\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I'd Love You All Over Again\",\n \"text\": \"love his wife for the first time again, he would. The song was written for Alan's wife, Denise in a hotel room in Pine Bluff, Arkansas on a rainy evening. Kevin John Coyne of Country Universe gave the song an A grade,\\\" saying that the song \\\"showcases a particular skill that Jackson has as a songwriter. He can include a clever turn of phrase without it sounding forced, or worse, distracting from the overall mood.\\\" I'd Love You All Over Again \\\"I'd Love You All Over Again is a song written and recorded by American country music singer-songwriter Alan Jackson.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11634602\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cezanne (horse)\",\n \"text\": \"metres and 1800 metres. On 13 February he contested the inaugural running of the second round of the Al Maktoum Challenge over 2000 metres at Nad Al Sheba. Ridden by Gary Hind he won by a short head from his stablemate Red Bishop. In the third round of the challenge over 2400 metres twelve days later, with Hind again in the saddle, he recorded another narrow victory with Red Bishop again taking second place. On his returen to Europe Cezanne finished fourth in a handicap at Sandown on 1 July. Eight days later at York he was assigned top weight\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20337219\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Starting over Again\",\n \"text\": \"English, Italian and French. Filming took place in many different locations all around the world, the idea was to show the actual cosmopolitan culture told by the witnesses. Historical footages stagger the historical events, placing in time the testimonies. Starting over Again Starting over Again is a documentary directed by Ruggero Gabbai and produced by Elliot Malki. The film is about the exodus of the Jews of Egypt between 1948 and 1956. Filming took place in Paris, London, Milan, New York City, Washington, Tel Aviv, and Jerusalem, starting in 2014. The documentary has been officially selected at the Jerusalem Film\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19083426\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What I'd Say\",\n \"text\": \"say if he ever ran into her. He doesn't know whether he would express his feelings, compliment her, or tell her to \\\"go to hell.\\\" The song concludes by the man stating that his ex-lover would have to wait until the day they meet again to find out what he would say to her. The song was also covered by Gary Allan on his 2001 album \\\"Alright Guy\\\" and by Irish singer/songwriter Paul Harrington whose version was the title track of his debut album in 1988. \\\"What I'd Say\\\" debuted on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14198873\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Over and Over and Over\",\n \"text\": \"of his side projects, the Raconteurs, but again chose not to do so. The song was also nearly recorded in collaboration with American rapper Jay-Z. Ultimately, he chose not to record the song until the sessions for \\\"Boarding House Reach\\\" in 2017. White recalled in an article with \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" that he \\\"chased it and chased it\\\" and eventually managed to finally have a final product ready. \\\"Over and Over and Over\\\" has been described as a throwback to White's earlier garage rock works as well as a \\\"blues rock jam\\\". White served as the vocalist and performed electric guitar\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20531970\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Say It's Over\",\n \"text\": \"the scene skips back to Dappy arguing with the hologram before he lashes out on it causing it to disappear. It then skips to the corridor again where Tulisa is walking towards the camera and as the camera has a shot of Tulisa sideways, a man grabs her arm and pulls her towards him. Tulisa has the words 'Say It's' and 'Over' on her knuckles in big white letters outlined with black. Tulisa is seen arguing with the man who grabbed her in the background while a person uses a screen to the left of the set. Then in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14241348\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dead Parrot sketch\",\n \"text\": \"very funny there, if we could find the right context for it\\\". In early drafts of what would become the Dead Parrot Sketch, the frustrated customer was trying to return a faulty toaster to a shop. Chapman realised that it needed to be \\\"madder\\\", and came up with the parrot idea. Over the years, Cleese and Palin have done many versions of the \\\"Dead Parrot\\\" sketch for various television shows, record albums, and live performances. \\\"Dead Parrot\\\" was voted the top alternative comedy sketch in a Radio Times poll. Mr. Praline (Cleese) enters the pet shop to register a complaint\",\n \"psg_id\": \"257947\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"That Feeling, You Can Only Say What It Is in French\",\n \"text\": \"That Feeling, You Can Only Say What It Is in French \\\"That Feeling, You Can Only Say What It Is in French” is a horror short story by American writer Stephen King. It was originally published in the June 22, 1998 issue of \\\"The New Yorker\\\" magazine. In 2002, it was collected in King's collection \\\"Everything's Eventual\\\". It focuses on a married woman in a car ride on vacation constantly repeating the same events over and over, each event ending with the same gruesome outcome. As the story progresses, a woman (Carol) begins to have deja vu' of the same\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7952437\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Woman with a Parrot\",\n \"text\": \"Woman with a Parrot La Femme au perroquet (\\\"Woman with a Parrot\\\") is an oil painting on canvas by French artist Gustave Courbet. It was the first nude (art) by the artist to be accepted by the Paris Salon in 1866 after a previous entry in 1864 was rejected as indecent. It is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York city. The painting shows a woman reclining on her back, with a pet parrot alighting on an outstretched hand. While painted in a style to gain Academy acceptance in its pose and smooth flesh tones,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16931326\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Look What I Did\",\n \"text\": \"I Were You I Wouldn't<nowiki>\\\"</nowiki> in January 2016 on their YouTube account, followed by \\\"Fireball\\\" in June 2016, their first songs released since 'Zanzibar III : Analog Prison'. The band was named after friend's child said the phrase 'Mommy, look what I did', about a drawing to her mother when Barry was talking to her over the phone discussing what the band's name should be. Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3994152\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Say It's Over\",\n \"text\": \"Say It's Over \\\"Say It's Over\\\" is the third single from N-Dubz's second studio album \\\"Against All Odds\\\", released on 25 April 2010. The lyrics grapple with the difficulties of ending a relationship. It reached #20 in the UK Singles Chart. The music video was released on 11 March 2010. The video was set on a spaceship with a futuristic setting. The beginning scenes show the N-Dubz logo in front of a black background then it shows a spaceship flying in space. The camera zooms into one of the windows on the spaceship where a man dressed in white goes\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14241346\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Incredible (What I Meant to Say)\",\n \"text\": \"Incredible (What I Meant to Say) \\\"Incredible (What I Meant to Say)\\\" is Darius Danesh's third single from his debut album Dive In. \\\"Incredible\\\" was released on 3 March 2003 and peaked at number 9 on the UK Singles Chart, making it his third consecutive top 10 hit. The video was shot over two days at the \\\"Estacion De Francia\\\" train station in Barcelona, Spain. After an argument with his girlfriend, played by model Kate Groombridge, he tries to find her to apologise, but the train he thinks she is on leaves before he can say sorry. He then exits\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10928653\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Game over\",\n \"text\": \"used the slogan \\\"Game over\\\" on banners to express their anti-government sentiments. \\\"Game over\\\" is also sometimes used as a phrase to concede defeat, as for example in the movie \\\"Aliens\\\" where one of the protagonists, Private William Hudson (Bill Paxton), shouts, \\\"Game over, man. Game over!\\\" after the dropship meant to rescue him and his expedition is destroyed. Paxton's use of the phrase was included in shortened form in the SNES game adaptation of \\\"Alien 3\\\", although the Hudson character did not appear in the film. Rights issues prevented the actual audio from \\\"Aliens\\\" being used and the sample\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4092959\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The World We Knew (Over and Over)\",\n \"text\": \"top that chart. Charles Aznavour adapted the song to French for Paul Mauriat and Mireille Mathieu called \\\"Un monde avec toi\\\". Fred Bongusto adapted the song to Italian called \\\"Ore D'Amore\\\" The World We Knew (Over and Over) \\\"The World We Knew (Over and Over)\\\" is a popular song recorded by Frank Sinatra in 1967. It is based on a composition by Bert Kaempfert, a German musician and composer. The song first appeared on Sinatra's 1967 album \\\"The World We Knew\\\" and was released as a single later that year. \\\"The World We Knew (Over and Over)\\\" peaked at number\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12574478\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy\",\n \"text\": \"What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy is a book by James Paul Gee that focuses on the learning principles in video games and how these principles can be applied to the K-12 classroom. Video games can be used as tools to challenge players, when they are successful. They motivate players to persevere and simultaneously teach players how to play the game. These games give a glimpse into how one might create new and more powerful ways to learn in schools, communities, and workplaces. Gee\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17953199\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cezanne (horse)\",\n \"text\": \"Opera House. On his racecourse debut, Cezanne finished fourth in a maiden race over ten furlongs at Windsor Racecourse on 11 May. Fifteen days later, in a similar event at Sandown Park he recorded his first success, winning by half a length from Scrutineer. In his two subsequent races that season he finished second in a minor race at Leicester in June and then ran unplaced in a handicap race at York in August. Cezanne began his second season finishing ninth in a handicap at Newbury in May and was then off the course until the autumn. In September he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20337217\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Incredible (What I Meant to Say)\",\n \"text\": \"the train station down-hearted, just missing his girlfriend, who returns to find him. Incredible (What I Meant to Say) \\\"Incredible (What I Meant to Say)\\\" is Darius Danesh's third single from his debut album Dive In. \\\"Incredible\\\" was released on 3 March 2003 and peaked at number 9 on the UK Singles Chart, making it his third consecutive top 10 hit. The video was shot over two days at the \\\"Estacion De Francia\\\" train station in Barcelona, Spain. After an argument with his girlfriend, played by model Kate Groombridge, he tries to find her to apologise, but the train he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10928654\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What I Meant to Say\",\n \"text\": \"What I Meant to Say \\\"What I Meant to Say\\\" is a song written by Sam Hogin, Jim McBride and Don Cook, and recorded by American country music artist Wade Hayes. It was released in October 1995 as the fourth and final single from Hayes' debut album \\\"Old Enough to Know Better\\\". The song reached #5 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs chart and #15 on the Canadian \\\"RPM\\\" country singles chart. It even charted on the Billboard Hot 200, peaking at #116. The narrator realizes that he hurt his lover when he said he could walk out on her\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13801607\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Over and Over and Over\",\n \"text\": \"and tambourine on the track. It featured contributions from several session musicians. Louis Cato and Daru Jones played drums while Bobby Allende provided percussion, Charlotte Kemp Muhl played bass, and Neal Evans and DJ Harrison performed on synthesizers. White wrote, produced, and mixed the song, while Joshua V. Smith did the engineering with Ben Schmitz and Grant Valentine providing engineering assistance. \\\"Over and Over and Over\\\" was released as a digital single on March 1, 2018. The release was accompanied by an animated visualizer video on YouTube. After its release, the song was made available for free as an instant\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20531971\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Imani Cezanne\",\n \"text\": \"Imani Cezanne Imani Cezanne is an American activist and spoken word poet. She is the founding president of President of S.P.E.A.K. (Spoken Poetry Expressed by All Kinds). Cezanne has been on multiple National Poetry Slam teams including: Da Poetry Lounge, San Diego Slam Team, Oakland Slam Team, Elevated!, Golden State Slam, Berkeley Poetry Slam, and Busboys and Poets Beltway. She was on the 2018 Root Slam team for the 2018 National Poetry Slam. \\\"Heels\\\" was originally filmed by All Def Poetry during her performance of the piece at the Da Poetry Lounge. Later, Cezanne performed the piece again at the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20853977\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cezanne (horse)\",\n \"text\": \"June and fourth in the September Stakes at Kempton in September. Cezanne was retired from racing and the end of the 1996 season and became a breeding stallion in Ireland. Standing at the Coolagown Stud in County Cork he proved to be infertile and produced no recorded foals. He was gelded in September 1998. In the late autumn of 1998 Cezanne joined the stable of Michael Roberts in Sussex and embarked on a new career as a National Hunt horse. After being beaten in his first two starts over obstacles he won a Novice hurdle race at Huntingdon Racecourse on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20337224\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cezanne Khan\",\n \"text\": \"Cezanne Khan Cézanne Khan is an Indian television actor. He became famous playing the lead role of \\\"Anurag Basu\\\" in Ekta Kapoor's Balaji Telefilms, \\\"Kasautii Zindagii Kay\\\", that aired on Star Plus. He has played various, critically acclaimed roles on Pakistani television too. Khan was born into a Muslim family in Mumbai, Maharashtra. His father is Ustad Rais Khan, a famous sitarist in Pakistan. His mother, Tasnim Khan, is an interior designer, whose family also resides in Karachi, Pakistan. His brother, Suhail Khan, is a singer, composer and a sitar player. He was named after the famous French painter Paul\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8073968\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cezanne (horse)\",\n \"text\": \"and won by two lengths from Vincenzo. Mick Kinane took over from Hind when Cezanne was stepped up in class for the Group 1 Irish Champion Stakes over ten furlongs at Leopardstown Racecourse on 10 September. He was made the 7/2 third choice in the betting behind the joint-favourites Muhtarram and Del Deya (Pretty Polly Stakes) whilst the other five runners were Grand Lodge, Environment Friend, Scribe (Gordon Richards Stakes), Garden of Heaven (Prix du Conseil de Paris) and Perfect Imposter (Tattersalls Gold Cup). Cezanne raced close behind the leaders and moved into second place behind Del Deya half a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20337221\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"French impressionist cinema\",\n \"text\": \"French impressionist cinema French impressionist cinema (first avant-garde or narrative avant-garde) refers to a group of French films and filmmakers of the 1920s. Film scholars have had much difficulty in defining this movement or for that matter deciding whether it should be considered a movement at all. David Bordwell has attempted to define a unified stylistic paradigm and set of tenets. Others, namely Richard Abel, criticize these attempts and group the films and filmmakers more loosely, based on a common goal of \\\"exploration of the process of representation and signification in narrative film discourse.\\\" Still others such as Dudley Andrew\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9463379\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy\",\n \"text\": \"the player's life). Katie Salen promotes games as a learning tool for the 21st century. She helped design and launch Quest to Learn where learning takes place by playing and exploring games. The curriculum is organized around the idea that \\\"digital games are central to the lives of today's children and also increasingly, as their speed and capabilities grow, powerful tools for intellectual exploration.\\\" What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy is a book by James Paul Gee that focuses on the learning principles in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17953208\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"French impressionist cinema\",\n \"text\": \"Ian. \\\"European Film Theory and Criticism: A Critical Introduction\\\". Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press: 2001. p. 82. 6. Abel p. 292-294 7. Bordwell p. 133 8. Aitken p. 82 French impressionist cinema French impressionist cinema (first avant-garde or narrative avant-garde) refers to a group of French films and filmmakers of the 1920s. Film scholars have had much difficulty in defining this movement or for that matter deciding whether it should be considered a movement at all. David Bordwell has attempted to define a unified stylistic paradigm and set of tenets. Others, namely Richard Abel, criticize these attempts and group the films\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9463388\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Do It All Over Again\",\n \"text\": \"could be his incessant over-eagerness to present himself as the perfect pop package. Between its clichéd lyrics (\\\"Let's go to a place we've never been before/ I wanna see it all\\\"), the slick but dated electro whirring production and toe-curling music video that charts his rise from bedroom singer to selfie-obsessed popstar, 'Do It All Over Again' is the last thing we want to do at the start of 2014.\\\" The song has peaked at number 5 on the UK Singles Chart and number 83 on the Irish Singles Chart. Do It All Over Again \\\"Do It All Over Again\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17806202\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Over and Over and Over\",\n \"text\": \"Studios in New York City for a Spotify Singles release, which was released on April 25 with a cover of the Modern Lovers song Pablo Picasso as the B-side. Over and Over and Over \\\"Over and Over and Over\\\" is a song by American musician Jack White. It was released as the second single from his third solo studio album, \\\"Boarding House Reach\\\" (2018), on March 1, 2018. In the US, the song peaked at number 20 on the Alternative Songs chart and number 33 on the Hot Rock Songs chart. \\\"Over and Over and Over\\\" was conceived by White\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20531973\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Over and Over and Over\",\n \"text\": \"Over and Over and Over \\\"Over and Over and Over\\\" is a song by American musician Jack White. It was released as the second single from his third solo studio album, \\\"Boarding House Reach\\\" (2018), on March 1, 2018. In the US, the song peaked at number 20 on the Alternative Songs chart and number 33 on the Hot Rock Songs chart. \\\"Over and Over and Over\\\" was conceived by White around 2005 when he was still in the White Stripes. He considered recording it for the band but shelved the idea instead. He would later consider recording with one\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20531969\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Never Say Never Again\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\\\", Connery revealed he did not know his wrist was broken until over a decade later. Many of the elements of the Eon-produced Bond films were not present in \\\"Never Say Never Again\\\" for legal reasons. These included the gun barrel sequence, where a screen full of 007 symbols appeared instead, and similarly there was no \\\"James Bond Theme\\\" to use, although no effort was made to supply another tune. A pre-credits sequence was filmed but not used; instead the film opens with the credits run over the top of the opening sequence of Bond\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2703581\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Starting Over Again (Natalie Cole song)\",\n \"text\": \"album \\\"Good to Be Back\\\", the first of which: \\\"Miss You Like Crazy\\\" (#7 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100/ #1 R&B) having been - like \\\"Starting Over Again\\\" - a Michael Masser production and co-write, \\\"Miss You Like Crazy\\\" being Cole's second major hit produced by Masser and written by Masser and Gerry Goffin, the first being \\\"Someone That I Used to Love (#21 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100/ #21 R&B) (1980). \\\"Starting Over Again\\\" did not afford Cole a Hot 100 or R&B hit but did chart on \\\"Billboard\\\" magazine's Adult Contemporary chart at number five, also reaching 12\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20617835\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stars over Texas\",\n \"text\": \"Stars over Texas \\\"Stars over Texas\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Tracy Lawrence. It was released in July 1996 as the third single from his album \\\"Time Marches On\\\". The song peaked at number 2 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs chart and peaked at number 42 on the Canadian \\\"RPM\\\" Country Tracks chart. The CD single included 30-second excerpts of \\\"From What We Give\\\", \\\"Speed of a Fool\\\" and \\\"Somewhere Between the Moon and You\\\", all from \\\"Time Marches On\\\". Lawrence wrote the song with Larry Boone and Paul Nelson. The song\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13303406\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Say It Again (Precious song)\",\n \"text\": \"as permission to include it had not been obtained. The song was succeeded as UK entry at the 2000 contest by Nicki French with \\\"Don't Play That Song Again\\\". Say It Again (Precious song) \\\"Say It Again\\\" was the United Kingdom entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 1999, written by Paul Varney and performed by girl band Precious. It was produced by Cutfather & Joe, and included on the band's self-titled debut album (2000). The song was performed 5th on the night of the contest, following Croatia's Doris Dragović with \\\"Marija Magdalena\\\" and preceding Slovenia's Darja Švajger with \\\"For A\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12610209\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What I'd Say\",\n \"text\": \"What I'd Say \\\"What I'd Say\\\" is a song written by Robert Byrne and Will Robinson, and recorded by American country music artist Earl Thomas Conley. It was released in October 1988 as the third single from his album, \\\"The Heart of It All\\\". \\\"What I'd Say\\\" was Earl Thomas Conley's seventeenth number one country single. The single went to number one on the U.S. and Canadian country chart's and spent a total of fourteen weeks on the U.S. country chart. The song talks of a man holding imaginary conversations with the woman who'd left him, rehearsing what he might\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14198872\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bridge over Troubled Water (Paul Desmond album)\",\n \"text\": \"Garfunkel. Bridge over Troubled Water (Paul Desmond album) Bridge over Troubled Water is a 1970 studio album by Paul Desmond. It consists of songs recorded by Simon & Garfunkel and arranged by Don Sebesky. Richard S. Ginell of AllMusic said that \\\"Against the odds as determined by bopsters, Desmond finds something beautiful, wistful, and/or sly to say in each of these ten tunes, backed by Herbie Hancock's Rhodes electric piano and a set of ravishing, occasionally overstated (as in \\\"America\\\") orchestrations by Don Sebesky\\\". All songs written by Paul Simon, except \\\"Scarborough Fair/Canticle\\\", a traditional ballad, arranged by Simon and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15973841\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bridge over Troubled Water (Paul Desmond album)\",\n \"text\": \"Bridge over Troubled Water (Paul Desmond album) Bridge over Troubled Water is a 1970 studio album by Paul Desmond. It consists of songs recorded by Simon & Garfunkel and arranged by Don Sebesky. Richard S. Ginell of AllMusic said that \\\"Against the odds as determined by bopsters, Desmond finds something beautiful, wistful, and/or sly to say in each of these ten tunes, backed by Herbie Hancock's Rhodes electric piano and a set of ravishing, occasionally overstated (as in \\\"America\\\") orchestrations by Don Sebesky\\\". All songs written by Paul Simon, except \\\"Scarborough Fair/Canticle\\\", a traditional ballad, arranged by Simon and Art\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15973840\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Starting over Again\",\n \"text\": \"Starting over Again Starting over Again is a documentary directed by Ruggero Gabbai and produced by Elliot Malki. The film is about the exodus of the Jews of Egypt between 1948 and 1956. Filming took place in Paris, London, Milan, New York City, Washington, Tel Aviv, and Jerusalem, starting in 2014. The documentary has been officially selected at the Jerusalem Film Festival of 2015. The documentary is about the story of the Egyptian Jews between 1948 and 1956. The story is told by 20 witnesses who narrate their own experience. The film covers personal emotional memories, through interviews, historical events\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19083419\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Do It All Over Again\",\n \"text\": \"Do It All Over Again \\\"Do It All Over Again\\\" is the debut single by British pop singer Elyar Fox. The song was released in the United Kingdom as a digital download on 10 January 2014 as the lead single from his debut studio album. A music video to accompany the release of \\\"Do It All Over Again\\\" was first released onto YouTube on 10 December 2013 at a total length of three minutes and thirty-three seconds. The video shows Elyar performing the track in a massive aircraft hangar, while fans upload videos of themselves to YouTube dancing to the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17806198\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cezanne (horse)\",\n \"text\": \"12 May 1999. He continued to compete in hurdle races for the next three seasons but never won again and ended his career by finishing unplaced in a handicap hurdle at Wincanton in November 2001. Cezanne (horse) Cezanne (26 April 1989 – after 2001) was a British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse. Unraced as a two-year-old he showed modest form in 1992 and 1993, winning two minor races in England. After being transferred to race in Dubai he emerged as a top-class middle-distance performer as a five-year-old, taking the second and third rounds of the Al Maktoum Challenge before returning to Europe to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20337225\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Happenin' All Over Again\",\n \"text\": \"It was produced by George Papapetros and Max Kourilov, and released as the second single from the album on 11 November 2006. The song peaked at number nine on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), for shipments of 35,000 copies. The music video for \\\"Happenin' All Over Again\\\" features the Young Divas singing and dancing in front of a white backdrop. Source Happenin' All Over Again \\\"Happenin' All over Again\\\" is a song written and produced by Stock Aitken & Waterman for Lonnie Gordon's first album \\\"If I Have to Stand\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9035382\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What I'd Say\",\n \"text\": \"the week of November 12, 1988. What I'd Say \\\"What I'd Say\\\" is a song written by Robert Byrne and Will Robinson, and recorded by American country music artist Earl Thomas Conley. It was released in October 1988 as the third single from his album, \\\"The Heart of It All\\\". \\\"What I'd Say\\\" was Earl Thomas Conley's seventeenth number one country single. The single went to number one on the U.S. and Canadian country chart's and spent a total of fourteen weeks on the U.S. country chart. The song talks of a man holding imaginary conversations with the woman who'd\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14198874\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Parrot\",\n \"text\": \"reported, and record ages of over 100. Small parrots, such as lovebirds, hanging parrots, and budgies, have shorter lifespans up to 15–20 years. Some parrot species can be quite loud, and many of the larger parrots can be destructive and require a very large cage, and a regular supply of new toys, branches, or other items to chew up. The intelligence of parrots means they are quick to learn tricks and other behaviours—both good and bad—that get them what they want, such as attention or treats. The popularity, longevity, and intelligence of many of the larger kinds of pet parrots\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12899979\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Starting Over Again (album)\",\n \"text\": \"Star Records managing director Anabelle Regalado's Sana Nandito Ka, and Sheryn's very own composition with her husband entitled My Heart Beats for You. Starting Over Again (album) Starting Over Again is Sheryn Regis' fourth studio album under Star Records, released on June 2008. The album contains seven revivals and three originals. The covers in the album include the carrier single, entitled Starting Over Again, which was based on the Natalie Cole version, If I'm Not in Love by Faith Hill, Where Do Broken Hearts Go by Whitney Houston, Always by Bon Jovi, Save the Best for Last by Vanessa L.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12059319\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Starting Over Again (album)\",\n \"text\": \"Starting Over Again (album) Starting Over Again is Sheryn Regis' fourth studio album under Star Records, released on June 2008. The album contains seven revivals and three originals. The covers in the album include the carrier single, entitled Starting Over Again, which was based on the Natalie Cole version, If I'm Not in Love by Faith Hill, Where Do Broken Hearts Go by Whitney Houston, Always by Bon Jovi, Save the Best for Last by Vanessa L. Williams, For Your Eyes Only by Sheena Easton, and It Must Have Been Love by Roxette. The originals include Vehnee Saturno's Patunayan Mo,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12059318\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Never Say Never Again\",\n \"text\": \"score of 5 out of 10, claiming that the film \\\"is more miss than hit\\\". The review also thought that the film was \\\"marred with too many clunky exposition scenes and not enough moments of Bond being Bond\\\". In 1995 Michael Sauter of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" rated \\\"Never Say Never Again\\\" as the ninth best Bond film to that point, after 17 films had been released. Sauter thought the film \\\"is successful only as a portrait of an over-the-hill superhero.\\\" He did admit, however, that \\\"even past his prime, Connery proves that nobody does it better\\\". James Berardinelli, in his review\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2703595\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What I Did Right\",\n \"text\": \"daughter. All three examples are connected by a chorus stating \\\"\\\"I'll take this one day and figure out what I did right / And I'll do it the same way for the rest of my life.\\\"\\\" Deborah Evans Price of \\\"Billboard\\\" reviewed the song favorably, saying that \\\"Like 'I Hope You Dance'…the song will touch a universal chord with everyone who has experienced a moment so perfect they wish they could capture it and live it over again.\\\" What I Did Right \\\"What I Did Right\\\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18787754\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rock and Roll Over\",\n \"text\": \"not equal the success of \\\"Beth\\\", it did become another top 20 single for Kiss. \\\"Calling Dr. Love\\\" became a concert staple, being played on just about every tour since the album's release. The cover artwork was created by artist Michael Doret, who worked with Kiss again on their 2009 album \\\"Sonic Boom\\\". This is the first Kiss album to not feature a writing credit from Ace Frehley. \\\"Rock and Roll Over\\\" was released by Casablanca Records on November 11, 1976. Included inside the album sleeve were a sticker of the album cover and a glossy photo press release pamphlet.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5508921\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What My Heart Wants to Say\",\n \"text\": \"at number one. The single went double-platinum, and was voted 2002's The Record of the Year by viewers of ITV. The track was followed by another number-one single, \\\"Anyone of Us (Stupid Mistake)\\\". His third single, a double A-side \\\"Suspicious Minds\\\" and \\\"The Long and Winding Road\\\", a duet with Young, also reached number one. His fourth single, the album's title track, \\\"What My Heart Wants to Say\\\", reached number five. The album achieved first week sales of over 100,000 copies, peaking at number two on the UK Albums Chart, and eventually earning double platinum status. What My Heart Wants\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9281887\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog\",\n \"text\": \"letters of the alphabet\\\". Robert Baden-Powell's book \\\"Scouting for Boys\\\" (1908) uses the phrase as a practice sentence for signaling. The first message sent on the Moscow–Washington hotline on August 30, 1963, was the test phrase \\\"THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPED OVER THE LAZY DOG'S BACK 1234567890\\\". Later, during testing, the Russian translators sent a message asking their American counterparts, \\\"What does it mean when your people say 'The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog?'\\\" During the 20th century, technicians tested typewriters and teleprinters by typing the sentence. In the age of computers, this pangram is commonly used\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13370314\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blue-naped parrot\",\n \"text\": \"have has made this species scarce on most islands except Mindoro and Palawan. The Katala Foundation has raised concerns over the increasing illegal trade of this bird on Palawan. Blue-naped parrot The blue-naped parrot (\\\"Tanygnathus lucionensis\\\"), also known as the blue-crowned green parrot, Luzon parrot, the Philippine green parrot, and locally known as pikoy, is a parrot found throughout the Philippines. In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the blue-naped parrot in his \\\"Ornithologie\\\" based on a specimen collected on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. He used the French name \\\"Le perroquet de\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10093282\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Look Back Again/Over the Distance\",\n \"text\": \"helping a recently deceased young man deliver a final message to his lover. Look Back Again/Over the Distance \\\"Look Back Again\\\"/\\\"Over the Distance\\\" is a song by Hitomi Yaida, released as a double A-side single. It was the second single taken from the album \\\"Candlize\\\". \\\"Look Back Again\\\" reached 5th place in the charts with \\\"Over the Distance\\\" not performing as well and reaching 13th position. \\\"Over the Distance\\\" was featured in the Nintendo DS Rhythm game \\\"Osu! Tatakae! Ouendan\\\", as one of the most subdued songs in the game due to its use of soft bells and chimes replacing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9066875\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What I Really Meant to Say\",\n \"text\": \"What I Really Meant to Say \\\"What I Really Meant to Say\\\" is a debut song written by Cyndi Thomson, Tommy Lee James and Chris Waters. It was released in March 2001 as Thomson's debut single, as well as the lead-off single from her debut album \\\"My World\\\". The song reached the top of the Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart, giving Thomson her only Number One single on that chart. It also made her the third country music artist that year to reach Number One with a debut single. The song is a mid-tempo mostly\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12792533\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"It Ain't Over (Paul Carrack album)\",\n \"text\": \"It Ain't Over (Paul Carrack album) It Ain't Over is the ninth solo studio album by the English singer-songwriter Paul Carrack, then a member of the supergroup Mike + The Mechanics. It was originally released in 2003 on Carrack's own Carrack-UK label. Several different versions of the album exist. In addition to the standard 11-track issue, a \\\"Special Edition\\\" featuring four additional live recordings was released. As well, the European issue of \\\"It Ain't Over\\\" contains the standard 11 studio tracks plus two additional live tracks that did not appear on the \\\"Special Edition\\\", for a total of 13 tracks.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20638853\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Murrow Turning Over in His Grave\",\n \"text\": \"be truthful.\\\" Murrow Turning Over in His Grave \\\"Murrow Turning Over in His Grave\\\" is the second track on Fleetwood Mac's 2003 album \\\"Say You Will\\\". It was written and sung by Lindsey Buckingham. although its chorus is based heavily on that of the traditional American song Black Betty. The song features Buckingham singing the two verses in a falsetto with the chorus being composed of many overdubbed vocals. Considerable studio production manipulation is used to give the song a synthetic and technological mood. The song's closing section features a distorted guitar solo of over 90 seconds while three separate\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13219738\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Murrow Turning Over in His Grave\",\n \"text\": \"Murrow Turning Over in His Grave \\\"Murrow Turning Over in His Grave\\\" is the second track on Fleetwood Mac's 2003 album \\\"Say You Will\\\". It was written and sung by Lindsey Buckingham. although its chorus is based heavily on that of the traditional American song Black Betty. The song features Buckingham singing the two verses in a falsetto with the chorus being composed of many overdubbed vocals. Considerable studio production manipulation is used to give the song a synthetic and technological mood. The song's closing section features a distorted guitar solo of over 90 seconds while three separate guitars accompany.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13219736\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What I Meant to Say\",\n \"text\": \"bar. As he gets up and goes outside everything and everybody starts going backwards as he walks back to his house. When he gets there, his lover is waiting there, crying after their fight. When he hugs her, time goes back to normal and they go inside. \\\"What I Meant to Say\\\" debuted at number sixty-nine on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of October 28, 1995. What I Meant to Say \\\"What I Meant to Say\\\" is a song written by Sam Hogin, Jim McBride and Don Cook, and recorded by American country music\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13801609\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Moon Over Buffalo\",\n \"text\": \"and happy. Now that Roz is single, Paul takes the opportunity to propose to her, and they get engaged again on the spot. Charlotte forgives — or at least forgets — George's infidelity and decides to stay with him instead of Richard. Finally, in a \\\"deus ex machina\\\"-like plot twist, Capra himself calls to say that he missed the afternoon performance and will instead see the show in the evening, thus allowing George and Charlotte another chance at Hollywood stardom. Directed by Tom Moore, \\\"Moon Over Buffalo\\\" opened on Broadway at the Martin Beck Theatre on October 1, 1995, where\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6431132\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Theodore Wassmer\",\n \"text\": \"in December 1945. The couple had known each other since the 1930s. Judy was also an artist. Wassmer studied for four years at the Art Students' League. He was taught there by Yasuo Kuniyoshi, and later by Raphael Soyer. Wassmer studied Impressionist paintings and works of Paul Cezanne. He often copied works from the old masters from the Metropolitan Museum of Art as well. He opened a portrait studio in Carnegie Hall, but found that he did not enjoy painting portraits. In 1952, he and his wife moved to Woodstock, New York where they lived for 33 years. They painted\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19563488\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Imani Cezanne\",\n \"text\": \"Ill List Slam Poetry Invitational in December 2014, and Button Poetry later posted a video of her performing the same piece on their platform. Cezanne performed \\\"Protest\\\" at the 2015 National Poetry Slam. Cezanne performed \\\"Angry Black Woman\\\" at the Da Poetry Lounge in 2015. Originally performed at the 2014 Women of the World Poetry Slam in Austin, Texas. It was filmed by Button Poetry and uploaded to YouTube. Cezanne was born and raised in San Diego, CA. Imani Cezanne Imani Cezanne is an American activist and spoken word poet. She is the founding president of President of S.P.E.A.K. (Spoken\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20853978\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Happenin' All Over Again\",\n \"text\": \"Happenin' All Over Again \\\"Happenin' All over Again\\\" is a song written and produced by Stock Aitken & Waterman for Lonnie Gordon's first album \\\"If I Have to Stand Alone\\\" (1991). It was released as the album's second single in January 1990 and reached #4 on the main UK singles chart. The song mixed Stock Aitken & Waterman's Europop sound with the blooming Italo house music which was becoming big in the UK charts at the time. This 1990 version was never released in the USA. The song had been originally written for Donna Summer, but due to a falling-out\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9035380\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Starting Over Again (film)\",\n \"text\": \"in the United States after being screened in 52 cinemas and theaters, according to Los Angeles-based Hollywood news site, \\\"moviecitynews.com\\\". Starting Over Again (film) Starting Over Again is a Filipino romantic comedy film directed by Olivia M. Lamasan, starring Piolo Pascual and Toni Gonzaga. It was produced and distributed by Star Cinema as part of its 20th anniversary. It officially premiered in the Philippines on February 12, 2014. The film was an instant box-office success earning 25 million pesos on its opening day. On March 15, 2014, a month after its theatrical release, the film earned a total domestic gross\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17878792\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Over and Over (Erin Bode album)\",\n \"text\": \"Over and Over (Erin Bode album) Over and Over is the second studio album released by jazz singer Erin Bode. It was recorded over three days in mid-May 2005 and released on January 31, 2006 by the label Maxjazz. This album, more than her first, sees Bode being compared to jazz vocalist Norah Jones. This is the first album that contains songs almost exclusively penned by Bode and her collaborator, pianist Adam Maness. The three exceptions are two pop covers (Paul Simon's \\\"Graceland,\\\" Simply Red's \\\"Holding Back the Years\\\") and a jazz standard (\\\"Alone Together\\\"). Reviews of the album, mainly\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9756540\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Starting Over Again (film)\",\n \"text\": \"Martinez-Belen of the \\\"Manila Bulletin\\\", it was stated that Malou Santos personally chose Gonzaga to portray the lead role. Filipina singer Lani Misalucha covered the Natalie Cole song, \\\"Starting Over Again\\\" as the movie's theme song. The official trailer was released on YouTube on January 18, 2014 and became viral. The \\\"Starting Over Again\\\" red carpet premiere in the Philippines was attended by its principal cast members at the SM Megamall on February 10, 2014. The film was then commercially screened on February 12, 2014. The film also had a North American premiere held at the Fox Theatre in Redwood\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17878785\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Starting Over Again (Natalie Cole song)\",\n \"text\": \"Starting Over Again (Natalie Cole song) \\\"Starting Over Again\\\" is the title of a romantic ballad composed by Michael Masser and lyricist Gerry Goffin first recorded by Dionne Warwick in 1981 as \\\"Now We're Starting Over Again\\\": the song was most successful as a 1990 single release by Natalie Cole. \\\"Now We're Starting Over Again\\\" was one of five studio recordings by Dionne Warwick to augment the concert tracks on her 1981 album \\\"Hot! Live and Otherwise\\\": three of these studio tracks were produced and co-written by Michael Masser being - besides \\\"Now We're Starting Over Again\\\" - \\\"There's a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20617833\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fort Kyk-Over-Al\",\n \"text\": \"command were able to defend the settlement after killing many of the invaders. In December 1712, Pomeroon was attacked again by a combined force of French and Spanish buccaneers, but Blake and his men were able to drive them away. Fort Kyk-Over-Al Fort Kyk-Over-Al was a Dutch fort in the colony of Essequibo, in what is now Guyana. It was constructed in 1616 at the intersection of the Essequibo, Cuyuni and Mazaruni rivers. It once served as the centre for the Dutch administration of the county, but now only ruins are left. The name Kyk-Over-Al derives from the Dutch for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6606290\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mark Elliot (voice-over artist)\",\n \"text\": \"Mark Elliot (voice-over artist) John Harrison Frick Jr., known professionally as Mark Elliot (born September 24, 1939) is an American voice-over artist best known as the primary voice for Disney productions from 1983 to 2008. He also provided voice-overs for trailers of non-Disney films, logos, feature presentation bumpers and commercials. He was also the voice of CBS and FOX throughout the 1980s and 1990s, and various theatrical trailers for such non-Disney animated movies. In addition to his behind-the-scenes work, Elliott starred with four other notable voice artists in the 1997 short film \\\"5 Men and a Limo\\\". Previously, Elliot was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10834487\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Starting Over Again (film)\",\n \"text\": \"Starting Over Again (film) Starting Over Again is a Filipino romantic comedy film directed by Olivia M. Lamasan, starring Piolo Pascual and Toni Gonzaga. It was produced and distributed by Star Cinema as part of its 20th anniversary. It officially premiered in the Philippines on February 12, 2014. The film was an instant box-office success earning 25 million pesos on its opening day. On March 15, 2014, a month after its theatrical release, the film earned a total domestic gross of 410 million pesos. Development began eight months prior the release date with a working title of \\\"\\\"Unlove You.\\\"\\\" The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17878782\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Starting Over Again (Natalie Cole song)\",\n \"text\": \"on the Canadian Adult Contemporary chart. \\\"Starting Over Again\\\" was also a minor hit in the UK (#56). The B-side of the single was Cole's duet with Freddie Jackson entitled \\\"I Do\\\" which in a previous release had been a Top Ten R&B chart hit. Starting Over Again (Natalie Cole song) \\\"Starting Over Again\\\" is the title of a romantic ballad composed by Michael Masser and lyricist Gerry Goffin first recorded by Dionne Warwick in 1981 as \\\"Now We're Starting Over Again\\\": the song was most successful as a 1990 single release by Natalie Cole. \\\"Now We're Starting Over Again\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20617836\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What They Did to Princess Paragon\",\n \"text\": \"What They Did to Princess Paragon What They Did to Princess Paragon is a humor novel by Robert Rodi, which tells the story of what happens when a venerable comic book superheroine is retconned as a lesbian. Gay comic book creator Brian Parrish is hired by Bang Comics to take over \\\"Princess Paragon\\\", a superhero comic book that's been around since the 1940s, but whose sales are slumping badly by the 1990s. Parrish decides to reimagine Princess Paragon as a lesbian, a move which causes quite a bit of excitement and publicity for Bang, but also causes consternation among some\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13675534\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Listen to What the Man Said\",\n \"text\": \"The single was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for sales of over one million copies. \\\"Listen to What the Man Said\\\" was recorded in early 1975 by Wings during their New Orleans sessions for \\\"Venus and Mars\\\". It was a song which Paul McCartney had high hopes for, but early recordings did not live up to the song's potential. McCartney said in 1975 of his initial opinion of the song, \\\"It was one of the songs we’d gone in with high hopes for. Whenever I would play it on the piano, people would say ‘Oh, I\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8147830\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Do You Say to That\",\n \"text\": \"on to say that the production incorporates \\\"sweet, understated fiddle and piano that interplay nicely with Strait's eloquent vocal performance.\\\" \\\"What Do You Say to That\\\" re-entered the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart at number 67 as an official single for the week of July 31, 1999. What Do You Say to That \\\"What Do You Say to That\\\" is a song written by Jim Lauderdale and Melba Montgomery. First recorded by David Ball on his album \\\"Play\\\", it was later recorded by George Strait on his album \\\"Always Never the Same\\\". Strait's version was released in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13320935\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What My Heart Wants to Say\",\n \"text\": \"Minds\\\", and the title track, \\\"What My Heart Wants to Say\\\". In the UK, the album went on to achieve double platinum success, selling over 600,000 copies, and peaking at #2 on the UK Albums Chart. Gates secured a record deal from Simon Cowell to his label, Sony BMG, after he became the runner-up to Will Young on the first series of talent competition \\\"Pop Idol\\\" in February 2002. Gates audition, a version of the popular Westlife track \\\"Flying Without Wings\\\", secured him entry into the show. Gates' first single, a cover of \\\"Unchained Melody\\\", entered the UK Singles Chart\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9281886\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Paul R. Schumann\",\n \"text\": \"of exquisite sensibility.\\\" An American critic concluded that Schumann was \\\"doing for the Texas Gulf shores what Winslow Homer did for the Coast of Maine,\\\" arguing that if he had been painting \\\"along the New England Coast instead of the Gulf of Mexico, his marines would have been known over all the world.\\\" Paul R. Schumann Paul Richard Schumann (December 13, 1876 – April 29, 1946) was a Texas impressionist seascape painter who has been called the Gulf Coast counterpart of Winslow Homer. Paul R. Schumann was born in Reichersdorf in the German state of Saxony in 1876, one of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15809855\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Starting Over Again (Donna Summer song)\",\n \"text\": \"covered \\\"Starting Over Again\\\" in 2001. Starting Over Again (Donna Summer song) \\\"Starting Over Again\\\" is a song recorded by American entertainer Dolly Parton. The song was written by Donna Summer and her husband Bruce Sudano. Parton's recording was performed as a slow tempo ballad, gradually building to a dramatic crescendo. It was released in March 1980 as the first single from her album \\\"Dolly, Dolly, Dolly.\\\" \\\"Starting Over Again\\\" made the U.S. pop top forty, peaking at number 36, and reached number 1 on the U.S. country charts on May 24, 1980. Donna Summer also recorded it as a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7721076\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Burned-over district\",\n \"text\": \"Burned-over district The burned-over district is the western and central regions of New York in the early 19th century, where religious revivals and the formation of new religious movements of the Second Great Awakening took place. The term was coined by Charles Grandison Finney, who in his 1876 book \\\"Autobiography of Charles G. Finney\\\" referred to a \\\"burnt district\\\" to denote an area in central and western New York State during the Second Great Awakening. \\\"I found that region of country what, in the western phrase, would be called, a 'burnt district.' There had been, a few years previously, a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1694132\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hands All Over (album)\",\n \"text\": \"few more gems to the band's growing cache of incredible pop singles and overlooked deep cuts, Hands All Over makes some decent contributions to what could wind up being Maroon 5's true redemption: a damn fine greatest hits record.\\\" The \\\"Los Angeles Times\\\" review say that: \\\"\\\"Hands All Over\\\" reveals less about who frontman Adam Levine is than did Maroon 5's previous records; too often the songs cleave to opaque generalities\\\". Hugh Montgomery in \\\"The Observer\\\" wrote that 'Jaunty funk-pop and blustery arena balladry remain the order of the day, while Adam Levine's falsetto whine still proffers all the emotional\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14709468\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Say a Prayer for the Boys Over There\",\n \"text\": \"the war. Say a Prayer for the Boys Over There Say a Prayer for the Boys Over There is a song from 1918, written by James A. Nall. The song was originally performed by the Peerless Quartet and reached number on the top 100 US songs of 1918. The cover illustration features a silhouette of a soldier fighting while surrounded by exploding artillery. Considered to be a \\\"flag waving tune\\\" from World War I, \\\"Say a Prayer for the Boys Over There\\\" also saw popularity during the early stages of World War II and was meant to inspire patriotism and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18305590\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Say a Prayer for the Boys Over There\",\n \"text\": \"Say a Prayer for the Boys Over There Say a Prayer for the Boys Over There is a song from 1918, written by James A. Nall. The song was originally performed by the Peerless Quartet and reached number on the top 100 US songs of 1918. The cover illustration features a silhouette of a soldier fighting while surrounded by exploding artillery. Considered to be a \\\"flag waving tune\\\" from World War I, \\\"Say a Prayer for the Boys Over There\\\" also saw popularity during the early stages of World War II and was meant to inspire patriotism and support for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18305589\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prince Paul of Thurn and Taxis\",\n \"text\": \"Ludwig! What in the name of all the Saints has your Friedrich done to you? What did he say that no hand, no good night, no Auf Wiedersehen favoured him? How I feel I cannot say, my trembling hand may show you my inner disquiet. I did not intend to hurt you. Forgive me; be good again with me, I fear the worst - I cannot stand this. May my notes climb to you reconcilingly. Amen! Forgive your unhappy Friedrich”\\\". On 7 November 1866, Paul is released from his duties as aide-de-camp and transferred to an artillery regiment \\\"\\\"under gracious\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13952201\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I'd Love You All Over Again\",\n \"text\": \"I'd Love You All Over Again \\\"I'd Love You All Over Again is a song written and recorded by American country music singer-songwriter Alan Jackson. It was released in January 1991 as the last single from his debut album, \\\"Here in the Real World\\\", the song was Jackson's first number 1 single on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart, as well as his second number 1 on the Canadian \\\"RPM\\\" Country Tracks chart. The song is told from the point of view of a husband celebrating his 10th anniversary. He states that if he had the chance to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11634601\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Glad All Over\",\n \"text\": \"by The Rezillos on their debut album Can't Stand the Rezillos. Quiet Riot covered the song in their 1978 self-titled debut. In 1980, Olivia Pascal covered the song, as did Suzi Quatro on her \\\"Rock Hard\\\" album. Donnie Iris and the Cruisers recorded \\\"Glad All Over\\\" on their 1982 LP, \\\"The High and the Mighty\\\". Pet Shop Boys covered the song for a b-side to their 2010 single \\\"Together\\\". Though it was never recorded in the studio, Dubuque, Iowa noise rock band Grainbelt covered the song many times during their raucous live performances. Glad All Over \\\"Glad All Over\\\" is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10423512\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me\",\n \"text\": \"(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me \\\"(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me\\\" is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It is the fifth single from the singer's second solo album, \\\"Hearsay\\\" (1987). The song's distinctive backing vocals were performed by Lisa Keith. Following the successful chart performances of the \\\"Hearsay\\\" singles \\\"Fake\\\", \\\"Criticize\\\", \\\"Never Knew Love Like This\\\", and \\\"The Lovers\\\", \\\"(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me\\\" was released as the album's fifth single. The song O'Neal's eleventh top 40\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11539987\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Parrot Corporation\",\n \"text\": \"Peters' bail was revoked in January 2010 after his electronic monitor fell off his ankle after breaking into pieces. The U.S. District Judge, William M. Skretny, did not accept Peters' explanation and revoked his bail. Peters will be confined to a jail cell until his sentencing, which was set for 16 June 2010. Peters was sentenced to 108 months (9 years) in jail by Judge William M. Skretny on 27 January 2011. Peters was also ordered to pay restitution of over $11,000,000 to Chase Bank and forfeit over $23,000,000. Parrot Corporation Parrot Corporation Limited was a British floppy diskette manufacturer\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14825207\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Don't Dream It's Over\",\n \"text\": \"What I Call Love\\\" written by Neil Finn and Paul Hester. All tracks on vinyl are from the album \\\"Crowded House\\\", except the extended version of \\\"Don't Dream It's Over\\\". In 1991, Paul Young covered \\\"Don't Dream It's Over\\\" on his compilation \\\"From Time to Time – The Singles Collection\\\". Young's version featured Paul Carrack. \\\"Don't Dream It's Over\\\" was the second radio single released in promotion of the album \\\"Divine Discontent\\\" by Sixpence None the Richer. The commercial single release features the B-side \\\"Don't Pass Me By,\\\" which was recorded during the sessions for \\\"Divine Discontent\\\". Their version was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5796566\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Paul Gauguin\",\n \"text\": \"(about £32). For a comprehensive list of paintings by Gauguin, see List of paintings by Paul Gauguin. Self-portraits: Paul Gauguin Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin (, ; ; 7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903) was a French post-Impressionist artist. Unappreciated until after his death, Gauguin is now recognized for his experimental use of color and Synthetist style that were distinctly different from Impressionism. Toward the end of his life, he spent ten years in French Polynesia, and most of his paintings from this time depict people or landscapes from that region. His work was influential to the French avant-garde and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"745842\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Woman with a Parrot\",\n \"text\": \"the model's discarded clothes and disheveled hair were controversial, although less so than \\\"Le Sommeil\\\", painted the same year. Joanna Hiffernan likely posed for both paintings, as she did for others by Courbet. The work is on view in the Metropolitan Museum's Gallery 811 Woman with a Parrot La Femme au perroquet (\\\"Woman with a Parrot\\\") is an oil painting on canvas by French artist Gustave Courbet. It was the first nude (art) by the artist to be accepted by the Paris Salon in 1866 after a previous entry in 1864 was rejected as indecent. It is in the collection\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16931327\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Church of St Peter and St Paul, Over Stowey\",\n \"text\": \"a memorial to Henry Stanley, cricketer and heir to the Quantock Lodge Estate who was killed in the Boer War. The diarist William Holland was the vicar of Over Stowey from 1779 until his death in 1819. In 2000 the church was featured on the Royal Mail's First Class Christmas Stamp Church of St Peter and St Paul, Over Stowey Church Of St Peter And St Paul in Over Stowey, Somerset, England is the Anglican parish church for the ancient parish of Over Stowey, now part of the Quantock Villages Benefice in the Diocese of Bath and Wells. The tower\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17439692\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Look Back Again/Over the Distance\",\n \"text\": \"Look Back Again/Over the Distance \\\"Look Back Again\\\"/\\\"Over the Distance\\\" is a song by Hitomi Yaida, released as a double A-side single. It was the second single taken from the album \\\"Candlize\\\". \\\"Look Back Again\\\" reached 5th place in the charts with \\\"Over the Distance\\\" not performing as well and reaching 13th position. \\\"Over the Distance\\\" was featured in the Nintendo DS Rhythm game \\\"Osu! Tatakae! Ouendan\\\", as one of the most subdued songs in the game due to its use of soft bells and chimes replacing the high-pitched whistling used for most of the game's songs. The stage involves\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9066874\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\",\n \"text\": \"What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old American girl, Katy Carr, and her family who live in the fictional lakeside Ohio town of Burnet in the 1860s. Katy is a tall untidy tomboy, forever getting into scrapes but wishing to be beautiful and beloved. When a terrible accident makes her an invalid, her illness and four-year recovery gradually teach her to be as good and kind as she has always wanted. Two sequels follow Katy as she grows\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7578084\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ted Williams (voice-over artist)\",\n \"text\": \"Ted Williams (voice-over artist) Ted Williams (born September 22, 1957) is an American announcer, radio personality, voice-over artist, sportscaster, philanthropist, author, and former independent United States presidential candidate. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Williams first gained minor fame in the early 1980s, as a late-night radio disc jockey on WVKO-AM in Columbus, Ohio. After over a decade in radio, Williams was fired in 1994 for alcoholism and drug abuse, and he soon found himself homeless and living a life of crime. In January 2011, Williams received widespread media attention when an interview filmed during a period when he was homeless\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15209001\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Start All Over\",\n \"text\": \"2007 and 2008 the Best of Both Worlds Tour, as the opening number for her performances as herself. Cyrus again performed \\\"Start All Over\\\" once she embarked on the 2009 Wonder World Tour. The song was written and recorded by Canadian recording artist Fefe Dobson for her unreleased second album \\\"Sunday Love\\\". Dobson explained on an August 2009 interview with MTV News, Dobson sings background vocals, along with Anne Preven, on Cyrus' version of the song. Among other personnel are: Paul Bushnell for bass guitar, Scott Cutler and David Levita for electric guitar, Josh Freese for drums and Jeff Turzo\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11306047\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Oops!... I Did It Again (album)\",\n \"text\": \"1,319,193 copies. With its success, Spears held the record for the highest first-week sales by a female artist. This record was held for 15 years, only to be surpassed in November 2015 by the album \\\"25\\\" by Adele, which sold over 3.38 million albums in the United States in its first week. The album fell to number two in its second week, with additional sales of 612,000 copies. It held this position for fifteen consecutive weeks. By its fifth week of availability, \\\"Oops!... I Did It Again\\\" had sold over three million copies and had passed five million copies by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12878242\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Over Ashes\",\n \"text\": \"Over Ashes Over Ashes was an American Christian rock band from Columbus, Ohio that later relocated to Nashville, Tennessee. The original group included founding members of Cross Culture, and appeared at the 2007 Gospel Music Week. The name \\\"Over Ashes\\\" is a reference to Isaiah 61:3. Their début album \\\"Begin Again\\\" was said to be \\\"full of straight rock tracks, with a few worship ballads thrown in for good measure\\\". A review in \\\"The Christian Pulse\\\" said that \\\"for all the wonderful things one could say about the music they produce, it is their attitude that truly shines\\\". Being the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10572514\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["cezanne is a great painter!"],"string":"[\n \"cezanne is a great painter!\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":282,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what was the maiden name of blondie bumstead, the comic-strip wife of hapless dagwood bumstead?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Dagwood Bumstead","text":"another appearance in \"Garfield \"comic strips in August 20, 2005 to invite Jon and Garfield for his and Blondie's anniversary party. In the song \"Homemade Mummy\" alternative rapper Aesop Rock briefly refers to Dagwood. Dagwood Bumstead Dagwood Bumstead is a main character in cartoonist Chic Young's long-running comic strip \"Blondie\". He first appeared some time before 17 February 1933. He was originally heir to the Bumstead Locomotive fortune but was disowned when he married a flapper (originally known as Blondie Boopadoop) whom his family saw as below his class. He has since worked hard at J. C. Dithers & Company","psg_id":"3529376"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Dagwood Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"another appearance in \\\"Garfield \\\"comic strips in August 20, 2005 to invite Jon and Garfield for his and Blondie's anniversary party. In the song \\\"Homemade Mummy\\\" alternative rapper Aesop Rock briefly refers to Dagwood. Dagwood Bumstead Dagwood Bumstead is a main character in cartoonist Chic Young's long-running comic strip \\\"Blondie\\\". He first appeared some time before 17 February 1933. He was originally heir to the Bumstead Locomotive fortune but was disowned when he married a flapper (originally known as Blondie Boopadoop) whom his family saw as below his class. He has since worked hard at J. C. Dithers & Company\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3529376\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Dagwood Bumstead","text":"national contest. The family circle is rounded out by Daisy the dog. The origin of both Dagwood's last name and Daisy's name came from Chic Young's long-time friend Arthur Bumstead and his dog, Daisy. His favorite things in life include his wife Blondie, his kids, naps on the sofa, long baths, and food. Dagwood was famous for concocting tall, multi-layered sandwiches topped with an olive on a toothpick, and the term \"Dagwood sandwich\" has entered American English. He frequently has problems with door-to-door salesmen, rude telemarketers and store salespeople, crashing into the mailman (Mr. Beasley) as he rushes from home,","psg_id":"3529373"},{"title":"Dagwood Bumstead","text":"in comic books, Big Little Books, Whitman novels for children, and other print materials, as well as radio, film, and television. Arthur Lake played Dagwood in the \"Blondie\" film series (1938–50) and the short-lived 1957 TV series \"Blondie\", while Will Hutchins played him in a revival series (1968–69). He makes several cameo appearances in \"Garfield Gets Real\", alongside Grimmy from \"Mother Goose and Grimm\". Dagwood and his wife also made a cameo appearance in a \"Garfield\" strip originally published April 1, 1997. On a fourth wall break, Garfield refers to this as \"moving to a different comic strip\". Dagwood made","psg_id":"3529375"},{"title":"Dagwood sandwich","text":"or wooden skewer usually crowns the edible structure. \"Dagwood sandwich\" has been included in \"Webster's New World Dictionary\", and \"Dagwood\" (referring to the sandwich) has been included in the \"American Heritage Dictionary\". Dagwood sandwich A Dagwood sandwich is a tall, multi-layered sandwich made with a variety of meats, cheeses, and condiments. It was named after Dagwood Bumstead, a central character in the comic strip \"Blondie\", who is frequently illustrated making enormous sandwiches. According to \"Blondie\" scripter Dean Young, his father, Chic Young, began drawing the huge sandwiches in the comic strip during 1936. Though the exact contents of Chic Young's","psg_id":"2810249"},{"title":"Dagwood sandwich","text":"Dagwood sandwich A Dagwood sandwich is a tall, multi-layered sandwich made with a variety of meats, cheeses, and condiments. It was named after Dagwood Bumstead, a central character in the comic strip \"Blondie\", who is frequently illustrated making enormous sandwiches. According to \"Blondie\" scripter Dean Young, his father, Chic Young, began drawing the huge sandwiches in the comic strip during 1936. Though the exact contents of Chic Young's illustrated Dagwood sandwich remain obscure, it appears to contain large quantities and varieties of cold cuts, sliced cheese and vegetables separated by additional slices of bread. An olive pierced by a toothpick","psg_id":"2810248"},{"title":"Blondie (1968 TV series)","text":"O'Byrne as the hapless mailman, always getting run over by Dagwood hurrying out the door, late for work. \"Blondie\" stars Patricia Harty and Will Hutchins as Blondie and Dagwood Bumstead, a suburban couple raising a precocious daughter. Plots mixed typical sitcom tropes from home life and work life. The series is best remembered for its opening theme, which featured the comic strip characters in animated form before transforming into the actors playing the characters. Like the 1957 version, which lasted only one season, the series was not a hit, lasting a total of 13 weeks before being canceled. Ferdin and","psg_id":"12048767"},{"title":"Dagwood Bumstead","text":"getting ready before the carpool leaves without him, getting to work on time, his boss J.C. Dithers, and Cookie's many dates. He is often suspicious of her dates and keeps a close watch on them when they come to the house. Other characters in his universe include Elmo Tuttle, a pesky little neighborhood kid who wanders in and out of the Bumstead house, next-door neighbors Herb and Tootsie Woodley, Lou, the sarcastic cook in a local diner, and Mr. Dithers' domineering wife, Cora. Dagwood's birthday is July 20. Over the years, Dagwood has appeared not only in daily newspapers, but","psg_id":"3529374"},{"title":"Blondie (1968 TV series)","text":"Blondie (1968 TV series) Blondie (also known as The New Blondie) is an American sitcom that aired on CBS during the 1968–69 television season. The series is an updated version of the 1957 TV series that was based on the comic strip of the same name. The series stars Patricia Harty at the title character and Will Hutchins as her husband Dagwood Bumstead. Jim Backus played Dagwood's boss Mr. Dithers, with his real life wife Henny Backus playing Cora Dithers. The series also featured the noted child character actress Pamelyn Ferdin as the Bumstead's daughter, Cookie, and character actor Bryan","psg_id":"12048766"},{"title":"Blondie (comic strip)","text":"announced the opening of the first of his Dagwood's Sandwich Shoppes that summer in Clearwater, Florida, and the comic strip characters discussed the notion of Dagwood opening his own sandwich shop. The official Dagwood sandwich served at Dagwood's Sandwich Shoppes has the following ingredients: three slices of deli bread, hard salami, pepperoni, cappicola, mortadella, deli ham, cotto salami, cheddar, Provolone, red onion, green leaf lettuce, tomato, fresh and roasted red bell peppers, mayo, mustard, and a secret Italian olive salad oil. Blondie (comic strip) Blondie is an American comic strip created by cartoonist Chic Young. The comic strip is distributed","psg_id":"2513690"},{"title":"Blondie (comic strip)","text":"was adapted into a long-running series of 28 low-budget theatrical B-features, produced by Columbia Pictures. Beginning with \"Blondie\" in 1938, the series lasted 12 years, through \"Beware of Blondie\" (1950). The two major roles were Penny Singleton as Blondie and Arthur Lake (whose first starring role was another comic strip character, Harold Teen) as Dagwood. Faithfulness to the comic strip was a major concern of the creators of the series. Little touches were added that were iconic to the strip, like the appearance of Dagwood's famous sandwiches—and the running gag of Dagwood colliding with the mailman amid a flurry of","psg_id":"2513681"},{"title":"Blondie (comic strip)","text":"Babies (also produced by Marvel and aired on CBS), both Blondie and Dagwood make a cameo appearance. Blondie tells Dagwood that he is going to be late for work. As Dagwood rushes to the door where he knocks into the Muppet Babies who accidentally fall in their comic strip. Frank Welker who voiced Dagwood in the TV special also voiced Baby Kermit and Skeeter on Muppet Babies. Baby Kermit and Baby Piggy even parodied Blondie and Dagwood in one scene. Over the years, \"Blondie\" characters have been merchandised as dolls, coloring books, toys, salt and pepper shakers, paint sets, paper","psg_id":"2513688"},{"title":"Blondie (comic strip)","text":"were noted by their histrionic humor as well for having 12 panels, switching to the standard half-page format in 1986. While the distinctive look and running gags of \"Blondie\" have been carefully preserved through the decades, a number of details have been altered to keep up with changing times. The Bumstead kitchen, which remained essentially unchanged from the 1930s through the 1960s, has slowly acquired a more modern look (no more legs on the gas range and no more refrigerators shown with the compressor assembly on the top). Dagwood no longer wears a hat when he goes to work, nor","psg_id":"2513675"},{"title":"Blondie for Victory","text":"of a military uniform. Dagwood returns to his home, with his wife, and isn’t bothered anymore by the Housewives of America. Blondie for Victory Blondie for Victory is a 1942 American film, and the 12th entry in the Blondie series. Blondie Bumstead forms a civilian defense group, ”Housewives of America”, by persuading her housewife neighbors to join. But the forming of the group creates trouble in her own household. Blondie’s husband Dagwood isn’t happy with coming home every night finding a note, saying that his wife is at a meeting with the housewives. And her son, Baby, is left on","psg_id":"16216171"},{"title":"Horace Bumstead","text":"Asa Ware. Bumstead started his work at the school as a professor of natural science. After the sudden death of Ware in 1885, the University had a couple professors including Bumstead who acted as interim president until in 1888. Thereafter, Bumstead was named the second president of the university in 1888. After being granted this position, Bumstead began his fight for equal rights for African American education. Horace Bumstead Horace Bumstead ( September 1841- January 1919) was a Congregationalist minister and educator. He used his career to fight for African American education and became the second president of Atlanta University","psg_id":"19518438"},{"title":"Kerry Norton-Smyser","text":"actress Ellen Morgan. Around this time, Norton reached what she considered the peak of her radio career. Ron Beck, former producer of the Colgate-Palmolive shows, had entered into production with his own company. He obtained scripts of \"Blondie\", an American show based on Chic Young's comic strip of the same name, and set about producing an Australian version of them. Willie Fennell played Dagwood Bumstead, Blondie's rather put-upon husband, but competition for the title role was very keen. Norton won it from a large field of auditioning actresses. \"Blondie\" went to air in November 1951, but its run was not","psg_id":"13962417"},{"title":"Blondie Has Servant Trouble","text":"Blondie Has Servant Trouble Blondie Has Servant Trouble is a 1940 American film, the sixth of the series of 28 Blondie movies. Blondie proves to be a real nuisance to her husband Dagwood and causes domestic disturbance in the Bumstead home, when she insists on getting a maid. Dagwood is forced to take the request seriously, and asks his boss, J.C. Dithers, for a raise. As a rule, Dithers refuses the raise, but instead he offers Dagwood and his family a two-week stay at a country house, complete with servants. The house is the size of a palace, formerly owned","psg_id":"16203290"},{"title":"Blondie Goes to College","text":"Blondie Goes to College Blondie Goes to College is a 1942 Columbia comedy film directed by Frank R. Strayer. The film is a part of the \"Blondie\" series, starring Penny Singleton in the title role. This was the tenth of twenty-eight Blondie movies starring Penny Singleton and Arthur Lake. Dagwood Bumstead (Arthur Lake) is forced to receive a college diploma in order to remain a worker at the Dithers Construction Company. He goes to school with his wife Blondie (Penny Singleton), until they get the news married couples are not allowed. They decide to pretend they aren't a couple. A","psg_id":"11817065"},{"title":"Blondie on a Budget","text":"Blondie on a Budget Blondie on a Budget is a 1940 American comedy film directed by Frank R. Strayer and starring Penny Singleton, Arthur Lake and Rita Hayworth. It was the fifth entry into the long-running Blondie series of films, which ran between 1938 and 1950. Blondie Bumstead is having trouble balancing the family budget, particularly as she wants to buy a new fur coat. Her husband Dagwood also needs money for the membership fee of a fishing club he wants to join. Blondie becomes jealous when she finds Dagwood with an overfamiliar old friend, Joan Forrester, and begins to","psg_id":"17366754"},{"title":"Horace Bumstead","text":"Horace Bumstead Horace Bumstead ( September 1841- January 1919) was a Congregationalist minister and educator. He used his career to fight for African American education and became the second president of Atlanta University (1888-1907). Bumstead was one of the first white men in the United States to fight for educational rights for African Americans. As a white man, he was condemned by many for taking on this role, but African Americans rallied behind his efforts and viewed him as a spokesman. Horace Bumstead was an achieving scholar throughout his life. He began his studies at Boston Latin School, where he","psg_id":"19518435"},{"title":"Blondie for Victory","text":"Blondie for Victory Blondie for Victory is a 1942 American film, and the 12th entry in the Blondie series. Blondie Bumstead forms a civilian defense group, ”Housewives of America”, by persuading her housewife neighbors to join. But the forming of the group creates trouble in her own household. Blondie’s husband Dagwood isn’t happy with coming home every night finding a note, saying that his wife is at a meeting with the housewives. And her son, Baby, is left on his own all the time. The family dog, Daisy, roams freely around the house with no one to look after it.","psg_id":"16216165"},{"title":"Blondie Plays Cupid","text":"so happy over the new source of income that he consents to Charlie marrying his daughter after all, and the Bumsteads finish their weekend holiday at the hospital, in peace and quiet. Blondie Plays Cupid Blondie Plays Cupid is a 1940 American comedy film starring Penny Singleton and Arthur Lake and directed by Frank R. Strayer. Also in the cast is Glenn Ford. It is the seventh of the 28 \"Blondie\" films Dagwood Bumstead has been caught possessing illegal fireworks and now he tries to make up for this by taking his wife Blondie to Aunt Hannah's ranch for 4","psg_id":"15406960"},{"title":"Blondie Plays Cupid","text":"Blondie Plays Cupid Blondie Plays Cupid is a 1940 American comedy film starring Penny Singleton and Arthur Lake and directed by Frank R. Strayer. Also in the cast is Glenn Ford. It is the seventh of the 28 \"Blondie\" films Dagwood Bumstead has been caught possessing illegal fireworks and now he tries to make up for this by taking his wife Blondie to Aunt Hannah's ranch for 4 July celebrations. The ranch is a peaceful place in the country, but trouble starts already on the way over there, when the Bumsteads board the wrong train and have to hitchhike most","psg_id":"15406957"},{"title":"Arthur Lake (actor)","text":"(1930). During this early sound film era, he typically played light romantic roles, usually with a comic \"Mama's Boy\" tone to them, in films such as \"Indiscreet\" (1931), which starred Gloria Swanson. He also had a substantial part as the bellhop in the 1937 film \"Topper\". Arthur Lake is best known for portraying the \"Blondie\" comic strip character of Dagwood Bumstead in twenty-eight Blondie films produced by Columbia Pictures from 1938 to 1950. He was also the voice of Dagwood on the radio series, which ran from 1938 to 1950, earning him a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame","psg_id":"4695573"},{"title":"Charles Bumstead","text":"and was youth team coach at Millwall. Charles Bumstead died in 1974 aged 52. Charles Bumstead Charles Henry Bumstead (8 January 1922 – 6 May 1974) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper in the Football League for Millwall and Crystal Palace. He also played non-league football for Dover Town and Bedford Town. Bumstead was born in Croydon, and began his career with Millwall, making 12 appearances between 1946 and 1948. In August 1948, he signed for Crystal Palace but did not make his debut until December, in a 1–0 home defeat to Newport County, going on","psg_id":"19054905"},{"title":"Bumstead Records","text":"Manager's Forum. Bumstead Records has released records for The Trews, BOY, Yukon Blonde, Glen Stace and Two Hours Traffic. Bumstead Records Bumstead Records was originally a small record label in Edmonton, Alberta, founded by Larry Wanagas in 1979 and run primarily out of Homestead Recorders. Wanagas launched k.d. lang's career and continued for 15 years with many tours, multi-platinum sales, accolades and awards. The management arm of Bumstead Productions Ltd. has over the years represented a number of successful artists including Susan Aglukark, Big Sugar, The Blue Shadows (featuring Billy Cowsill), BOY, Erasure, Colin James, k.d. lang, Madeleine Peyroux, The","psg_id":"6170286"},{"title":"Blondie for Victory","text":"scene and takes up camp at a nearby hotel, and comes visiting Dagwood in his home. When Dithers is at the Bumstead house, a soldier from the delegation by the name of Herschel Smith comes to look for his host. Seeing the soldier and aware of Dagwood’s predicament, Dithers comes up with a plan to disband the Housewives of America once and for all. He urges Dagwood to borrow the soldier’s uniform, and go to the camp where the women’s group are staying overnight on a training mission. Dagwood is to inform Blondie that he has enlisted in the army.","psg_id":"16216167"},{"title":"Blondie (comic strip)","text":"was popularized by Helen Kane's 1928 song \"I Wanna Be Loved by You.\" On February 17, 1933, after much fanfare and build-up, Blondie and Dagwood were married. After a month-and-a-half-long hunger strike by Dagwood to get his parents' blessing, as they strongly disapproved of his marrying beneath his class, they disinherited him. Left only with a check to pay for their honeymoon, the Bumsteads were forced to become a middle-class suburban family. The marriage was a significant media event, given the comic strip's popularity. The catalog for the University of Florida's 2005 exhibition, \"75 Years of Blondie, 1930–2005,\" notes: \"Dagwood","psg_id":"2513670"},{"title":"Blondie (comic strip)","text":"a TV special focusing on newspaper comics that aired on CBS in 1980. They appeared in the beginning, singing a song to host Loni Anderson with other comic strip characters. Later on, after a short interview with Dean Young and Jim Raymond (who was drawing the strip at the time), they featured a short sequence where Blondie urges a reluctant Dagwood to get a haircut. The animation was produced by Bill Melendez Productions. An animated cartoon TV special featuring the characters was made in 1987 by Marvel Productions, (who had earlier collaborated with King Features for the animated series Defenders","psg_id":"2513686"},{"title":"Blondie (comic strip)","text":"of the Earth, starring King Feature's adventure characters) and shown on CBS, with a second special, \"Second Wedding Workout\", telecast in 1989. Blondie was voiced by Loni Anderson, Dagwood by Frank Welker. Both animated specials are available on the fourth DVD of the \"Advantage Cartoon Mega Pack\". Both of these specials were paired with other comic strip-based specials; the first special was paired with a special based on \"Cathy\"; the second one was paired with \"Hägar the Horrible\". In Video (VHS) In UK: Leisureview Video In 1989. In the episode \"Comic Caper\" (season six episode six) of Jim Henson's Muppet","psg_id":"2513687"},{"title":"Penny Singleton","text":"childhood, and actor Gene Raymond, and appeared on Broadway in Jack Benny's \"The Great Temptations\". She also toured in nightclubs and roadshows of plays and musicals. Singleton appeared as a nightclub singer in \"After the Thin Man\", and was credited at this time as Dorothy McNulty. She was cast opposite Arthur Lake (as Dagwood) in the feature film \"Blondie\" in 1938, based on the comic strip by Chic Young. They repeated their roles on a radio comedy beginning in 1939 and in guest appearances on other radio shows. As Dagwood and Blondie Bumstead, they proved so popular that a succession","psg_id":"2304518"},{"title":"Henry A. Bumstead","text":"campaign in the North Atlantic: In 1920 Bumstead was elected Chairman of the National Research Council. He was a member of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1896 Bumstead married Luetta Ullrich, daughter of John Ullrich, a banker of Decatur, Illinois. The couple had two children, John Henry (born 1897) and Eleanor (born 1902). John Henry became a medical doctor in 1923, after study at Johns Hopkins University. He later joined Yale Medical School. Eleanor married William E. Stevenson, a President of Oberlin College (1946–59). Henry A. Bumstead Henry Andrews Bumstead (March 12, 1870 – December 31, 1920)","psg_id":"12385690"},{"title":"Albert H. Bumstead","text":"Admiral Richard Byrd and by the Navy aviators in the Arctic expedition led by Donald MacMillan. In addition, he developed a method for making marble bas-reliefs from photographs using a dual vision device, a prime with two reflecting surfaces. Albert died on January 9, 1940. Mount Bumstead in the Antarctic is named for him. Harvard University records indicate that Bumstead's father Horace Bumstead (1841–1919) was the son of Josiah Freeman Bumstead, a Boston merchant, and Lucy Douglas Willis Bumstead. He was educated at the Boston Latin School and Yale College (Class of 1863) and became a Congregationalist minister and educator.","psg_id":"17140432"},{"title":"Henry A. Bumstead","text":"In 1905 Bumstead spent a sabbatical year at the Cavendish Laboratory. Performing an experiment suggested by J. J. Thomson, Bumstead examined the effect of X-rays (then called Röntgen rays) when applied to lead and zinc, finding that \"twice as much heat is produced in lead compared to zinc\". When Arthur Williams Wright retired in 1906, Bumstead became professor of physics at Yale College and Director of the Sloan Physics Laboratory. In World War I Bumstead was selected to serve as the head of the Scientific Section in London under Admiral William Sims, Commander of the American Forces countering the U-boat","psg_id":"12385689"},{"title":"Henry Bumstead","text":"the King Kong Kongfrontation ride designed by Alexander and Bob Ward, and several of the exterior set streets on the \"back lot.\" Henry Bumstead Lloyd Henry \"Bummy\" Bumstead (March 17, 1915 – May 24, 2006) was an American cinematic art director and production designer. In a career that spanned over fifty-five years he won two Academy Awards: the first for \"To Kill a Mockingbird\", and the second for \"The Sting\". In addition, he was nominated for Alfred Hitchcock's \"Vertigo\" and Clint Eastwood's \"Unforgiven\". Bumstead was born in Ontario, California and, following his graduation from University of Southern California, joined Paramount","psg_id":"7928580"},{"title":"Henry Bumstead","text":"Henry Bumstead Lloyd Henry \"Bummy\" Bumstead (March 17, 1915 – May 24, 2006) was an American cinematic art director and production designer. In a career that spanned over fifty-five years he won two Academy Awards: the first for \"To Kill a Mockingbird\", and the second for \"The Sting\". In addition, he was nominated for Alfred Hitchcock's \"Vertigo\" and Clint Eastwood's \"Unforgiven\". Bumstead was born in Ontario, California and, following his graduation from University of Southern California, joined Paramount Pictures in 1948. He learned his trade from Hans Dreier, with whom he worked on a number of films beginning with \"Saigon\".","psg_id":"7928576"},{"title":"Charles Bumstead","text":"Charles Bumstead Charles Henry Bumstead (8 January 1922 – 6 May 1974) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper in the Football League for Millwall and Crystal Palace. He also played non-league football for Dover Town and Bedford Town. Bumstead was born in Croydon, and began his career with Millwall, making 12 appearances between 1946 and 1948. In August 1948, he signed for Crystal Palace but did not make his debut until December, in a 1–0 home defeat to Newport County, going on to make 16 appearances that season. Dick Graham was the first-choice 'keeper at the","psg_id":"19054903"},{"title":"Bumstead Records","text":"Bumstead Records Bumstead Records was originally a small record label in Edmonton, Alberta, founded by Larry Wanagas in 1979 and run primarily out of Homestead Recorders. Wanagas launched k.d. lang's career and continued for 15 years with many tours, multi-platinum sales, accolades and awards. The management arm of Bumstead Productions Ltd. has over the years represented a number of successful artists including Susan Aglukark, Big Sugar, The Blue Shadows (featuring Billy Cowsill), BOY, Erasure, Colin James, k.d. lang, Madeleine Peyroux, The Modern Minds (featuring Moe Berg), Staggered Crossing and The Trews. Wanagas is currently a director with the International Music","psg_id":"6170285"},{"title":"John Bumstead","text":"John Bumstead John Bumstead (born 27 November 1958) is an English former footballer who played as a midfielder in the Football League for Chelsea, where he spent most of his career, and Charlton Athletic. Bumstead (father of Matthew) started his career in the Chelsea youth set-up, and was well established in the first team before moving to the men's division by the time they won the Second Division title in the 1983-84 season - and with it promotion to the First Division. He helped them win the Full Members Cup in 1985-86 - when they also finished sixth in the","psg_id":"7017026"},{"title":"Charles Bumstead","text":"time and Bumstead was restricted to three games in 1949–50, but made 24 appearances in 1950–51 when Graham's career was coming to an end. Graham retired through injury in 1951 and Bumstead began the next season as first-choice, but played only 10 times before signing for Dover Town (a forerunner of Dover Athletic) in November that year. He had made 53 League appearances (55 in all competitions) for Palace. Bumstead signed for Bedford Town in 1953 and went on to make 87 appearances in all competitions for the club. By 1957–8 he was known to have retired as a player","psg_id":"19054904"},{"title":"Blondie (comic strip)","text":"letters, which preceded the title sequence in almost every film. Columbia was careful to maintain continuity, so each picture progressed from where the last one left off. Thus the Bumstead children grew from toddlers to young adults onscreen. Larry Simms played the Bumsteads' son in all the films; his character was originally called Baby Dumpling, and later became Alexander. Marjorie Kent (born Marjorie Ann Mutchie) joined the series in 1943 as daughter Cookie. Daisy had pups in the 12th feature, \"Blondie for Victory\" (1942). Danny Mummert, who had originally been chosen to play Baby Dumpling, took the continuing role of","psg_id":"2513682"},{"title":"Blondie (comic strip)","text":"doll cutouts, coffee mugs, cookie jars, neckties, lunchboxes, puzzles, games, Halloween costumes, Christmas ornaments, music boxes, refrigerator magnets, lapel pinbacks, greeting cards, and other products. In 2001, Dark Horse Comics issued two collectible figures of Dagwood and Blondie as part of their line of Classic Comic Characters—statues No. 19 and 20 respectively. A counter-service restaurant called Blondie's opened at Universal Orlando's Islands of Adventure in May 1999, serving a traditional Dagwood-style sandwich. In fact, Blondie's bills itself as \"Home of the Dagwood Sandwich.\" Lunch meats featuring Dagwood can be purchased at various grocery stores. On May 11, 2006, Dean Young","psg_id":"2513689"},{"title":"Blondie (comic strip)","text":"over all he surveys, with one notable exception—his formidable and domineering wife, Cora. Blondie and Dagwood's best friends are their next-door neighbors Herb and Tootsie Woodley, although Dagwood and Herb's friendship is frequently volatile. Lou is the burly, tattooed owner of Lou's Diner, the less-than-five-star establishment where Dagwood often eats during his lunch hour. Other regular supporting characters include the long-suffering mailman, Mr. Beasley; Elmo Tuttle, a pesky neighborhood kid who often asks Dagwood to play; and a never-ending parade of overbearing door-to-door salesmen. There are several running gags in \"Blondie\", reflecting the trend after Chic Young's death for the","psg_id":"2513673"},{"title":"Blondie (comic strip)","text":"Blondie (comic strip) Blondie is an American comic strip created by cartoonist Chic Young. The comic strip is distributed by King Features Syndicate, and has been published in newspapers since September 8, 1930. The success of the strip, which features the eponymous blonde and her sandwich-loving husband, led to the long-running \"Blondie\" film series (1938–1950) and the popular \"Blondie\" radio program (1939–1950). Chic Young drew \"Blondie\" until his death in 1973, when creative control passed to his son Dean Young, who continues to write the strip. Young has collaborated with a number of artists on \"Blondie\", including Jim Raymond, Mike","psg_id":"2513668"},{"title":"Albert H. Bumstead","text":"During the Civil War, Bumstead was commissioned as a Major for the 43rd regiment of the U.S. Colored Troops where he served from April 1864 to December 1865. He later joined the faculty of Atlanta University and served as their second president from 1888–1907. Albert H. Bumstead Albert Hoit Bumstead was an American cartographer and inventor. He was born in Minneapolis in 1875, and attended Worcester Academy for one year, graduating in 1894. His home at that time was Atlanta, Georgia. Albert went on to Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) and studied civil engineering. After WPI, he was a surveyor for","psg_id":"17140433"},{"title":"Albert H. Bumstead","text":"Albert H. Bumstead Albert Hoit Bumstead was an American cartographer and inventor. He was born in Minneapolis in 1875, and attended Worcester Academy for one year, graduating in 1894. His home at that time was Atlanta, Georgia. Albert went on to Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) and studied civil engineering. After WPI, he was a surveyor for the U.S. Geological Survey. In 1910 he resided in Townsend Harbor, Massachusetts. In 1912, he was the topographer of the Yale University expedition to Peru, and by 1916 he was a cartographer at the National Geographic Society. Bumstead invented three sun compasses used by","psg_id":"17140431"},{"title":"Eudora Stone Bumstead","text":"Eudora Stone Bumstead Eudora Stone Bumstead (August 26, 1860 – 1892) was an American poet and hymnwriter. She is remembered as \"the children's poet\". Along with several other young writers, including: C. A. Stephens, William S. Walsh, Robert M. Walsh, Helen Gray Cone, Eleanor C. Donnelly, Mary Sheldon Barnes, Theodora Robinson Jenness, F. (\"Fern\") Hamilton, and Edwin Roth Champlin (\"Clarence Fairfield\"), Bumstead got her start as a writer at \"Our Young Folks\". She began writing rhymes in childhood, and when ten years old was paid for a poem entitled, \"Signs of Spring\", which was published in \"Our Young Folks\", then","psg_id":"20820624"},{"title":"Eudora Stone Bumstead","text":"proved which did not stand the test of reason. The family lived in Beatrice, Nebraska before removing to Ontario, California with their daughter. She died in 1892, and was buried at Bellevue Memorial Park, Ontario. Their only son, died at the age of two-and-a-half years, but Bumstead did not write of the sadness occasioned by his loss, believing that it is better to spread light and gladness than clouds and sadness. Eudora Stone Bumstead Eudora Stone Bumstead (August 26, 1860 – 1892) was an American poet and hymnwriter. She is remembered as \"the children's poet\". Along with several other young","psg_id":"20820627"},{"title":"Ann Barnes","text":"Ann Barnes Ann Barnes (June 17, 1945 – September 13, 2005) was an actress and pop singer, best known for appearing as Cookie Bumstead on the short-lived television series \"Blondie\" (1957), based on the popular Chic Young comic strip. In the series executive-produced by Hal Roach, Arthur Lake reprised the role of Dagwood, first essayed in the feature films produced by Columbia Pictures in the 1930s–1940’s. “Blondie” was played in the TV series by Pamela Britton. Barnes played the Bumsteads' daughter as a bright, precocious girl, full of worldly wisdom, and terribly fond of cake. The energetic actress would often","psg_id":"11758432"},{"title":"Henry Bumstead","text":"he established relationships with George Roy Hill and Clint Eastwood, which began on \"Slaughterhouse-Five\" and \"High Plains Drifter\" respectively. He went on to work with both men on numerous films. Bumstead worked on many films during his career, including: \"Slap Shot\", \"A Little Romance\", \"The World According to Garp\", \"Cape Fear\", \"Unforgiven\", \"Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil\", \"Space Cowboys\", \"Mystic River\", and \"Million Dollar Baby\". \"Flags of Our Fathers\" (2006) and the companion film \"Letters from Iwo Jima\" (2007) were Bumstead's final two projects. Bumstead was 91 years old when he worked on these projects. He died","psg_id":"7928578"},{"title":"Blondie (comic strip)","text":"Bumstead and family, including Daisy and the pups, live in the suburbs of Joplin, Missouri,\" according to the August 1946 issue of \"The Joplin Globe\", citing Chic Young. The Bumstead family has grown, with the addition of a son named Alexander (originally \"Baby Dumpling\") on April 15, 1934, a daughter named Cookie on April 11, 1941, a dog, Daisy, and her litter of five unnamed pups. In the 1960s, Cookie and Alexander grew into teenagers (who uncannily resemble their parents), but they stopped growing during the 1960s when Young realized that they had to remain teenagers to maintain the family","psg_id":"2513671"},{"title":"John Bumstead","text":"league. He remained with the club after their relegation in 1987-88 and collected a Second Division title medal the following season as they regained their First Division status at the first attempt. He would remain with Chelsea for another two seasons, making a total of 409 appearances and scoring 44 goals with The Blues, before being transferred to Charlton Athletic, where he spent two seasons before retiring from professional football in his 35th year. John Bumstead John Bumstead (born 27 November 1958) is an English former footballer who played as a midfielder in the Football League for Chelsea, where he","psg_id":"7017027"},{"title":"Henry Bumstead","text":"Following Dreier's retirement in 1951 he worked with Hal Pereira, whom Paramount had brought in to replace Dreier. During these early years, Bumstead worked on numerous films, including \"My Friend Irma\", \"My Friend Irma Goes West\", and \"The Bridges at Toko-Ri\". However, his big break came in 1956 when he worked with Pereira on Alfred Hitchcock's remake of \"The Man Who Knew Too Much\". He went on to work on three further Hitchcock films: \"Vertigo\", \"Topaz\" and \"Family Plot\". In 1961, Bumstead left Paramount to join Universal Studios, where he formed a close partnership with Alexander Golitzen. Whilst at Universal","psg_id":"7928577"},{"title":"A&W Restaurants","text":"\"real\" by the authorities at Linkedin. In 1998, the characters from the comic strip \"Blondie\", including Blondie and Dagwood Bumstead, were licensed for use at A&W franchisees as part of an \"All American Food\" campaign. In the 1960s, a character named Chubby Chicken appeared on all Chubby burgers. In early 2013, A&W introduced its first new product in several years: a six-ounce version of its soft-serve blended dessert treat. Mini Polar Swirls were the first product to be launched on Vine. The following summer, 250 of A&W's restaurants began hand-breading their chicken tenders, moving towards higher-quality menu items and expanding","psg_id":"2012934"},{"title":"Curtis (comic strip)","text":"of February is also dedicated to Black History Month, in which Mrs. Nelson assigns her class to write about various African-American figures in history. \"Curtis\" featured Dagwood of the \"Blondie\" comic as part of the 75th anniversary celebration for \"Blondie\". Unlike \"Dennis the Menace\", \"Hi and Lois\", \"B.C.\", \"Family Circus\" or \"Baby Blues\", the other comic strips that participated in the anniversary crossover, \"Curtis\" took an extended storyline lasting from August 29 to September 3, like \"Hägar the Horrible\". Curtis was also featured in the 75th Anniversary strip on September 4. Curtis (comic strip) Curtis is a nationally syndicated comic","psg_id":"3662306"},{"title":"Who Censored Roger Rabbit?","text":"in the film, some of their characteristics, as well as the basic plot, are significantly different. The novel is set in the present day and in a strange universe in which real humans and cartoon characters co-exist. The cartoons of the novel are primarily comic strip characters, as opposed to animated cartoon stars, with famous strip characters making cameos, such as Dick Tracy, Snoopy, Dagwood and Blondie Bumstead, Beetle Bailey, and Hägar the Horrible. Strips are produced by photographing cartoon characters. In this version, \"toon\" characters speak in word balloons which appear above their heads as they talk. Although some","psg_id":"1994790"},{"title":"Eudora Stone Bumstead","text":"University. She was for a time a successful school teacher. While attending Nebraska State University, she met William T. Bumstead, whom she married in 1880. She has had little time for writing but when she did write, it was mostly for the child-readers of \"St. Nicholas Magazine\" and \"The Youth's Companion\", having been a special contributor to the latter for several years. Bumstead was of Quaker descent, and is like the Friends in her quiet tastes and sincere manners. She had few friends. Remarkably well-informed and having an analytic mind, she was a keen, though kindly, disputant, accepting nothing as","psg_id":"20820626"},{"title":"Henry A. Bumstead","text":"Henry A. Bumstead Henry Andrews Bumstead (March 12, 1870 – December 31, 1920) was an American physicist who taught at Yale from 1897 to 1920. In 1918 he was scientific attache to the United States embassy in London. In 1920 he was Chairman of the National Research Council. Henry was a high school student in Decatur, Illinois. In 1887 he went to Johns Hopkins University, initially as a student in a pre-medical program. He studied mathematics with Fabian Franklin and took up an interest in that subject. He studied physics with Henry Augustus Rowland and found his calling there. In","psg_id":"12385687"},{"title":"Henry A. Bumstead","text":"1891 he obtained the bachelor's degree and continued at Johns Hopkins as an assistant in the physics laboratory and a graduate student. He studied thermodynamics, electrostatics, and the electromagnetic theory of light. Henry Bumstead became an instructor at the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University in 1893, working with Charles S. Hastings. At the same time he became a student of Willard Gibbs, learning vector analysis and continuing the study of thermodynamics and the electromagnetic theory of light. He was awarded the Ph.D. in 1897, composing a thesis \"A Comparison of Electrodynamic Theories\". Bumstead became an assistant professor in 1900.","psg_id":"12385688"},{"title":"Bring Me the Head of Charlie Brown","text":"Pen vomiting profusely in Violet's face, two biplanes colliding in midair, Dagwood Bumstead getting kicked in the groin by his wife, Blondie, which causes his head to pop off, resulting in another blood gush, Mickey Mouse getting hit over the head by a lead pipe, Rocky Balboa getting punched in the face by Popeye, and Godzilla squeezing Dr. Pepper out of a giant soda can. It ends with Charlie Brown announcing that \"Happiness is a warm \"uzi\"\" in a thick Germanic accent reminiscent of Arnold Schwarzenegger and a cut to him smoking a cigarette in bed with the Little Red-Haired","psg_id":"9029323"},{"title":"Pamela Britton","text":"\"D.O.A.\", also in 1950. She made her third film of the year in the Red Skelton vehicle, \"Watch the Birdie\" (1951). It was 19 years before she returned to the big screen. Britton portrayed the title role of the TV version of the Chic Young newspaper comic strip \"Blondie\" (1957), opposite Arthur Lake as her husband, \"Dagwood Bumstead\". Britton was married on April 8, 1943, in Texas, to Captain Arthur Steel after they met on a blind date arranged by one of her sisters. After the wedding, he was posted to Italy on active service while Britton remained working at","psg_id":"5557096"},{"title":"Fantasio","text":"Prunelle. Fantasio Fantasio is a fictional character from the \"Spirou et Fantasio\" comic strip. He was introduced in 1944 by Jijé, who was then drawing Spirou's adventures. Fantasio is Spirou's best friend and co-adventurer, a graphic reporter with an uncontrolled imagination and a mop of blond hair. In his early incarnation, he was considerably taller than Spirou, with a clown-like demeanour, and his hairstyle resembled that of Blondie character Dagwood Bumstead. In the Franquin era, he and Spirou became more alike. He has an evil megalomaniac cousin, Zantafio, who is his sworn enemy but bears a strong physical resemblance to","psg_id":"6759043"},{"title":"Fantasio","text":"Fantasio Fantasio is a fictional character from the \"Spirou et Fantasio\" comic strip. He was introduced in 1944 by Jijé, who was then drawing Spirou's adventures. Fantasio is Spirou's best friend and co-adventurer, a graphic reporter with an uncontrolled imagination and a mop of blond hair. In his early incarnation, he was considerably taller than Spirou, with a clown-like demeanour, and his hairstyle resembled that of Blondie character Dagwood Bumstead. In the Franquin era, he and Spirou became more alike. He has an evil megalomaniac cousin, Zantafio, who is his sworn enemy but bears a strong physical resemblance to him.","psg_id":"6759041"},{"title":"Will Hutchins","text":"Dagwood Bumstead in a CBS television version of the comic strip \"Blondie\". He travelled to South Africa to appear in \"Shangani Patrol\" (1970) playing Frederick Russell Burnham. Back in the US, Hutchins guest starred on \"Love, American Style\", \"Emergency!\", \"Chase\", \"Movin' On\", \"The Streets of San Francisco\", and \"The Quest\". He was in \"The Horror at 37,000 Feet\" (1973), \"Slumber Party '57\" (1976), and \"The Happy Hooker Goes to Washington\" (1977). He also began appearing in circuses. Hutchins had roles in \"Roar\" (1981), \"Gunfighter\" (1999) and \"The Romantics\" (2010). Hutchins was married to Chris Burnett, sister of Carol Burnett, with","psg_id":"6770579"},{"title":"Blondie (comic strip)","text":"does Blondie wear her previous hat and gloves when leaving the house. Although some bedroom and bathroom scenes still show him in polka-dot boxer shorts, Dagwood no longer wears garters to hold up his socks. When at home, he frequently wears sport shirts, his standard dress shirt with one large button in the middle is slowly disappearing, and he no longer smokes a pipe at all. Blondie now often wears slacks, and she is no longer depicted as a housewife since she teamed with Tootsie Woodley to launch a catering business in 1991. Dagwood still knocks heads with his boss,","psg_id":"2513676"},{"title":"Blondie (comic strip)","text":"radio; the \"Blondie\" radio program had a long run spanning several networks. Initially a 1939 summer replacement program for \"The Eddie Cantor Show\" (sponsored by Camel Cigarettes), \"Blondie\" was heard on CBS until June 1944, when it moved briefly to NBC. Returning to CBS later that year, \"Blondie\" continued there under a new sponsor (Colgate-Palmolive) until June 1949. In its final season, the series was heard on ABC from October 1949 to July 1950. Two \"Blondie\" TV sitcoms have been produced to date, each lasting only one season. Blondie and Dagwood made a brief animated appearance in \"The Fantastic Funnies\",","psg_id":"2513685"},{"title":"Blondie's Holiday","text":"Blondie's Holiday Blondie's Holiday is a 1947 black-and-white comedy film, directed by Abby Berlin. The film is based on the comic strip of the same name. The screenplay was written by Chic Young and Constance Lee. This was the twentieth of 28 films based on the comic strip; Columbia Pictures produced them from 1938 to 1943. Daisy, the dog, appeared in every film except this one, as he was playing \"Curley\" in the 1947 film \"Red Stallion\" Dagwood Bumstead is an architect who has managed to convince the prominent bank president Samuel Breckenridge to let his firm have the contract","psg_id":"17285600"},{"title":"Blondie (radio)","text":"to the strip, like the appearance of Dagwood's famous sandwiches - and the running gag of Dagwood colliding with the mailman amid a flurry of letters, (which preceded the title sequence in almost every film). The films were typical of family-fare situational comedies of the period, and are endearingly funny in a low-key way. As the series progressed, the Bumstead children grew from toddlers to young adults onscreen. Larry Simms as Baby Dumpling (later known as Alexander) reprised his role in all the films. Daughter Cookie was played by three different child actresses, beginning in 1942 with her first appearance","psg_id":"9296670"},{"title":"Blondie (comic strip)","text":"strip to focus almost entirely on Dagwood as the lead character: During the early years of the strip, the Sunday installments were much in the vein of the then-popular genre of \"pretty girl\" strips (including a variety of regular suitors), rather than spoofing them like in the daily continuities. Dagwood would actually not appear in a Sunday page until January 1, 1933. From 1930 to 1935, Young drew \"The Family Foursome\" as a topper, being replaced by the pantomime strip \"Colonel Potterby and the Duchess\", which ran until 1963 (becoming a stand-alone strip in 1958). For years, the Sunday installments","psg_id":"2513674"},{"title":"Blondie (comic strip)","text":"situation structured into the strip for so many decades. Dagwood is the office manager at the office of the J. C. Dithers Construction Company under his dictatorial boss, Julius Caesar Dithers. Mr. Dithers is a \"sawed-off, tin pot Napoleon\" who is always abusing his employees, both verbally and physically. He frequently threatens to fire Dagwood when Dagwood inevitably botches or does not finish his work, sleeps on the job, comes in late, or pesters Dithers for a raise. Dithers characteristically responds by kicking Dagwood in the backside and ordering him back to work. The tyrannical Dithers is lord and master","psg_id":"2513672"},{"title":"Henry Bumstead","text":"before either film was released into theaters, and \"Flags of Our Fathers\" was dedicated to him (the credit dedicates the film to him using his nickname \"Bummy\".) Bumstead was also instrumental in the design of several theme park attractions and exterior sets at Universal Studios Hollywood and Florida. For Universal Hollywood, he served as set designer for the King Kong attraction (1986) and also assembled the art direction team for the design of Universal Studios Florida where he worked under theme park designer Peter Alexander. For Universal Florida, \"Bummy\" personally designed (although with his associate Bill Tuntke) the sets for","psg_id":"7928579"},{"title":"Horace Bumstead","text":"achievement was his Doctor of Divinity Degree from New York University in 1881. After graduating from Yale in 1863, the Civil War began in America. His military science degree led him to the immediate commission as a major of the 43rd United States Colored Infantry from April 1864 to December 1865, with whom he served at Richmond, Petersburg, and Brownsville. The 43rd Regiment of the U.S. Colored Infantry troops was discharged at Philadelphia on November 30, 1865. In 1875, Bumstead became part of the faculty of Atlantic University, joining his Yale classmate and the first president of the university, Edmund","psg_id":"19518437"},{"title":"Blondie (comic strip)","text":"each morning racing to meet his carpool rather than chasing after a missed streetcar or city bus. Even Mr. Beasley, the mail carrier, now dresses in short-sleeve shirts and walking shorts, rather than the military-style uniform of days gone by. During the late 1990s and 2000–2001, Alexander worked part-time after high school at the order counter of a fast food restaurant, the Burger Barn. There are still occasional references to Cookie and her babysitting. Daisy, who once had a litter of puppies that lived with the family, is now the only dog seen in the Bumstead household. Cookie and Alexander","psg_id":"2513678"},{"title":"Arthur Lake (actor)","text":"at 6646 Hollywood Blvd. Many of the actors on the radio show noted Lake's commitment to the program, stating that on the day of the broadcast, Lake \"was\" Dagwood Bumstead. Far from being upset about being typecast, Lake continued to embrace the role of Dagwood in a short-lived 1957 \"Blondie\" TV series, then even into the 1960s and beyond; he would often give speeches to Rotary clubs and other civic organizations, eagerly posing for pictures with a Dagwood sandwich. Lake became very friendly with newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst and his mistress Marion Davies. He was a frequent guest at","psg_id":"4695574"},{"title":"Blondie (comic strip)","text":"can be seen in modern clothing trends and sometimes use cellphones, reference current television shows and social networking sites, while talking about attending rock concerts of popular current Rock, Pop, and Hip Hop music acts. In this period, when in his basement woodworking shop, Dagwood was shown wearing safety eyeglasses. Dagwood sometimes breaks the fourth wall by delivering the punchline to the strip while looking directly at the reader, as in the above panel. Daisy occasionally does the same, though her remarks are limited to \"?\" and \"!\" with either a puzzled or a pained expression. Strips in recent years","psg_id":"2513679"},{"title":"Blondie (comic strip)","text":"have included references to recent developments in technology and communication, such as Facebook, Twitter, email, and text messaging. In 2005, the strip celebrated its 75th anniversary with an extended story arc in which characters from other strips, including \"Curtis\", \"Garfield\", \"Beetle Bailey\", and \"Hägar the Horrible\", made appearances in \"Blondie\". The strip \"Pearls Before Swine\" made fun of the fact that their cast was not invited, and decided to invite themselves. This cross-over promotion began July 10, 2005 and continued until September 4, 2005. \"Blondie\" has been translated to various languages, including a French version that appeared in Canada. \"Blondie\"","psg_id":"2513680"},{"title":"Blondie (radio)","text":"Blondie (radio) Blondie is a radio situation comedy adapted from the long-run \"Blondie\" comic strip by Chic Young. The radio program had a long run on several networks from 1939 to 1950. After Penny Singleton was cast in the title role of the feature film \"Blondie\" (1938), co-starring with Arthur Lake as Dagwood (the first in a series of 28 produced by Columbia Pictures); she and Lake repeated their roles December 20, 1938, on \"The Pepsodent Show starring Bob Hope\". The appearance with Hope led to their own show, beginning July 3, 1939, on CBS as a summer replacement for","psg_id":"9296665"},{"title":"Li'l Abner","text":"on both salami and Salome. Parody characters include Hop-Eye De Sailor, a parody of Popeye the Sailor, Little Orphan Andy (Little Orphan Annie); Bagwood Bumphead (Dagwood Bumstead), Rip Derby (Rip Kirby), Manrank the Musician (Mandrake the Magician), Little Danny Rooney (Little Annie Rooney), Icky (Twiggy), and Goon Mullins (Moon Mullins). \"Li'l Abner\" also featured a comic strip-within-the-strip: \"Fearless Fosdick\" was a parody of Chester Gould's plainclothes detective, \"Dick Tracy\". It first appeared in 1942, and proved so popular that it ran intermittently in \"Li'l Abner\" over the next 35 years. Gould was also personally parodied in the series as cartoonist","psg_id":"1876807"},{"title":"Florence Lake","text":"Hollywood to get into the burgeoning film industry. Arthur changed his professional name to Arthur Lake and later achieved great success as \"Dagwood Bumstead\" in the \"Blondie\" movie series. Florence was petite, with a high-pitched speaking voice. She perfected a comical singsong delivery that established her in \"dumb\" roles. She personified flightiness in the Kennedy shorts, as the scatterbrained Mrs. Kennedy. After the series ended upon Kennedy's death in 1948, she continued to play character roles in films and television. Her best-known TV role was Jenny, the Calverton telephone operator in \"Lassie\". Lake played the role for the entire ten","psg_id":"8472564"},{"title":"Golden Age of Comic Books","text":"into the 21st century. The educational comic book \"Dagwood Splits the Atom\" used characters from the comic strip \"Blondie\". According to historian Michael A. Amundson, appealing comic-book characters helped ease young readers' fear of nuclear war and neutralize anxiety about the questions posed by atomic power. It was during this period that long-running humor comics debuted, including EC's \"Mad\" and Carl Barks' Uncle Scrooge in Dell's \"Four Color Comics\" (both in 1952). In 1953, the comic book industry hit a setback when the United States Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency was created in order to investigate the problem of juvenile","psg_id":"1321937"},{"title":"Patricia Lake","text":"radio sitcom \"Blondie\" in the mid-1940s, Lake replaced her as the voice of Blondie Bumstead for the remaining five years of the show, opposite her real-life husband Arthur Lake, who played Blondie's spouse, Dagwood. In 1954, Lake also co-starred with her husband in an early television sitcom he created called \"Meet the Family\". Lake was selected by the Motion Picture Publicists Association to be one of the MPPA 'Baby Stars' of 1940, an award similar to the WAMPAS Baby Stars selections of 1922 through 1934. Patricia Lake Patricia Van Cleeve Lake (between 1919 and 1923 – October 3, 1993), known","psg_id":"6119952"},{"title":"Penny Singleton","text":"Penny Singleton Penny Singleton (born Marianna Dorothy Agnes Letitia McNulty, September 15, 1908 – November 12, 2003) was an American actress. During her 60-year career, Singleton appeared as the comic-strip heroine Blondie Bumstead in a series of 28 motion pictures from 1938 until 1950 and the popular \"Blondie\" radio program from 1939 until 1950. Singleton also provided the voice of Jane Jetson in the animated series \"The Jetsons\". For her contributions to both radio and the motion-picture industry, in 1960, Singleton was honored with two stars as she was inducted to the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The star for radio","psg_id":"2304516"},{"title":"Blondie Has Servant Trouble","text":"to Batterson, the former owner of the house. The clip also says that Eric claims to be the rightful heir to the estate and the house. When Blondie hears about this she regrets that she asked for servants in the first place. Dagwood sets out to catch Eric, and succeeds just in time to prevent the man from stabbing his own wife Blondie in the back. When the press hears about the events that lead to Eric’s capture, they name Dagwood a hero, and he finally gets his raise from his boss. Blondie Has Servant Trouble Blondie Has Servant Trouble","psg_id":"16203293"},{"title":"Arthur Lake (actor)","text":"many suspects in a case that remains unsolved. Lake died of a heart attack in Indian Wells, California, on January 9, 1987, and was interred in the Hollywood Forever Cemetery, in the Douras family mausoleum, along with actress Marion Davies and her husband, Horace G. Brown. Lake's widow Patricia was interred there upon her death in 1993. Arthur Lake (actor) Arthur Lake (born Arthur Silverlake Jr., April 17, 1905 – January 9, 1987) was an American actor known best for bringing Dagwood Bumstead, the bumbling husband of \"Blondie\", to life in film, radio and television. Lake was born in 1905,","psg_id":"4695576"},{"title":"Arthur Lake (actor)","text":"Arthur Lake (actor) Arthur Lake (born Arthur Silverlake Jr., April 17, 1905 – January 9, 1987) was an American actor known best for bringing Dagwood Bumstead, the bumbling husband of \"Blondie\", to life in film, radio and television. Lake was born in 1905, when his father and uncle were touring with a circus in an aerial act known as \"The Flying Silverlakes\". His mother, Edith Goodwin, was an actress. His parents later appeared in vaudeville in a skit \"Family Affair\", traveling throughout the South and Southwest United States. Arthur first appeared on stage as a baby in Uncle Tom's Cabin","psg_id":"4695571"},{"title":"Hanley Stafford","text":"Hanley Stafford Hanley Stafford (born Alfred John Austin 22 September 1899 in Hanley, England, United Kingdom; died 9 September 1968, Los Angeles, California, USA) was an actor principally on radio. He is remembered best for playing Lancelot Higgins on \"The Baby Snooks Show\". Stafford also assumed the role of Mr. Dithers, the boss of Dagwood Bumstead on the \"Blondie\" radio program. He is commemorated by a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Stafford emigrated from England to Winnipeg, Manitoba in 1911. He enlisted in the 43rd Battalion of the Canadian Scottish Infantry in 1915, was wounded in the Third","psg_id":"8937636"},{"title":"Blondie (radio)","text":"Family\". In its final season, the series was on ABC as a Sustaining Program from October 6, 1949, to July 6, 1950, first airing Thursdays at 8pm and then (from May) 8:30pm. The radio show ended the same year as the \"Blondie\" film series (1938–50). Others in the cast: Leone Ledoux (Alexander and Cookie Bumstead), Tommy Cook (Alexander as of May 1943), Larry Sims (Alexander as of Summer 1946), Jeffrey Silver (Alexander by 1949), Marlene Aames (Cookie by 1946), Norma Jean Nilsson (Cookie in 1947), Joan Rae (Cookie after 1947), Hanley Stafford (J.C. Dithers), Elvia Allman (Mrs. Dithers), Frank Nelson","psg_id":"9296668"},{"title":"Blondie (1938 film)","text":"Ross Ford. Twenty-eight films were produced by Columbia Pictures between 1938 and 1950: \"Blondie Goes to Hollywood,\" by Carol Lynn Scherling. Albany, 2010. BearManor Media. . Blondie (1938 film) Blondie is a 1938 movie directed by Frank Strayer, based on the comic strip of the same name, created by Chic Young. The screenplay was written by Richard Flournoy. This was the first of 28 films based on the comic strip; Columbia Pictures produced them from 1938 to 1943, and popular demand brought them back in 1945. When the \"Blondie\" film series came to an end with \"Beware of Blondie\" in","psg_id":"2901404"},{"title":"Blondie (1938 film)","text":"Blondie (1938 film) Blondie is a 1938 movie directed by Frank Strayer, based on the comic strip of the same name, created by Chic Young. The screenplay was written by Richard Flournoy. This was the first of 28 films based on the comic strip; Columbia Pictures produced them from 1938 to 1943, and popular demand brought them back in 1945. When the \"Blondie\" film series came to an end with \"Beware of Blondie\" in 1950, it was announced that it would be replaced with a series of \"Gasoline Alley\" movies. However, only two such films were made, \"Gasoline Alley\" (1951)","psg_id":"2901402"},{"title":"The Blue Shadows","text":"previously worked with Barney Bentall and The Payolas. The name of the group, suggested by Hatcher's wife, was based on the song \"Blue Shadows On The Trail\" by Sons of the Pioneers. The group was initially managed by Larry Wanagas and David Chesney, who also managed k.d. lang and owned Bumstead Records, through which lang's early recordings were released. The group was eventually signed to Sony Music. The group's first album, \"On The Floor of Heaven\", released on Bumstead Records and distributed by Sony, was certified gold in Canada, for sales in excess of 50,000 copies. The group generated the","psg_id":"18576034"},{"title":"Comic strip","text":"of popular strips - particularly in Spanish - are primarily read over the internet) and ever-shrinking newspaper space. One particularly humorous example of such promotional efforts is the Great Comic Strip Switcheroonie, held in 1997 on April Fool's Day, an event in which dozens of prominent artists took over each other's strips. \"Garfield\"’s Jim Davis, for example, switched with \"Blondie\"’s Stan Drake, while Scott Adams (\"Dilbert\") traded strips with Bil Keane (\"The Family Circus\"). Even the United States Postal Service got into the act, issuing a series of commemorative stamps marking the comic-strip centennial in 1996. While the Switcheroonie was","psg_id":"70123"},{"title":"The Comic Strip","text":"The Comic Strip The Comic Strip is a group of British comedians who came to prominence in the 1980s. They are known for their television series The Comic Strip Presents... which was labelled as a pioneering example of the alternative comedy scene. The core members are Adrian Edmondson, Dawn French, Rik Mayall, Nigel Planer, Peter Richardson, Jennifer Saunders and Alexei Sayle, with frequent appearances by Keith Allen, Robbie Coltrane, Lanah P and others. Two double acts, Adrian Edmondson and Rik Mayall under the name \"20th Century Coyote\" and Nigel Planer and Peter Richardson as \"The Outer Limits\", started performing at","psg_id":"1837121"},{"title":"Marvin (comic strip)","text":"won the Heisman Trophy and climbed Mount Kilimanjaro. He is six feet five inches tall and very manly. Barbie Purfect is a blonde housewife who attended cooking school in Paris, was a cheerleader, class president and sorority president. Rodney Purfect II is two and a half years old but reads at a third grade level, performed his piano composition for Queen Elizabeth II and was potty trained at 6 months. He also has blond hair. In 2005, Marvin guest starred in the comic strip \"Blondie\" for its 75th anniversary. Marvin (comic strip) Marvin, later called Marvin & Family, is a","psg_id":"1562788"},{"title":"Blondie Goes to College","text":"dilemma starts when Laura Wadsworth (Janet Blair) begins to flirt with Dagwood and Big Man on Campus Rusty Bryant (Larry Parks) does the same with Blondie. Even more problems come to Blondie when she discovers she is pregnant. Afraid to tell Dagwood out of fear for expulsion, she decides to keep it a secret. Blondie Goes to College Blondie Goes to College is a 1942 Columbia comedy film directed by Frank R. Strayer. The film is a part of the \"Blondie\" series, starring Penny Singleton in the title role. This was the tenth of twenty-eight Blondie movies starring Penny Singleton","psg_id":"11817066"},{"title":"Blondie on a Budget","text":"suspect that they are having an affair. After Dagwood wins money in a competition he decides to buy Blondie a fur coat, but uses Joan to try it on for size. Blondie sees them in the shop together and mistakenly thinks he is buying it for Joan. She decides to leave Dagwood for good, only to have a last minute change of heart. Blondie on a Budget Blondie on a Budget is a 1940 American comedy film directed by Frank R. Strayer and starring Penny Singleton, Arthur Lake and Rita Hayworth. It was the fifth entry into the long-running Blondie","psg_id":"17366755"},{"title":"Blondie (comic strip)","text":"wiseguy neighbor Alvin Fuddle. Rounding out the regular supporting cast, character actor Jonathan Hale played Dagwood's irascible boss, J.C. Dithers. Hale left the series in 1945 and was succeeded by Jerome Cowan as George M. Radcliffe in \"Blondie's Big Moment\". In the last film, \"Beware of Blondie\", the Dithers character returned, played by Edward Earle and shown from the back. The Bumsteads' neighbors, the Woodleys, did not appear in the series until \"Beware of Blondie\". They were played by Emory Parnell and Isabel Withers. In 1943 Columbia felt the series was slipping, and ended the string with \"It's a Great","psg_id":"2513683"},{"title":"Memory Banks (comic strip)","text":"Memory Banks (comic strip) Memory Banks was the name given to a comic cartoon strip created by Mark Bennington, which appeared in \"Whizzer and Chips\" and then went on to appear in \"Buster\". The cartoon strip was about a boy called Bernie Banks, who had a very bad memory. The name of the strip was an ironic and sarcastic take on this. Despite several tricks tried by himself and other people, he would always fail to remember something important which is what provided the main plot of each strip. In the final issue of \"Buster\", it was revealed that he","psg_id":"13144092"},{"title":"Blondie (comic strip)","text":"Life\" and \"Footlight Glamour\", deliberately omitting \"Blondie\" from the titles to attract unwary moviegoers. After 14 Blondies, stars Singleton and Lake moved on to other productions. During their absence from the screen, Columbia heard from many exhibitors and fans who wanted the Blondies back. The studio reactivated the series, which ran another 14 films until discontinued permanently in 1950. Because there was still some demand from movie theaters, Columbia began reissuing the older films, beginning with the 1938 \"Blondie\", and continued to release them in their original sequence well into the 1950s. Singleton and Lake reprised their film roles for","psg_id":"2513684"},{"title":"Heart of the City (comic strip)","text":"Heart of the City (comic strip) Heart of the City is a comic strip by Mark Tatulli. It began syndication by Universal Press Syndicate on November 23, 1998, and is still running. It is currently syndicated by the Newspaper Enterprise Association (a division of Andrews McMeel Syndication, parent company of Universal Press Syndicate). It centers on a young girl, named Heart, who lives somewhere in Philadelphia. (One 2004 strip shows her home address as 1512 Spruce Street) In typical comic strip format, characters do not age but the world around them is shown to change. For example, Dean was seen","psg_id":"10795232"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Dagwood Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"national contest. The family circle is rounded out by Daisy the dog. The origin of both Dagwood's last name and Daisy's name came from Chic Young's long-time friend Arthur Bumstead and his dog, Daisy. His favorite things in life include his wife Blondie, his kids, naps on the sofa, long baths, and food. Dagwood was famous for concocting tall, multi-layered sandwiches topped with an olive on a toothpick, and the term \\\"Dagwood sandwich\\\" has entered American English. He frequently has problems with door-to-door salesmen, rude telemarketers and store salespeople, crashing into the mailman (Mr. Beasley) as he rushes from home,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3529373\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dagwood Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"in comic books, Big Little Books, Whitman novels for children, and other print materials, as well as radio, film, and television. Arthur Lake played Dagwood in the \\\"Blondie\\\" film series (1938–50) and the short-lived 1957 TV series \\\"Blondie\\\", while Will Hutchins played him in a revival series (1968–69). He makes several cameo appearances in \\\"Garfield Gets Real\\\", alongside Grimmy from \\\"Mother Goose and Grimm\\\". Dagwood and his wife also made a cameo appearance in a \\\"Garfield\\\" strip originally published April 1, 1997. On a fourth wall break, Garfield refers to this as \\\"moving to a different comic strip\\\". Dagwood made\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3529375\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dagwood sandwich\",\n \"text\": \"or wooden skewer usually crowns the edible structure. \\\"Dagwood sandwich\\\" has been included in \\\"Webster's New World Dictionary\\\", and \\\"Dagwood\\\" (referring to the sandwich) has been included in the \\\"American Heritage Dictionary\\\". Dagwood sandwich A Dagwood sandwich is a tall, multi-layered sandwich made with a variety of meats, cheeses, and condiments. It was named after Dagwood Bumstead, a central character in the comic strip \\\"Blondie\\\", who is frequently illustrated making enormous sandwiches. According to \\\"Blondie\\\" scripter Dean Young, his father, Chic Young, began drawing the huge sandwiches in the comic strip during 1936. Though the exact contents of Chic Young's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2810249\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dagwood sandwich\",\n \"text\": \"Dagwood sandwich A Dagwood sandwich is a tall, multi-layered sandwich made with a variety of meats, cheeses, and condiments. It was named after Dagwood Bumstead, a central character in the comic strip \\\"Blondie\\\", who is frequently illustrated making enormous sandwiches. According to \\\"Blondie\\\" scripter Dean Young, his father, Chic Young, began drawing the huge sandwiches in the comic strip during 1936. Though the exact contents of Chic Young's illustrated Dagwood sandwich remain obscure, it appears to contain large quantities and varieties of cold cuts, sliced cheese and vegetables separated by additional slices of bread. An olive pierced by a toothpick\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2810248\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (1968 TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"O'Byrne as the hapless mailman, always getting run over by Dagwood hurrying out the door, late for work. \\\"Blondie\\\" stars Patricia Harty and Will Hutchins as Blondie and Dagwood Bumstead, a suburban couple raising a precocious daughter. Plots mixed typical sitcom tropes from home life and work life. The series is best remembered for its opening theme, which featured the comic strip characters in animated form before transforming into the actors playing the characters. Like the 1957 version, which lasted only one season, the series was not a hit, lasting a total of 13 weeks before being canceled. Ferdin and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12048767\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dagwood Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"getting ready before the carpool leaves without him, getting to work on time, his boss J.C. Dithers, and Cookie's many dates. He is often suspicious of her dates and keeps a close watch on them when they come to the house. Other characters in his universe include Elmo Tuttle, a pesky little neighborhood kid who wanders in and out of the Bumstead house, next-door neighbors Herb and Tootsie Woodley, Lou, the sarcastic cook in a local diner, and Mr. Dithers' domineering wife, Cora. Dagwood's birthday is July 20. Over the years, Dagwood has appeared not only in daily newspapers, but\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3529374\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (1968 TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"Blondie (1968 TV series) Blondie (also known as The New Blondie) is an American sitcom that aired on CBS during the 1968–69 television season. The series is an updated version of the 1957 TV series that was based on the comic strip of the same name. The series stars Patricia Harty at the title character and Will Hutchins as her husband Dagwood Bumstead. Jim Backus played Dagwood's boss Mr. Dithers, with his real life wife Henny Backus playing Cora Dithers. The series also featured the noted child character actress Pamelyn Ferdin as the Bumstead's daughter, Cookie, and character actor Bryan\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12048766\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"announced the opening of the first of his Dagwood's Sandwich Shoppes that summer in Clearwater, Florida, and the comic strip characters discussed the notion of Dagwood opening his own sandwich shop. The official Dagwood sandwich served at Dagwood's Sandwich Shoppes has the following ingredients: three slices of deli bread, hard salami, pepperoni, cappicola, mortadella, deli ham, cotto salami, cheddar, Provolone, red onion, green leaf lettuce, tomato, fresh and roasted red bell peppers, mayo, mustard, and a secret Italian olive salad oil. Blondie (comic strip) Blondie is an American comic strip created by cartoonist Chic Young. The comic strip is distributed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2513690\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"was adapted into a long-running series of 28 low-budget theatrical B-features, produced by Columbia Pictures. Beginning with \\\"Blondie\\\" in 1938, the series lasted 12 years, through \\\"Beware of Blondie\\\" (1950). The two major roles were Penny Singleton as Blondie and Arthur Lake (whose first starring role was another comic strip character, Harold Teen) as Dagwood. Faithfulness to the comic strip was a major concern of the creators of the series. Little touches were added that were iconic to the strip, like the appearance of Dagwood's famous sandwiches—and the running gag of Dagwood colliding with the mailman amid a flurry of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2513681\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Babies (also produced by Marvel and aired on CBS), both Blondie and Dagwood make a cameo appearance. Blondie tells Dagwood that he is going to be late for work. As Dagwood rushes to the door where he knocks into the Muppet Babies who accidentally fall in their comic strip. Frank Welker who voiced Dagwood in the TV special also voiced Baby Kermit and Skeeter on Muppet Babies. Baby Kermit and Baby Piggy even parodied Blondie and Dagwood in one scene. Over the years, \\\"Blondie\\\" characters have been merchandised as dolls, coloring books, toys, salt and pepper shakers, paint sets, paper\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2513688\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"were noted by their histrionic humor as well for having 12 panels, switching to the standard half-page format in 1986. While the distinctive look and running gags of \\\"Blondie\\\" have been carefully preserved through the decades, a number of details have been altered to keep up with changing times. The Bumstead kitchen, which remained essentially unchanged from the 1930s through the 1960s, has slowly acquired a more modern look (no more legs on the gas range and no more refrigerators shown with the compressor assembly on the top). Dagwood no longer wears a hat when he goes to work, nor\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2513675\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie for Victory\",\n \"text\": \"of a military uniform. Dagwood returns to his home, with his wife, and isn’t bothered anymore by the Housewives of America. Blondie for Victory Blondie for Victory is a 1942 American film, and the 12th entry in the Blondie series. Blondie Bumstead forms a civilian defense group, ”Housewives of America”, by persuading her housewife neighbors to join. But the forming of the group creates trouble in her own household. Blondie’s husband Dagwood isn’t happy with coming home every night finding a note, saying that his wife is at a meeting with the housewives. And her son, Baby, is left on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16216171\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Horace Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"Asa Ware. Bumstead started his work at the school as a professor of natural science. After the sudden death of Ware in 1885, the University had a couple professors including Bumstead who acted as interim president until in 1888. Thereafter, Bumstead was named the second president of the university in 1888. After being granted this position, Bumstead began his fight for equal rights for African American education. Horace Bumstead Horace Bumstead ( September 1841- January 1919) was a Congregationalist minister and educator. He used his career to fight for African American education and became the second president of Atlanta University\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19518438\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kerry Norton-Smyser\",\n \"text\": \"actress Ellen Morgan. Around this time, Norton reached what she considered the peak of her radio career. Ron Beck, former producer of the Colgate-Palmolive shows, had entered into production with his own company. He obtained scripts of \\\"Blondie\\\", an American show based on Chic Young's comic strip of the same name, and set about producing an Australian version of them. Willie Fennell played Dagwood Bumstead, Blondie's rather put-upon husband, but competition for the title role was very keen. Norton won it from a large field of auditioning actresses. \\\"Blondie\\\" went to air in November 1951, but its run was not\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13962417\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie Has Servant Trouble\",\n \"text\": \"Blondie Has Servant Trouble Blondie Has Servant Trouble is a 1940 American film, the sixth of the series of 28 Blondie movies. Blondie proves to be a real nuisance to her husband Dagwood and causes domestic disturbance in the Bumstead home, when she insists on getting a maid. Dagwood is forced to take the request seriously, and asks his boss, J.C. Dithers, for a raise. As a rule, Dithers refuses the raise, but instead he offers Dagwood and his family a two-week stay at a country house, complete with servants. The house is the size of a palace, formerly owned\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16203290\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie Goes to College\",\n \"text\": \"Blondie Goes to College Blondie Goes to College is a 1942 Columbia comedy film directed by Frank R. Strayer. The film is a part of the \\\"Blondie\\\" series, starring Penny Singleton in the title role. This was the tenth of twenty-eight Blondie movies starring Penny Singleton and Arthur Lake. Dagwood Bumstead (Arthur Lake) is forced to receive a college diploma in order to remain a worker at the Dithers Construction Company. He goes to school with his wife Blondie (Penny Singleton), until they get the news married couples are not allowed. They decide to pretend they aren't a couple. A\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11817065\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie on a Budget\",\n \"text\": \"Blondie on a Budget Blondie on a Budget is a 1940 American comedy film directed by Frank R. Strayer and starring Penny Singleton, Arthur Lake and Rita Hayworth. It was the fifth entry into the long-running Blondie series of films, which ran between 1938 and 1950. Blondie Bumstead is having trouble balancing the family budget, particularly as she wants to buy a new fur coat. Her husband Dagwood also needs money for the membership fee of a fishing club he wants to join. Blondie becomes jealous when she finds Dagwood with an overfamiliar old friend, Joan Forrester, and begins to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17366754\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Horace Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"Horace Bumstead Horace Bumstead ( September 1841- January 1919) was a Congregationalist minister and educator. He used his career to fight for African American education and became the second president of Atlanta University (1888-1907). Bumstead was one of the first white men in the United States to fight for educational rights for African Americans. As a white man, he was condemned by many for taking on this role, but African Americans rallied behind his efforts and viewed him as a spokesman. Horace Bumstead was an achieving scholar throughout his life. He began his studies at Boston Latin School, where he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19518435\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie for Victory\",\n \"text\": \"Blondie for Victory Blondie for Victory is a 1942 American film, and the 12th entry in the Blondie series. Blondie Bumstead forms a civilian defense group, ”Housewives of America”, by persuading her housewife neighbors to join. But the forming of the group creates trouble in her own household. Blondie’s husband Dagwood isn’t happy with coming home every night finding a note, saying that his wife is at a meeting with the housewives. And her son, Baby, is left on his own all the time. The family dog, Daisy, roams freely around the house with no one to look after it.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16216165\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie Plays Cupid\",\n \"text\": \"so happy over the new source of income that he consents to Charlie marrying his daughter after all, and the Bumsteads finish their weekend holiday at the hospital, in peace and quiet. Blondie Plays Cupid Blondie Plays Cupid is a 1940 American comedy film starring Penny Singleton and Arthur Lake and directed by Frank R. Strayer. Also in the cast is Glenn Ford. It is the seventh of the 28 \\\"Blondie\\\" films Dagwood Bumstead has been caught possessing illegal fireworks and now he tries to make up for this by taking his wife Blondie to Aunt Hannah's ranch for 4\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15406960\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie Plays Cupid\",\n \"text\": \"Blondie Plays Cupid Blondie Plays Cupid is a 1940 American comedy film starring Penny Singleton and Arthur Lake and directed by Frank R. Strayer. Also in the cast is Glenn Ford. It is the seventh of the 28 \\\"Blondie\\\" films Dagwood Bumstead has been caught possessing illegal fireworks and now he tries to make up for this by taking his wife Blondie to Aunt Hannah's ranch for 4 July celebrations. The ranch is a peaceful place in the country, but trouble starts already on the way over there, when the Bumsteads board the wrong train and have to hitchhike most\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15406957\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arthur Lake (actor)\",\n \"text\": \"(1930). During this early sound film era, he typically played light romantic roles, usually with a comic \\\"Mama's Boy\\\" tone to them, in films such as \\\"Indiscreet\\\" (1931), which starred Gloria Swanson. He also had a substantial part as the bellhop in the 1937 film \\\"Topper\\\". Arthur Lake is best known for portraying the \\\"Blondie\\\" comic strip character of Dagwood Bumstead in twenty-eight Blondie films produced by Columbia Pictures from 1938 to 1950. He was also the voice of Dagwood on the radio series, which ran from 1938 to 1950, earning him a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4695573\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"and was youth team coach at Millwall. Charles Bumstead died in 1974 aged 52. Charles Bumstead Charles Henry Bumstead (8 January 1922 – 6 May 1974) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper in the Football League for Millwall and Crystal Palace. He also played non-league football for Dover Town and Bedford Town. Bumstead was born in Croydon, and began his career with Millwall, making 12 appearances between 1946 and 1948. In August 1948, he signed for Crystal Palace but did not make his debut until December, in a 1–0 home defeat to Newport County, going on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19054905\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bumstead Records\",\n \"text\": \"Manager's Forum. Bumstead Records has released records for The Trews, BOY, Yukon Blonde, Glen Stace and Two Hours Traffic. Bumstead Records Bumstead Records was originally a small record label in Edmonton, Alberta, founded by Larry Wanagas in 1979 and run primarily out of Homestead Recorders. Wanagas launched k.d. lang's career and continued for 15 years with many tours, multi-platinum sales, accolades and awards. The management arm of Bumstead Productions Ltd. has over the years represented a number of successful artists including Susan Aglukark, Big Sugar, The Blue Shadows (featuring Billy Cowsill), BOY, Erasure, Colin James, k.d. lang, Madeleine Peyroux, The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6170286\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie for Victory\",\n \"text\": \"scene and takes up camp at a nearby hotel, and comes visiting Dagwood in his home. When Dithers is at the Bumstead house, a soldier from the delegation by the name of Herschel Smith comes to look for his host. Seeing the soldier and aware of Dagwood’s predicament, Dithers comes up with a plan to disband the Housewives of America once and for all. He urges Dagwood to borrow the soldier’s uniform, and go to the camp where the women’s group are staying overnight on a training mission. Dagwood is to inform Blondie that he has enlisted in the army.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16216167\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"was popularized by Helen Kane's 1928 song \\\"I Wanna Be Loved by You.\\\" On February 17, 1933, after much fanfare and build-up, Blondie and Dagwood were married. After a month-and-a-half-long hunger strike by Dagwood to get his parents' blessing, as they strongly disapproved of his marrying beneath his class, they disinherited him. Left only with a check to pay for their honeymoon, the Bumsteads were forced to become a middle-class suburban family. The marriage was a significant media event, given the comic strip's popularity. The catalog for the University of Florida's 2005 exhibition, \\\"75 Years of Blondie, 1930–2005,\\\" notes: \\\"Dagwood\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2513670\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"a TV special focusing on newspaper comics that aired on CBS in 1980. They appeared in the beginning, singing a song to host Loni Anderson with other comic strip characters. Later on, after a short interview with Dean Young and Jim Raymond (who was drawing the strip at the time), they featured a short sequence where Blondie urges a reluctant Dagwood to get a haircut. The animation was produced by Bill Melendez Productions. An animated cartoon TV special featuring the characters was made in 1987 by Marvel Productions, (who had earlier collaborated with King Features for the animated series Defenders\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2513686\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"of the Earth, starring King Feature's adventure characters) and shown on CBS, with a second special, \\\"Second Wedding Workout\\\", telecast in 1989. Blondie was voiced by Loni Anderson, Dagwood by Frank Welker. Both animated specials are available on the fourth DVD of the \\\"Advantage Cartoon Mega Pack\\\". Both of these specials were paired with other comic strip-based specials; the first special was paired with a special based on \\\"Cathy\\\"; the second one was paired with \\\"Hägar the Horrible\\\". In Video (VHS) In UK: Leisureview Video In 1989. In the episode \\\"Comic Caper\\\" (season six episode six) of Jim Henson's Muppet\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2513687\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Penny Singleton\",\n \"text\": \"childhood, and actor Gene Raymond, and appeared on Broadway in Jack Benny's \\\"The Great Temptations\\\". She also toured in nightclubs and roadshows of plays and musicals. Singleton appeared as a nightclub singer in \\\"After the Thin Man\\\", and was credited at this time as Dorothy McNulty. She was cast opposite Arthur Lake (as Dagwood) in the feature film \\\"Blondie\\\" in 1938, based on the comic strip by Chic Young. They repeated their roles on a radio comedy beginning in 1939 and in guest appearances on other radio shows. As Dagwood and Blondie Bumstead, they proved so popular that a succession\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2304518\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Henry A. Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"campaign in the North Atlantic: In 1920 Bumstead was elected Chairman of the National Research Council. He was a member of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1896 Bumstead married Luetta Ullrich, daughter of John Ullrich, a banker of Decatur, Illinois. The couple had two children, John Henry (born 1897) and Eleanor (born 1902). John Henry became a medical doctor in 1923, after study at Johns Hopkins University. He later joined Yale Medical School. Eleanor married William E. Stevenson, a President of Oberlin College (1946–59). Henry A. Bumstead Henry Andrews Bumstead (March 12, 1870 – December 31, 1920)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12385690\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Albert H. Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"Admiral Richard Byrd and by the Navy aviators in the Arctic expedition led by Donald MacMillan. In addition, he developed a method for making marble bas-reliefs from photographs using a dual vision device, a prime with two reflecting surfaces. Albert died on January 9, 1940. Mount Bumstead in the Antarctic is named for him. Harvard University records indicate that Bumstead's father Horace Bumstead (1841–1919) was the son of Josiah Freeman Bumstead, a Boston merchant, and Lucy Douglas Willis Bumstead. He was educated at the Boston Latin School and Yale College (Class of 1863) and became a Congregationalist minister and educator.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17140432\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Henry A. Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"In 1905 Bumstead spent a sabbatical year at the Cavendish Laboratory. Performing an experiment suggested by J. J. Thomson, Bumstead examined the effect of X-rays (then called Röntgen rays) when applied to lead and zinc, finding that \\\"twice as much heat is produced in lead compared to zinc\\\". When Arthur Williams Wright retired in 1906, Bumstead became professor of physics at Yale College and Director of the Sloan Physics Laboratory. In World War I Bumstead was selected to serve as the head of the Scientific Section in London under Admiral William Sims, Commander of the American Forces countering the U-boat\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12385689\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Henry Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"the King Kong Kongfrontation ride designed by Alexander and Bob Ward, and several of the exterior set streets on the \\\"back lot.\\\" Henry Bumstead Lloyd Henry \\\"Bummy\\\" Bumstead (March 17, 1915 – May 24, 2006) was an American cinematic art director and production designer. In a career that spanned over fifty-five years he won two Academy Awards: the first for \\\"To Kill a Mockingbird\\\", and the second for \\\"The Sting\\\". In addition, he was nominated for Alfred Hitchcock's \\\"Vertigo\\\" and Clint Eastwood's \\\"Unforgiven\\\". Bumstead was born in Ontario, California and, following his graduation from University of Southern California, joined Paramount\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7928580\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Henry Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Bumstead Lloyd Henry \\\"Bummy\\\" Bumstead (March 17, 1915 – May 24, 2006) was an American cinematic art director and production designer. In a career that spanned over fifty-five years he won two Academy Awards: the first for \\\"To Kill a Mockingbird\\\", and the second for \\\"The Sting\\\". In addition, he was nominated for Alfred Hitchcock's \\\"Vertigo\\\" and Clint Eastwood's \\\"Unforgiven\\\". Bumstead was born in Ontario, California and, following his graduation from University of Southern California, joined Paramount Pictures in 1948. He learned his trade from Hans Dreier, with whom he worked on a number of films beginning with \\\"Saigon\\\".\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7928576\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"Charles Bumstead Charles Henry Bumstead (8 January 1922 – 6 May 1974) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper in the Football League for Millwall and Crystal Palace. He also played non-league football for Dover Town and Bedford Town. Bumstead was born in Croydon, and began his career with Millwall, making 12 appearances between 1946 and 1948. In August 1948, he signed for Crystal Palace but did not make his debut until December, in a 1–0 home defeat to Newport County, going on to make 16 appearances that season. Dick Graham was the first-choice 'keeper at the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19054903\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bumstead Records\",\n \"text\": \"Bumstead Records Bumstead Records was originally a small record label in Edmonton, Alberta, founded by Larry Wanagas in 1979 and run primarily out of Homestead Recorders. Wanagas launched k.d. lang's career and continued for 15 years with many tours, multi-platinum sales, accolades and awards. The management arm of Bumstead Productions Ltd. has over the years represented a number of successful artists including Susan Aglukark, Big Sugar, The Blue Shadows (featuring Billy Cowsill), BOY, Erasure, Colin James, k.d. lang, Madeleine Peyroux, The Modern Minds (featuring Moe Berg), Staggered Crossing and The Trews. Wanagas is currently a director with the International Music\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6170285\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"John Bumstead John Bumstead (born 27 November 1958) is an English former footballer who played as a midfielder in the Football League for Chelsea, where he spent most of his career, and Charlton Athletic. Bumstead (father of Matthew) started his career in the Chelsea youth set-up, and was well established in the first team before moving to the men's division by the time they won the Second Division title in the 1983-84 season - and with it promotion to the First Division. He helped them win the Full Members Cup in 1985-86 - when they also finished sixth in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7017026\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"time and Bumstead was restricted to three games in 1949–50, but made 24 appearances in 1950–51 when Graham's career was coming to an end. Graham retired through injury in 1951 and Bumstead began the next season as first-choice, but played only 10 times before signing for Dover Town (a forerunner of Dover Athletic) in November that year. He had made 53 League appearances (55 in all competitions) for Palace. Bumstead signed for Bedford Town in 1953 and went on to make 87 appearances in all competitions for the club. By 1957–8 he was known to have retired as a player\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19054904\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"letters, which preceded the title sequence in almost every film. Columbia was careful to maintain continuity, so each picture progressed from where the last one left off. Thus the Bumstead children grew from toddlers to young adults onscreen. Larry Simms played the Bumsteads' son in all the films; his character was originally called Baby Dumpling, and later became Alexander. Marjorie Kent (born Marjorie Ann Mutchie) joined the series in 1943 as daughter Cookie. Daisy had pups in the 12th feature, \\\"Blondie for Victory\\\" (1942). Danny Mummert, who had originally been chosen to play Baby Dumpling, took the continuing role of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2513682\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"doll cutouts, coffee mugs, cookie jars, neckties, lunchboxes, puzzles, games, Halloween costumes, Christmas ornaments, music boxes, refrigerator magnets, lapel pinbacks, greeting cards, and other products. In 2001, Dark Horse Comics issued two collectible figures of Dagwood and Blondie as part of their line of Classic Comic Characters—statues No. 19 and 20 respectively. A counter-service restaurant called Blondie's opened at Universal Orlando's Islands of Adventure in May 1999, serving a traditional Dagwood-style sandwich. In fact, Blondie's bills itself as \\\"Home of the Dagwood Sandwich.\\\" Lunch meats featuring Dagwood can be purchased at various grocery stores. On May 11, 2006, Dean Young\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2513689\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"over all he surveys, with one notable exception—his formidable and domineering wife, Cora. Blondie and Dagwood's best friends are their next-door neighbors Herb and Tootsie Woodley, although Dagwood and Herb's friendship is frequently volatile. Lou is the burly, tattooed owner of Lou's Diner, the less-than-five-star establishment where Dagwood often eats during his lunch hour. Other regular supporting characters include the long-suffering mailman, Mr. Beasley; Elmo Tuttle, a pesky neighborhood kid who often asks Dagwood to play; and a never-ending parade of overbearing door-to-door salesmen. There are several running gags in \\\"Blondie\\\", reflecting the trend after Chic Young's death for the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2513673\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Blondie (comic strip) Blondie is an American comic strip created by cartoonist Chic Young. The comic strip is distributed by King Features Syndicate, and has been published in newspapers since September 8, 1930. The success of the strip, which features the eponymous blonde and her sandwich-loving husband, led to the long-running \\\"Blondie\\\" film series (1938–1950) and the popular \\\"Blondie\\\" radio program (1939–1950). Chic Young drew \\\"Blondie\\\" until his death in 1973, when creative control passed to his son Dean Young, who continues to write the strip. Young has collaborated with a number of artists on \\\"Blondie\\\", including Jim Raymond, Mike\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2513668\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Albert H. Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"During the Civil War, Bumstead was commissioned as a Major for the 43rd regiment of the U.S. Colored Troops where he served from April 1864 to December 1865. He later joined the faculty of Atlanta University and served as their second president from 1888–1907. Albert H. Bumstead Albert Hoit Bumstead was an American cartographer and inventor. He was born in Minneapolis in 1875, and attended Worcester Academy for one year, graduating in 1894. His home at that time was Atlanta, Georgia. Albert went on to Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) and studied civil engineering. After WPI, he was a surveyor for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17140433\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Albert H. Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"Albert H. Bumstead Albert Hoit Bumstead was an American cartographer and inventor. He was born in Minneapolis in 1875, and attended Worcester Academy for one year, graduating in 1894. His home at that time was Atlanta, Georgia. Albert went on to Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) and studied civil engineering. After WPI, he was a surveyor for the U.S. Geological Survey. In 1910 he resided in Townsend Harbor, Massachusetts. In 1912, he was the topographer of the Yale University expedition to Peru, and by 1916 he was a cartographer at the National Geographic Society. Bumstead invented three sun compasses used by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17140431\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Eudora Stone Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"Eudora Stone Bumstead Eudora Stone Bumstead (August 26, 1860 – 1892) was an American poet and hymnwriter. She is remembered as \\\"the children's poet\\\". Along with several other young writers, including: C. A. Stephens, William S. Walsh, Robert M. Walsh, Helen Gray Cone, Eleanor C. Donnelly, Mary Sheldon Barnes, Theodora Robinson Jenness, F. (\\\"Fern\\\") Hamilton, and Edwin Roth Champlin (\\\"Clarence Fairfield\\\"), Bumstead got her start as a writer at \\\"Our Young Folks\\\". She began writing rhymes in childhood, and when ten years old was paid for a poem entitled, \\\"Signs of Spring\\\", which was published in \\\"Our Young Folks\\\", then\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20820624\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Eudora Stone Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"proved which did not stand the test of reason. The family lived in Beatrice, Nebraska before removing to Ontario, California with their daughter. She died in 1892, and was buried at Bellevue Memorial Park, Ontario. Their only son, died at the age of two-and-a-half years, but Bumstead did not write of the sadness occasioned by his loss, believing that it is better to spread light and gladness than clouds and sadness. Eudora Stone Bumstead Eudora Stone Bumstead (August 26, 1860 – 1892) was an American poet and hymnwriter. She is remembered as \\\"the children's poet\\\". Along with several other young\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20820627\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ann Barnes\",\n \"text\": \"Ann Barnes Ann Barnes (June 17, 1945 – September 13, 2005) was an actress and pop singer, best known for appearing as Cookie Bumstead on the short-lived television series \\\"Blondie\\\" (1957), based on the popular Chic Young comic strip. In the series executive-produced by Hal Roach, Arthur Lake reprised the role of Dagwood, first essayed in the feature films produced by Columbia Pictures in the 1930s–1940’s. “Blondie” was played in the TV series by Pamela Britton. Barnes played the Bumsteads' daughter as a bright, precocious girl, full of worldly wisdom, and terribly fond of cake. The energetic actress would often\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11758432\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Henry Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"he established relationships with George Roy Hill and Clint Eastwood, which began on \\\"Slaughterhouse-Five\\\" and \\\"High Plains Drifter\\\" respectively. He went on to work with both men on numerous films. Bumstead worked on many films during his career, including: \\\"Slap Shot\\\", \\\"A Little Romance\\\", \\\"The World According to Garp\\\", \\\"Cape Fear\\\", \\\"Unforgiven\\\", \\\"Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil\\\", \\\"Space Cowboys\\\", \\\"Mystic River\\\", and \\\"Million Dollar Baby\\\". \\\"Flags of Our Fathers\\\" (2006) and the companion film \\\"Letters from Iwo Jima\\\" (2007) were Bumstead's final two projects. Bumstead was 91 years old when he worked on these projects. He died\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7928578\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Bumstead and family, including Daisy and the pups, live in the suburbs of Joplin, Missouri,\\\" according to the August 1946 issue of \\\"The Joplin Globe\\\", citing Chic Young. The Bumstead family has grown, with the addition of a son named Alexander (originally \\\"Baby Dumpling\\\") on April 15, 1934, a daughter named Cookie on April 11, 1941, a dog, Daisy, and her litter of five unnamed pups. In the 1960s, Cookie and Alexander grew into teenagers (who uncannily resemble their parents), but they stopped growing during the 1960s when Young realized that they had to remain teenagers to maintain the family\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2513671\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"league. He remained with the club after their relegation in 1987-88 and collected a Second Division title medal the following season as they regained their First Division status at the first attempt. He would remain with Chelsea for another two seasons, making a total of 409 appearances and scoring 44 goals with The Blues, before being transferred to Charlton Athletic, where he spent two seasons before retiring from professional football in his 35th year. John Bumstead John Bumstead (born 27 November 1958) is an English former footballer who played as a midfielder in the Football League for Chelsea, where he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7017027\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Henry Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"Following Dreier's retirement in 1951 he worked with Hal Pereira, whom Paramount had brought in to replace Dreier. During these early years, Bumstead worked on numerous films, including \\\"My Friend Irma\\\", \\\"My Friend Irma Goes West\\\", and \\\"The Bridges at Toko-Ri\\\". However, his big break came in 1956 when he worked with Pereira on Alfred Hitchcock's remake of \\\"The Man Who Knew Too Much\\\". He went on to work on three further Hitchcock films: \\\"Vertigo\\\", \\\"Topaz\\\" and \\\"Family Plot\\\". In 1961, Bumstead left Paramount to join Universal Studios, where he formed a close partnership with Alexander Golitzen. Whilst at Universal\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7928577\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A&W Restaurants\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"real\\\" by the authorities at Linkedin. In 1998, the characters from the comic strip \\\"Blondie\\\", including Blondie and Dagwood Bumstead, were licensed for use at A&W franchisees as part of an \\\"All American Food\\\" campaign. In the 1960s, a character named Chubby Chicken appeared on all Chubby burgers. In early 2013, A&W introduced its first new product in several years: a six-ounce version of its soft-serve blended dessert treat. Mini Polar Swirls were the first product to be launched on Vine. The following summer, 250 of A&W's restaurants began hand-breading their chicken tenders, moving towards higher-quality menu items and expanding\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2012934\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Curtis (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"of February is also dedicated to Black History Month, in which Mrs. Nelson assigns her class to write about various African-American figures in history. \\\"Curtis\\\" featured Dagwood of the \\\"Blondie\\\" comic as part of the 75th anniversary celebration for \\\"Blondie\\\". Unlike \\\"Dennis the Menace\\\", \\\"Hi and Lois\\\", \\\"B.C.\\\", \\\"Family Circus\\\" or \\\"Baby Blues\\\", the other comic strips that participated in the anniversary crossover, \\\"Curtis\\\" took an extended storyline lasting from August 29 to September 3, like \\\"Hägar the Horrible\\\". Curtis was also featured in the 75th Anniversary strip on September 4. Curtis (comic strip) Curtis is a nationally syndicated comic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3662306\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Who Censored Roger Rabbit?\",\n \"text\": \"in the film, some of their characteristics, as well as the basic plot, are significantly different. The novel is set in the present day and in a strange universe in which real humans and cartoon characters co-exist. The cartoons of the novel are primarily comic strip characters, as opposed to animated cartoon stars, with famous strip characters making cameos, such as Dick Tracy, Snoopy, Dagwood and Blondie Bumstead, Beetle Bailey, and Hägar the Horrible. Strips are produced by photographing cartoon characters. In this version, \\\"toon\\\" characters speak in word balloons which appear above their heads as they talk. Although some\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1994790\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Eudora Stone Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"University. She was for a time a successful school teacher. While attending Nebraska State University, she met William T. Bumstead, whom she married in 1880. She has had little time for writing but when she did write, it was mostly for the child-readers of \\\"St. Nicholas Magazine\\\" and \\\"The Youth's Companion\\\", having been a special contributor to the latter for several years. Bumstead was of Quaker descent, and is like the Friends in her quiet tastes and sincere manners. She had few friends. Remarkably well-informed and having an analytic mind, she was a keen, though kindly, disputant, accepting nothing as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20820626\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Henry A. Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"Henry A. Bumstead Henry Andrews Bumstead (March 12, 1870 – December 31, 1920) was an American physicist who taught at Yale from 1897 to 1920. In 1918 he was scientific attache to the United States embassy in London. In 1920 he was Chairman of the National Research Council. Henry was a high school student in Decatur, Illinois. In 1887 he went to Johns Hopkins University, initially as a student in a pre-medical program. He studied mathematics with Fabian Franklin and took up an interest in that subject. He studied physics with Henry Augustus Rowland and found his calling there. In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12385687\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Henry A. Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"1891 he obtained the bachelor's degree and continued at Johns Hopkins as an assistant in the physics laboratory and a graduate student. He studied thermodynamics, electrostatics, and the electromagnetic theory of light. Henry Bumstead became an instructor at the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University in 1893, working with Charles S. Hastings. At the same time he became a student of Willard Gibbs, learning vector analysis and continuing the study of thermodynamics and the electromagnetic theory of light. He was awarded the Ph.D. in 1897, composing a thesis \\\"A Comparison of Electrodynamic Theories\\\". Bumstead became an assistant professor in 1900.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12385688\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bring Me the Head of Charlie Brown\",\n \"text\": \"Pen vomiting profusely in Violet's face, two biplanes colliding in midair, Dagwood Bumstead getting kicked in the groin by his wife, Blondie, which causes his head to pop off, resulting in another blood gush, Mickey Mouse getting hit over the head by a lead pipe, Rocky Balboa getting punched in the face by Popeye, and Godzilla squeezing Dr. Pepper out of a giant soda can. It ends with Charlie Brown announcing that \\\"Happiness is a warm \\\"uzi\\\"\\\" in a thick Germanic accent reminiscent of Arnold Schwarzenegger and a cut to him smoking a cigarette in bed with the Little Red-Haired\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9029323\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pamela Britton\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"D.O.A.\\\", also in 1950. She made her third film of the year in the Red Skelton vehicle, \\\"Watch the Birdie\\\" (1951). It was 19 years before she returned to the big screen. Britton portrayed the title role of the TV version of the Chic Young newspaper comic strip \\\"Blondie\\\" (1957), opposite Arthur Lake as her husband, \\\"Dagwood Bumstead\\\". Britton was married on April 8, 1943, in Texas, to Captain Arthur Steel after they met on a blind date arranged by one of her sisters. After the wedding, he was posted to Italy on active service while Britton remained working at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5557096\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fantasio\",\n \"text\": \"Prunelle. Fantasio Fantasio is a fictional character from the \\\"Spirou et Fantasio\\\" comic strip. He was introduced in 1944 by Jijé, who was then drawing Spirou's adventures. Fantasio is Spirou's best friend and co-adventurer, a graphic reporter with an uncontrolled imagination and a mop of blond hair. In his early incarnation, he was considerably taller than Spirou, with a clown-like demeanour, and his hairstyle resembled that of Blondie character Dagwood Bumstead. In the Franquin era, he and Spirou became more alike. He has an evil megalomaniac cousin, Zantafio, who is his sworn enemy but bears a strong physical resemblance to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6759043\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fantasio\",\n \"text\": \"Fantasio Fantasio is a fictional character from the \\\"Spirou et Fantasio\\\" comic strip. He was introduced in 1944 by Jijé, who was then drawing Spirou's adventures. Fantasio is Spirou's best friend and co-adventurer, a graphic reporter with an uncontrolled imagination and a mop of blond hair. In his early incarnation, he was considerably taller than Spirou, with a clown-like demeanour, and his hairstyle resembled that of Blondie character Dagwood Bumstead. In the Franquin era, he and Spirou became more alike. He has an evil megalomaniac cousin, Zantafio, who is his sworn enemy but bears a strong physical resemblance to him.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6759041\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Will Hutchins\",\n \"text\": \"Dagwood Bumstead in a CBS television version of the comic strip \\\"Blondie\\\". He travelled to South Africa to appear in \\\"Shangani Patrol\\\" (1970) playing Frederick Russell Burnham. Back in the US, Hutchins guest starred on \\\"Love, American Style\\\", \\\"Emergency!\\\", \\\"Chase\\\", \\\"Movin' On\\\", \\\"The Streets of San Francisco\\\", and \\\"The Quest\\\". He was in \\\"The Horror at 37,000 Feet\\\" (1973), \\\"Slumber Party '57\\\" (1976), and \\\"The Happy Hooker Goes to Washington\\\" (1977). He also began appearing in circuses. Hutchins had roles in \\\"Roar\\\" (1981), \\\"Gunfighter\\\" (1999) and \\\"The Romantics\\\" (2010). Hutchins was married to Chris Burnett, sister of Carol Burnett, with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6770579\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"does Blondie wear her previous hat and gloves when leaving the house. Although some bedroom and bathroom scenes still show him in polka-dot boxer shorts, Dagwood no longer wears garters to hold up his socks. When at home, he frequently wears sport shirts, his standard dress shirt with one large button in the middle is slowly disappearing, and he no longer smokes a pipe at all. Blondie now often wears slacks, and she is no longer depicted as a housewife since she teamed with Tootsie Woodley to launch a catering business in 1991. Dagwood still knocks heads with his boss,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2513676\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"radio; the \\\"Blondie\\\" radio program had a long run spanning several networks. Initially a 1939 summer replacement program for \\\"The Eddie Cantor Show\\\" (sponsored by Camel Cigarettes), \\\"Blondie\\\" was heard on CBS until June 1944, when it moved briefly to NBC. Returning to CBS later that year, \\\"Blondie\\\" continued there under a new sponsor (Colgate-Palmolive) until June 1949. In its final season, the series was heard on ABC from October 1949 to July 1950. Two \\\"Blondie\\\" TV sitcoms have been produced to date, each lasting only one season. Blondie and Dagwood made a brief animated appearance in \\\"The Fantastic Funnies\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2513685\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie's Holiday\",\n \"text\": \"Blondie's Holiday Blondie's Holiday is a 1947 black-and-white comedy film, directed by Abby Berlin. The film is based on the comic strip of the same name. The screenplay was written by Chic Young and Constance Lee. This was the twentieth of 28 films based on the comic strip; Columbia Pictures produced them from 1938 to 1943. Daisy, the dog, appeared in every film except this one, as he was playing \\\"Curley\\\" in the 1947 film \\\"Red Stallion\\\" Dagwood Bumstead is an architect who has managed to convince the prominent bank president Samuel Breckenridge to let his firm have the contract\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17285600\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (radio)\",\n \"text\": \"to the strip, like the appearance of Dagwood's famous sandwiches - and the running gag of Dagwood colliding with the mailman amid a flurry of letters, (which preceded the title sequence in almost every film). The films were typical of family-fare situational comedies of the period, and are endearingly funny in a low-key way. As the series progressed, the Bumstead children grew from toddlers to young adults onscreen. Larry Simms as Baby Dumpling (later known as Alexander) reprised his role in all the films. Daughter Cookie was played by three different child actresses, beginning in 1942 with her first appearance\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9296670\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"strip to focus almost entirely on Dagwood as the lead character: During the early years of the strip, the Sunday installments were much in the vein of the then-popular genre of \\\"pretty girl\\\" strips (including a variety of regular suitors), rather than spoofing them like in the daily continuities. Dagwood would actually not appear in a Sunday page until January 1, 1933. From 1930 to 1935, Young drew \\\"The Family Foursome\\\" as a topper, being replaced by the pantomime strip \\\"Colonel Potterby and the Duchess\\\", which ran until 1963 (becoming a stand-alone strip in 1958). For years, the Sunday installments\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2513674\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"situation structured into the strip for so many decades. Dagwood is the office manager at the office of the J. C. Dithers Construction Company under his dictatorial boss, Julius Caesar Dithers. Mr. Dithers is a \\\"sawed-off, tin pot Napoleon\\\" who is always abusing his employees, both verbally and physically. He frequently threatens to fire Dagwood when Dagwood inevitably botches or does not finish his work, sleeps on the job, comes in late, or pesters Dithers for a raise. Dithers characteristically responds by kicking Dagwood in the backside and ordering him back to work. The tyrannical Dithers is lord and master\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2513672\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Henry Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"before either film was released into theaters, and \\\"Flags of Our Fathers\\\" was dedicated to him (the credit dedicates the film to him using his nickname \\\"Bummy\\\".) Bumstead was also instrumental in the design of several theme park attractions and exterior sets at Universal Studios Hollywood and Florida. For Universal Hollywood, he served as set designer for the King Kong attraction (1986) and also assembled the art direction team for the design of Universal Studios Florida where he worked under theme park designer Peter Alexander. For Universal Florida, \\\"Bummy\\\" personally designed (although with his associate Bill Tuntke) the sets for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7928579\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Horace Bumstead\",\n \"text\": \"achievement was his Doctor of Divinity Degree from New York University in 1881. After graduating from Yale in 1863, the Civil War began in America. His military science degree led him to the immediate commission as a major of the 43rd United States Colored Infantry from April 1864 to December 1865, with whom he served at Richmond, Petersburg, and Brownsville. The 43rd Regiment of the U.S. Colored Infantry troops was discharged at Philadelphia on November 30, 1865. In 1875, Bumstead became part of the faculty of Atlantic University, joining his Yale classmate and the first president of the university, Edmund\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19518437\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"each morning racing to meet his carpool rather than chasing after a missed streetcar or city bus. Even Mr. Beasley, the mail carrier, now dresses in short-sleeve shirts and walking shorts, rather than the military-style uniform of days gone by. During the late 1990s and 2000–2001, Alexander worked part-time after high school at the order counter of a fast food restaurant, the Burger Barn. There are still occasional references to Cookie and her babysitting. Daisy, who once had a litter of puppies that lived with the family, is now the only dog seen in the Bumstead household. Cookie and Alexander\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2513678\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arthur Lake (actor)\",\n \"text\": \"at 6646 Hollywood Blvd. Many of the actors on the radio show noted Lake's commitment to the program, stating that on the day of the broadcast, Lake \\\"was\\\" Dagwood Bumstead. Far from being upset about being typecast, Lake continued to embrace the role of Dagwood in a short-lived 1957 \\\"Blondie\\\" TV series, then even into the 1960s and beyond; he would often give speeches to Rotary clubs and other civic organizations, eagerly posing for pictures with a Dagwood sandwich. Lake became very friendly with newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst and his mistress Marion Davies. He was a frequent guest at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4695574\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"can be seen in modern clothing trends and sometimes use cellphones, reference current television shows and social networking sites, while talking about attending rock concerts of popular current Rock, Pop, and Hip Hop music acts. In this period, when in his basement woodworking shop, Dagwood was shown wearing safety eyeglasses. Dagwood sometimes breaks the fourth wall by delivering the punchline to the strip while looking directly at the reader, as in the above panel. Daisy occasionally does the same, though her remarks are limited to \\\"?\\\" and \\\"!\\\" with either a puzzled or a pained expression. Strips in recent years\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2513679\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"have included references to recent developments in technology and communication, such as Facebook, Twitter, email, and text messaging. In 2005, the strip celebrated its 75th anniversary with an extended story arc in which characters from other strips, including \\\"Curtis\\\", \\\"Garfield\\\", \\\"Beetle Bailey\\\", and \\\"Hägar the Horrible\\\", made appearances in \\\"Blondie\\\". The strip \\\"Pearls Before Swine\\\" made fun of the fact that their cast was not invited, and decided to invite themselves. This cross-over promotion began July 10, 2005 and continued until September 4, 2005. \\\"Blondie\\\" has been translated to various languages, including a French version that appeared in Canada. \\\"Blondie\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2513680\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (radio)\",\n \"text\": \"Blondie (radio) Blondie is a radio situation comedy adapted from the long-run \\\"Blondie\\\" comic strip by Chic Young. The radio program had a long run on several networks from 1939 to 1950. After Penny Singleton was cast in the title role of the feature film \\\"Blondie\\\" (1938), co-starring with Arthur Lake as Dagwood (the first in a series of 28 produced by Columbia Pictures); she and Lake repeated their roles December 20, 1938, on \\\"The Pepsodent Show starring Bob Hope\\\". The appearance with Hope led to their own show, beginning July 3, 1939, on CBS as a summer replacement for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9296665\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Li'l Abner\",\n \"text\": \"on both salami and Salome. Parody characters include Hop-Eye De Sailor, a parody of Popeye the Sailor, Little Orphan Andy (Little Orphan Annie); Bagwood Bumphead (Dagwood Bumstead), Rip Derby (Rip Kirby), Manrank the Musician (Mandrake the Magician), Little Danny Rooney (Little Annie Rooney), Icky (Twiggy), and Goon Mullins (Moon Mullins). \\\"Li'l Abner\\\" also featured a comic strip-within-the-strip: \\\"Fearless Fosdick\\\" was a parody of Chester Gould's plainclothes detective, \\\"Dick Tracy\\\". It first appeared in 1942, and proved so popular that it ran intermittently in \\\"Li'l Abner\\\" over the next 35 years. Gould was also personally parodied in the series as cartoonist\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1876807\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Florence Lake\",\n \"text\": \"Hollywood to get into the burgeoning film industry. Arthur changed his professional name to Arthur Lake and later achieved great success as \\\"Dagwood Bumstead\\\" in the \\\"Blondie\\\" movie series. Florence was petite, with a high-pitched speaking voice. She perfected a comical singsong delivery that established her in \\\"dumb\\\" roles. She personified flightiness in the Kennedy shorts, as the scatterbrained Mrs. Kennedy. After the series ended upon Kennedy's death in 1948, she continued to play character roles in films and television. Her best-known TV role was Jenny, the Calverton telephone operator in \\\"Lassie\\\". Lake played the role for the entire ten\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8472564\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Golden Age of Comic Books\",\n \"text\": \"into the 21st century. The educational comic book \\\"Dagwood Splits the Atom\\\" used characters from the comic strip \\\"Blondie\\\". According to historian Michael A. Amundson, appealing comic-book characters helped ease young readers' fear of nuclear war and neutralize anxiety about the questions posed by atomic power. It was during this period that long-running humor comics debuted, including EC's \\\"Mad\\\" and Carl Barks' Uncle Scrooge in Dell's \\\"Four Color Comics\\\" (both in 1952). In 1953, the comic book industry hit a setback when the United States Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency was created in order to investigate the problem of juvenile\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1321937\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Patricia Lake\",\n \"text\": \"radio sitcom \\\"Blondie\\\" in the mid-1940s, Lake replaced her as the voice of Blondie Bumstead for the remaining five years of the show, opposite her real-life husband Arthur Lake, who played Blondie's spouse, Dagwood. In 1954, Lake also co-starred with her husband in an early television sitcom he created called \\\"Meet the Family\\\". Lake was selected by the Motion Picture Publicists Association to be one of the MPPA 'Baby Stars' of 1940, an award similar to the WAMPAS Baby Stars selections of 1922 through 1934. Patricia Lake Patricia Van Cleeve Lake (between 1919 and 1923 – October 3, 1993), known\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6119952\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Penny Singleton\",\n \"text\": \"Penny Singleton Penny Singleton (born Marianna Dorothy Agnes Letitia McNulty, September 15, 1908 – November 12, 2003) was an American actress. During her 60-year career, Singleton appeared as the comic-strip heroine Blondie Bumstead in a series of 28 motion pictures from 1938 until 1950 and the popular \\\"Blondie\\\" radio program from 1939 until 1950. Singleton also provided the voice of Jane Jetson in the animated series \\\"The Jetsons\\\". For her contributions to both radio and the motion-picture industry, in 1960, Singleton was honored with two stars as she was inducted to the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The star for radio\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2304516\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie Has Servant Trouble\",\n \"text\": \"to Batterson, the former owner of the house. The clip also says that Eric claims to be the rightful heir to the estate and the house. When Blondie hears about this she regrets that she asked for servants in the first place. Dagwood sets out to catch Eric, and succeeds just in time to prevent the man from stabbing his own wife Blondie in the back. When the press hears about the events that lead to Eric’s capture, they name Dagwood a hero, and he finally gets his raise from his boss. Blondie Has Servant Trouble Blondie Has Servant Trouble\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16203293\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arthur Lake (actor)\",\n \"text\": \"many suspects in a case that remains unsolved. Lake died of a heart attack in Indian Wells, California, on January 9, 1987, and was interred in the Hollywood Forever Cemetery, in the Douras family mausoleum, along with actress Marion Davies and her husband, Horace G. Brown. Lake's widow Patricia was interred there upon her death in 1993. Arthur Lake (actor) Arthur Lake (born Arthur Silverlake Jr., April 17, 1905 – January 9, 1987) was an American actor known best for bringing Dagwood Bumstead, the bumbling husband of \\\"Blondie\\\", to life in film, radio and television. Lake was born in 1905,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4695576\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arthur Lake (actor)\",\n \"text\": \"Arthur Lake (actor) Arthur Lake (born Arthur Silverlake Jr., April 17, 1905 – January 9, 1987) was an American actor known best for bringing Dagwood Bumstead, the bumbling husband of \\\"Blondie\\\", to life in film, radio and television. Lake was born in 1905, when his father and uncle were touring with a circus in an aerial act known as \\\"The Flying Silverlakes\\\". His mother, Edith Goodwin, was an actress. His parents later appeared in vaudeville in a skit \\\"Family Affair\\\", traveling throughout the South and Southwest United States. Arthur first appeared on stage as a baby in Uncle Tom's Cabin\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4695571\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hanley Stafford\",\n \"text\": \"Hanley Stafford Hanley Stafford (born Alfred John Austin 22 September 1899 in Hanley, England, United Kingdom; died 9 September 1968, Los Angeles, California, USA) was an actor principally on radio. He is remembered best for playing Lancelot Higgins on \\\"The Baby Snooks Show\\\". Stafford also assumed the role of Mr. Dithers, the boss of Dagwood Bumstead on the \\\"Blondie\\\" radio program. He is commemorated by a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Stafford emigrated from England to Winnipeg, Manitoba in 1911. He enlisted in the 43rd Battalion of the Canadian Scottish Infantry in 1915, was wounded in the Third\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8937636\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (radio)\",\n \"text\": \"Family\\\". In its final season, the series was on ABC as a Sustaining Program from October 6, 1949, to July 6, 1950, first airing Thursdays at 8pm and then (from May) 8:30pm. The radio show ended the same year as the \\\"Blondie\\\" film series (1938–50). Others in the cast: Leone Ledoux (Alexander and Cookie Bumstead), Tommy Cook (Alexander as of May 1943), Larry Sims (Alexander as of Summer 1946), Jeffrey Silver (Alexander by 1949), Marlene Aames (Cookie by 1946), Norma Jean Nilsson (Cookie in 1947), Joan Rae (Cookie after 1947), Hanley Stafford (J.C. Dithers), Elvia Allman (Mrs. Dithers), Frank Nelson\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9296668\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (1938 film)\",\n \"text\": \"Ross Ford. Twenty-eight films were produced by Columbia Pictures between 1938 and 1950: \\\"Blondie Goes to Hollywood,\\\" by Carol Lynn Scherling. Albany, 2010. BearManor Media. . Blondie (1938 film) Blondie is a 1938 movie directed by Frank Strayer, based on the comic strip of the same name, created by Chic Young. The screenplay was written by Richard Flournoy. This was the first of 28 films based on the comic strip; Columbia Pictures produced them from 1938 to 1943, and popular demand brought them back in 1945. When the \\\"Blondie\\\" film series came to an end with \\\"Beware of Blondie\\\" in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2901404\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (1938 film)\",\n \"text\": \"Blondie (1938 film) Blondie is a 1938 movie directed by Frank Strayer, based on the comic strip of the same name, created by Chic Young. The screenplay was written by Richard Flournoy. This was the first of 28 films based on the comic strip; Columbia Pictures produced them from 1938 to 1943, and popular demand brought them back in 1945. When the \\\"Blondie\\\" film series came to an end with \\\"Beware of Blondie\\\" in 1950, it was announced that it would be replaced with a series of \\\"Gasoline Alley\\\" movies. However, only two such films were made, \\\"Gasoline Alley\\\" (1951)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2901402\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Blue Shadows\",\n \"text\": \"previously worked with Barney Bentall and The Payolas. The name of the group, suggested by Hatcher's wife, was based on the song \\\"Blue Shadows On The Trail\\\" by Sons of the Pioneers. The group was initially managed by Larry Wanagas and David Chesney, who also managed k.d. lang and owned Bumstead Records, through which lang's early recordings were released. The group was eventually signed to Sony Music. The group's first album, \\\"On The Floor of Heaven\\\", released on Bumstead Records and distributed by Sony, was certified gold in Canada, for sales in excess of 50,000 copies. The group generated the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18576034\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Comic strip\",\n \"text\": \"of popular strips - particularly in Spanish - are primarily read over the internet) and ever-shrinking newspaper space. One particularly humorous example of such promotional efforts is the Great Comic Strip Switcheroonie, held in 1997 on April Fool's Day, an event in which dozens of prominent artists took over each other's strips. \\\"Garfield\\\"’s Jim Davis, for example, switched with \\\"Blondie\\\"’s Stan Drake, while Scott Adams (\\\"Dilbert\\\") traded strips with Bil Keane (\\\"The Family Circus\\\"). Even the United States Postal Service got into the act, issuing a series of commemorative stamps marking the comic-strip centennial in 1996. While the Switcheroonie was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"70123\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Comic Strip\",\n \"text\": \"The Comic Strip The Comic Strip is a group of British comedians who came to prominence in the 1980s. They are known for their television series The Comic Strip Presents... which was labelled as a pioneering example of the alternative comedy scene. The core members are Adrian Edmondson, Dawn French, Rik Mayall, Nigel Planer, Peter Richardson, Jennifer Saunders and Alexei Sayle, with frequent appearances by Keith Allen, Robbie Coltrane, Lanah P and others. Two double acts, Adrian Edmondson and Rik Mayall under the name \\\"20th Century Coyote\\\" and Nigel Planer and Peter Richardson as \\\"The Outer Limits\\\", started performing at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1837121\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Marvin (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"won the Heisman Trophy and climbed Mount Kilimanjaro. He is six feet five inches tall and very manly. Barbie Purfect is a blonde housewife who attended cooking school in Paris, was a cheerleader, class president and sorority president. Rodney Purfect II is two and a half years old but reads at a third grade level, performed his piano composition for Queen Elizabeth II and was potty trained at 6 months. He also has blond hair. In 2005, Marvin guest starred in the comic strip \\\"Blondie\\\" for its 75th anniversary. Marvin (comic strip) Marvin, later called Marvin & Family, is a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1562788\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie Goes to College\",\n \"text\": \"dilemma starts when Laura Wadsworth (Janet Blair) begins to flirt with Dagwood and Big Man on Campus Rusty Bryant (Larry Parks) does the same with Blondie. Even more problems come to Blondie when she discovers she is pregnant. Afraid to tell Dagwood out of fear for expulsion, she decides to keep it a secret. Blondie Goes to College Blondie Goes to College is a 1942 Columbia comedy film directed by Frank R. Strayer. The film is a part of the \\\"Blondie\\\" series, starring Penny Singleton in the title role. This was the tenth of twenty-eight Blondie movies starring Penny Singleton\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11817066\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie on a Budget\",\n \"text\": \"suspect that they are having an affair. After Dagwood wins money in a competition he decides to buy Blondie a fur coat, but uses Joan to try it on for size. Blondie sees them in the shop together and mistakenly thinks he is buying it for Joan. She decides to leave Dagwood for good, only to have a last minute change of heart. Blondie on a Budget Blondie on a Budget is a 1940 American comedy film directed by Frank R. Strayer and starring Penny Singleton, Arthur Lake and Rita Hayworth. It was the fifth entry into the long-running Blondie\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17366755\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"wiseguy neighbor Alvin Fuddle. Rounding out the regular supporting cast, character actor Jonathan Hale played Dagwood's irascible boss, J.C. Dithers. Hale left the series in 1945 and was succeeded by Jerome Cowan as George M. Radcliffe in \\\"Blondie's Big Moment\\\". In the last film, \\\"Beware of Blondie\\\", the Dithers character returned, played by Edward Earle and shown from the back. The Bumsteads' neighbors, the Woodleys, did not appear in the series until \\\"Beware of Blondie\\\". They were played by Emory Parnell and Isabel Withers. In 1943 Columbia felt the series was slipping, and ended the string with \\\"It's a Great\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2513683\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Memory Banks (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Memory Banks (comic strip) Memory Banks was the name given to a comic cartoon strip created by Mark Bennington, which appeared in \\\"Whizzer and Chips\\\" and then went on to appear in \\\"Buster\\\". The cartoon strip was about a boy called Bernie Banks, who had a very bad memory. The name of the strip was an ironic and sarcastic take on this. Despite several tricks tried by himself and other people, he would always fail to remember something important which is what provided the main plot of each strip. In the final issue of \\\"Buster\\\", it was revealed that he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13144092\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Life\\\" and \\\"Footlight Glamour\\\", deliberately omitting \\\"Blondie\\\" from the titles to attract unwary moviegoers. After 14 Blondies, stars Singleton and Lake moved on to other productions. During their absence from the screen, Columbia heard from many exhibitors and fans who wanted the Blondies back. The studio reactivated the series, which ran another 14 films until discontinued permanently in 1950. Because there was still some demand from movie theaters, Columbia began reissuing the older films, beginning with the 1938 \\\"Blondie\\\", and continued to release them in their original sequence well into the 1950s. Singleton and Lake reprised their film roles for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2513684\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Heart of the City (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Heart of the City (comic strip) Heart of the City is a comic strip by Mark Tatulli. It began syndication by Universal Press Syndicate on November 23, 1998, and is still running. It is currently syndicated by the Newspaper Enterprise Association (a division of Andrews McMeel Syndication, parent company of Universal Press Syndicate). It centers on a young girl, named Heart, who lives somewhere in Philadelphia. (One 2004 strip shows her home address as 1512 Spruce Street) In typical comic strip format, characters do not age but the world around them is shown to change. For example, Dean was seen\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10795232\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["boopadoop"],"string":"[\n \"boopadoop\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":283,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"whose autobiography is entitled the wheel of fortune?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (1951 song)","text":"Wheel of Fortune (1951 song) \"Wheel of Fortune\" is a popular song written by Bennie Benjamin and George David Weiss and published in 1951. It is best remembered in the 1952 hit version by Kay Starr. The song was originally recorded in 1951, for RCA by Johnny Hartman, and about the same time for Crescendo Records by Al Costello with the Walter Scott Orchestra. Several hit versions of \"Wheel of Fortune\" were released in 1952. The first chart hit was by the Eddie Wilcox Orchestra featuring Sunny Gale, whose version reached number 2 on the R&B chart and number 13","psg_id":"5198771"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (1951 song)","text":"on the pop chart. The most successful version was by Kay Starr, whose recording reached number 1 in the US pop chart in March 1952, staying there for ten weeks. Other hit versions in 1952 came from Dinah Washington (number 3, R&B), Bobby Wayne (number 6, pop), The Cardinals (number 6, R&B), and The Bell Sisters (number 10, pop). The song was also used as the theme to the television series \"Wheel of Fortune\". Wheel of Fortune (1951 song) \"Wheel of Fortune\" is a popular song written by Bennie Benjamin and George David Weiss and published in 1951. It is","psg_id":"5198772"},{"title":"Carcassonne: Wheel of Fortune","text":"Carcassonne: Wheel of Fortune Carcassonne: Wheel of Fortune 2009 is a tile-based German-style board game developed by Klaus-Jürgen Wrede and distributed by Hans im Glück in German and Rio Grande Games in English. It is considered a game in the \"Carcassonne\" series, and is considered both as a standalone game as well as an expansion set to \"Carcassonne\". As \"Wheel of Fortune\" is a \"standalone expansion\" of \"Carcassonne\", \"Wheel of Fortune\" plays identically to \"Carcassonne\". \"Wheel of Fortune\" includes all of the tiles, except the starting tile, present in \"Carcassonne\", as well as the tiles from all expansions that do","psg_id":"14125008"},{"title":"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)","text":"The Wheel of Fortune (novel) \"The Wheel of Fortune\" (1984) is a novel by Susan Howatch and recounts the trials and tribulations of a fictitious British family, the Godwins, who appear to be part of the minor aristocracy. As the title of the novel and Boethius' comments on Fortune as printed on the first page of the very first part suggest, defying the ravages of time and fate forms a central theme to this novel, where the six primary characters seek to challenge fate or to make their own destinies regardless of the social norms or circumstances of the time.","psg_id":"19505573"},{"title":"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)","text":"Gaunt) and Henry IV's eldest son King Henry V. The Wheel of Fortune (novel) \"The Wheel of Fortune\" (1984) is a novel by Susan Howatch and recounts the trials and tribulations of a fictitious British family, the Godwins, who appear to be part of the minor aristocracy. As the title of the novel and Boethius' comments on Fortune as printed on the first page of the very first part suggest, defying the ravages of time and fate forms a central theme to this novel, where the six primary characters seek to challenge fate or to make their own destinies regardless","psg_id":"19505591"},{"title":"Carcassonne: Wheel of Fortune","text":"wheel score three points, except when there is only one follower on a wheel space that has two spaces on the rim, in which the follower scores six points. Followers on the wheel at the end of the game are not worth any points. Once scored, followers on the wheel are returned to their owners. \"Wheel of Fortune\" is fully compatible with \"Carcassonne\" and its expansions - when combined with \"Carcassonne\", only one set of player pieces (provided with both games) is used. \"Wheel of Fortune\" tiles are differentiated from \"Carcassonne\" tiles with a distinct logo on every tile, as","psg_id":"14125011"},{"title":"Carcassonne: Wheel of Fortune","text":"with all other \"Carcassonne\" expansions. \"Carcassonne: Wheel of Fortune\" was also packaged and released as part of \"Carcassonne Big Box 5\" in 2014. Also included in the set were the Carcassonne expansions \"Inns & Cathedrals\", \"Traders & Bulders\", \"Hills & Sheep\", and \"The River\". Carcassonne: Wheel of Fortune Carcassonne: Wheel of Fortune 2009 is a tile-based German-style board game developed by Klaus-Jürgen Wrede and distributed by Hans im Glück in German and Rio Grande Games in English. It is considered a game in the \"Carcassonne\" series, and is considered both as a standalone game as well as an expansion set","psg_id":"14125012"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (house)","text":"it in 1910. The house's name comes from a piece of land by the same name located along Muddy Branch south of Leipsic. While local lore claims the land was named as a play on owner John Chance's name, it was known as Wheel of Fortune at least three years before Chance acquired the land in 1738. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. Wheel of Fortune (house) Wheel of Fortune is a historic home located near Leipsic, Delaware. It was built in the 18th century, and is a two-story, five-bay, one room deep whitewashed","psg_id":"14521218"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (Tarot card)","text":"wheel, alternating with the letters T-A-R-O are the Hebrew letters י-ה-ו-ה, usually transliterated as YHWH (Yahweh), the name of the God of Israel. A common aspect to most interpretations of this card within a reading is to introduce an element of change in the querent's life, such change being in station, position or fortune: such as the rich becoming poor, or the poor becoming rich. In the Mythic Tarot deck, the Wheel of Fortune is depicted by the Fates. Wheel of Fortune (Tarot card) Wheel of Fortune (X) is the tenth trump or Major Arcana card in most Tarot decks.","psg_id":"4944154"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune video games","text":"Wheel of Fortune video games Wheel of Fortune is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin, premiering in 1975 with a syndicated version airing in 1983. Since 1986, the syndicated version has been adapted into various video games spanning numerous hardware generations. Most versions released in the 20th century were published by GameTek, which filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 1998. An Atari 2600 adaptation of \"Wheel of Fortune\" was planned by The Great Game Co. in 1983, but ended up being cancelled during development. In 1987 the first of GameTek's many \"Wheel\" games was published, with","psg_id":"5443991"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (horse)","text":"a ranking of the best British racehorses of the 19th century. Wheel of Fortune was ranked in the top ten by eleven of the contributors, placing her twenty-sixth among all horses and making her the fifth highest-rated filly or mare behind Virago, Plaisanterie, Crucifix and Blink Bonny. Fred Archer was reported to have considered her the best filly or mare he ever rode. Wheel of Fortune was retired to stud by her owner at the end of 1879. In early 1884 Lord Falmouth abandoned his interest in racing and sold off all his horses. Wheel of Fortune was bought for","psg_id":"16333082"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (horse)","text":"5500 guineas by the Duke of Portland and was moved to the Duke's stud at Welbeck Abbey where she was still living in 1900. As a broodmare her record was initially disappointing, although she did produce Oberon, the winner of the Lincolnshire Handicap in 1887. Through her daughter Donna Fortuna, however, she became the direct ancestor of many good German Thoroughbreds including the Deutsches Derby winners Zauberer and Navarino. Wheel of Fortune died in November 1903. Wheel of Fortune (horse) Wheel of Fortune (1876 – November 1903) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. In a career that lasted from","psg_id":"16333083"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (Tarot card)","text":"Wheel of Fortune (Tarot card) Wheel of Fortune (X) is the tenth trump or Major Arcana card in most Tarot decks. It is used in game playing as well as in divination. The card pictured is the \"Wheel Of Fortune\" card from the A. E. Waite tarot deck. A. E. Waite was a key figure in the development of the Tarot in line with the Hermetic magical-religious system which was also being developed at the time, and this deck, as well as being in common use today, also forms the basis for a number of other modern tarot decks. The","psg_id":"4944150"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (Australian game show)","text":"Wheel of Fortune (Australian game show) Wheel of Fortune is an Australian television game show produced by Grundy Television (until 2006). The program aired on the Seven Network from 1981 to 2004 and January to July 2006 and is mostly based on the same general format as the original American version of the program. After \"Wheel of Fortune\" ended, the format was revived by the Nine Network in 2008 as \"Million Dollar Wheel of Fortune\", until it was cancelled in June 2008 due to low ratings and following arguments from long-time host John Burgess concerning why he did not like","psg_id":"7232233"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune video games","text":"to be manufactured by International Game Technology. Neither game features Sajak nor White, and both games support only one player. A \"Wheel of Fortune\" pinball machine was released in the fall of 2007 and was developed by Stern Pinball. It was designed by Kevin O'Connor and Margaret Hudson, and features the voices of Sajak and O'Donnell. Although White does appear with Sajak on the marquee, her voice is never heard in the game. Wheel of Fortune video games Wheel of Fortune is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin, premiering in 1975 with a syndicated version airing in","psg_id":"5444004"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (horse)","text":"of Fortune she also produced the 1000 Guineas winner Spinaway (the dam of Busybody) and was the direct female ancestor of many good horses including The Derby winners My Babu and Larkspur and the Belmont Stakes winner Celtic Ash. Falmouth sent the filly to be trained at Heath House stable by Mathew Dawson. She was ridden in most of her races by Fred Archer the thirteen times Champion Jockey. At Dawson's stables, Wheel of Fortune was noted for her enormous appetite and particular fondness for oranges, nuts and meat-pies. Wheel of Fortune made her first appearance in July when she","psg_id":"16333074"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (horse)","text":"Wheel of Fortune (horse) Wheel of Fortune (1876 – November 1903) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. In a career that lasted from July 1878 to August 1879 she ran eleven times and won ten races. She was the best British two-year-old of either sex in 1878, when she went unbeaten in six races. The following year she won the 1000 Guineas, The Oaks, the Prince of Wales's Stakes and the Yorkshire Oaks before being injured when suffering her only defeat. She was retired from racing at the end of 1879 and became a modestly successful broodmare. Wheel of","psg_id":"16333072"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (horse)","text":"Fortune was regarded by contemporary experts as one of the best racemares of the 19th century. Wheel of Fortune was a small but \"beautiful\" bay filly standing just over 15 hands high, bred at Mereworth by her owner Evelyn Boscawen, 6th Viscount Falmouth. Her sire, Adventurer won the Gold Vase at Royal Ascot and two runnings of the City and Suburban Handicap at Epsom. At stud, his other winners included the Fillies' Triple Crown winner Apology. Wheel of Fortune's dam, Queen Bertha, won the Oaks in 1863 and went on to become a successful and influential broodmare. Apart from Wheel","psg_id":"16333073"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (house)","text":"Wheel of Fortune (house) Wheel of Fortune is a historic home located near Leipsic, Delaware. It was built in the 18th century, and is a two-story, five-bay, one room deep whitewashed brick dwelling in the Georgian style. It has a gable roof and the front facade features a one-bay entrance portico. It has a two-story rear wing, that originally contained a kitchen and servants quarters. Also on the property are a contributing meat house and milk house. The property was owned by Congressman John A. Nicholson (1827-1906) before 1888, and later by U.S. Senator James H. Hughes (1867-1953), who purchased","psg_id":"14521217"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (Ace of Base song)","text":"Wheel of Fortune (Ace of Base song) \"Wheel of Fortune\" is a song by Swedish pop group Ace of Base, and also their debut single. It was first released in the Nordics in April 1992 through Danish Mega Records as the first single from the album \"Happy Nation\". It was re-released worldwide in April 1993 after the success of \"All That She Wants\". The single peaked within the top 10 in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain and Switzerland. And within the top 20 in Finland, Iceland, Ireland and the UK. \"Wheel Of Fortune\" is a reggae tinged","psg_id":"9328807"},{"title":"Carcassonne: Wheel of Fortune","text":"not involve any new mechanics (primarily from \"Carcassonne: Inns and Cathedrals\", \"Carcassonne: Traders and Builders\", and \"Carcassonne: King and Scout\"). However, certain tiles have additional markings significant to this expansion. The new feature of \"Wheel of Fortune\" is the namesake wheel, which takes the place of the starting tile. The wheel consists of a number of spaces, and players, in place of placing followers on the tile they just played, may place tiles on spaces along the rim of the wheel. Each space on the wheel may have one or two spaces on the rim. In addition, a pig-shaped marker","psg_id":"14125009"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (1952 game show)","text":"Melbourne version of \"Tell the Truth\". Wheel of Fortune (1952 game show) Wheel of Fortune is an American game show which ran from 1952 to 1953 on CBS in both daytime (October 3, 1952 – December 25, 1953) and nighttime (July 7 – September 15, 1953). It was presented by Todd Russell and narrated by Hal Sims. Another American game show also titled Wheel of Fortune, that was produced by Merv Griffin and which debuted in 1975, had no connection to the original 1952 game show, although both followed a similar type of format, featuring cash and prizes that could","psg_id":"8540385"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (1952 game show)","text":"Wheel of Fortune (1952 game show) Wheel of Fortune is an American game show which ran from 1952 to 1953 on CBS in both daytime (October 3, 1952 – December 25, 1953) and nighttime (July 7 – September 15, 1953). It was presented by Todd Russell and narrated by Hal Sims. Another American game show also titled Wheel of Fortune, that was produced by Merv Griffin and which debuted in 1975, had no connection to the original 1952 game show, although both followed a similar type of format, featuring cash and prizes that could be won by contestants, and both","psg_id":"8540378"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)","text":"show, with contestants given the chance to spin the wheel to win a jackpot prize. Since 1996, over 200 slot games based on the show have been created, both for real-world casinos and those on the Internet. With over 1,000 wins awarded in excess of $1,000,000 and over $3 billion in jackpots delivered, \"Wheel\" has been regarded as the most successful slots brand of all time. Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show) Wheel of Fortune (often known simply as Wheel) is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin that debuted in 1975. The show features a competition in","psg_id":"14175951"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)","text":"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show) Wheel of Fortune (often known simply as Wheel) is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin that debuted in 1975. The show features a competition in which contestants solve word puzzles, similar to those used in Hangman, to win cash and prizes determined by spinning a giant carnival wheel. \"Wheel\" originally aired as a daytime series on NBC from January 6, 1975, to June 30, 1989. After some changes were made to its format, the daytime series moved to CBS from July 17, 1989, to January 11, 1991. It then returned to","psg_id":"14175882"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)","text":"Time for Tony\" (whose basic melody evolved into \"Think!\", the longtime theme song for \"Jeopardy!\"), \"Buzzword\" (later used as the theme for \"Merv Griffin's Crosswords\"), \"Nightwalk\", \"Struttin' on Sunset\", and an untitled vacation cue. Anyone at least 18 years old has the potential to become a contestant through \"Wheel of Fortune\"s audition process. Exceptions include employees and immediate family members of CBS Corporation, Sony Pictures Entertainment, or any of their respective affiliates or subsidiaries; any firm involved in supplying prizes for the show; and television stations that broadcast \"Wheel\" and/or \"Jeopardy!\", their sister radio stations, and those advertising agencies that","psg_id":"14175934"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (horse)","text":"started at odds of 1/3 for the Oaks in a field of eight runners. Archer settled the favourite in third or fourth place on the inside as the Yorkshire-trained Coromandel made the running until the turn into the straight. Two furlongs from the finish Wheel of Fortune moved up alongside the leader and then went quickly clear to come home \"the easiest of winners\" by three lengths from Coromandel with Adventure finishing a distant third. Wheel of Fortune reappeared at Royal Ascot on 13 June in the Prince of Wales's Stakes in which she conceded weight to a field of","psg_id":"16333079"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (horse)","text":"May, two days after Charibert's classic win at Newmarket, Wheel of Fortune began her three-year-old career in the 1000 Guineas at the same course. She started at odds of 8/13 against seven other fillies. Archer restrained the filly at the back of the field in the early stages before allowing her to move forward at half way. She moved through the field to take the lead a furlong from the finish and pulled clear to win very easily by four lengths from Abbaye with Reconciliation a further six lengths back in third. On 30 May at Epsom, Wheel of Fortune","psg_id":"16333078"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (horse)","text":"top class colts and fillies. She was held up by Archer until the straight, and then showed impressive acceleration to settle the race in a few strides and won easily by one and a half lengths from Adventure with Rayon d'Or in third. Wheel of Fortune was then aimed at the St Leger and was made 6/4 favourite for the Doncaster race. In August Wheel of Fortune was sent to York where she won the Yorkshire Oaks and, despite signs of swelling in her left foreleg, she ran again two days later in the Great Yorkshire Stakes. In this race","psg_id":"16333080"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune video games","text":"own. In 2007 Sony Online Entertainment produced a PC version of the show titled \"Wheel of Fortune Deluxe\", sharing publishing duties with Encore, Inc. Encore followed that up with a \"Super Deluxe\" version of the game in 2008. Sony Pictures Digital and Game Show Network's interactive division released a free \"Wheel of Fortune\" game on Facebook. It combined most aspects of the TV game show and allowed players to become contestants competing for virtual currency, called \"Wheel Bucks,\" by playing a \"Main Round\" puzzle on their own and a \"Bonus Round\" puzzle allowing them to collaborate with their Facebook friends","psg_id":"5444002"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune video games","text":"solved it, the machine would reveal the puzzle and terminate the round. In 1990, GameTek created a \"Wheel of Fortune\" game for the Game Boy. Then in 1997, Tiger Electronics released two adaptations of the show for its Game.com system, which allows players to use the console's touchscreen to select letters. Additionally, Majesco Entertainment once planned a \"Wheel\" adaptation of its own for the Game Boy Color but that was cancelled. On November 2, 2010, THQ published a Nintendo DS \"Wheel of Fortune\" video game developed by Griptonite Games, which allows players to customize and name their player character. Additionally,","psg_id":"5443999"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (Australian game show)","text":"include: At the time of going to air, champion Luke Seager (2004) was the 4th biggest winner of all time, and the second longest champion in terms of nights on air represented. Luke credited his longevity on the wheel (10 nights) to the fact that most newcomers to the show did not comprehend the importance of controlling the wheel. His reign as champion still rates amongst the highest ratings period the program has ever enjoyed. \"Wheel of Fortune\" in Australia has had many hosts, hostesses and announcers through its long history. They include: Wheel of Fortune (Australian game show) Wheel","psg_id":"7232267"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)","text":"\"Wheel of Fortune\" is part of the Sony Pictures Studios tour, and was introduced on the episode aired May 10, 2010. Located in the same stage as the show's taping facility, this hall of fame features memorabilia related to \"Wheel\"s syndicated history, including retired props, classic merchandise, photographs, videos, and a special case dedicated to White's wardrobe. Two years later, in 2012, the show was honored with a Ride of Fame on a double decker tour bus in New York City. Numerous board games based on \"Wheel of Fortune\" have been released by different toy companies. The games are all","psg_id":"14175948"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (Tarot card)","text":"\"Wheel Of Fortune\" card, like other cards of the Major Arcana, varies widely in depiction between Tarot decks. The card has been modeled ever since the tarot's inception in the 15th century after the medieval concept of \"Rota Fortunae\", the wheel of the goddess Fortuna. Images generally show a six- or eight-spoked wheel, often attended or crested by an individual (sometimes human; sometimes a Sphinx-like half-human) attired in an Egyptian-style headdress. In some decks, such as the AG Müller, the wheel is also attended by an individual wearing a blindfold; and often there are people sitting or riding on the","psg_id":"4944151"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune video games","text":"White. In 2012 THQ-published versions developed by Pipeworks Software appeared for the PlayStation 3, the Wii U, and Microsoft's Xbox 360. On November 7, 2017, Ubisoft released video games based on \"Wheel of Fortune\" for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. The game comes in digital download as well as a bundle retail version with \"Jeopardy!\". This version of \"Wheel of Fortune\" features Classic and Quick modes, as well as online multiplayer options like leaderboards and voice chat. It includes over 4,000 puzzles and a leveling system that enables players to unlock 250 new customization items that can be used on","psg_id":"5443997"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (UK game show)","text":"Wheel of Fortune (UK game show) Wheel of Fortune was a British television game show based on the American show of the same name created by Merv Griffin. Contestants compete to solve word puzzles, similar to those used in Hangman, to win cash and prizes. The title refers to the show's giant carnival wheel that contestants spin throughout the course of the game to determine their cash and/or prizes. The programme aired between 19 July 1988 and 21 December 2001 and was produced by Scottish Television (STV) for the ITV network - having effectively replaced \"Now You See It\" as","psg_id":"8664054"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (New Zealand game show)","text":"Wheel of Fortune (New Zealand game show) Wheel of Fortune was a long-running New Zealand television game show that was last hosted by television personality Jason Gunn and co-host Sonia Gray. It was broadcast on TV2 from 1991 to 1996 and on TV ONE from 2008 to 2009. The original New Zealand version of the popular American game show Wheel of Fortune was first broadcast in February 1991, on TVNZ channel TV2, at 5:30pm. The show, which was heavily modeled after Australia's version, was originally hosted by Phillip Leishman with co-host Lana Coc-Kroft, along with Grant Walker (also doing New","psg_id":"13285564"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (Philippine game show)","text":"the show. However, the actual P100,000 space and the actual Power and Jackpot wedges all have holographic backgrounds, which is difficult to be replicated in simulated conditions. Wheel of Fortune (Philippine game show) There are two Philippine versions of Wheel of Fortune. The first was aired on ABC aired from November 19, 2001 to May 2002. It was hosted by Rustom Padilla (main host) and Victoria London (puzzle assistant). The second and more recent one was a program that aired on ABS-CBN, with Kris Aquino as main host, while Zara Aldana and Jasmine Fitzgerald alternated as puzzle assistants for each","psg_id":"11266951"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (Ace of Base song)","text":"FM on 3 December 2007. The song entered the Radio Aachen chart in Germany at #26 on 15 December 2007. It also entered the Euro WebCharts at #5 in the last week of 2007 and eventually reached #1. Cover Version In 1993, Hong Kong singer Shirley Kwan covered this song in Cantonese. Wheel of Fortune (Ace of Base song) \"Wheel of Fortune\" is a song by Swedish pop group Ace of Base, and also their debut single. It was first released in the Nordics in April 1992 through Danish Mega Records as the first single from the album \"Happy Nation\".","psg_id":"9328812"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune video games","text":"to increase their winnings. The game was later moved to GSN's \"Games by GSN Casino\" with better graphics, faster load times, the ability to amass collections and win trophies, and a full-screen mode, but eventually the game was taken down. The \"Games by GSN Casino\" has also featured a \"Wheel of Fortune Slots\" game that abides by the basic rules of slots games but incorporates aspects of the actual show in various ways, such as featuring a bonus game where players can spin the Wheel to increase their earnings; this is the only one of \"Wheel\"s many slots games not","psg_id":"5444003"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)","text":"are affiliated with them. Also ineligible to apply as contestants are individuals who have appeared on a different game show within the previous year, three other game shows within the past ten years, or on any version of \"Wheel of Fortune\" itself. Throughout the year, the show uses a custom-designed Winnebago recreational vehicle called the \"Wheelmobile\" to travel across the United States, holding open auditions at various public venues. Participants are provided with entry forms which are then drawn randomly. Individuals whose names are drawn appear on stage, five at a time, and are interviewed by traveling host Marty Lublin.","psg_id":"14175935"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune video games","text":"1990, GameTek created five \"Wheel of Fortune\" computer games for the Apple II, Commodore 64, and MS-DOS. On November 15, 1998, Hasbro Interactive released a PC version of its own, where Vanna White is joined by the then-current \"Wheel\" announcer, Charlie O'Donnell (but not Pat Sajak). In 2000 Infogrames Entertainment produced a PC version of the show for Macintosh computers, with MacSoft as its developer. That same year, Hasbro released a second PC version of \"Wheel\", which like the aforementioned PlayStation equivalent features a behind-the-scenes interview and a qualifying exam. Atari's 2003 follow-up also saw a PC version of its","psg_id":"5444001"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (Australian game show)","text":"those viewers earning the prizes and total of the amounts their winning celebrity spun during the game in actual cash. At the end of the week, all those winning home viewers were entered in a drawing to win a car. There was also a brief Saturday Night series airing in 1990 and 1991 called \"Celebrity Wheel of Fortune\". On 21 March 2006, \"Wheel of Fortune\" celebrated a major milestone, as its 5,000th episode went to air on the Seven Network. An extra element was added to the special show: the chance to win $5,000 in cash. Two yellow \"$5,000\" wedges","psg_id":"7232265"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (UK game show)","text":"May. During the thirteenth series, most ITV regions broadcast episodes at 5.30pm from 2 January to 22 June 2001, except for Meridian, Yorkshire, Tyne Tees, before being switched to a Saturday afternoon slot until 4 August 2001. The final thirty episodes (series fourteen) were networked at 2.40pm, from 12 November to 21 December. Wheel of Fortune (UK game show) Wheel of Fortune was a British television game show based on the American show of the same name created by Merv Griffin. Contestants compete to solve word puzzles, similar to those used in Hangman, to win cash and prizes. The title","psg_id":"8664074"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (Philippine game show)","text":"Wheel of Fortune (Philippine game show) There are two Philippine versions of Wheel of Fortune. The first was aired on ABC aired from November 19, 2001 to May 2002. It was hosted by Rustom Padilla (main host) and Victoria London (puzzle assistant). The second and more recent one was a program that aired on ABS-CBN, with Kris Aquino as main host, while Zara Aldana and Jasmine Fitzgerald alternated as puzzle assistants for each puzzle. Aquino's version (known in this article from this point onwards as \"the ABS-CBN version\") started on January 14, 2008. Advertisements for the ABS-CBN version started during","psg_id":"11266946"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune video games","text":"of bankruptcy. The Sega CD and N64 versions of \"Wheel\" both feature full-motion video footage of White as host. The N64 version, in particular, received a score of 6.4 out of 10 from IGN, which praised it for \"[managing] to do a respectable job duplicating the feel of the show, with smooth camera movements and a polygonal spinning wheel\". \"Next Generation\" reviewed the Sega CD version of the game, rating it two stars out of five, and stated that \"Even as a party game, \"Wheel of Fortune\" doesn't cut it.\" Artech Studios and Hasbro Interactive produced a video game adaptation","psg_id":"5443994"},{"title":"Changeling: The Autobiography of Mike Oldfield","text":"Changeling: The Autobiography of Mike Oldfield Changeling () is a 2007 autobiography by Mike Oldfield. It was published in May 2007 by Virgin Books. In May 2008 \"Changeling\" was re-released in a paperback edition. \"Changeling\" was published by Virgin Books, the publishing arm of the conglomerate Virgin Group whose Virgin Records business was launched with the release of Oldfield's debut album, \"Tubular Bells\". The book mainly focuses on Oldfield's life and early career, from his humble beginnings with his family, through his tough musical teenage years and finding fame and fortune with \"Tubular Bells\". \"Changeling\" also goes into Oldfield's years","psg_id":"10567083"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune video games","text":"a number of \"Wheel\" games have been released for mobile telephones. On May 2, 2005, InfoSpace's \"Atlas Mobile\" studio created a tournament-style game based on the show as part of its \"For Prizes\" lineup of games allowing players to win free gift certificates; this game is set to a time limit of five minutes and requires players to complete the regular rounds in five turns or less apiece. Subsequent mobile phone incarnations of the show were released by Sony Pictures Mobile in 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012. \"Wheel of Fortune\" has also been adapted for personal computers. From 1987 through","psg_id":"5444000"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (Australian game show)","text":"year upon solving a puzzle, contestants could choose one of three prizes offered to them. This would continue until 2004 when it was reduced to two prizes. On \"Million Dollar Wheel of Fortune\", solving a puzzle allowed that player to bank any cash accumulated up to that point (the rule in the U.S. version since 1987). At some point, when time is running short, a bell rings off camera to indicate the Final Spin of the Wheel. The host spins the Wheel and all remaining consonants in the puzzle are worth the value of the spin. The player in control","psg_id":"7232256"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (New Zealand game show)","text":"temporarily took Sonia's role on the show until she returned in May, 2009. It was announced on 2 May 2009 that the series was being cancelled after only one year on air. The reasons given by TVNZ for the cancellation were lower ratings than the previous season, decreased advertising revenue and the high cost of producing the show. Lower ratings may have resulted after reformatting of the show interrupted its flow due to an increased emphasis on 'Speed Digits'. The last show was screened in June 2009. Wheel of Fortune (New Zealand game show) Wheel of Fortune was a long-running","psg_id":"13285567"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)","text":"letter in the answer, and punctuation revealed as needed. Most puzzles are straightforward figures of speech that fit within a mostly static list of categories, and this list has evolved over the course of the series. Crossword puzzles were added to the rotation in 2016. In such rounds, a clue bonding the words in the puzzle is given instead of a traditional category, and contestants win by solving all the words in the crossword. The titular Wheel of Fortune is a roulette-style wheel mechanism with 24 spaces, most of which are labeled with dollar amounts ranging from $500 to $900,","psg_id":"14175886"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)","text":"and prizes to contestants. The popularity of \"Wheel of Fortune\" has led it to become a worldwide franchise, with over forty known adaptations in international markets outside the United States. Versions of the show have existed in such countries as Australia, Denmark, France, , Italy, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Poland, Russia, Spain, United Kingdom and Vietnam (\"Chiec Non Ky Dieu\"). The American version of \"Wheel\" has honored its international variants with an occasional theme of special weeks known as \"Wheel Around the World\", the inaugural episode of which aired when the 23rd syndicated season premiered on September 12, 2005.","psg_id":"14175943"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (1952 game show)","text":"had the same respective logo visible in the center of the wheel. The series involved rewarding everyday people who had done good deeds in their life by having their stories told on national TV, then allowing them to spin a carnival-style prize wheel onstage and being awarded that prize. Occasionally, the lucky spin gave the good Samaritan a chance to win up to $1,000 by answering trivia questions. The show's theme was Kay Starr's version of the song \"Wheel of Fortune\", which was released in the first two months of 1952 and beginning on February 8 ran 22 weeks on","psg_id":"8540379"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (1952 game show)","text":"a motor. A further (and far more explicit) connection arrived in 1981, when Grundy debuted his adaptation of Griffin's \"Wheel\" which (like its American counterpart) also had a very long and successful run on the Seven Network until 2006. A short-lived remake and revival called \"Million Dollar Wheel of Fortune\" hosted by Tim Campbell and Kelly Landry ran on the Nine Network for a brief period in 2008. The \"Million Dollar Wedge\" concept has been carried over to the original American version since its 26th season debut in the same year. The American series is believed to be destroyed as","psg_id":"8540383"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (horse)","text":"she tracked the colt Ruperra and the two pulled clear of the other runners in the closing stages, but when Archer attempted to send the filly past her rival she began to struggle and was beaten by a length. Wheel of Fortune returned from the race lame and after showing signs of improvement she pulled up lame again after exercise the following week. On 6 September she was scratched (withdrawn) from the St Leger which was won in her absence by Rayon d'Or. In May 1886 \"The Sporting Times\" carried out a poll of one hundred racing experts to create","psg_id":"16333081"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (horse)","text":"undefeated in six races, having won more than £7,665 in prize money. She was regarded by press commentators as by far the best juvenile of either sex to have run in Britain that year. Wheel of Fortune made good physical progress over the winter and her performance in training was impressive: according to one rumour she had defeated the 1877 Epsom Derby winner Silvio and the 1878 Oaks and St Leger winner Jannette in a private trial, and she was reported to be at least ten pounds superior to her stable companion Charibert, who won the 2000 Guineas. On 2","psg_id":"16333077"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)","text":"changed weekly. Any prize that was won was taken out of rotation for the rest of the week. During seasons 16 through 18 (1998–2001), the $25,000 remained in-place the entire week of shows regardless if it was won. At the start of season 19 on September 3, 2001, there were three car envelopes and two $25,000 envelopes, which were available the entire week of shows. These envelopes were replaced with the bonus wheel on October 22, 2001. Merv Griffin conceived \"Wheel of Fortune\" just as the original version of \"Jeopardy!\", another show he had created, was ending its 11-year run","psg_id":"14175907"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (UK game show)","text":"for an opponent who had won nothing to pick a prize, and Leslie always upheld the request. All contestants in all series, win or lose, went home with a \"Wheel of Fortune\" watch (and sometimes other Wheel-related merchandise). In the final, the winning contestant had a free choice of five consonants and one vowel in order to help them identify the answer within 15 seconds to the puzzle and win the prize. In the ninth episode of the second series and the thirteenth episode of the fourth series, the contestants were brides and in the twelfth episode of the third","psg_id":"8664068"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)","text":"a series of substitutes filled out the rest of the season, including Gilbert, John Cramer, Joe Cipriano, Rich Fields, Lora Cain and Jim Thornton. For the show's twenty-ninth season, which began in 2011, Thornton was chosen to be the new announcer for \"Wheel\", and has been with the show ever since. \"Wheel of Fortune\" typically employs a total of 100 in-house production personnel, with 60 to 100 local staff joining them for those episodes that are taped on location. Griffin was the executive producer of the network version throughout its entire run, and served as the syndicated version's executive producer","psg_id":"14175922"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)","text":"Between September 1997 and January 1998, CBS and Game Show Network concurrently aired a special children's version of the show titled \"Wheel 2000\". It was hosted by David Sidoni, with Tanika Ray providing voice and motion capture for a virtual reality hostess named \"Cyber Lucy\". Created by Scott Sternberg, the spin-off featured special gameplay in which numerous rules were changed. For example, the show's child contestants competed for points and prizes instead of cash, with the eventual winner playing for a grand prize in the bonus round. \"Wheel of Fortune\" has long been one of the highest-rated programs on U.S.","psg_id":"14175944"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)","text":"and the contestant had 30 seconds to call out consonants in the puzzle. Edd Byrnes, an actor from \"77 Sunset Strip\", served as host for the second and third pilots, both titled \"Wheel of Fortune\". These pilots were directed by Marty Pasetta, who gave the show a \"Vegas\" feel that more closely resembled the look and feel that the actual show ended up having, a wheel that was now spun by the contestants themselves, and a lighted mechanical puzzle board with letters that were now manually turnable. Showcase prizes on these pilots were located behind the puzzle board, and during","psg_id":"14175911"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (Ace of Base song)","text":"chair on the middle of a big wheel of fortune. Then different characters appear along the video. Like a boxing blonde, a little girl playing with an hourglass, a bride in an wedding dress, an angel playing with a golden ball and an older couple. Sometimes the woman in the chair also appears with a man or with the older couple. In between these characters, we see the four members of Ace of Base performing standing together in a circle with their backs against each other. Linn sometimes sings in the chair on the wheel. Other times she sings standing","psg_id":"9328809"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune video games","text":"edition in November 2003. On March 19, 2009, Sony Online Entertainment released a version of the show for the PlayStation 3 through the PlayStation Network; Chris Roper of IGN gave that version a 5.8 out of 10, saying that it felt \"empty and lifeless\" for not featuring any host or hostess or any voice work whatsoever, and also criticized the graphic quality, saying that the game was \"not fully polished\". On November 2, 2010, THQ released video games based on \"Wheel of Fortune\" for Nintendo's Wii console. This set of games is the first to feature Sajak as well as","psg_id":"5443996"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)","text":"Contestants not appearing on stage at Wheelmobile events have their applications retained and get drawn at random to fill second-level audition vacancies. At the second audition, potential contestants play more mock games featuring a miniature wheel and puzzle board, followed by a 16-puzzle test with some letters revealed. The contestants have five minutes to solve as many puzzles as they can by writing in the correct letters. The people who pass continue the audition, playing more mock games which are followed by interviews. \"Wheel of Fortune\" premiered on January 6, 1975, at 10:30 am (9:30 Central) on NBC. Lin Bolen,","psg_id":"14175937"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune video games","text":"contestants or the studio set. In 1988, Mattel created a \"Wheel of Fortune\" game that allowed playing along with the TV show. At that time, the show would include encoded data at the beginning of each round, seen as flickering in the TV picture, that the Mattel machine could \"download\" to receive the puzzle and timing information for when letters were revealed in the puzzle. The game allowed players to \"spin\" and guess letters in the puzzle, buy vowels, and solve the puzzle. If a contestant on the TV show solved the puzzle before a person playing the Mattel machine","psg_id":"5443998"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)","text":"points until Cisneros became full-time director in November 2013. Ennis returned as guest director for the weeks airing October 13 through 17 and November 17 through 21, 2014, as Cisneros was recovering from neck surgery at the time of taping. With the start of the 33rd season on September 14, 2015, Ennis was promoted to full-time director. \"Wheel of Fortune\" is owned by Sony Pictures Television (previously known as Columbia TriStar Television, the successor company to original producer Merv Griffin Enterprises). The production company and copyright holder of all episodes to date is \"Califon Productions, Inc.\", which like SPT has","psg_id":"14175925"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)","text":"since its inception. \"Wheel of Fortune\" ranks as the longest-running syndicated game show in the United States, with over 6,000 episodes aired. \"TV Guide\" named it the \"top-rated syndicated series\" in a 2008 article, and in 2013, the magazine ranked it at No. 2 in its list of the 60 greatest game shows ever. The program has also come to gain a worldwide following with sixty international adaptations. The syndicated series' 36th season premiered on September 10, 2018. The core game is based on Hangman. Each round has a category and a blank word puzzle, with each blank representing a","psg_id":"14175885"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (Australian game show)","text":"the revamped format. The rights to the show are currently owned by Network Ten, which now owns the video and format rights through its parent company, CBS Studios International, which holds international rights as the American version is distributed by the company's broadcast syndication arm. An earlier unrelated show also titled \"Wheel of Fortune\" had been broadcast on the Nine Network. That version had been developed by Reg Grundy as a radio game show before it transferred to television in 1959. In 2010, hostess Adriana Xenides died after a long battle with illness; she had been listed in the Guinness","psg_id":"7232234"},{"title":"The Autobiography of Charles Darwin","text":"removed several passages about Darwin's critical views of God and Christianity. The omitted passages were later restored by Darwin's granddaughter Nora Barlow in a 1958 edition to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the publication of \"The Origin of Species\". This edition was published in London by Collins under the title of \"The Autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809-1882. With the original omissions restored. Edited and with appendix and notes by his granddaughter Nora Barlow\". The Autobiography of Charles Darwin The Autobiography of Charles Darwin is an autobiography by the English naturalist Charles Darwin. Darwin wrote the text, which he entitled \"Recollections","psg_id":"4849402"},{"title":"Carcassonne: Wheel of Fortune","text":"begins on the wheel, and is moved whenever a tiles with certain markings are drawn. When these tiles are drawn, the marker is advanced clockwise along the wheel the number of spaces stated on the tile. The space on the wheel is resolved, and followers on the rim of the particular space are scored, before the tile is placed. Wheel effects include scoring by all players for certain types of followers (including unplayed followers), scoring by only the player on move, or the removal of a follower on the board (except on the wheel) by all players. Followers on the","psg_id":"14125010"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (Philippine game show)","text":"that station's coverage of the Mayweather-Hatton fight on December 9, 2007. It involved a puzzle that would reveal the title of the show. Then advertisements urged viewers to join via text messaging. Despite \"Wheel of Fortune\" having two Philippine versions, the ABS-CBN version, as well as several of its advertisements and press releases, do not seem to recognize Rustom Padilla's version (known from this point as \"the ABC version\"). The ABS-CBN version ended its run on July 25, 2008. Unlike the ABC version, which ended unceremoniously, this one formally had its last episode, with games competed by teams each composed","psg_id":"11266947"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (Australian game show)","text":"unaired episodes from 2005 at the 10am timeslot. These were hosted by 2004 host Steve Oemcke, and clearly produced before it was decided to rest the show in 2005. In May 2008, the Nine Network revived the show in a revamped form known as \"Million Dollar Wheel of Fortune\", hosted by former \"Home and Away\" actor Tim Campbell, with Kelly Landry as co-host. and airing from GTV-9 in Melbourne. The biggest changes in this version included the possibility to win a new grand prize of $1 million, alongside an increased standard top prize of $200,000, and players actually playing for","psg_id":"7232242"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (Australian game show)","text":"Network denied this story. In any event, Burgess was quickly given a contract by the Nine Network to host the game show \"Catch Phrase\" (later retitled \"Burgo's Catch Phrase\") that would be \"Wheel of Fortune\"'s rival for a few more years. Adriana Xenides, who had been the show's co-hostess and letter-turner since its premiere, fell sick — ultimately suffering from depression and what she called a \"physical breakdown\". Barber appeared at the start of the 1997 series premiere to introduce and hand the show over to Rob Elliott with former \"Perfect Match\" hostess Kerrie Friend replacing Xenides for the next","psg_id":"7232240"},{"title":"The Autobiography of Charles Darwin","text":"The Autobiography of Charles Darwin The Autobiography of Charles Darwin is an autobiography by the English naturalist Charles Darwin. Darwin wrote the text, which he entitled \"Recollections of the Development of my Mind and Character\", for his family. He states that he started writing it on about May 28, 1876 and had finished it by August 3. The text was published in 1887 (five years after Darwin's death) by John Murray as part of \"The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, including an autobiographical chapter\". The text printed in \"Life and Letters\" was edited by Darwin's son Francis Darwin, who","psg_id":"4849401"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (Australian game show)","text":"World Records as the longest-serving hostess of a television game show until it was surpassed by her US counterpart in 2001. In 1981, the Grundy Organisation purchased the rights to Merv Griffin's American game show \"Wheel of Fortune\" and created a faithful reproduction of the American series, as they had done with many other game shows. The new show began airing on the Seven Network on 21 July 1981 at 5:00PM, and was produced at the studios of ADS-7 in Adelaide. The show's production moved to SAS-7 when ADS and SAS swapped network affiliations and channel frequencies at the end","psg_id":"7232235"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)","text":"shopping segments a list of prizes and their price values scrolled on the right of the screen. By the time production began in December 1974, Woolery was selected to host, the choice being made by Griffin after he reportedly heard Byrnes reciting \"A-E-I-O-U\" to himself in an effort to remember the vowels. Susan Stafford turned the letters on Byrnes' pilot episodes, a role that she also held when the show was picked up as a series. The original host of \"Wheel of Fortune\" was Chuck Woolery, who hosted the series from its 1975 premiere until December 25, 1981, save for","psg_id":"14175912"},{"title":"Autobiography","text":"the Rye\" is a well-known modern example of fictional autobiography. Charlotte Brontë's \"Jane Eyre\" is yet another example of fictional autobiography, as noted on the front page of the original version. The term may also apply to works of fiction purporting to be autobiographies of real characters, e.g., Robert Nye's \"Memoirs of Lord Byron\". In antiquity such works were typically entitled \"apologia,\" purporting to be self-justification rather than self-documentation. John Henry Newman's Christian confessional work (first published in 1864) is entitled \"Apologia Pro Vita Sua\" in reference to this tradition. The Jewish historian Flavius Josephus introduces his autobiography (\"Josephi Vita\",","psg_id":"23890"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (New Zealand game show)","text":"show could not compete with the 6pm news shows on TV ONE and TV3. On 14 April 2008 the New Zealand version of Wheel of Fortune returned again to TVNZ channel TV ONE. The show returned with new hosts Jason Gunn and Sonia Gray. The show now airs at 5:30pm local time. At the conclusion of filming of the 2008 season TVNZ announced the show will return in 2009 bigger and better. Additionally Jason Gunn officially announced that his co-host Sonia Gray was pregnant with twins and that she would return to co-host the show after her pregnancy. Greer Robson","psg_id":"13285566"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (Tarot card)","text":"wheel whilst others are shown falling from it. The wheel is not always shown inscribed with any lettering. Where this is the case, the letters T-A-R-O (clockwise) or T-O-R-A (counter clockwise) can often be found aligned against four of the spokes, which can also be interpreted as R-O-T-A, the Latin word meaning \"wheel\". In some decks, such as the Waite, the wheel is also inscribed with additional alchemical symbols representing the four elements: Earth, Air, Fire and Water (which are also said to be represented throughout the Tarot by the four \"suits\" of Pentacles or Discs, Swords, Wands, and Cups","psg_id":"4944152"},{"title":"Wheel 2000","text":"the program in a grand finale. Host David Sidoni now works as a real estate agent. Official Website Wheel 2000 Wheel 2000 (also known as Wheel of Fortune 2000) is a children's version of the American game show \"Wheel of Fortune\" (and the last version of Wheel of any sort to air on Daytime television). The show was created by Scott Sternberg and was hosted by David Sidoni, with Tanika Ray providing voice work and motion capture for a virtual reality hostess named \"Cyber Lucy\". The show premiered on September 13, 1997 on CBS, aired as part of the network's","psg_id":"6997138"},{"title":"Wheel 2000","text":"Wheel 2000 Wheel 2000 (also known as Wheel of Fortune 2000) is a children's version of the American game show \"Wheel of Fortune\" (and the last version of Wheel of any sort to air on Daytime television). The show was created by Scott Sternberg and was hosted by David Sidoni, with Tanika Ray providing voice work and motion capture for a virtual reality hostess named \"Cyber Lucy\". The show premiered on September 13, 1997 on CBS, aired as part of the network's attempt to meet the then-new E/I mandates during its Saturday morning block, and ran through February 7, 1998","psg_id":"6997132"},{"title":"The Autobiography of a Flea","text":"The Autobiography of a Flea The Autobiography of a Flea is an anonymous erotic novel first published in 1887 in London by Edward Avery. Later research has revealed that the author was a London lawyer of the time named Stanislas de Rhodes. The story is narrated by a flea who tells the tale of a beautiful young girl named Bella, whose burgeoning sexuality is taken advantage of by her young lover Charlie, the local priest Father Ambrose, two of his colleagues in holy orders, and her own uncle. Bella is then employed to procure her best friend, Julia, for the","psg_id":"15339812"},{"title":"Goon of Fortune","text":"Goon of Fortune Goon of Fortune is an Australian drinking game between any number of individual people. The name of the game is a spoof on the TV show \"Wheel of Fortune\". A number of goonsacks are pegged around the outside of a Hills Hoist rotary washing line, and players sit underneath it at the edges. One player spins the hoist, and when the clothesline comes to rest any player underneath a bag must drink an amount of wine agreed upon before the commencement of the spin. Players may not touch the clothesline, and penalties for breaking the rules vary.","psg_id":"15493915"},{"title":"Goon of Fortune","text":"Goon of Fortune Goon of Fortune is an Australian drinking game between any number of individual people. The name of the game is a spoof on the TV show \"Wheel of Fortune\". A number of goonsacks are pegged around the outside of a Hills Hoist rotary washing line, and players sit underneath it at the edges. One player spins the hoist, and when the clothesline comes to rest any player underneath a bag must drink an amount of wine agreed upon before the commencement of the spin. Players may not touch the clothesline, and penalties for breaking the rules vary.","psg_id":"15493914"},{"title":"The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin","text":"voice of the author. In this work, Franklin's \"persona\" comes alive and presents a man whose greatness does not keep him from being down-to-earth and approachable, who faces up to mistakes and blunders (\"errata\") he has committed in life, and who presents personal success as something within the reach of anyone willing to work hard enough for it. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin is the traditional name for the unfinished record of his own life written by Benjamin Franklin from 1771 to 1790; however, Franklin himself appears to have called the work his \"Memoirs\". Although","psg_id":"5108883"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (Philippine game show)","text":"in the ABC version. Already mentioned under \"Common rules\" section above are the Power wedge and the Toss-Up Rounds. Below are other additions. The gallery below shows a comparison between the Wheels used in the ABC version and the one seen in the ABS-CBN version, as well as the special wedges laid on each Wheel. The ABC version's 2001 Wheel is shown below and styled like the one used on the Philippine show. The 2002 version shown, however, is just a simulation using the style of the American Wheel and does not actually picture the actual design of the Wheel.","psg_id":"11266949"},{"title":"The Wheel of Time","text":"was seemingly dropped around 2014. In 1999, \"A Soundtrack for the Wheel of Time\" was released, featuring music by Robert Berry and inspired by the books. The German power metal band Blind Guardian have written two songs dedicated to the \"Wheel of Time\" series as part of their 2010 album \"At the Edge of Time\": \"Ride into Obsession\" and \"Wheel of Time\". Swedish heavy metal band Katana also wrote a song, entitled \"The Wisdom of Emond's Field\", on their 2012 album \"Storms of War\". The American power metal band Noble Beast, on their 2014 album of the same name, wrote","psg_id":"529524"},{"title":"Turn of Fortune","text":"became concerned about reports of corrosion due to exposure to the elements. Work restarted after a safety assessment by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine. It had been due to open in June 2013, but this was put back to October, and then postponed again. Turn of Fortune Turn of Fortune (shi lai yun zhuan) is an unfinished centreless non-rotating Ferris wheel which began construction in Bauhinia (Zijing) Park, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China, in 2009. It is in height, has a diameter of , weighs 3000 tonnes, and cost $23.8 million (£15.5 million). It was to have had","psg_id":"17667298"},{"title":"Turn of Fortune","text":"Turn of Fortune Turn of Fortune (shi lai yun zhuan) is an unfinished centreless non-rotating Ferris wheel which began construction in Bauhinia (Zijing) Park, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China, in 2009. It is in height, has a diameter of , weighs 3000 tonnes, and cost $23.8 million (£15.5 million). It was to have had 24 passenger cars, each seating 5 people and moving at 0.2 m per second, taking approximately 22 minutes to travel the entire circumference. Construction began in 2009, but completion was repeatedly delayed. In March 2013 construction stopped for six months while safety checks were carried out after authorities","psg_id":"17667297"},{"title":"Autobiography (Morrissey)","text":"cantankerous, entitled, whingeing, self-martyred human being who ever drew breath. And those are just his good qualities.\" \"Autobiography\" became the number one selling book in the UK upon release, setting a new first week sales record for a music autobiography. It also topped the non-fiction chart in Ireland. Autobiography (Morrissey) Autobiography is a book by the British singer-songwriter Morrissey, published in October 2013. Controversially, it was published under the Penguin Classics imprint. It was a number one best-seller in the UK and received polarised reviews, with certain reviewers hailing it as brilliant writing and others decrying it as overwrought and","psg_id":"17620131"},{"title":"The Autobiography of Malcolm X","text":"rhetorical power comes from \"the vision of a man whose swiftly unfolding career had outstripped the possibilities of the traditional autobiography he had meant to write\", thus destroying \"the illusion of the finished and unified personality\". In addition to functioning as a spiritual conversion narrative, \"The Autobiography of Malcolm X\" also reflects generic elements from other distinctly American literary forms, from the Puritan conversion narrative of Jonathan Edwards and the secular self-analyses of Benjamin Franklin, to the African American slave narratives. This aesthetic decision on the part of Malcolm X and Haley also has profound implications for the thematic content","psg_id":"14327683"},{"title":"Changeling: The Autobiography of Mike Oldfield","text":"suffering panic attacks and his Exegesis experience, as well as detailing the writing and recording process of his albums, focusing on his earlier work. For the first two years all profits made by the book went to the mental health charity SANE. Changeling: The Autobiography of Mike Oldfield Changeling () is a 2007 autobiography by Mike Oldfield. It was published in May 2007 by Virgin Books. In May 2008 \"Changeling\" was re-released in a paperback edition. \"Changeling\" was published by Virgin Books, the publishing arm of the conglomerate Virgin Group whose Virgin Records business was launched with the release of","psg_id":"10567084"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune video games","text":"of \"Wheel\" for Sony Computer Entertainment's PlayStation console on December 15, 1998; this version again features White appearing as host via FMV sequences, and a 3-D engine that allows it to have a presentation similar to that of the actual show. This particular version is compatible with a memory card which allows it to avoid previously played puzzles until the entire library has been played through. On September 12, 2000, Hasbro released a second PlayStation version of \"Wheel\", which features a behind-the-scenes interview with White and a qualifying exam for contestant hopefuls. After this, Atari, Inc. released a PlayStation 2","psg_id":"5443995"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)","text":"addition to its generic design, the set also uses many alternate designs, which are unique to specific weekly sets of themed programs. The most recent set design was conceived by production designer Renee Hoss-Johnson, with later modifications by Jody Vaclav. Previous set designers included Ed Flesh and Dick Stiles. The first pilot used a vertically mounted wheel which was often difficult to see on-screen. Flesh, who also designed the sets for \"The $25,000 Pyramid\" and \"Jeopardy!\", designed the wheel mechanism. Originally made mostly of paint and cardboard, the modern wheel mechanism is framed on a steel tube surrounded with Plexiglas","psg_id":"14175928"},{"title":"The Fortune Centre of Riding Therapy","text":"The Fortune Centre of Riding Therapy The Fortune Centre of Riding Therapy (FCRT) provides education and therapy through horses. It is a UK based registered charity serving as Independent Specialist Provision for young horse enthusiasts with Learning Difficulties and Disabilities whose educational needs post-16 are met by an individual learning programme. The Fortune Centre of Riding Therapy operates a residential “Further Education Through Horsemastership” (FETH) Course. FETH course students develop the skills that they require to lead more independent lives. The use and involvement of horses in the education process is at the core of its unique work. Teaching and","psg_id":"12839420"},{"title":"The Burning Wheel","text":"penned another full game, entitled \"Mouse Guard\", which uses a simplified version of the \"Burning Wheel\" system and is set in the world of the Mouse Guard comics. It won Best Role-Playing Game at the 2009 Origins Awards. Another game in this line is Torchbearer. The Burning Wheel The Burning Wheel is a fantasy role-playing game independently written and published by Luke Crane. The game uses a dice pool mechanic (using only standard six-sided dice) for task resolution and a character generation system that tracks the history and experiences of new characters from birth to the point they begin adventuring.","psg_id":"5635146"},{"title":"La Roue de la fortune","text":"2009, and Portugal (A Roda da Sorte) until 2009. Of these four specific versions, only Turkey's version is still on the air. (Poland would eventually get a new version in 2017; like the 2009 set, this one has the audience directly behind the contestants.) The French version of Wheel of Fortune had categories that are slightly variated from the U.S. version. La Roue de la fortune La Roue de la fortune was the French version of the popular US game show \"Wheel of Fortune\". It was originally hosted by Michel Robbe, with other notable hosts being Christophe Dechavanne and Victoria","psg_id":"9038064"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (Australian game show)","text":"on the wheel more than three times. On 15 July 1996, the Golden Wheel was replaced with a selection of five envelopes, similar to the system used in the U.S. version at the time (was used from 1989 to 2001, when the Golden Wheel was adopted in that version, although the prizes have always been concealed in an envelope that the host opens at the end of the round). About five weeks later due to lack of public support, the Golden Wheel returned and the number of car wedges decreased to two (featuring a Hyundai Elantra Sportswagon). From 2000-2004, a","psg_id":"7232262"},{"title":"Wheel of Fortune (1952 game show)","text":"better, having been worn down by \"Glamour\" and \"Ding Dong\" despite the former changing hosts on October 8 from Babbitt to Jack McCoy. \"Wheel\" bowed on November 6, 1953, with \"Glamour\" following suit on January 8, 1954; \"Ding Dong\" remained until the end of 1956. Despite its short run in America, the show found success in Australia on radio and the Nine Network from 1959–62. Originally hosted by series producer Reg Grundy, he was replaced by Walter Elliott in 1962. A similar carnival-style wheel was used in the original 1973 \"Wheel\" pilot (\"Shopper's Bazaar\"), although that wheel was operated by","psg_id":"8540382"},{"title":"The Entitled","text":"voice as a kidnapper. Paul leaves with his dad, watching the lights and police cornering off the gas station. The film was shot mostly in Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. The film was nominated for a Directors Guild of Canada Craft award in 2012. The Entitled The Entitled is a 2011 hostage suspense film written by William Morrissey. The film was released directly to DVD and Video on Demand. \"The Entitled\" is about three unemployed youngsters with anti social inclinations and bleak future, who kidnap the kids of three rich dads for ransom. Paul Dynan (Kevin Zegers) and his mother","psg_id":"17756832"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (1951 song)\",\n \"text\": \"Wheel of Fortune (1951 song) \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" is a popular song written by Bennie Benjamin and George David Weiss and published in 1951. It is best remembered in the 1952 hit version by Kay Starr. The song was originally recorded in 1951, for RCA by Johnny Hartman, and about the same time for Crescendo Records by Al Costello with the Walter Scott Orchestra. Several hit versions of \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" were released in 1952. The first chart hit was by the Eddie Wilcox Orchestra featuring Sunny Gale, whose version reached number 2 on the R&B chart and number 13\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5198771\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (1951 song)\",\n \"text\": \"on the pop chart. The most successful version was by Kay Starr, whose recording reached number 1 in the US pop chart in March 1952, staying there for ten weeks. Other hit versions in 1952 came from Dinah Washington (number 3, R&B), Bobby Wayne (number 6, pop), The Cardinals (number 6, R&B), and The Bell Sisters (number 10, pop). The song was also used as the theme to the television series \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\". Wheel of Fortune (1951 song) \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" is a popular song written by Bennie Benjamin and George David Weiss and published in 1951. It is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5198772\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Carcassonne: Wheel of Fortune\",\n \"text\": \"Carcassonne: Wheel of Fortune Carcassonne: Wheel of Fortune 2009 is a tile-based German-style board game developed by Klaus-Jürgen Wrede and distributed by Hans im Glück in German and Rio Grande Games in English. It is considered a game in the \\\"Carcassonne\\\" series, and is considered both as a standalone game as well as an expansion set to \\\"Carcassonne\\\". As \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" is a \\\"standalone expansion\\\" of \\\"Carcassonne\\\", \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" plays identically to \\\"Carcassonne\\\". \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" includes all of the tiles, except the starting tile, present in \\\"Carcassonne\\\", as well as the tiles from all expansions that do\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14125008\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"The Wheel of Fortune (novel) \\\"The Wheel of Fortune\\\" (1984) is a novel by Susan Howatch and recounts the trials and tribulations of a fictitious British family, the Godwins, who appear to be part of the minor aristocracy. As the title of the novel and Boethius' comments on Fortune as printed on the first page of the very first part suggest, defying the ravages of time and fate forms a central theme to this novel, where the six primary characters seek to challenge fate or to make their own destinies regardless of the social norms or circumstances of the time.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19505573\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"Gaunt) and Henry IV's eldest son King Henry V. The Wheel of Fortune (novel) \\\"The Wheel of Fortune\\\" (1984) is a novel by Susan Howatch and recounts the trials and tribulations of a fictitious British family, the Godwins, who appear to be part of the minor aristocracy. As the title of the novel and Boethius' comments on Fortune as printed on the first page of the very first part suggest, defying the ravages of time and fate forms a central theme to this novel, where the six primary characters seek to challenge fate or to make their own destinies regardless\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19505591\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Carcassonne: Wheel of Fortune\",\n \"text\": \"wheel score three points, except when there is only one follower on a wheel space that has two spaces on the rim, in which the follower scores six points. Followers on the wheel at the end of the game are not worth any points. Once scored, followers on the wheel are returned to their owners. \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" is fully compatible with \\\"Carcassonne\\\" and its expansions - when combined with \\\"Carcassonne\\\", only one set of player pieces (provided with both games) is used. \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" tiles are differentiated from \\\"Carcassonne\\\" tiles with a distinct logo on every tile, as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14125011\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Carcassonne: Wheel of Fortune\",\n \"text\": \"with all other \\\"Carcassonne\\\" expansions. \\\"Carcassonne: Wheel of Fortune\\\" was also packaged and released as part of \\\"Carcassonne Big Box 5\\\" in 2014. Also included in the set were the Carcassonne expansions \\\"Inns & Cathedrals\\\", \\\"Traders & Bulders\\\", \\\"Hills & Sheep\\\", and \\\"The River\\\". Carcassonne: Wheel of Fortune Carcassonne: Wheel of Fortune 2009 is a tile-based German-style board game developed by Klaus-Jürgen Wrede and distributed by Hans im Glück in German and Rio Grande Games in English. It is considered a game in the \\\"Carcassonne\\\" series, and is considered both as a standalone game as well as an expansion set\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14125012\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (house)\",\n \"text\": \"it in 1910. The house's name comes from a piece of land by the same name located along Muddy Branch south of Leipsic. While local lore claims the land was named as a play on owner John Chance's name, it was known as Wheel of Fortune at least three years before Chance acquired the land in 1738. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. Wheel of Fortune (house) Wheel of Fortune is a historic home located near Leipsic, Delaware. It was built in the 18th century, and is a two-story, five-bay, one room deep whitewashed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14521218\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (Tarot card)\",\n \"text\": \"wheel, alternating with the letters T-A-R-O are the Hebrew letters י-ה-ו-ה, usually transliterated as YHWH (Yahweh), the name of the God of Israel. A common aspect to most interpretations of this card within a reading is to introduce an element of change in the querent's life, such change being in station, position or fortune: such as the rich becoming poor, or the poor becoming rich. In the Mythic Tarot deck, the Wheel of Fortune is depicted by the Fates. Wheel of Fortune (Tarot card) Wheel of Fortune (X) is the tenth trump or Major Arcana card in most Tarot decks.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4944154\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune video games\",\n \"text\": \"Wheel of Fortune video games Wheel of Fortune is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin, premiering in 1975 with a syndicated version airing in 1983. Since 1986, the syndicated version has been adapted into various video games spanning numerous hardware generations. Most versions released in the 20th century were published by GameTek, which filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 1998. An Atari 2600 adaptation of \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" was planned by The Great Game Co. in 1983, but ended up being cancelled during development. In 1987 the first of GameTek's many \\\"Wheel\\\" games was published, with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5443991\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (horse)\",\n \"text\": \"a ranking of the best British racehorses of the 19th century. Wheel of Fortune was ranked in the top ten by eleven of the contributors, placing her twenty-sixth among all horses and making her the fifth highest-rated filly or mare behind Virago, Plaisanterie, Crucifix and Blink Bonny. Fred Archer was reported to have considered her the best filly or mare he ever rode. Wheel of Fortune was retired to stud by her owner at the end of 1879. In early 1884 Lord Falmouth abandoned his interest in racing and sold off all his horses. Wheel of Fortune was bought for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16333082\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (horse)\",\n \"text\": \"5500 guineas by the Duke of Portland and was moved to the Duke's stud at Welbeck Abbey where she was still living in 1900. As a broodmare her record was initially disappointing, although she did produce Oberon, the winner of the Lincolnshire Handicap in 1887. Through her daughter Donna Fortuna, however, she became the direct ancestor of many good German Thoroughbreds including the Deutsches Derby winners Zauberer and Navarino. Wheel of Fortune died in November 1903. Wheel of Fortune (horse) Wheel of Fortune (1876 – November 1903) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. In a career that lasted from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16333083\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (Tarot card)\",\n \"text\": \"Wheel of Fortune (Tarot card) Wheel of Fortune (X) is the tenth trump or Major Arcana card in most Tarot decks. It is used in game playing as well as in divination. The card pictured is the \\\"Wheel Of Fortune\\\" card from the A. E. Waite tarot deck. A. E. Waite was a key figure in the development of the Tarot in line with the Hermetic magical-religious system which was also being developed at the time, and this deck, as well as being in common use today, also forms the basis for a number of other modern tarot decks. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4944150\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (Australian game show)\",\n \"text\": \"Wheel of Fortune (Australian game show) Wheel of Fortune is an Australian television game show produced by Grundy Television (until 2006). The program aired on the Seven Network from 1981 to 2004 and January to July 2006 and is mostly based on the same general format as the original American version of the program. After \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" ended, the format was revived by the Nine Network in 2008 as \\\"Million Dollar Wheel of Fortune\\\", until it was cancelled in June 2008 due to low ratings and following arguments from long-time host John Burgess concerning why he did not like\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7232233\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune video games\",\n \"text\": \"to be manufactured by International Game Technology. Neither game features Sajak nor White, and both games support only one player. A \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" pinball machine was released in the fall of 2007 and was developed by Stern Pinball. It was designed by Kevin O'Connor and Margaret Hudson, and features the voices of Sajak and O'Donnell. Although White does appear with Sajak on the marquee, her voice is never heard in the game. Wheel of Fortune video games Wheel of Fortune is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin, premiering in 1975 with a syndicated version airing in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5444004\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (horse)\",\n \"text\": \"of Fortune she also produced the 1000 Guineas winner Spinaway (the dam of Busybody) and was the direct female ancestor of many good horses including The Derby winners My Babu and Larkspur and the Belmont Stakes winner Celtic Ash. Falmouth sent the filly to be trained at Heath House stable by Mathew Dawson. She was ridden in most of her races by Fred Archer the thirteen times Champion Jockey. At Dawson's stables, Wheel of Fortune was noted for her enormous appetite and particular fondness for oranges, nuts and meat-pies. Wheel of Fortune made her first appearance in July when she\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16333074\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (horse)\",\n \"text\": \"Wheel of Fortune (horse) Wheel of Fortune (1876 – November 1903) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. In a career that lasted from July 1878 to August 1879 she ran eleven times and won ten races. She was the best British two-year-old of either sex in 1878, when she went unbeaten in six races. The following year she won the 1000 Guineas, The Oaks, the Prince of Wales's Stakes and the Yorkshire Oaks before being injured when suffering her only defeat. She was retired from racing at the end of 1879 and became a modestly successful broodmare. Wheel of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16333072\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (horse)\",\n \"text\": \"Fortune was regarded by contemporary experts as one of the best racemares of the 19th century. Wheel of Fortune was a small but \\\"beautiful\\\" bay filly standing just over 15 hands high, bred at Mereworth by her owner Evelyn Boscawen, 6th Viscount Falmouth. Her sire, Adventurer won the Gold Vase at Royal Ascot and two runnings of the City and Suburban Handicap at Epsom. At stud, his other winners included the Fillies' Triple Crown winner Apology. Wheel of Fortune's dam, Queen Bertha, won the Oaks in 1863 and went on to become a successful and influential broodmare. Apart from Wheel\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16333073\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (house)\",\n \"text\": \"Wheel of Fortune (house) Wheel of Fortune is a historic home located near Leipsic, Delaware. It was built in the 18th century, and is a two-story, five-bay, one room deep whitewashed brick dwelling in the Georgian style. It has a gable roof and the front facade features a one-bay entrance portico. It has a two-story rear wing, that originally contained a kitchen and servants quarters. Also on the property are a contributing meat house and milk house. The property was owned by Congressman John A. Nicholson (1827-1906) before 1888, and later by U.S. Senator James H. Hughes (1867-1953), who purchased\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14521217\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (Ace of Base song)\",\n \"text\": \"Wheel of Fortune (Ace of Base song) \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" is a song by Swedish pop group Ace of Base, and also their debut single. It was first released in the Nordics in April 1992 through Danish Mega Records as the first single from the album \\\"Happy Nation\\\". It was re-released worldwide in April 1993 after the success of \\\"All That She Wants\\\". The single peaked within the top 10 in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain and Switzerland. And within the top 20 in Finland, Iceland, Ireland and the UK. \\\"Wheel Of Fortune\\\" is a reggae tinged\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9328807\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Carcassonne: Wheel of Fortune\",\n \"text\": \"not involve any new mechanics (primarily from \\\"Carcassonne: Inns and Cathedrals\\\", \\\"Carcassonne: Traders and Builders\\\", and \\\"Carcassonne: King and Scout\\\"). However, certain tiles have additional markings significant to this expansion. The new feature of \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" is the namesake wheel, which takes the place of the starting tile. The wheel consists of a number of spaces, and players, in place of placing followers on the tile they just played, may place tiles on spaces along the rim of the wheel. Each space on the wheel may have one or two spaces on the rim. In addition, a pig-shaped marker\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14125009\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (1952 game show)\",\n \"text\": \"Melbourne version of \\\"Tell the Truth\\\". Wheel of Fortune (1952 game show) Wheel of Fortune is an American game show which ran from 1952 to 1953 on CBS in both daytime (October 3, 1952 – December 25, 1953) and nighttime (July 7 – September 15, 1953). It was presented by Todd Russell and narrated by Hal Sims. Another American game show also titled Wheel of Fortune, that was produced by Merv Griffin and which debuted in 1975, had no connection to the original 1952 game show, although both followed a similar type of format, featuring cash and prizes that could\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8540385\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (1952 game show)\",\n \"text\": \"Wheel of Fortune (1952 game show) Wheel of Fortune is an American game show which ran from 1952 to 1953 on CBS in both daytime (October 3, 1952 – December 25, 1953) and nighttime (July 7 – September 15, 1953). It was presented by Todd Russell and narrated by Hal Sims. Another American game show also titled Wheel of Fortune, that was produced by Merv Griffin and which debuted in 1975, had no connection to the original 1952 game show, although both followed a similar type of format, featuring cash and prizes that could be won by contestants, and both\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8540378\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)\",\n \"text\": \"show, with contestants given the chance to spin the wheel to win a jackpot prize. Since 1996, over 200 slot games based on the show have been created, both for real-world casinos and those on the Internet. With over 1,000 wins awarded in excess of $1,000,000 and over $3 billion in jackpots delivered, \\\"Wheel\\\" has been regarded as the most successful slots brand of all time. Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show) Wheel of Fortune (often known simply as Wheel) is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin that debuted in 1975. The show features a competition in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14175951\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)\",\n \"text\": \"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show) Wheel of Fortune (often known simply as Wheel) is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin that debuted in 1975. The show features a competition in which contestants solve word puzzles, similar to those used in Hangman, to win cash and prizes determined by spinning a giant carnival wheel. \\\"Wheel\\\" originally aired as a daytime series on NBC from January 6, 1975, to June 30, 1989. After some changes were made to its format, the daytime series moved to CBS from July 17, 1989, to January 11, 1991. It then returned to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14175882\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)\",\n \"text\": \"Time for Tony\\\" (whose basic melody evolved into \\\"Think!\\\", the longtime theme song for \\\"Jeopardy!\\\"), \\\"Buzzword\\\" (later used as the theme for \\\"Merv Griffin's Crosswords\\\"), \\\"Nightwalk\\\", \\\"Struttin' on Sunset\\\", and an untitled vacation cue. Anyone at least 18 years old has the potential to become a contestant through \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\"s audition process. Exceptions include employees and immediate family members of CBS Corporation, Sony Pictures Entertainment, or any of their respective affiliates or subsidiaries; any firm involved in supplying prizes for the show; and television stations that broadcast \\\"Wheel\\\" and/or \\\"Jeopardy!\\\", their sister radio stations, and those advertising agencies that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14175934\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (horse)\",\n \"text\": \"started at odds of 1/3 for the Oaks in a field of eight runners. Archer settled the favourite in third or fourth place on the inside as the Yorkshire-trained Coromandel made the running until the turn into the straight. Two furlongs from the finish Wheel of Fortune moved up alongside the leader and then went quickly clear to come home \\\"the easiest of winners\\\" by three lengths from Coromandel with Adventure finishing a distant third. Wheel of Fortune reappeared at Royal Ascot on 13 June in the Prince of Wales's Stakes in which she conceded weight to a field of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16333079\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (horse)\",\n \"text\": \"May, two days after Charibert's classic win at Newmarket, Wheel of Fortune began her three-year-old career in the 1000 Guineas at the same course. She started at odds of 8/13 against seven other fillies. Archer restrained the filly at the back of the field in the early stages before allowing her to move forward at half way. She moved through the field to take the lead a furlong from the finish and pulled clear to win very easily by four lengths from Abbaye with Reconciliation a further six lengths back in third. On 30 May at Epsom, Wheel of Fortune\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16333078\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (horse)\",\n \"text\": \"top class colts and fillies. She was held up by Archer until the straight, and then showed impressive acceleration to settle the race in a few strides and won easily by one and a half lengths from Adventure with Rayon d'Or in third. Wheel of Fortune was then aimed at the St Leger and was made 6/4 favourite for the Doncaster race. In August Wheel of Fortune was sent to York where she won the Yorkshire Oaks and, despite signs of swelling in her left foreleg, she ran again two days later in the Great Yorkshire Stakes. In this race\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16333080\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune video games\",\n \"text\": \"own. In 2007 Sony Online Entertainment produced a PC version of the show titled \\\"Wheel of Fortune Deluxe\\\", sharing publishing duties with Encore, Inc. Encore followed that up with a \\\"Super Deluxe\\\" version of the game in 2008. Sony Pictures Digital and Game Show Network's interactive division released a free \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" game on Facebook. It combined most aspects of the TV game show and allowed players to become contestants competing for virtual currency, called \\\"Wheel Bucks,\\\" by playing a \\\"Main Round\\\" puzzle on their own and a \\\"Bonus Round\\\" puzzle allowing them to collaborate with their Facebook friends\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5444002\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune video games\",\n \"text\": \"solved it, the machine would reveal the puzzle and terminate the round. In 1990, GameTek created a \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" game for the Game Boy. Then in 1997, Tiger Electronics released two adaptations of the show for its Game.com system, which allows players to use the console's touchscreen to select letters. Additionally, Majesco Entertainment once planned a \\\"Wheel\\\" adaptation of its own for the Game Boy Color but that was cancelled. On November 2, 2010, THQ published a Nintendo DS \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" video game developed by Griptonite Games, which allows players to customize and name their player character. Additionally,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5443999\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (Australian game show)\",\n \"text\": \"include: At the time of going to air, champion Luke Seager (2004) was the 4th biggest winner of all time, and the second longest champion in terms of nights on air represented. Luke credited his longevity on the wheel (10 nights) to the fact that most newcomers to the show did not comprehend the importance of controlling the wheel. His reign as champion still rates amongst the highest ratings period the program has ever enjoyed. \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" in Australia has had many hosts, hostesses and announcers through its long history. They include: Wheel of Fortune (Australian game show) Wheel\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7232267\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" is part of the Sony Pictures Studios tour, and was introduced on the episode aired May 10, 2010. Located in the same stage as the show's taping facility, this hall of fame features memorabilia related to \\\"Wheel\\\"s syndicated history, including retired props, classic merchandise, photographs, videos, and a special case dedicated to White's wardrobe. Two years later, in 2012, the show was honored with a Ride of Fame on a double decker tour bus in New York City. Numerous board games based on \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" have been released by different toy companies. The games are all\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14175948\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (Tarot card)\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Wheel Of Fortune\\\" card, like other cards of the Major Arcana, varies widely in depiction between Tarot decks. The card has been modeled ever since the tarot's inception in the 15th century after the medieval concept of \\\"Rota Fortunae\\\", the wheel of the goddess Fortuna. Images generally show a six- or eight-spoked wheel, often attended or crested by an individual (sometimes human; sometimes a Sphinx-like half-human) attired in an Egyptian-style headdress. In some decks, such as the AG Müller, the wheel is also attended by an individual wearing a blindfold; and often there are people sitting or riding on the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4944151\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune video games\",\n \"text\": \"White. In 2012 THQ-published versions developed by Pipeworks Software appeared for the PlayStation 3, the Wii U, and Microsoft's Xbox 360. On November 7, 2017, Ubisoft released video games based on \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. The game comes in digital download as well as a bundle retail version with \\\"Jeopardy!\\\". This version of \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" features Classic and Quick modes, as well as online multiplayer options like leaderboards and voice chat. It includes over 4,000 puzzles and a leveling system that enables players to unlock 250 new customization items that can be used on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5443997\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (UK game show)\",\n \"text\": \"Wheel of Fortune (UK game show) Wheel of Fortune was a British television game show based on the American show of the same name created by Merv Griffin. Contestants compete to solve word puzzles, similar to those used in Hangman, to win cash and prizes. The title refers to the show's giant carnival wheel that contestants spin throughout the course of the game to determine their cash and/or prizes. The programme aired between 19 July 1988 and 21 December 2001 and was produced by Scottish Television (STV) for the ITV network - having effectively replaced \\\"Now You See It\\\" as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8664054\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (New Zealand game show)\",\n \"text\": \"Wheel of Fortune (New Zealand game show) Wheel of Fortune was a long-running New Zealand television game show that was last hosted by television personality Jason Gunn and co-host Sonia Gray. It was broadcast on TV2 from 1991 to 1996 and on TV ONE from 2008 to 2009. The original New Zealand version of the popular American game show Wheel of Fortune was first broadcast in February 1991, on TVNZ channel TV2, at 5:30pm. The show, which was heavily modeled after Australia's version, was originally hosted by Phillip Leishman with co-host Lana Coc-Kroft, along with Grant Walker (also doing New\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13285564\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (Philippine game show)\",\n \"text\": \"the show. However, the actual P100,000 space and the actual Power and Jackpot wedges all have holographic backgrounds, which is difficult to be replicated in simulated conditions. Wheel of Fortune (Philippine game show) There are two Philippine versions of Wheel of Fortune. The first was aired on ABC aired from November 19, 2001 to May 2002. It was hosted by Rustom Padilla (main host) and Victoria London (puzzle assistant). The second and more recent one was a program that aired on ABS-CBN, with Kris Aquino as main host, while Zara Aldana and Jasmine Fitzgerald alternated as puzzle assistants for each\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11266951\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (Ace of Base song)\",\n \"text\": \"FM on 3 December 2007. The song entered the Radio Aachen chart in Germany at #26 on 15 December 2007. It also entered the Euro WebCharts at #5 in the last week of 2007 and eventually reached #1. Cover Version In 1993, Hong Kong singer Shirley Kwan covered this song in Cantonese. Wheel of Fortune (Ace of Base song) \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" is a song by Swedish pop group Ace of Base, and also their debut single. It was first released in the Nordics in April 1992 through Danish Mega Records as the first single from the album \\\"Happy Nation\\\".\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9328812\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune video games\",\n \"text\": \"to increase their winnings. The game was later moved to GSN's \\\"Games by GSN Casino\\\" with better graphics, faster load times, the ability to amass collections and win trophies, and a full-screen mode, but eventually the game was taken down. The \\\"Games by GSN Casino\\\" has also featured a \\\"Wheel of Fortune Slots\\\" game that abides by the basic rules of slots games but incorporates aspects of the actual show in various ways, such as featuring a bonus game where players can spin the Wheel to increase their earnings; this is the only one of \\\"Wheel\\\"s many slots games not\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5444003\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)\",\n \"text\": \"are affiliated with them. Also ineligible to apply as contestants are individuals who have appeared on a different game show within the previous year, three other game shows within the past ten years, or on any version of \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" itself. Throughout the year, the show uses a custom-designed Winnebago recreational vehicle called the \\\"Wheelmobile\\\" to travel across the United States, holding open auditions at various public venues. Participants are provided with entry forms which are then drawn randomly. Individuals whose names are drawn appear on stage, five at a time, and are interviewed by traveling host Marty Lublin.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14175935\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune video games\",\n \"text\": \"1990, GameTek created five \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" computer games for the Apple II, Commodore 64, and MS-DOS. On November 15, 1998, Hasbro Interactive released a PC version of its own, where Vanna White is joined by the then-current \\\"Wheel\\\" announcer, Charlie O'Donnell (but not Pat Sajak). In 2000 Infogrames Entertainment produced a PC version of the show for Macintosh computers, with MacSoft as its developer. That same year, Hasbro released a second PC version of \\\"Wheel\\\", which like the aforementioned PlayStation equivalent features a behind-the-scenes interview and a qualifying exam. Atari's 2003 follow-up also saw a PC version of its\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5444001\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (Australian game show)\",\n \"text\": \"those viewers earning the prizes and total of the amounts their winning celebrity spun during the game in actual cash. At the end of the week, all those winning home viewers were entered in a drawing to win a car. There was also a brief Saturday Night series airing in 1990 and 1991 called \\\"Celebrity Wheel of Fortune\\\". On 21 March 2006, \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" celebrated a major milestone, as its 5,000th episode went to air on the Seven Network. An extra element was added to the special show: the chance to win $5,000 in cash. Two yellow \\\"$5,000\\\" wedges\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7232265\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (UK game show)\",\n \"text\": \"May. During the thirteenth series, most ITV regions broadcast episodes at 5.30pm from 2 January to 22 June 2001, except for Meridian, Yorkshire, Tyne Tees, before being switched to a Saturday afternoon slot until 4 August 2001. The final thirty episodes (series fourteen) were networked at 2.40pm, from 12 November to 21 December. Wheel of Fortune (UK game show) Wheel of Fortune was a British television game show based on the American show of the same name created by Merv Griffin. Contestants compete to solve word puzzles, similar to those used in Hangman, to win cash and prizes. The title\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8664074\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (Philippine game show)\",\n \"text\": \"Wheel of Fortune (Philippine game show) There are two Philippine versions of Wheel of Fortune. The first was aired on ABC aired from November 19, 2001 to May 2002. It was hosted by Rustom Padilla (main host) and Victoria London (puzzle assistant). The second and more recent one was a program that aired on ABS-CBN, with Kris Aquino as main host, while Zara Aldana and Jasmine Fitzgerald alternated as puzzle assistants for each puzzle. Aquino's version (known in this article from this point onwards as \\\"the ABS-CBN version\\\") started on January 14, 2008. Advertisements for the ABS-CBN version started during\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11266946\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune video games\",\n \"text\": \"of bankruptcy. The Sega CD and N64 versions of \\\"Wheel\\\" both feature full-motion video footage of White as host. The N64 version, in particular, received a score of 6.4 out of 10 from IGN, which praised it for \\\"[managing] to do a respectable job duplicating the feel of the show, with smooth camera movements and a polygonal spinning wheel\\\". \\\"Next Generation\\\" reviewed the Sega CD version of the game, rating it two stars out of five, and stated that \\\"Even as a party game, \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" doesn't cut it.\\\" Artech Studios and Hasbro Interactive produced a video game adaptation\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5443994\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Changeling: The Autobiography of Mike Oldfield\",\n \"text\": \"Changeling: The Autobiography of Mike Oldfield Changeling () is a 2007 autobiography by Mike Oldfield. It was published in May 2007 by Virgin Books. In May 2008 \\\"Changeling\\\" was re-released in a paperback edition. \\\"Changeling\\\" was published by Virgin Books, the publishing arm of the conglomerate Virgin Group whose Virgin Records business was launched with the release of Oldfield's debut album, \\\"Tubular Bells\\\". The book mainly focuses on Oldfield's life and early career, from his humble beginnings with his family, through his tough musical teenage years and finding fame and fortune with \\\"Tubular Bells\\\". \\\"Changeling\\\" also goes into Oldfield's years\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10567083\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune video games\",\n \"text\": \"a number of \\\"Wheel\\\" games have been released for mobile telephones. On May 2, 2005, InfoSpace's \\\"Atlas Mobile\\\" studio created a tournament-style game based on the show as part of its \\\"For Prizes\\\" lineup of games allowing players to win free gift certificates; this game is set to a time limit of five minutes and requires players to complete the regular rounds in five turns or less apiece. Subsequent mobile phone incarnations of the show were released by Sony Pictures Mobile in 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012. \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" has also been adapted for personal computers. From 1987 through\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5444000\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (Australian game show)\",\n \"text\": \"year upon solving a puzzle, contestants could choose one of three prizes offered to them. This would continue until 2004 when it was reduced to two prizes. On \\\"Million Dollar Wheel of Fortune\\\", solving a puzzle allowed that player to bank any cash accumulated up to that point (the rule in the U.S. version since 1987). At some point, when time is running short, a bell rings off camera to indicate the Final Spin of the Wheel. The host spins the Wheel and all remaining consonants in the puzzle are worth the value of the spin. The player in control\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7232256\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (New Zealand game show)\",\n \"text\": \"temporarily took Sonia's role on the show until she returned in May, 2009. It was announced on 2 May 2009 that the series was being cancelled after only one year on air. The reasons given by TVNZ for the cancellation were lower ratings than the previous season, decreased advertising revenue and the high cost of producing the show. Lower ratings may have resulted after reformatting of the show interrupted its flow due to an increased emphasis on 'Speed Digits'. The last show was screened in June 2009. Wheel of Fortune (New Zealand game show) Wheel of Fortune was a long-running\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13285567\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)\",\n \"text\": \"letter in the answer, and punctuation revealed as needed. Most puzzles are straightforward figures of speech that fit within a mostly static list of categories, and this list has evolved over the course of the series. Crossword puzzles were added to the rotation in 2016. In such rounds, a clue bonding the words in the puzzle is given instead of a traditional category, and contestants win by solving all the words in the crossword. The titular Wheel of Fortune is a roulette-style wheel mechanism with 24 spaces, most of which are labeled with dollar amounts ranging from $500 to $900,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14175886\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)\",\n \"text\": \"and prizes to contestants. The popularity of \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" has led it to become a worldwide franchise, with over forty known adaptations in international markets outside the United States. Versions of the show have existed in such countries as Australia, Denmark, France, , Italy, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Poland, Russia, Spain, United Kingdom and Vietnam (\\\"Chiec Non Ky Dieu\\\"). The American version of \\\"Wheel\\\" has honored its international variants with an occasional theme of special weeks known as \\\"Wheel Around the World\\\", the inaugural episode of which aired when the 23rd syndicated season premiered on September 12, 2005.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14175943\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (1952 game show)\",\n \"text\": \"had the same respective logo visible in the center of the wheel. The series involved rewarding everyday people who had done good deeds in their life by having their stories told on national TV, then allowing them to spin a carnival-style prize wheel onstage and being awarded that prize. Occasionally, the lucky spin gave the good Samaritan a chance to win up to $1,000 by answering trivia questions. The show's theme was Kay Starr's version of the song \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\", which was released in the first two months of 1952 and beginning on February 8 ran 22 weeks on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8540379\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (1952 game show)\",\n \"text\": \"a motor. A further (and far more explicit) connection arrived in 1981, when Grundy debuted his adaptation of Griffin's \\\"Wheel\\\" which (like its American counterpart) also had a very long and successful run on the Seven Network until 2006. A short-lived remake and revival called \\\"Million Dollar Wheel of Fortune\\\" hosted by Tim Campbell and Kelly Landry ran on the Nine Network for a brief period in 2008. The \\\"Million Dollar Wedge\\\" concept has been carried over to the original American version since its 26th season debut in the same year. The American series is believed to be destroyed as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8540383\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (horse)\",\n \"text\": \"she tracked the colt Ruperra and the two pulled clear of the other runners in the closing stages, but when Archer attempted to send the filly past her rival she began to struggle and was beaten by a length. Wheel of Fortune returned from the race lame and after showing signs of improvement she pulled up lame again after exercise the following week. On 6 September she was scratched (withdrawn) from the St Leger which was won in her absence by Rayon d'Or. In May 1886 \\\"The Sporting Times\\\" carried out a poll of one hundred racing experts to create\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16333081\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (horse)\",\n \"text\": \"undefeated in six races, having won more than £7,665 in prize money. She was regarded by press commentators as by far the best juvenile of either sex to have run in Britain that year. Wheel of Fortune made good physical progress over the winter and her performance in training was impressive: according to one rumour she had defeated the 1877 Epsom Derby winner Silvio and the 1878 Oaks and St Leger winner Jannette in a private trial, and she was reported to be at least ten pounds superior to her stable companion Charibert, who won the 2000 Guineas. On 2\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16333077\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)\",\n \"text\": \"changed weekly. Any prize that was won was taken out of rotation for the rest of the week. During seasons 16 through 18 (1998–2001), the $25,000 remained in-place the entire week of shows regardless if it was won. At the start of season 19 on September 3, 2001, there were three car envelopes and two $25,000 envelopes, which were available the entire week of shows. These envelopes were replaced with the bonus wheel on October 22, 2001. Merv Griffin conceived \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" just as the original version of \\\"Jeopardy!\\\", another show he had created, was ending its 11-year run\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14175907\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (UK game show)\",\n \"text\": \"for an opponent who had won nothing to pick a prize, and Leslie always upheld the request. All contestants in all series, win or lose, went home with a \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" watch (and sometimes other Wheel-related merchandise). In the final, the winning contestant had a free choice of five consonants and one vowel in order to help them identify the answer within 15 seconds to the puzzle and win the prize. In the ninth episode of the second series and the thirteenth episode of the fourth series, the contestants were brides and in the twelfth episode of the third\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8664068\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)\",\n \"text\": \"a series of substitutes filled out the rest of the season, including Gilbert, John Cramer, Joe Cipriano, Rich Fields, Lora Cain and Jim Thornton. For the show's twenty-ninth season, which began in 2011, Thornton was chosen to be the new announcer for \\\"Wheel\\\", and has been with the show ever since. \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" typically employs a total of 100 in-house production personnel, with 60 to 100 local staff joining them for those episodes that are taped on location. Griffin was the executive producer of the network version throughout its entire run, and served as the syndicated version's executive producer\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14175922\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)\",\n \"text\": \"Between September 1997 and January 1998, CBS and Game Show Network concurrently aired a special children's version of the show titled \\\"Wheel 2000\\\". It was hosted by David Sidoni, with Tanika Ray providing voice and motion capture for a virtual reality hostess named \\\"Cyber Lucy\\\". Created by Scott Sternberg, the spin-off featured special gameplay in which numerous rules were changed. For example, the show's child contestants competed for points and prizes instead of cash, with the eventual winner playing for a grand prize in the bonus round. \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" has long been one of the highest-rated programs on U.S.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14175944\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)\",\n \"text\": \"and the contestant had 30 seconds to call out consonants in the puzzle. Edd Byrnes, an actor from \\\"77 Sunset Strip\\\", served as host for the second and third pilots, both titled \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\". These pilots were directed by Marty Pasetta, who gave the show a \\\"Vegas\\\" feel that more closely resembled the look and feel that the actual show ended up having, a wheel that was now spun by the contestants themselves, and a lighted mechanical puzzle board with letters that were now manually turnable. Showcase prizes on these pilots were located behind the puzzle board, and during\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14175911\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (Ace of Base song)\",\n \"text\": \"chair on the middle of a big wheel of fortune. Then different characters appear along the video. Like a boxing blonde, a little girl playing with an hourglass, a bride in an wedding dress, an angel playing with a golden ball and an older couple. Sometimes the woman in the chair also appears with a man or with the older couple. In between these characters, we see the four members of Ace of Base performing standing together in a circle with their backs against each other. Linn sometimes sings in the chair on the wheel. Other times she sings standing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9328809\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune video games\",\n \"text\": \"edition in November 2003. On March 19, 2009, Sony Online Entertainment released a version of the show for the PlayStation 3 through the PlayStation Network; Chris Roper of IGN gave that version a 5.8 out of 10, saying that it felt \\\"empty and lifeless\\\" for not featuring any host or hostess or any voice work whatsoever, and also criticized the graphic quality, saying that the game was \\\"not fully polished\\\". On November 2, 2010, THQ released video games based on \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" for Nintendo's Wii console. This set of games is the first to feature Sajak as well as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5443996\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)\",\n \"text\": \"Contestants not appearing on stage at Wheelmobile events have their applications retained and get drawn at random to fill second-level audition vacancies. At the second audition, potential contestants play more mock games featuring a miniature wheel and puzzle board, followed by a 16-puzzle test with some letters revealed. The contestants have five minutes to solve as many puzzles as they can by writing in the correct letters. The people who pass continue the audition, playing more mock games which are followed by interviews. \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" premiered on January 6, 1975, at 10:30 am (9:30 Central) on NBC. Lin Bolen,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14175937\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune video games\",\n \"text\": \"contestants or the studio set. In 1988, Mattel created a \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" game that allowed playing along with the TV show. At that time, the show would include encoded data at the beginning of each round, seen as flickering in the TV picture, that the Mattel machine could \\\"download\\\" to receive the puzzle and timing information for when letters were revealed in the puzzle. The game allowed players to \\\"spin\\\" and guess letters in the puzzle, buy vowels, and solve the puzzle. If a contestant on the TV show solved the puzzle before a person playing the Mattel machine\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5443998\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)\",\n \"text\": \"points until Cisneros became full-time director in November 2013. Ennis returned as guest director for the weeks airing October 13 through 17 and November 17 through 21, 2014, as Cisneros was recovering from neck surgery at the time of taping. With the start of the 33rd season on September 14, 2015, Ennis was promoted to full-time director. \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" is owned by Sony Pictures Television (previously known as Columbia TriStar Television, the successor company to original producer Merv Griffin Enterprises). The production company and copyright holder of all episodes to date is \\\"Califon Productions, Inc.\\\", which like SPT has\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14175925\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)\",\n \"text\": \"since its inception. \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" ranks as the longest-running syndicated game show in the United States, with over 6,000 episodes aired. \\\"TV Guide\\\" named it the \\\"top-rated syndicated series\\\" in a 2008 article, and in 2013, the magazine ranked it at No. 2 in its list of the 60 greatest game shows ever. The program has also come to gain a worldwide following with sixty international adaptations. The syndicated series' 36th season premiered on September 10, 2018. The core game is based on Hangman. Each round has a category and a blank word puzzle, with each blank representing a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14175885\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (Australian game show)\",\n \"text\": \"the revamped format. The rights to the show are currently owned by Network Ten, which now owns the video and format rights through its parent company, CBS Studios International, which holds international rights as the American version is distributed by the company's broadcast syndication arm. An earlier unrelated show also titled \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" had been broadcast on the Nine Network. That version had been developed by Reg Grundy as a radio game show before it transferred to television in 1959. In 2010, hostess Adriana Xenides died after a long battle with illness; she had been listed in the Guinness\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7232234\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Autobiography of Charles Darwin\",\n \"text\": \"removed several passages about Darwin's critical views of God and Christianity. The omitted passages were later restored by Darwin's granddaughter Nora Barlow in a 1958 edition to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the publication of \\\"The Origin of Species\\\". This edition was published in London by Collins under the title of \\\"The Autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809-1882. With the original omissions restored. Edited and with appendix and notes by his granddaughter Nora Barlow\\\". The Autobiography of Charles Darwin The Autobiography of Charles Darwin is an autobiography by the English naturalist Charles Darwin. Darwin wrote the text, which he entitled \\\"Recollections\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4849402\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Carcassonne: Wheel of Fortune\",\n \"text\": \"begins on the wheel, and is moved whenever a tiles with certain markings are drawn. When these tiles are drawn, the marker is advanced clockwise along the wheel the number of spaces stated on the tile. The space on the wheel is resolved, and followers on the rim of the particular space are scored, before the tile is placed. Wheel effects include scoring by all players for certain types of followers (including unplayed followers), scoring by only the player on move, or the removal of a follower on the board (except on the wheel) by all players. Followers on the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14125010\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (Philippine game show)\",\n \"text\": \"that station's coverage of the Mayweather-Hatton fight on December 9, 2007. It involved a puzzle that would reveal the title of the show. Then advertisements urged viewers to join via text messaging. Despite \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" having two Philippine versions, the ABS-CBN version, as well as several of its advertisements and press releases, do not seem to recognize Rustom Padilla's version (known from this point as \\\"the ABC version\\\"). The ABS-CBN version ended its run on July 25, 2008. Unlike the ABC version, which ended unceremoniously, this one formally had its last episode, with games competed by teams each composed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11266947\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (Australian game show)\",\n \"text\": \"unaired episodes from 2005 at the 10am timeslot. These were hosted by 2004 host Steve Oemcke, and clearly produced before it was decided to rest the show in 2005. In May 2008, the Nine Network revived the show in a revamped form known as \\\"Million Dollar Wheel of Fortune\\\", hosted by former \\\"Home and Away\\\" actor Tim Campbell, with Kelly Landry as co-host. and airing from GTV-9 in Melbourne. The biggest changes in this version included the possibility to win a new grand prize of $1 million, alongside an increased standard top prize of $200,000, and players actually playing for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7232242\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (Australian game show)\",\n \"text\": \"Network denied this story. In any event, Burgess was quickly given a contract by the Nine Network to host the game show \\\"Catch Phrase\\\" (later retitled \\\"Burgo's Catch Phrase\\\") that would be \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\"'s rival for a few more years. Adriana Xenides, who had been the show's co-hostess and letter-turner since its premiere, fell sick — ultimately suffering from depression and what she called a \\\"physical breakdown\\\". Barber appeared at the start of the 1997 series premiere to introduce and hand the show over to Rob Elliott with former \\\"Perfect Match\\\" hostess Kerrie Friend replacing Xenides for the next\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7232240\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Autobiography of Charles Darwin\",\n \"text\": \"The Autobiography of Charles Darwin The Autobiography of Charles Darwin is an autobiography by the English naturalist Charles Darwin. Darwin wrote the text, which he entitled \\\"Recollections of the Development of my Mind and Character\\\", for his family. He states that he started writing it on about May 28, 1876 and had finished it by August 3. The text was published in 1887 (five years after Darwin's death) by John Murray as part of \\\"The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, including an autobiographical chapter\\\". The text printed in \\\"Life and Letters\\\" was edited by Darwin's son Francis Darwin, who\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4849401\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (Australian game show)\",\n \"text\": \"World Records as the longest-serving hostess of a television game show until it was surpassed by her US counterpart in 2001. In 1981, the Grundy Organisation purchased the rights to Merv Griffin's American game show \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" and created a faithful reproduction of the American series, as they had done with many other game shows. The new show began airing on the Seven Network on 21 July 1981 at 5:00PM, and was produced at the studios of ADS-7 in Adelaide. The show's production moved to SAS-7 when ADS and SAS swapped network affiliations and channel frequencies at the end\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7232235\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)\",\n \"text\": \"shopping segments a list of prizes and their price values scrolled on the right of the screen. By the time production began in December 1974, Woolery was selected to host, the choice being made by Griffin after he reportedly heard Byrnes reciting \\\"A-E-I-O-U\\\" to himself in an effort to remember the vowels. Susan Stafford turned the letters on Byrnes' pilot episodes, a role that she also held when the show was picked up as a series. The original host of \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" was Chuck Woolery, who hosted the series from its 1975 premiere until December 25, 1981, save for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14175912\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Autobiography\",\n \"text\": \"the Rye\\\" is a well-known modern example of fictional autobiography. Charlotte Brontë's \\\"Jane Eyre\\\" is yet another example of fictional autobiography, as noted on the front page of the original version. The term may also apply to works of fiction purporting to be autobiographies of real characters, e.g., Robert Nye's \\\"Memoirs of Lord Byron\\\". In antiquity such works were typically entitled \\\"apologia,\\\" purporting to be self-justification rather than self-documentation. John Henry Newman's Christian confessional work (first published in 1864) is entitled \\\"Apologia Pro Vita Sua\\\" in reference to this tradition. The Jewish historian Flavius Josephus introduces his autobiography (\\\"Josephi Vita\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"23890\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (New Zealand game show)\",\n \"text\": \"show could not compete with the 6pm news shows on TV ONE and TV3. On 14 April 2008 the New Zealand version of Wheel of Fortune returned again to TVNZ channel TV ONE. The show returned with new hosts Jason Gunn and Sonia Gray. The show now airs at 5:30pm local time. At the conclusion of filming of the 2008 season TVNZ announced the show will return in 2009 bigger and better. Additionally Jason Gunn officially announced that his co-host Sonia Gray was pregnant with twins and that she would return to co-host the show after her pregnancy. Greer Robson\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13285566\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (Tarot card)\",\n \"text\": \"wheel whilst others are shown falling from it. The wheel is not always shown inscribed with any lettering. Where this is the case, the letters T-A-R-O (clockwise) or T-O-R-A (counter clockwise) can often be found aligned against four of the spokes, which can also be interpreted as R-O-T-A, the Latin word meaning \\\"wheel\\\". In some decks, such as the Waite, the wheel is also inscribed with additional alchemical symbols representing the four elements: Earth, Air, Fire and Water (which are also said to be represented throughout the Tarot by the four \\\"suits\\\" of Pentacles or Discs, Swords, Wands, and Cups\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4944152\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel 2000\",\n \"text\": \"the program in a grand finale. Host David Sidoni now works as a real estate agent. Official Website Wheel 2000 Wheel 2000 (also known as Wheel of Fortune 2000) is a children's version of the American game show \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" (and the last version of Wheel of any sort to air on Daytime television). The show was created by Scott Sternberg and was hosted by David Sidoni, with Tanika Ray providing voice work and motion capture for a virtual reality hostess named \\\"Cyber Lucy\\\". The show premiered on September 13, 1997 on CBS, aired as part of the network's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6997138\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel 2000\",\n \"text\": \"Wheel 2000 Wheel 2000 (also known as Wheel of Fortune 2000) is a children's version of the American game show \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" (and the last version of Wheel of any sort to air on Daytime television). The show was created by Scott Sternberg and was hosted by David Sidoni, with Tanika Ray providing voice work and motion capture for a virtual reality hostess named \\\"Cyber Lucy\\\". The show premiered on September 13, 1997 on CBS, aired as part of the network's attempt to meet the then-new E/I mandates during its Saturday morning block, and ran through February 7, 1998\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6997132\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Autobiography of a Flea\",\n \"text\": \"The Autobiography of a Flea The Autobiography of a Flea is an anonymous erotic novel first published in 1887 in London by Edward Avery. Later research has revealed that the author was a London lawyer of the time named Stanislas de Rhodes. The story is narrated by a flea who tells the tale of a beautiful young girl named Bella, whose burgeoning sexuality is taken advantage of by her young lover Charlie, the local priest Father Ambrose, two of his colleagues in holy orders, and her own uncle. Bella is then employed to procure her best friend, Julia, for the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15339812\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Goon of Fortune\",\n \"text\": \"Goon of Fortune Goon of Fortune is an Australian drinking game between any number of individual people. The name of the game is a spoof on the TV show \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\". A number of goonsacks are pegged around the outside of a Hills Hoist rotary washing line, and players sit underneath it at the edges. One player spins the hoist, and when the clothesline comes to rest any player underneath a bag must drink an amount of wine agreed upon before the commencement of the spin. Players may not touch the clothesline, and penalties for breaking the rules vary.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15493915\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Goon of Fortune\",\n \"text\": \"Goon of Fortune Goon of Fortune is an Australian drinking game between any number of individual people. The name of the game is a spoof on the TV show \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\". A number of goonsacks are pegged around the outside of a Hills Hoist rotary washing line, and players sit underneath it at the edges. One player spins the hoist, and when the clothesline comes to rest any player underneath a bag must drink an amount of wine agreed upon before the commencement of the spin. Players may not touch the clothesline, and penalties for breaking the rules vary.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15493914\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin\",\n \"text\": \"voice of the author. In this work, Franklin's \\\"persona\\\" comes alive and presents a man whose greatness does not keep him from being down-to-earth and approachable, who faces up to mistakes and blunders (\\\"errata\\\") he has committed in life, and who presents personal success as something within the reach of anyone willing to work hard enough for it. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin is the traditional name for the unfinished record of his own life written by Benjamin Franklin from 1771 to 1790; however, Franklin himself appears to have called the work his \\\"Memoirs\\\". Although\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5108883\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (Philippine game show)\",\n \"text\": \"in the ABC version. Already mentioned under \\\"Common rules\\\" section above are the Power wedge and the Toss-Up Rounds. Below are other additions. The gallery below shows a comparison between the Wheels used in the ABC version and the one seen in the ABS-CBN version, as well as the special wedges laid on each Wheel. The ABC version's 2001 Wheel is shown below and styled like the one used on the Philippine show. The 2002 version shown, however, is just a simulation using the style of the American Wheel and does not actually picture the actual design of the Wheel.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11266949\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wheel of Time\",\n \"text\": \"was seemingly dropped around 2014. In 1999, \\\"A Soundtrack for the Wheel of Time\\\" was released, featuring music by Robert Berry and inspired by the books. The German power metal band Blind Guardian have written two songs dedicated to the \\\"Wheel of Time\\\" series as part of their 2010 album \\\"At the Edge of Time\\\": \\\"Ride into Obsession\\\" and \\\"Wheel of Time\\\". Swedish heavy metal band Katana also wrote a song, entitled \\\"The Wisdom of Emond's Field\\\", on their 2012 album \\\"Storms of War\\\". The American power metal band Noble Beast, on their 2014 album of the same name, wrote\",\n \"psg_id\": \"529524\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Turn of Fortune\",\n \"text\": \"became concerned about reports of corrosion due to exposure to the elements. Work restarted after a safety assessment by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine. It had been due to open in June 2013, but this was put back to October, and then postponed again. Turn of Fortune Turn of Fortune (shi lai yun zhuan) is an unfinished centreless non-rotating Ferris wheel which began construction in Bauhinia (Zijing) Park, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China, in 2009. It is in height, has a diameter of , weighs 3000 tonnes, and cost $23.8 million (£15.5 million). It was to have had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17667298\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Turn of Fortune\",\n \"text\": \"Turn of Fortune Turn of Fortune (shi lai yun zhuan) is an unfinished centreless non-rotating Ferris wheel which began construction in Bauhinia (Zijing) Park, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China, in 2009. It is in height, has a diameter of , weighs 3000 tonnes, and cost $23.8 million (£15.5 million). It was to have had 24 passenger cars, each seating 5 people and moving at 0.2 m per second, taking approximately 22 minutes to travel the entire circumference. Construction began in 2009, but completion was repeatedly delayed. In March 2013 construction stopped for six months while safety checks were carried out after authorities\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17667297\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Autobiography (Morrissey)\",\n \"text\": \"cantankerous, entitled, whingeing, self-martyred human being who ever drew breath. And those are just his good qualities.\\\" \\\"Autobiography\\\" became the number one selling book in the UK upon release, setting a new first week sales record for a music autobiography. It also topped the non-fiction chart in Ireland. Autobiography (Morrissey) Autobiography is a book by the British singer-songwriter Morrissey, published in October 2013. Controversially, it was published under the Penguin Classics imprint. It was a number one best-seller in the UK and received polarised reviews, with certain reviewers hailing it as brilliant writing and others decrying it as overwrought and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17620131\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Autobiography of Malcolm X\",\n \"text\": \"rhetorical power comes from \\\"the vision of a man whose swiftly unfolding career had outstripped the possibilities of the traditional autobiography he had meant to write\\\", thus destroying \\\"the illusion of the finished and unified personality\\\". In addition to functioning as a spiritual conversion narrative, \\\"The Autobiography of Malcolm X\\\" also reflects generic elements from other distinctly American literary forms, from the Puritan conversion narrative of Jonathan Edwards and the secular self-analyses of Benjamin Franklin, to the African American slave narratives. This aesthetic decision on the part of Malcolm X and Haley also has profound implications for the thematic content\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14327683\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Changeling: The Autobiography of Mike Oldfield\",\n \"text\": \"suffering panic attacks and his Exegesis experience, as well as detailing the writing and recording process of his albums, focusing on his earlier work. For the first two years all profits made by the book went to the mental health charity SANE. Changeling: The Autobiography of Mike Oldfield Changeling () is a 2007 autobiography by Mike Oldfield. It was published in May 2007 by Virgin Books. In May 2008 \\\"Changeling\\\" was re-released in a paperback edition. \\\"Changeling\\\" was published by Virgin Books, the publishing arm of the conglomerate Virgin Group whose Virgin Records business was launched with the release of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10567084\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune video games\",\n \"text\": \"of \\\"Wheel\\\" for Sony Computer Entertainment's PlayStation console on December 15, 1998; this version again features White appearing as host via FMV sequences, and a 3-D engine that allows it to have a presentation similar to that of the actual show. This particular version is compatible with a memory card which allows it to avoid previously played puzzles until the entire library has been played through. On September 12, 2000, Hasbro released a second PlayStation version of \\\"Wheel\\\", which features a behind-the-scenes interview with White and a qualifying exam for contestant hopefuls. After this, Atari, Inc. released a PlayStation 2\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5443995\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)\",\n \"text\": \"addition to its generic design, the set also uses many alternate designs, which are unique to specific weekly sets of themed programs. The most recent set design was conceived by production designer Renee Hoss-Johnson, with later modifications by Jody Vaclav. Previous set designers included Ed Flesh and Dick Stiles. The first pilot used a vertically mounted wheel which was often difficult to see on-screen. Flesh, who also designed the sets for \\\"The $25,000 Pyramid\\\" and \\\"Jeopardy!\\\", designed the wheel mechanism. Originally made mostly of paint and cardboard, the modern wheel mechanism is framed on a steel tube surrounded with Plexiglas\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14175928\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Fortune Centre of Riding Therapy\",\n \"text\": \"The Fortune Centre of Riding Therapy The Fortune Centre of Riding Therapy (FCRT) provides education and therapy through horses. It is a UK based registered charity serving as Independent Specialist Provision for young horse enthusiasts with Learning Difficulties and Disabilities whose educational needs post-16 are met by an individual learning programme. The Fortune Centre of Riding Therapy operates a residential “Further Education Through Horsemastership” (FETH) Course. FETH course students develop the skills that they require to lead more independent lives. The use and involvement of horses in the education process is at the core of its unique work. Teaching and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12839420\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Burning Wheel\",\n \"text\": \"penned another full game, entitled \\\"Mouse Guard\\\", which uses a simplified version of the \\\"Burning Wheel\\\" system and is set in the world of the Mouse Guard comics. It won Best Role-Playing Game at the 2009 Origins Awards. Another game in this line is Torchbearer. The Burning Wheel The Burning Wheel is a fantasy role-playing game independently written and published by Luke Crane. The game uses a dice pool mechanic (using only standard six-sided dice) for task resolution and a character generation system that tracks the history and experiences of new characters from birth to the point they begin adventuring.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5635146\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"La Roue de la fortune\",\n \"text\": \"2009, and Portugal (A Roda da Sorte) until 2009. Of these four specific versions, only Turkey's version is still on the air. (Poland would eventually get a new version in 2017; like the 2009 set, this one has the audience directly behind the contestants.) The French version of Wheel of Fortune had categories that are slightly variated from the U.S. version. La Roue de la fortune La Roue de la fortune was the French version of the popular US game show \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\". It was originally hosted by Michel Robbe, with other notable hosts being Christophe Dechavanne and Victoria\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9038064\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (Australian game show)\",\n \"text\": \"on the wheel more than three times. On 15 July 1996, the Golden Wheel was replaced with a selection of five envelopes, similar to the system used in the U.S. version at the time (was used from 1989 to 2001, when the Golden Wheel was adopted in that version, although the prizes have always been concealed in an envelope that the host opens at the end of the round). About five weeks later due to lack of public support, the Golden Wheel returned and the number of car wedges decreased to two (featuring a Hyundai Elantra Sportswagon). From 2000-2004, a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7232262\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheel of Fortune (1952 game show)\",\n \"text\": \"better, having been worn down by \\\"Glamour\\\" and \\\"Ding Dong\\\" despite the former changing hosts on October 8 from Babbitt to Jack McCoy. \\\"Wheel\\\" bowed on November 6, 1953, with \\\"Glamour\\\" following suit on January 8, 1954; \\\"Ding Dong\\\" remained until the end of 1956. Despite its short run in America, the show found success in Australia on radio and the Nine Network from 1959–62. Originally hosted by series producer Reg Grundy, he was replaced by Walter Elliott in 1962. A similar carnival-style wheel was used in the original 1973 \\\"Wheel\\\" pilot (\\\"Shopper's Bazaar\\\"), although that wheel was operated by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8540382\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Entitled\",\n \"text\": \"voice as a kidnapper. Paul leaves with his dad, watching the lights and police cornering off the gas station. The film was shot mostly in Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. The film was nominated for a Directors Guild of Canada Craft award in 2012. The Entitled The Entitled is a 2011 hostage suspense film written by William Morrissey. The film was released directly to DVD and Video on Demand. \\\"The Entitled\\\" is about three unemployed youngsters with anti social inclinations and bleak future, who kidnap the kids of three rich dads for ransom. Paul Dynan (Kevin Zegers) and his mother\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17756832\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["the answer is not vanna white, who was only eight years old when the book was published in 1965. its author was french singer edith piaf"],"string":"[\n \"the answer is not vanna white, who was only eight years old when the book was published in 1965. its author was french singer edith piaf\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":284,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what famous comic strip character was inspired by the 1936 henry fonda film trail of the lonesome pine?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film)","text":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film) The Trail of the Lonesome Pine is a 1936 American romance film based on the novel of the same name. Directed by Henry Hathaway, it stars Fred MacMurray, Sylvia Sidney, and Henry Fonda. It was the second full-length feature film to be shot in three-strip Technicolor and the first in color to be shot outdoors, with the approval of the Technicolor Corporation. Much of it was shot at Big Bear Lake in southern California. \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\" was the fourth feature film adaptation of John Fox, Jr.'s 1908 novel,","psg_id":"11278413"},{"title":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film)","text":"\"Best Music, Original Song\". The other song, \"Twilight on the Trail\", became a popular hit and eventually something of a classic. It inspired a 1941 cowboy film of the same name and has been recorded by numerous country, pop, rock and soul singers. \"Trail of the Lonesome Pine\" was recognized at the 1936 Venice Film Festival for a \"Special Recommendation\" for the use of color film. The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film) The Trail of the Lonesome Pine is a 1936 American romance film based on the novel of the same name. Directed by Henry Hathaway, it stars","psg_id":"11278419"},{"title":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1923 film)","text":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1923 film) The Trail of the Lonesome Pine is a 1923 American silent drama film directed by Charles Maigne. Based on the play and novel of the same name, the film starred Mary Miles Minter in her final film role. \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\" film is now considered lost. Three other adaptions exist, including earlier 1914 and 1916 silent versions as well as a 1936, all color and sound film. \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\" was the second film on which cinematographer James Wong Howe earned his reputation leading him to","psg_id":"11278470"},{"title":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1923 film)","text":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1923 film) The Trail of the Lonesome Pine is a 1923 American silent drama film directed by Charles Maigne. Based on the play and novel of the same name, the film starred Mary Miles Minter in her final film role. \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\" film is now considered lost. Three other adaptions exist, including earlier 1914 and 1916 silent versions as well as a 1936, all color and sound film. \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\" was the second film on which cinematographer James Wong Howe earned his reputation leading him to","psg_id":"11278468"},{"title":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film)","text":"his apologies about her brother. Dave, however, is shot in the back by Wade Falin. The families agree that the feud has gone too far. Hale is befriended by all, and will happily marry June. With principal on-location photography beginning in mid-October 1935 in Chatsworth, at Big Bear Lake (in the San Bernardino Mountains), and at the Santa Susana Pass in California, recreating the rural and mountain locale of the novel. The film was the first feature-length film to be shot in three-strip Technicolor on location. Considered a technological success, \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\" was not the first","psg_id":"11278416"},{"title":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1916 film)","text":"adapted for the fourth time in 1936, which stars Sylvia Sidney and Fred MacMurray. The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1916 film) The Trail of the Lonesome Pine is a 1916 American silent drama film directed by Cecil B. DeMille. It is based on the 1908 novel and the 1912 play of the same name by Eugene Walter. Charlotte Walker reprised her role from the Broadway production. A copy of the 1916 film survives in the archives of George Eastman House. The novel was first adapted for the screen in 1914, and starred Dixie Compton. Another version released in 1923","psg_id":"11278429"},{"title":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (novel)","text":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (novel) The Trail of the Lonesome Pine is a 1908 romance novel/western novel written by John Fox, Jr. The novel became Fox's most successful, and was included among the top ten list of bestselling novels for 1908 and 1909. The novel has been adapted numerous times for both stage and screen. The novel inspired the same-titled song published in 1913. Set in the Appalachian Mountains at the turn of the twentieth century, a feud has been boiling for over thirty years between two influential mountain families: the Tollivers and the Falins. The character Devil","psg_id":"7305426"},{"title":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (song)","text":"included \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\". Released as a single, the song reached No. 2 in the UK Singles Chart, thanks largely to being championed by disc jockey John Peel on his Radio 1 evening show. The song was also recorded by Vivian Stanshall and (as \"Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia\") by Tokyo Blade. The song is featured in the stage play \"The Trail Of The Lonesome Pine\", and is played during the opening credits of the 1936 film adaptation. Since 1964, the play has been performed in an outdoor theater in Big Stone Gap, Virginia, hometown of the","psg_id":"12474397"},{"title":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (novel)","text":"threatens to destroy the budding romance between him and June, who then must choose between clan loyalties and the man she loves. \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\" was first adapted for the stage by Eugene Walter. The 1912 Broadway production starred Berton Churchill and Walter's wife, Charlotte Walker. An adaptation was filmed in 1914. In the 1916 film adaptation directed by Cecil B. DeMille, Charlotte Walker reprised her Broadway role, starring with Thomas Meighan. A 1923 film adaptation starring Mary Miles Minter and Antonio Moreno is considered a lost film. A 1936 motion picture was directed by Henry Hathaway.","psg_id":"7305429"},{"title":"Henry Fonda","text":"in lodgings next door to Greta Garbo. In 1935, Fonda starred in the RKO film \"I Dream Too Much\" with the opera star Lily Pons. \"The New York Times\" announced him as \"Henry Fonda, the most likable of the new crop of romantic juveniles.\" Fonda's film career blossomed as he costarred with Sylvia Sidney and Fred MacMurray in \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\" (1936), the first Technicolor movie filmed outdoors. He starred with ex-wife Margaret Sullavan in \"The Moon's Our Home\", and a short rekindling of their relationship led to a brief but temporary consideration of remarriage. Fonda got","psg_id":"567267"},{"title":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1916 film)","text":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1916 film) The Trail of the Lonesome Pine is a 1916 American silent drama film directed by Cecil B. DeMille. It is based on the 1908 novel and the 1912 play of the same name by Eugene Walter. Charlotte Walker reprised her role from the Broadway production. A copy of the 1916 film survives in the archives of George Eastman House. The novel was first adapted for the screen in 1914, and starred Dixie Compton. Another version released in 1923 starred Mary Miles Minter and is now considered a lost film. The novel was","psg_id":"11278428"},{"title":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (novel)","text":"filmed outdoors in full (three-strip) Technicolor, remains relatively faithful to the original novel. The novel was adapted into a successful stage play by Earl Hobson Smith and Clara Lou Kelly. Since 1964, the play has been performed in an outdoor theater in Big Stone Gap, Virginia, the hometown of the novel's author. It is considered the longest running outdoor drama in the United States and was designated the \"official outdoor drama\" by the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1994. The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (novel) The Trail of the Lonesome Pine is a 1908 romance novel/western novel written by John","psg_id":"7305431"},{"title":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (song)","text":"novel's author: it was designated the \"official outdoor drama\" by the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1994, and is now the sixth longest running outdoor drama in the United States. The song was the favorite song of Gertrude Stein.. The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (song) \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\" is a popular song published in 1913, with lyrics by Ballard MacDonald and music by Harry Carroll. Inspired by John Fox, Jr.'s 1908 novel of the same title, the song expresses the singer's love for his \"girl\" June, who lives in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia. The chorus","psg_id":"12474398"},{"title":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film)","text":"film to utilize the new color process but integrated its use successfully, and was a harbinger of future developments. \"The significance of this achievement is not to be minimized. It means that color need not shackle the cinema, but may give it fuller expression. It means that we can doubt no longer the inevitability of the color film or scoff at those who believe that black-and-white photography is tottering on the brink of that limbo of forgotten things which already has swallowed the silent picture.\" \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\" received positive critical acclaim, with Frank Nugent of \"The","psg_id":"11278417"},{"title":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (song)","text":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (song) \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\" is a popular song published in 1913, with lyrics by Ballard MacDonald and music by Harry Carroll. Inspired by John Fox, Jr.'s 1908 novel of the same title, the song expresses the singer's love for his \"girl\" June, who lives in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia. The chorus is: It appears to have been first recorded in New York on 28 March 1913 by the Spanish-American tenor, Manuel Romain and released in June of that year on issue number 1743 of the Edison Blue Amberol Record","psg_id":"12474395"},{"title":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (novel)","text":"Starring Sylvia Sidney, Henry Fonda, and Fred MacMurray, the film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song for Louis Alter and Sidney D. Mitchell's \"A Melody for the Sky.\" It was also awarded the Venice Film Festival Award for Best Color Film. Hathaway's version marked the first time the Technicolor process was used for outdoor filmmaking. The 1916 DeMille adaptation features an additional plot angle of Hale being a revenue agent seeking out \"moonshiners.\" It also omitted much of the subplot concerning the Falin family. Henry Hathaway's 1936 version, which was the first feature film to be","psg_id":"7305430"},{"title":"Don Winslow of the Navy (comic strip)","text":"Don Winslow of the Navy (comic strip) Don Winslow of the Navy was an American comic strip created by Frank Victor Martinek and distributed mostly by the Bell Syndicate from 1934 to 1955. The title character was a spy-chasing lieutenant commander in Naval intelligence. The comic strip led to a radio adventure serial that began in 1937, as well as film serials that began in 1942. Original comic book stories also appeared in Fawcett Comics titles starting in 1943. The idea for \"Don Winslow\" was conceived by Lieutenant Commander Frank V. Martinek, USNR, himself a storied veteran of World War","psg_id":"12939264"},{"title":"Mickey Finn (comic strip)","text":"Mickey Finn (comic strip) Mickey Finn was an American comic strip created by cartoonist Lank Leonard, which was syndicated to newspapers from 1936 to 1976. The successful lighthearted strip struck a balance between comedy and drama. It was adapted to a 400-page Little Big Book and was reprinted in several comic book series throughout the 1930s and 1940s. Distributed by the McNaught Syndicate, cartoonist Lank Leonard's \"Mickey Finn\" debuted as a daily strip on Monday, April 6, 1936. The Sunday strip, which eventually focused on the supporting character of Uncle Phil, began on May 17 of that same year. Leonard","psg_id":"6803480"},{"title":"Battle of Lone Pine","text":"of the campaign in December 1915 when Allied troops were evacuated from the peninsula. The Lone Pine battlefield was named for a solitary Turkish pine that stood there at the start of the fighting. The tree was also known by the Anzac soldiers as the \"Lonesome Pine\", and both names are likely to have been inspired by the popular song \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\". The battlefield was situated near the centre of the eastern line of the Australian and New Zealand trenches around Anzac Cove on a rise known as \"400 Plateau\" that joined \"Bolton's Ridge\" to the","psg_id":"2478302"},{"title":"Lonesome Pine Fiddlers","text":"Lonesome Pine Fiddlers The Lonesome Pine Fiddlers (1938- 1966) were an early bluegrass band which included such notable \"first generation\" bluegrass musicians as Ezra Cline, Bobby Osborne, Paul Williams, Melvin Goins, Charlie Cline, Curly Ray Cline, Larry Richardson and for a short time Jimmy Martin. The Lonesome Pine Fiddlers were inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Association Hall of Fame in 2009. The group was started by Ezra Cline and Curly Ray Cline and was originally named \"Cousin Ezra and the Lonesome Pine Fiddlers\". The Clines came from a large family consisting of musically talented people. Ray and Charlie's father,","psg_id":"12226391"},{"title":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film)","text":"New York Times\" considering the film as significant yet not without flaws. \"Paramount's new film is far from perfect, either as a photoplay or as an instrument for the use of the new three-component Technicolor process\", although \"a cast of unusual merit and a richly beautiful color production\" was its redeeming qualities. The movie made a profit of $522,620. Two original songs from the film, both written by composer Louis Alter and lyricist Sidney D. Mitchell and sung by Fuzzy Knight, gained national prominence. \"A Melody from the Sky\" was nominated for the 1937 Academy Award in the category of","psg_id":"11278418"},{"title":"Sylvia Sidney","text":"In 1926, she was seen by a Hollywood talent scout and made her first film appearance later that year. During the Depression, Sidney appeared in a string of films, often playing the girlfriend or the sister of a gangster. She appeared with Gary Cooper, Spencer Tracy, Henry Fonda, Joel McCrea, Fredric March, George Raft and Cary Grant. Among her films from this period were: \"An American Tragedy\", \"City Streets\" and \"Street Scene\" (all 1931), Alfred Hitchcock's \"Sabotage\" and Fritz Lang's \"Fury\" (both 1936), \"You Only Live Once\", \"Dead End\" (both 1937) and \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\", an early","psg_id":"3870869"},{"title":"Don Winslow of the Navy (comic strip)","text":"The cover of the first issue shows Captain Marvel introducing the character to the readers. This series lasted until 1948, then was revived in 1951, for a total to 69 issues. Winslow was revived again for a final brief time starting in 1955 in reprints published by Charlton Comics. Don Winslow of the Navy (comic strip) Don Winslow of the Navy was an American comic strip created by Frank Victor Martinek and distributed mostly by the Bell Syndicate from 1934 to 1955. The title character was a spy-chasing lieutenant commander in Naval intelligence. The comic strip led to a radio","psg_id":"12939272"},{"title":"The Ambassador (comic strip)","text":"The Ambassador (comic strip) The Ambassador is a short-lived newspaper comic strip created by Otto Soglow in 1933. In 1931, Soglow introduced his Little King character in \"The New Yorker\". William Randolph Hearst was determined to see \"The Little King\" syndicated by his own King Features Syndicate, but contractual obligations prevented the transfer of the strip. Soglow solved the conflict by selling Hearst a temporary, nearly-identical strip: \"The Ambassador\". When Soglow's contract with \"The New Yorker\" expired in 1934, \"The Little King\" was able to immediately resume as a King Features Sunday strip on September 9 of that year, only","psg_id":"10777520"},{"title":"The Norm (comic strip)","text":"The Norm (comic strip) The Norm is an American comic strip by Michael Jantze. It ran in newspapers, syndicated by King Features Syndicate, from 1996 until 2004 when Jantze removed the strip from syndication to develop it as an online comic strip and television series. \"The Norm 4.0\" rebooted in January 2015 and appears every Monday at GoComics. A book collection of the earlier color Sunday work is in print in English and other books and magazines are available in English, Swedish and Spanish by resellers. Norm: The title character is Norman, who, with very few exceptions, is always referred","psg_id":"8366608"},{"title":"Winnie the Pooh (comic strip)","text":"as part of a \"classics\" package. Winnie the Pooh (comic strip) Winnie the Pooh is a comic strip based on the characters created by A.A. Milne in his 1920s books, which ran from June 19, 1978, until April 2, 1988. Based on the Disney adaptations of the characters, the strip was written by Don Ferguson and drawn by Richard Moore, although the feature was usually billed as \"by Disney.\" To the established cast of characters, Ferguson and Moore added Sir Brian and the Dragon, inspired by characters from Milne's poetry. The strip originally was syndicated by King Features. Up until","psg_id":"10684201"},{"title":"Winnie the Pooh (comic strip)","text":"Winnie the Pooh (comic strip) Winnie the Pooh is a comic strip based on the characters created by A.A. Milne in his 1920s books, which ran from June 19, 1978, until April 2, 1988. Based on the Disney adaptations of the characters, the strip was written by Don Ferguson and drawn by Richard Moore, although the feature was usually billed as \"by Disney.\" To the established cast of characters, Ferguson and Moore added Sir Brian and the Dragon, inspired by characters from Milne's poetry. The strip originally was syndicated by King Features. Up until April 2010, Creators Syndicate offered reprints","psg_id":"10684200"},{"title":"Rugrats (comic strip)","text":"\"\". The assumption is that the readers have seen the feature film, not fully dealing with the major plot points of the movie. In the November 30 strip, Kimi first appears in the comic strip, without any introduction to the character. The first week after the series is about Chuckie being excited that he has a new sister. Rugrats (comic strip) Rugrats was a daily comic strip based on the Nickelodeon animated television series \"Rugrats\". Like the program, the comic strip was written to be humorous to both kids and adults. Writers for the series were Scott Gray, Gordon Kent,","psg_id":"15069614"},{"title":"The Comic Strip","text":"had been released theatrically and on VHS (103m) in the late-1980s. A nine-disc Region 2 DVD set, \"The Comic Strip Presents: The Complete Collection\" was released in July 2005 (and re-released in August 2007). This included all the Channel 4 and BBC episodes (finally canonising \"The Bullshitters\" as a Comic Strip episode) plus \"The Supergrass\" across eight discs, but not \"Eat the Rich\" (due to rights issues), and was released too early to include \"...Sex Actually\". The ninth disc includes a retrospective documentary from 2005, Julien Temple's 1981 film \"The Comic Strip\" (which retroactively lays a strong claim to being","psg_id":"1837143"},{"title":"Lonesome Pine Fiddlers","text":"Awards was the playing of \"Pain in my Heart\" by Osborne, Goins and Williams along with a Song from the Dillards, who were also inducted the same evening. Lonesome Pine Fiddlers The Lonesome Pine Fiddlers (1938- 1966) were an early bluegrass band which included such notable \"first generation\" bluegrass musicians as Ezra Cline, Bobby Osborne, Paul Williams, Melvin Goins, Charlie Cline, Curly Ray Cline, Larry Richardson and for a short time Jimmy Martin. The Lonesome Pine Fiddlers were inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Association Hall of Fame in 2009. The group was started by Ezra Cline and Curly Ray","psg_id":"12226396"},{"title":"The Comic Strip","text":"Richardson, as well as Rik Mayall, Nigel Planer, Stephen Mangan and Robbie Coltrane), and it was filmed in the first weeks of July 2012, in and around Totnes. Richardson wrote and directed the film. The film showcased the characters thirty years on trying to recapture their youth. The film broadcast on Gold 7 November 2012. In addition, a documentary broadcast 3 November 2012, \"30 Years of Comic Strip\", detailed the filming and reception of several Comic Strip episodes including both original \"Five Go Mad\" episodes, \"The Strike\" and its somewhat sequel \"GLC: The Carnage Continues\", \"A Fistful of Traveller's Cheques\",","psg_id":"1837138"},{"title":"Blondie (comic strip)","text":"was adapted into a long-running series of 28 low-budget theatrical B-features, produced by Columbia Pictures. Beginning with \"Blondie\" in 1938, the series lasted 12 years, through \"Beware of Blondie\" (1950). The two major roles were Penny Singleton as Blondie and Arthur Lake (whose first starring role was another comic strip character, Harold Teen) as Dagwood. Faithfulness to the comic strip was a major concern of the creators of the series. Little touches were added that were iconic to the strip, like the appearance of Dagwood's famous sandwiches—and the running gag of Dagwood colliding with the mailman amid a flurry of","psg_id":"2513681"},{"title":"The Amazing Spider-Man (comic strip)","text":"The Amazing Spider-Man (comic strip) The Amazing Spider-Man is a daily comic strip featuring the character Spider-Man. It is a dramatic, soap opera style strip with story arcs which typically run for 8 to 12 weeks. While the strip uses many of the same characters as the Spider-Man comic book, the storylines are nearly all originals and do not share the same continuity. A consistently popular strip, it has been published since 1977. A Spider-Man comic strip was first proposed in 1970. Two weeks' worth of strips were written by Spider-Man co-creator Stan Lee and illustrated by John Romita Sr.,","psg_id":"11848644"},{"title":"Opus (comic strip)","text":"during an interview by NPR radio host Diane Rehm, Mr. Breathed responded to an e-mail question regarding the existence of \"Opus: The Last Christmas\" by saying, In a June 2007 interview with Salon.com, Breathed confirmed that the Miramax feature was \"dead\", but left the door open for an independently produced Opus film: Opus (comic strip) Opus was a Sunday strip drawn by Berkeley Breathed for a period of five years, 2003 to 2008. It was Breathed's fourth comic strip, following \"The Academia Waltz\", \"Bloom County\" and \"Outland\". Set in Bloom County, the strip documented the adventures of Breathed's popular character","psg_id":"3231871"},{"title":"The Incredible Hulk (comic strip)","text":"The Incredible Hulk (comic strip) The Incredible Hulk is a syndicated newspaper strip, which debuted on October 30, 1978 and ran until September 5, 1982 by King Features Syndicate. Initially written by Stan Lee and drawn by Larry Lieber, this strip modeled its version of the character after the television series airing at the time, with Banner's first name being given as \"David\", the McGee character, and a \"wandering man\" format. Although the depiction of the Hulk matched the comic books in terms of visual design, he did not speak dialog which is akin to the television version of the","psg_id":"20091960"},{"title":"Mickey Finn (comic strip)","text":"player Red Fedder and bartender Clancy. Leonard occasionally brought into the strip real-life sports figures, such as Joe Louis and Lou Gehrig. Lank Leonard's \"Mickey Finn\" strip was reprinted in color in the first American comic book series, Eastern Color Printing's \"Famous Funnies\", starting with issue #28 (Nov. 1936). \"Famous Funnies\" also reprinted Leonard's \"Nippie: He's Often Wrong\", which appeared as the Sunday page's topper (an additional, ancillary strip). \"Mickey Finn\" appeared in most issues through #35 (June 1937). The strip then appeared in every issue of Quality Comics' \"Feature Funnies\" (retitled \"Feature Comics\" with issue #21) from #1-113 (Oct.","psg_id":"6803484"},{"title":"Lonesome Dove (miniseries)","text":"Lonesome Dove (miniseries) Lonesome Dove is an American epic Western adventure television miniseries directed by Simon Wincer. It is a four-part adaptation of the 1985 novel of the same name by Larry McMurtry and is the first installment in the Lonesome Dove series. The novel was based upon a screenplay by Peter Bogdanovich and McMurtry, intended to star John Wayne, James Stewart and Henry Fonda, but the film was never made after John Ford advised Wayne against it. The eventual television miniseries stars Robert Duvall and Tommy Lee Jones. The series was originally broadcast by CBS from February 5 to","psg_id":"13616466"},{"title":"Crankshaft (comic strip)","text":"Crankshaft (comic strip) Crankshaft is a comic strip about a character by the same name — an elderly, curmudgeonly school bus driver —which debuted on June 8, 1987. Written by Tom Batiuk and drawn by Dan Davis, \"Crankshaft\" is a spin-off from Batiuk’s comic strip \"Funky Winkerbean\". Prior to April 2, 2017, the strip was drawn by Chuck Ayers. \"Crankshaft\" is known for recurring running gags, such as: The continuity of \"Crankshaft\" is as much as twenty years behind that of \"Funky Winkerbean\"; strips in both comics in August and September 2011 show a character in the latter strip, a","psg_id":"5958130"},{"title":"Latigo (comic strip)","text":"in color, starting in issue #300 (April 2011). Dean Owen, Western writer, wrote three novels starring Latigo with Stan Lynde's permission. They were \"Latigo: Trackdown\", \"Latigo #2: Vengeance Trail\", and \"Latigo #3: Dead Shot\". Latigo (comic strip) Latigo was a comic strip written and drawn by cartoonist Stan Lynde, who also created the \"Rick O'Shay\" comic strip. After a dispute over the ownership of \"Rick O'Shay\" with the Chicago Tribune Syndicate, Lynde left and went to Field Enterprises to launch \"Latigo\". The daily \"Latigo\" daily strip began 25 June 1979. The Sunday strip, in a half-page format, began 1 July","psg_id":"6121553"},{"title":"Farmageddon (comic strip)","text":"Farmageddon (comic strip) Farmageddon started life in 1991 as a comic strip called 'The Funny Farm' and was created by Niel Bushnell & Gordon Fraser. Bushnell & Fraser were friends from school and both wanted careers as comic artists. They began to develop an idea for a newspaper comic strip based around a farm. Initially inspired by American comic strips such as Calvin & Hobbes and Garfield, the comic soon found its own blend of humour. The Funny Farm was published in the Hartlepool Mail from 1992 until 1994. It was also published in a short lived Sunday paper called","psg_id":"8964636"},{"title":"Henry Fonda","text":"Major Major Major resembles Henry Fonda. Philip D. Beidler comments that \"one of the novel's great absurd jokes is the character's bewildering resemblance to Henry Fonda\". Taking into account when Catch 22 was written, this most likely refers to Fonda circa about 1955, when he starred in the film \"Mister Roberts\". From the beginning of his career in 1935 through his last projects in 1981, Fonda appeared in 106 films, television programs, and shorts. Through the course of his career, he appeared in many critically acclaimed films, including such classics as \"12 Angry Men\" and \"The Ox-Bow Incident\". He was","psg_id":"567301"},{"title":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1923 film)","text":"become one of the most sought cinematographer of the era. Listed as first camera, essentially, Howe was considered the director of photography. Specifically, Howe made Mary Miles Minter's blue eyes register on orthochromatic film with a filter. With the success evident in Howe's work, especially in lighting, \"every blue-eyed actor and actress wanted him as their photographer. The novel was first adapted for the screen in 1914, and starred Dixie Compton. In 1916, a second adaptation, directed by Cecil B. DeMille, was released. The novel was adapted for the fourth time in 1936, and stars Sylvia Sidney and Fred MacMurray.","psg_id":"11278469"},{"title":"The Comic Strip","text":"a sitcom in the same anarchic style as the Comic Strip. Richardson was initially to have been involved (in the role of Mike, ultimately played by Christopher Ryan), but was not due to differences between him and the show's producer, Paul Jackson. \"The Comic Strip Presents...\" debuted on 2 November 1982, the opening night of Channel 4. Each episode was prefixed by an animated lead-in consisting of the words \"The Comic Strip Presents\" accompanied by a soundtrack consisting of a drum machine and a Farfisa organ rendition of Quando quando quando, together with a bomb labelled \"Have a nice day\",","psg_id":"1837125"},{"title":"Nick Carter (comic strip)","text":"for TV and later adapted for comic-strip magazines. Several stories were drawn by Silver (Guido Silvestri) and Clod (Claudio Onesti). Nick Carter stories features a great number of parodies of famous themes and characters of literature, film, TV and history. An incomplete list includes: Nick Carter (comic strip) Nick Carter is an Italian comic strip created in 1972 as a semi-animated cartoon, for \"Gulp!\", one of the most popular Italian TV shows of that decade. The creators were Guido De Maria, as director and writer, and Franco Bonvicini (\"Bonvi\"), as co-writer and artist. The first run comprised 11 stories, later","psg_id":"6556011"},{"title":"Nancy (comic strip)","text":"Ernie Bushmiller. Following Guy Gilchrist's departure from \"Nancy\", this strip was discontinued. Nancy (comic strip) Nancy is an American comic strip, originally written and drawn by Ernie Bushmiller and distributed by United Feature Syndicate. The character of Nancy, a precocious eight-year-old, first appeared in the strip \"Fritzi Ritz\" about the airheaded flapper title character. Larry Whittington began \"Fritzi Ritz\" in 1922, and it was taken over by Bushmiller three years later. On January 2, 1933, Bushmiller introduced Fritzi's niece, Nancy. Soon she dominated the daily strip, which was retitled \"Nancy\" in 1938; Sluggo Smith, Nancy's friend from the \"wrong side","psg_id":"3562217"},{"title":"Henry Fonda","text":"Henry Fonda Henry Jaynes Fonda (May 16, 1905 – August 12, 1982) was an American film and stage actor with a career spanning five decades. Fonda made his mark early as a Broadway actor. He also appeared in 1938 in plays performed in White Plains, New York, with Joan Tompkins. He made his Hollywood debut in 1935, and his career gained momentum after his Academy Award-nominated performance as Tom Joad in \"The Grapes of Wrath\", a 1940 adaptation of John Steinbeck's novel about an Oklahoma family who moved west during the Dust Bowl. Throughout five decades in Hollywood, Fonda cultivated","psg_id":"567257"},{"title":"Henry Fonda","text":"nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in 1940's \"The Grapes of Wrath\" and won for his part in 1981's \"On Golden Pond\". Fonda made his mark in Westerns (which included his most villainous role as Frank in \"Once Upon a Time in the West\") and war films, and made frequent appearances in both television and foreign productions late in his career. Henry Fonda Henry Jaynes Fonda (May 16, 1905 – August 12, 1982) was an American film and stage actor with a career spanning five decades. Fonda made his mark early as a Broadway actor.","psg_id":"567302"},{"title":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film)","text":"including 1916 and 1923 silent versions. As with the novel, the film makes extensive use of Appalachian English in the dialogue. Deep in the region of the Eastern Kentucky Coalfield, a feud between the Kentucky clans of the Tollivers and the Falins has been ongoing for as long as anyone can recall. After an engineer, Jack Hale, arrives with coal and railroad interests, he saves the life of Dave Tolliver, whose injury has developed gangrene. Dave expects to marry a cousin, June, but she takes an immediate shine to the newcomer. Her younger brother Buddie is also impressed with Hale,","psg_id":"11278414"},{"title":"Table mountain pine","text":"a stout, sharp spine 4–10 mm long. Sapling trees can bear cones in a little as 5 years. This pine prefers dry conditions and is mostly found on rocky slopes, preferring higher elevations, from 300–1760 m altitude. It commonly grows as single scattered trees or small groves, not in large forests like most other pines, and needs periodic disturbances for seedling establishment. \"Pinus pungens\" is the Lonesome Pine of the 1908 novel \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\" by John Fox, and popularised in the Laurel and Hardy film \"Way out West\": Several \"Lonesome Pine\" hiking trails have been waymarked","psg_id":"2773609"},{"title":"Al Capp","text":"staged Sadie Hawkins dances, patterned after the similar annual event in the strip. Li'l Abner has one odd design quirk that has puzzled readers for decades: the part in his hair always faces the viewer, no matter which direction Abner is facing. In response to the question \"Which side does Abner part his hair on?,\" Capp would answer, \"Both.\" Capp said he finally found the right \"look\" for Li'l Abner with Henry Fonda's character Dave Tolliver, in \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\" (1936). In later years, Capp always claimed to have effectively created the miniskirt, when he first put","psg_id":"32648"},{"title":"Imperial Theatre (Augusta, Georgia)","text":"name of Jake Wells with The B. F. Keith Supreme Vaudeville Co. After the acquisition of several other local theatres by Lynch Enterprises, The Wells Theatre's was changed to The Imperial Theatre. Throughout the early 1900s the theatre continued to provide the city of Augusta and the surrounding area with great entertainment. In 1929, as vaudevillian acts decreased in popularity and motion pictures enjoyed meteoric success, Miller decided to renovate the Imperial into a full-time movie house in the popular art deco style. In March 1936 \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine,\" starring Henry Fonda and Fred McMurray, became the","psg_id":"11702519"},{"title":"The Boondocks (comic strip)","text":"very political and occasionally subject to great controversy, usually sparked by the comments and behavior of its main character, Huey. The comic strip has been withheld by newspapers several times. In this respect, it is similar to \"Doonesbury\". In particular, the principal characters often discussed racial and American socio-economic class issues. Because of its controversy and serious subject matter, many newspaper publishers either moved the strip to the op-ed section of the paper, pulled more potentially controversial strips from being published, didn't publish the strip at all, or canceled it altogether. Similar reactions have been faced by other strips, such","psg_id":"2409702"},{"title":"What the Duck","text":"What the Duck What the Duck is a comic strip by Aaron Johnson that was produced from 2006 to 2016. It started as a webcomic, with the first strip posted in July 2006. The strip has appeared as print in numerous photography magazines including \"Amateur Photographer\". It was picked up for syndication in 2008 by Universal Press Syndicate under the name \"W. T. Duck\". The main character of the comic strip is a professional photographer who is a duck. The witty humor and smart observations about photography have made the comic a favorite among many amateur and professional photographers. The","psg_id":"10276151"},{"title":"The Amazing Spider-Man (comic strip)","text":"softcover editions. In 2015, Marvel and IDW began co-publishing hardcover reprints of the strip from the beginning in a series called The Amazing Spider-Man: The Ultimate Newspaper Comics Collection! Each volume is subtitled for the years covered in the individual book. Volume One runs from 1977-1979; Volume Two from 1979-1981; Volume Three from 1981-1982; Volume Four from 1983-1984. The comic strip world is designated its own universe with Marvel's multiverse, Earth-77013, and is featured in the \"Spider-Verse\" comic storyline. The Amazing Spider-Man (comic strip) The Amazing Spider-Man is a daily comic strip featuring the character Spider-Man. It is a dramatic,","psg_id":"11848651"},{"title":"Nancy (comic strip)","text":"Nancy (comic strip) Nancy is an American comic strip, originally written and drawn by Ernie Bushmiller and distributed by United Feature Syndicate. The character of Nancy, a precocious eight-year-old, first appeared in the strip \"Fritzi Ritz\" about the airheaded flapper title character. Larry Whittington began \"Fritzi Ritz\" in 1922, and it was taken over by Bushmiller three years later. On January 2, 1933, Bushmiller introduced Fritzi's niece, Nancy. Soon she dominated the daily strip, which was retitled \"Nancy\" in 1938; Sluggo Smith, Nancy's friend from the \"wrong side of the tracks\" had been introduced earlier that year, and the strip's","psg_id":"3562205"},{"title":"The Comic Strip","text":"The Comic Strip The Comic Strip is a group of British comedians who came to prominence in the 1980s. They are known for their television series The Comic Strip Presents... which was labelled as a pioneering example of the alternative comedy scene. The core members are Adrian Edmondson, Dawn French, Rik Mayall, Nigel Planer, Peter Richardson, Jennifer Saunders and Alexei Sayle, with frequent appearances by Keith Allen, Robbie Coltrane, Lanah P and others. Two double acts, Adrian Edmondson and Rik Mayall under the name \"20th Century Coyote\" and Nigel Planer and Peter Richardson as \"The Outer Limits\", started performing at","psg_id":"1837121"},{"title":"Monty (comic strip)","text":"Monty (comic strip) Monty is an American comic strip created, written and illustrated by cartoonist Jim Meddick. The comic strip began as \"Robotman\" in 1985. It originally depicted the exploits of a small robot from outer space visiting Earth, living with the ordinary Milde family. In the 1990s, Robotman instead began living with a geeky inventor named Monty, introduced in the January 20, 1993 strip. Robotman left the strip in 2001 to find love on the planet Diskelion, and was replaced in the strip by space alien Mr. Pi. \"Robotman\" originated as a character created for United Feature Syndicate as","psg_id":"1404824"},{"title":"Daily comic strip","text":"Daily comic strip A daily strip is a newspaper comic strip format, appearing on weekdays, Monday through Saturday, as contrasted with a Sunday strip, which typically only appears on Sundays. Bud Fisher's \"Mutt and Jeff\" is commonly regarded as the first daily comic strip, launched November 15, 1907 (under its initial title, \"A. Mutt\") on the sports pages of the \"San Francisco Chronicle\". The featured character had previously appeared in sports cartoons by Fisher but was unnamed. Fisher had approached his editor, John P. Young, about doing a regular strip as early as 1905 but was turned down. According to","psg_id":"5237539"},{"title":"Wings of the Morning (1937 film)","text":"Wings of the Morning (1937 film) Wings of the Morning is a 1937 British drama film directed by Harold D. Schuster and starring Annabella, Henry Fonda, and Leslie Banks. Glenn Tryon was the original director but he was fired and replaced by Schuster. It was the first ever three-strip Technicolor movie shot in England or Europe. Popular Irish tenor Count John McCormack appeared in the film singing \"Believe Me, if All Those Endearing Young Charms\" and \"Killarney\". The picture was French actress Annabella's first English language film. Henry Fonda met his second wife, Frances Ford Seymour, mother of Jane and","psg_id":"15415123"},{"title":"Sesame Street (comic strip)","text":"Sesame Street (comic strip) Sesame Street is a nationally syndicated comic strip inspired by \"Sesame Street\". Written and drawn by veteran Sesame animator Cliff Roberts, the earliest concept art was created in 1970, and by 1971, a promotional booklet was created as the comic entered the market, courtesy of King Features. The strip debuted on November 15, 1971, in more than 175 newspapers, and ran until 1975. The strip, which ran both daily and on Sundays, was conceptually similar to the series in its pedagogical goals, but, in the first two years of the strip, conspicuous by the absence of","psg_id":"17350102"},{"title":"BONZZO (comic strip)","text":"BONZZO (comic strip) BONZZO The Comic Strip is a comic strip created by John Rivas. Rivas describes \"BONZZO\" as a young likable adult facing life with a child's mentality. His comic strip represents our daily lives, as well as reminds us of ideas, happy events and how we filtered each moment in our lives. “Bonzzo comes from a character I had to promote my advertising agency. The concept went from there, until I took it to the graphic stage of a comic strip. Fernando Roque helped me with the illustrations”, Rivas said. Since then, Bonzzo went from an inanimate object,","psg_id":"16750856"},{"title":"Wormy (comic strip)","text":"Trampier abruptly vanished from public life. The final installment of \"Wormy\" ended the strip in the middle of an unfinished storyline. No further \"Wormy\" comics were ever published. Wormy (comic strip) Wormy, drawn and written by David A. Trampier, was a fantasy comic strip about a talking dragon named Wormy. The strip was originally serialized in the role-playing magazine \"Dragon\". The September 1977 issue of \"Dragon\" (Issue #9) featured the first 6-panel comic of \"Wormy\". The first comic featured the title character, a cigar-chomping, pool hustling, wargaming dragon, and subsequent issues revealed the cast of goblins and ogres who were","psg_id":"18035410"},{"title":"Snow White (comic strip)","text":"are many story arcs that were deleted from the finished film that are explored in this comic strip. Michael Sporn Animation explains further: Snow White (comic strip) A comic strip adaptation of Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was released to coincide with the release of the film. The comic strip was written by Merrill de Marris and drawn by Hank Porter, both staff at Walt Disney Pictures. The original strip ran from December 1937 to April 1938 and was distributed by King Features Syndicate. Used in the strip are a number of story ideas that were ultimately abandoned","psg_id":"18199672"},{"title":"The Boondocks (comic strip)","text":"The Boondocks (comic strip) The Boondocks was a daily syndicated comic strip written and originally drawn by Aaron McGruder that ran from 1996 to 2006. Created by McGruder in 1996 for Hitlist.com, an early online music website, it was printed in the monthly hip hop magazine \"The Source\" in 1997. As it gained popularity, the comic strip was picked up by the Universal Press Syndicate and made its national debut on April 19, 1999. A popular and controversial strip, \"The Boondocks\" satirizes African American culture and American politics as seen through the eyes of young, black radical Huey Freeman. McGruder's","psg_id":"2409692"},{"title":"Henry Fonda","text":"a strong, appealing screen image in such classics as \"The Ox-Bow Incident\", \"Mister Roberts\", and \"12 Angry Men\". Later, Fonda moved toward darker epics such as Sergio Leone's \"Once Upon a Time in the West\" and lighter roles in family comedies such as \"Yours, Mine and Ours\" with Lucille Ball, winning the Academy Award for Best Actor at the 54th Academy Awards for the movie \"On Golden Pond\", his final film role. Fonda was the patriarch of a family of famous actors, including daughter Jane Fonda, son Peter Fonda, granddaughter Bridget Fonda, and grandson Troy Garity. His family and close","psg_id":"567258"},{"title":"Penny (comic strip)","text":"Penny (comic strip) Penny was a comic strip about a teenage girl by Harry Haenigsen which maintained its popularity for almost three decades. It was distributed by the New York Herald Tribune Syndicate from 1943 to 1970. \"Penny\" began because Helen Rogers Reid, the wife of the \"New York Herald Tribune\" publisher Ogden Mills Reid, wanted to see a girl as the central character of a new comic strip. Haenigsen had been doing a strip about a teenage boy, \"Our Bill\", when he launched \"Penny\" on June 20, 1943. The prolific cartoonist Bill Hoest was Haenigsen's assistant on \"Penny\". After","psg_id":"14506575"},{"title":"Uti vår hage (comic strip)","text":"any obvious source of income, he nevertheless lives in his own detached villa with large garden and drives an old Volvo Amazon. He has an extremely high opinion of himself and his own abilities, which fails to reflect the realities of his personality. For example, he considers himself to be a talented poet. Petersson has stated that Faló is inspired by Einar Lindberg's character Sympatiska Filip, from the strip Filip och Kaspersson. Sympatiska Filip was in turn based upon Elov Persson's character Kronblom. Petersson derived the name Faló from the Argentinian singer and guitarist Eduardo Falú. The comic strip contains","psg_id":"15666925"},{"title":"Mickey Finn (comic strip)","text":"series by the Saalfield Publishing Company of Akron, Ohio. Golden Years Publications reprinted the \"Mickey Finn\" strips from \"Big Shot\" #82 (Oct. 1947) in \"All-Amazing Comics\" #16 (Dec. 2001). Referring to \"Peanuts\" creator Charles Schulz, Morris Weiss said in 2006, \"'Sparky' Schulz once told me that \"Mickey Finn\" was his dad's favorite comic strip. Compliments like that you don't hear every day.\" Mickey Finn (comic strip) Mickey Finn was an American comic strip created by cartoonist Lank Leonard, which was syndicated to newspapers from 1936 to 1976. The successful lighthearted strip struck a balance between comedy and drama. It was","psg_id":"6803486"},{"title":"Don Winslow of the Navy (comic strip)","text":"Merwil, a small publisher, offered reprints in 1937. In 1938 Dell Comics began reprinting the newspaper strips in \"Crackajack Funnies\" alongside other established newspaper features. When that title ceased publication in 1942, \"Don Winslow\" reprints begin running in \"Popular Comics\", again with other strip favorites of the era. In addition, Dell also had Don Winslow in two issues of their \"Four Color Comics\", a series which spotlighted a different character with nearly every issue. Dell's 1938 one-shot, \"Famous Feature Stories\", contained more \"Winslow\". Fawcett Comics released the \"Don Winslow of the Navy\" comic book with original stories beginning in 1943.","psg_id":"12939271"},{"title":"Crankshaft (comic strip)","text":"other members of the cast visibly older as well and implies a possible relationship between his granddaughter Mindy Murdoch and \"Funky Winkerbean\" regular Pete Roberts. Crankshaft (comic strip) Crankshaft is a comic strip about a character by the same name — an elderly, curmudgeonly school bus driver —which debuted on June 8, 1987. Written by Tom Batiuk and drawn by Dan Davis, \"Crankshaft\" is a spin-off from Batiuk’s comic strip \"Funky Winkerbean\". Prior to April 2, 2017, the strip was drawn by Chuck Ayers. \"Crankshaft\" is known for recurring running gags, such as: The continuity of \"Crankshaft\" is as much","psg_id":"5958133"},{"title":"Donald Duck (comic strip)","text":"Grandma is a hard-working farmer, but out of touch with the technologal progress of the world surrounding here. A comic strip version of Scrooge McDuck was added by Taliaferro on February 13, 1951, and a comic strip version of Ludwig Von Drake on September 25, 1961. Donald's car, the 313, was designed by Taliaferro on July 1, 1938. It has been associated with the character ever since. Donald Duck (comic strip) Donald Duck is an American comic strip by The Walt Disney Company starring Donald Duck. The first \"Donald Duck\" strip debuted in American newspapers on the 7th of February,","psg_id":"20678732"},{"title":"How the West Was Won (film)","text":"the last part. We had a meeting, and I said, 'You can't quit. You've got to show how the West was won. The West was won when the law took over'.\" Filming was finished in January 1962. After the film was shot, MGM ordered a new ending which rounded out the story of the family and involved shooting for another month. Henry Fonda and Debbie Reynolds were involved in this. The budget eventually reached $12 million. The film later inspired a television series of the same name. The music for the film was composed and conducted by Alfred Newman. The","psg_id":"816393"},{"title":"Sesame Street (comic strip)","text":"largely pre-literate television audience. However, many strips were pure comedy, revolving around the characters' eccentricities and foibles. Sesame Street (comic strip) Sesame Street is a nationally syndicated comic strip inspired by \"Sesame Street\". Written and drawn by veteran Sesame animator Cliff Roberts, the earliest concept art was created in 1970, and by 1971, a promotional booklet was created as the comic entered the market, courtesy of King Features. The strip debuted on November 15, 1971, in more than 175 newspapers, and ran until 1975. The strip, which ran both daily and on Sundays, was conceptually similar to the series in","psg_id":"17350105"},{"title":"The Norm (comic strip)","text":"wearing it for a long time afterwards. Norm got used to seeing his friend in the costume that he did not recognize Chris when he finally got out of it. Later Chris became one of Norm's co-workers when he was hired as an accountant. \"The Norm\" at GoComics archive. The Norm (comic strip) The Norm is an American comic strip by Michael Jantze. It ran in newspapers, syndicated by King Features Syndicate, from 1996 until 2004 when Jantze removed the strip from syndication to develop it as an online comic strip and television series. \"The Norm 4.0\" rebooted in January","psg_id":"8366621"},{"title":"Belinda (comic strip)","text":"Belinda (comic strip) Belinda, aka Belinda Blue-Eyes, was a newspaper comic strip created in 1936 by the cartoonist Steve Dowling (1904-1986) and scripted by Bill Connor. It was published in the UK newspaper \"Daily Mirror\". In \"The Penguin Book of Comics\", George Perry and Alan Aldridge wrote, \"Belinda Blue Eyes was a perpetual waif, a British counterpart to the transatlantic \"Little Orphan Annie\". Over the years she grew slowly. By 1959 when the strip ended, she had just about reached the stage when she needed a bra.\" In 1943, Tony Royle took over as the artist. During World War II,","psg_id":"10790030"},{"title":"The Comic Strip","text":"Travellers Cheques\", \"Strike\", \"G.L.C.\", \"Gino\", \"Susie\", \"Mr Jolly Lives Next Door\", \"Spaghetti Hoops\", \"Red Nose of Courage\", \"Bullshitters\", \"Detectives on the Edge of a Nervous Breakdown\", \"Gregory Diary of a Nutcase\", \"The Crying Game\", \"Four Men in a Car\" (revised edit) and \"Four Men in a Plane\" The Comic Strip The Comic Strip is a group of British comedians who came to prominence in the 1980s. They are known for their television series The Comic Strip Presents... which was labelled as a pioneering example of the alternative comedy scene. The core members are Adrian Edmondson, Dawn French, Rik Mayall, Nigel","psg_id":"1837146"},{"title":"Flook (comic strip)","text":"the Left-leaning \"Daily Mirror\" and \"Sunday Mirror\" in 1984–85, scripted by Keith Waterhouse (shortly before he moved to the \"Mail\"). Flook was adopted as a mascot by 831 Squadron, Fleet Air Arm, and the character was painted on the squadron aircraft. Flook (comic strip) Flook was a British comic strip which ran from 1949 to 1984 in the \"Daily Mail\" newspaper. It was drawn by Wally Fawkes (of the jazz group Wally Fawkes and the Troglodytes), who signed the strips as \"Trog\". It was the first newspaper comic strip to be published by the New Zealand newspaper \"Otago Daily Times\",","psg_id":"4323742"},{"title":"Heart of the City (comic strip)","text":"Heart of the City (comic strip) Heart of the City is a comic strip by Mark Tatulli. It began syndication by Universal Press Syndicate on November 23, 1998, and is still running. It is currently syndicated by the Newspaper Enterprise Association (a division of Andrews McMeel Syndication, parent company of Universal Press Syndicate). It centers on a young girl, named Heart, who lives somewhere in Philadelphia. (One 2004 strip shows her home address as 1512 Spruce Street) In typical comic strip format, characters do not age but the world around them is shown to change. For example, Dean was seen","psg_id":"10795232"},{"title":"Famous Funnies","text":"Famous Funnies Famous Funnies is an American publication of the 1930s that represents what popular culture historians consider the first true American comic book, following seminal precursors. The creation of the modern American comic book came in stages. Dell Publishing in 1929 published a 16-page, newsprint periodical of original, comic strip-styled material titled \"The Funnies\" and described by the Library of Congress as \"a short-lived newspaper tabloid insert\". (This is not to be confused with Dell's later same-name comic book, which began publication in 1936.) Historian Ron Goulart describes the four-color, newsstand periodical as \"more a Sunday comic section without","psg_id":"9242982"},{"title":"John Darling (comic strip)","text":"John Darling (comic strip) John Darling is an American comic strip, created by Tom Batiuk, a spin-off of his earlier comic strip \"Funky Winkerbean\". \"John Darling\" appeared from March 25, 1979 to August 4, 1990. John Darling, a talk-show host, was originally a supporting character in Batiuk's strip \"Funky Winkerbean\" before being spun off into his own strip. The original artist was Tom Armstrong, who left the strip in 1985 for his own creation, \"Marvin\", though he did return to draw the final three weeks of the strip. His replacement was Gerry Shamray. Stan Lynde also contributed to the strip","psg_id":"5996123"},{"title":"Wormy (comic strip)","text":"Wormy (comic strip) Wormy, drawn and written by David A. Trampier, was a fantasy comic strip about a talking dragon named Wormy. The strip was originally serialized in the role-playing magazine \"Dragon\". The September 1977 issue of \"Dragon\" (Issue #9) featured the first 6-panel comic of \"Wormy\". The first comic featured the title character, a cigar-chomping, pool hustling, wargaming dragon, and subsequent issues revealed the cast of goblins and ogres who were his neighbors and friends. \"Wormy\" continued to appear in \"Dragon\" for the next 10 years, until Issue #132 (April 1988). In the late 1980s, \"Wormy\" creator David A.","psg_id":"18035409"},{"title":"Henry Fonda","text":"friends called him \"Hank\". In 1999, he was named the sixth-Greatest Male Star of All Time by the American Film Institute. Born in Grand Island, Nebraska in May 1905, Henry Jaynes Fonda was the son of printer William Brace Fonda, and his wife, Herberta (Jaynes). The family moved to Omaha, Nebraska in 1906. Fonda's patrilineal line originates with an ancestor from Genoa, Italy, who migrated to the Netherlands in the 15th century. In 1642, a branch of the Fonda family immigrated to the Dutch colony of New Netherland on the East Coast of North America. They were among the first","psg_id":"567259"},{"title":"Quincy (comic strip)","text":"Quincy (comic strip) Quincy is an American syndicated newspaper comic strip published from 1970 to 1986, created and produced by cartoonist Ted Shearer. The series, about an African-American boy being raised by his grandmother in Harlem, was one of the earliest mainstream comic strips to star an African American in the lead role, following \"\" (1968-1974) and \"Luther\" (1969-1986). Another predecessor, \"Wee Pals\" (1965- ), features an African-American among an ensemble cast of different races and ethnicities. The comic strip \"Quincy\", starring a 9- or 10-year-old African-American title character being raised by his grandmother in Manhattan's Harlem neighborhood, debuted on","psg_id":"18035065"},{"title":"Henry Fonda","text":"Fonda had planned on wearing a pair of brown-colored contact lenses, but Leone preferred the paradox of contrasting close-up shots of Fonda's innocent-looking blue eyes with the vicious personality of the character Fonda played. Fonda's relationship with Jimmy Stewart survived their disagreements over politics — Fonda was a liberal Democrat, and Stewart a conservative Republican. After a heated argument, they avoided talking politics with each other. The two men teamed up for 1968's \"Firecreek\", where Fonda again played the heavy. In 1970, Fonda and Stewart co-starred in the western \"The Cheyenne Social Club\", a minor film in which they humorously","psg_id":"567279"},{"title":"Opus (comic strip)","text":"Opus (comic strip) Opus was a Sunday strip drawn by Berkeley Breathed for a period of five years, 2003 to 2008. It was Breathed's fourth comic strip, following \"The Academia Waltz\", \"Bloom County\" and \"Outland\". Set in Bloom County, the strip documented the adventures of Breathed's popular character Opus the Penguin, parodying both pop culture and politics along the way. It was launched with much fanfare on November 23, 2003, and was syndicated by The Washington Post Writers Group. In early October 2008 the author declared he was terminating the strip because of his expectation that the United States is","psg_id":"3231854"},{"title":"The Neighbors (comic strip)","text":"The Neighbors (comic strip) The Neighbors was an American gag-a-day comic strip, created by George Clark which ran from 1939 to 1971. Clark launched \"The Neighbors\" in 1939 with the Chicago Tribune-New York Daily News Syndicate. Similar to his earlier \"Side Glances\", it explored subtle aspects of middle-class family humor. He soon added a Sunday strip, \"Our Neighbors, the Ripples\", a title eventually shortened to \"The Ripples\". The Sunday strip was dropped in 1948, but his daily panel continued until 1971. Stephen Becker (\"Comic Art in America\") commented, \"He has never attempted to induce the belly laugh; he feels that","psg_id":"6826893"},{"title":"Belinda (comic strip)","text":"the title was shortened to \"Belinda\". Royle continued to draw the strip with writer Don Freeman until the end of its run on 17 October 1959. Royle retired to Badsey in Worcestershire, England, where he died March 1986. L100 - L219 1952-04-28 to 1952-09-13 Professor Belinda Belinda (comic strip) Belinda, aka Belinda Blue-Eyes, was a newspaper comic strip created in 1936 by the cartoonist Steve Dowling (1904-1986) and scripted by Bill Connor. It was published in the UK newspaper \"Daily Mirror\". In \"The Penguin Book of Comics\", George Perry and Alan Aldridge wrote, \"Belinda Blue Eyes was a perpetual waif,","psg_id":"10790031"},{"title":"Pickles (comic strip)","text":"These Years\" (2002), \"Let's Get Pickled!\" (2006), \"How Come I Always Get Blamed for the Things I Do?\" (2010), and \"Oh Sure! Blame it on the Dog!\" (2013). A 25th anniversary retrospective, \"25 Years of Pickles\", was released by Baobab Press in 2015. Pickles (comic strip) Pickles is a daily and Sunday comic strip by Brian Crane focusing on a retired couple in their seventies, Earl and Opal Pickles. \"Pickles\" has been published since 1990. As of 2016, \"Pickles\" was syndicated in close to 1,000 newspapers worldwide. Inspired by Crane's in-laws, the strip describes their efforts to enjoy retirement, which","psg_id":"3294824"},{"title":"John Darling (comic strip)","text":"information about the father she lost at a very young age. John Darling (comic strip) John Darling is an American comic strip, created by Tom Batiuk, a spin-off of his earlier comic strip \"Funky Winkerbean\". \"John Darling\" appeared from March 25, 1979 to August 4, 1990. John Darling, a talk-show host, was originally a supporting character in Batiuk's strip \"Funky Winkerbean\" before being spun off into his own strip. The original artist was Tom Armstrong, who left the strip in 1985 for his own creation, \"Marvin\", though he did return to draw the final three weeks of the strip. His","psg_id":"5996126"},{"title":"Snow White (comic strip)","text":"Snow White (comic strip) A comic strip adaptation of Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was released to coincide with the release of the film. The comic strip was written by Merrill de Marris and drawn by Hank Porter, both staff at Walt Disney Pictures. The original strip ran from December 1937 to April 1938 and was distributed by King Features Syndicate. Used in the strip are a number of story ideas that were ultimately abandoned in the film, including a more elaborate and comical meeting between the Prince and Snow White (in which Snow White creates a 'dummy'","psg_id":"18199670"},{"title":"Sylvia (comic strip)","text":"Blonde.\" The book's success led Tribune Media Services to distribute \"Sylvia\" to newspapers as a daily comic strip beginning in 1981. Hollander has published 19 Sylvia collections, including \"The Whole Enchilada\" (1982), \"Tales from the Planet Sylvia\" (1990), with an introduction by Barbara Ehrenreich, and \"The Sylvia Chronicles: 30 Years of Graphic Misbehavior from Reagan to Obama\" (2010), with an introduction by Jules Feiffer. Sylvia (comic strip) Sylvia was a comic strip by American cartoonist Nicole Hollander that offered commentary on political, social and cultural topics, and on cats, primarily in the voice of its title character, Sylvia. Distributed to","psg_id":"15832895"},{"title":"Elvis (comic strip)","text":"the strip easy to understand even for non-daily readers, which is the case with most daily newspaper strips. There are also several comic books released, some of which feature a main plot. Nowadays, Tony's wife Maria Cronstam is a main part in the development of the comic. Elvis (comic strip) Elvis is a Swedish comic strip created in 2000 by Tony Cronstam for the free daily newspaper \"Metro\", as well as other more local newspapers. Elvis Tonysson, the main character of the comic is a middle-aged man portrayed as a tortoise, who is according to Cronstam loosely based on himself,","psg_id":"8173829"},{"title":"Arnold (comic strip)","text":"the strip in \"Detroit Free Press\", \"I was extremely gratified and happy to receive all the letters from Free Press readers concerning the demise of Arnold. I even had second thoughts. But, alas, it was too late. The gigantic bird had already swallowed.\" Arnold (comic strip) Arnold was a syndicated comic strip by Kevin McCormick that ran at its height in 56 newspapers, including the \"LA Times\" and the \"Detroit Free Press,\" from 1982 through 1988. The strip was characterized by an off-beat sense of humor and random interjections by the title character, Arnold. The main characters were Arnold Melville,","psg_id":"3829561"},{"title":"Comic strip","text":"Oldbuck\" or \"Histoire de Monsieur Jabot\" (1831), inspired subsequent generations of German and American comic artists. In 1865, German painter, author, and caricaturist Wilhelm Busch created the strip \"Max and Moritz\", about two trouble-making boys, which had a direct influence on the American comic strip. \"Max and Moritz\" was a series of severely moralistic tales in the vein of German children's stories such as \"Struwwelpeter\" (\"Shockheaded Peter\"); in one, the boys, after perpetrating some mischief, are tossed into a sack of grain, run through a mill, and consumed by a flock of geese. \"Max and Moritz\" provided an inspiration for","psg_id":"70097"},{"title":"Thatch (comic strip)","text":"\"heartless, shallow rich bitch.\" In 1998, Shesol was offered a position as speech writer for the President of the United States Bill Clinton. Shesol agreed and ended the strip. The final \"Thatch\" appeared on April 11, 1998. Thatch (comic strip) Thatch was a comic strip created by Jeff Shesol. The strip began in Brown University's student newspaper \"The Brown Daily Herald\". It was later picked up for syndication by Creators Syndicate in late 1994. The title character was an everyman who struggled through life and politics. He had an alter-ego, Politically Correct Person (P.C. Person), who was a stereotype of","psg_id":"10525729"},{"title":"Garth (comic strip)","text":"to publish the Comic it will be collected in a bumper edition after the 5th book. HuwJ Believes that the online revamp of the character was the catalyst that got the longtime fans of the character to push for a return of the hero and what ultimately led the Newspaper and its Licensing arm to re-color the old strips and re launch them in the paper Garth started a run of reprints in the \"Daily Mirror\" coloured by Martin Baines in the issue dated Monday 21 February 2011. and continues at present, the strip and the character are a testament","psg_id":"8789027"},{"title":"Pickles (comic strip)","text":"Pickles (comic strip) Pickles is a daily and Sunday comic strip by Brian Crane focusing on a retired couple in their seventies, Earl and Opal Pickles. \"Pickles\" has been published since 1990. As of 2016, \"Pickles\" was syndicated in close to 1,000 newspapers worldwide. Inspired by Crane's in-laws, the strip describes their efforts to enjoy retirement, which instead proves quite imperfect for both. Earl Pickles is characterized as having a bald head, glasses, and a bushy white mustache, and wears suspenders. Opal Pickles is characterized as somewhat chubby, bespectacled, and is often seen wearing purple polka-dotted dresses and white sneakers.","psg_id":"3294822"},{"title":"The Incredible Hulk (comic strip)","text":"character. Lieber took over both writing and artwork soon after the strip launched. He later turned over art chores to first Rich Buckler (starting in Spring 1979) and then Alan Kupperberg (starting in November 1979), who also wrote the strip in its final months. The newspaper credits were slow to reflect changes in the creative team; Stan Lee, for instance, continued to appear in the byline for months after he gave up working on the strip. The Incredible Hulk (comic strip) The Incredible Hulk is a syndicated newspaper strip, which debuted on October 30, 1978 and ran until September 5,","psg_id":"20091961"},{"title":"Terry and the Pirates (comic strip)","text":"the Year Award from the National Cartoonists Society for his work on \"Terry and the Pirates\". The daily strip began October 22, 1934, and the Sunday color pages began December 9, 1934. Initially, the storylines of the daily strips and Sunday pages were different, but on August 26, 1936, they merged into a single storyline. Although \"Terry and the Pirates\" had made Caniff famous, the strip was owned by the syndicate, which was not uncommon at the time. Seeking creative control of his own work, Caniff left the strip in 1946, his last \"Terry\" strip being published on December 29.","psg_id":"1525010"},{"title":"The Comic Strip","text":"his quad bike accident. Permission was thus given by Mayall's family to show the special. Peter Richardson, who has built his career as a writer-director with the TV series \"Stella Street\" and films such as \"\", has not ruled out the possibility of a whole new series of \"The Comic Strip Presents...\" featuring younger cast members. In June 2011 a casting call went out for a new hour-long episode, starring most of the original team. This was followed by an announcement that the Comic Strip was to produce a one-off special entitled \"The Hunt for Tony Blair\", starring Stephen Mangan","psg_id":"1837136"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film)\",\n \"text\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film) The Trail of the Lonesome Pine is a 1936 American romance film based on the novel of the same name. Directed by Henry Hathaway, it stars Fred MacMurray, Sylvia Sidney, and Henry Fonda. It was the second full-length feature film to be shot in three-strip Technicolor and the first in color to be shot outdoors, with the approval of the Technicolor Corporation. Much of it was shot at Big Bear Lake in southern California. \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\" was the fourth feature film adaptation of John Fox, Jr.'s 1908 novel,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11278413\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film)\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Best Music, Original Song\\\". The other song, \\\"Twilight on the Trail\\\", became a popular hit and eventually something of a classic. It inspired a 1941 cowboy film of the same name and has been recorded by numerous country, pop, rock and soul singers. \\\"Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\" was recognized at the 1936 Venice Film Festival for a \\\"Special Recommendation\\\" for the use of color film. The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film) The Trail of the Lonesome Pine is a 1936 American romance film based on the novel of the same name. Directed by Henry Hathaway, it stars\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11278419\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1923 film)\",\n \"text\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1923 film) The Trail of the Lonesome Pine is a 1923 American silent drama film directed by Charles Maigne. Based on the play and novel of the same name, the film starred Mary Miles Minter in her final film role. \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\" film is now considered lost. Three other adaptions exist, including earlier 1914 and 1916 silent versions as well as a 1936, all color and sound film. \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\" was the second film on which cinematographer James Wong Howe earned his reputation leading him to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11278470\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1923 film)\",\n \"text\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1923 film) The Trail of the Lonesome Pine is a 1923 American silent drama film directed by Charles Maigne. Based on the play and novel of the same name, the film starred Mary Miles Minter in her final film role. \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\" film is now considered lost. Three other adaptions exist, including earlier 1914 and 1916 silent versions as well as a 1936, all color and sound film. \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\" was the second film on which cinematographer James Wong Howe earned his reputation leading him to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11278468\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film)\",\n \"text\": \"his apologies about her brother. Dave, however, is shot in the back by Wade Falin. The families agree that the feud has gone too far. Hale is befriended by all, and will happily marry June. With principal on-location photography beginning in mid-October 1935 in Chatsworth, at Big Bear Lake (in the San Bernardino Mountains), and at the Santa Susana Pass in California, recreating the rural and mountain locale of the novel. The film was the first feature-length film to be shot in three-strip Technicolor on location. Considered a technological success, \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\" was not the first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11278416\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1916 film)\",\n \"text\": \"adapted for the fourth time in 1936, which stars Sylvia Sidney and Fred MacMurray. The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1916 film) The Trail of the Lonesome Pine is a 1916 American silent drama film directed by Cecil B. DeMille. It is based on the 1908 novel and the 1912 play of the same name by Eugene Walter. Charlotte Walker reprised her role from the Broadway production. A copy of the 1916 film survives in the archives of George Eastman House. The novel was first adapted for the screen in 1914, and starred Dixie Compton. Another version released in 1923\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11278429\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (novel) The Trail of the Lonesome Pine is a 1908 romance novel/western novel written by John Fox, Jr. The novel became Fox's most successful, and was included among the top ten list of bestselling novels for 1908 and 1909. The novel has been adapted numerous times for both stage and screen. The novel inspired the same-titled song published in 1913. Set in the Appalachian Mountains at the turn of the twentieth century, a feud has been boiling for over thirty years between two influential mountain families: the Tollivers and the Falins. The character Devil\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7305426\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (song)\",\n \"text\": \"included \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\". Released as a single, the song reached No. 2 in the UK Singles Chart, thanks largely to being championed by disc jockey John Peel on his Radio 1 evening show. The song was also recorded by Vivian Stanshall and (as \\\"Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia\\\") by Tokyo Blade. The song is featured in the stage play \\\"The Trail Of The Lonesome Pine\\\", and is played during the opening credits of the 1936 film adaptation. Since 1964, the play has been performed in an outdoor theater in Big Stone Gap, Virginia, hometown of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12474397\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"threatens to destroy the budding romance between him and June, who then must choose between clan loyalties and the man she loves. \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\" was first adapted for the stage by Eugene Walter. The 1912 Broadway production starred Berton Churchill and Walter's wife, Charlotte Walker. An adaptation was filmed in 1914. In the 1916 film adaptation directed by Cecil B. DeMille, Charlotte Walker reprised her Broadway role, starring with Thomas Meighan. A 1923 film adaptation starring Mary Miles Minter and Antonio Moreno is considered a lost film. A 1936 motion picture was directed by Henry Hathaway.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7305429\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Henry Fonda\",\n \"text\": \"in lodgings next door to Greta Garbo. In 1935, Fonda starred in the RKO film \\\"I Dream Too Much\\\" with the opera star Lily Pons. \\\"The New York Times\\\" announced him as \\\"Henry Fonda, the most likable of the new crop of romantic juveniles.\\\" Fonda's film career blossomed as he costarred with Sylvia Sidney and Fred MacMurray in \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\" (1936), the first Technicolor movie filmed outdoors. He starred with ex-wife Margaret Sullavan in \\\"The Moon's Our Home\\\", and a short rekindling of their relationship led to a brief but temporary consideration of remarriage. Fonda got\",\n \"psg_id\": \"567267\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1916 film)\",\n \"text\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1916 film) The Trail of the Lonesome Pine is a 1916 American silent drama film directed by Cecil B. DeMille. It is based on the 1908 novel and the 1912 play of the same name by Eugene Walter. Charlotte Walker reprised her role from the Broadway production. A copy of the 1916 film survives in the archives of George Eastman House. The novel was first adapted for the screen in 1914, and starred Dixie Compton. Another version released in 1923 starred Mary Miles Minter and is now considered a lost film. The novel was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11278428\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"filmed outdoors in full (three-strip) Technicolor, remains relatively faithful to the original novel. The novel was adapted into a successful stage play by Earl Hobson Smith and Clara Lou Kelly. Since 1964, the play has been performed in an outdoor theater in Big Stone Gap, Virginia, the hometown of the novel's author. It is considered the longest running outdoor drama in the United States and was designated the \\\"official outdoor drama\\\" by the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1994. The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (novel) The Trail of the Lonesome Pine is a 1908 romance novel/western novel written by John\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7305431\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (song)\",\n \"text\": \"novel's author: it was designated the \\\"official outdoor drama\\\" by the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1994, and is now the sixth longest running outdoor drama in the United States. The song was the favorite song of Gertrude Stein.. The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (song) \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\" is a popular song published in 1913, with lyrics by Ballard MacDonald and music by Harry Carroll. Inspired by John Fox, Jr.'s 1908 novel of the same title, the song expresses the singer's love for his \\\"girl\\\" June, who lives in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia. The chorus\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12474398\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film)\",\n \"text\": \"film to utilize the new color process but integrated its use successfully, and was a harbinger of future developments. \\\"The significance of this achievement is not to be minimized. It means that color need not shackle the cinema, but may give it fuller expression. It means that we can doubt no longer the inevitability of the color film or scoff at those who believe that black-and-white photography is tottering on the brink of that limbo of forgotten things which already has swallowed the silent picture.\\\" \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\" received positive critical acclaim, with Frank Nugent of \\\"The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11278417\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (song)\",\n \"text\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (song) \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\" is a popular song published in 1913, with lyrics by Ballard MacDonald and music by Harry Carroll. Inspired by John Fox, Jr.'s 1908 novel of the same title, the song expresses the singer's love for his \\\"girl\\\" June, who lives in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia. The chorus is: It appears to have been first recorded in New York on 28 March 1913 by the Spanish-American tenor, Manuel Romain and released in June of that year on issue number 1743 of the Edison Blue Amberol Record\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12474395\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"Starring Sylvia Sidney, Henry Fonda, and Fred MacMurray, the film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song for Louis Alter and Sidney D. Mitchell's \\\"A Melody for the Sky.\\\" It was also awarded the Venice Film Festival Award for Best Color Film. Hathaway's version marked the first time the Technicolor process was used for outdoor filmmaking. The 1916 DeMille adaptation features an additional plot angle of Hale being a revenue agent seeking out \\\"moonshiners.\\\" It also omitted much of the subplot concerning the Falin family. Henry Hathaway's 1936 version, which was the first feature film to be\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7305430\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Don Winslow of the Navy (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Don Winslow of the Navy (comic strip) Don Winslow of the Navy was an American comic strip created by Frank Victor Martinek and distributed mostly by the Bell Syndicate from 1934 to 1955. The title character was a spy-chasing lieutenant commander in Naval intelligence. The comic strip led to a radio adventure serial that began in 1937, as well as film serials that began in 1942. Original comic book stories also appeared in Fawcett Comics titles starting in 1943. The idea for \\\"Don Winslow\\\" was conceived by Lieutenant Commander Frank V. Martinek, USNR, himself a storied veteran of World War\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12939264\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mickey Finn (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Mickey Finn (comic strip) Mickey Finn was an American comic strip created by cartoonist Lank Leonard, which was syndicated to newspapers from 1936 to 1976. The successful lighthearted strip struck a balance between comedy and drama. It was adapted to a 400-page Little Big Book and was reprinted in several comic book series throughout the 1930s and 1940s. Distributed by the McNaught Syndicate, cartoonist Lank Leonard's \\\"Mickey Finn\\\" debuted as a daily strip on Monday, April 6, 1936. The Sunday strip, which eventually focused on the supporting character of Uncle Phil, began on May 17 of that same year. Leonard\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6803480\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Battle of Lone Pine\",\n \"text\": \"of the campaign in December 1915 when Allied troops were evacuated from the peninsula. The Lone Pine battlefield was named for a solitary Turkish pine that stood there at the start of the fighting. The tree was also known by the Anzac soldiers as the \\\"Lonesome Pine\\\", and both names are likely to have been inspired by the popular song \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\". The battlefield was situated near the centre of the eastern line of the Australian and New Zealand trenches around Anzac Cove on a rise known as \\\"400 Plateau\\\" that joined \\\"Bolton's Ridge\\\" to the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2478302\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lonesome Pine Fiddlers\",\n \"text\": \"Lonesome Pine Fiddlers The Lonesome Pine Fiddlers (1938- 1966) were an early bluegrass band which included such notable \\\"first generation\\\" bluegrass musicians as Ezra Cline, Bobby Osborne, Paul Williams, Melvin Goins, Charlie Cline, Curly Ray Cline, Larry Richardson and for a short time Jimmy Martin. The Lonesome Pine Fiddlers were inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Association Hall of Fame in 2009. The group was started by Ezra Cline and Curly Ray Cline and was originally named \\\"Cousin Ezra and the Lonesome Pine Fiddlers\\\". The Clines came from a large family consisting of musically talented people. Ray and Charlie's father,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12226391\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film)\",\n \"text\": \"New York Times\\\" considering the film as significant yet not without flaws. \\\"Paramount's new film is far from perfect, either as a photoplay or as an instrument for the use of the new three-component Technicolor process\\\", although \\\"a cast of unusual merit and a richly beautiful color production\\\" was its redeeming qualities. The movie made a profit of $522,620. Two original songs from the film, both written by composer Louis Alter and lyricist Sidney D. Mitchell and sung by Fuzzy Knight, gained national prominence. \\\"A Melody from the Sky\\\" was nominated for the 1937 Academy Award in the category of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11278418\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sylvia Sidney\",\n \"text\": \"In 1926, she was seen by a Hollywood talent scout and made her first film appearance later that year. During the Depression, Sidney appeared in a string of films, often playing the girlfriend or the sister of a gangster. She appeared with Gary Cooper, Spencer Tracy, Henry Fonda, Joel McCrea, Fredric March, George Raft and Cary Grant. Among her films from this period were: \\\"An American Tragedy\\\", \\\"City Streets\\\" and \\\"Street Scene\\\" (all 1931), Alfred Hitchcock's \\\"Sabotage\\\" and Fritz Lang's \\\"Fury\\\" (both 1936), \\\"You Only Live Once\\\", \\\"Dead End\\\" (both 1937) and \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\", an early\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3870869\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Don Winslow of the Navy (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"The cover of the first issue shows Captain Marvel introducing the character to the readers. This series lasted until 1948, then was revived in 1951, for a total to 69 issues. Winslow was revived again for a final brief time starting in 1955 in reprints published by Charlton Comics. Don Winslow of the Navy (comic strip) Don Winslow of the Navy was an American comic strip created by Frank Victor Martinek and distributed mostly by the Bell Syndicate from 1934 to 1955. The title character was a spy-chasing lieutenant commander in Naval intelligence. The comic strip led to a radio\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12939272\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Ambassador (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"The Ambassador (comic strip) The Ambassador is a short-lived newspaper comic strip created by Otto Soglow in 1933. In 1931, Soglow introduced his Little King character in \\\"The New Yorker\\\". William Randolph Hearst was determined to see \\\"The Little King\\\" syndicated by his own King Features Syndicate, but contractual obligations prevented the transfer of the strip. Soglow solved the conflict by selling Hearst a temporary, nearly-identical strip: \\\"The Ambassador\\\". When Soglow's contract with \\\"The New Yorker\\\" expired in 1934, \\\"The Little King\\\" was able to immediately resume as a King Features Sunday strip on September 9 of that year, only\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10777520\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Norm (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"The Norm (comic strip) The Norm is an American comic strip by Michael Jantze. It ran in newspapers, syndicated by King Features Syndicate, from 1996 until 2004 when Jantze removed the strip from syndication to develop it as an online comic strip and television series. \\\"The Norm 4.0\\\" rebooted in January 2015 and appears every Monday at GoComics. A book collection of the earlier color Sunday work is in print in English and other books and magazines are available in English, Swedish and Spanish by resellers. Norm: The title character is Norman, who, with very few exceptions, is always referred\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8366608\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winnie the Pooh (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"as part of a \\\"classics\\\" package. Winnie the Pooh (comic strip) Winnie the Pooh is a comic strip based on the characters created by A.A. Milne in his 1920s books, which ran from June 19, 1978, until April 2, 1988. Based on the Disney adaptations of the characters, the strip was written by Don Ferguson and drawn by Richard Moore, although the feature was usually billed as \\\"by Disney.\\\" To the established cast of characters, Ferguson and Moore added Sir Brian and the Dragon, inspired by characters from Milne's poetry. The strip originally was syndicated by King Features. Up until\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10684201\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winnie the Pooh (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Winnie the Pooh (comic strip) Winnie the Pooh is a comic strip based on the characters created by A.A. Milne in his 1920s books, which ran from June 19, 1978, until April 2, 1988. Based on the Disney adaptations of the characters, the strip was written by Don Ferguson and drawn by Richard Moore, although the feature was usually billed as \\\"by Disney.\\\" To the established cast of characters, Ferguson and Moore added Sir Brian and the Dragon, inspired by characters from Milne's poetry. The strip originally was syndicated by King Features. Up until April 2010, Creators Syndicate offered reprints\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10684200\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rugrats (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"\\\". The assumption is that the readers have seen the feature film, not fully dealing with the major plot points of the movie. In the November 30 strip, Kimi first appears in the comic strip, without any introduction to the character. The first week after the series is about Chuckie being excited that he has a new sister. Rugrats (comic strip) Rugrats was a daily comic strip based on the Nickelodeon animated television series \\\"Rugrats\\\". Like the program, the comic strip was written to be humorous to both kids and adults. Writers for the series were Scott Gray, Gordon Kent,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15069614\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Comic Strip\",\n \"text\": \"had been released theatrically and on VHS (103m) in the late-1980s. A nine-disc Region 2 DVD set, \\\"The Comic Strip Presents: The Complete Collection\\\" was released in July 2005 (and re-released in August 2007). This included all the Channel 4 and BBC episodes (finally canonising \\\"The Bullshitters\\\" as a Comic Strip episode) plus \\\"The Supergrass\\\" across eight discs, but not \\\"Eat the Rich\\\" (due to rights issues), and was released too early to include \\\"...Sex Actually\\\". The ninth disc includes a retrospective documentary from 2005, Julien Temple's 1981 film \\\"The Comic Strip\\\" (which retroactively lays a strong claim to being\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1837143\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lonesome Pine Fiddlers\",\n \"text\": \"Awards was the playing of \\\"Pain in my Heart\\\" by Osborne, Goins and Williams along with a Song from the Dillards, who were also inducted the same evening. Lonesome Pine Fiddlers The Lonesome Pine Fiddlers (1938- 1966) were an early bluegrass band which included such notable \\\"first generation\\\" bluegrass musicians as Ezra Cline, Bobby Osborne, Paul Williams, Melvin Goins, Charlie Cline, Curly Ray Cline, Larry Richardson and for a short time Jimmy Martin. The Lonesome Pine Fiddlers were inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Association Hall of Fame in 2009. The group was started by Ezra Cline and Curly Ray\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12226396\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Comic Strip\",\n \"text\": \"Richardson, as well as Rik Mayall, Nigel Planer, Stephen Mangan and Robbie Coltrane), and it was filmed in the first weeks of July 2012, in and around Totnes. Richardson wrote and directed the film. The film showcased the characters thirty years on trying to recapture their youth. The film broadcast on Gold 7 November 2012. In addition, a documentary broadcast 3 November 2012, \\\"30 Years of Comic Strip\\\", detailed the filming and reception of several Comic Strip episodes including both original \\\"Five Go Mad\\\" episodes, \\\"The Strike\\\" and its somewhat sequel \\\"GLC: The Carnage Continues\\\", \\\"A Fistful of Traveller's Cheques\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1837138\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"was adapted into a long-running series of 28 low-budget theatrical B-features, produced by Columbia Pictures. Beginning with \\\"Blondie\\\" in 1938, the series lasted 12 years, through \\\"Beware of Blondie\\\" (1950). The two major roles were Penny Singleton as Blondie and Arthur Lake (whose first starring role was another comic strip character, Harold Teen) as Dagwood. Faithfulness to the comic strip was a major concern of the creators of the series. Little touches were added that were iconic to the strip, like the appearance of Dagwood's famous sandwiches—and the running gag of Dagwood colliding with the mailman amid a flurry of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2513681\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Amazing Spider-Man (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"The Amazing Spider-Man (comic strip) The Amazing Spider-Man is a daily comic strip featuring the character Spider-Man. It is a dramatic, soap opera style strip with story arcs which typically run for 8 to 12 weeks. While the strip uses many of the same characters as the Spider-Man comic book, the storylines are nearly all originals and do not share the same continuity. A consistently popular strip, it has been published since 1977. A Spider-Man comic strip was first proposed in 1970. Two weeks' worth of strips were written by Spider-Man co-creator Stan Lee and illustrated by John Romita Sr.,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11848644\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Opus (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"during an interview by NPR radio host Diane Rehm, Mr. Breathed responded to an e-mail question regarding the existence of \\\"Opus: The Last Christmas\\\" by saying, In a June 2007 interview with Salon.com, Breathed confirmed that the Miramax feature was \\\"dead\\\", but left the door open for an independently produced Opus film: Opus (comic strip) Opus was a Sunday strip drawn by Berkeley Breathed for a period of five years, 2003 to 2008. It was Breathed's fourth comic strip, following \\\"The Academia Waltz\\\", \\\"Bloom County\\\" and \\\"Outland\\\". Set in Bloom County, the strip documented the adventures of Breathed's popular character\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3231871\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Incredible Hulk (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"The Incredible Hulk (comic strip) The Incredible Hulk is a syndicated newspaper strip, which debuted on October 30, 1978 and ran until September 5, 1982 by King Features Syndicate. Initially written by Stan Lee and drawn by Larry Lieber, this strip modeled its version of the character after the television series airing at the time, with Banner's first name being given as \\\"David\\\", the McGee character, and a \\\"wandering man\\\" format. Although the depiction of the Hulk matched the comic books in terms of visual design, he did not speak dialog which is akin to the television version of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20091960\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mickey Finn (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"player Red Fedder and bartender Clancy. Leonard occasionally brought into the strip real-life sports figures, such as Joe Louis and Lou Gehrig. Lank Leonard's \\\"Mickey Finn\\\" strip was reprinted in color in the first American comic book series, Eastern Color Printing's \\\"Famous Funnies\\\", starting with issue #28 (Nov. 1936). \\\"Famous Funnies\\\" also reprinted Leonard's \\\"Nippie: He's Often Wrong\\\", which appeared as the Sunday page's topper (an additional, ancillary strip). \\\"Mickey Finn\\\" appeared in most issues through #35 (June 1937). The strip then appeared in every issue of Quality Comics' \\\"Feature Funnies\\\" (retitled \\\"Feature Comics\\\" with issue #21) from #1-113 (Oct.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6803484\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lonesome Dove (miniseries)\",\n \"text\": \"Lonesome Dove (miniseries) Lonesome Dove is an American epic Western adventure television miniseries directed by Simon Wincer. It is a four-part adaptation of the 1985 novel of the same name by Larry McMurtry and is the first installment in the Lonesome Dove series. The novel was based upon a screenplay by Peter Bogdanovich and McMurtry, intended to star John Wayne, James Stewart and Henry Fonda, but the film was never made after John Ford advised Wayne against it. The eventual television miniseries stars Robert Duvall and Tommy Lee Jones. The series was originally broadcast by CBS from February 5 to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13616466\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Crankshaft (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Crankshaft (comic strip) Crankshaft is a comic strip about a character by the same name — an elderly, curmudgeonly school bus driver —which debuted on June 8, 1987. Written by Tom Batiuk and drawn by Dan Davis, \\\"Crankshaft\\\" is a spin-off from Batiuk’s comic strip \\\"Funky Winkerbean\\\". Prior to April 2, 2017, the strip was drawn by Chuck Ayers. \\\"Crankshaft\\\" is known for recurring running gags, such as: The continuity of \\\"Crankshaft\\\" is as much as twenty years behind that of \\\"Funky Winkerbean\\\"; strips in both comics in August and September 2011 show a character in the latter strip, a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5958130\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Latigo (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"in color, starting in issue #300 (April 2011). Dean Owen, Western writer, wrote three novels starring Latigo with Stan Lynde's permission. They were \\\"Latigo: Trackdown\\\", \\\"Latigo #2: Vengeance Trail\\\", and \\\"Latigo #3: Dead Shot\\\". Latigo (comic strip) Latigo was a comic strip written and drawn by cartoonist Stan Lynde, who also created the \\\"Rick O'Shay\\\" comic strip. After a dispute over the ownership of \\\"Rick O'Shay\\\" with the Chicago Tribune Syndicate, Lynde left and went to Field Enterprises to launch \\\"Latigo\\\". The daily \\\"Latigo\\\" daily strip began 25 June 1979. The Sunday strip, in a half-page format, began 1 July\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6121553\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Farmageddon (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Farmageddon (comic strip) Farmageddon started life in 1991 as a comic strip called 'The Funny Farm' and was created by Niel Bushnell & Gordon Fraser. Bushnell & Fraser were friends from school and both wanted careers as comic artists. They began to develop an idea for a newspaper comic strip based around a farm. Initially inspired by American comic strips such as Calvin & Hobbes and Garfield, the comic soon found its own blend of humour. The Funny Farm was published in the Hartlepool Mail from 1992 until 1994. It was also published in a short lived Sunday paper called\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8964636\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Henry Fonda\",\n \"text\": \"Major Major Major resembles Henry Fonda. Philip D. Beidler comments that \\\"one of the novel's great absurd jokes is the character's bewildering resemblance to Henry Fonda\\\". Taking into account when Catch 22 was written, this most likely refers to Fonda circa about 1955, when he starred in the film \\\"Mister Roberts\\\". From the beginning of his career in 1935 through his last projects in 1981, Fonda appeared in 106 films, television programs, and shorts. Through the course of his career, he appeared in many critically acclaimed films, including such classics as \\\"12 Angry Men\\\" and \\\"The Ox-Bow Incident\\\". He was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"567301\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1923 film)\",\n \"text\": \"become one of the most sought cinematographer of the era. Listed as first camera, essentially, Howe was considered the director of photography. Specifically, Howe made Mary Miles Minter's blue eyes register on orthochromatic film with a filter. With the success evident in Howe's work, especially in lighting, \\\"every blue-eyed actor and actress wanted him as their photographer. The novel was first adapted for the screen in 1914, and starred Dixie Compton. In 1916, a second adaptation, directed by Cecil B. DeMille, was released. The novel was adapted for the fourth time in 1936, and stars Sylvia Sidney and Fred MacMurray.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11278469\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Comic Strip\",\n \"text\": \"a sitcom in the same anarchic style as the Comic Strip. Richardson was initially to have been involved (in the role of Mike, ultimately played by Christopher Ryan), but was not due to differences between him and the show's producer, Paul Jackson. \\\"The Comic Strip Presents...\\\" debuted on 2 November 1982, the opening night of Channel 4. Each episode was prefixed by an animated lead-in consisting of the words \\\"The Comic Strip Presents\\\" accompanied by a soundtrack consisting of a drum machine and a Farfisa organ rendition of Quando quando quando, together with a bomb labelled \\\"Have a nice day\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1837125\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nick Carter (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"for TV and later adapted for comic-strip magazines. Several stories were drawn by Silver (Guido Silvestri) and Clod (Claudio Onesti). Nick Carter stories features a great number of parodies of famous themes and characters of literature, film, TV and history. An incomplete list includes: Nick Carter (comic strip) Nick Carter is an Italian comic strip created in 1972 as a semi-animated cartoon, for \\\"Gulp!\\\", one of the most popular Italian TV shows of that decade. The creators were Guido De Maria, as director and writer, and Franco Bonvicini (\\\"Bonvi\\\"), as co-writer and artist. The first run comprised 11 stories, later\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6556011\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Ernie Bushmiller. Following Guy Gilchrist's departure from \\\"Nancy\\\", this strip was discontinued. Nancy (comic strip) Nancy is an American comic strip, originally written and drawn by Ernie Bushmiller and distributed by United Feature Syndicate. The character of Nancy, a precocious eight-year-old, first appeared in the strip \\\"Fritzi Ritz\\\" about the airheaded flapper title character. Larry Whittington began \\\"Fritzi Ritz\\\" in 1922, and it was taken over by Bushmiller three years later. On January 2, 1933, Bushmiller introduced Fritzi's niece, Nancy. Soon she dominated the daily strip, which was retitled \\\"Nancy\\\" in 1938; Sluggo Smith, Nancy's friend from the \\\"wrong side\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3562217\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Henry Fonda\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Fonda Henry Jaynes Fonda (May 16, 1905 – August 12, 1982) was an American film and stage actor with a career spanning five decades. Fonda made his mark early as a Broadway actor. He also appeared in 1938 in plays performed in White Plains, New York, with Joan Tompkins. He made his Hollywood debut in 1935, and his career gained momentum after his Academy Award-nominated performance as Tom Joad in \\\"The Grapes of Wrath\\\", a 1940 adaptation of John Steinbeck's novel about an Oklahoma family who moved west during the Dust Bowl. Throughout five decades in Hollywood, Fonda cultivated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"567257\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Henry Fonda\",\n \"text\": \"nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in 1940's \\\"The Grapes of Wrath\\\" and won for his part in 1981's \\\"On Golden Pond\\\". Fonda made his mark in Westerns (which included his most villainous role as Frank in \\\"Once Upon a Time in the West\\\") and war films, and made frequent appearances in both television and foreign productions late in his career. Henry Fonda Henry Jaynes Fonda (May 16, 1905 – August 12, 1982) was an American film and stage actor with a career spanning five decades. Fonda made his mark early as a Broadway actor.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"567302\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film)\",\n \"text\": \"including 1916 and 1923 silent versions. As with the novel, the film makes extensive use of Appalachian English in the dialogue. Deep in the region of the Eastern Kentucky Coalfield, a feud between the Kentucky clans of the Tollivers and the Falins has been ongoing for as long as anyone can recall. After an engineer, Jack Hale, arrives with coal and railroad interests, he saves the life of Dave Tolliver, whose injury has developed gangrene. Dave expects to marry a cousin, June, but she takes an immediate shine to the newcomer. Her younger brother Buddie is also impressed with Hale,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11278414\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Table mountain pine\",\n \"text\": \"a stout, sharp spine 4–10 mm long. Sapling trees can bear cones in a little as 5 years. This pine prefers dry conditions and is mostly found on rocky slopes, preferring higher elevations, from 300–1760 m altitude. It commonly grows as single scattered trees or small groves, not in large forests like most other pines, and needs periodic disturbances for seedling establishment. \\\"Pinus pungens\\\" is the Lonesome Pine of the 1908 novel \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\" by John Fox, and popularised in the Laurel and Hardy film \\\"Way out West\\\": Several \\\"Lonesome Pine\\\" hiking trails have been waymarked\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2773609\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Al Capp\",\n \"text\": \"staged Sadie Hawkins dances, patterned after the similar annual event in the strip. Li'l Abner has one odd design quirk that has puzzled readers for decades: the part in his hair always faces the viewer, no matter which direction Abner is facing. In response to the question \\\"Which side does Abner part his hair on?,\\\" Capp would answer, \\\"Both.\\\" Capp said he finally found the right \\\"look\\\" for Li'l Abner with Henry Fonda's character Dave Tolliver, in \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\" (1936). In later years, Capp always claimed to have effectively created the miniskirt, when he first put\",\n \"psg_id\": \"32648\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Imperial Theatre (Augusta, Georgia)\",\n \"text\": \"name of Jake Wells with The B. F. Keith Supreme Vaudeville Co. After the acquisition of several other local theatres by Lynch Enterprises, The Wells Theatre's was changed to The Imperial Theatre. Throughout the early 1900s the theatre continued to provide the city of Augusta and the surrounding area with great entertainment. In 1929, as vaudevillian acts decreased in popularity and motion pictures enjoyed meteoric success, Miller decided to renovate the Imperial into a full-time movie house in the popular art deco style. In March 1936 \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine,\\\" starring Henry Fonda and Fred McMurray, became the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11702519\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Boondocks (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"very political and occasionally subject to great controversy, usually sparked by the comments and behavior of its main character, Huey. The comic strip has been withheld by newspapers several times. In this respect, it is similar to \\\"Doonesbury\\\". In particular, the principal characters often discussed racial and American socio-economic class issues. Because of its controversy and serious subject matter, many newspaper publishers either moved the strip to the op-ed section of the paper, pulled more potentially controversial strips from being published, didn't publish the strip at all, or canceled it altogether. Similar reactions have been faced by other strips, such\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2409702\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What the Duck\",\n \"text\": \"What the Duck What the Duck is a comic strip by Aaron Johnson that was produced from 2006 to 2016. It started as a webcomic, with the first strip posted in July 2006. The strip has appeared as print in numerous photography magazines including \\\"Amateur Photographer\\\". It was picked up for syndication in 2008 by Universal Press Syndicate under the name \\\"W. T. Duck\\\". The main character of the comic strip is a professional photographer who is a duck. The witty humor and smart observations about photography have made the comic a favorite among many amateur and professional photographers. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10276151\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Amazing Spider-Man (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"softcover editions. In 2015, Marvel and IDW began co-publishing hardcover reprints of the strip from the beginning in a series called The Amazing Spider-Man: The Ultimate Newspaper Comics Collection! Each volume is subtitled for the years covered in the individual book. Volume One runs from 1977-1979; Volume Two from 1979-1981; Volume Three from 1981-1982; Volume Four from 1983-1984. The comic strip world is designated its own universe with Marvel's multiverse, Earth-77013, and is featured in the \\\"Spider-Verse\\\" comic storyline. The Amazing Spider-Man (comic strip) The Amazing Spider-Man is a daily comic strip featuring the character Spider-Man. It is a dramatic,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11848651\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Nancy (comic strip) Nancy is an American comic strip, originally written and drawn by Ernie Bushmiller and distributed by United Feature Syndicate. The character of Nancy, a precocious eight-year-old, first appeared in the strip \\\"Fritzi Ritz\\\" about the airheaded flapper title character. Larry Whittington began \\\"Fritzi Ritz\\\" in 1922, and it was taken over by Bushmiller three years later. On January 2, 1933, Bushmiller introduced Fritzi's niece, Nancy. Soon she dominated the daily strip, which was retitled \\\"Nancy\\\" in 1938; Sluggo Smith, Nancy's friend from the \\\"wrong side of the tracks\\\" had been introduced earlier that year, and the strip's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3562205\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Comic Strip\",\n \"text\": \"The Comic Strip The Comic Strip is a group of British comedians who came to prominence in the 1980s. They are known for their television series The Comic Strip Presents... which was labelled as a pioneering example of the alternative comedy scene. The core members are Adrian Edmondson, Dawn French, Rik Mayall, Nigel Planer, Peter Richardson, Jennifer Saunders and Alexei Sayle, with frequent appearances by Keith Allen, Robbie Coltrane, Lanah P and others. Two double acts, Adrian Edmondson and Rik Mayall under the name \\\"20th Century Coyote\\\" and Nigel Planer and Peter Richardson as \\\"The Outer Limits\\\", started performing at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1837121\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monty (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Monty (comic strip) Monty is an American comic strip created, written and illustrated by cartoonist Jim Meddick. The comic strip began as \\\"Robotman\\\" in 1985. It originally depicted the exploits of a small robot from outer space visiting Earth, living with the ordinary Milde family. In the 1990s, Robotman instead began living with a geeky inventor named Monty, introduced in the January 20, 1993 strip. Robotman left the strip in 2001 to find love on the planet Diskelion, and was replaced in the strip by space alien Mr. Pi. \\\"Robotman\\\" originated as a character created for United Feature Syndicate as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1404824\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Daily comic strip\",\n \"text\": \"Daily comic strip A daily strip is a newspaper comic strip format, appearing on weekdays, Monday through Saturday, as contrasted with a Sunday strip, which typically only appears on Sundays. Bud Fisher's \\\"Mutt and Jeff\\\" is commonly regarded as the first daily comic strip, launched November 15, 1907 (under its initial title, \\\"A. Mutt\\\") on the sports pages of the \\\"San Francisco Chronicle\\\". The featured character had previously appeared in sports cartoons by Fisher but was unnamed. Fisher had approached his editor, John P. Young, about doing a regular strip as early as 1905 but was turned down. According to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5237539\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wings of the Morning (1937 film)\",\n \"text\": \"Wings of the Morning (1937 film) Wings of the Morning is a 1937 British drama film directed by Harold D. Schuster and starring Annabella, Henry Fonda, and Leslie Banks. Glenn Tryon was the original director but he was fired and replaced by Schuster. It was the first ever three-strip Technicolor movie shot in England or Europe. Popular Irish tenor Count John McCormack appeared in the film singing \\\"Believe Me, if All Those Endearing Young Charms\\\" and \\\"Killarney\\\". The picture was French actress Annabella's first English language film. Henry Fonda met his second wife, Frances Ford Seymour, mother of Jane and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15415123\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sesame Street (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Sesame Street (comic strip) Sesame Street is a nationally syndicated comic strip inspired by \\\"Sesame Street\\\". Written and drawn by veteran Sesame animator Cliff Roberts, the earliest concept art was created in 1970, and by 1971, a promotional booklet was created as the comic entered the market, courtesy of King Features. The strip debuted on November 15, 1971, in more than 175 newspapers, and ran until 1975. The strip, which ran both daily and on Sundays, was conceptually similar to the series in its pedagogical goals, but, in the first two years of the strip, conspicuous by the absence of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17350102\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"BONZZO (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"BONZZO (comic strip) BONZZO The Comic Strip is a comic strip created by John Rivas. Rivas describes \\\"BONZZO\\\" as a young likable adult facing life with a child's mentality. His comic strip represents our daily lives, as well as reminds us of ideas, happy events and how we filtered each moment in our lives. “Bonzzo comes from a character I had to promote my advertising agency. The concept went from there, until I took it to the graphic stage of a comic strip. Fernando Roque helped me with the illustrations”, Rivas said. Since then, Bonzzo went from an inanimate object,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16750856\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wormy (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Trampier abruptly vanished from public life. The final installment of \\\"Wormy\\\" ended the strip in the middle of an unfinished storyline. No further \\\"Wormy\\\" comics were ever published. Wormy (comic strip) Wormy, drawn and written by David A. Trampier, was a fantasy comic strip about a talking dragon named Wormy. The strip was originally serialized in the role-playing magazine \\\"Dragon\\\". The September 1977 issue of \\\"Dragon\\\" (Issue #9) featured the first 6-panel comic of \\\"Wormy\\\". The first comic featured the title character, a cigar-chomping, pool hustling, wargaming dragon, and subsequent issues revealed the cast of goblins and ogres who were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18035410\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Snow White (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"are many story arcs that were deleted from the finished film that are explored in this comic strip. Michael Sporn Animation explains further: Snow White (comic strip) A comic strip adaptation of Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was released to coincide with the release of the film. The comic strip was written by Merrill de Marris and drawn by Hank Porter, both staff at Walt Disney Pictures. The original strip ran from December 1937 to April 1938 and was distributed by King Features Syndicate. Used in the strip are a number of story ideas that were ultimately abandoned\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18199672\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Boondocks (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"The Boondocks (comic strip) The Boondocks was a daily syndicated comic strip written and originally drawn by Aaron McGruder that ran from 1996 to 2006. Created by McGruder in 1996 for Hitlist.com, an early online music website, it was printed in the monthly hip hop magazine \\\"The Source\\\" in 1997. As it gained popularity, the comic strip was picked up by the Universal Press Syndicate and made its national debut on April 19, 1999. A popular and controversial strip, \\\"The Boondocks\\\" satirizes African American culture and American politics as seen through the eyes of young, black radical Huey Freeman. McGruder's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2409692\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Henry Fonda\",\n \"text\": \"a strong, appealing screen image in such classics as \\\"The Ox-Bow Incident\\\", \\\"Mister Roberts\\\", and \\\"12 Angry Men\\\". Later, Fonda moved toward darker epics such as Sergio Leone's \\\"Once Upon a Time in the West\\\" and lighter roles in family comedies such as \\\"Yours, Mine and Ours\\\" with Lucille Ball, winning the Academy Award for Best Actor at the 54th Academy Awards for the movie \\\"On Golden Pond\\\", his final film role. Fonda was the patriarch of a family of famous actors, including daughter Jane Fonda, son Peter Fonda, granddaughter Bridget Fonda, and grandson Troy Garity. His family and close\",\n \"psg_id\": \"567258\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Penny (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Penny (comic strip) Penny was a comic strip about a teenage girl by Harry Haenigsen which maintained its popularity for almost three decades. It was distributed by the New York Herald Tribune Syndicate from 1943 to 1970. \\\"Penny\\\" began because Helen Rogers Reid, the wife of the \\\"New York Herald Tribune\\\" publisher Ogden Mills Reid, wanted to see a girl as the central character of a new comic strip. Haenigsen had been doing a strip about a teenage boy, \\\"Our Bill\\\", when he launched \\\"Penny\\\" on June 20, 1943. The prolific cartoonist Bill Hoest was Haenigsen's assistant on \\\"Penny\\\". After\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14506575\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Uti vår hage (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"any obvious source of income, he nevertheless lives in his own detached villa with large garden and drives an old Volvo Amazon. He has an extremely high opinion of himself and his own abilities, which fails to reflect the realities of his personality. For example, he considers himself to be a talented poet. Petersson has stated that Faló is inspired by Einar Lindberg's character Sympatiska Filip, from the strip Filip och Kaspersson. Sympatiska Filip was in turn based upon Elov Persson's character Kronblom. Petersson derived the name Faló from the Argentinian singer and guitarist Eduardo Falú. The comic strip contains\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15666925\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mickey Finn (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"series by the Saalfield Publishing Company of Akron, Ohio. Golden Years Publications reprinted the \\\"Mickey Finn\\\" strips from \\\"Big Shot\\\" #82 (Oct. 1947) in \\\"All-Amazing Comics\\\" #16 (Dec. 2001). Referring to \\\"Peanuts\\\" creator Charles Schulz, Morris Weiss said in 2006, \\\"'Sparky' Schulz once told me that \\\"Mickey Finn\\\" was his dad's favorite comic strip. Compliments like that you don't hear every day.\\\" Mickey Finn (comic strip) Mickey Finn was an American comic strip created by cartoonist Lank Leonard, which was syndicated to newspapers from 1936 to 1976. The successful lighthearted strip struck a balance between comedy and drama. It was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6803486\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Don Winslow of the Navy (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Merwil, a small publisher, offered reprints in 1937. In 1938 Dell Comics began reprinting the newspaper strips in \\\"Crackajack Funnies\\\" alongside other established newspaper features. When that title ceased publication in 1942, \\\"Don Winslow\\\" reprints begin running in \\\"Popular Comics\\\", again with other strip favorites of the era. In addition, Dell also had Don Winslow in two issues of their \\\"Four Color Comics\\\", a series which spotlighted a different character with nearly every issue. Dell's 1938 one-shot, \\\"Famous Feature Stories\\\", contained more \\\"Winslow\\\". Fawcett Comics released the \\\"Don Winslow of the Navy\\\" comic book with original stories beginning in 1943.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12939271\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Crankshaft (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"other members of the cast visibly older as well and implies a possible relationship between his granddaughter Mindy Murdoch and \\\"Funky Winkerbean\\\" regular Pete Roberts. Crankshaft (comic strip) Crankshaft is a comic strip about a character by the same name — an elderly, curmudgeonly school bus driver —which debuted on June 8, 1987. Written by Tom Batiuk and drawn by Dan Davis, \\\"Crankshaft\\\" is a spin-off from Batiuk’s comic strip \\\"Funky Winkerbean\\\". Prior to April 2, 2017, the strip was drawn by Chuck Ayers. \\\"Crankshaft\\\" is known for recurring running gags, such as: The continuity of \\\"Crankshaft\\\" is as much\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5958133\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Donald Duck (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Grandma is a hard-working farmer, but out of touch with the technologal progress of the world surrounding here. A comic strip version of Scrooge McDuck was added by Taliaferro on February 13, 1951, and a comic strip version of Ludwig Von Drake on September 25, 1961. Donald's car, the 313, was designed by Taliaferro on July 1, 1938. It has been associated with the character ever since. Donald Duck (comic strip) Donald Duck is an American comic strip by The Walt Disney Company starring Donald Duck. The first \\\"Donald Duck\\\" strip debuted in American newspapers on the 7th of February,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20678732\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How the West Was Won (film)\",\n \"text\": \"the last part. We had a meeting, and I said, 'You can't quit. You've got to show how the West was won. The West was won when the law took over'.\\\" Filming was finished in January 1962. After the film was shot, MGM ordered a new ending which rounded out the story of the family and involved shooting for another month. Henry Fonda and Debbie Reynolds were involved in this. The budget eventually reached $12 million. The film later inspired a television series of the same name. The music for the film was composed and conducted by Alfred Newman. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"816393\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sesame Street (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"largely pre-literate television audience. However, many strips were pure comedy, revolving around the characters' eccentricities and foibles. Sesame Street (comic strip) Sesame Street is a nationally syndicated comic strip inspired by \\\"Sesame Street\\\". Written and drawn by veteran Sesame animator Cliff Roberts, the earliest concept art was created in 1970, and by 1971, a promotional booklet was created as the comic entered the market, courtesy of King Features. The strip debuted on November 15, 1971, in more than 175 newspapers, and ran until 1975. The strip, which ran both daily and on Sundays, was conceptually similar to the series in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17350105\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Norm (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"wearing it for a long time afterwards. Norm got used to seeing his friend in the costume that he did not recognize Chris when he finally got out of it. Later Chris became one of Norm's co-workers when he was hired as an accountant. \\\"The Norm\\\" at GoComics archive. The Norm (comic strip) The Norm is an American comic strip by Michael Jantze. It ran in newspapers, syndicated by King Features Syndicate, from 1996 until 2004 when Jantze removed the strip from syndication to develop it as an online comic strip and television series. \\\"The Norm 4.0\\\" rebooted in January\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8366621\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Belinda (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Belinda (comic strip) Belinda, aka Belinda Blue-Eyes, was a newspaper comic strip created in 1936 by the cartoonist Steve Dowling (1904-1986) and scripted by Bill Connor. It was published in the UK newspaper \\\"Daily Mirror\\\". In \\\"The Penguin Book of Comics\\\", George Perry and Alan Aldridge wrote, \\\"Belinda Blue Eyes was a perpetual waif, a British counterpart to the transatlantic \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". Over the years she grew slowly. By 1959 when the strip ended, she had just about reached the stage when she needed a bra.\\\" In 1943, Tony Royle took over as the artist. During World War II,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10790030\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Comic Strip\",\n \"text\": \"Travellers Cheques\\\", \\\"Strike\\\", \\\"G.L.C.\\\", \\\"Gino\\\", \\\"Susie\\\", \\\"Mr Jolly Lives Next Door\\\", \\\"Spaghetti Hoops\\\", \\\"Red Nose of Courage\\\", \\\"Bullshitters\\\", \\\"Detectives on the Edge of a Nervous Breakdown\\\", \\\"Gregory Diary of a Nutcase\\\", \\\"The Crying Game\\\", \\\"Four Men in a Car\\\" (revised edit) and \\\"Four Men in a Plane\\\" The Comic Strip The Comic Strip is a group of British comedians who came to prominence in the 1980s. They are known for their television series The Comic Strip Presents... which was labelled as a pioneering example of the alternative comedy scene. The core members are Adrian Edmondson, Dawn French, Rik Mayall, Nigel\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1837146\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Flook (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"the Left-leaning \\\"Daily Mirror\\\" and \\\"Sunday Mirror\\\" in 1984–85, scripted by Keith Waterhouse (shortly before he moved to the \\\"Mail\\\"). Flook was adopted as a mascot by 831 Squadron, Fleet Air Arm, and the character was painted on the squadron aircraft. Flook (comic strip) Flook was a British comic strip which ran from 1949 to 1984 in the \\\"Daily Mail\\\" newspaper. It was drawn by Wally Fawkes (of the jazz group Wally Fawkes and the Troglodytes), who signed the strips as \\\"Trog\\\". It was the first newspaper comic strip to be published by the New Zealand newspaper \\\"Otago Daily Times\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4323742\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Heart of the City (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Heart of the City (comic strip) Heart of the City is a comic strip by Mark Tatulli. It began syndication by Universal Press Syndicate on November 23, 1998, and is still running. It is currently syndicated by the Newspaper Enterprise Association (a division of Andrews McMeel Syndication, parent company of Universal Press Syndicate). It centers on a young girl, named Heart, who lives somewhere in Philadelphia. (One 2004 strip shows her home address as 1512 Spruce Street) In typical comic strip format, characters do not age but the world around them is shown to change. For example, Dean was seen\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10795232\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Famous Funnies\",\n \"text\": \"Famous Funnies Famous Funnies is an American publication of the 1930s that represents what popular culture historians consider the first true American comic book, following seminal precursors. The creation of the modern American comic book came in stages. Dell Publishing in 1929 published a 16-page, newsprint periodical of original, comic strip-styled material titled \\\"The Funnies\\\" and described by the Library of Congress as \\\"a short-lived newspaper tabloid insert\\\". (This is not to be confused with Dell's later same-name comic book, which began publication in 1936.) Historian Ron Goulart describes the four-color, newsstand periodical as \\\"more a Sunday comic section without\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9242982\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Darling (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"John Darling (comic strip) John Darling is an American comic strip, created by Tom Batiuk, a spin-off of his earlier comic strip \\\"Funky Winkerbean\\\". \\\"John Darling\\\" appeared from March 25, 1979 to August 4, 1990. John Darling, a talk-show host, was originally a supporting character in Batiuk's strip \\\"Funky Winkerbean\\\" before being spun off into his own strip. The original artist was Tom Armstrong, who left the strip in 1985 for his own creation, \\\"Marvin\\\", though he did return to draw the final three weeks of the strip. His replacement was Gerry Shamray. Stan Lynde also contributed to the strip\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5996123\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wormy (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Wormy (comic strip) Wormy, drawn and written by David A. Trampier, was a fantasy comic strip about a talking dragon named Wormy. The strip was originally serialized in the role-playing magazine \\\"Dragon\\\". The September 1977 issue of \\\"Dragon\\\" (Issue #9) featured the first 6-panel comic of \\\"Wormy\\\". The first comic featured the title character, a cigar-chomping, pool hustling, wargaming dragon, and subsequent issues revealed the cast of goblins and ogres who were his neighbors and friends. \\\"Wormy\\\" continued to appear in \\\"Dragon\\\" for the next 10 years, until Issue #132 (April 1988). In the late 1980s, \\\"Wormy\\\" creator David A.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18035409\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Henry Fonda\",\n \"text\": \"friends called him \\\"Hank\\\". In 1999, he was named the sixth-Greatest Male Star of All Time by the American Film Institute. Born in Grand Island, Nebraska in May 1905, Henry Jaynes Fonda was the son of printer William Brace Fonda, and his wife, Herberta (Jaynes). The family moved to Omaha, Nebraska in 1906. Fonda's patrilineal line originates with an ancestor from Genoa, Italy, who migrated to the Netherlands in the 15th century. In 1642, a branch of the Fonda family immigrated to the Dutch colony of New Netherland on the East Coast of North America. They were among the first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"567259\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Quincy (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Quincy (comic strip) Quincy is an American syndicated newspaper comic strip published from 1970 to 1986, created and produced by cartoonist Ted Shearer. The series, about an African-American boy being raised by his grandmother in Harlem, was one of the earliest mainstream comic strips to star an African American in the lead role, following \\\"\\\" (1968-1974) and \\\"Luther\\\" (1969-1986). Another predecessor, \\\"Wee Pals\\\" (1965- ), features an African-American among an ensemble cast of different races and ethnicities. The comic strip \\\"Quincy\\\", starring a 9- or 10-year-old African-American title character being raised by his grandmother in Manhattan's Harlem neighborhood, debuted on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18035065\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Henry Fonda\",\n \"text\": \"Fonda had planned on wearing a pair of brown-colored contact lenses, but Leone preferred the paradox of contrasting close-up shots of Fonda's innocent-looking blue eyes with the vicious personality of the character Fonda played. Fonda's relationship with Jimmy Stewart survived their disagreements over politics — Fonda was a liberal Democrat, and Stewart a conservative Republican. After a heated argument, they avoided talking politics with each other. The two men teamed up for 1968's \\\"Firecreek\\\", where Fonda again played the heavy. In 1970, Fonda and Stewart co-starred in the western \\\"The Cheyenne Social Club\\\", a minor film in which they humorously\",\n \"psg_id\": \"567279\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Opus (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Opus (comic strip) Opus was a Sunday strip drawn by Berkeley Breathed for a period of five years, 2003 to 2008. It was Breathed's fourth comic strip, following \\\"The Academia Waltz\\\", \\\"Bloom County\\\" and \\\"Outland\\\". Set in Bloom County, the strip documented the adventures of Breathed's popular character Opus the Penguin, parodying both pop culture and politics along the way. It was launched with much fanfare on November 23, 2003, and was syndicated by The Washington Post Writers Group. In early October 2008 the author declared he was terminating the strip because of his expectation that the United States is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3231854\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Neighbors (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"The Neighbors (comic strip) The Neighbors was an American gag-a-day comic strip, created by George Clark which ran from 1939 to 1971. Clark launched \\\"The Neighbors\\\" in 1939 with the Chicago Tribune-New York Daily News Syndicate. Similar to his earlier \\\"Side Glances\\\", it explored subtle aspects of middle-class family humor. He soon added a Sunday strip, \\\"Our Neighbors, the Ripples\\\", a title eventually shortened to \\\"The Ripples\\\". The Sunday strip was dropped in 1948, but his daily panel continued until 1971. Stephen Becker (\\\"Comic Art in America\\\") commented, \\\"He has never attempted to induce the belly laugh; he feels that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6826893\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Belinda (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"the title was shortened to \\\"Belinda\\\". Royle continued to draw the strip with writer Don Freeman until the end of its run on 17 October 1959. Royle retired to Badsey in Worcestershire, England, where he died March 1986. L100 - L219 1952-04-28 to 1952-09-13 Professor Belinda Belinda (comic strip) Belinda, aka Belinda Blue-Eyes, was a newspaper comic strip created in 1936 by the cartoonist Steve Dowling (1904-1986) and scripted by Bill Connor. It was published in the UK newspaper \\\"Daily Mirror\\\". In \\\"The Penguin Book of Comics\\\", George Perry and Alan Aldridge wrote, \\\"Belinda Blue Eyes was a perpetual waif,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10790031\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pickles (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"These Years\\\" (2002), \\\"Let's Get Pickled!\\\" (2006), \\\"How Come I Always Get Blamed for the Things I Do?\\\" (2010), and \\\"Oh Sure! Blame it on the Dog!\\\" (2013). A 25th anniversary retrospective, \\\"25 Years of Pickles\\\", was released by Baobab Press in 2015. Pickles (comic strip) Pickles is a daily and Sunday comic strip by Brian Crane focusing on a retired couple in their seventies, Earl and Opal Pickles. \\\"Pickles\\\" has been published since 1990. As of 2016, \\\"Pickles\\\" was syndicated in close to 1,000 newspapers worldwide. Inspired by Crane's in-laws, the strip describes their efforts to enjoy retirement, which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3294824\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Darling (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"information about the father she lost at a very young age. John Darling (comic strip) John Darling is an American comic strip, created by Tom Batiuk, a spin-off of his earlier comic strip \\\"Funky Winkerbean\\\". \\\"John Darling\\\" appeared from March 25, 1979 to August 4, 1990. John Darling, a talk-show host, was originally a supporting character in Batiuk's strip \\\"Funky Winkerbean\\\" before being spun off into his own strip. The original artist was Tom Armstrong, who left the strip in 1985 for his own creation, \\\"Marvin\\\", though he did return to draw the final three weeks of the strip. His\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5996126\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Snow White (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Snow White (comic strip) A comic strip adaptation of Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was released to coincide with the release of the film. The comic strip was written by Merrill de Marris and drawn by Hank Porter, both staff at Walt Disney Pictures. The original strip ran from December 1937 to April 1938 and was distributed by King Features Syndicate. Used in the strip are a number of story ideas that were ultimately abandoned in the film, including a more elaborate and comical meeting between the Prince and Snow White (in which Snow White creates a 'dummy'\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18199670\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sylvia (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Blonde.\\\" The book's success led Tribune Media Services to distribute \\\"Sylvia\\\" to newspapers as a daily comic strip beginning in 1981. Hollander has published 19 Sylvia collections, including \\\"The Whole Enchilada\\\" (1982), \\\"Tales from the Planet Sylvia\\\" (1990), with an introduction by Barbara Ehrenreich, and \\\"The Sylvia Chronicles: 30 Years of Graphic Misbehavior from Reagan to Obama\\\" (2010), with an introduction by Jules Feiffer. Sylvia (comic strip) Sylvia was a comic strip by American cartoonist Nicole Hollander that offered commentary on political, social and cultural topics, and on cats, primarily in the voice of its title character, Sylvia. Distributed to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15832895\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elvis (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"the strip easy to understand even for non-daily readers, which is the case with most daily newspaper strips. There are also several comic books released, some of which feature a main plot. Nowadays, Tony's wife Maria Cronstam is a main part in the development of the comic. Elvis (comic strip) Elvis is a Swedish comic strip created in 2000 by Tony Cronstam for the free daily newspaper \\\"Metro\\\", as well as other more local newspapers. Elvis Tonysson, the main character of the comic is a middle-aged man portrayed as a tortoise, who is according to Cronstam loosely based on himself,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8173829\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arnold (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"the strip in \\\"Detroit Free Press\\\", \\\"I was extremely gratified and happy to receive all the letters from Free Press readers concerning the demise of Arnold. I even had second thoughts. But, alas, it was too late. The gigantic bird had already swallowed.\\\" Arnold (comic strip) Arnold was a syndicated comic strip by Kevin McCormick that ran at its height in 56 newspapers, including the \\\"LA Times\\\" and the \\\"Detroit Free Press,\\\" from 1982 through 1988. The strip was characterized by an off-beat sense of humor and random interjections by the title character, Arnold. The main characters were Arnold Melville,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3829561\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Comic strip\",\n \"text\": \"Oldbuck\\\" or \\\"Histoire de Monsieur Jabot\\\" (1831), inspired subsequent generations of German and American comic artists. In 1865, German painter, author, and caricaturist Wilhelm Busch created the strip \\\"Max and Moritz\\\", about two trouble-making boys, which had a direct influence on the American comic strip. \\\"Max and Moritz\\\" was a series of severely moralistic tales in the vein of German children's stories such as \\\"Struwwelpeter\\\" (\\\"Shockheaded Peter\\\"); in one, the boys, after perpetrating some mischief, are tossed into a sack of grain, run through a mill, and consumed by a flock of geese. \\\"Max and Moritz\\\" provided an inspiration for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"70097\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thatch (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"heartless, shallow rich bitch.\\\" In 1998, Shesol was offered a position as speech writer for the President of the United States Bill Clinton. Shesol agreed and ended the strip. The final \\\"Thatch\\\" appeared on April 11, 1998. Thatch (comic strip) Thatch was a comic strip created by Jeff Shesol. The strip began in Brown University's student newspaper \\\"The Brown Daily Herald\\\". It was later picked up for syndication by Creators Syndicate in late 1994. The title character was an everyman who struggled through life and politics. He had an alter-ego, Politically Correct Person (P.C. Person), who was a stereotype of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10525729\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Garth (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"to publish the Comic it will be collected in a bumper edition after the 5th book. HuwJ Believes that the online revamp of the character was the catalyst that got the longtime fans of the character to push for a return of the hero and what ultimately led the Newspaper and its Licensing arm to re-color the old strips and re launch them in the paper Garth started a run of reprints in the \\\"Daily Mirror\\\" coloured by Martin Baines in the issue dated Monday 21 February 2011. and continues at present, the strip and the character are a testament\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8789027\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pickles (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Pickles (comic strip) Pickles is a daily and Sunday comic strip by Brian Crane focusing on a retired couple in their seventies, Earl and Opal Pickles. \\\"Pickles\\\" has been published since 1990. As of 2016, \\\"Pickles\\\" was syndicated in close to 1,000 newspapers worldwide. Inspired by Crane's in-laws, the strip describes their efforts to enjoy retirement, which instead proves quite imperfect for both. Earl Pickles is characterized as having a bald head, glasses, and a bushy white mustache, and wears suspenders. Opal Pickles is characterized as somewhat chubby, bespectacled, and is often seen wearing purple polka-dotted dresses and white sneakers.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3294822\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Incredible Hulk (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"character. Lieber took over both writing and artwork soon after the strip launched. He later turned over art chores to first Rich Buckler (starting in Spring 1979) and then Alan Kupperberg (starting in November 1979), who also wrote the strip in its final months. The newspaper credits were slow to reflect changes in the creative team; Stan Lee, for instance, continued to appear in the byline for months after he gave up working on the strip. The Incredible Hulk (comic strip) The Incredible Hulk is a syndicated newspaper strip, which debuted on October 30, 1978 and ran until September 5,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20091961\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Terry and the Pirates (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"the Year Award from the National Cartoonists Society for his work on \\\"Terry and the Pirates\\\". The daily strip began October 22, 1934, and the Sunday color pages began December 9, 1934. Initially, the storylines of the daily strips and Sunday pages were different, but on August 26, 1936, they merged into a single storyline. Although \\\"Terry and the Pirates\\\" had made Caniff famous, the strip was owned by the syndicate, which was not uncommon at the time. Seeking creative control of his own work, Caniff left the strip in 1946, his last \\\"Terry\\\" strip being published on December 29.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1525010\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Comic Strip\",\n \"text\": \"his quad bike accident. Permission was thus given by Mayall's family to show the special. Peter Richardson, who has built his career as a writer-director with the TV series \\\"Stella Street\\\" and films such as \\\"\\\", has not ruled out the possibility of a whole new series of \\\"The Comic Strip Presents...\\\" featuring younger cast members. In June 2011 a casting call went out for a new hour-long episode, starring most of the original team. This was followed by an announcement that the Comic Strip was to produce a one-off special entitled \\\"The Hunt for Tony Blair\\\", starring Stephen Mangan\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1837136\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["al capp's li'l abner"],"string":"[\n \"al capp's li'l abner\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":285,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what was the original name of the orphan created in 1924 by cartoonist harold gray in the comic strip we know as little orphan annie?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Harold Gray","text":"\"Chicago Tribune\" and stayed until 1919 when he left to freelance in commercial art. In 1923, while residing in Lombard, Illinois, he became a Freemason. From 1921 to 1924, he did the lettering for Sidney Smith's \"The Gumps\". After he came up with a strip idea in 1924 for \"Little Orphan Otto\", the title was altered by \"Chicago Tribune\" editor Joseph Medill Patterson to \"Little Orphan Annie\", launched August 5, 1924. Gray's first wife, Doris C. Platt, died in late 1925. He married Winifred Frost in 1929, and the couple moved to Greens Farms, Connecticut, spending winters in La Jolla,","psg_id":"4246378"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Harold Gray\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Chicago Tribune\\\" and stayed until 1919 when he left to freelance in commercial art. In 1923, while residing in Lombard, Illinois, he became a Freemason. From 1921 to 1924, he did the lettering for Sidney Smith's \\\"The Gumps\\\". After he came up with a strip idea in 1924 for \\\"Little Orphan Otto\\\", the title was altered by \\\"Chicago Tribune\\\" editor Joseph Medill Patterson to \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\", launched August 5, 1924. Gray's first wife, Doris C. Platt, died in late 1925. He married Winifred Frost in 1929, and the couple moved to Greens Farms, Connecticut, spending winters in La Jolla,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4246378\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"from the Chicago Tribune-New York Times Syndicate, Inc. for the dates 1943, 1959–61 and 1965–68, as well as originals and photocopies of the printed versions of \"Little Orphan Annie\", both daily and Sunday strips. Considering both Cupples & Leon and Pacific Comics Club, the biggest gap is in 1928. Little Orphan Annie Little Orphan Annie is a daily American comic strip created by Harold Gray and syndicated by the Tribune Media Services. The strip took its name from the 1885 poem \"Little Orphant Annie\" by James Whitcomb Riley, and made its debut on August 5, 1924, in the New York","psg_id":"1393897"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"Little Orphan Annie Little Orphan Annie is a daily American comic strip created by Harold Gray and syndicated by the Tribune Media Services. The strip took its name from the 1885 poem \"Little Orphant Annie\" by James Whitcomb Riley, and made its debut on August 5, 1924, in the New York \"Daily News\". The plot follows the wide-ranging adventures of Annie, her dog Sandy and her benefactor Oliver \"Daddy\" Warbucks. Secondary characters include Punjab, the Asp and Mr. Am. The strip attracted adult readers with political commentary that targeted (among other things) organized labor, the New Deal and communism. Following","psg_id":"1393841"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie (1938 film)","text":"Little Orphan Annie (1938 film) Little Orphan Annie is a 1938 American comedy film directed by Ben Holmes and written by Budd Schulberg and Samuel Ornitz. It is based on the comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\" by Harold Gray. The film stars Ann Gillis, Robert Kent, June Travis, J. Farrell MacDonald and J.M. Kerrigan. The film was released on December 2, 1938, by Paramount Pictures. Annie (Ann Gillis), an orphan, (based on Harold Gray's comic strip but who is at no point in the film called 'Little Orphan Annie), is befriended by a fight manager, 'Pop' Corrigan (J. Farrell MacDonald).","psg_id":"18259937"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"(empty or \"ground glass\") nuclei are a characteristic histological finding in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Harold Gray's work is in the Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center at Boston University. The Gray collection includes artwork, printed material, correspondence, manuscripts and photographs. Gray's original pen and ink drawings for \"Little Orphan Annie\" daily strips date from 1924 to 1968. The Sunday strips date from 1924 to 1964. Printed material in the collection includes numerous proofs of \"Little Orphan Annie\" daily and Sunday strips (1925–68). Most of these are in bound volumes. There are proofsheets of \"Little Orphan Annie\" daily strips","psg_id":"1393896"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"Annie doesn't become a star. As Bruce Smith remarks in \"The History of Little Orphan Annie\", \"Gray was smart enough never to let [Annie] get too successful.\" In 1977, \"Little Orphan Annie\" was adapted to the Broadway stage as \"Annie\". With music by Charles Strouse, lyrics by Martin Charnin and book by Thomas Meehan, the original production ran from April 21, 1977 to January 2, 1983. The work has been staged internationally. The musical took considerable liberties with the original comic strip plot. The Broadway Annies were Andrea McArdle, Shelly Bruce, Sarah Jessica Parker, Allison Smith and Alyson Kirk. Actresses","psg_id":"1393883"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie (1932 film)","text":"Little Orphan Annie (1932 film) Little Orphan Annie is a 1932 American Pre-Code comedy film directed by John S. Robertson and written by Wanda Tuchock and Tom McNamara. It is based on the comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\" by Harold Gray. The film stars Mitzi Green, Buster Phelps, May Robson, Matt Moore and Edgar Kennedy. The film was released on November 4, 1932, by RKO Pictures. Oliver \"Daddy\" Warbucks is going away to find gold. He must leave Annie and Sandy and promises that when he gets back they'll be rich. On the way home, Sandy finds a little boy","psg_id":"18257151"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie (1938 film)","text":"She brings him Johnny Adams (Robert Kent), a promising prizefighter. Annie gets the people of the neighborhood to finance his training. But on the night of Johnny's big fight, a gambling syndicate locks him in a gymnasium and it appears the neighborhood folks will lose their investment. Little Orphan Annie (1938 film) Little Orphan Annie is a 1938 American comedy film directed by Ben Holmes and written by Budd Schulberg and Samuel Ornitz. It is based on the comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\" by Harold Gray. The film stars Ann Gillis, Robert Kent, June Travis, J. Farrell MacDonald and J.M.","psg_id":"18259938"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie (1932 film)","text":"named Mickey crying behind a fence. Mickey is upset because his grandmother died and he is being forced to go to an orphanage. Little Orphan Annie (1932 film) Little Orphan Annie is a 1932 American Pre-Code comedy film directed by John S. Robertson and written by Wanda Tuchock and Tom McNamara. It is based on the comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\" by Harold Gray. The film stars Mitzi Green, Buster Phelps, May Robson, Matt Moore and Edgar Kennedy. The film was released on November 4, 1932, by RKO Pictures. Oliver \"Daddy\" Warbucks is going away to find gold. He must","psg_id":"18257152"},{"title":"Little Joe (comic strip)","text":"Little Joe (comic strip) Little Joe was a Western comic strip, created in the early 1930s by Ed Leffingwell and later continued by his brother, Robert Leffingwell. Distributed by the Chicago Tribune Syndicate, this Sunday strip had a long run spanning four decades. It was never a daily strip. Ed Leffingwell's cousin was Harold Gray, and he began in comics as Gray's assistant on \"Little Orphan Annie\", which explains why the artwork on \"Little Joe\" curiously resembled \"Little Orphan Annie\". \"Little Joe\" began October 1, 1933, but Ed Leffingwell worked on the strip for only three years. When he died","psg_id":"14406957"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"worked on the strip over the years. In \"The Penguin Book of Comics\" Belinda is described as \"a perpetual waif, a British counterpart to the transatlantic \"Little Orphan Annie\".\" The strip also influenced \"Little Annie Rooney\" (Jan. 10, 1927-1966) and \"Frankie Doodle\" (1934-1938). In 1995, \"Little Orphan Annie\" was one of 20 American comic strips included in the Comic Strip Classics series of commemorative U.S. postage stamps. \"Little Orphan Annie\" lent itself easily to parody, which was taken up by both Walt Kelly in \"Pogo\" (as \"Little Arf 'n Nonnie\" and later \"Lulu Arfin' Nanny\") and by Al Capp in","psg_id":"1393889"},{"title":"Harold Gray","text":"Harold Gray Harold Lincoln Gray (January 20, 1894 – May 9, 1968) was an American cartoonist, best known as the creator of the newspaper comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\". He is considered to be the first American cartoonist to use a comic strip to express a political philosophy. Harold Gray was born in Kankakee, Illinois on January 20, 1894, to Estella Mary () and Ira Lincoln Gray, a farmer. Both parents died before he finished high school in 1912 in West Lafayette, Indiana, where the family had moved. In 1913, he got his first newspaper job at a Lafayette daily.","psg_id":"4246376"},{"title":"Harold Gray","text":"correspondence, manuscripts and photographs. The collection contains a scrapbook, a short story by Gray titled \"Annie\", letters, postcards and telegrams from 1937 to 1967, including correspondence with \"Collier's\", Purdue University, Al Capp and Mort Walker. Gray's appointment books with comic strip dialogue and plots are dated 1929, 1931, 1933–1935, 1937, 1944, 1946, 1949, 1950–59 and 1961. Photographs show Gray drawing and Gray as a U.S. Army officer Harold Gray Harold Lincoln Gray (January 20, 1894 – May 9, 1968) was an American cartoonist, best known as the creator of the newspaper comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\". He is considered to","psg_id":"4246385"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie (radio)","text":"Little Orphan Annie (radio) Little Orphan Annie was an American radio drama series based on the popularity of the comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\". It debuted on Chicago's WGN in 1930, then moved to the NBC radio network Blue Network on April 6, 1931. It aired until April 26, 1942. Together with \"Skippy\" (1932–1935) it is seen as the oldest US children's radio program. Radio historian Jim Harmon attributes the show's popularity in \"The Great Radio Heroes\" to the fact that it was the only radio show to deal with and appeal to young children. \"Little Orphan Annie\" was based","psg_id":"19110901"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie (radio)","text":"in a reenactment of \"Little Orphan Annie\" on Chuck Schaden's \"Those Were the Days\" radio show. Little Orphan Annie (radio) Little Orphan Annie was an American radio drama series based on the popularity of the comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\". It debuted on Chicago's WGN in 1930, then moved to the NBC radio network Blue Network on April 6, 1931. It aired until April 26, 1942. Together with \"Skippy\" (1932–1935) it is seen as the oldest US children's radio program. Radio historian Jim Harmon attributes the show's popularity in \"The Great Radio Heroes\" to the fact that it was the","psg_id":"19110908"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"but \"Little Orphan Annie\" was finally accepted and debuted in a test run on August 5, 1924, in the New York \"Daily News\", a \"Tribune\" owned tabloid. Reader response was positive, and \"Annie\" began appearing as a Sunday strip in the \"Tribune\" on November 2 and as a daily strip on November 10. It was soon offered for syndication and picked up by the \"Toronto Star\" and \"The Atlanta Constitution\". Gray reported in 1952 that Annie's origin lay in a chance meeting he had with a ragamuffin while wandering the streets of Chicago looking for cartooning ideas. \"I talked to","psg_id":"1393853"},{"title":"Little Joe (comic strip)","text":"in 1936, Bob Leffingwell (also a Gray assistant) stepped in, continuing the strip until its conclusion in 1972. The resemblance to \"Little Orphan Annie\" began to fade away during the 1950s. Bob Leffingwell continued to work on \"Little Orphan Annie\" as well as \"Little Joe\", which was reprinted in Dell Comics' \"Popular Comics\", \"Super Comics\" and Dell's \"Four Color Comics\" series (1942). A CD-ROM reprinting early \"Little Joe\" strips was released in 2002. Comics historian Don Markstein described the storyline: Eventually, \"Ze Gen'ral\" became a topper strip above \"Little Joe\". Little Joe (comic strip) Little Joe was a Western comic","psg_id":"14406958"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"Gray's death in 1968, several artists drew the strip and, for a time, \"classic\" strips were reruns. \"Little Orphan Annie\" inspired a radio show in 1930, film adaptations by RKO in 1932 and Paramount in 1938 and a Broadway musical \"Annie\" in 1977 (which was adapted into a film of the same name three times, one in 1982, one in 1999 and another in 2014). The strip's popularity declined over the years; it was running in only 20 newspapers when it was cancelled on June 13, 2010. The characters now appear occasionally as supporting ones in \"Dick Tracy\". \"Little Orphan","psg_id":"1393842"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"described \"Annie\" as \"Hooverism in the Funnies\", arguing that Gray's strip was defending utility company bosses then being investigated by the government. The \"Herald Dispatch\" of Huntington, West Virginia stopped running \"Little Orphan Annie\", printing a front page editorial rebuking Gray's politics. A subsequent \"New Republic\" editorial praised the paper's move, and \"The Nation\" likewise voiced its support. In the late 1920s, the strip had taken on a more adult and adventurous feel with Annie encountering killers, gangsters, spies, and saboteurs. It was about this time that Gray, whose politics seem to have been broadly conservative and libertarian with a","psg_id":"1393859"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"and Riley's \"homespun philosophy of hard work, respect for elders, and a cheerful outlook on life\". A \"Fortune\" popularity poll in 1937 indicated \"Little Orphan Annie\" ranked number one and ahead of \"Popeye\", \"Dick Tracy\", \"Bringing Up Father\", \"The Gumps\", \"Blondie\", \"Moon Mullins\", \"Joe Palooka\", \"Li'l Abner\" and \"Tillie the Toiler\". Gray was little affected by the stock market crash of 1929. The strip was more popular than ever and brought him a good income, which was only enhanced when the strip became the basis for a radio program in 1930 and two films in 1932 and 1938. Predictably, Gray","psg_id":"1393856"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie (radio)","text":"on Harold Gray's eponymous and equally popular comic strip series \"Little Orphan Annie\". The show debuted on WGN/Chicago in 1930, but only became a national hit when it moved to NBC radio's Blue Network in 1931. It was broadcast in the late afternoon and ran for twelve successful years. In 1931, when the show debuted, radio had yet to establish coast-to-coast networks so two separate casts performed—one in San Francisco starring Floy Margaret Hughes and the other in Chicago starring Shirley Bell as Annie, Stanley Andrews as \"Daddy\", and Allan Baruck (and later Mel Tormé) as Joe Corntassel. When coast","psg_id":"19110902"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"a \"capitalist pig\" who should \"drop acid\". Children's television host Chuck McCann became well known in the New York/New Jersey market for his imitations of newspaper comic characters; McCann put blank white circles over his eyes during his over-the-top impression of Annie. \"Little Orphan Annie\" was also parodied in an episode of the stop-motion television series \"Robot Chicken\" in which Little Orphan Annie fails to grasp the true meaning of a hard knock life when a fellow orphan shows that their lives are relatively decent compared to orphans around the world. Annie reappears in another episode as a vulgar, demanding,","psg_id":"1393891"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"\"Li'l Abner\", where Punjab became Punjbag, an oleaginous slob. Harvey Kurtzman and Wally Wood satirized the strip in \"Mad\" #9 as \"Little Orphan Melvin\", and later Kurtzman produced a long-running series for \"Playboy\", \"Little Annie Fanny\", in which the lead character is a busty, voluptuous waif who continually loses her clothes and falls into strange sexual situations. In \"The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers\", Gilbert Shelton satirized the strip as \"Little Orphan Amphetamine\", who is a 1960s teenager who runs away from home, and after being scarred by a series of sexual experiences, returns only to tell \"Daddy\" that he is","psg_id":"1393890"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"groups. Twenty thousand Junior Commandos were reportedly registered in Boston. Gray was praised far and wide for his war effort brainchild. \"Editor & Publisher\" wrote, Harold Gray, \"Little Orphan Annie\" creator, has done one of the biggest jobs to date for the scrap drive. His 'Junior Commando' project, which he inaugurated some months ago, has caught on all around the country, and tons of scrap have been collected and contributed to the campaign. The kids sell the scrap, and the proceeds are turned into stamps and bonds. Not all was rosy for Gray however. He applied for extra gas coupons,","psg_id":"1393865"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"this little kid and liked her right away,\" Gray said, \"She had common sense, knew how to take care of herself. She had to. Her name was Annie. At the time some 40 strips were using boys as the main characters; only three were using girls. I chose Annie for mine, and made her an orphan, so she'd have no family, no tangling alliances, but freedom to go where she pleased.\" By changing the gender of his lead character, Gray differentiated himself in the field of comics (and likely increased his readership by appealing to female readers). In designing the","psg_id":"1393854"},{"title":"Little Annie Fanny","text":"outlineless look. Kurtzman's suggestions for the feature's name included \"The Perils of Zelda\", \"The Perils of Irma\", and \"Little Mary Mixup\"; he settled on \"Little Annie Fanny\", its title and logo a parody of Harold Gray's \"Little Orphan Annie\". The cartoonist began submitting story ideas for the multi-page comic strip to Hefner for approval. Over the twenty-six years he wrote the character, he was allowed (with \"Playboy\" substantial budget) to travel for research, photography, and sketching. He followed this with a preliminary script for Hefner, who revised it. Kurtzman then worked out the story's composition, pacing, and action in thumbnail","psg_id":"5182586"},{"title":"Belinda (comic strip)","text":"Belinda (comic strip) Belinda, aka Belinda Blue-Eyes, was a newspaper comic strip created in 1936 by the cartoonist Steve Dowling (1904-1986) and scripted by Bill Connor. It was published in the UK newspaper \"Daily Mirror\". In \"The Penguin Book of Comics\", George Perry and Alan Aldridge wrote, \"Belinda Blue Eyes was a perpetual waif, a British counterpart to the transatlantic \"Little Orphan Annie\". Over the years she grew slowly. By 1959 when the strip ended, she had just about reached the stage when she needed a bra.\" In 1943, Tony Royle took over as the artist. During World War II,","psg_id":"10790030"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"had a habit of beating up other kids. A less well-known (or rather, notorious) example was the 'Daddy Fleshbucks' side-story from \"American Flagg!\". The title was parodied in \"The Simpsons\"' episode \"Little Orphan Millie\". In the early 1970s, a flavored ice treat for children called Otter Pops (with cartoon otters as flavored mascots such as \"Alexander the Grape\") featured a character dubbed \"Little Orphan Orange.\" In the 1983 film \"A Christmas Story\", the main character Ralph is a fan of the \"Little Orphan Annie\" radio drama, listening to the show religiously while waiting for his Ovaltine decoder pin. Once he","psg_id":"1393893"},{"title":"Annie (1982 film)","text":"Annie (1982 film) Annie is a 1982 American musical comedy-drama film based on the Broadway musical of the same name by Charles Strouse, Martin Charnin and Thomas Meehan which in turn is based on the \"Little Orphan Annie\" comic strip by Harold Gray. Directed by John Huston and written by Carol Sobieski, the film stars Albert Finney, Carol Burnett, Ann Reinking, Tim Curry, Bernadette Peters, Geoffrey Holder, Edward Herrmann and Aileen Quinn as the title character. Set during the Great Depression in 1933, the film tells the story of Annie, an orphan from New York City who is taken in","psg_id":"10766773"},{"title":"Annie (1999 film)","text":"Annie (1999 film) Annie is a 1999 American made-for-television musical-comedy-drama film from \"The Wonderful World of Disney\", adapted from the 1977 Broadway musical of the same name by Charles Strouse, Martin Charnin, and Thomas Meehan, which in turn is based on the 1924 \"Little Orphan Annie\" comic strip by Harold Gray. The musical was previously adapted into a 1982 theatrical film. It was directed by Rob Marshall, written by Irene Mecchi, and produced by Walt Disney Television, Columbia TriStar Television, Storyline Entertainment, and Chris Montan Productions. \"Annie\" marks the first film collaboration between The Walt Disney Company and Columbia Pictures","psg_id":"10931513"},{"title":"Harold Gray","text":"people. Gray sometimes ghosted \"Little Joe\" (1933–72), the strip by his assistant (and cousin) Ed Leffingwell which was continued by Ed's brother Robert. \"Maw Green\", a spin-off of \"Annie\" was published as a topper to \"Little Orphan Annie\". It mixed vaudeville timing with the same deeply conservative attitudes as \"Annie\". Films, radio and merchandising made Gray a multi-millionaire. He died of cancer at the Scripps Memorial Hospital in La Jolla on May 9, 1968, at the age of 74. Harold Gray's work is in the Special Collections Department at the Boston University Library. The Gray collection includes artwork, printed material,","psg_id":"4246384"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"put him to sleep. Her short tousled girlish hair-cut, along with the strict tailor-suit she dons, enhances her air of hidden perversion and makes it easy for her (with the help of a big glass of chardonnay mixed with two roofies) to put the professor on his knees. The wig is afterward missing from the school props box, and was much sought, before being retrieved in Elizabeth's drawer. Starting in 2014, gingerlock comedian Michelle Wolf appeared on numerous segments on \"Late Night\" as her fictional persona, \"Grown-Up Annie\", an adult version of Little Orphan Annie. In medicine, \"Orphan Annie eye\"","psg_id":"1393895"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"strip, Gray was influenced by his midwestern farm boyhood, Victorian poetry and novels such as Charles Dickens's \"Great Expectations\", Sidney Smith's wildly popular comic strip \"The Gumps\", and the histrionics of the silent films and melodramas of the period. Initially, there was no continuity between the dailies and the Sunday strips, but by the early 1930s the two had become one. The strip (whose title was borrowed from James Whitcomb Riley's 1885 poem \"Little Orphant Annie\") was \"conservative and topical\", according to the editors of \"The Great Depression in America: A Cultural Encyclopedia\", and \"represents the personal vision\" of Gray","psg_id":"1393855"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie (radio)","text":"a membership badge or pin that included a cipher disk - enciphering the letters A-Z to numbers 1-26. Announcer Pierre Andre often talked about the virtues of the shows' products, sometimes stretching towards three minutes in length. The theme song was sung by announcer Pierre Andre, as \"Uncle Andy\". Leonard Salvo was the show's organist. \"Who's that little chatter box?\" \"The one with pretty auburn locks?\" \"Whom do you see?\" \"It's Little Orphan Annie.\" \"She and Sandy make a pair,\" \"They never seem to have a care!\" \"Cute little she,\" \"It's Little Orphan Annie.\" \"Bright eyes cheeks a healthy glow,\"","psg_id":"19110905"},{"title":"Comic strip","text":"a one-time publicity stunt, for one artist to take over a feature from its originator is an old tradition in newspaper cartooning (as it is in the comic book industry). In fact, the practice has made possible the longevity of the genre's more popular strips. Examples include \"Little Orphan Annie\" (drawn and plotted by Harold Gray from 1924 to 1944 and thereafter by a succession of artists including Leonard Starr and Andrew Pepoy), and \"Terry and The Pirates\", started by Milton Caniff in 1934 and picked up by George Wunder. A business-driven variation has sometimes led to the same feature","psg_id":"70124"},{"title":"Little Annie Rooney","text":"Story\". Harvey Kurtzman had both Annies in mind when he created his satirical \"Little Annie Fanny\" for \"Playboy\", though the ribald parody owed far more to the original Harold Gray strip. James Joyce referred to \"Little Annie Rooney\" early in the first chapter of \"Finnegans Wake\": \"Arrah, sure, we all love little Anny Ruiny, or, we mean to say, lovelittle Anna Rayiny, when unda her brella, mid piddle med puddle, she ninnygoes nannygoes nancing by.\" Prior to the creation of the identically titled comic strip, Mary Pickford starred as a girl of the slums in William Beaudine's 1925 silent comedy-drama","psg_id":"5483580"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"of the story, Tracy receives a letter from Annie and determines her location. Meanwhile, the name of the kidnapper is revealed as Henrik Wilemse, and he has been tracked to the city where he is found and made to disappear. Tracy and Warbucks rescued Annie, and the storyline wrapped up on October 12. Annie again visited 'Dick Tracy', visiting his granddaughter Honeymoon Tracy, starting June 6, 2015. This arc concluded Sept. 26 2015 with Dick Tracy sending the girls home from a crime scene to keep them out of the news. \"Little Orphan Annie\" was adapted to a 15-minute radio","psg_id":"1393879"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"show that debuted on WGN Chicago in 1930 and went national on NBC's Blue Network beginning April 6, 1931. The show was one of the first comic strips adapted to radio, attracted about 6 million fans, and left the air in 1942. Radio historian Jim Harmon attributes the show's popularity in \"The Great Radio Heroes\" to the fact that it was the only radio show to deal with and appeal to young children. Two film adaptations were released at the height of Annie's popularity in the 1930s. \"Little Orphan Annie\", the first adaptation, was produced by David O. Selznick for","psg_id":"1393880"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"receives the pin, he anxiously copies the show's secret code, but is frustrated upon decoding it to Ovaltine's slogan, \"Be sure to drink your Ovaltine.\" This makes him grumble, \"A crummy commercial!\" Rapper Jay-Z has referenced \"Little Orphan Annie\" in at least two of his songs, as well as sampled \"It's the Hard Knock Life\" for \"Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)\". In the film Bad Teacher, Elizabeth (Cameron Diaz) wears a \"Little Orphan Annie's wig\" when, pretending she is a journalist, she meets the state professor who is in charge of creating and distributing the exams forms, to seduce and","psg_id":"1393894"},{"title":"Annie (musical)","text":"Annie (musical) Annie is a Broadway musical based upon the popular Harold Gray comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\", with music by Charles Strouse, lyrics by Martin Charnin, and book by Thomas Meehan. The original Broadway production opened in 1977 and ran for nearly six years, setting a record for the Alvin Theatre (now the Neil Simon Theatre). It spawned numerous productions in many countries, as well as national tours, and won the Tony Award for Best Musical. The musical's songs \"Tomorrow\" and \"It's the Hard Knock Life\" are among its most popular musical numbers. In 1933, eleven-year-old Annie is in","psg_id":"2266684"},{"title":"Annie (musical)","text":"of the song are sung in the Disney theme park attraction \"It's Tough to be a Bug!\" and in the Rooms To Go next-day delivery ad campaign. The long-running Broadway parody production of \"Forbidden Broadway\" took up \"Tomorrow\" as sung by an adult Annie (\"I'm thirty years old . . . tomorrow\") pleading for a sequel to the original musical. The climax of the animated film \"Igor\" involved a giant robot portraying Annie. Other prominent media references include the following: Annie (musical) Annie is a Broadway musical based upon the popular Harold Gray comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\", with music","psg_id":"2266740"},{"title":"Annie (1982 film)","text":"was planning to produce \"Annie\", a remake of The 1982 film. On May 25, 2012 it was announced that Jay-Z was writing new songs for the film. In January 2013, Sony Pictures selected Will Gluck to direct the film. Oscar nominee, Quvenzhané Wallis was cast as the title character. The film was released on December 19, 2014. Annie (1982 film) Annie is a 1982 American musical comedy-drama film based on the Broadway musical of the same name by Charles Strouse, Martin Charnin and Thomas Meehan which in turn is based on the \"Little Orphan Annie\" comic strip by Harold Gray.","psg_id":"10766796"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"and spoiled teenager featured in a parodic documentary chronicling her preparations for her ostentatious upcoming sixteenth birthday celebration in a sketch lampooning reality programs based on the same concept. She quickly tires of her gift from Daddy Warbucks— the planet Mars— and soon winds up suffocating to death after losing her helmet while exploring the planet. The 1980s children's television program \"You Can't Do That on Television\" in its later banned \"Adoption\" episode, parodied the character as \"Little Orphan Andrea\". Andrea, like Annie, sported curly red hair and a red dress but unlike her, was a very naughty orphan who","psg_id":"1393892"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"returning Daddy Warbucks. Annie and Daddy would then be reunited, at which point, after several weeks, the formula would play out again. In the series, each strip represented a single day in the life of the characters. This device was dropped by the end of the '20s. By the 1930s, during the Great Depression, the formula was tweaked: Daddy Warbucks lost his fortune due to a corrupt rival and ultimately died from despair at the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Annie remained an orphan, and for several years had adventures that involved more internationally based enemies. The contemporary events taking","psg_id":"1393847"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"the Movies\", \"Sign\", and \"We Got Annie\", while cutting \"We'd like to Thank You, Herbert Hoover\", \"N.Y.C\", \"You Won't Be an Orphan for Long\", \"Something Was Missing\", \"Annie\", and \"New Deal for Christmas\". It received mixed critical reviews and, while becoming the 10th highest-grossing film of 1982, barely recouped its $50 million budget. A direct-to-video film, \"\" was released in 1996 as a sequel to the 1982 film. It features Ashley Johnson as Annie and focuses on the adventures of Annie and her friends Hannah and Molly. It is set in England in 1943, about 10 years after the first","psg_id":"1393886"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"who portrayed Miss Hannigan are Dorothy Loudon, Alice Ghostley, Betty Hutton, Ruth Kobart, Marcia Lewis, June Havoc, Nell Carter and Sally Struthers. Songs from the musical include \"Tomorrow\" and \"It's the Hard Knock Life\". There is also a children's version of \"Annie\" called \"Annie Junior\". Two sequels to the musical, \"Annie 2: Miss Hannigan's Revenge\" (1989) and \"Annie Warbucks\" (1992-93), were written by the same creative team; neither show opened on Broadway. There were also many \"bus & truck\" tours of Little Orphan Annie throughout the United States during the success of the Broadway Shows. In addition to the two","psg_id":"1393884"},{"title":"Little Annie Rooney","text":"California: Comics Access, 1995. Little Annie Rooney Little Annie Rooney is a comic strip about a young orphaned girl who traveled about with her dog, Zero. King Features Syndicate launched the strip on January 10, 1927, not long after it was apparent that the Chicago Tribune Syndicate had scored a huge hit with \"Little Orphan Annie\". The name comes from the 1889 popular song of the same name, still familiar to many at the time. Although the King Features strip was an obvious knock-off with several similar parallels, the approach was quite different, and \"Little Annie Rooney\" had a successful","psg_id":"5483583"},{"title":"Little Annie Rooney","text":"Little Annie Rooney Little Annie Rooney is a comic strip about a young orphaned girl who traveled about with her dog, Zero. King Features Syndicate launched the strip on January 10, 1927, not long after it was apparent that the Chicago Tribune Syndicate had scored a huge hit with \"Little Orphan Annie\". The name comes from the 1889 popular song of the same name, still familiar to many at the time. Although the King Features strip was an obvious knock-off with several similar parallels, the approach was quite different, and \"Little Annie Rooney\" had a successful run from January 10,","psg_id":"5483577"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"final cartoonist, Ted Slampyak, said, \"It's kind of painful. It's almost like mourning the loss of a friend.\" The last strip was the culmination of a story arc where Annie was kidnapped from her hotel by a wanted war criminal from eastern Europe who checked in under a phony name with a fake passport. Although Warbucks enlists the help of the FBI and Interpol to find her, by the end of the final strip he has begun to resign himself to the very strong possibility that Annie most likely will not be found alive. Unfortunately Warbucks is unaware that Annie","psg_id":"1393876"},{"title":"The Little Orphan","text":"The Little Orphan The Little Orphan is a 1949 American one-reel animated cartoon and is the 40th released \"Tom and Jerry\" cartoon, released in theatres on April 30, 1949 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer. It was produced by Fred Quimby and directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, with music by Scott Bradley. The cartoon was animated by Irven Spence, Kenneth Muse, Ed Barge and Ray Patterson. \"The Little Orphan\" won the 1948 Academy Award for Best Short Subject: Cartoons, this being the fifth Oscar (of seven) given to the cat and mouse team. Though the cartoon was released in 1949, it","psg_id":"7527594"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie (radio)","text":"\"There's a store of healthiness handy.\" \"Mite-size, always on the go,\" \"If you want to know - \"Arf\", goes Sandy.\" \"Always wears a sunny smile,\" \"Now, wouldn't it be worth a while,\" \"If you could be,\" \"Like Little Orphan Annie?\" Jean Shepherd used the show as the basis for his short story \"The Counterfeit Secret Circle Member Gets the Message, or The Asp Strikes Again.\" In the story, first-person narrator Ralphie Parker is an avid listener of the program and eagerly awaits the arrival of his decoder ring to find out the secret messages in each episode. When the ring","psg_id":"19110906"},{"title":"The Little Orphan","text":"and Jerry can pick up their cutlery. Nibbles, now finally full, pats his stomach in delight. DVD Blu-ray The Little Orphan The Little Orphan is a 1949 American one-reel animated cartoon and is the 40th released \"Tom and Jerry\" cartoon, released in theatres on April 30, 1949 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer. It was produced by Fred Quimby and directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, with music by Scott Bradley. The cartoon was animated by Irven Spence, Kenneth Muse, Ed Barge and Ray Patterson. \"The Little Orphan\" won the 1948 Academy Award for Best Short Subject: Cartoons, this being the fifth","psg_id":"7527598"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"very large block of readers.\" African American readers wrote letters to Gray thanking him for the incorporation of a black child in the strip. In the summer of 1944 Franklin Delano Roosevelt was nominated for a fourth term as President of the United States, and Gray (who had little love for Roosevelt) killed off Warbucks in a month-long sequence of sentimental pathos. Readers were generally unhappy with Gray's decision, but some liberals advocated the same fate for Annie and her \"stale philosophy\". By the following November however, Annie was working as a maid in a Mrs. Bleating-Hart's home and suffering","psg_id":"1393868"},{"title":"Little Orphan","text":"pavilion on the top of the hill. Its name suggests that it stands alone in the river. \"Little\" makes it different from \"Great Orphan\" in Poyang Lake. It is classified as an AAA-rated tourist attraction by China National Tourism Administration, attracting tens of thousands tourists and pilgrims every year. Little Orphan has been a frequent subject in the Chinese classic literature, and one travels depicting Little Orphan written by Lu You is selected for the textbook of high school. It appears on the 2016 Chinese film \"Crosscurrent\". Little Orphan Little Orphan is a rock hill in middle of Yangtze River,","psg_id":"20545941"},{"title":"Little Orphan Airedale","text":"Little Orphan Airedale Little Orphan Airedale is a Warner Bros. \"Looney Tunes\" cartoon directed by Charles M. Jones and released on October 4, 1947. It was later reissued as a Blue Ribbon Merrie Melodies short. Its major significance is its status as the debut of Jones's character Charlie Dog. The title is a play on \"Little Orphan Annie\". The cartoon's story (which is essentially a re-working of Bob Clampett's 1941 short \"Porky's Pooch\") is about a dog named Rags McMutt, who has just escaped from the dog pound and accidentally meets Charlie, an old friend of his, in a car","psg_id":"10488503"},{"title":"Little Orphant Annie","text":"Little Orphant Annie \"Little Orphant Annie\" is an 1885 poem written by James Whitcomb Riley and published by the Bowen-Merrill Company. First titled \"The Elf Child\", the name was changed by Riley to \"Little Orphant Allie\" at its third printing; however, a typecasting error during printing renamed the poem to its current form. Known as the \"Hoosier poet\", Riley wrote the rhymes in nineteenth-century Hoosier dialect. As one of his most well known poems, it served as the inspiration for the character Little Orphan Annie upon whom was based a comic strip, plays, radio programs, television shows, and movies. The","psg_id":"11081872"},{"title":"Orphan of the Stars","text":"Orphan of the Stars L'Orphelin des Astres (Orphan of the Stars) is volume seventeen in the French comic book (or \"bande dessinée\") science fiction series \"Valérian and Laureline\" created by writer Pierre Christin and artist Jean-Claude Mézières. The Asteroids of Shimballil, time unknown. The asteroids are clustered close to a sun that provides warmth and are close enough together to trap a breathable atmosphere enabling inhabitants to travel between the asteroids without extensive life support equipment. We see many parts of the Asteroids in this album including: \"The Asteroids of Shimballil\" was originally the title of a proposed animated Valérian","psg_id":"6755224"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"place in Europe were reflected in the strips during the 1940s and World War II. Daddy Warbucks was reunited with Annie, as his death was changed to coma, from which he woke in 1945. By this time, the series enlarged its world with the addition of characters such as Asp and Punjab, bodyguards and servants to Annie and Daddy Warbucks. In world-trotting adventures, the characters traveled around the world, with Annie having adventures on her own or with her adopted family. Annie is a 10-year-old orphan. Her distinguishing physical characteristics are a mop of red, curly hair, a red dress","psg_id":"1393848"},{"title":"Comic strip","text":"\"Dilbert\", include an email address in each strip. Most comic strip characters do not age throughout the strip's life, but in some strips, like Lynn Johnston's award-winning \"For Better or For Worse\", the characters age as the years pass. The first strip to feature aging characters was \"Gasoline Alley\". The history of comic strips also includes series that are not humorous, but tell an ongoing dramatic story. Examples include \"The Phantom\", \"Prince Valiant\", \"Dick Tracy\", \"Mary Worth\", \"Modesty Blaise\", \"Little Orphan Annie\", \"Flash Gordon\", and \"Tarzan\". Sometimes these are spin-offs from comic books, for example \"Superman\", \"Batman\", and \"The Amazing","psg_id":"70115"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"mysterious Mister Am, a friend of Warbucks' who wears a Santa Claus–like beard and has a jovial personality. He claims to have lived for millions of years and even having supernatural powers. Some strips hinted that he might even be God. After World War I, cartoonist Harold Gray joined the \"Chicago Tribune\" which, at that time, was being reworked by owner Joseph Medill Patterson into an important national journal. As part of his plan, Patterson wanted to publish comic strips that would lend themselves to nationwide syndication and to film and radio adaptations. Gray's strips were consistently rejected by Patterson,","psg_id":"1393852"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"of spunk. Early in 1974, David Lettick took the strip, but his Annie was drawn in an entirely different and more \"cartoonish\" style, leading to reader complaints, and he left after only three months. In April 1974, the decision was made to reprint Gray's classic strips, beginning in 1936. Subscriptions increased. Following the success of the Broadway musical \"Annie\", the strip was resurrected in 1979 as \"Annie\", written and drawn by Leonard Starr. Starr, the creator of \"Mary Perkins, On Stage\", was the only one besides Gray to achieve notable success with the strip. Upon Starr's retirement in 2000, he","psg_id":"1393873"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie (radio)","text":"usually related to the following episode. In 1940, Quaker Puffed Wheat Sparkies became the show's sponsor and brought fictional aviator Captain Sparks to the show. Sparks eventually became the star, relegating Annie to secondary player. The product placement and exploitation of premiums to retain and attract new listeners was notable. Among those items were secret decoders, shake-up mugs for drinking Ovaltine (the show's sponsor product) and secret decoder rings for the Little Orphan Annie secret society. The 1934 fan club's member's handbook included a simple substitution cipher with a resulting numeric cipher text. This was followed the next year with","psg_id":"19110904"},{"title":"Harold Gray","text":"California. By the 1930s, \"Little Orphan Annie\" had evolved from a crudely drawn melodrama to a crisply rendered atmospheric story with novelistic plot threads. The dialogue consisted mainly of meditations on Gray's own deeply conservative political philosophy. Gray made no secret of his dislike for the New Deal ways of President Franklin Roosevelt and would often decry unions and other things he saw as impediments to the hard-working American way of life. Critic Jeet Heer, who did his thesis on Gray and wrote introductions to IDW's \"Little Orphan Annie\" collections, commented: Gray wasn't really a conservative in the 1920s: he","psg_id":"4246379"},{"title":"Comic strip formats","text":"prefer the tabloid or \"tab\" size Sunday strip for such strips as \"Little Orphan Annie\", \"Dick Tracy\" and \"Terry and the Pirates\". Half tab is a comic strip format that fills half of a page in a tabloid newspaper Sunday comics section. Usually, though not always, it is the same as the half-page format, only smaller. As modern newspapers cram more and more strips onto one Sunday page, even full-sized newspapers often use the half-tab (and even the third-tab) format. More and more tabloid newspapers put three or more reduced thirds on a single tabloid page. Comic strip formats Comic","psg_id":"9159227"},{"title":"Orphan","text":"A. F. Coniglio, Roald Dahl and J. K. Rowling, as well as some less well-known authors of famous orphans like Little Orphan Annie have used orphans as major characters. One recurring storyline has been the relationship that the orphan can have with an adult from outside their immediate family as seen in Lyle Kessler's play \"Orphans\". Orphans are especially common as characters in comic books. Almost all the most popular heroes are orphans: Superman, Batman, Spider-Man, Robin, The Flash, Captain Marvel, Captain America, and Green Arrow were all orphaned. Orphans are also very common among villains: Bane, Catwoman, and Magneto","psg_id":"12236273"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"run over by a car. Gray responded to the criticism by giving Annie a year-long bout with amnesia that allowed her to trip through several adventures without Daddy. In 1956, a sequence about juvenile delinquency, drug addiction, switchblades, prostitutes, crooked cops, and the ties between teens and adult gangsters unleashed a firestorm of criticism from unions, the clergy and intellectuals with 30 newspapers cancelling the strip. The syndicate ordered Gray to drop the sequence and develop another adventure. Gray died in May 1968 of cancer, and the strip was continued under other cartoonists. Gray's cousin and assistant Robert Leffingwell was","psg_id":"1393871"},{"title":"Comic strip","text":"papers\", shortened to \"the funnies\"), such as \"Thimble Theatre\" and \"Little Orphan Annie\", filled an entire newspaper page, a format known to collectors as full page. Sunday pages during the 1930s and into the 1940s often carried a secondary strip by the same artist as the main strip. No matter whether it appeared above or below a main strip, the extra strip was known as the topper, such as \"The Squirrel Cage\" which ran along with \"Room and Board\", both drawn by Gene Ahern. During the 1930s, the original art for a Sunday strip was usually drawn quite large. For","psg_id":"70109"},{"title":"Annie Warbucks","text":"the first-act torch song to a blaze. . Ms. McKechnie is in great form. ...\"Annie Warbucks\" provides enough of the familiar fun to qualify as more than a postscript. The predisposed shouldn't be disappointed, while the wary may well be won over.\" Annie Warbucks Annie Warbucks is a musical with a book by Thomas Meehan, music by Charles Strouse, and lyrics by Martin Charnin. A sequel to the 1977 Tony Award-winning hit \"Annie\", based on Harold Gray's \"Little Orphan Annie\" comic strip, it begins immediately after \"Annie\" ends. On Christmas morning in 1933, when Child Welfare Commissioner Harriet Doyle (replacing","psg_id":"9152784"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"their 1938 film adaptation, but this version was panned as well. One reviewer thought it \"stupid and thoroughly boresome\" and was uncomfortable with the \"sugar-coated Pollyanna characterization\" given Annie. Three years after the RKO release, Gray wrote a sequence for the strip that sent Annie to Hollywood. She is hired at low wages to play the stand-in and stunt double for the bratty child star Tootsie McSnoots. Young starlet Janey Spangles tips off Annie to the corrupt practices in Hollywood. Annie handles the information with maturity and has a good time with Janey while doing her job on the set.","psg_id":"1393882"},{"title":"King Uncle","text":"King Uncle King Uncle is a 1993 Indian Hindi-language comedy-drama film directed by Rakesh Roshan. The film stars Jackie Shroff and Anu Agarwal in the lead roles. Shah Rukh Khan, Nagma, Paresh Rawal, Sushmita Mukherjee, Pooja Ruparel, Deven Verma and Saleem Yousuf Hakroo from Kashmir star in supporting roles. The film was inspired from the 1982 English film \"Annie\" that starred Aileen Marie Quinn and Albert Finney, which in turn is based upon the 1924 comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\" by Harold Gray. Ashok Bansal (Jackie Shroff) is a strict industrialist, inspired by the British 'stiff upper lip'. Ashok starts","psg_id":"7291702"},{"title":"Annie Warbucks","text":"Annie Warbucks Annie Warbucks is a musical with a book by Thomas Meehan, music by Charles Strouse, and lyrics by Martin Charnin. A sequel to the 1977 Tony Award-winning hit \"Annie\", based on Harold Gray's \"Little Orphan Annie\" comic strip, it begins immediately after \"Annie\" ends. On Christmas morning in 1933, when Child Welfare Commissioner Harriet Doyle (replacing the original's Miss Hannigan as the villain of the piece) arrives on the scene to inform Daddy Warbucks he must marry within sixty days or else the child will be returned to the orphanage. Daddy Warbucks' whirlwind search for a fitting bride","psg_id":"9152778"},{"title":"Ed the Happy Clown","text":"pulp science fiction, religious literature and television clichés. Harold Gray's comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\" had an effect on Brown after he discovered some \"Annie\" reprint books in the early 1980s. This was to be a primary influence on later work of Brown's such as \"Louis Riel\". The story began in July 1983 in the second issue of Brown's original \"Yummy Fur\" minicomic, the seven issues of which were reprinted in 1986–87 in the first three issues of the Vortex Comics-published \"Yummy Fur\". \"Ed\" ran in the first eighteen issues of \"Yummy Fur\", along other features, such as Brown's Gospel","psg_id":"7929037"},{"title":"Orphan Black (comic book)","text":"Orphan Black (comic book) Orphan Black is a limited series of comic books based on the television series \"Orphan Black\", which airs on BBC America in the United States and Space in Canada. The series is written by show creators John Fawcett and Graeme Manson, with Jody Houser serving as co-writer; Szymon Kudranski provides the artwork for issues #1 and #2, while Cat Staggs and Alan Quah share art duties for issues #3-#5. The comic books were part of a limited series consisting of five issues, each focusing on the past and present life of a different clone. The second","psg_id":"18624638"},{"title":"The Orphan of Zhao","text":"complete translation of \"The Orphan of Zhao\", which was from the Chinese original into French, including both the dialogue and the songs. The 2010 film \"Sacrifice\" directed by Chen Kaige is based on the historical Chinese play. In 2012 James Fenton adapted The Orphan of Zhao for the Royal Shakespeare Company production, directed by Gregory Doran in the Swan Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon. Fenton wrote four additional songs for the play. The Orphan of Zhao The Orphan of Zhao () is a Chinese play from the Yuan era, attributed to the 13th-century dramatist Ji Junxiang (紀君祥). The play has as its full","psg_id":"9007707"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"in Mrs. Bottle's grocery store at the time and manages to keep the puppy briefly concealed. She finally gives him to Paddy Lynch, a gentle man who owns a \"steak joint\" and can give Sandy a good home. Sandy is a mature dog when he suddenly reappears in a May 1925 strip to rescue Annie from gypsy kidnappers. Annie and Sandy remain together thereafter. Oliver \"Daddy\" Warbucks first appears in a September 1924 strip and reveals a month later he was formerly a small machine shop owner who acquired his enormous wealth producing munitions during World War I. He is","psg_id":"1393850"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"reasoning that he would need them to drive about the countryside collecting plot material for the strip. But an Office of Price Administration clerk named Flack refused to give Gray the coupons, explaining that cartoons were not vital to the war effort. Gray requested a hearing and the original decision was upheld. Gray was furious and vented in the strip, with especial venom directed at Flack, government price controls, and other concerns. Gray had his supporters, but Flack's neighbors defended him in the local newspaper and tongue-lashed Gray. Flack threatened to sue for libel, and some papers cancelled the strip.","psg_id":"1393866"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"all sorts of torments from her mistress. The public begged Gray to have mercy on Annie, and he had her framed for her mistress's murder. She was exonerated. Following Roosevelt's death in April 1945, Gray resurrected Warbucks (who was only playing dead to thwart his enemies) and once again the billionaire began expounding the joys of capitalism. In the post-war years, Annie took on The Bomb, communism, teenage rebellion and a host of other social and political concerns, often provoking the enmity of clergymen, union leaders and others. For example, Gray believed children should be allowed to work. \"A little","psg_id":"1393869"},{"title":"Orphan Black (comic book)","text":"season in order to ground the comics into the already-established universe. The miniseries presents the audience with the opportunity to better understand the emotions, thoughts, and feelings that underlie the characters of the television series. Orphan Black (comic book) Orphan Black is a limited series of comic books based on the television series \"Orphan Black\", which airs on BBC America in the United States and Space in Canada. The series is written by show creators John Fawcett and Graeme Manson, with Jody Houser serving as co-writer; Szymon Kudranski provides the artwork for issues #1 and #2, while Cat Staggs and","psg_id":"18624666"},{"title":"Li'l Abner","text":"on both salami and Salome. Parody characters include Hop-Eye De Sailor, a parody of Popeye the Sailor, Little Orphan Andy (Little Orphan Annie); Bagwood Bumphead (Dagwood Bumstead), Rip Derby (Rip Kirby), Manrank the Musician (Mandrake the Magician), Little Danny Rooney (Little Annie Rooney), Icky (Twiggy), and Goon Mullins (Moon Mullins). \"Li'l Abner\" also featured a comic strip-within-the-strip: \"Fearless Fosdick\" was a parody of Chester Gould's plainclothes detective, \"Dick Tracy\". It first appeared in 1942, and proved so popular that it ran intermittently in \"Li'l Abner\" over the next 35 years. Gould was also personally parodied in the series as cartoonist","psg_id":"1876807"},{"title":"The Orphan of Zhao","text":"troubled by his sense of compassion, he allows Cheng Ying and the infant to escape. Thereafter he commits suicide by taking his sword to his throat, realizing that he will be tortured for what happened to the orphan. After these events, Tu'an Gu threatens to kill every infant in Jin if the Zhao orphan is not produced. Cheng Ying, who was fearful, consults the retired Minister Gongsun Chujiu. To prevent this massacre, Cheng Ying decides to sacrifice his own child in desperation so that the safety of the Zhao orphan and every infant in the state was ensured. Gongsun Chujiu","psg_id":"9007695"},{"title":"The Orphan of Zhao","text":"The Orphan of Zhao The Orphan of Zhao () is a Chinese play from the Yuan era, attributed to the 13th-century dramatist Ji Junxiang (紀君祥). The play has as its full name The Great Revenge of the Orphan of Zhao (趙氏孤兒大報仇). The play is classified in the \"zaju\" genre of dramas. It revolves around the central theme of revenge. The play is divided in six parts, comprising five acts (折 \"zhe\") and a wedge (楔子 \"xiezi\"), which may be an interlude or—as it is in this case—a prologue. It contains both dialogue and songs. The story of \"The Orphan of","psg_id":"9007689"},{"title":"Comic strip formats","text":"above or occasionally below the main strip, usually by the same artist. The topper on \"Thimble Theater\" was \"Sappo\", the topper on \"Little Orphan Annie\" was \"Maw Green\" and ran at the bottom of the full page. \"Dick Tracy\" never had a topper while it was still a full page, but much later it had a topper, \"Sawdust\", which ran at the bottom of the tabloid page. In the 1940s, comic strips were reduced in size because newspapers wanted to cram in more comics per page. Paper rationing during World War II also contributed to this, but was not the","psg_id":"9159216"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"decades. Maeder's writing style tended to make the stories feel like tongue-in-cheek adventures compared to the serious, heartfelt tales Gray and Starr favored. \"Annie\" gradually lost subscribers during the 2000s, and by 2010, it was running in fewer than 20 U.S. newspapers. On May 13, 2010, Tribune Media Services announced that the strip's final installment would appear on Sunday June 13, 2010, ending after 86 years. At the time of the cancellation announcement, it was running in fewer than 20 newspapers, some of which, such as the New York \"Daily News\", had carried the strip for its entire life. The","psg_id":"1393875"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"work never hurt any kid,\" Gray affirmed, \"One of the reasons we have so much juvenile delinquency is that kids are forced by law to loaf around on street corners and get into trouble.\" His belief brought upon him the wrath of the labor movement, which staunchly supported the child labor laws. A London newspaper columnist thought some of Gray's sequences a threat to world peace, but a Detroit newspaper supported Gray on his \"shoot first, ask questions later\" foreign policy. Gray was criticized for the gruesome violence in the strips, particularly a sequence in which Annie and Sandy were","psg_id":"1393870"},{"title":"The Orphan of Zhao","text":"stories\". Although the story of the orphan is retained in Voltaire's play, he is placed in the setting of invading Tartars. The orphan, who was the royal heir, is entrusted to the official Zamti by the Chinese monarch. Voltaire introduces the theme of love (which is absent in the original play), where Genghis Khan has a secret passion for Idamé, the wife of Zamti, but he is rejected by her as she stands firm to the lawful conduct of her nation. Voltaire had altered the story to fit his idea of European enlightenment and Chinese civilization, whereas the original play","psg_id":"9007704"},{"title":"Annie (musical)","text":"that \"Annie\" is produced 700 to 900 times each year in the United States. Charnin first approached Meehan to write the book of a musical about \"Little Orphan Annie\" in 1972. Meehan researched by re-reading prints of the comic strip, but was unable to find any satisfactory material for a musical other than the characters of Annie, Oliver Warbucks and Sandy, so decided to write his own story. As all three of Meehan, Charnin and Strouse were from New York and given what he saw as the downbeat mood of the then-current Nixon era and the Vietnam War, Meehan set","psg_id":"2266696"},{"title":"Frankie Doodle","text":"the Wild West. The strip ran in 87 newspapers. The strip was influenced by \"Little Orphan Annie\" - Frankie even has curly red hair. Ben Batsford had previously worked on \"Little Annie Rooney\", which was also influenced by Little Orphan Annie. Frankie Doodle Frankie Doodle, originally called \"The Doodle Family\", is an American comic strip that ran from 1934 to 1938. It was created by Ben Batsford. Frankie was the main character even when he lived with his family. However, they were all written out by 1935. Frankie is pursued throughout the strips by Mr. Shady, a disreputable lawyer who","psg_id":"16656760"},{"title":"Topper (comic strip)","text":"only a single panel, an example being those that accompanied \"Joe Palooka\" in the mid-1940s. Holtz notes: And further: Some strips continued to supply toppers into the 1960s, and in a few cases even the 1970s. \"Maw Green\" in \"Little Orphan Annie\" was the last Sunday strip topper, except for the brief use of the topper parodies \"Sawdust\" and \"The Invisible Tribe\" in \"Dick Tracy\". Many newspapers in the late 1980s ran Jim Davis' \"U.S. Acres\" alongside Davis' own \"Garfield\" (also the most popular comic at the time). However, both were stand-alone strips and sold separately (also, unlike most toppers,","psg_id":"5344833"},{"title":"Orphan-Maker","text":"Orphan-Maker Orphan-Maker (Peter) is a fictional mutant character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. His first appearance was in \"X-Factor\" vol. 1 #31. Orphan-Maker's first appearance was in \"X-Factor\" #31 (August 1988), and he was created by Louise Simonson and Walt Simonson. The character subsequently appears in \"X-Factor\" #35 (December 1988), #40 (May 1989), \"The Uncanny X-Men\" #247-248 (August-September 1989), #265-267 (August-September 1990), \"Generation X\" #2-4 (December 1994-February 1995), \"Generation X Holiday Special\" #1 (February 1998), \"Slingers\" #9 (August 1999), and \"Wolverine: Killing Made Simple\" #1 (October 2008). Orphan-Maker received an entry in the \"Official Handbook of","psg_id":"8074056"},{"title":"Little Orphan Millie","text":"where a very much alive Kirk and Luann plan escaping with a nature-made hang-glider. After flying, Kirk and Luann's hang-glider cuts the hot air balloon and soon, Milhouse re-unites with his parents. Zack states that he has already called for help and then gets into a fight with Kirk over their heritage (Danish and Dutch respectively). The episode's name references \"Little Orphan Annie.\" Milhouse's uncle Zack resembles Indiana Jones and when he flies Milhouse home, music similar to \"The Raiders March\" from the Indiana Jones film \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\" is heard. Milhouse's somber ensemble is similar to James","psg_id":"10431207"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"is still alive and has made her way to Guatemala with her captor, known simply as the \"Butcher of the Balkans\". Although Annie wants to be let go, the Butcher tells her that he neither will let her go nor kill her—for fear of being captured and because he will not kill a child despite his many political killings—and adds that she has a new life now with him. The final panel of the strip reads \"And this is where we leave our Annie. For Now—\". Since the cancellation, rerun strips have been running on the GoComics site. In 2013,","psg_id":"1393877"},{"title":"Little Orphan Annie","text":"Deal for Christmas\", and a reprise of \"Tomorrow.\" Generally favorably received, the production earned two Emmy Awards and George Foster Peabody Award. The 2014 film \"Annie\" was produced by Jay-Z and Will Smith. It starred Quvenzhané Wallis in the title role and Jamie Foxx in the role of Will Stacks (an update of Daddy Warbucks). It was released on December 19, 2014. Between 1936 and October 17, 1959, the comic strip \"Belinda Blue-Eyes\" (later shortened to \"Belinda\") ran in the United Kingdom in the \"Daily Mirror\". Writers Bill Connor and Don Freeman and artists Stephen Dowling and Tony Royle all","psg_id":"1393888"},{"title":"The Orphan Muses","text":"Editing and Best Original Music. It won the Jutra for Best Original Music. The Orphan Muses The Orphan Muses () is a Canadian drama film, directed by Robert Favreau and released in 2000. An adaptation of the play by Michel Marc Bouchard, the film stars Marina Orsini, Céline Bonnier, Stéphane Demers and Fanny Mallette as a group of adult siblings dealing with the revelation of a longtime family secret. The Tanguay siblings grew up as orphans, after their father died and their mother (Louise Portal) ran off with her new lover. Although older siblings Catherine (Orsini), Martine (Bonnier) and Luc","psg_id":"20611202"},{"title":"Orphan Black: Sarah","text":"as being \"pretty simple and in many ways unremarkable\" with \"a little too much reliance on computer graphics to fill in details.\" She summarized the entire comic book as \"a little disappointing.\" Orphan Black was the best-selling comic book of February 2015, selling just under half a million units. The issue's February success has been attributed to its inclusion as an exclusive edition in Loot Crate's March box, as well as the wide variety of variant covers that were available for purchase. \"Orphan Black: Sarah\" offers eight different covers illustrated by Cat Staggs and an additional retailer incentive cover illustrated","psg_id":"18627279"},{"title":"Orphan Black: Sarah","text":"and all variants were available for purchase through IDW Publishing online and in comic book stores starting February 25, 2015. Orphan Black: Sarah Orphan Black: Sarah is the first issue of the \"Orphan Black\" limited series based on the television series of the same name. The issue was written by show creators John Fawcett and Graeme Manson, with Jody Houser serving as co-writer; Szymon Kudranski provided the artwork for the issue. Issue #1 features the clone Sarah as she discovers the existence of several of her genetic identicals. This first installment in the comic book miniseries was released on February","psg_id":"18627281"},{"title":"Little Orphan","text":"Little Orphan Little Orphan is a rock hill in middle of Yangtze River, located on Susong, Anqing, Anhui province in East China. It is a landmark that frequently written and photographed by many Western travelers along the Yangtze in the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. It formed during the quaternary glaciation. The mountain is 78 meters above sea level. During the dry season, it would connect with the north bank of the Yangtze and become a peninsula. There is a Buddhist monastery (also a Mazu temple) on the mountainside and a","psg_id":"20545940"},{"title":"Orphan virus","text":"them are associated with severe diseases, the name ECHO still continues to be used. Orphan virus An orphan virus is a virus that is not associated with a disease but may possess pathogenicity. Some orphan viruses include adeno-associated virus (Parvoviridae), human herpesvirus 7 (Herpesviridae), human foamy virus (Retroviridae), Human Reovirus (Reoviridae), hepatitis G (Flaviviridae), and TT virus (Circoviridae). Gilbert Dalldorf, a pathologist who showed that Coxsackie viruses paralyze mice but not humans, indicated that the term ‘orphan’ was created \"in a moment of conviviality\" by a group of virologists. Many enteroviruses are referred to as ECHO, enteric cytopathic human orphan","psg_id":"17645234"},{"title":"Little Annie Fanny","text":"series \"reads today as an amusing look at the evolving mores of the sexual revolution\". Comics editor Monte Beauchamp said that \"Little Annie Fanny\" was \"the most elaborate comic strip ever created\" and cartoonist-critic R. C. Harvey called it \"a masterpiece ... the most lavish color comic strip of all time\". Not all were as impressed. Noting that Kurtzman was financially strapped before making his living for twenty-six years from \"Playboy\", historian Paul Buhle wrote: \"The strip had many brilliant early moments, but went downhill as the writer and artist bent to editor Hugh Hefner's demands for as much titillation","psg_id":"5182597"},{"title":"Orphan works in the United States","text":"office, based on open forums from the public to collect input. In it, the Copyright Office states that new legislation is desperately needed to address the orphan works problem. The report proposed that if a nonprofit organization such as a library used an orphan work and the copyright owner came forward, then the library would be exempt from huge copyright infringement fines as long as it stopped using the orphan work right away. Commercial uses of an orphan work in which the owner came forward would only be charged a \"reasonable compensation\" of the profits, and use of the work","psg_id":"14423827"},{"title":"Comic strip formats","text":"below) to allow them to be cut up and displayed on a varied number of tiers. Full page is a format roughly 20 inches high and 14 inches wide. The \"Reading Eagle\" Sunday comics section is full-page size, though today no individual strips are still printed to take up a full page. When Sunday strips first appeared in newspapers, near the beginning of the 20th century, they were usually in the full-page size. Leading full-page Sundays included \"Thimble Theater\", \"Little Orphan Annie\", \"Dick Tracy\" and \"Bringing Up Father\". Many full-page comic strips had a topper, a small strip that ran","psg_id":"9159215"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"from the Chicago Tribune-New York Times Syndicate, Inc. for the dates 1943, 1959–61 and 1965–68, as well as originals and photocopies of the printed versions of \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\", both daily and Sunday strips. Considering both Cupples & Leon and Pacific Comics Club, the biggest gap is in 1928. Little Orphan Annie Little Orphan Annie is a daily American comic strip created by Harold Gray and syndicated by the Tribune Media Services. The strip took its name from the 1885 poem \\\"Little Orphant Annie\\\" by James Whitcomb Riley, and made its debut on August 5, 1924, in the New York\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393897\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"Little Orphan Annie Little Orphan Annie is a daily American comic strip created by Harold Gray and syndicated by the Tribune Media Services. The strip took its name from the 1885 poem \\\"Little Orphant Annie\\\" by James Whitcomb Riley, and made its debut on August 5, 1924, in the New York \\\"Daily News\\\". The plot follows the wide-ranging adventures of Annie, her dog Sandy and her benefactor Oliver \\\"Daddy\\\" Warbucks. Secondary characters include Punjab, the Asp and Mr. Am. The strip attracted adult readers with political commentary that targeted (among other things) organized labor, the New Deal and communism. Following\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393841\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie (1938 film)\",\n \"text\": \"Little Orphan Annie (1938 film) Little Orphan Annie is a 1938 American comedy film directed by Ben Holmes and written by Budd Schulberg and Samuel Ornitz. It is based on the comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" by Harold Gray. The film stars Ann Gillis, Robert Kent, June Travis, J. Farrell MacDonald and J.M. Kerrigan. The film was released on December 2, 1938, by Paramount Pictures. Annie (Ann Gillis), an orphan, (based on Harold Gray's comic strip but who is at no point in the film called 'Little Orphan Annie), is befriended by a fight manager, 'Pop' Corrigan (J. Farrell MacDonald).\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18259937\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"(empty or \\\"ground glass\\\") nuclei are a characteristic histological finding in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Harold Gray's work is in the Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center at Boston University. The Gray collection includes artwork, printed material, correspondence, manuscripts and photographs. Gray's original pen and ink drawings for \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" daily strips date from 1924 to 1968. The Sunday strips date from 1924 to 1964. Printed material in the collection includes numerous proofs of \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" daily and Sunday strips (1925–68). Most of these are in bound volumes. There are proofsheets of \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" daily strips\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393896\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"Annie doesn't become a star. As Bruce Smith remarks in \\\"The History of Little Orphan Annie\\\", \\\"Gray was smart enough never to let [Annie] get too successful.\\\" In 1977, \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" was adapted to the Broadway stage as \\\"Annie\\\". With music by Charles Strouse, lyrics by Martin Charnin and book by Thomas Meehan, the original production ran from April 21, 1977 to January 2, 1983. The work has been staged internationally. The musical took considerable liberties with the original comic strip plot. The Broadway Annies were Andrea McArdle, Shelly Bruce, Sarah Jessica Parker, Allison Smith and Alyson Kirk. Actresses\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393883\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie (1932 film)\",\n \"text\": \"Little Orphan Annie (1932 film) Little Orphan Annie is a 1932 American Pre-Code comedy film directed by John S. Robertson and written by Wanda Tuchock and Tom McNamara. It is based on the comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" by Harold Gray. The film stars Mitzi Green, Buster Phelps, May Robson, Matt Moore and Edgar Kennedy. The film was released on November 4, 1932, by RKO Pictures. Oliver \\\"Daddy\\\" Warbucks is going away to find gold. He must leave Annie and Sandy and promises that when he gets back they'll be rich. On the way home, Sandy finds a little boy\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18257151\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie (1938 film)\",\n \"text\": \"She brings him Johnny Adams (Robert Kent), a promising prizefighter. Annie gets the people of the neighborhood to finance his training. But on the night of Johnny's big fight, a gambling syndicate locks him in a gymnasium and it appears the neighborhood folks will lose their investment. Little Orphan Annie (1938 film) Little Orphan Annie is a 1938 American comedy film directed by Ben Holmes and written by Budd Schulberg and Samuel Ornitz. It is based on the comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" by Harold Gray. The film stars Ann Gillis, Robert Kent, June Travis, J. Farrell MacDonald and J.M.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18259938\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie (1932 film)\",\n \"text\": \"named Mickey crying behind a fence. Mickey is upset because his grandmother died and he is being forced to go to an orphanage. Little Orphan Annie (1932 film) Little Orphan Annie is a 1932 American Pre-Code comedy film directed by John S. Robertson and written by Wanda Tuchock and Tom McNamara. It is based on the comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" by Harold Gray. The film stars Mitzi Green, Buster Phelps, May Robson, Matt Moore and Edgar Kennedy. The film was released on November 4, 1932, by RKO Pictures. Oliver \\\"Daddy\\\" Warbucks is going away to find gold. He must\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18257152\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Joe (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Little Joe (comic strip) Little Joe was a Western comic strip, created in the early 1930s by Ed Leffingwell and later continued by his brother, Robert Leffingwell. Distributed by the Chicago Tribune Syndicate, this Sunday strip had a long run spanning four decades. It was never a daily strip. Ed Leffingwell's cousin was Harold Gray, and he began in comics as Gray's assistant on \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\", which explains why the artwork on \\\"Little Joe\\\" curiously resembled \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". \\\"Little Joe\\\" began October 1, 1933, but Ed Leffingwell worked on the strip for only three years. When he died\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14406957\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"worked on the strip over the years. In \\\"The Penguin Book of Comics\\\" Belinda is described as \\\"a perpetual waif, a British counterpart to the transatlantic \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\".\\\" The strip also influenced \\\"Little Annie Rooney\\\" (Jan. 10, 1927-1966) and \\\"Frankie Doodle\\\" (1934-1938). In 1995, \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" was one of 20 American comic strips included in the Comic Strip Classics series of commemorative U.S. postage stamps. \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" lent itself easily to parody, which was taken up by both Walt Kelly in \\\"Pogo\\\" (as \\\"Little Arf 'n Nonnie\\\" and later \\\"Lulu Arfin' Nanny\\\") and by Al Capp in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393889\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harold Gray\",\n \"text\": \"Harold Gray Harold Lincoln Gray (January 20, 1894 – May 9, 1968) was an American cartoonist, best known as the creator of the newspaper comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". He is considered to be the first American cartoonist to use a comic strip to express a political philosophy. Harold Gray was born in Kankakee, Illinois on January 20, 1894, to Estella Mary () and Ira Lincoln Gray, a farmer. Both parents died before he finished high school in 1912 in West Lafayette, Indiana, where the family had moved. In 1913, he got his first newspaper job at a Lafayette daily.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4246376\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harold Gray\",\n \"text\": \"correspondence, manuscripts and photographs. The collection contains a scrapbook, a short story by Gray titled \\\"Annie\\\", letters, postcards and telegrams from 1937 to 1967, including correspondence with \\\"Collier's\\\", Purdue University, Al Capp and Mort Walker. Gray's appointment books with comic strip dialogue and plots are dated 1929, 1931, 1933–1935, 1937, 1944, 1946, 1949, 1950–59 and 1961. Photographs show Gray drawing and Gray as a U.S. Army officer Harold Gray Harold Lincoln Gray (January 20, 1894 – May 9, 1968) was an American cartoonist, best known as the creator of the newspaper comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". He is considered to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4246385\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie (radio)\",\n \"text\": \"Little Orphan Annie (radio) Little Orphan Annie was an American radio drama series based on the popularity of the comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". It debuted on Chicago's WGN in 1930, then moved to the NBC radio network Blue Network on April 6, 1931. It aired until April 26, 1942. Together with \\\"Skippy\\\" (1932–1935) it is seen as the oldest US children's radio program. Radio historian Jim Harmon attributes the show's popularity in \\\"The Great Radio Heroes\\\" to the fact that it was the only radio show to deal with and appeal to young children. \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" was based\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19110901\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie (radio)\",\n \"text\": \"in a reenactment of \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" on Chuck Schaden's \\\"Those Were the Days\\\" radio show. Little Orphan Annie (radio) Little Orphan Annie was an American radio drama series based on the popularity of the comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". It debuted on Chicago's WGN in 1930, then moved to the NBC radio network Blue Network on April 6, 1931. It aired until April 26, 1942. Together with \\\"Skippy\\\" (1932–1935) it is seen as the oldest US children's radio program. Radio historian Jim Harmon attributes the show's popularity in \\\"The Great Radio Heroes\\\" to the fact that it was the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19110908\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"but \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" was finally accepted and debuted in a test run on August 5, 1924, in the New York \\\"Daily News\\\", a \\\"Tribune\\\" owned tabloid. Reader response was positive, and \\\"Annie\\\" began appearing as a Sunday strip in the \\\"Tribune\\\" on November 2 and as a daily strip on November 10. It was soon offered for syndication and picked up by the \\\"Toronto Star\\\" and \\\"The Atlanta Constitution\\\". Gray reported in 1952 that Annie's origin lay in a chance meeting he had with a ragamuffin while wandering the streets of Chicago looking for cartooning ideas. \\\"I talked to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393853\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Joe (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"in 1936, Bob Leffingwell (also a Gray assistant) stepped in, continuing the strip until its conclusion in 1972. The resemblance to \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" began to fade away during the 1950s. Bob Leffingwell continued to work on \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" as well as \\\"Little Joe\\\", which was reprinted in Dell Comics' \\\"Popular Comics\\\", \\\"Super Comics\\\" and Dell's \\\"Four Color Comics\\\" series (1942). A CD-ROM reprinting early \\\"Little Joe\\\" strips was released in 2002. Comics historian Don Markstein described the storyline: Eventually, \\\"Ze Gen'ral\\\" became a topper strip above \\\"Little Joe\\\". Little Joe (comic strip) Little Joe was a Western comic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14406958\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"Gray's death in 1968, several artists drew the strip and, for a time, \\\"classic\\\" strips were reruns. \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" inspired a radio show in 1930, film adaptations by RKO in 1932 and Paramount in 1938 and a Broadway musical \\\"Annie\\\" in 1977 (which was adapted into a film of the same name three times, one in 1982, one in 1999 and another in 2014). The strip's popularity declined over the years; it was running in only 20 newspapers when it was cancelled on June 13, 2010. The characters now appear occasionally as supporting ones in \\\"Dick Tracy\\\". \\\"Little Orphan\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393842\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"described \\\"Annie\\\" as \\\"Hooverism in the Funnies\\\", arguing that Gray's strip was defending utility company bosses then being investigated by the government. The \\\"Herald Dispatch\\\" of Huntington, West Virginia stopped running \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\", printing a front page editorial rebuking Gray's politics. A subsequent \\\"New Republic\\\" editorial praised the paper's move, and \\\"The Nation\\\" likewise voiced its support. In the late 1920s, the strip had taken on a more adult and adventurous feel with Annie encountering killers, gangsters, spies, and saboteurs. It was about this time that Gray, whose politics seem to have been broadly conservative and libertarian with a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393859\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"and Riley's \\\"homespun philosophy of hard work, respect for elders, and a cheerful outlook on life\\\". A \\\"Fortune\\\" popularity poll in 1937 indicated \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" ranked number one and ahead of \\\"Popeye\\\", \\\"Dick Tracy\\\", \\\"Bringing Up Father\\\", \\\"The Gumps\\\", \\\"Blondie\\\", \\\"Moon Mullins\\\", \\\"Joe Palooka\\\", \\\"Li'l Abner\\\" and \\\"Tillie the Toiler\\\". Gray was little affected by the stock market crash of 1929. The strip was more popular than ever and brought him a good income, which was only enhanced when the strip became the basis for a radio program in 1930 and two films in 1932 and 1938. Predictably, Gray\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393856\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie (radio)\",\n \"text\": \"on Harold Gray's eponymous and equally popular comic strip series \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". The show debuted on WGN/Chicago in 1930, but only became a national hit when it moved to NBC radio's Blue Network in 1931. It was broadcast in the late afternoon and ran for twelve successful years. In 1931, when the show debuted, radio had yet to establish coast-to-coast networks so two separate casts performed—one in San Francisco starring Floy Margaret Hughes and the other in Chicago starring Shirley Bell as Annie, Stanley Andrews as \\\"Daddy\\\", and Allan Baruck (and later Mel Tormé) as Joe Corntassel. When coast\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19110902\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"a \\\"capitalist pig\\\" who should \\\"drop acid\\\". Children's television host Chuck McCann became well known in the New York/New Jersey market for his imitations of newspaper comic characters; McCann put blank white circles over his eyes during his over-the-top impression of Annie. \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" was also parodied in an episode of the stop-motion television series \\\"Robot Chicken\\\" in which Little Orphan Annie fails to grasp the true meaning of a hard knock life when a fellow orphan shows that their lives are relatively decent compared to orphans around the world. Annie reappears in another episode as a vulgar, demanding,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393891\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Li'l Abner\\\", where Punjab became Punjbag, an oleaginous slob. Harvey Kurtzman and Wally Wood satirized the strip in \\\"Mad\\\" #9 as \\\"Little Orphan Melvin\\\", and later Kurtzman produced a long-running series for \\\"Playboy\\\", \\\"Little Annie Fanny\\\", in which the lead character is a busty, voluptuous waif who continually loses her clothes and falls into strange sexual situations. In \\\"The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers\\\", Gilbert Shelton satirized the strip as \\\"Little Orphan Amphetamine\\\", who is a 1960s teenager who runs away from home, and after being scarred by a series of sexual experiences, returns only to tell \\\"Daddy\\\" that he is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393890\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"groups. Twenty thousand Junior Commandos were reportedly registered in Boston. Gray was praised far and wide for his war effort brainchild. \\\"Editor & Publisher\\\" wrote, Harold Gray, \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" creator, has done one of the biggest jobs to date for the scrap drive. His 'Junior Commando' project, which he inaugurated some months ago, has caught on all around the country, and tons of scrap have been collected and contributed to the campaign. The kids sell the scrap, and the proceeds are turned into stamps and bonds. Not all was rosy for Gray however. He applied for extra gas coupons,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393865\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"this little kid and liked her right away,\\\" Gray said, \\\"She had common sense, knew how to take care of herself. She had to. Her name was Annie. At the time some 40 strips were using boys as the main characters; only three were using girls. I chose Annie for mine, and made her an orphan, so she'd have no family, no tangling alliances, but freedom to go where she pleased.\\\" By changing the gender of his lead character, Gray differentiated himself in the field of comics (and likely increased his readership by appealing to female readers). In designing the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393854\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Annie Fanny\",\n \"text\": \"outlineless look. Kurtzman's suggestions for the feature's name included \\\"The Perils of Zelda\\\", \\\"The Perils of Irma\\\", and \\\"Little Mary Mixup\\\"; he settled on \\\"Little Annie Fanny\\\", its title and logo a parody of Harold Gray's \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". The cartoonist began submitting story ideas for the multi-page comic strip to Hefner for approval. Over the twenty-six years he wrote the character, he was allowed (with \\\"Playboy\\\" substantial budget) to travel for research, photography, and sketching. He followed this with a preliminary script for Hefner, who revised it. Kurtzman then worked out the story's composition, pacing, and action in thumbnail\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5182586\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Belinda (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Belinda (comic strip) Belinda, aka Belinda Blue-Eyes, was a newspaper comic strip created in 1936 by the cartoonist Steve Dowling (1904-1986) and scripted by Bill Connor. It was published in the UK newspaper \\\"Daily Mirror\\\". In \\\"The Penguin Book of Comics\\\", George Perry and Alan Aldridge wrote, \\\"Belinda Blue Eyes was a perpetual waif, a British counterpart to the transatlantic \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". Over the years she grew slowly. By 1959 when the strip ended, she had just about reached the stage when she needed a bra.\\\" In 1943, Tony Royle took over as the artist. During World War II,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10790030\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"had a habit of beating up other kids. A less well-known (or rather, notorious) example was the 'Daddy Fleshbucks' side-story from \\\"American Flagg!\\\". The title was parodied in \\\"The Simpsons\\\"' episode \\\"Little Orphan Millie\\\". In the early 1970s, a flavored ice treat for children called Otter Pops (with cartoon otters as flavored mascots such as \\\"Alexander the Grape\\\") featured a character dubbed \\\"Little Orphan Orange.\\\" In the 1983 film \\\"A Christmas Story\\\", the main character Ralph is a fan of the \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" radio drama, listening to the show religiously while waiting for his Ovaltine decoder pin. Once he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393893\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Annie (1982 film)\",\n \"text\": \"Annie (1982 film) Annie is a 1982 American musical comedy-drama film based on the Broadway musical of the same name by Charles Strouse, Martin Charnin and Thomas Meehan which in turn is based on the \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" comic strip by Harold Gray. Directed by John Huston and written by Carol Sobieski, the film stars Albert Finney, Carol Burnett, Ann Reinking, Tim Curry, Bernadette Peters, Geoffrey Holder, Edward Herrmann and Aileen Quinn as the title character. Set during the Great Depression in 1933, the film tells the story of Annie, an orphan from New York City who is taken in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10766773\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Annie (1999 film)\",\n \"text\": \"Annie (1999 film) Annie is a 1999 American made-for-television musical-comedy-drama film from \\\"The Wonderful World of Disney\\\", adapted from the 1977 Broadway musical of the same name by Charles Strouse, Martin Charnin, and Thomas Meehan, which in turn is based on the 1924 \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" comic strip by Harold Gray. The musical was previously adapted into a 1982 theatrical film. It was directed by Rob Marshall, written by Irene Mecchi, and produced by Walt Disney Television, Columbia TriStar Television, Storyline Entertainment, and Chris Montan Productions. \\\"Annie\\\" marks the first film collaboration between The Walt Disney Company and Columbia Pictures\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10931513\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harold Gray\",\n \"text\": \"people. Gray sometimes ghosted \\\"Little Joe\\\" (1933–72), the strip by his assistant (and cousin) Ed Leffingwell which was continued by Ed's brother Robert. \\\"Maw Green\\\", a spin-off of \\\"Annie\\\" was published as a topper to \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". It mixed vaudeville timing with the same deeply conservative attitudes as \\\"Annie\\\". Films, radio and merchandising made Gray a multi-millionaire. He died of cancer at the Scripps Memorial Hospital in La Jolla on May 9, 1968, at the age of 74. Harold Gray's work is in the Special Collections Department at the Boston University Library. The Gray collection includes artwork, printed material,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4246384\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"put him to sleep. Her short tousled girlish hair-cut, along with the strict tailor-suit she dons, enhances her air of hidden perversion and makes it easy for her (with the help of a big glass of chardonnay mixed with two roofies) to put the professor on his knees. The wig is afterward missing from the school props box, and was much sought, before being retrieved in Elizabeth's drawer. Starting in 2014, gingerlock comedian Michelle Wolf appeared on numerous segments on \\\"Late Night\\\" as her fictional persona, \\\"Grown-Up Annie\\\", an adult version of Little Orphan Annie. In medicine, \\\"Orphan Annie eye\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393895\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"strip, Gray was influenced by his midwestern farm boyhood, Victorian poetry and novels such as Charles Dickens's \\\"Great Expectations\\\", Sidney Smith's wildly popular comic strip \\\"The Gumps\\\", and the histrionics of the silent films and melodramas of the period. Initially, there was no continuity between the dailies and the Sunday strips, but by the early 1930s the two had become one. The strip (whose title was borrowed from James Whitcomb Riley's 1885 poem \\\"Little Orphant Annie\\\") was \\\"conservative and topical\\\", according to the editors of \\\"The Great Depression in America: A Cultural Encyclopedia\\\", and \\\"represents the personal vision\\\" of Gray\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393855\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie (radio)\",\n \"text\": \"a membership badge or pin that included a cipher disk - enciphering the letters A-Z to numbers 1-26. Announcer Pierre Andre often talked about the virtues of the shows' products, sometimes stretching towards three minutes in length. The theme song was sung by announcer Pierre Andre, as \\\"Uncle Andy\\\". Leonard Salvo was the show's organist. \\\"Who's that little chatter box?\\\" \\\"The one with pretty auburn locks?\\\" \\\"Whom do you see?\\\" \\\"It's Little Orphan Annie.\\\" \\\"She and Sandy make a pair,\\\" \\\"They never seem to have a care!\\\" \\\"Cute little she,\\\" \\\"It's Little Orphan Annie.\\\" \\\"Bright eyes cheeks a healthy glow,\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19110905\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Comic strip\",\n \"text\": \"a one-time publicity stunt, for one artist to take over a feature from its originator is an old tradition in newspaper cartooning (as it is in the comic book industry). In fact, the practice has made possible the longevity of the genre's more popular strips. Examples include \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" (drawn and plotted by Harold Gray from 1924 to 1944 and thereafter by a succession of artists including Leonard Starr and Andrew Pepoy), and \\\"Terry and The Pirates\\\", started by Milton Caniff in 1934 and picked up by George Wunder. A business-driven variation has sometimes led to the same feature\",\n \"psg_id\": \"70124\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Annie Rooney\",\n \"text\": \"Story\\\". Harvey Kurtzman had both Annies in mind when he created his satirical \\\"Little Annie Fanny\\\" for \\\"Playboy\\\", though the ribald parody owed far more to the original Harold Gray strip. James Joyce referred to \\\"Little Annie Rooney\\\" early in the first chapter of \\\"Finnegans Wake\\\": \\\"Arrah, sure, we all love little Anny Ruiny, or, we mean to say, lovelittle Anna Rayiny, when unda her brella, mid piddle med puddle, she ninnygoes nannygoes nancing by.\\\" Prior to the creation of the identically titled comic strip, Mary Pickford starred as a girl of the slums in William Beaudine's 1925 silent comedy-drama\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5483580\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"of the story, Tracy receives a letter from Annie and determines her location. Meanwhile, the name of the kidnapper is revealed as Henrik Wilemse, and he has been tracked to the city where he is found and made to disappear. Tracy and Warbucks rescued Annie, and the storyline wrapped up on October 12. Annie again visited 'Dick Tracy', visiting his granddaughter Honeymoon Tracy, starting June 6, 2015. This arc concluded Sept. 26 2015 with Dick Tracy sending the girls home from a crime scene to keep them out of the news. \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" was adapted to a 15-minute radio\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393879\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"show that debuted on WGN Chicago in 1930 and went national on NBC's Blue Network beginning April 6, 1931. The show was one of the first comic strips adapted to radio, attracted about 6 million fans, and left the air in 1942. Radio historian Jim Harmon attributes the show's popularity in \\\"The Great Radio Heroes\\\" to the fact that it was the only radio show to deal with and appeal to young children. Two film adaptations were released at the height of Annie's popularity in the 1930s. \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\", the first adaptation, was produced by David O. Selznick for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393880\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"receives the pin, he anxiously copies the show's secret code, but is frustrated upon decoding it to Ovaltine's slogan, \\\"Be sure to drink your Ovaltine.\\\" This makes him grumble, \\\"A crummy commercial!\\\" Rapper Jay-Z has referenced \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" in at least two of his songs, as well as sampled \\\"It's the Hard Knock Life\\\" for \\\"Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)\\\". In the film Bad Teacher, Elizabeth (Cameron Diaz) wears a \\\"Little Orphan Annie's wig\\\" when, pretending she is a journalist, she meets the state professor who is in charge of creating and distributing the exams forms, to seduce and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393894\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Annie (musical)\",\n \"text\": \"Annie (musical) Annie is a Broadway musical based upon the popular Harold Gray comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\", with music by Charles Strouse, lyrics by Martin Charnin, and book by Thomas Meehan. The original Broadway production opened in 1977 and ran for nearly six years, setting a record for the Alvin Theatre (now the Neil Simon Theatre). It spawned numerous productions in many countries, as well as national tours, and won the Tony Award for Best Musical. The musical's songs \\\"Tomorrow\\\" and \\\"It's the Hard Knock Life\\\" are among its most popular musical numbers. In 1933, eleven-year-old Annie is in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2266684\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Annie (musical)\",\n \"text\": \"of the song are sung in the Disney theme park attraction \\\"It's Tough to be a Bug!\\\" and in the Rooms To Go next-day delivery ad campaign. The long-running Broadway parody production of \\\"Forbidden Broadway\\\" took up \\\"Tomorrow\\\" as sung by an adult Annie (\\\"I'm thirty years old . . . tomorrow\\\") pleading for a sequel to the original musical. The climax of the animated film \\\"Igor\\\" involved a giant robot portraying Annie. Other prominent media references include the following: Annie (musical) Annie is a Broadway musical based upon the popular Harold Gray comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\", with music\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2266740\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Annie (1982 film)\",\n \"text\": \"was planning to produce \\\"Annie\\\", a remake of The 1982 film. On May 25, 2012 it was announced that Jay-Z was writing new songs for the film. In January 2013, Sony Pictures selected Will Gluck to direct the film. Oscar nominee, Quvenzhané Wallis was cast as the title character. The film was released on December 19, 2014. Annie (1982 film) Annie is a 1982 American musical comedy-drama film based on the Broadway musical of the same name by Charles Strouse, Martin Charnin and Thomas Meehan which in turn is based on the \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" comic strip by Harold Gray.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10766796\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"and spoiled teenager featured in a parodic documentary chronicling her preparations for her ostentatious upcoming sixteenth birthday celebration in a sketch lampooning reality programs based on the same concept. She quickly tires of her gift from Daddy Warbucks— the planet Mars— and soon winds up suffocating to death after losing her helmet while exploring the planet. The 1980s children's television program \\\"You Can't Do That on Television\\\" in its later banned \\\"Adoption\\\" episode, parodied the character as \\\"Little Orphan Andrea\\\". Andrea, like Annie, sported curly red hair and a red dress but unlike her, was a very naughty orphan who\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393892\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"returning Daddy Warbucks. Annie and Daddy would then be reunited, at which point, after several weeks, the formula would play out again. In the series, each strip represented a single day in the life of the characters. This device was dropped by the end of the '20s. By the 1930s, during the Great Depression, the formula was tweaked: Daddy Warbucks lost his fortune due to a corrupt rival and ultimately died from despair at the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Annie remained an orphan, and for several years had adventures that involved more internationally based enemies. The contemporary events taking\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393847\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"the Movies\\\", \\\"Sign\\\", and \\\"We Got Annie\\\", while cutting \\\"We'd like to Thank You, Herbert Hoover\\\", \\\"N.Y.C\\\", \\\"You Won't Be an Orphan for Long\\\", \\\"Something Was Missing\\\", \\\"Annie\\\", and \\\"New Deal for Christmas\\\". It received mixed critical reviews and, while becoming the 10th highest-grossing film of 1982, barely recouped its $50 million budget. A direct-to-video film, \\\"\\\" was released in 1996 as a sequel to the 1982 film. It features Ashley Johnson as Annie and focuses on the adventures of Annie and her friends Hannah and Molly. It is set in England in 1943, about 10 years after the first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393886\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"who portrayed Miss Hannigan are Dorothy Loudon, Alice Ghostley, Betty Hutton, Ruth Kobart, Marcia Lewis, June Havoc, Nell Carter and Sally Struthers. Songs from the musical include \\\"Tomorrow\\\" and \\\"It's the Hard Knock Life\\\". There is also a children's version of \\\"Annie\\\" called \\\"Annie Junior\\\". Two sequels to the musical, \\\"Annie 2: Miss Hannigan's Revenge\\\" (1989) and \\\"Annie Warbucks\\\" (1992-93), were written by the same creative team; neither show opened on Broadway. There were also many \\\"bus & truck\\\" tours of Little Orphan Annie throughout the United States during the success of the Broadway Shows. In addition to the two\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393884\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Annie Rooney\",\n \"text\": \"California: Comics Access, 1995. Little Annie Rooney Little Annie Rooney is a comic strip about a young orphaned girl who traveled about with her dog, Zero. King Features Syndicate launched the strip on January 10, 1927, not long after it was apparent that the Chicago Tribune Syndicate had scored a huge hit with \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". The name comes from the 1889 popular song of the same name, still familiar to many at the time. Although the King Features strip was an obvious knock-off with several similar parallels, the approach was quite different, and \\\"Little Annie Rooney\\\" had a successful\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5483583\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Annie Rooney\",\n \"text\": \"Little Annie Rooney Little Annie Rooney is a comic strip about a young orphaned girl who traveled about with her dog, Zero. King Features Syndicate launched the strip on January 10, 1927, not long after it was apparent that the Chicago Tribune Syndicate had scored a huge hit with \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". The name comes from the 1889 popular song of the same name, still familiar to many at the time. Although the King Features strip was an obvious knock-off with several similar parallels, the approach was quite different, and \\\"Little Annie Rooney\\\" had a successful run from January 10,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5483577\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"final cartoonist, Ted Slampyak, said, \\\"It's kind of painful. It's almost like mourning the loss of a friend.\\\" The last strip was the culmination of a story arc where Annie was kidnapped from her hotel by a wanted war criminal from eastern Europe who checked in under a phony name with a fake passport. Although Warbucks enlists the help of the FBI and Interpol to find her, by the end of the final strip he has begun to resign himself to the very strong possibility that Annie most likely will not be found alive. Unfortunately Warbucks is unaware that Annie\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393876\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Little Orphan\",\n \"text\": \"The Little Orphan The Little Orphan is a 1949 American one-reel animated cartoon and is the 40th released \\\"Tom and Jerry\\\" cartoon, released in theatres on April 30, 1949 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer. It was produced by Fred Quimby and directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, with music by Scott Bradley. The cartoon was animated by Irven Spence, Kenneth Muse, Ed Barge and Ray Patterson. \\\"The Little Orphan\\\" won the 1948 Academy Award for Best Short Subject: Cartoons, this being the fifth Oscar (of seven) given to the cat and mouse team. Though the cartoon was released in 1949, it\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7527594\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie (radio)\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"There's a store of healthiness handy.\\\" \\\"Mite-size, always on the go,\\\" \\\"If you want to know - \\\"Arf\\\", goes Sandy.\\\" \\\"Always wears a sunny smile,\\\" \\\"Now, wouldn't it be worth a while,\\\" \\\"If you could be,\\\" \\\"Like Little Orphan Annie?\\\" Jean Shepherd used the show as the basis for his short story \\\"The Counterfeit Secret Circle Member Gets the Message, or The Asp Strikes Again.\\\" In the story, first-person narrator Ralphie Parker is an avid listener of the program and eagerly awaits the arrival of his decoder ring to find out the secret messages in each episode. When the ring\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19110906\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Little Orphan\",\n \"text\": \"and Jerry can pick up their cutlery. Nibbles, now finally full, pats his stomach in delight. DVD Blu-ray The Little Orphan The Little Orphan is a 1949 American one-reel animated cartoon and is the 40th released \\\"Tom and Jerry\\\" cartoon, released in theatres on April 30, 1949 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer. It was produced by Fred Quimby and directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, with music by Scott Bradley. The cartoon was animated by Irven Spence, Kenneth Muse, Ed Barge and Ray Patterson. \\\"The Little Orphan\\\" won the 1948 Academy Award for Best Short Subject: Cartoons, this being the fifth\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7527598\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"very large block of readers.\\\" African American readers wrote letters to Gray thanking him for the incorporation of a black child in the strip. In the summer of 1944 Franklin Delano Roosevelt was nominated for a fourth term as President of the United States, and Gray (who had little love for Roosevelt) killed off Warbucks in a month-long sequence of sentimental pathos. Readers were generally unhappy with Gray's decision, but some liberals advocated the same fate for Annie and her \\\"stale philosophy\\\". By the following November however, Annie was working as a maid in a Mrs. Bleating-Hart's home and suffering\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393868\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan\",\n \"text\": \"pavilion on the top of the hill. Its name suggests that it stands alone in the river. \\\"Little\\\" makes it different from \\\"Great Orphan\\\" in Poyang Lake. It is classified as an AAA-rated tourist attraction by China National Tourism Administration, attracting tens of thousands tourists and pilgrims every year. Little Orphan has been a frequent subject in the Chinese classic literature, and one travels depicting Little Orphan written by Lu You is selected for the textbook of high school. It appears on the 2016 Chinese film \\\"Crosscurrent\\\". Little Orphan Little Orphan is a rock hill in middle of Yangtze River,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20545941\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Airedale\",\n \"text\": \"Little Orphan Airedale Little Orphan Airedale is a Warner Bros. \\\"Looney Tunes\\\" cartoon directed by Charles M. Jones and released on October 4, 1947. It was later reissued as a Blue Ribbon Merrie Melodies short. Its major significance is its status as the debut of Jones's character Charlie Dog. The title is a play on \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". The cartoon's story (which is essentially a re-working of Bob Clampett's 1941 short \\\"Porky's Pooch\\\") is about a dog named Rags McMutt, who has just escaped from the dog pound and accidentally meets Charlie, an old friend of his, in a car\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10488503\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphant Annie\",\n \"text\": \"Little Orphant Annie \\\"Little Orphant Annie\\\" is an 1885 poem written by James Whitcomb Riley and published by the Bowen-Merrill Company. First titled \\\"The Elf Child\\\", the name was changed by Riley to \\\"Little Orphant Allie\\\" at its third printing; however, a typecasting error during printing renamed the poem to its current form. Known as the \\\"Hoosier poet\\\", Riley wrote the rhymes in nineteenth-century Hoosier dialect. As one of his most well known poems, it served as the inspiration for the character Little Orphan Annie upon whom was based a comic strip, plays, radio programs, television shows, and movies. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11081872\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Orphan of the Stars\",\n \"text\": \"Orphan of the Stars L'Orphelin des Astres (Orphan of the Stars) is volume seventeen in the French comic book (or \\\"bande dessinée\\\") science fiction series \\\"Valérian and Laureline\\\" created by writer Pierre Christin and artist Jean-Claude Mézières. The Asteroids of Shimballil, time unknown. The asteroids are clustered close to a sun that provides warmth and are close enough together to trap a breathable atmosphere enabling inhabitants to travel between the asteroids without extensive life support equipment. We see many parts of the Asteroids in this album including: \\\"The Asteroids of Shimballil\\\" was originally the title of a proposed animated Valérian\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6755224\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"place in Europe were reflected in the strips during the 1940s and World War II. Daddy Warbucks was reunited with Annie, as his death was changed to coma, from which he woke in 1945. By this time, the series enlarged its world with the addition of characters such as Asp and Punjab, bodyguards and servants to Annie and Daddy Warbucks. In world-trotting adventures, the characters traveled around the world, with Annie having adventures on her own or with her adopted family. Annie is a 10-year-old orphan. Her distinguishing physical characteristics are a mop of red, curly hair, a red dress\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393848\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Comic strip\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Dilbert\\\", include an email address in each strip. Most comic strip characters do not age throughout the strip's life, but in some strips, like Lynn Johnston's award-winning \\\"For Better or For Worse\\\", the characters age as the years pass. The first strip to feature aging characters was \\\"Gasoline Alley\\\". The history of comic strips also includes series that are not humorous, but tell an ongoing dramatic story. Examples include \\\"The Phantom\\\", \\\"Prince Valiant\\\", \\\"Dick Tracy\\\", \\\"Mary Worth\\\", \\\"Modesty Blaise\\\", \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\", \\\"Flash Gordon\\\", and \\\"Tarzan\\\". Sometimes these are spin-offs from comic books, for example \\\"Superman\\\", \\\"Batman\\\", and \\\"The Amazing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"70115\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"mysterious Mister Am, a friend of Warbucks' who wears a Santa Claus–like beard and has a jovial personality. He claims to have lived for millions of years and even having supernatural powers. Some strips hinted that he might even be God. After World War I, cartoonist Harold Gray joined the \\\"Chicago Tribune\\\" which, at that time, was being reworked by owner Joseph Medill Patterson into an important national journal. As part of his plan, Patterson wanted to publish comic strips that would lend themselves to nationwide syndication and to film and radio adaptations. Gray's strips were consistently rejected by Patterson,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393852\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"of spunk. Early in 1974, David Lettick took the strip, but his Annie was drawn in an entirely different and more \\\"cartoonish\\\" style, leading to reader complaints, and he left after only three months. In April 1974, the decision was made to reprint Gray's classic strips, beginning in 1936. Subscriptions increased. Following the success of the Broadway musical \\\"Annie\\\", the strip was resurrected in 1979 as \\\"Annie\\\", written and drawn by Leonard Starr. Starr, the creator of \\\"Mary Perkins, On Stage\\\", was the only one besides Gray to achieve notable success with the strip. Upon Starr's retirement in 2000, he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393873\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie (radio)\",\n \"text\": \"usually related to the following episode. In 1940, Quaker Puffed Wheat Sparkies became the show's sponsor and brought fictional aviator Captain Sparks to the show. Sparks eventually became the star, relegating Annie to secondary player. The product placement and exploitation of premiums to retain and attract new listeners was notable. Among those items were secret decoders, shake-up mugs for drinking Ovaltine (the show's sponsor product) and secret decoder rings for the Little Orphan Annie secret society. The 1934 fan club's member's handbook included a simple substitution cipher with a resulting numeric cipher text. This was followed the next year with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19110904\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harold Gray\",\n \"text\": \"California. By the 1930s, \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" had evolved from a crudely drawn melodrama to a crisply rendered atmospheric story with novelistic plot threads. The dialogue consisted mainly of meditations on Gray's own deeply conservative political philosophy. Gray made no secret of his dislike for the New Deal ways of President Franklin Roosevelt and would often decry unions and other things he saw as impediments to the hard-working American way of life. Critic Jeet Heer, who did his thesis on Gray and wrote introductions to IDW's \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" collections, commented: Gray wasn't really a conservative in the 1920s: he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4246379\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Comic strip formats\",\n \"text\": \"prefer the tabloid or \\\"tab\\\" size Sunday strip for such strips as \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\", \\\"Dick Tracy\\\" and \\\"Terry and the Pirates\\\". Half tab is a comic strip format that fills half of a page in a tabloid newspaper Sunday comics section. Usually, though not always, it is the same as the half-page format, only smaller. As modern newspapers cram more and more strips onto one Sunday page, even full-sized newspapers often use the half-tab (and even the third-tab) format. More and more tabloid newspapers put three or more reduced thirds on a single tabloid page. Comic strip formats Comic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9159227\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Orphan\",\n \"text\": \"A. F. Coniglio, Roald Dahl and J. K. Rowling, as well as some less well-known authors of famous orphans like Little Orphan Annie have used orphans as major characters. One recurring storyline has been the relationship that the orphan can have with an adult from outside their immediate family as seen in Lyle Kessler's play \\\"Orphans\\\". Orphans are especially common as characters in comic books. Almost all the most popular heroes are orphans: Superman, Batman, Spider-Man, Robin, The Flash, Captain Marvel, Captain America, and Green Arrow were all orphaned. Orphans are also very common among villains: Bane, Catwoman, and Magneto\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12236273\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"run over by a car. Gray responded to the criticism by giving Annie a year-long bout with amnesia that allowed her to trip through several adventures without Daddy. In 1956, a sequence about juvenile delinquency, drug addiction, switchblades, prostitutes, crooked cops, and the ties between teens and adult gangsters unleashed a firestorm of criticism from unions, the clergy and intellectuals with 30 newspapers cancelling the strip. The syndicate ordered Gray to drop the sequence and develop another adventure. Gray died in May 1968 of cancer, and the strip was continued under other cartoonists. Gray's cousin and assistant Robert Leffingwell was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393871\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Comic strip\",\n \"text\": \"papers\\\", shortened to \\\"the funnies\\\"), such as \\\"Thimble Theatre\\\" and \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\", filled an entire newspaper page, a format known to collectors as full page. Sunday pages during the 1930s and into the 1940s often carried a secondary strip by the same artist as the main strip. No matter whether it appeared above or below a main strip, the extra strip was known as the topper, such as \\\"The Squirrel Cage\\\" which ran along with \\\"Room and Board\\\", both drawn by Gene Ahern. During the 1930s, the original art for a Sunday strip was usually drawn quite large. For\",\n \"psg_id\": \"70109\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Annie Warbucks\",\n \"text\": \"the first-act torch song to a blaze. . Ms. McKechnie is in great form. ...\\\"Annie Warbucks\\\" provides enough of the familiar fun to qualify as more than a postscript. The predisposed shouldn't be disappointed, while the wary may well be won over.\\\" Annie Warbucks Annie Warbucks is a musical with a book by Thomas Meehan, music by Charles Strouse, and lyrics by Martin Charnin. A sequel to the 1977 Tony Award-winning hit \\\"Annie\\\", based on Harold Gray's \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" comic strip, it begins immediately after \\\"Annie\\\" ends. On Christmas morning in 1933, when Child Welfare Commissioner Harriet Doyle (replacing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9152784\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"their 1938 film adaptation, but this version was panned as well. One reviewer thought it \\\"stupid and thoroughly boresome\\\" and was uncomfortable with the \\\"sugar-coated Pollyanna characterization\\\" given Annie. Three years after the RKO release, Gray wrote a sequence for the strip that sent Annie to Hollywood. She is hired at low wages to play the stand-in and stunt double for the bratty child star Tootsie McSnoots. Young starlet Janey Spangles tips off Annie to the corrupt practices in Hollywood. Annie handles the information with maturity and has a good time with Janey while doing her job on the set.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393882\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"King Uncle\",\n \"text\": \"King Uncle King Uncle is a 1993 Indian Hindi-language comedy-drama film directed by Rakesh Roshan. The film stars Jackie Shroff and Anu Agarwal in the lead roles. Shah Rukh Khan, Nagma, Paresh Rawal, Sushmita Mukherjee, Pooja Ruparel, Deven Verma and Saleem Yousuf Hakroo from Kashmir star in supporting roles. The film was inspired from the 1982 English film \\\"Annie\\\" that starred Aileen Marie Quinn and Albert Finney, which in turn is based upon the 1924 comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" by Harold Gray. Ashok Bansal (Jackie Shroff) is a strict industrialist, inspired by the British 'stiff upper lip'. Ashok starts\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7291702\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Annie Warbucks\",\n \"text\": \"Annie Warbucks Annie Warbucks is a musical with a book by Thomas Meehan, music by Charles Strouse, and lyrics by Martin Charnin. A sequel to the 1977 Tony Award-winning hit \\\"Annie\\\", based on Harold Gray's \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" comic strip, it begins immediately after \\\"Annie\\\" ends. On Christmas morning in 1933, when Child Welfare Commissioner Harriet Doyle (replacing the original's Miss Hannigan as the villain of the piece) arrives on the scene to inform Daddy Warbucks he must marry within sixty days or else the child will be returned to the orphanage. Daddy Warbucks' whirlwind search for a fitting bride\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9152778\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ed the Happy Clown\",\n \"text\": \"pulp science fiction, religious literature and television clichés. Harold Gray's comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" had an effect on Brown after he discovered some \\\"Annie\\\" reprint books in the early 1980s. This was to be a primary influence on later work of Brown's such as \\\"Louis Riel\\\". The story began in July 1983 in the second issue of Brown's original \\\"Yummy Fur\\\" minicomic, the seven issues of which were reprinted in 1986–87 in the first three issues of the Vortex Comics-published \\\"Yummy Fur\\\". \\\"Ed\\\" ran in the first eighteen issues of \\\"Yummy Fur\\\", along other features, such as Brown's Gospel\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7929037\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Orphan Black (comic book)\",\n \"text\": \"Orphan Black (comic book) Orphan Black is a limited series of comic books based on the television series \\\"Orphan Black\\\", which airs on BBC America in the United States and Space in Canada. The series is written by show creators John Fawcett and Graeme Manson, with Jody Houser serving as co-writer; Szymon Kudranski provides the artwork for issues #1 and #2, while Cat Staggs and Alan Quah share art duties for issues #3-#5. The comic books were part of a limited series consisting of five issues, each focusing on the past and present life of a different clone. The second\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18624638\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Orphan of Zhao\",\n \"text\": \"complete translation of \\\"The Orphan of Zhao\\\", which was from the Chinese original into French, including both the dialogue and the songs. The 2010 film \\\"Sacrifice\\\" directed by Chen Kaige is based on the historical Chinese play. In 2012 James Fenton adapted The Orphan of Zhao for the Royal Shakespeare Company production, directed by Gregory Doran in the Swan Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon. Fenton wrote four additional songs for the play. The Orphan of Zhao The Orphan of Zhao () is a Chinese play from the Yuan era, attributed to the 13th-century dramatist Ji Junxiang (紀君祥). The play has as its full\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9007707\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"in Mrs. Bottle's grocery store at the time and manages to keep the puppy briefly concealed. She finally gives him to Paddy Lynch, a gentle man who owns a \\\"steak joint\\\" and can give Sandy a good home. Sandy is a mature dog when he suddenly reappears in a May 1925 strip to rescue Annie from gypsy kidnappers. Annie and Sandy remain together thereafter. Oliver \\\"Daddy\\\" Warbucks first appears in a September 1924 strip and reveals a month later he was formerly a small machine shop owner who acquired his enormous wealth producing munitions during World War I. He is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393850\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"reasoning that he would need them to drive about the countryside collecting plot material for the strip. But an Office of Price Administration clerk named Flack refused to give Gray the coupons, explaining that cartoons were not vital to the war effort. Gray requested a hearing and the original decision was upheld. Gray was furious and vented in the strip, with especial venom directed at Flack, government price controls, and other concerns. Gray had his supporters, but Flack's neighbors defended him in the local newspaper and tongue-lashed Gray. Flack threatened to sue for libel, and some papers cancelled the strip.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393866\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"all sorts of torments from her mistress. The public begged Gray to have mercy on Annie, and he had her framed for her mistress's murder. She was exonerated. Following Roosevelt's death in April 1945, Gray resurrected Warbucks (who was only playing dead to thwart his enemies) and once again the billionaire began expounding the joys of capitalism. In the post-war years, Annie took on The Bomb, communism, teenage rebellion and a host of other social and political concerns, often provoking the enmity of clergymen, union leaders and others. For example, Gray believed children should be allowed to work. \\\"A little\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393869\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Orphan Black (comic book)\",\n \"text\": \"season in order to ground the comics into the already-established universe. The miniseries presents the audience with the opportunity to better understand the emotions, thoughts, and feelings that underlie the characters of the television series. Orphan Black (comic book) Orphan Black is a limited series of comic books based on the television series \\\"Orphan Black\\\", which airs on BBC America in the United States and Space in Canada. The series is written by show creators John Fawcett and Graeme Manson, with Jody Houser serving as co-writer; Szymon Kudranski provides the artwork for issues #1 and #2, while Cat Staggs and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18624666\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Li'l Abner\",\n \"text\": \"on both salami and Salome. Parody characters include Hop-Eye De Sailor, a parody of Popeye the Sailor, Little Orphan Andy (Little Orphan Annie); Bagwood Bumphead (Dagwood Bumstead), Rip Derby (Rip Kirby), Manrank the Musician (Mandrake the Magician), Little Danny Rooney (Little Annie Rooney), Icky (Twiggy), and Goon Mullins (Moon Mullins). \\\"Li'l Abner\\\" also featured a comic strip-within-the-strip: \\\"Fearless Fosdick\\\" was a parody of Chester Gould's plainclothes detective, \\\"Dick Tracy\\\". It first appeared in 1942, and proved so popular that it ran intermittently in \\\"Li'l Abner\\\" over the next 35 years. Gould was also personally parodied in the series as cartoonist\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1876807\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Orphan of Zhao\",\n \"text\": \"troubled by his sense of compassion, he allows Cheng Ying and the infant to escape. Thereafter he commits suicide by taking his sword to his throat, realizing that he will be tortured for what happened to the orphan. After these events, Tu'an Gu threatens to kill every infant in Jin if the Zhao orphan is not produced. Cheng Ying, who was fearful, consults the retired Minister Gongsun Chujiu. To prevent this massacre, Cheng Ying decides to sacrifice his own child in desperation so that the safety of the Zhao orphan and every infant in the state was ensured. Gongsun Chujiu\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9007695\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Orphan of Zhao\",\n \"text\": \"The Orphan of Zhao The Orphan of Zhao () is a Chinese play from the Yuan era, attributed to the 13th-century dramatist Ji Junxiang (紀君祥). The play has as its full name The Great Revenge of the Orphan of Zhao (趙氏孤兒大報仇). The play is classified in the \\\"zaju\\\" genre of dramas. It revolves around the central theme of revenge. The play is divided in six parts, comprising five acts (折 \\\"zhe\\\") and a wedge (楔子 \\\"xiezi\\\"), which may be an interlude or—as it is in this case—a prologue. It contains both dialogue and songs. The story of \\\"The Orphan of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9007689\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Comic strip formats\",\n \"text\": \"above or occasionally below the main strip, usually by the same artist. The topper on \\\"Thimble Theater\\\" was \\\"Sappo\\\", the topper on \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" was \\\"Maw Green\\\" and ran at the bottom of the full page. \\\"Dick Tracy\\\" never had a topper while it was still a full page, but much later it had a topper, \\\"Sawdust\\\", which ran at the bottom of the tabloid page. In the 1940s, comic strips were reduced in size because newspapers wanted to cram in more comics per page. Paper rationing during World War II also contributed to this, but was not the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9159216\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"decades. Maeder's writing style tended to make the stories feel like tongue-in-cheek adventures compared to the serious, heartfelt tales Gray and Starr favored. \\\"Annie\\\" gradually lost subscribers during the 2000s, and by 2010, it was running in fewer than 20 U.S. newspapers. On May 13, 2010, Tribune Media Services announced that the strip's final installment would appear on Sunday June 13, 2010, ending after 86 years. At the time of the cancellation announcement, it was running in fewer than 20 newspapers, some of which, such as the New York \\\"Daily News\\\", had carried the strip for its entire life. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393875\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"work never hurt any kid,\\\" Gray affirmed, \\\"One of the reasons we have so much juvenile delinquency is that kids are forced by law to loaf around on street corners and get into trouble.\\\" His belief brought upon him the wrath of the labor movement, which staunchly supported the child labor laws. A London newspaper columnist thought some of Gray's sequences a threat to world peace, but a Detroit newspaper supported Gray on his \\\"shoot first, ask questions later\\\" foreign policy. Gray was criticized for the gruesome violence in the strips, particularly a sequence in which Annie and Sandy were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393870\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Orphan of Zhao\",\n \"text\": \"stories\\\". Although the story of the orphan is retained in Voltaire's play, he is placed in the setting of invading Tartars. The orphan, who was the royal heir, is entrusted to the official Zamti by the Chinese monarch. Voltaire introduces the theme of love (which is absent in the original play), where Genghis Khan has a secret passion for Idamé, the wife of Zamti, but he is rejected by her as she stands firm to the lawful conduct of her nation. Voltaire had altered the story to fit his idea of European enlightenment and Chinese civilization, whereas the original play\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9007704\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Annie (musical)\",\n \"text\": \"that \\\"Annie\\\" is produced 700 to 900 times each year in the United States. Charnin first approached Meehan to write the book of a musical about \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" in 1972. Meehan researched by re-reading prints of the comic strip, but was unable to find any satisfactory material for a musical other than the characters of Annie, Oliver Warbucks and Sandy, so decided to write his own story. As all three of Meehan, Charnin and Strouse were from New York and given what he saw as the downbeat mood of the then-current Nixon era and the Vietnam War, Meehan set\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2266696\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Frankie Doodle\",\n \"text\": \"the Wild West. The strip ran in 87 newspapers. The strip was influenced by \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" - Frankie even has curly red hair. Ben Batsford had previously worked on \\\"Little Annie Rooney\\\", which was also influenced by Little Orphan Annie. Frankie Doodle Frankie Doodle, originally called \\\"The Doodle Family\\\", is an American comic strip that ran from 1934 to 1938. It was created by Ben Batsford. Frankie was the main character even when he lived with his family. However, they were all written out by 1935. Frankie is pursued throughout the strips by Mr. Shady, a disreputable lawyer who\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16656760\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Topper (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"only a single panel, an example being those that accompanied \\\"Joe Palooka\\\" in the mid-1940s. Holtz notes: And further: Some strips continued to supply toppers into the 1960s, and in a few cases even the 1970s. \\\"Maw Green\\\" in \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" was the last Sunday strip topper, except for the brief use of the topper parodies \\\"Sawdust\\\" and \\\"The Invisible Tribe\\\" in \\\"Dick Tracy\\\". Many newspapers in the late 1980s ran Jim Davis' \\\"U.S. Acres\\\" alongside Davis' own \\\"Garfield\\\" (also the most popular comic at the time). However, both were stand-alone strips and sold separately (also, unlike most toppers,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5344833\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Orphan-Maker\",\n \"text\": \"Orphan-Maker Orphan-Maker (Peter) is a fictional mutant character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. His first appearance was in \\\"X-Factor\\\" vol. 1 #31. Orphan-Maker's first appearance was in \\\"X-Factor\\\" #31 (August 1988), and he was created by Louise Simonson and Walt Simonson. The character subsequently appears in \\\"X-Factor\\\" #35 (December 1988), #40 (May 1989), \\\"The Uncanny X-Men\\\" #247-248 (August-September 1989), #265-267 (August-September 1990), \\\"Generation X\\\" #2-4 (December 1994-February 1995), \\\"Generation X Holiday Special\\\" #1 (February 1998), \\\"Slingers\\\" #9 (August 1999), and \\\"Wolverine: Killing Made Simple\\\" #1 (October 2008). Orphan-Maker received an entry in the \\\"Official Handbook of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8074056\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Millie\",\n \"text\": \"where a very much alive Kirk and Luann plan escaping with a nature-made hang-glider. After flying, Kirk and Luann's hang-glider cuts the hot air balloon and soon, Milhouse re-unites with his parents. Zack states that he has already called for help and then gets into a fight with Kirk over their heritage (Danish and Dutch respectively). The episode's name references \\\"Little Orphan Annie.\\\" Milhouse's uncle Zack resembles Indiana Jones and when he flies Milhouse home, music similar to \\\"The Raiders March\\\" from the Indiana Jones film \\\"Raiders of the Lost Ark\\\" is heard. Milhouse's somber ensemble is similar to James\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10431207\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"is still alive and has made her way to Guatemala with her captor, known simply as the \\\"Butcher of the Balkans\\\". Although Annie wants to be let go, the Butcher tells her that he neither will let her go nor kill her—for fear of being captured and because he will not kill a child despite his many political killings—and adds that she has a new life now with him. The final panel of the strip reads \\\"And this is where we leave our Annie. For Now—\\\". Since the cancellation, rerun strips have been running on the GoComics site. In 2013,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393877\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\",\n \"text\": \"Deal for Christmas\\\", and a reprise of \\\"Tomorrow.\\\" Generally favorably received, the production earned two Emmy Awards and George Foster Peabody Award. The 2014 film \\\"Annie\\\" was produced by Jay-Z and Will Smith. It starred Quvenzhané Wallis in the title role and Jamie Foxx in the role of Will Stacks (an update of Daddy Warbucks). It was released on December 19, 2014. Between 1936 and October 17, 1959, the comic strip \\\"Belinda Blue-Eyes\\\" (later shortened to \\\"Belinda\\\") ran in the United Kingdom in the \\\"Daily Mirror\\\". Writers Bill Connor and Don Freeman and artists Stephen Dowling and Tony Royle all\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1393888\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Orphan Muses\",\n \"text\": \"Editing and Best Original Music. It won the Jutra for Best Original Music. The Orphan Muses The Orphan Muses () is a Canadian drama film, directed by Robert Favreau and released in 2000. An adaptation of the play by Michel Marc Bouchard, the film stars Marina Orsini, Céline Bonnier, Stéphane Demers and Fanny Mallette as a group of adult siblings dealing with the revelation of a longtime family secret. The Tanguay siblings grew up as orphans, after their father died and their mother (Louise Portal) ran off with her new lover. Although older siblings Catherine (Orsini), Martine (Bonnier) and Luc\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20611202\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Orphan Black: Sarah\",\n \"text\": \"as being \\\"pretty simple and in many ways unremarkable\\\" with \\\"a little too much reliance on computer graphics to fill in details.\\\" She summarized the entire comic book as \\\"a little disappointing.\\\" Orphan Black was the best-selling comic book of February 2015, selling just under half a million units. The issue's February success has been attributed to its inclusion as an exclusive edition in Loot Crate's March box, as well as the wide variety of variant covers that were available for purchase. \\\"Orphan Black: Sarah\\\" offers eight different covers illustrated by Cat Staggs and an additional retailer incentive cover illustrated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18627279\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Orphan Black: Sarah\",\n \"text\": \"and all variants were available for purchase through IDW Publishing online and in comic book stores starting February 25, 2015. Orphan Black: Sarah Orphan Black: Sarah is the first issue of the \\\"Orphan Black\\\" limited series based on the television series of the same name. The issue was written by show creators John Fawcett and Graeme Manson, with Jody Houser serving as co-writer; Szymon Kudranski provided the artwork for the issue. Issue #1 features the clone Sarah as she discovers the existence of several of her genetic identicals. This first installment in the comic book miniseries was released on February\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18627281\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan\",\n \"text\": \"Little Orphan Little Orphan is a rock hill in middle of Yangtze River, located on Susong, Anqing, Anhui province in East China. It is a landmark that frequently written and photographed by many Western travelers along the Yangtze in the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. It formed during the quaternary glaciation. The mountain is 78 meters above sea level. During the dry season, it would connect with the north bank of the Yangtze and become a peninsula. There is a Buddhist monastery (also a Mazu temple) on the mountainside and a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20545940\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Orphan virus\",\n \"text\": \"them are associated with severe diseases, the name ECHO still continues to be used. Orphan virus An orphan virus is a virus that is not associated with a disease but may possess pathogenicity. Some orphan viruses include adeno-associated virus (Parvoviridae), human herpesvirus 7 (Herpesviridae), human foamy virus (Retroviridae), Human Reovirus (Reoviridae), hepatitis G (Flaviviridae), and TT virus (Circoviridae). Gilbert Dalldorf, a pathologist who showed that Coxsackie viruses paralyze mice but not humans, indicated that the term ‘orphan’ was created \\\"in a moment of conviviality\\\" by a group of virologists. Many enteroviruses are referred to as ECHO, enteric cytopathic human orphan\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17645234\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Annie Fanny\",\n \"text\": \"series \\\"reads today as an amusing look at the evolving mores of the sexual revolution\\\". Comics editor Monte Beauchamp said that \\\"Little Annie Fanny\\\" was \\\"the most elaborate comic strip ever created\\\" and cartoonist-critic R. C. Harvey called it \\\"a masterpiece ... the most lavish color comic strip of all time\\\". Not all were as impressed. Noting that Kurtzman was financially strapped before making his living for twenty-six years from \\\"Playboy\\\", historian Paul Buhle wrote: \\\"The strip had many brilliant early moments, but went downhill as the writer and artist bent to editor Hugh Hefner's demands for as much titillation\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5182597\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Orphan works in the United States\",\n \"text\": \"office, based on open forums from the public to collect input. In it, the Copyright Office states that new legislation is desperately needed to address the orphan works problem. The report proposed that if a nonprofit organization such as a library used an orphan work and the copyright owner came forward, then the library would be exempt from huge copyright infringement fines as long as it stopped using the orphan work right away. Commercial uses of an orphan work in which the owner came forward would only be charged a \\\"reasonable compensation\\\" of the profits, and use of the work\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14423827\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Comic strip formats\",\n \"text\": \"below) to allow them to be cut up and displayed on a varied number of tiers. Full page is a format roughly 20 inches high and 14 inches wide. The \\\"Reading Eagle\\\" Sunday comics section is full-page size, though today no individual strips are still printed to take up a full page. When Sunday strips first appeared in newspapers, near the beginning of the 20th century, they were usually in the full-page size. Leading full-page Sundays included \\\"Thimble Theater\\\", \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\", \\\"Dick Tracy\\\" and \\\"Bringing Up Father\\\". Many full-page comic strips had a topper, a small strip that ran\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9159215\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["otto","oddo"],"string":"[\n \"otto\",\n \"oddo\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":286,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what pulitzer prize-winning novelist worked as a hod carrier, wheeling 100-pound barrows of concrete along scaffolding, during construction of new york's madison square garden in the 1920s?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Madison Square Garden Company","text":"Dolan is said to be trying to avoid being deposed in the case. In December 2018, the Los Angeles Clippers countersued the Madison Square Garden Company alleging that they are trying to prevent competition from a new arena by trying to stop its construction. Madison Square Garden Company The Madison Square Garden Company is an American sports and entertainment holding company based in New York City. The company was established in 2010 when Cablevision spun off the New York Knicks, New York Rangers, Madison Square Garden, MSG Network and other entertainment assets as an independent, publicly traded company. On May","psg_id":"11016121"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden (1890)","text":"importance to the New York cultural scene in the early 20th century, Madison Square Garden II was never any more of a financial success than the original Garden was, and the New York Life Insurance Company, which held the mortgage on it, decided to tear it down to make way for a new headquarters building, which would become the landmark Cass Gilbert-designed New York Life Building. Construction on the new building began in 1926, and was completed in 1928. Madison Square Garden (1890) Madison Square Garden (1890-1926) was an indoor arena in New York City, the second by that name,","psg_id":"13293049"},{"title":"Michael Bublé Meets Madison Square Garden","text":"Michael Bublé Meets Madison Square Garden Michael Bublé Meets Madison Square Garden is the Grammy award-winning third live album released by Canadian singer Michael Bublé. The album features an Audio CD and Live DVD, in the fashion of all of Buble's live albums. The DVD follows the lead-up to what is described as one of the biggest shows of Bublé's career, to be performed at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Bublé visits the Blue Note Club, where he first performed in New York City over six years prior. There is also backstage footage at the Gardens, and footage","psg_id":"13348279"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden Company","text":"Madison Square Garden Company The Madison Square Garden Company is an American sports and entertainment holding company based in New York City. The company was established in 2010 when Cablevision spun off the New York Knicks, New York Rangers, Madison Square Garden, MSG Network and other entertainment assets as an independent, publicly traded company. On May 31, 1923, Tex Rickard incorporated the New Madison Square Garden Corporation for the purpose of building and operating the third Madison Square Garden. On January 15, 1925, shortly after the Garden opened, the corporation's name was changed to the Madison Square Garden Corporation. On","psg_id":"11016113"},{"title":"Michael Bublé Meets Madison Square Garden","text":"live performances, backstage footage, and exclusive images. The Fan Edition includes performances of \"Stardust\" and \"You're Nobody Till Somebody Loves You\". Michael Bublé Meets Madison Square Garden Michael Bublé Meets Madison Square Garden is the Grammy award-winning third live album released by Canadian singer Michael Bublé. The album features an Audio CD and Live DVD, in the fashion of all of Buble's live albums. The DVD follows the lead-up to what is described as one of the biggest shows of Bublé's career, to be performed at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Bublé visits the Blue Note Club, where","psg_id":"13348281"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden","text":"Square Garden to be moved, following the 2014 MAS Summit in New York City. More plans for the station were discussed. Then, in January 2016, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo announced a redevelopment plan for Penn Station that would involve the removal of The Theater at Madison Square Garden, but would otherwise leave the arena intact. Madison Square Garden hosts approximately 320 events a year. It is the home to the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League, and the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association. The New York Rangers, New York Knicks, and the Madison Square","psg_id":"818929"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden","text":"Madison Square Garden Madison Square Garden, colloquially known as The Garden or in initials as MSG, is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the New York City borough of Manhattan. Located in Midtown Manhattan between 7th and 8th Avenues from 31st to 33rd Streets, it is situated atop Pennsylvania Station. It is the fourth venue to bear the name \"Madison Square Garden\"; the first two (1879 and 1890) were located on Madison Square, on East 26th Street and Madison Avenue, with the third Madison Square Garden (1925) further uptown at Eighth Avenue and 50th Street. The Garden is used for professional","psg_id":"818909"},{"title":"As Recorded at Madison Square Garden","text":"high-resolution remastering of the concert in 24-bit/96 kHz. As Recorded at Madison Square Garden Elvis: As Recorded at Madison Square Garden is a live album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released in June 1972 by RCA Records. It peaked on the Top 200 US Billboard albums chart on August 26, 1972. Recorded at the Madison Square Garden arena in New York City on Saturday June 10, 1972, the concert, and the subsequent album, were promoted as being Presley's first live concerts in the Big Apple since the 1950s. The album was certified Gold on August 4, 1972, Platinum","psg_id":"9324271"},{"title":"As Recorded at Madison Square Garden","text":"As Recorded at Madison Square Garden Elvis: As Recorded at Madison Square Garden is a live album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released in June 1972 by RCA Records. It peaked on the Top 200 US Billboard albums chart on August 26, 1972. Recorded at the Madison Square Garden arena in New York City on Saturday June 10, 1972, the concert, and the subsequent album, were promoted as being Presley's first live concerts in the Big Apple since the 1950s. The album was certified Gold on August 4, 1972, Platinum on May 20, 1988, 2x Platinum on March","psg_id":"9324268"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden","text":"and New Jersey Transit, as well as Amtrak. The Garden is also accessible via the New York City Subway. The stop at 8th Avenue and the at 7th Avenue in Penn Station. The Garden can also be reached from nearby Herald Square with the at the 34th Street – Herald Square station as well as PATH train service from the 33rd Street station. Madison Square Garden Madison Square Garden, colloquially known as The Garden or in initials as MSG, is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the New York City borough of Manhattan. Located in Midtown Manhattan between 7th and 8th","psg_id":"818949"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden","text":"in the city and a roof garden cabaret. The building cost $3 million. Madison Square Garden II was unsuccessful like the first Garden, and the New York Life Insurance Company, which held the mortgage on it, decided to tear it down in 1925 to make way for a new headquarters building, which would become the landmark Cass Gilbert-designed New York Life Building. A third Madison Square Garden opened in a new location, on 8th Avenue between 49th and 50th Streets, from 1925 to 1968. Groundbreaking on the third Madison Square Garden took place on January 9, 1925. Designed by the","psg_id":"818914"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden (1925)","text":"upper portions of the Garden. In its history, Madison Square Garden III was managed by Rickard, John S. Hammond, William F. Carey, General John Reed Kilpatrick, Ned Irish and Irving Mitchell Felt. It was eventually replaced by the current Madison Square Garden. Boxing was Madison Square Garden III's principal claim to fame. The first bout took place on December 8, 1925, a week before the arena's official opening. On January 17, 1941, 23,190 people witnessed Fritzie Zivic's successful welterweight title defense against Henry Armstrong, still the largest crowd for any of the Gardens. The New York Rangers, owned by the","psg_id":"13293022"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden Bowl","text":"Carnera also captured the heavyweight crown in the 1930s at the Madison Square Garden Bowl. It was known as the \"Jinx Bowl\" because no titleholder ever successfully defended his title there. The bowl was torn down during World War II to make way for a US Army Mail Depot. It, in turn, was torn down and the area is now home to a Major World used car dealership and strip mall. Madison Square Garden Bowl Madison Square Garden Bowl was the name of an outdoor arena in the New York City borough of Queens. Built in 1932, the arena hosted","psg_id":"7731082"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden Company","text":"Square Garden Corporation became a charter member of the National Basketball Association with the New York Knicks. On August 17, 2016, MSG acquired a 12% stake in digital media, broadcasting, and events company Townsquare Media from GE Capital. On July 31, 2017, MSG acquired a controlling stake in professional video gaming team Counter Logic Gaming. In addition to owning the Madison Square Garden arena in Manhattan, New York City, The Madison Square Garden Company is divided into two entities. Madison Square Garden, L.P. used to operate the Hartford Civic Center (now the XL Center), an indoor arena in Hartford, Connecticut,","psg_id":"11016117"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden (1879)","text":"Madison Square Garden (1879) Madison Square Garden (1879-1890) was an arena in New York City at the northeast corner of East 26th Street and Madison Avenue in Manhattan. The first venue to use that name, it seated 10,000 spectators. It was replaced with a new building on the same site. The site upon which Madison Square Garden was eventually established was originally occupied by a small passenger depot of the New York and Harlem Railroad. The site was vacated by the railroad in 1871 when it moved operations uptown to 42nd Street. The site was vacant until 1874 when it","psg_id":"13293052"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden (1879)","text":"Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, James Stillman and W. W. Astor, who closed it to build a new arena designed by noted architect Stanford White. Demolition began in July 1889, and the second Madison Square Garden, which cost more than a half-million dollars to build, opened on June 6, 1890. It was demolished in 1926, and the New York Life Building, designed by Cass Gilbert and completed in 1928, replaced it on the site. Madison Square Garden (1879) Madison Square Garden (1879-1890) was an arena in New York City at the northeast corner of East 26th Street and Madison Avenue in Manhattan.","psg_id":"13293057"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden (1925)","text":"Madison Square Garden (1925) Madison Square Garden (MSG III) was an indoor arena in New York City, the third bearing that name. It was built in 1925 and closed in 1968, and was located on Eighth Avenue between 49th and 50th Streets in Manhattan, on the site of the city's trolley-car barns. It was on the west side of Eighth Avenue. It was the first Garden that was not located near Madison Square. MSG III was the home of the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League and the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association, and also","psg_id":"13293019"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden Company","text":"a new West Side Stadium be built for the New York Jets. The stadium would have directly competed with the then-Cablevision owned Madison Square Garden. Cablevision ran TV ads rallying against the proposed stadium which ultimately resulted in the state of New York rejecting the proposal. The rejection of the proposal meant that Madison Square Garden would not have a nearby venue competing for concert revenue. The rejection of the venue also had a negative impact on New York's bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics, which was ultimately defeated by London. In 2018, the Madison Square Garden Company was behind","psg_id":"11016119"},{"title":"The Long Goodbye: LCD Soundsystem Live at Madison Square Garden","text":"Soundsystem Additional musicians Production The Long Goodbye: LCD Soundsystem Live at Madison Square Garden The Long Goodbye: LCD Soundsystem Live at Madison Square Garden (stylized as the long goodbye (lcd soundsystem live at madison square garden)) is a live album by the New York City dance-punk band LCD Soundsystem. It is a near-unedited live record, comprising what was billed at the time as their \"final\" show, held at Madison Square Garden in 2011. Like the show, the record runs approximately three hours and presents 28 songs divided into five LPs. The record follows the live in studio record \"London Sessions\",","psg_id":"18036942"},{"title":"The Long Goodbye: LCD Soundsystem Live at Madison Square Garden","text":"The Long Goodbye: LCD Soundsystem Live at Madison Square Garden The Long Goodbye: LCD Soundsystem Live at Madison Square Garden (stylized as the long goodbye (lcd soundsystem live at madison square garden)) is a live album by the New York City dance-punk band LCD Soundsystem. It is a near-unedited live record, comprising what was billed at the time as their \"final\" show, held at Madison Square Garden in 2011. Like the show, the record runs approximately three hours and presents 28 songs divided into five LPs. The record follows the live in studio record \"London Sessions\", also from 2011. LCD","psg_id":"18036941"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden Company","text":"and Rentschler Field (now the name of the playing surface at Pratt & Whitney Stadium), a stadium in East Hartford, under contract with the state of Connecticut until the 2007 season when it was replaced by Northland/Anschutz Entertainment Group. On several occasion, the Madison Square Garden Company has generated controversy in regard to how they approach their competition. On two separate occasions they made attempts to block the construction of competing venues in the New York and Los Angeles markets. Before the Madison Square Garden Company was formed, it's businesses were part of Cablevision. In 2005, it was proposed that","psg_id":"11016118"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden","text":"home of the Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus and Disney on Ice; all four events are now held at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn. It served the New York Cosmos for half of their home games during the 1983–84 NASL Indoor season. Many of boxing's biggest fights were held at Madison Square Garden, including the Roberto Durán–Ken Buchanan affair, and the first Muhammad Ali – Joe Frazier bout. Before promoters such as Don King and Bob Arum moved boxing to Las Vegas, Nevada Madison Square Garden was considered the mecca of boxing. The original ring, which was brought","psg_id":"818931"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden Towers","text":"Madison Square Garden Towers The Madison Square Garden Towers were the name of proposed twin residential skyscrapers that were to be constructed north of Madison Square Garden in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The project featured a complex of seven buildings, including a stadium and a new Penn Station. The cost of the project was US$14 billion. The architects Norman Foster and David Childs, and the architectural firm Skidmore, Owings and Merrill were designing the project. The owners were Stephen Ross of Related Cos. and Steven Roth of Vornado Realty Trust. The towers would have risen to be two of","psg_id":"11422233"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden","text":"the leadership of Bishop F.D. Washington used Madison Square Garden for its Annual Holy Convocation. The New York Police Academy, Baruch College/CUNY and Yeshiva University also hold their annual graduation ceremonies at Madison Square Garden. It hosted the Grammy Awards in 1972, 1997, 2003 and 2018 (which are normally held in Los Angeles) as well as the Latin Grammy Awards of 2006. The group and Best in Show competitions of the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show are held every February for two days at MSG. The Garden hosted the Stanley Cup Finals and NBA Finals simultaneously on two occasions: in","psg_id":"818941"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden (1890)","text":"Madison Square Garden (1890) Madison Square Garden (1890-1926) was an indoor arena in New York City, the second by that name, and the second to be located at 26th Street and Madison Avenue in Manhattan. Opened in 1890 at the cost of about $500,000, it replaced the first Madison Square Garden, and hosted numerous events, including boxing matches, orchestral performances, light operas and romantic comedies, the annual French Ball, both the Barnum and the Ringling circuses, and the 1924 Democratic National Convention, which nominated John W. Davis after 103 ballots. The building closed in 1925, and was replaced by the","psg_id":"13293039"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden Company","text":"a lawsuit against the city of Inglewood in an attempt to stop the construction of a new basketball arena for the Los Angeles Clippers. The new arena would compete directly with The Forum which is owned by The Madison Square Garden Company. Another lawsuit from a local community group was filed to block the construction of the venue in June 2018. Inglewood mayor James Butts suggested that the lawsuit was brought about by \"business interests from out-of-state\", suggesting that the Madison Square Garden Company were using this group to ensure that they don't have a competing arena near by. James","psg_id":"11016120"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden","text":"high-rise commercial buildings, and build a new Garden one block away at the site of the James Farley Post Office. Meanwhile, a new project to renovate and modernize the Garden completed phase one in time for the Rangers and Knicks' 2011–12 seasons, though the vice president of the Garden says he remains committed to the installation of an extension of Penn Station at the Farley Post Office site. While the Knicks and Rangers were not displaced, the New York Liberty played at the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey during the renovation. Madison Square Garden is the last of the","psg_id":"818919"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden","text":"of 5th Avenue and Broadway at 23rd Street in Manhattan. It was named after James Madison, fourth President of the United States. Two venues called Madison Square Garden were located just northeast of the square, the first from 1879 to 1890, and the second from 1890 to 1925. The first Garden, leased to P. T. Barnum, had no roof and was inconvenient to use during inclement weather, so it was demolished after 11 years. Madison Square Garden II was designed by noted architect Stanford White. The new building was built by a syndicate which included J. P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie,","psg_id":"818912"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden Company","text":"assets. In September 2018, Madison Square Garden began work on a spherical music venue in Las Vegas, called MSG Sphere Las Vegas, planned to open in 2021. Earlier in the year, MSG announced plans to build MSG Sphere London, near the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in Stratford. Both venues are designed by Populous architects and are supposed to incorporate highly advanced audio and visual technologies. Following the success of the New York Americans, the Madison Square Garden Corporation established the New York Rangers, which began play in 1926. In 1946, at the behest of vice president Ned Irish, the Madison","psg_id":"11016116"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden","text":"pool, and restaurants; Madison Square Garden would be moved two blocks west, next to the post office. DS+F also proposed high-tech features in the station, such as train arrival and departure boards on the floor, and apps that would inform waiting passengers of ways to occupy their time until they board their trains. Madison Square Garden rejected the notion that it would be relocated, and called the plans \"pie-in-the-sky\". In June 2013, the New York City Council Committee on Land Use voted unanimously to give the Garden a ten-year permit, at the end of which period the owners will either","psg_id":"818927"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden (1925)","text":"Square Garden was torn down, there was a proposal to build the world's tallest building on the site, prompting a major battle in the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood where it was located. Ultimately, the debate resulted in strict height restrictions in the area. The space remained a parking lot until 1989 when Worldwide Plaza, designed by David Childs of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, opened on the site of the old Garden and French Polyclinic Hospital across the street. Madison Square Garden (1925) Madison Square Garden (MSG III) was an indoor arena in New York City, the third bearing that name. It","psg_id":"13293032"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden","text":"have to relocate, or go back through the permission process. On July 24, the City Council voted to give the Garden a 10-year operating permit by a vote of 47 to 1. \"This is the first step in finding a new home for Madison Square Garden and building a new Penn Station that is as great as New York and suitable for the 21st century\", said City Council speaker Christine Quinn. \"This is an opportunity to reimagine and redevelop Penn Station as a world-class transportation destination.\" In October 2014, the Morgan facility was selected as the ideal area for Madison","psg_id":"818928"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden (1925)","text":"featuring a mix of local and national schools. MSG III began hosting the National Invitation Tournament annually in 1938, and hosted seven NCAA men's basketball championship finals between 1943 and 1950. On February 28, 1940, Madison Square Garden hosted the first televised basketball games in a Fordham-Pitt and Georgetown-NYU doubleheader. A point shaving scandal involving games played at the Garden led the NCAA to reduce its use of the Garden, and caused some schools, including 1950 NCAA and NIT Champion City College of New York (CCNY), to be banned from playing at the Garden. Capitol Wrestling Corporation—along with its successor,","psg_id":"13293027"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden (1879)","text":"one of the biggest sports in the country. \"[T]he top riders [were] among the sports stars of their day. The bike races at Madison Square Garden were all the rage around the turn of the 20th century.\" Madison Square Garden was the most important bicycle racing track in the United States and the Olympic discipline known as the Madison is named after the original Garden. However, the roofless Garden was hot in the summertime and freezing in the wintertime. Vanderbilt eventually sold what \"Harper's Weekly\" called his \"patched-up, grimy, drafty, combustible old shell\" to a syndicate that included J. P.","psg_id":"13293056"},{"title":"2018 Pulitzer Prize","text":"2018 Pulitzer Prize The 2018 Pulitzer Prizes were awarded by the Pulitzer Prize Board for work during the 2017 calendar year. Prize winners and nominated finalists were announced by Dana Canedy at 3:00 p.m. EST on April 16, 2018. \"The New York Times\" won the most awards of any newspaper, with three, bringing its total to one hundred and twenty-five Pulitzer Prizes. \"The Washington Post\" won Investigative Reporting and National Reporting, the latter of which was shared with the \"New York Times\". \"The New York Times\" and \"The New Yorker\" won the prize in public service, bringing their totals to","psg_id":"20675939"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden","text":"begin on the new upper bowl, which was completed in time for the 2012–2013 NBA season and the 2012–13 NHL lockout-shortened NHL season. This advance work included the West Balcony on the 10th floor, taking the place of sky-boxes, and new end-ice 300 level seating. The construction of the upper bowl along with the Madison Suites and the Madison Club (Phase 2) were completed for the 2012–2013 NHL and NBA seasons. The construction of the new lobby known as Chase Square, along with the Chase Bridges and the new scoreboard (Phase 3) were completed for the 2013–2014 NHL and NBA","psg_id":"818923"},{"title":"Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New York City (1854)","text":"used towards the construction of a new church. Once the new church was completed the old building was demolished and became the site of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower, a 48-story building completed in 1909, which was the world's tallest building for three years, until 1913, when it was surpassed by the Woolworth Building. Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New York City (1854) Madison Square Presbyterian Church was a Presbyterian church in Manhattan, New York City, located on Madison Square Park at the southeast corner of East 24th Street and Madison Avenue. Construction on the church began in 1853 and","psg_id":"14341465"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden","text":"Square Garden Company responded by saying that \"[i]t is incongruous to think that M.S.G. would be considering moving.\" In May 2013, four architecture firms – SHoP Architects, SOM, H3 Hardy Collaboration Architecture, and Diller Scofidio + Renfro – submitted proposals for a new Penn Station. SHoP Architects recommended moving Madison Square Garden to the Morgan Postal Facility a few blocks southwest, as well as removing 2 Penn Plaza and redeveloping other towers, and an extension of the High Line to Penn Station. Meanwhile, SOM proposed moving Madison Square Garden to the area just south of the James Farley Post Office,","psg_id":"818925"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden Bowl","text":"Madison Square Garden Bowl Madison Square Garden Bowl was the name of an outdoor arena in the New York City borough of Queens. Built in 1932, the arena hosted circuses and boxing matches. Its seating capacity was 72,000 spectators on wood bleachers. It was located at 48th Street and Northern Boulevard in Long Island City. This was the site where James J. Braddock defeated Max Baer for the World Heavyweight title on June 13, 1935 that was dramatized in the film \"Cinderella Man\". Braddock's first comeback fight against John \"Corn\" Griffin was also in the venue. Jack Sharkey and Primo","psg_id":"7731081"},{"title":"2017 Pulitzer Prize","text":"2017 Pulitzer Prize The 2017 Pulitzer Prizes were awarded by the Pulitzer Prize Board for work during the 2016 calendar year. Prize winners and nominated finalists were announced by Mike Pride at 3:00 p.m. EST April 10, 2017. \"The New York Times\" won the most awards of any newspaper, with three, bringing its total to one hundred twelve Pulitzer Prizes. The McClatchy Company, \"Miami Herald\", and International Consortium of Investigative Journalists won Investigative reporting, leaving them with a total of fifty-four, twenty-two, and one respectively. The \"New York Daily News\" and ProPublica won the prize in public service, bringing their","psg_id":"20097057"},{"title":"Elton 60 – Live at Madison Square Garden","text":"Elton 60 – Live at Madison Square Garden Elton 60 – Live at Madison Square Garden is a 2-disc DVD release, starring Elton John performing some of his biggest hits and even several fan favourites. The release features appearances onstage by comedians Robin Williams and Whoopi Goldberg, as well as special remarks to the audience by lyricist Bernie Taupin. The concert was recorded on Elton's 60th birthday, 25 March 2007, and coincides with his record-setting 60th concert at Madison Square Garden in New York City. In addition to his regular band, The Brooklyn Youth Chorus also performs on several songs.","psg_id":"10957956"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden","text":"1972 and 1994. MSG has hosted the following All-Star Games: In 1985, the Garden hosted the inaugural WrestleMania presented by the World Wrestling Federation. In 1988 it hosted the WWF's inaugural SummerSlam PPV. New Japan Pro-Wrestling and Ring of Honor will host their G1 Supercard at the venue on April 6, 2019 which sold out in 19 minutes after the tickets went on sale. UFC held its first event in New York State, UFC 205, at Madison Square Garden on November 12, 2016. This was the first event the organization held after New York State lifted the ban on mixed","psg_id":"818942"},{"title":"Aziz Ansari: Live at Madison Square Garden","text":"Aziz Ansari: Live at Madison Square Garden Aziz Ansari: Live at Madison Square Garden is a 2015 American stand-up comedy film starring, written, directed and produced by Aziz Ansari. It was shot at Madison Square Garden in New York City in October 2014. Topics up for discussion include misogyny, Internet cruelty, factory farming and how modern technology has destroyed our ability to truly connect with one another The performance was recorded in October 2014. Ansari used the theme from \"For a Few Dollars More\" by Ennio Morricone as his entrance music. He chose this, and a series of images on","psg_id":"18660484"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden Towers","text":"the tallest structures in the Midtown Manhattan skyline, with one rising higher than the Empire State Building, currently one of New York's tallest buildings at 1,250 feet (381 m) and would also have been higher than the roof, though not the spire, of One World Trade Center. The towers are essentially canceled as Madison Square Garden is going ahead with renovations of the current arena, rather than a relocation that would have made the towers possible. Madison Square Garden Towers The Madison Square Garden Towers were the name of proposed twin residential skyscrapers that were to be constructed north of","psg_id":"11422234"},{"title":"1936 Madison Square Garden speech","text":"speech \"one of the great political speeches in American history.\" Political analysts have compared the straightforwardness of Roosevelt's rhetoric, such as the \"I welcome their hatred\" comment, with the relative timidity of later politicians, such as Barack Obama; psychologist Drew Westen made such an argument in \"The New York Times\". Historians, however, have pointed out that Roosevelt delivered the speech in much more favorable political conditions than later politicians have had to face. 1936 Madison Square Garden speech The 1936 Madison Square Garden speech was a speech given by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt on October 31, 1936, three days","psg_id":"17853060"},{"title":"2010 Pulitzer Prize","text":"2010 Pulitzer Prize The 2010 Pulitzer Prizes were awarded on Monday, April 12, 2010. In journalism, \"The Washington Post\" won four awards while \"The New York Times\" won three. For the first time, an online source, \"ProPublica\", won in what had previously been the sole province of print. A musical, \"Next to Normal\", won the Drama award for the first time in 14 years. Country singer-songwriter Hank Williams, who died at age 29 in 1953, received a special citation. Below, the winner(s) in each category are listed. Hank Williams \"for his craftsmanship as a songwriter who expressed universal feelings with","psg_id":"14469047"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden","text":"Garden arena itself are all owned by the Madison Square Garden Company. The arena is also host to the Big East Men's Basketball Tournament and the finals of the National Invitation Tournament. It also hosts selected home games for the St. John's men's Red Storm (college basketball), the Millrose Games track and field meet, and almost any other kind of indoor activity that draws large audiences, such as the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show and the 2004 Republican National Convention. The Garden was home of the NBA Draft and NIT Season Tip-Off, as well as the former New York City","psg_id":"818930"},{"title":"Phish: New Year's Eve 1995 – Live at Madison Square Garden","text":"Phish: New Year's Eve 1995 – Live at Madison Square Garden New Year's Eve 1995 - Live at Madison Square Garden is a live concert album by American rock band Phish that was released in 2005. The album comprises the band's December 31, 1995 show at Madison Square Garden, named by \"Rolling Stone\" as one of the \"Greatest Concerts of the '90s\". Fans consider it one of Phish's best shows and the band considers it one of their top five concerts. Following this 1995 show, Phish established a tradition of performing multi-night New Year's shows at Madison Square Garden. The","psg_id":"6731043"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden (1925)","text":"in the Garden, and not taken on the road with the traveling circus, involved Blinc Candlin, a Hudson, New York fireman, who rode his antique 1880s high-wheel bicycle on the high wire every season for over two decades beginning in the 1910s and running well through the 1930s. The Garden continued to host The Westminster Kennel Club's annual dog show. This championship is the second longest continuously running U.S. sporting event (behind only the Kentucky Derby). Demolition commenced in 1968 after the opening of the fourth and current Madison Square Garden. It finished in early 1969. When the third Madison","psg_id":"13293031"},{"title":"Multishow ao Vivo: Ivete Sangalo no Madison Square Garden","text":"Multishow ao Vivo: Ivete Sangalo no Madison Square Garden Multishow ao Vivo: Ivete Sangalo no Madison Square Garden is the eleventh album by the Brazilian recording artist Ivete Sangalo, released on December 7, 2010. The album was recorded during a single concert performed on September 4, 2010, at Madison Square Garden in New York. It's the fourth digital video disc from the singer and its first international release. The disc sold over 300,000 copies only on its pre-sale, which earned her a certified Triple Platinum and Gold Record by ABPD. The album featured many singers, both domestic and international, such","psg_id":"15143682"},{"title":"2011 Pulitzer Prize","text":"2011 Pulitzer Prize The 2011 Pulitzer Prizes were announced on Monday, April 18, 2011. \"The Los Angeles Times\" won two prizes, including the highest honor for Public Service. \"The New York Times\" also won two awards. No prize was handed out in the Breaking News category. \"The Wall Street Journal\" won an award for the first time since 2007. Jennifer Egan's \"A Visit From the Goon Squad\" picked up the Fiction prize after already winning the 2010 National Book Critics Circle Award. Photographer Carol Guzy of \"The Washington Post\" became the first journalist to win four Pulitzer Prizes. In December","psg_id":"15522280"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden (1890)","text":"with permanent seating for 8,000 people and floor space for thousands more. It had a 1200-seat theatre, a concert hall with a capacity of 1500, the largest restaurant in the city and a roof garden cabaret. The final cost for the building, which the \"New York Times\" called \"one of the great institutions of the town, to be mentioned along with Central Park and the bridge of Brooklyn\" was $3 million. Topping the Garden's tower was a statue of Diana, by noted sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens, which caused Madison Square Park to become known as \"Diana's little wooded park\". The original","psg_id":"13293042"},{"title":"Aziz Ansari: Live at Madison Square Garden","text":"society's ills without ever growing strident.\" Audra Schroeder of \"The Daily Dot\" wrote, \"His elastic personality and trademark vocal stretches sustain the energy needed for a comic to command MSG.\" Aziz Ansari: Live at Madison Square Garden Aziz Ansari: Live at Madison Square Garden is a 2015 American stand-up comedy film starring, written, directed and produced by Aziz Ansari. It was shot at Madison Square Garden in New York City in October 2014. Topics up for discussion include misogyny, Internet cruelty, factory farming and how modern technology has destroyed our ability to truly connect with one another The performance was","psg_id":"18660488"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden Pro","text":"Madison Square Garden Pro The Madison Square Garden Pro was a men's tennis tournament open to professionals. It was held in 1954 and again between 1966 and 1969 and was played on indoor hard courts. The Madison Square Garden Pro first began in 1954 and served as the opening tournament of the 1954 World Pro Tour. The event was then not staged for a further twelve years when it was re-established in 1966. The 1968 and 1969 tournaments were part of a pro circuit in the open era of tennis. It ended as an open tournament called the Madison Square","psg_id":"14895749"},{"title":"Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden","text":"Johnny Cash Show\" was in production and a popular TV series; its weekly \"Come Along and Ride This Train\" segment is referenced in the introduction to \"As Long as the Grass Shall Grow.\" Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden is a 1969 recording of a Johnny Cash concert at Madison Square Garden. It was released in 2002. The album featured Cash and other musicians and singers including W.S. Holland, Marshall Grant, Bob Wootton, the Statler Brothers, Carl Perkins, Tommy Cash and the Carter Family. Noticeably absent from the show was Cash's wife June Carter","psg_id":"7020647"},{"title":"Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New York City (1854)","text":"Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New York City (1854) Madison Square Presbyterian Church was a Presbyterian church in Manhattan, New York City, located on Madison Square Park at the southeast corner of East 24th Street and Madison Avenue. Construction on the church began in 1853 and was completed in 1854. It was designed by Richard M. Upjohn, the son of noted architect Richard Upjohn, in the Gothic Revival architectural style. The congregation's original building was acquired by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company and was demolished in 1909 to make way for the 48-story Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower. In exchange, the","psg_id":"14341461"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden Pro","text":"Garden Championships. Madison Square Garden Pro The Madison Square Garden Pro was a men's tennis tournament open to professionals. It was held in 1954 and again between 1966 and 1969 and was played on indoor hard courts. The Madison Square Garden Pro first began in 1954 and served as the opening tournament of the 1954 World Pro Tour. The event was then not staged for a further twelve years when it was re-established in 1966. The 1968 and 1969 tournaments were part of a pro circuit in the open era of tennis. It ended as an open tournament called the","psg_id":"14895750"},{"title":"2017 Pulitzer Prize","text":"totals to eleven and four respectively. The \"East Bay Times\" won Breaking News Reporting, bringing its total to three prizes. The Salt Lake Tribune won its second Pulitzer. The Charleston Gazette-Mail won its first prize for the combined newspaper. 2017 Pulitzer Prize The 2017 Pulitzer Prizes were awarded by the Pulitzer Prize Board for work during the 2016 calendar year. Prize winners and nominated finalists were announced by Mike Pride at 3:00 p.m. EST April 10, 2017. \"The New York Times\" won the most awards of any newspaper, with three, bringing its total to one hundred twelve Pulitzer Prizes. The","psg_id":"20097058"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden (1925)","text":"& Argentina Rocca main event led to a race riot involving the largely Italian and Puerto Rican fans of Carpentier and Rocca. After the riot, New York City nearly banned professional wrestling and children under the age of 14 were prohibited from attending. From 1925 until 1961, Madison Square Garden hosted the Six Days of New York, an annual six-day racing event of track cycling. Upon its final running, it was the longest-running six days in the world with 73 editions. While the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus had debuted at the second Garden in 1919, the third","psg_id":"13293029"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden","text":"from the second and third generation of the Garden, was officially retired on September 19, 2007, and donated to the International Boxing Hall of Fame after 82 years of service. A ring replaced it beginning on October 6 of that same year. Madison Square Garden has been considered the mecca for professional wrestling and the home of World Wrestling Entertainment (formerly WWF and WWWF). The Garden has hosted three WrestleManias, more than any other arena, including the first edition of the annual marquee event for WWE, as well as the 10th and 20th editions. Madison Square Garden hosts more high-profile","psg_id":"818932"},{"title":"Phish: New Year's Eve 1995 – Live at Madison Square Garden","text":"be released for Record Store Day 2015 as the band's first live vinyl box set. Phish Phish: New Year's Eve 1995 – Live at Madison Square Garden New Year's Eve 1995 - Live at Madison Square Garden is a live concert album by American rock band Phish that was released in 2005. The album comprises the band's December 31, 1995 show at Madison Square Garden, named by \"Rolling Stone\" as one of the \"Greatest Concerts of the '90s\". Fans consider it one of Phish's best shows and the band considers it one of their top five concerts. Following this 1995","psg_id":"6731045"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden","text":"Chase Bridge. The Hulu Theater at Madison Square Garden seats between 2,000 and 5,600 for concerts and can also be used for meetings, stage shows, and graduation ceremonies. It was the home of the NFL Draft until 2005, when it moved to the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center after MSG management opposed a new stadium for the New York Jets. It also hosted the NBA Draft from 2001 to 2010. The theater also occasionally hosts boxing matches on nights when the main arena is unavailable. The fall 1999 \"Jeopardy!\" Teen Tournament as well as a \"Celebrity Jeopardy!\" competition were held","psg_id":"818947"},{"title":"Lady Gaga Presents the Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square Garden","text":"Lady Gaga Presents the Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square Garden Lady Gaga Presents the Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square Garden is a 2011 concert special which documents the February 21 and 22, 2011 shows of American pop singer Lady Gaga's worldwide concert tour, The Monster Ball Tour. Filmed at Madison Square Garden in Gaga's hometown of New York City, the two-hour special was directed by the singer's choreographer Laurieann Gibson and produced by HBO. It was first broadcast on the channel on May 7, 2011, a day after Gaga's last date of The Monster Ball Tour. The special","psg_id":"15601416"},{"title":"1936 Madison Square Garden speech","text":"1936 Madison Square Garden speech The 1936 Madison Square Garden speech was a speech given by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt on October 31, 1936, three days before that year's presidential election. In the speech, Roosevelt pledged to continue the New Deal and criticized those who, in his view, were putting personal gain and politics over national economic recovery from the Great Depression. The speech was Roosevelt's last campaign speech before the election. Roosevelt had to wait around 15 minutes for the enthusiastic crowd at Madison Square Garden to calm down before commencing his speech. Most of the speech outlined","psg_id":"17853056"},{"title":"Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden","text":"Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden is a 1969 recording of a Johnny Cash concert at Madison Square Garden. It was released in 2002. The album featured Cash and other musicians and singers including W.S. Holland, Marshall Grant, Bob Wootton, the Statler Brothers, Carl Perkins, Tommy Cash and the Carter Family. Noticeably absent from the show was Cash's wife June Carter Cash, who was home pregnant with their son John Carter Cash, a fact referenced during the recording. As with most Cash shows, the genres covered ran the gamut from country music to rockabilly","psg_id":"7020645"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden (1890)","text":"the original. This is now at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, and a copy is in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Saint-Gaudens made several smaller variants in bronze, one of which was on display in the entryway of both Madison Square Garden III, built in 1925, and the current Madison Square Garden. The opening of the new arena was attended by over 17,000 people – who paid up to $50 for tickets to the event – including J.P. Morgan, the Pierponts, the Whitneys and General William Tecumseh Sherman. In 1902 and 1903, the Garden hosted the World Series of Football,","psg_id":"13293044"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden","text":"Concourse, remains on the 6th floor. The upper bowl concourse was relocated to the 8th floor and it is known as the Garden Concourse. The 7th floor houses the new Madison Suites and the Madison Club. The upper bowl was built on top of these suites. The rebuilt concourses are wider than their predecessors, and include large windows that offer views of the city streets around the Garden. Construction of the lower bowl (Phase 1) was completed for the 2011–2012 NHL season and the 2011–12 NBA lockout shortened season. An extended off-season for the Garden permitted some advanced work to","psg_id":"818922"},{"title":"Pulitzer Prize","text":"Francis Lee found \"that only 27% of Pulitzer winners since 1991 were females, while newsrooms are about 33% female.\" The researchers concluded female winners were more likely to have traditional academic experience, such as attendance at Ivy League schools, metropolitan upbringing, or employment with an elite publication such as the \"New York Times\". The findings suggest a higher level of training and connectedness are required for a female applicant to be awarded the prize, compared to male counterparts. Pulitzer Prize The Pulitzer Prize is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine and online journalism, literature, and musical composition in the","psg_id":"329313"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden (film)","text":"sets up a big fight at Madison Square Garden for him. Eddie becomes distracted by too much partying and girlfriend Bee, who is understandably worried about him. Eddie falls into the hands of a crooked trainer, \"Honest John\" Miller, who works for a racketeer, Sloane. He is made to lose the fight, Miller wrapping his opponent's hands in plaster, and takes a terrible beating. But when the truth comes to light, some of Eddie's fellow boxers go after the crooks with their fists. Madison Square Garden (film) Madison Square Garden is a 1932 American Pre-Code drama film directed by Harry","psg_id":"18609203"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden Company","text":"April 7, 1960, the Madison Square Garden Corporation merged with its majority shareholder Graham-Paige. On March 9, 1962, Graham-Paige changed its name to the Madison Square Garden Corporation to reflect their largest asset. On August 20, 1977, Gulf and Western Industries, which owned 81% of MSG's stock, purchased complete control of the corporation and turned it into a whole owned subsidiary. At the time of G&W's acquisition, the Madison Square Garden Corporation owned the arena, Knicks, Rangers, three horse tracks (Roosevelt Raceway, Arlington Park, and Washington Park Race Track), Holiday on Ice, and real estate holdings in Long Island, Manhattan,","psg_id":"11016114"},{"title":"Madison Square and Madison Square Park","text":"the former Madison Square Presbyterian Church designed by architect Richard Upjohn on the southeast corner of 24th Street, while the Metropolitan Life North Building replaced the 1906 replacement church on the northeast corner of 24th Street and Madison designed by Stanford White and demolished in 1919. Nearby, on Madison Avenue between 26th and 27th Streets, on the site of the old Madison Square Garden, is the 40-floor, high New York Life Building, built in 1928 and designed by Cass Gilbert, with a square tower topped by a striking gilded pyramid. Also of note is the statuary adorning the Appellate Division","psg_id":"4792996"},{"title":"Multishow ao Vivo: Ivete Sangalo no Madison Square Garden","text":"and so far from the proportions of the Maracana. I see this new work as a great challenge - for being at Madison Square Garden, in New York, and because it's a important step in my international career, as well as in my career in Brazil. And there's one more thing: though being international, this next DVD is completely rooted in Brazil. I think being restless is a part of an artist.\" - Ivete Sangalo.\" After watching a concert from the north-american singer Beyoncé at Madison Square Garden, Ivete Sangalo had the idea of developing a musical project in New","psg_id":"15143684"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden (1890)","text":"third Madison Square Garden at Eighth Avenue and 50th Street, which was the first to be located away from Madison Square. Madison Square Garden II, as it has come to be called in retrospect, was designed by noted architect Stanford White, who kept an apartment there. In 1906 White was murdered in the Garden's rooftop restaurant by millionaire Harry Kendall Thaw over White's affair with Thaw's wife, the well-known actress Evelyn Nesbit, whom White seduced when she was 16. The resulting sensational press coverage of the scandal caused Thaw's trial to be one of the first Trials of the Century.","psg_id":"13293040"},{"title":"WWE Live from Madison Square Garden","text":"WWE Live from Madison Square Garden Live from Madison Square Garden, also called Live from MSG: Lesnar vs. Big Show, was a professional wrestling event produced by WWE, an American-based promotion, that aired exclusively on the WWE Network. It took place on October 3, 2015 and was broadcast from Madison Square Garden. The event was hailed as part one of Brock Lesnar's Go To Hell Tour and his return to Madison Square Garden in his first match in the arena since his original departure from the company in 2004. The event also marked the 25th anniversary of Chris Jericho's debut","psg_id":"19032367"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden","text":"NBA and NHL arenas to not be named after a corporate sponsor. In 1984, the four streets immediately surrounding the Garden were designated as Joe Louis Plaza, in honor of boxer Joe Louis, who made eight successful title defenses in the previous Madison Square Garden. Madison Square Garden's $1 billion second renovation took place mainly over three offseasons. It was set to begin after the 2009–10 hockey/basketball seasons, but was delayed until after the 2010–11 seasons. Renovation was done in phases with the majority of the work done in the summer months to minimize disruptions to the NHL and NBA","psg_id":"818920"},{"title":"Madison Square and Madison Square Park","text":"the first auction house in the US, quickly became the place to go in New York to buy and sell jewelry, antiquities, fine art and rare books. The building that became the first Madison Square Garden at 26th Street and Madison Avenue was built in 1832 as the passenger depot of the New York and Harlem Rail Road, and was later used by the New York and New Haven Railroad as well; both were owned by Cornelius Vanderbilt. When the depot moved uptown in 1871 to Grand Central Depot, the building stood vacant until 1873, when it was leased to","psg_id":"4792975"},{"title":"Brick hod","text":"be employed by a bricklaying team in a supporting role to the bricklayers. Two bricklayers for each hod carrier is typical. A hoddie's duties might include wetting the mortar boards on the scaffolding, prior to fetching bricks from the delivery pallet using his hod and bringing them to 2x2 wide 'stacks' upon the scaffold that may then be easily laid by the bricklayers. The carrier should plan the deliveries of bricks with deliveries of mortar—also carried in the hod—to ensure the bricklayers can maintain a constant work rate. At sites without premixed mortar, the mortar will also be mixed by","psg_id":"7830400"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden (1890)","text":"George Hackenschmidt's victory in two straight falls at the Garden over Tom Jenkins on May 4, 1905. Joe Stecher regained the championship from Earl Caddock at the venue on January 30, 1920, the earliest American professional wrestling match to survive on film. The venue also hosted the next two title changes, Ed \"Strangler\" Lewis' victory over Stecher on December 13, 1920, and his subsequent loss of the championship to Stanislaus Zbyszko on May 6, 1921. From 1899 until its demolition, Madison Square Garden hosted the Six Days of New York, an annual six-day racing event of track cycling. Despite its","psg_id":"13293048"},{"title":"Live at Madison Square Garden","text":"Live at Madison Square Garden Live at Madison Square Garden is a fifth concert video by American band Bon Jovi from the last North American part of their Lost Highway Tour. It was recorded on July 14 and July 15, 2008, at Madison Square Garden. It was directed by Anthony Bongiovi and Brian Lockwood. It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on November 20, 2009, in Europe and Australia; November 23, 2009, in the UK; November 25, 2009, in Japan; and May 11, 2010, in the US and Canada. The Blu-ray edition features as an exclusive bonus feature the documentary","psg_id":"13957838"},{"title":"Pulitzer Prize","text":"Pulitzer Prize The Pulitzer Prize is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine and online journalism, literature, and musical composition in the United States. It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of American (Hungarian-born) Joseph Pulitzer who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher, and is administered by Columbia University in New York City. Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty-one categories. In twenty of the categories, each winner receives a certificate and a US$15,000 cash award (raised from $10,000 in 2017). The winner in the public service category of the journalism competition is awarded a gold","psg_id":"329298"},{"title":"Pulitzer Prize for Music","text":"twice. Pulitzer Prize for Music The Pulitzer Prize for Music is one of seven Pulitzer Prizes awarded annually in Letters, Drama, and Music. It was first given in 1943. Joseph Pulitzer arranged for a music scholarship to be awarded each year, and this was eventually converted into a prize: \"For a distinguished musical composition of significant dimension by an American that has had its first performance in the United States during the year.\" Because of the requirement that the composition have its world premiere during the year of its award, the winning work had rarely been recorded and sometimes had","psg_id":"882261"},{"title":"Pulitzer Prize for Music","text":"Pulitzer Prize for Music The Pulitzer Prize for Music is one of seven Pulitzer Prizes awarded annually in Letters, Drama, and Music. It was first given in 1943. Joseph Pulitzer arranged for a music scholarship to be awarded each year, and this was eventually converted into a prize: \"For a distinguished musical composition of significant dimension by an American that has had its first performance in the United States during the year.\" Because of the requirement that the composition have its world premiere during the year of its award, the winning work had rarely been recorded and sometimes had received","psg_id":"882244"},{"title":"New York Coliseum","text":"chairman, Robert Moses, first envisioned a convention center for New York City in 1944. Separately, in 1946, the Madison Square Garden Corporation proposed building a large sports arena along the western edge of Columbus Circle between 58th and 60th Streets, supplementing the existing Madison Square Garden (MSG) ten blocks south. The nine-story MSG annex would include a 25,000- to 27,000-seat arena, a convention space, and a 2,000-car garage. The convention space would the world's largest. The TBTA would build the new MSG building and issue bonds to finance construction, and the city would take over the building after the bonds","psg_id":"9702261"},{"title":"WWE Madison Square Garden Classics","text":"WWE Madison Square Garden Classics WWE Madison Square Garden Classics is a professional wrestling television program on the MSG Network, produced by World Wrestling Entertainment. It debuted in a two-hour block on July 12, 2006 and was hosted by longtime wrestling announcer \"Mean\" Gene Okerlund. On July 12, 2006, WWE programming returned to MSG Network for the first time since March 16, 1997. Two back to back episodes of \"MSG Classics\" air every Wednesday night. Each hour shows highlights of a WWF house show that took place at Madison Square Garden, originally telecast live on the network in the 1980s","psg_id":"8277403"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden","text":"oldest arena in the National Hockey League and the second-oldest arena in the National Basketball Association. In 2016, MSG was the second-busiest music arena in the world in terms of ticket sales, behind The O2 Arena in London. Including two major renovations, its total construction cost is approximately $1.1 billion, and it has been ranked as one of the 10 most expensive stadium venues ever built. It is part of the Pennsylvania Plaza office and retail complex, named for the railroad station. Several other operating entities related to the Garden share its name. Madison Square is formed by the intersection","psg_id":"818911"},{"title":"2010 Pulitzer Prize","text":"myopia\" and \"failure to appreciate new directions in playwriting\" for overlooking the three plays that were not running on Broadway at the time of the Award in favor of one that was. 2010 Pulitzer Prize The 2010 Pulitzer Prizes were awarded on Monday, April 12, 2010. In journalism, \"The Washington Post\" won four awards while \"The New York Times\" won three. For the first time, an online source, \"ProPublica\", won in what had previously been the sole province of print. A musical, \"Next to Normal\", won the Drama award for the first time in 14 years. Country singer-songwriter Hank Williams,","psg_id":"14469049"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden","text":"seasons. Madison Square Garden is seen as an obstacle in the renovation and future expansion of Penn Station, which is already expanding through the James Farley Post Office, and some have proposed moving MSG to other sites in western Manhattan. On February 15, 2013, Manhattan Community Board 5 voted 36–0 against granting a renewal to MSG's operating permit in perpetuity and proposed a 10-year limit instead in order to build a new Penn Station where the arena is currently standing. Manhattan borough president Scott Stringer said, \"Moving the arena is an important first step to improving Penn Station.\" The Madison","psg_id":"818924"},{"title":"Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New York City (1906)","text":"The earlier annex was connect to the Metropolitan Life Tower by a bridge over 24th Street. A decade later the annex buildings were leveled, and the entire block bounded by 24th Street, 25th Street, Madison Avenue and Park Avenue South became the site of the Metropolitan Life North Building, still extant, which was designed to accommodate a building as high as 80 stories, of which only 30 were constructed. Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New York City (1906) Madison Square Presbyterian Church (demolished 1919) was a Presbyterian church in Manhattan, New York City, located on Madison Square Park at the northeast","psg_id":"14341475"},{"title":"Lady Gaga Presents the Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square Garden","text":"a capella. \"Lady Gaga Presents the Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square Garden\" was filmed at Madison Square Garden in Gaga's hometown of New York City, the two-hour special was directed by the singer's choreographer Laurieann Gibson and produced by HBO, with the first broadcast on the channel on May 7, 2011, a day after Gaga's last date of The Monster Ball Tour. The channel had released a trailer for the special in YouTube and a poster in their website, which showed Gaga with her characteristic pyrotechnic bra emitting sparks. According to \"Billboard\", the special was watched by 1.2 million","psg_id":"15601424"},{"title":"Sports in the New York metropolitan area","text":"Amerks, and in 1941–42, the Brooklyn Americans), who played between 1925 and 1942. They were the first hockey team to play in the city, and for most of the life of the franchise shared Madison Square Garden with the Rangers. The franchise was never a big winner, and disbanded during World War II due to financial problems and a depleted roster. The World Hockey Association team called the New York Raiders and later the New York Golden Blades played at Madison Square Garden and Cherry Hill, New Jersey from 1972 until 1974 when they moved to San Diego. A few","psg_id":"7026976"},{"title":"Pulitzer Prize Playhouse","text":"Pulitzer Prize Playhouse The Pulitzer Prize Playhouse is an American television anthology drama series which offered adaptations of Pulitzer Prize winning plays, stories and novels. The distinguished journalist Elmer Davis was the host and narrator of this 1950-52 ABC series. Sponsored by Milwaukee's Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company, the 60-minute show opened with theme music by Bernard Green. Columbia University's Pulitzer School of Journalism, which made the annual Pulitzer awards, benefited from its agreement with Schlitz and ABC, receiving $100,000 from Schlitz for its cooperation. However, the show made no mention of Columbia or the Pulitzer School of Journalism. Plays in","psg_id":"11693287"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden (film)","text":"Madison Square Garden (film) Madison Square Garden is a 1932 American Pre-Code drama film directed by Harry Joe Brown and written by Thomson Burtis, Allen Rivkin and P.J. Wolfson. The film stars Jack Oakie, Thomas Meighan, Marian Nixon, William Collier, Sr., ZaSu Pitts, Lew Cody and William \"Stage\" Boyd. The film was released on November 4, 1932, by Paramount Pictures. Actual boxers like Jack Johnson, Billy Papke and Tom Sharkey and actual sports journalists like Paul Gallico, Grantland Rice and Damon Runyan appear in the story as themselves. Middleweight contender Eddie Burke needs to change managers after his, Doc Williams,","psg_id":"18609202"},{"title":"Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New York City (1906)","text":"Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New York City (1906) Madison Square Presbyterian Church (demolished 1919) was a Presbyterian church in Manhattan, New York City, located on Madison Square Park at the northeast corner of East 24th Street and Madison Avenue. It was designed by Stanford White in a High Renaissance architectural style, with a prominent central dome over a cubical central space in an abbreviated Greek cross plan; it was built in 1906. The inaugural service was on 14 October. The congregation's church had previously been located on the opposing, southeast corner of Madison and 24th Street, in a Gothic-style structure,","psg_id":"14341469"},{"title":"Pulitzer Prize for Poetry","text":"years to 2013, the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry was awarded 92 times. Two were given in 2008, none in 1946. Robert Frost won the prize four times and several others won it more than once (below). Indented entries are finalists after each year's winner. Indented entries are finalists after each year's winner. Indented entries are finalists after each year's winner. Two prizes were awarded in 2008. Indented entries are finalists after each year's winner. Robert Frost won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry four times from 1924 to 1943. Edwin Arlington Robinson won three prizes during the 1920s and several people","psg_id":"591311"},{"title":"WWE Live from Madison Square Garden","text":"to climb back in. Rollins then attempted a Frog Splash off the top of the cage but Cena moved out of the way and executed an Attitude Adjustment to retain the title. After the match, Kane performed a Chokeslam and a Tombstone Piledriver on Rollins. WWE Live from Madison Square Garden Live from Madison Square Garden, also called Live from MSG: Lesnar vs. Big Show, was a professional wrestling event produced by WWE, an American-based promotion, that aired exclusively on the WWE Network. It took place on October 3, 2015 and was broadcast from Madison Square Garden. The event was","psg_id":"19032374"},{"title":"Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting","text":"Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting The Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting has been awarded since 1953, under one name or another, for a distinguished example of investigative reporting by an individual or team, presented as a single article or series in print journalism. The Pulitzer Prize is only given to journalists whose works have appeared in US newspapers, drastically limiting the number of journalists and scope of investigative reporting that may be awarded. It is administered by the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism in New York City. From 1953 through 1963, the category was known as the Pulitzer Prize","psg_id":"2797245"},{"title":"History of the New York Rangers","text":"technical staff. Larry's real name is Larry Goodman. When the Rangers score a goal at Madison Square Garden the \"Slapshot\" (aka \"The New York Rangers Goal Song\") song is played following three blasts of a NYC Fire Engine horn. The song made its debut on January 20, 1995, the night the 1994 Stanley Cup Champion Banner was raised to the rafters. It was written by Ray Castoldi, the Music Director at Madison Square Garden. The song can be heard here. After every home victory the \"New York Rangers Victory Song\" is played. It was written in 1940 by J. Fred","psg_id":"8590362"},{"title":"Madison Square Garden (1890)","text":"New Jersey, and the Franklin Athletic Club represented western Pennsylvania. The Franklin Athletic Club would go on to claim the event's final title. On January 8, 1909, Matthew Maloney finished ahead of James Crowley and Sidney Hatch in an indoor marathon before 5,000 \"wildly cheering\" spectators held within the Garden. Maloney was reported to have set a new indoor record for the event (2:54:45.4). The Garden continued to host The Westminster Kennel Club's annual dog show. This championship is the second longest running U.S. sporting event (behind only the Kentucky Derby). Boxing has a long history at Madison Square Garden.","psg_id":"13293046"},{"title":"University of Chicago","text":"Mayer, four-time Pulitzer Prize winning journalist Rick Atkinson, statistical analyst and \"FiveThirtyEight\" founder and creator Nate Silver, and CBS News correspondent Rebecca Jarvis. In literature, author of the New York Times bestseller \"Before I Fall\" Lauren Oliver, Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist Philip Roth, Canadian-born Pulitzer Prize and Nobel Prize for Literature winning writer Saul Bellow, political philosopher, literary critic and author of the New York Times bestseller \"The Closing of the American Mind\" Allan Bloom, author of \"The Big Country\" and Matt Helm spy novels Donald Hamilton, \"The Good War\" author Studs Terkel, writer, essayist, filmmaker, teacher, and political activist Susan","psg_id":"439904"},{"title":"Madison Square and Madison Square Park","text":"The park and the square are at the northern (uptown) end of the Flatiron District neighborhood of Manhattan. The neighborhood to the north and west of the park is NoMad (\"NOrth of MADison Square Park\") and to the north and east is Rose Hill. Madison Square is probably best known around the world for providing the name of Madison Square Garden, a sports arena and its successor which were located just northeast of the park for 47 years, until 1925. The current Madison Square Garden, the fourth such building, is not in the area. Notable buildings around Madison Square include","psg_id":"4792954"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden Company\",\n \"text\": \"Dolan is said to be trying to avoid being deposed in the case. In December 2018, the Los Angeles Clippers countersued the Madison Square Garden Company alleging that they are trying to prevent competition from a new arena by trying to stop its construction. Madison Square Garden Company The Madison Square Garden Company is an American sports and entertainment holding company based in New York City. The company was established in 2010 when Cablevision spun off the New York Knicks, New York Rangers, Madison Square Garden, MSG Network and other entertainment assets as an independent, publicly traded company. On May\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11016121\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden (1890)\",\n \"text\": \"importance to the New York cultural scene in the early 20th century, Madison Square Garden II was never any more of a financial success than the original Garden was, and the New York Life Insurance Company, which held the mortgage on it, decided to tear it down to make way for a new headquarters building, which would become the landmark Cass Gilbert-designed New York Life Building. Construction on the new building began in 1926, and was completed in 1928. Madison Square Garden (1890) Madison Square Garden (1890-1926) was an indoor arena in New York City, the second by that name,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13293049\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Michael Bublé Meets Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Bublé Meets Madison Square Garden Michael Bublé Meets Madison Square Garden is the Grammy award-winning third live album released by Canadian singer Michael Bublé. The album features an Audio CD and Live DVD, in the fashion of all of Buble's live albums. The DVD follows the lead-up to what is described as one of the biggest shows of Bublé's career, to be performed at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Bublé visits the Blue Note Club, where he first performed in New York City over six years prior. There is also backstage footage at the Gardens, and footage\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13348279\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden Company\",\n \"text\": \"Madison Square Garden Company The Madison Square Garden Company is an American sports and entertainment holding company based in New York City. The company was established in 2010 when Cablevision spun off the New York Knicks, New York Rangers, Madison Square Garden, MSG Network and other entertainment assets as an independent, publicly traded company. On May 31, 1923, Tex Rickard incorporated the New Madison Square Garden Corporation for the purpose of building and operating the third Madison Square Garden. On January 15, 1925, shortly after the Garden opened, the corporation's name was changed to the Madison Square Garden Corporation. On\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11016113\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Michael Bublé Meets Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"live performances, backstage footage, and exclusive images. The Fan Edition includes performances of \\\"Stardust\\\" and \\\"You're Nobody Till Somebody Loves You\\\". Michael Bublé Meets Madison Square Garden Michael Bublé Meets Madison Square Garden is the Grammy award-winning third live album released by Canadian singer Michael Bublé. The album features an Audio CD and Live DVD, in the fashion of all of Buble's live albums. The DVD follows the lead-up to what is described as one of the biggest shows of Bublé's career, to be performed at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Bublé visits the Blue Note Club, where\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13348281\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"Square Garden to be moved, following the 2014 MAS Summit in New York City. More plans for the station were discussed. Then, in January 2016, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo announced a redevelopment plan for Penn Station that would involve the removal of The Theater at Madison Square Garden, but would otherwise leave the arena intact. Madison Square Garden hosts approximately 320 events a year. It is the home to the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League, and the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association. The New York Rangers, New York Knicks, and the Madison Square\",\n \"psg_id\": \"818929\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"Madison Square Garden Madison Square Garden, colloquially known as The Garden or in initials as MSG, is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the New York City borough of Manhattan. Located in Midtown Manhattan between 7th and 8th Avenues from 31st to 33rd Streets, it is situated atop Pennsylvania Station. It is the fourth venue to bear the name \\\"Madison Square Garden\\\"; the first two (1879 and 1890) were located on Madison Square, on East 26th Street and Madison Avenue, with the third Madison Square Garden (1925) further uptown at Eighth Avenue and 50th Street. The Garden is used for professional\",\n \"psg_id\": \"818909\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"As Recorded at Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"high-resolution remastering of the concert in 24-bit/96 kHz. As Recorded at Madison Square Garden Elvis: As Recorded at Madison Square Garden is a live album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released in June 1972 by RCA Records. It peaked on the Top 200 US Billboard albums chart on August 26, 1972. Recorded at the Madison Square Garden arena in New York City on Saturday June 10, 1972, the concert, and the subsequent album, were promoted as being Presley's first live concerts in the Big Apple since the 1950s. The album was certified Gold on August 4, 1972, Platinum\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9324271\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"As Recorded at Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"As Recorded at Madison Square Garden Elvis: As Recorded at Madison Square Garden is a live album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released in June 1972 by RCA Records. It peaked on the Top 200 US Billboard albums chart on August 26, 1972. Recorded at the Madison Square Garden arena in New York City on Saturday June 10, 1972, the concert, and the subsequent album, were promoted as being Presley's first live concerts in the Big Apple since the 1950s. The album was certified Gold on August 4, 1972, Platinum on May 20, 1988, 2x Platinum on March\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9324268\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"and New Jersey Transit, as well as Amtrak. The Garden is also accessible via the New York City Subway. The stop at 8th Avenue and the at 7th Avenue in Penn Station. The Garden can also be reached from nearby Herald Square with the at the 34th Street – Herald Square station as well as PATH train service from the 33rd Street station. Madison Square Garden Madison Square Garden, colloquially known as The Garden or in initials as MSG, is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the New York City borough of Manhattan. Located in Midtown Manhattan between 7th and 8th\",\n \"psg_id\": \"818949\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"in the city and a roof garden cabaret. The building cost $3 million. Madison Square Garden II was unsuccessful like the first Garden, and the New York Life Insurance Company, which held the mortgage on it, decided to tear it down in 1925 to make way for a new headquarters building, which would become the landmark Cass Gilbert-designed New York Life Building. A third Madison Square Garden opened in a new location, on 8th Avenue between 49th and 50th Streets, from 1925 to 1968. Groundbreaking on the third Madison Square Garden took place on January 9, 1925. Designed by the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"818914\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden (1925)\",\n \"text\": \"upper portions of the Garden. In its history, Madison Square Garden III was managed by Rickard, John S. Hammond, William F. Carey, General John Reed Kilpatrick, Ned Irish and Irving Mitchell Felt. It was eventually replaced by the current Madison Square Garden. Boxing was Madison Square Garden III's principal claim to fame. The first bout took place on December 8, 1925, a week before the arena's official opening. On January 17, 1941, 23,190 people witnessed Fritzie Zivic's successful welterweight title defense against Henry Armstrong, still the largest crowd for any of the Gardens. The New York Rangers, owned by the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13293022\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden Bowl\",\n \"text\": \"Carnera also captured the heavyweight crown in the 1930s at the Madison Square Garden Bowl. It was known as the \\\"Jinx Bowl\\\" because no titleholder ever successfully defended his title there. The bowl was torn down during World War II to make way for a US Army Mail Depot. It, in turn, was torn down and the area is now home to a Major World used car dealership and strip mall. Madison Square Garden Bowl Madison Square Garden Bowl was the name of an outdoor arena in the New York City borough of Queens. Built in 1932, the arena hosted\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7731082\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden Company\",\n \"text\": \"Square Garden Corporation became a charter member of the National Basketball Association with the New York Knicks. On August 17, 2016, MSG acquired a 12% stake in digital media, broadcasting, and events company Townsquare Media from GE Capital. On July 31, 2017, MSG acquired a controlling stake in professional video gaming team Counter Logic Gaming. In addition to owning the Madison Square Garden arena in Manhattan, New York City, The Madison Square Garden Company is divided into two entities. Madison Square Garden, L.P. used to operate the Hartford Civic Center (now the XL Center), an indoor arena in Hartford, Connecticut,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11016117\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden (1879)\",\n \"text\": \"Madison Square Garden (1879) Madison Square Garden (1879-1890) was an arena in New York City at the northeast corner of East 26th Street and Madison Avenue in Manhattan. The first venue to use that name, it seated 10,000 spectators. It was replaced with a new building on the same site. The site upon which Madison Square Garden was eventually established was originally occupied by a small passenger depot of the New York and Harlem Railroad. The site was vacated by the railroad in 1871 when it moved operations uptown to 42nd Street. The site was vacant until 1874 when it\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13293052\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden (1879)\",\n \"text\": \"Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, James Stillman and W. W. Astor, who closed it to build a new arena designed by noted architect Stanford White. Demolition began in July 1889, and the second Madison Square Garden, which cost more than a half-million dollars to build, opened on June 6, 1890. It was demolished in 1926, and the New York Life Building, designed by Cass Gilbert and completed in 1928, replaced it on the site. Madison Square Garden (1879) Madison Square Garden (1879-1890) was an arena in New York City at the northeast corner of East 26th Street and Madison Avenue in Manhattan.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13293057\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden (1925)\",\n \"text\": \"Madison Square Garden (1925) Madison Square Garden (MSG III) was an indoor arena in New York City, the third bearing that name. It was built in 1925 and closed in 1968, and was located on Eighth Avenue between 49th and 50th Streets in Manhattan, on the site of the city's trolley-car barns. It was on the west side of Eighth Avenue. It was the first Garden that was not located near Madison Square. MSG III was the home of the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League and the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association, and also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13293019\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden Company\",\n \"text\": \"a new West Side Stadium be built for the New York Jets. The stadium would have directly competed with the then-Cablevision owned Madison Square Garden. Cablevision ran TV ads rallying against the proposed stadium which ultimately resulted in the state of New York rejecting the proposal. The rejection of the proposal meant that Madison Square Garden would not have a nearby venue competing for concert revenue. The rejection of the venue also had a negative impact on New York's bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics, which was ultimately defeated by London. In 2018, the Madison Square Garden Company was behind\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11016119\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Long Goodbye: LCD Soundsystem Live at Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"Soundsystem Additional musicians Production The Long Goodbye: LCD Soundsystem Live at Madison Square Garden The Long Goodbye: LCD Soundsystem Live at Madison Square Garden (stylized as the long goodbye (lcd soundsystem live at madison square garden)) is a live album by the New York City dance-punk band LCD Soundsystem. It is a near-unedited live record, comprising what was billed at the time as their \\\"final\\\" show, held at Madison Square Garden in 2011. Like the show, the record runs approximately three hours and presents 28 songs divided into five LPs. The record follows the live in studio record \\\"London Sessions\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18036942\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Long Goodbye: LCD Soundsystem Live at Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"The Long Goodbye: LCD Soundsystem Live at Madison Square Garden The Long Goodbye: LCD Soundsystem Live at Madison Square Garden (stylized as the long goodbye (lcd soundsystem live at madison square garden)) is a live album by the New York City dance-punk band LCD Soundsystem. It is a near-unedited live record, comprising what was billed at the time as their \\\"final\\\" show, held at Madison Square Garden in 2011. Like the show, the record runs approximately three hours and presents 28 songs divided into five LPs. The record follows the live in studio record \\\"London Sessions\\\", also from 2011. LCD\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18036941\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden Company\",\n \"text\": \"and Rentschler Field (now the name of the playing surface at Pratt & Whitney Stadium), a stadium in East Hartford, under contract with the state of Connecticut until the 2007 season when it was replaced by Northland/Anschutz Entertainment Group. On several occasion, the Madison Square Garden Company has generated controversy in regard to how they approach their competition. On two separate occasions they made attempts to block the construction of competing venues in the New York and Los Angeles markets. Before the Madison Square Garden Company was formed, it's businesses were part of Cablevision. In 2005, it was proposed that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11016118\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"home of the Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus and Disney on Ice; all four events are now held at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn. It served the New York Cosmos for half of their home games during the 1983–84 NASL Indoor season. Many of boxing's biggest fights were held at Madison Square Garden, including the Roberto Durán–Ken Buchanan affair, and the first Muhammad Ali – Joe Frazier bout. Before promoters such as Don King and Bob Arum moved boxing to Las Vegas, Nevada Madison Square Garden was considered the mecca of boxing. The original ring, which was brought\",\n \"psg_id\": \"818931\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden Towers\",\n \"text\": \"Madison Square Garden Towers The Madison Square Garden Towers were the name of proposed twin residential skyscrapers that were to be constructed north of Madison Square Garden in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The project featured a complex of seven buildings, including a stadium and a new Penn Station. The cost of the project was US$14 billion. The architects Norman Foster and David Childs, and the architectural firm Skidmore, Owings and Merrill were designing the project. The owners were Stephen Ross of Related Cos. and Steven Roth of Vornado Realty Trust. The towers would have risen to be two of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11422233\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"the leadership of Bishop F.D. Washington used Madison Square Garden for its Annual Holy Convocation. The New York Police Academy, Baruch College/CUNY and Yeshiva University also hold their annual graduation ceremonies at Madison Square Garden. It hosted the Grammy Awards in 1972, 1997, 2003 and 2018 (which are normally held in Los Angeles) as well as the Latin Grammy Awards of 2006. The group and Best in Show competitions of the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show are held every February for two days at MSG. The Garden hosted the Stanley Cup Finals and NBA Finals simultaneously on two occasions: in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"818941\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden (1890)\",\n \"text\": \"Madison Square Garden (1890) Madison Square Garden (1890-1926) was an indoor arena in New York City, the second by that name, and the second to be located at 26th Street and Madison Avenue in Manhattan. Opened in 1890 at the cost of about $500,000, it replaced the first Madison Square Garden, and hosted numerous events, including boxing matches, orchestral performances, light operas and romantic comedies, the annual French Ball, both the Barnum and the Ringling circuses, and the 1924 Democratic National Convention, which nominated John W. Davis after 103 ballots. The building closed in 1925, and was replaced by the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13293039\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden Company\",\n \"text\": \"a lawsuit against the city of Inglewood in an attempt to stop the construction of a new basketball arena for the Los Angeles Clippers. The new arena would compete directly with The Forum which is owned by The Madison Square Garden Company. Another lawsuit from a local community group was filed to block the construction of the venue in June 2018. Inglewood mayor James Butts suggested that the lawsuit was brought about by \\\"business interests from out-of-state\\\", suggesting that the Madison Square Garden Company were using this group to ensure that they don't have a competing arena near by. James\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11016120\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"high-rise commercial buildings, and build a new Garden one block away at the site of the James Farley Post Office. Meanwhile, a new project to renovate and modernize the Garden completed phase one in time for the Rangers and Knicks' 2011–12 seasons, though the vice president of the Garden says he remains committed to the installation of an extension of Penn Station at the Farley Post Office site. While the Knicks and Rangers were not displaced, the New York Liberty played at the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey during the renovation. Madison Square Garden is the last of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"818919\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"of 5th Avenue and Broadway at 23rd Street in Manhattan. It was named after James Madison, fourth President of the United States. Two venues called Madison Square Garden were located just northeast of the square, the first from 1879 to 1890, and the second from 1890 to 1925. The first Garden, leased to P. T. Barnum, had no roof and was inconvenient to use during inclement weather, so it was demolished after 11 years. Madison Square Garden II was designed by noted architect Stanford White. The new building was built by a syndicate which included J. P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"818912\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden Company\",\n \"text\": \"assets. In September 2018, Madison Square Garden began work on a spherical music venue in Las Vegas, called MSG Sphere Las Vegas, planned to open in 2021. Earlier in the year, MSG announced plans to build MSG Sphere London, near the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in Stratford. Both venues are designed by Populous architects and are supposed to incorporate highly advanced audio and visual technologies. Following the success of the New York Americans, the Madison Square Garden Corporation established the New York Rangers, which began play in 1926. In 1946, at the behest of vice president Ned Irish, the Madison\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11016116\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"pool, and restaurants; Madison Square Garden would be moved two blocks west, next to the post office. DS+F also proposed high-tech features in the station, such as train arrival and departure boards on the floor, and apps that would inform waiting passengers of ways to occupy their time until they board their trains. Madison Square Garden rejected the notion that it would be relocated, and called the plans \\\"pie-in-the-sky\\\". In June 2013, the New York City Council Committee on Land Use voted unanimously to give the Garden a ten-year permit, at the end of which period the owners will either\",\n \"psg_id\": \"818927\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden (1925)\",\n \"text\": \"Square Garden was torn down, there was a proposal to build the world's tallest building on the site, prompting a major battle in the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood where it was located. Ultimately, the debate resulted in strict height restrictions in the area. The space remained a parking lot until 1989 when Worldwide Plaza, designed by David Childs of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, opened on the site of the old Garden and French Polyclinic Hospital across the street. Madison Square Garden (1925) Madison Square Garden (MSG III) was an indoor arena in New York City, the third bearing that name. It\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13293032\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"have to relocate, or go back through the permission process. On July 24, the City Council voted to give the Garden a 10-year operating permit by a vote of 47 to 1. \\\"This is the first step in finding a new home for Madison Square Garden and building a new Penn Station that is as great as New York and suitable for the 21st century\\\", said City Council speaker Christine Quinn. \\\"This is an opportunity to reimagine and redevelop Penn Station as a world-class transportation destination.\\\" In October 2014, the Morgan facility was selected as the ideal area for Madison\",\n \"psg_id\": \"818928\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden (1925)\",\n \"text\": \"featuring a mix of local and national schools. MSG III began hosting the National Invitation Tournament annually in 1938, and hosted seven NCAA men's basketball championship finals between 1943 and 1950. On February 28, 1940, Madison Square Garden hosted the first televised basketball games in a Fordham-Pitt and Georgetown-NYU doubleheader. A point shaving scandal involving games played at the Garden led the NCAA to reduce its use of the Garden, and caused some schools, including 1950 NCAA and NIT Champion City College of New York (CCNY), to be banned from playing at the Garden. Capitol Wrestling Corporation—along with its successor,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13293027\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden (1879)\",\n \"text\": \"one of the biggest sports in the country. \\\"[T]he top riders [were] among the sports stars of their day. The bike races at Madison Square Garden were all the rage around the turn of the 20th century.\\\" Madison Square Garden was the most important bicycle racing track in the United States and the Olympic discipline known as the Madison is named after the original Garden. However, the roofless Garden was hot in the summertime and freezing in the wintertime. Vanderbilt eventually sold what \\\"Harper's Weekly\\\" called his \\\"patched-up, grimy, drafty, combustible old shell\\\" to a syndicate that included J. P.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13293056\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2018 Pulitzer Prize\",\n \"text\": \"2018 Pulitzer Prize The 2018 Pulitzer Prizes were awarded by the Pulitzer Prize Board for work during the 2017 calendar year. Prize winners and nominated finalists were announced by Dana Canedy at 3:00 p.m. EST on April 16, 2018. \\\"The New York Times\\\" won the most awards of any newspaper, with three, bringing its total to one hundred and twenty-five Pulitzer Prizes. \\\"The Washington Post\\\" won Investigative Reporting and National Reporting, the latter of which was shared with the \\\"New York Times\\\". \\\"The New York Times\\\" and \\\"The New Yorker\\\" won the prize in public service, bringing their totals to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20675939\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"begin on the new upper bowl, which was completed in time for the 2012–2013 NBA season and the 2012–13 NHL lockout-shortened NHL season. This advance work included the West Balcony on the 10th floor, taking the place of sky-boxes, and new end-ice 300 level seating. The construction of the upper bowl along with the Madison Suites and the Madison Club (Phase 2) were completed for the 2012–2013 NHL and NBA seasons. The construction of the new lobby known as Chase Square, along with the Chase Bridges and the new scoreboard (Phase 3) were completed for the 2013–2014 NHL and NBA\",\n \"psg_id\": \"818923\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New York City (1854)\",\n \"text\": \"used towards the construction of a new church. Once the new church was completed the old building was demolished and became the site of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower, a 48-story building completed in 1909, which was the world's tallest building for three years, until 1913, when it was surpassed by the Woolworth Building. Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New York City (1854) Madison Square Presbyterian Church was a Presbyterian church in Manhattan, New York City, located on Madison Square Park at the southeast corner of East 24th Street and Madison Avenue. Construction on the church began in 1853 and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14341465\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"Square Garden Company responded by saying that \\\"[i]t is incongruous to think that M.S.G. would be considering moving.\\\" In May 2013, four architecture firms – SHoP Architects, SOM, H3 Hardy Collaboration Architecture, and Diller Scofidio + Renfro – submitted proposals for a new Penn Station. SHoP Architects recommended moving Madison Square Garden to the Morgan Postal Facility a few blocks southwest, as well as removing 2 Penn Plaza and redeveloping other towers, and an extension of the High Line to Penn Station. Meanwhile, SOM proposed moving Madison Square Garden to the area just south of the James Farley Post Office,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"818925\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden Bowl\",\n \"text\": \"Madison Square Garden Bowl Madison Square Garden Bowl was the name of an outdoor arena in the New York City borough of Queens. Built in 1932, the arena hosted circuses and boxing matches. Its seating capacity was 72,000 spectators on wood bleachers. It was located at 48th Street and Northern Boulevard in Long Island City. This was the site where James J. Braddock defeated Max Baer for the World Heavyweight title on June 13, 1935 that was dramatized in the film \\\"Cinderella Man\\\". Braddock's first comeback fight against John \\\"Corn\\\" Griffin was also in the venue. Jack Sharkey and Primo\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7731081\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2017 Pulitzer Prize\",\n \"text\": \"2017 Pulitzer Prize The 2017 Pulitzer Prizes were awarded by the Pulitzer Prize Board for work during the 2016 calendar year. Prize winners and nominated finalists were announced by Mike Pride at 3:00 p.m. EST April 10, 2017. \\\"The New York Times\\\" won the most awards of any newspaper, with three, bringing its total to one hundred twelve Pulitzer Prizes. The McClatchy Company, \\\"Miami Herald\\\", and International Consortium of Investigative Journalists won Investigative reporting, leaving them with a total of fifty-four, twenty-two, and one respectively. The \\\"New York Daily News\\\" and ProPublica won the prize in public service, bringing their\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20097057\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elton 60 – Live at Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"Elton 60 – Live at Madison Square Garden Elton 60 – Live at Madison Square Garden is a 2-disc DVD release, starring Elton John performing some of his biggest hits and even several fan favourites. The release features appearances onstage by comedians Robin Williams and Whoopi Goldberg, as well as special remarks to the audience by lyricist Bernie Taupin. The concert was recorded on Elton's 60th birthday, 25 March 2007, and coincides with his record-setting 60th concert at Madison Square Garden in New York City. In addition to his regular band, The Brooklyn Youth Chorus also performs on several songs.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10957956\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"1972 and 1994. MSG has hosted the following All-Star Games: In 1985, the Garden hosted the inaugural WrestleMania presented by the World Wrestling Federation. In 1988 it hosted the WWF's inaugural SummerSlam PPV. New Japan Pro-Wrestling and Ring of Honor will host their G1 Supercard at the venue on April 6, 2019 which sold out in 19 minutes after the tickets went on sale. UFC held its first event in New York State, UFC 205, at Madison Square Garden on November 12, 2016. This was the first event the organization held after New York State lifted the ban on mixed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"818942\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aziz Ansari: Live at Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"Aziz Ansari: Live at Madison Square Garden Aziz Ansari: Live at Madison Square Garden is a 2015 American stand-up comedy film starring, written, directed and produced by Aziz Ansari. It was shot at Madison Square Garden in New York City in October 2014. Topics up for discussion include misogyny, Internet cruelty, factory farming and how modern technology has destroyed our ability to truly connect with one another The performance was recorded in October 2014. Ansari used the theme from \\\"For a Few Dollars More\\\" by Ennio Morricone as his entrance music. He chose this, and a series of images on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18660484\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden Towers\",\n \"text\": \"the tallest structures in the Midtown Manhattan skyline, with one rising higher than the Empire State Building, currently one of New York's tallest buildings at 1,250 feet (381 m) and would also have been higher than the roof, though not the spire, of One World Trade Center. The towers are essentially canceled as Madison Square Garden is going ahead with renovations of the current arena, rather than a relocation that would have made the towers possible. Madison Square Garden Towers The Madison Square Garden Towers were the name of proposed twin residential skyscrapers that were to be constructed north of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11422234\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1936 Madison Square Garden speech\",\n \"text\": \"speech \\\"one of the great political speeches in American history.\\\" Political analysts have compared the straightforwardness of Roosevelt's rhetoric, such as the \\\"I welcome their hatred\\\" comment, with the relative timidity of later politicians, such as Barack Obama; psychologist Drew Westen made such an argument in \\\"The New York Times\\\". Historians, however, have pointed out that Roosevelt delivered the speech in much more favorable political conditions than later politicians have had to face. 1936 Madison Square Garden speech The 1936 Madison Square Garden speech was a speech given by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt on October 31, 1936, three days\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17853060\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2010 Pulitzer Prize\",\n \"text\": \"2010 Pulitzer Prize The 2010 Pulitzer Prizes were awarded on Monday, April 12, 2010. In journalism, \\\"The Washington Post\\\" won four awards while \\\"The New York Times\\\" won three. For the first time, an online source, \\\"ProPublica\\\", won in what had previously been the sole province of print. A musical, \\\"Next to Normal\\\", won the Drama award for the first time in 14 years. Country singer-songwriter Hank Williams, who died at age 29 in 1953, received a special citation. Below, the winner(s) in each category are listed. Hank Williams \\\"for his craftsmanship as a songwriter who expressed universal feelings with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14469047\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"Garden arena itself are all owned by the Madison Square Garden Company. The arena is also host to the Big East Men's Basketball Tournament and the finals of the National Invitation Tournament. It also hosts selected home games for the St. John's men's Red Storm (college basketball), the Millrose Games track and field meet, and almost any other kind of indoor activity that draws large audiences, such as the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show and the 2004 Republican National Convention. The Garden was home of the NBA Draft and NIT Season Tip-Off, as well as the former New York City\",\n \"psg_id\": \"818930\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Phish: New Year's Eve 1995 – Live at Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"Phish: New Year's Eve 1995 – Live at Madison Square Garden New Year's Eve 1995 - Live at Madison Square Garden is a live concert album by American rock band Phish that was released in 2005. The album comprises the band's December 31, 1995 show at Madison Square Garden, named by \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" as one of the \\\"Greatest Concerts of the '90s\\\". Fans consider it one of Phish's best shows and the band considers it one of their top five concerts. Following this 1995 show, Phish established a tradition of performing multi-night New Year's shows at Madison Square Garden. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6731043\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden (1925)\",\n \"text\": \"in the Garden, and not taken on the road with the traveling circus, involved Blinc Candlin, a Hudson, New York fireman, who rode his antique 1880s high-wheel bicycle on the high wire every season for over two decades beginning in the 1910s and running well through the 1930s. The Garden continued to host The Westminster Kennel Club's annual dog show. This championship is the second longest continuously running U.S. sporting event (behind only the Kentucky Derby). Demolition commenced in 1968 after the opening of the fourth and current Madison Square Garden. It finished in early 1969. When the third Madison\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13293031\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Multishow ao Vivo: Ivete Sangalo no Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"Multishow ao Vivo: Ivete Sangalo no Madison Square Garden Multishow ao Vivo: Ivete Sangalo no Madison Square Garden is the eleventh album by the Brazilian recording artist Ivete Sangalo, released on December 7, 2010. The album was recorded during a single concert performed on September 4, 2010, at Madison Square Garden in New York. It's the fourth digital video disc from the singer and its first international release. The disc sold over 300,000 copies only on its pre-sale, which earned her a certified Triple Platinum and Gold Record by ABPD. The album featured many singers, both domestic and international, such\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15143682\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2011 Pulitzer Prize\",\n \"text\": \"2011 Pulitzer Prize The 2011 Pulitzer Prizes were announced on Monday, April 18, 2011. \\\"The Los Angeles Times\\\" won two prizes, including the highest honor for Public Service. \\\"The New York Times\\\" also won two awards. No prize was handed out in the Breaking News category. \\\"The Wall Street Journal\\\" won an award for the first time since 2007. Jennifer Egan's \\\"A Visit From the Goon Squad\\\" picked up the Fiction prize after already winning the 2010 National Book Critics Circle Award. Photographer Carol Guzy of \\\"The Washington Post\\\" became the first journalist to win four Pulitzer Prizes. In December\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15522280\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden (1890)\",\n \"text\": \"with permanent seating for 8,000 people and floor space for thousands more. It had a 1200-seat theatre, a concert hall with a capacity of 1500, the largest restaurant in the city and a roof garden cabaret. The final cost for the building, which the \\\"New York Times\\\" called \\\"one of the great institutions of the town, to be mentioned along with Central Park and the bridge of Brooklyn\\\" was $3 million. Topping the Garden's tower was a statue of Diana, by noted sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens, which caused Madison Square Park to become known as \\\"Diana's little wooded park\\\". The original\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13293042\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aziz Ansari: Live at Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"society's ills without ever growing strident.\\\" Audra Schroeder of \\\"The Daily Dot\\\" wrote, \\\"His elastic personality and trademark vocal stretches sustain the energy needed for a comic to command MSG.\\\" Aziz Ansari: Live at Madison Square Garden Aziz Ansari: Live at Madison Square Garden is a 2015 American stand-up comedy film starring, written, directed and produced by Aziz Ansari. It was shot at Madison Square Garden in New York City in October 2014. Topics up for discussion include misogyny, Internet cruelty, factory farming and how modern technology has destroyed our ability to truly connect with one another The performance was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18660488\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden Pro\",\n \"text\": \"Madison Square Garden Pro The Madison Square Garden Pro was a men's tennis tournament open to professionals. It was held in 1954 and again between 1966 and 1969 and was played on indoor hard courts. The Madison Square Garden Pro first began in 1954 and served as the opening tournament of the 1954 World Pro Tour. The event was then not staged for a further twelve years when it was re-established in 1966. The 1968 and 1969 tournaments were part of a pro circuit in the open era of tennis. It ended as an open tournament called the Madison Square\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14895749\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"Johnny Cash Show\\\" was in production and a popular TV series; its weekly \\\"Come Along and Ride This Train\\\" segment is referenced in the introduction to \\\"As Long as the Grass Shall Grow.\\\" Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden is a 1969 recording of a Johnny Cash concert at Madison Square Garden. It was released in 2002. The album featured Cash and other musicians and singers including W.S. Holland, Marshall Grant, Bob Wootton, the Statler Brothers, Carl Perkins, Tommy Cash and the Carter Family. Noticeably absent from the show was Cash's wife June Carter\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7020647\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New York City (1854)\",\n \"text\": \"Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New York City (1854) Madison Square Presbyterian Church was a Presbyterian church in Manhattan, New York City, located on Madison Square Park at the southeast corner of East 24th Street and Madison Avenue. Construction on the church began in 1853 and was completed in 1854. It was designed by Richard M. Upjohn, the son of noted architect Richard Upjohn, in the Gothic Revival architectural style. The congregation's original building was acquired by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company and was demolished in 1909 to make way for the 48-story Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower. In exchange, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14341461\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden Pro\",\n \"text\": \"Garden Championships. Madison Square Garden Pro The Madison Square Garden Pro was a men's tennis tournament open to professionals. It was held in 1954 and again between 1966 and 1969 and was played on indoor hard courts. The Madison Square Garden Pro first began in 1954 and served as the opening tournament of the 1954 World Pro Tour. The event was then not staged for a further twelve years when it was re-established in 1966. The 1968 and 1969 tournaments were part of a pro circuit in the open era of tennis. It ended as an open tournament called the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14895750\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2017 Pulitzer Prize\",\n \"text\": \"totals to eleven and four respectively. The \\\"East Bay Times\\\" won Breaking News Reporting, bringing its total to three prizes. The Salt Lake Tribune won its second Pulitzer. The Charleston Gazette-Mail won its first prize for the combined newspaper. 2017 Pulitzer Prize The 2017 Pulitzer Prizes were awarded by the Pulitzer Prize Board for work during the 2016 calendar year. Prize winners and nominated finalists were announced by Mike Pride at 3:00 p.m. EST April 10, 2017. \\\"The New York Times\\\" won the most awards of any newspaper, with three, bringing its total to one hundred twelve Pulitzer Prizes. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20097058\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden (1925)\",\n \"text\": \"& Argentina Rocca main event led to a race riot involving the largely Italian and Puerto Rican fans of Carpentier and Rocca. After the riot, New York City nearly banned professional wrestling and children under the age of 14 were prohibited from attending. From 1925 until 1961, Madison Square Garden hosted the Six Days of New York, an annual six-day racing event of track cycling. Upon its final running, it was the longest-running six days in the world with 73 editions. While the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus had debuted at the second Garden in 1919, the third\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13293029\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"from the second and third generation of the Garden, was officially retired on September 19, 2007, and donated to the International Boxing Hall of Fame after 82 years of service. A ring replaced it beginning on October 6 of that same year. Madison Square Garden has been considered the mecca for professional wrestling and the home of World Wrestling Entertainment (formerly WWF and WWWF). The Garden has hosted three WrestleManias, more than any other arena, including the first edition of the annual marquee event for WWE, as well as the 10th and 20th editions. Madison Square Garden hosts more high-profile\",\n \"psg_id\": \"818932\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Phish: New Year's Eve 1995 – Live at Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"be released for Record Store Day 2015 as the band's first live vinyl box set. Phish Phish: New Year's Eve 1995 – Live at Madison Square Garden New Year's Eve 1995 - Live at Madison Square Garden is a live concert album by American rock band Phish that was released in 2005. The album comprises the band's December 31, 1995 show at Madison Square Garden, named by \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" as one of the \\\"Greatest Concerts of the '90s\\\". Fans consider it one of Phish's best shows and the band considers it one of their top five concerts. Following this 1995\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6731045\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"Chase Bridge. The Hulu Theater at Madison Square Garden seats between 2,000 and 5,600 for concerts and can also be used for meetings, stage shows, and graduation ceremonies. It was the home of the NFL Draft until 2005, when it moved to the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center after MSG management opposed a new stadium for the New York Jets. It also hosted the NBA Draft from 2001 to 2010. The theater also occasionally hosts boxing matches on nights when the main arena is unavailable. The fall 1999 \\\"Jeopardy!\\\" Teen Tournament as well as a \\\"Celebrity Jeopardy!\\\" competition were held\",\n \"psg_id\": \"818947\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lady Gaga Presents the Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"Lady Gaga Presents the Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square Garden Lady Gaga Presents the Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square Garden is a 2011 concert special which documents the February 21 and 22, 2011 shows of American pop singer Lady Gaga's worldwide concert tour, The Monster Ball Tour. Filmed at Madison Square Garden in Gaga's hometown of New York City, the two-hour special was directed by the singer's choreographer Laurieann Gibson and produced by HBO. It was first broadcast on the channel on May 7, 2011, a day after Gaga's last date of The Monster Ball Tour. The special\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15601416\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1936 Madison Square Garden speech\",\n \"text\": \"1936 Madison Square Garden speech The 1936 Madison Square Garden speech was a speech given by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt on October 31, 1936, three days before that year's presidential election. In the speech, Roosevelt pledged to continue the New Deal and criticized those who, in his view, were putting personal gain and politics over national economic recovery from the Great Depression. The speech was Roosevelt's last campaign speech before the election. Roosevelt had to wait around 15 minutes for the enthusiastic crowd at Madison Square Garden to calm down before commencing his speech. Most of the speech outlined\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17853056\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden is a 1969 recording of a Johnny Cash concert at Madison Square Garden. It was released in 2002. The album featured Cash and other musicians and singers including W.S. Holland, Marshall Grant, Bob Wootton, the Statler Brothers, Carl Perkins, Tommy Cash and the Carter Family. Noticeably absent from the show was Cash's wife June Carter Cash, who was home pregnant with their son John Carter Cash, a fact referenced during the recording. As with most Cash shows, the genres covered ran the gamut from country music to rockabilly\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7020645\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden (1890)\",\n \"text\": \"the original. This is now at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, and a copy is in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Saint-Gaudens made several smaller variants in bronze, one of which was on display in the entryway of both Madison Square Garden III, built in 1925, and the current Madison Square Garden. The opening of the new arena was attended by over 17,000 people – who paid up to $50 for tickets to the event – including J.P. Morgan, the Pierponts, the Whitneys and General William Tecumseh Sherman. In 1902 and 1903, the Garden hosted the World Series of Football,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13293044\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"Concourse, remains on the 6th floor. The upper bowl concourse was relocated to the 8th floor and it is known as the Garden Concourse. The 7th floor houses the new Madison Suites and the Madison Club. The upper bowl was built on top of these suites. The rebuilt concourses are wider than their predecessors, and include large windows that offer views of the city streets around the Garden. Construction of the lower bowl (Phase 1) was completed for the 2011–2012 NHL season and the 2011–12 NBA lockout shortened season. An extended off-season for the Garden permitted some advanced work to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"818922\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pulitzer Prize\",\n \"text\": \"Francis Lee found \\\"that only 27% of Pulitzer winners since 1991 were females, while newsrooms are about 33% female.\\\" The researchers concluded female winners were more likely to have traditional academic experience, such as attendance at Ivy League schools, metropolitan upbringing, or employment with an elite publication such as the \\\"New York Times\\\". The findings suggest a higher level of training and connectedness are required for a female applicant to be awarded the prize, compared to male counterparts. Pulitzer Prize The Pulitzer Prize is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine and online journalism, literature, and musical composition in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"329313\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden (film)\",\n \"text\": \"sets up a big fight at Madison Square Garden for him. Eddie becomes distracted by too much partying and girlfriend Bee, who is understandably worried about him. Eddie falls into the hands of a crooked trainer, \\\"Honest John\\\" Miller, who works for a racketeer, Sloane. He is made to lose the fight, Miller wrapping his opponent's hands in plaster, and takes a terrible beating. But when the truth comes to light, some of Eddie's fellow boxers go after the crooks with their fists. Madison Square Garden (film) Madison Square Garden is a 1932 American Pre-Code drama film directed by Harry\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18609203\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden Company\",\n \"text\": \"April 7, 1960, the Madison Square Garden Corporation merged with its majority shareholder Graham-Paige. On March 9, 1962, Graham-Paige changed its name to the Madison Square Garden Corporation to reflect their largest asset. On August 20, 1977, Gulf and Western Industries, which owned 81% of MSG's stock, purchased complete control of the corporation and turned it into a whole owned subsidiary. At the time of G&W's acquisition, the Madison Square Garden Corporation owned the arena, Knicks, Rangers, three horse tracks (Roosevelt Raceway, Arlington Park, and Washington Park Race Track), Holiday on Ice, and real estate holdings in Long Island, Manhattan,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11016114\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square and Madison Square Park\",\n \"text\": \"the former Madison Square Presbyterian Church designed by architect Richard Upjohn on the southeast corner of 24th Street, while the Metropolitan Life North Building replaced the 1906 replacement church on the northeast corner of 24th Street and Madison designed by Stanford White and demolished in 1919. Nearby, on Madison Avenue between 26th and 27th Streets, on the site of the old Madison Square Garden, is the 40-floor, high New York Life Building, built in 1928 and designed by Cass Gilbert, with a square tower topped by a striking gilded pyramid. Also of note is the statuary adorning the Appellate Division\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4792996\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Multishow ao Vivo: Ivete Sangalo no Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"and so far from the proportions of the Maracana. I see this new work as a great challenge - for being at Madison Square Garden, in New York, and because it's a important step in my international career, as well as in my career in Brazil. And there's one more thing: though being international, this next DVD is completely rooted in Brazil. I think being restless is a part of an artist.\\\" - Ivete Sangalo.\\\" After watching a concert from the north-american singer Beyoncé at Madison Square Garden, Ivete Sangalo had the idea of developing a musical project in New\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15143684\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden (1890)\",\n \"text\": \"third Madison Square Garden at Eighth Avenue and 50th Street, which was the first to be located away from Madison Square. Madison Square Garden II, as it has come to be called in retrospect, was designed by noted architect Stanford White, who kept an apartment there. In 1906 White was murdered in the Garden's rooftop restaurant by millionaire Harry Kendall Thaw over White's affair with Thaw's wife, the well-known actress Evelyn Nesbit, whom White seduced when she was 16. The resulting sensational press coverage of the scandal caused Thaw's trial to be one of the first Trials of the Century.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13293040\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"WWE Live from Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"WWE Live from Madison Square Garden Live from Madison Square Garden, also called Live from MSG: Lesnar vs. Big Show, was a professional wrestling event produced by WWE, an American-based promotion, that aired exclusively on the WWE Network. It took place on October 3, 2015 and was broadcast from Madison Square Garden. The event was hailed as part one of Brock Lesnar's Go To Hell Tour and his return to Madison Square Garden in his first match in the arena since his original departure from the company in 2004. The event also marked the 25th anniversary of Chris Jericho's debut\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19032367\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"NBA and NHL arenas to not be named after a corporate sponsor. In 1984, the four streets immediately surrounding the Garden were designated as Joe Louis Plaza, in honor of boxer Joe Louis, who made eight successful title defenses in the previous Madison Square Garden. Madison Square Garden's $1 billion second renovation took place mainly over three offseasons. It was set to begin after the 2009–10 hockey/basketball seasons, but was delayed until after the 2010–11 seasons. Renovation was done in phases with the majority of the work done in the summer months to minimize disruptions to the NHL and NBA\",\n \"psg_id\": \"818920\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square and Madison Square Park\",\n \"text\": \"the first auction house in the US, quickly became the place to go in New York to buy and sell jewelry, antiquities, fine art and rare books. The building that became the first Madison Square Garden at 26th Street and Madison Avenue was built in 1832 as the passenger depot of the New York and Harlem Rail Road, and was later used by the New York and New Haven Railroad as well; both were owned by Cornelius Vanderbilt. When the depot moved uptown in 1871 to Grand Central Depot, the building stood vacant until 1873, when it was leased to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4792975\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brick hod\",\n \"text\": \"be employed by a bricklaying team in a supporting role to the bricklayers. Two bricklayers for each hod carrier is typical. A hoddie's duties might include wetting the mortar boards on the scaffolding, prior to fetching bricks from the delivery pallet using his hod and bringing them to 2x2 wide 'stacks' upon the scaffold that may then be easily laid by the bricklayers. The carrier should plan the deliveries of bricks with deliveries of mortar—also carried in the hod—to ensure the bricklayers can maintain a constant work rate. At sites without premixed mortar, the mortar will also be mixed by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7830400\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden (1890)\",\n \"text\": \"George Hackenschmidt's victory in two straight falls at the Garden over Tom Jenkins on May 4, 1905. Joe Stecher regained the championship from Earl Caddock at the venue on January 30, 1920, the earliest American professional wrestling match to survive on film. The venue also hosted the next two title changes, Ed \\\"Strangler\\\" Lewis' victory over Stecher on December 13, 1920, and his subsequent loss of the championship to Stanislaus Zbyszko on May 6, 1921. From 1899 until its demolition, Madison Square Garden hosted the Six Days of New York, an annual six-day racing event of track cycling. Despite its\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13293048\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Live at Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"Live at Madison Square Garden Live at Madison Square Garden is a fifth concert video by American band Bon Jovi from the last North American part of their Lost Highway Tour. It was recorded on July 14 and July 15, 2008, at Madison Square Garden. It was directed by Anthony Bongiovi and Brian Lockwood. It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on November 20, 2009, in Europe and Australia; November 23, 2009, in the UK; November 25, 2009, in Japan; and May 11, 2010, in the US and Canada. The Blu-ray edition features as an exclusive bonus feature the documentary\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13957838\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pulitzer Prize\",\n \"text\": \"Pulitzer Prize The Pulitzer Prize is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine and online journalism, literature, and musical composition in the United States. It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of American (Hungarian-born) Joseph Pulitzer who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher, and is administered by Columbia University in New York City. Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty-one categories. In twenty of the categories, each winner receives a certificate and a US$15,000 cash award (raised from $10,000 in 2017). The winner in the public service category of the journalism competition is awarded a gold\",\n \"psg_id\": \"329298\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pulitzer Prize for Music\",\n \"text\": \"twice. Pulitzer Prize for Music The Pulitzer Prize for Music is one of seven Pulitzer Prizes awarded annually in Letters, Drama, and Music. It was first given in 1943. Joseph Pulitzer arranged for a music scholarship to be awarded each year, and this was eventually converted into a prize: \\\"For a distinguished musical composition of significant dimension by an American that has had its first performance in the United States during the year.\\\" Because of the requirement that the composition have its world premiere during the year of its award, the winning work had rarely been recorded and sometimes had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"882261\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pulitzer Prize for Music\",\n \"text\": \"Pulitzer Prize for Music The Pulitzer Prize for Music is one of seven Pulitzer Prizes awarded annually in Letters, Drama, and Music. It was first given in 1943. Joseph Pulitzer arranged for a music scholarship to be awarded each year, and this was eventually converted into a prize: \\\"For a distinguished musical composition of significant dimension by an American that has had its first performance in the United States during the year.\\\" Because of the requirement that the composition have its world premiere during the year of its award, the winning work had rarely been recorded and sometimes had received\",\n \"psg_id\": \"882244\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"New York Coliseum\",\n \"text\": \"chairman, Robert Moses, first envisioned a convention center for New York City in 1944. Separately, in 1946, the Madison Square Garden Corporation proposed building a large sports arena along the western edge of Columbus Circle between 58th and 60th Streets, supplementing the existing Madison Square Garden (MSG) ten blocks south. The nine-story MSG annex would include a 25,000- to 27,000-seat arena, a convention space, and a 2,000-car garage. The convention space would the world's largest. The TBTA would build the new MSG building and issue bonds to finance construction, and the city would take over the building after the bonds\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9702261\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"WWE Madison Square Garden Classics\",\n \"text\": \"WWE Madison Square Garden Classics WWE Madison Square Garden Classics is a professional wrestling television program on the MSG Network, produced by World Wrestling Entertainment. It debuted in a two-hour block on July 12, 2006 and was hosted by longtime wrestling announcer \\\"Mean\\\" Gene Okerlund. On July 12, 2006, WWE programming returned to MSG Network for the first time since March 16, 1997. Two back to back episodes of \\\"MSG Classics\\\" air every Wednesday night. Each hour shows highlights of a WWF house show that took place at Madison Square Garden, originally telecast live on the network in the 1980s\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8277403\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"oldest arena in the National Hockey League and the second-oldest arena in the National Basketball Association. In 2016, MSG was the second-busiest music arena in the world in terms of ticket sales, behind The O2 Arena in London. Including two major renovations, its total construction cost is approximately $1.1 billion, and it has been ranked as one of the 10 most expensive stadium venues ever built. It is part of the Pennsylvania Plaza office and retail complex, named for the railroad station. Several other operating entities related to the Garden share its name. Madison Square is formed by the intersection\",\n \"psg_id\": \"818911\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2010 Pulitzer Prize\",\n \"text\": \"myopia\\\" and \\\"failure to appreciate new directions in playwriting\\\" for overlooking the three plays that were not running on Broadway at the time of the Award in favor of one that was. 2010 Pulitzer Prize The 2010 Pulitzer Prizes were awarded on Monday, April 12, 2010. In journalism, \\\"The Washington Post\\\" won four awards while \\\"The New York Times\\\" won three. For the first time, an online source, \\\"ProPublica\\\", won in what had previously been the sole province of print. A musical, \\\"Next to Normal\\\", won the Drama award for the first time in 14 years. Country singer-songwriter Hank Williams,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14469049\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"seasons. Madison Square Garden is seen as an obstacle in the renovation and future expansion of Penn Station, which is already expanding through the James Farley Post Office, and some have proposed moving MSG to other sites in western Manhattan. On February 15, 2013, Manhattan Community Board 5 voted 36–0 against granting a renewal to MSG's operating permit in perpetuity and proposed a 10-year limit instead in order to build a new Penn Station where the arena is currently standing. Manhattan borough president Scott Stringer said, \\\"Moving the arena is an important first step to improving Penn Station.\\\" The Madison\",\n \"psg_id\": \"818924\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New York City (1906)\",\n \"text\": \"The earlier annex was connect to the Metropolitan Life Tower by a bridge over 24th Street. A decade later the annex buildings were leveled, and the entire block bounded by 24th Street, 25th Street, Madison Avenue and Park Avenue South became the site of the Metropolitan Life North Building, still extant, which was designed to accommodate a building as high as 80 stories, of which only 30 were constructed. Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New York City (1906) Madison Square Presbyterian Church (demolished 1919) was a Presbyterian church in Manhattan, New York City, located on Madison Square Park at the northeast\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14341475\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lady Gaga Presents the Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"a capella. \\\"Lady Gaga Presents the Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square Garden\\\" was filmed at Madison Square Garden in Gaga's hometown of New York City, the two-hour special was directed by the singer's choreographer Laurieann Gibson and produced by HBO, with the first broadcast on the channel on May 7, 2011, a day after Gaga's last date of The Monster Ball Tour. The channel had released a trailer for the special in YouTube and a poster in their website, which showed Gaga with her characteristic pyrotechnic bra emitting sparks. According to \\\"Billboard\\\", the special was watched by 1.2 million\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15601424\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sports in the New York metropolitan area\",\n \"text\": \"Amerks, and in 1941–42, the Brooklyn Americans), who played between 1925 and 1942. They were the first hockey team to play in the city, and for most of the life of the franchise shared Madison Square Garden with the Rangers. The franchise was never a big winner, and disbanded during World War II due to financial problems and a depleted roster. The World Hockey Association team called the New York Raiders and later the New York Golden Blades played at Madison Square Garden and Cherry Hill, New Jersey from 1972 until 1974 when they moved to San Diego. A few\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7026976\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pulitzer Prize Playhouse\",\n \"text\": \"Pulitzer Prize Playhouse The Pulitzer Prize Playhouse is an American television anthology drama series which offered adaptations of Pulitzer Prize winning plays, stories and novels. The distinguished journalist Elmer Davis was the host and narrator of this 1950-52 ABC series. Sponsored by Milwaukee's Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company, the 60-minute show opened with theme music by Bernard Green. Columbia University's Pulitzer School of Journalism, which made the annual Pulitzer awards, benefited from its agreement with Schlitz and ABC, receiving $100,000 from Schlitz for its cooperation. However, the show made no mention of Columbia or the Pulitzer School of Journalism. Plays in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11693287\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden (film)\",\n \"text\": \"Madison Square Garden (film) Madison Square Garden is a 1932 American Pre-Code drama film directed by Harry Joe Brown and written by Thomson Burtis, Allen Rivkin and P.J. Wolfson. The film stars Jack Oakie, Thomas Meighan, Marian Nixon, William Collier, Sr., ZaSu Pitts, Lew Cody and William \\\"Stage\\\" Boyd. The film was released on November 4, 1932, by Paramount Pictures. Actual boxers like Jack Johnson, Billy Papke and Tom Sharkey and actual sports journalists like Paul Gallico, Grantland Rice and Damon Runyan appear in the story as themselves. Middleweight contender Eddie Burke needs to change managers after his, Doc Williams,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18609202\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New York City (1906)\",\n \"text\": \"Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New York City (1906) Madison Square Presbyterian Church (demolished 1919) was a Presbyterian church in Manhattan, New York City, located on Madison Square Park at the northeast corner of East 24th Street and Madison Avenue. It was designed by Stanford White in a High Renaissance architectural style, with a prominent central dome over a cubical central space in an abbreviated Greek cross plan; it was built in 1906. The inaugural service was on 14 October. The congregation's church had previously been located on the opposing, southeast corner of Madison and 24th Street, in a Gothic-style structure,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14341469\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pulitzer Prize for Poetry\",\n \"text\": \"years to 2013, the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry was awarded 92 times. Two were given in 2008, none in 1946. Robert Frost won the prize four times and several others won it more than once (below). Indented entries are finalists after each year's winner. Indented entries are finalists after each year's winner. Indented entries are finalists after each year's winner. Two prizes were awarded in 2008. Indented entries are finalists after each year's winner. Robert Frost won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry four times from 1924 to 1943. Edwin Arlington Robinson won three prizes during the 1920s and several people\",\n \"psg_id\": \"591311\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"WWE Live from Madison Square Garden\",\n \"text\": \"to climb back in. Rollins then attempted a Frog Splash off the top of the cage but Cena moved out of the way and executed an Attitude Adjustment to retain the title. After the match, Kane performed a Chokeslam and a Tombstone Piledriver on Rollins. WWE Live from Madison Square Garden Live from Madison Square Garden, also called Live from MSG: Lesnar vs. Big Show, was a professional wrestling event produced by WWE, an American-based promotion, that aired exclusively on the WWE Network. It took place on October 3, 2015 and was broadcast from Madison Square Garden. The event was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19032374\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting\",\n \"text\": \"Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting The Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting has been awarded since 1953, under one name or another, for a distinguished example of investigative reporting by an individual or team, presented as a single article or series in print journalism. The Pulitzer Prize is only given to journalists whose works have appeared in US newspapers, drastically limiting the number of journalists and scope of investigative reporting that may be awarded. It is administered by the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism in New York City. From 1953 through 1963, the category was known as the Pulitzer Prize\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2797245\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the New York Rangers\",\n \"text\": \"technical staff. Larry's real name is Larry Goodman. When the Rangers score a goal at Madison Square Garden the \\\"Slapshot\\\" (aka \\\"The New York Rangers Goal Song\\\") song is played following three blasts of a NYC Fire Engine horn. The song made its debut on January 20, 1995, the night the 1994 Stanley Cup Champion Banner was raised to the rafters. It was written by Ray Castoldi, the Music Director at Madison Square Garden. The song can be heard here. After every home victory the \\\"New York Rangers Victory Song\\\" is played. It was written in 1940 by J. Fred\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8590362\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Garden (1890)\",\n \"text\": \"New Jersey, and the Franklin Athletic Club represented western Pennsylvania. The Franklin Athletic Club would go on to claim the event's final title. On January 8, 1909, Matthew Maloney finished ahead of James Crowley and Sidney Hatch in an indoor marathon before 5,000 \\\"wildly cheering\\\" spectators held within the Garden. Maloney was reported to have set a new indoor record for the event (2:54:45.4). The Garden continued to host The Westminster Kennel Club's annual dog show. This championship is the second longest running U.S. sporting event (behind only the Kentucky Derby). Boxing has a long history at Madison Square Garden.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13293046\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"University of Chicago\",\n \"text\": \"Mayer, four-time Pulitzer Prize winning journalist Rick Atkinson, statistical analyst and \\\"FiveThirtyEight\\\" founder and creator Nate Silver, and CBS News correspondent Rebecca Jarvis. In literature, author of the New York Times bestseller \\\"Before I Fall\\\" Lauren Oliver, Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist Philip Roth, Canadian-born Pulitzer Prize and Nobel Prize for Literature winning writer Saul Bellow, political philosopher, literary critic and author of the New York Times bestseller \\\"The Closing of the American Mind\\\" Allan Bloom, author of \\\"The Big Country\\\" and Matt Helm spy novels Donald Hamilton, \\\"The Good War\\\" author Studs Terkel, writer, essayist, filmmaker, teacher, and political activist Susan\",\n \"psg_id\": \"439904\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square and Madison Square Park\",\n \"text\": \"The park and the square are at the northern (uptown) end of the Flatiron District neighborhood of Manhattan. The neighborhood to the north and west of the park is NoMad (\\\"NOrth of MADison Square Park\\\") and to the north and east is Rose Hill. Madison Square is probably best known around the world for providing the name of Madison Square Garden, a sports arena and its successor which were located just northeast of the park for 47 years, until 1925. The current Madison Square Garden, the fourth such building, is not in the area. Notable buildings around Madison Square include\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4792954\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["john steinbeck iii","steinbeck","stienbeck, john","john steinback","john steinbeck fellowship","john stienbeck","john ernst steinbeck","steinbeck, john","steinbeck country","john steinbeck","steinbeckian","steinbeck country","john ernst steinbeck iii","j. steinbeck","john steinbeck","john ernst steinbeck, jr."],"string":"[\n \"john steinbeck iii\",\n \"steinbeck\",\n \"stienbeck, john\",\n \"john steinback\",\n \"john steinbeck fellowship\",\n \"john stienbeck\",\n \"john ernst steinbeck\",\n \"steinbeck, john\",\n \"steinbeck country\",\n \"john steinbeck\",\n \"steinbeckian\",\n \"steinbeck country\",\n \"john ernst steinbeck iii\",\n \"j. steinbeck\",\n \"john steinbeck\",\n \"john ernst steinbeck, jr.\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":287,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"in what play does the title character have a son named swiss cheese?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Swiss cheese","text":"debris such as hay dust in the milk played a role in reduced hole size in Swiss cheeses, or even \"blind cheese\". Historically, the holes were seen as a sign of imperfection and cheese makers originally tried to avoid them by pressing during production. In modern times, the holes have become an identifier of the cheese. In general, the larger the eyes in a Swiss cheese, the more pronounced its flavor because a longer fermentation period gives the bacteria more time to act. This poses a problem, however, because cheese with large eyes does not slice well and comes apart","psg_id":"359866"},{"title":"Swiss cheese","text":"in mechanical slicers. As a result, industry regulators have limited the eye size by which Swiss cheese receives the Grade A stamp. In 2014, 297.8 million pounds of Swiss cheese was reportedly produced in the United States. Baby Swiss and Lacy Swiss are two varieties of American Swiss cheeses. Both have small holes and a mild flavor. Baby Swiss is made from whole milk, and Lacy Swiss is made from low fat milk. Baby Swiss was developed in the mid-1960s outside of Charm, Ohio, by the Guggisberg Cheese Company, owned by Alfred Guggisberg. Swiss cheese Swiss cheese is a generic","psg_id":"359867"},{"title":"Swiss cheese","text":"Swiss cheese Swiss cheese is a generic name in North America for several related varieties of cheese, mainly of North American manufacture, which resemble Emmental cheese, a yellow, medium-hard cheese that originated in the area around Emmental, in Switzerland. Some types of Swiss cheese have a distinctive appearance, as the blocks of the cheese are riddled with holes known as \"eyes\". Swiss cheese without eyes is known as \"blind\". (The term is applied to cheeses of this style made outside Switzerland, such as Jarlsberg cheese, which originates in Norway). Three types of bacteria are used in the production of Emmental","psg_id":"359864"},{"title":"Swiss cheese features","text":"Swiss cheese features Swiss cheese features (SCFs) are curious pits in the south polar ice cap of Mars (Mare Australe quadrangle) named from their similarity to the holes in Swiss cheese. They were first seen in 2000 using Mars Orbiter Camera imagery. They are typically a few hundred meters across and 8 metres deep, with a flat base and steep sides. They tend to have similar bean-like shapes with a cusp pointing towards the south pole, indicating that insolation is involved in their formation. The angle of the Sun probably contributes to their roundness. Near the Martian summer solstice, the","psg_id":"9771812"},{"title":"Swiss cheese (mathematics)","text":"Swiss cheese (mathematics) In mathematics, a Swiss cheese is a compact subset of the complex plane obtained by removing from a closed disc some countable union of open discs, usually with some restriction on the centres and radii of the removed discs. Traditionally the deleted discs should have pairwise disjoint closures which are subsets of the interior of the starting disc, the sum of the radii of the deleted discs should be finite, and the Swiss cheese should have empty interior. This is the type of Swiss cheese originally introduced by the Swiss mathematician Alice Roth. More generally, a Swiss","psg_id":"10292246"},{"title":"Swiss cheese model","text":"be the result of \"system flaws, not character flaws\", and that greed, ignorance, malice or laziness are not the only causes of error. Lubnau, Lubnau, and Okray apply the model to the engineering of firefighting systems, aiming to reduce human errors by \"inserting additional layers of cheese into the system\", namely the techniques of Crew Resource Management. This is one of the many models listed, with references, in. Kamoun and Nicho found the Swiss cheese model to be a useful theoretical model to explain the multifaceted (human, organizational and technological) aspects of healthcare data breaches. Swiss cheese model The Swiss","psg_id":"9736376"},{"title":"Swiss cheese features","text":"research with HiRISE showed that the pits are in a 1-10 meter thick layer of dry ice that is sitting on a much larger water ice cap. Pits have been observed to begin with small areas along faint fractures. The circular pits have steep walls that work to focus sunlight, thereby increasing erosion. For a pit to develop, a steep wall of about 10 cm and a length of over 5 meters is necessary. Swiss cheese features Swiss cheese features (SCFs) are curious pits in the south polar ice cap of Mars (Mare Australe quadrangle) named from their similarity to","psg_id":"9771814"},{"title":"Swiss cheese","text":"cheese: \"Streptococcus salivarius\" subspecies \"thermophilus\" (also known as \"Streptococcus thermophilus\"), \"Lactobacillus\" (\"Lactobacillus helveticus\" or \"Lactobacillus delbrueckii\" subspecies \"bulgaricus\"), and \"Propionibacterium\" (\"Propionibacterium freudenreichii\" subspecies \"shermani\"). In a late stage of cheese production, the propionibacteria consume the lactic acid excreted by the other bacteria and release acetate, propionic acid, and carbon dioxide gas. The carbon dioxide slowly forms the bubbles that develop the \"eyes\". The acetate and propionic acid give Swiss its nutty and sweet flavor. A hypothesis proposed by Swiss researchers in 2015 notes that particulate matter may also play a role in the holes' development and that modern sanitation eliminated","psg_id":"359865"},{"title":"Swiss cheese (mathematics)","text":"cheese may be all or part of Euclidean space R – or of an even more complicated manifold – with \"holes\" in it. Swiss cheese (mathematics) In mathematics, a Swiss cheese is a compact subset of the complex plane obtained by removing from a closed disc some countable union of open discs, usually with some restriction on the centres and radii of the removed discs. Traditionally the deleted discs should have pairwise disjoint closures which are subsets of the interior of the starting disc, the sum of the radii of the deleted discs should be finite, and the Swiss cheese","psg_id":"10292247"},{"title":"Swiss Cheese Union","text":"they were both regional dishes. The Swiss Cheese Union sponsored the 1992-1993 Swiss National Ski Team. The team wore yellow ski suits with simulated cheese holes. Swiss Cheese Union The Swiss Cheese Union (, ) was a marketing and trading organization in Switzerland, which from 1914 to 1999 served as a cartel to control cheese production. To this end, the Swiss Cheese Union mandated production be limited to only 3 varieties: Gruyere, Emmental, and Sbrinz, and bought the entire production and distribution of cheese at prices set by the Swiss Federal Council. It also coordinated the national and international marketing","psg_id":"3482943"},{"title":"Swiss Cheese Union","text":"Swiss Cheese Union The Swiss Cheese Union (, ) was a marketing and trading organization in Switzerland, which from 1914 to 1999 served as a cartel to control cheese production. To this end, the Swiss Cheese Union mandated production be limited to only 3 varieties: Gruyere, Emmental, and Sbrinz, and bought the entire production and distribution of cheese at prices set by the Swiss Federal Council. It also coordinated the national and international marketing for these three varieties of cheese. The Swiss Cheese Union was successful in campaigning for cheese fondue and raclette becoming national dishes in Switzerland. Before that,","psg_id":"3482942"},{"title":"What a Life (play)","text":"What a Life (play) What a Life is a 1938 Broadway play by Clifford Goldsmith. \"What a Life\" is set in Central High School, with action primarily occurring in the principal's office. The main character, Henry Aldrich, \"thinks he is dumb because his father won a Phi Beta Kappa key at college.\" During the play, Aldrich faces charges that he caused a disturbance in class and that he stole brass instruments from the band. He also has to deal with a student who bullies him. The play was copyrighted on July 7, 1936, under the title \"Enter to Learn\". After","psg_id":"20173007"},{"title":"Chuck E. Cheese (character)","text":"Chuck E. Cheese (character) Charles Entertainment \"Chuck E.\" Cheese is the anthropomorphic mouse mascot of the Chuck E. Cheese's chain of family entertainment centers. Chuck's official backstory is that he is an orphaned mouse who does not know his own birthday. His orphanage was called St. Marinara's orphanage. To make up for never having a birthday party of his own, he hosts parties for children. After winning a \"Pong\" tournament, Chuck moved to New York and started working as a singer at an Italian restaurant, where he also met and befriended a musically-inclined chef named Pasqually. Eventually, he moved to","psg_id":"11332656"},{"title":"Swiss cheese model","text":"Swiss cheese model The Swiss cheese model of accident causation is a model used in risk analysis and risk management, including aviation safety, engineering, healthcare, emergency service organizations, and as the principle behind layered security, as used in computer security and defense in depth. It likens human systems to multiple slices of swiss cheese, stacked side by side, in which the risk of a threat becoming a reality is mitigated by the differing layers and types of defences which are \"layered\" behind each other. Therefore, in theory, lapses and weaknesses in one defense do not allow a risk to materialize,","psg_id":"9736370"},{"title":"Swiss cheese model","text":"months until they contribute to the accident. Latent failures span the first three domains of failure in Reason's model. In the early days of the Swiss Cheese model, late 1980 to about 1992, attempts were made to combine two theories: James Reason multi-layer defence model and Willem Albert Wagenaar’s Tripod theory of accident causation. This resulted in a period where the Swiss Cheese diagram was represented with the slices of cheese labels as Active Failures, Preconditions and latent failures. These attempts to combine both theories still causes confusion today. A more correct version of the combined theories is shown with","psg_id":"9736374"},{"title":"The Prodigal Son (play)","text":"him decide that a play was the best solution. Zapffe is said to have considered Jesus to be western culture's most tragic character, according to his findings presented in his treatise \"On the tragic\" (1941) and its definition of the \"objectively tragical\". His findings were later presented in his short biography of Jesus called \"Rikets hemmelighet \"(en. \"The Secret of the Kingdom\") of 1985. The Prodigal Son (play) The Prodigal Son: a dramatic renarration () written by Norwegian author and philosopher Peter Wessel Zapffe (1899–1990) in 1951, is a dramatized representation of the life of Jesus, named Immanuel in Zapffe's","psg_id":"1974923"},{"title":"Chuck E. Cheese (character)","text":"California and created his own restaurant franchise, with Pasqually becoming his star chef and later joining his band. Chuck was originally found in Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatre, a restaurant founded by Nolan Bushnell (founder of Atari) in 1977. An animatronic Chuck E. performed. Chuck E. Cheese (character) Charles Entertainment \"Chuck E.\" Cheese is the anthropomorphic mouse mascot of the Chuck E. Cheese's chain of family entertainment centers. Chuck's official backstory is that he is an orphaned mouse who does not know his own birthday. His orphanage was called St. Marinara's orphanage. To make up for never having a","psg_id":"11332657"},{"title":"The Prodigal Son (play)","text":"He intentionally solicited the betrayal himself in order to fulfill the Messianic prophecies, through which he wanted to apprehend what he considered his birthright: the throne of King Herod. Zapffe thought Jesus was fully convinced he was the only living son of Herod Antipas, hence his only heir (except for Salomé). Judas is a central character in the play, being Jesus' closest friend from childhood. The play has never been produced because of its extensive requirements, including entire cities with massive buildings and numerous extras. In the foreword, Zapffe explains that the dramatic character of the material he gathered made","psg_id":"1974922"},{"title":"My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done?","text":"My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done? My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done? is a 2009 American-German film directed by Werner Herzog and produced by David Lynch, inspired by the story of murderer Mark Yavorsky. Herzog describes the film as \"a horror film without the blood, chainsaws and gore, but with a strange, anonymous fear creeping up in you.\" The film is an international co-production between the United States and Germany. The film was conceived and written in 1995, but Herzog and co-writer Herbert Golder were unable to find anyone to produce it. Lynch eventually became interested,","psg_id":"13104084"},{"title":"Does a Tiger Wear a Necktie?","text":"isolation, or find strength in love. The play, however, was characterized as more of a documentary about the lives of addicts and our rehabilitation system. It does not provide morality or solutions. It leaves judgment to the audience. Does a Tiger Wear a Necktie? Does a Tiger Wear a Necktie? is a play written in 1969 by Don Petersen. It has three acts, and helped to launch the careers of actors Al Pacino and Ron Thompson. The title of the play is explained by the character Fullendorf, who said, \"Does a tiger wear a necktie? It ain't for us to","psg_id":"8771969"},{"title":"My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done?","text":"of 100, based on 13 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Jeff Shannon of the \"Seattle Times\" called the film \"One of Herzog's quirky misfires,\" while Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" said the film \"Confounds all convention and denies all expected pleasures, providing instead the delight of watching Herzog feed the police hostage formula into the Mixmaster of his imagination.\" My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done? My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done? is a 2009 American-German film directed by Werner Herzog and produced by David Lynch, inspired by the story of murderer Mark Yavorsky. Herzog","psg_id":"13104100"},{"title":"What a Life (play)","text":"Aldrich Family\", was broadcast for three seasons. What a Life (play) What a Life is a 1938 Broadway play by Clifford Goldsmith. \"What a Life\" is set in Central High School, with action primarily occurring in the principal's office. The main character, Henry Aldrich, \"thinks he is dumb because his father won a Phi Beta Kappa key at college.\" During the play, Aldrich faces charges that he caused a disturbance in class and that he stole brass instruments from the band. He also has to deal with a student who bullies him. The play was copyrighted on July 7, 1936,","psg_id":"20173010"},{"title":"Swiss cheese model","text":"and specific acts.For example, in aviation, preconditions for unsafe acts include fatigued air crew or improper communications practices. Unsafe supervision encompasses for example, pairing inexperienced pilots on a night flight into known adverse weather. Organizational influences encompass such things as reduction in expenditure on pilot training in times of financial austerity. In the Swiss cheese model, an organisation's defenses against failure are modeled as a series of barriers, represented as slices of cheese. The holes in the slices represent weaknesses in individual parts of the system and are continually varying in size and position across the slices. The system produces","psg_id":"9736372"},{"title":"The Prodigal Son (play)","text":"The Prodigal Son (play) The Prodigal Son: a dramatic renarration () written by Norwegian author and philosopher Peter Wessel Zapffe (1899–1990) in 1951, is a dramatized representation of the life of Jesus, named Immanuel in Zapffe's play. The play is a dramatic biography of Jesus, influenced by the philosophical thoughts represented in the essay \"Den sidste Messias\" (en. \"The Last Messiah\") published in 1933 and Zapffe's philosophical treatise, \"Om det tragiske\" (en. \"On the Tragic\") published in 1941. Zapffe asserts that Jesus, like most people in the past and present, misinterpreted what it means to be human on this earth.","psg_id":"1974921"},{"title":"Does a Tiger Wear a Necktie?","text":"Does a Tiger Wear a Necktie? Does a Tiger Wear a Necktie? is a play written in 1969 by Don Petersen. It has three acts, and helped to launch the careers of actors Al Pacino and Ron Thompson. The title of the play is explained by the character Fullendorf, who said, \"Does a tiger wear a necktie? It ain't for us to go straight. We're like the tigers. We always chucked on raw meat. We was raised on it, and we like it.\" \"Does a tiger wear a necktie? No, it would be against his nature - and reform is","psg_id":"8771964"},{"title":"What Kate Does","text":"What Kate Does \"What Kate Does\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \"Lost\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \"What Kate Does\" was first aired February 9, 2010, on ABC in the United States and on CTV in Canada. Kate Austen is the character on whom the episode is centered. In December 2007, Kate Austen chases after James \"Sawyer\" Ford (Josh Holloway), who escapes from the Others' captivity in the island's temple and is grieving over","psg_id":"13810760"},{"title":"The Play What I Wrote","text":"The Play What I Wrote The Play What I Wrote is a comedy play written by Hamish McColl, Sean Foley and Eddie Braben, starring Foley and McColl (the double act The Right Size, playing characters named \"Sean\" and \"Hamish\"), with Toby Jones, directed by Kenneth Branagh and produced in its original production by David Pugh and Dafydd Rogers. The show is a celebration of the British double act Morecambe and Wise, and an irreverent and farcical exploration of the nature of double acts in general. Its title is drawn from one of Morecambe and Wise's catchphrases, as is \"A Tight","psg_id":"11463657"},{"title":"Gruyère cheese","text":"the longest part of the production of the Le Gruyere Switzerland AOC is the \"affinage\" (French for \"maturation\"). According to the AOC, the cellars to mature a Swiss Gruyère must have a climate close to that of a natural cave. This means that the humidity should be between 94% and 98%. If the humidity is lower, the cheese dries out. If the humidity is too high, the cheese does not mature and becomes smeary and gluey. The temperature of the caves should be between and . This relatively high temperature is required for excellent quality cheese. Lower quality cheeses result","psg_id":"643981"},{"title":"Cheese slaw","text":"prepared using grated cheese, crumbled or cubed cheese, grated carrot, and a mayonnaise dressing. Cheese slaw is very similar to some coleslaw recipes, but is distinguished by the inclusion of cheese. Cheddar cheese is typically used in the salad's preparation, although other cheeses such as blue and Swiss are sometimes used. It often does not contain cabbage, as per coleslaw, although cabbage is occasionally used. Cheese slaw may contain other vegetables, such as chives, spring onions, shallots, parsley, and broccoli. In the United States, cheese slaw is sometimes prepared using blue cheese, and is sometimes used as a hot dog","psg_id":"10024245"},{"title":"My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done?","text":"created by computer people who do not have a sensibility or understanding for the value of high-precision mechanics, which has a 200-year history.\" The film premiered at the 2009 Venice Film Festival on September 5, 2009. After a very limited festival and theatrical release, a DVD was released on September 14, 2010. Reviews for \"My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done\" have been mixed. Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 48% of 42 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating was 5.7/10. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 59 out","psg_id":"13104099"},{"title":"Cheese ripening","text":"If white-mould spores have not been added to the cheese milk, the cheese maker applies them to the cheese either by spraying the cheese with a suspension of mould spores in water, or by immersing the cheese in a bath containing spores of, e.g., \"Penicillium candida\". The round holes that are a characteristic feature of Swiss-type cheese (e.g. Emmentaler cheese) and some Dutch-type cheeses are called \"eyes\". They are bubbles of carbon dioxide that is produced by bacteria in the cheese. In Swiss-type cheeses, the eyes form as a result of the activity of propionic acid bacteria (\"propionibacteria\"), notably \"Propionibacterium","psg_id":"15022351"},{"title":"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)","text":"neighborhood in Edwards Landing, Leesburg, Virginia, who every Halloween creates an LED light show with a hit song. This song appears in \"Just Dance 2015\". This song for Leicester City title song parody \"What do the Foxes Say?\" in 442oons video. !scope=\"col\" colspan=\"3\"| Streaming Note: The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, \"The Fox\" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views","psg_id":"17544507"},{"title":"Brick cheese","text":"the fat and moisture content of brick cheese must be. This Standard of Identity does not take into account that brick cheese should be surface ripened with \"B. linens\". Brick is an American cheese, made in rectangular loaves, that was first produced in Wisconsin in 1877 by John Jossi, a cheese maker of Swiss descent. The loaf-shaped cheese displays numerous fine holes when it is sliced. When young, it is sweet and mild; after aging, it tastes somewhat like a mild Limburger or cheddar, and has been compared to a Danish Tilsit. Corynebacterium and Arthrobacter are the necessary bacterial genera","psg_id":"6024176"},{"title":"What Difference Does It Make?","text":"of the Smiths'. The character Ray Smith in the Jack Kerouac novel \"The Dharma Bums\" repeatedly says \"What difference does it make?\" as well as \"Pretty girls make graves\", the title of another track featured on \"The Smiths\". The single cover is a photograph of Terence Stamp, taken on the set of the film \"The Collector\". Originally Stamp denied permission for the still to be used, and some pressings featured Morrissey in a re-enacted scene. In the re-enactment, Morrissey is holding a glass of milk, as opposed to a chloroform pad in the original. However, Stamp later changed his mind,","psg_id":"8014932"},{"title":"The Two-Character Play","text":"seen to be his most personal interpretation. It took Williams over ten years to write \"The Two-Character Play\", longer than any other play, and it illustrates an innovation in his writing style. The characters in this play, Felice and Clare, are two actors on tour; they are also brother and sister. They find themselves deserted by their acting troupe in a decrepit \"state theatre in an unknown state\". Faced (perhaps) by an audience expecting a performance, they enact \"The Two-Character Play\" – an illusion within an illusion, an 'out cry' from isolation, panic, and fear. (\"Out Cry\" was the title","psg_id":"12517394"},{"title":"The Two-Character Play","text":"The Two-Character Play The Two Character Play (also known as \"Out Cry\" in one of its alternate versions) is an American play by Tennessee Williams that premiered in London at the Hampstead Theatre in December 1967. Williams himself had great affection for the play, and described it as follows: After winning critical and popular acclaim with his earlier plays, Williams wanted to experiment and expand his writing style. His later creations had more in common with playwrights Samuel Beckett and the emerging Harold Pinter than with what the name Tennessee Williams had come to signify. Although the play is a","psg_id":"12517391"},{"title":"Swiss cheese model","text":"since other defenses also exist, to prevent a single point of failure. The model was originally formally propounded by Dante Orlandella and James T. Reason of the University of Manchester, and has since gained widespread acceptance. It is sometimes called the cumulative act effect. Although the Swiss cheese model is respected and considered to be a useful method of relating concepts, it has been subject to criticism that it is used too broadly, and without enough other models or support. Reason hypothesized that most accidents can be traced to one or more of four failure domains: organizational influences, supervision, preconditions,","psg_id":"9736371"},{"title":"Jarlsberg cheese","text":"Larsen Bakke (1815–1899), a farmer and pioneer in Norway's dairy industry, produced cheese in the village of Våle in what was then the county of Jarlsberg and Larviks Amt (now Vestfold), south of Oslo. The cheese shares similarities with Emmental, introduced to Vestfold by Swiss cheese makers during the 1830s. The cheese was first noted in the annual county report of Jarlsberg and Larviks Amt in 1855. After several years of popularity marked by a large volume of production Jarlsberg disappeared from the market. Modern Jarlsberg cheese was developed in 1956 by Ole Martin Ystgaard of the Dairy Institute at","psg_id":"2556631"},{"title":"Cheese dog","text":"dog\" can consist of a hot dog topped with ingredient combinations such as corned beef, sauerkraut, Swiss cheese and Russian dressing. A Seattle-style hot dog, sometimes referred to as a \"Seattle Dog,\" is a hot dog topped with cream cheese that has become popular in Seattle, Washington. A \"Swiss schnauzer\" is a regional variation consisting of a bratwurst served with Swiss cheese and sauerkraut. In San Diego, California, a Swiss-style hot dog called a \"Swiener\" is prepared with a hot dog and Raclette cheese stuffed inside of hollowed-out baguette bread. A Texas Tommy is prepared with bacon and cheese. Cheese","psg_id":"8455964"},{"title":"The Two-Character Play","text":"to delude themselves, escape from the reality of their deteriorating mental states. Consequently, the viewers themselves are confronted with the darker truths of what it is to be human. It was very experimental for its time. The language is heightened. There are slabs of verbosity juxtaposed with pauses and stunted sentences. \"The Two-Character Play\" is partially autobiographical. The actor Clare and especially the character Clare are loosely based on Williams’ sister, Rose, and the actor Felice and the character Felice on Williams himself. The \"confining nature of human existence\" was a major theme throughout his work and this play is","psg_id":"12517393"},{"title":"Play Without a Title","text":"Play Without a Title Play Without a Title, or \"Untitled Play\" (\"Comedia sin título\"), is an unfinished experimental play by the Spanish twentieth-century modernist playwright Federico García Lorca. Lorca conceived the work as a three-act drama and had referred to it by the title \"The Dream of Life\" (echoing, perhaps, Calderón's classic Golden-Age comedy \"Life is a Dream\"), but he completed only the first act. Lorca's play was probably written in 1935, but remained unpublished until 1978; it received its Spanish-language première in 1989 at the Teatro María Guerrero in Madrid, in a production directed by Lluís Pasqual. Gwynne Edwards,","psg_id":"10764689"},{"title":"Stilton cheese","text":"different to the very sweet perfumes you smell wafting down the street as someone walks past you.\". The search for an unpasteurised Stilton cheese was a plot element of a \"Chef!\" episode entitled \"The Big Cheese\", aired on the BBC One television station on 25 February 1993. A character named G. D'Arcy \"Stilton\" Cheesewright appears in several of the Jeeves novels of P. G. Wodehouse. Stilton cheese Stilton is an English cheese, produced in two varieties: Blue, known for its characteristic strong smell and taste, and the lesser-known White. Both have been granted the status of a protected designation of","psg_id":"1964058"},{"title":"A Streetcar Named Desire (opera)","text":"the opera that nothing around it can fill. Ms. Fleming does everything an opera singer can do, but I am not sure that Blanche is a character that opera can ever reach. As Stanley in a baritone part, Rodney Gilfry sings strongly and summons the necessary physical menace. Elizabeth Futral made Stella a satisfying operatic character (and) Anthony Dean Griffey sang touchingly and surely in the tenor role of Mitch. Other reviews have criticized the lengthy libretto (reportedly the Williams estate required a close following of the play), music that does not advance the characters or action, and does not","psg_id":"7167646"},{"title":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically","text":"of its icy church keyboards and delay-ridden guitars\". Chris Jenkins, in the book \"The Rough Guide to Rock\", however, called it \"as half-baked as its title\". What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \"Singing Rule Britannia","psg_id":"8050855"},{"title":"What Kate Does","text":"the death of his love Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell) just hours earlier. In flash sideways to September 22, 2004, Kate assists a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) while on the run as a fugitive. The title alludes to the second season episode \"What Kate Did\". \"What Kate Does\" was watched by eleven million Americans and received mixed reviews by audiences and critics alike. In flash sideways, Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) flees LAX in a taxicab she has hijacked, in which a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) is a passenger. The cab driver (David H. Lawrence XVII) bails and","psg_id":"13810761"},{"title":"Maasdam cheese","text":"Maasdam cheese Maasdam cheese () is a Swiss-style Dutch cheese. Made from cow's milk, it is aged for at least 4 weeks. It ripens faster than other Dutch cheeses. Maasdam has internal holes from the ripening process, and a smooth, yellow rind. Sometimes, it is waxed like Gouda. The cheese was created to compete with Swiss Emmental by being less expensive and quicker to produce. In the process of making a cheese with the same general components as Swiss cheeses, the Dutch ended up with a cheese that is nutty and sweet, but softer than Emmental due to a higher","psg_id":"9157764"},{"title":"Play Without a Title","text":"a far more politically orientated, almost Brechtian direction. In 2014 the Liberal Arts College Theatre Society (LACTS) adapted Lorca's play to Montréal's unique political setting. Five performances were given at Mainline Theatre in Montréal. Under the direction of Alex Enescu and co-direction of Ryan Tellier the production was voted as the #1 play of 2014 by the prestigious \"Cult(ure) Montréal\" magazine. Play Without a Title Play Without a Title, or \"Untitled Play\" (\"Comedia sin título\"), is an unfinished experimental play by the Spanish twentieth-century modernist playwright Federico García Lorca. Lorca conceived the work as a three-act drama and had referred","psg_id":"10764691"},{"title":"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!","text":"year: What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch! \"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!\" (; sometimes separated by exclamation mark instead of comma) is a catchphrase and winged word from Alexander Pushkin's correspondence with one of his friends, poet Pyotr Vyazemsky. The phrase commonly expresses a joy after finishing one's work and appears particularly in several Russian literary works. In a letter dated circa November 7 or beginning of October, 1825 Pushkin, celebrating his finished drama \"Boris Godunov\" wrote to Vyazemsky: That was preceded by what Pushkin wrote to Vyazemsky on July 13 of the","psg_id":"11886157"},{"title":"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!","text":"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch! \"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!\" (; sometimes separated by exclamation mark instead of comma) is a catchphrase and winged word from Alexander Pushkin's correspondence with one of his friends, poet Pyotr Vyazemsky. The phrase commonly expresses a joy after finishing one's work and appears particularly in several Russian literary works. In a letter dated circa November 7 or beginning of October, 1825 Pushkin, celebrating his finished drama \"Boris Godunov\" wrote to Vyazemsky: That was preceded by what Pushkin wrote to Vyazemsky on July 13 of the same","psg_id":"11886156"},{"title":"What a Friend We Have in Jesus","text":"\"In spite of the fact that this hymn, with its tune, has been criticized as being too much on the order of the sentimental gospel type, its popularity remains strong, and the hymn retains a place in modern hymnals.\" In some settings, the lyrics have been matched to other tunes such as the Welsh \"Calon Lân\" (originally wedded to the Welsh poem translated as \"A Pure Heart\"). In Japan, the hymn's title was originally translated as , which is what it is best known by. In 1910, Daisui Sugitani re-wrote the lyrics in Japanese and changed the title to .","psg_id":"10170719"},{"title":"Liederkranz cheese","text":"Liederkranz cheese Liederkranz is an American re-creation of Limburger cheese, made subtly different by the use of a different bacterial culture for smear-ripening. Liederkranz is a cow's milk cheese, with an edible pale yellow-orange tan crust, and a semisoft, pale interior with a mildly pungent flavor and distinct aroma that could become unpleasantly ammonia-like if aged incorrectly. Liederkranz was created in 1891 by Emil Frey (1867–1951), a young Swiss cheesemaker in Monroe, New York, who later created Velveeta there in 1923. Frey named the cheese after a local singing society, a Liederkranz Club (\"singing circle\"), perhaps the famous one in","psg_id":"3895206"},{"title":"Little Cheese","text":"Little Cheese Little Cheese (real name Chester Cheese alias \"Benjamin Crow\") is a fictional character in the DC Comics universe, an anthropomorphic mouse. Chester Cheese is a superhero who lives on the otherdimensional world of Earth-C, an alternate Earth populated by sentient animals. His first appearance was in \"Captain Carrot and His Amazing Zoo Crew\" #12 (February 1983). Chester Cheese was the son of Dr. Edam Cheese, who was conducting research on the \"Lunar Longhorn,\" a type of cheese found on the moon by astronauts. Upon returning home one evening, Chester found his father murdered, with the killer locking him","psg_id":"7554413"},{"title":"Does God Play Dice?","text":"and the gravitational attraction of a creature in a distant galaxy can change the fate of the solar system.\" The title of the book is a reference to a famous quote by Albert Einstein. Does God Play Dice? Does God Play Dice: The New Mathematics of Chaos is a non-fiction book about chaos theory written by British mathematician Ian Stewart. The book was initially published by Blackwell Publishing in 1989. In this book, Stewart explains chaos theory to an audience presumably unfamiliar with it. As the book progresses the writing changes from simple explanations of chaos theory to in-depth, rigorous","psg_id":"13197575"},{"title":"Richard Cheese","text":"Richard Cheese Richard Cheese & Lounge Against the Machine is a cover band and comedy act, performing popular songs in a lounge/swing style, reminiscent of Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, and Tony Bennett. Lounge singer Richard Cheese is a character created and portrayed by Los Angeles-based actor/comedian Mark Jonathan Davis. Davis developed the Richard Cheese lounge singer idea in the mid-1990s while working as a producer at KROQ-FM in Los Angeles. Davis portrayed a character named \"Paul The 55-Year-Old Intern\" on the Kevin and Bean morning show, and Paul recorded a single called \"Paul on 45\", which was a humorous medley","psg_id":"4368716"},{"title":"What Does the K Stand For?","text":"feel less like real people than excuses to weave in a few good dad jokes\". Overall, Elan found, \"What lifts the show are the elements of diaspora life weaved throughout, as when Aunty Princess visits from Nigeria and accuses Virginia [Stephen's mother] of cultural betrayal ('You have adopted too many fine and fancy British ways'). Stephen defends the family by suggesting she should 'go back home', prompting him to reflect that he has turned into his own racist enemy. It's unexpectedly thoughtful stuff, suggesting the third series may be even better.\" What Does the K Stand For? What Does the","psg_id":"19980608"},{"title":"Grace (play)","text":"Grace (play) Grace is a 21st-century play written by Mick Gordon and A. C. Grayling. The title character, a cynical atheist science professor, is participating in a psychology experiment in Canada in which the scientists claim to have developed a helmet that can invoke religious experiences. Grace, although skeptical (when asked what the helmet is called, she mockingly answers, \"The God Helmet\"), is mesmerized by the feelings she experiences while using the device. Throughout the play, she is \"pulled out of the scene\" and asked questions about her experiences. Grace's son, Tom, is considering becoming a priest, and when Grace","psg_id":"13178650"},{"title":"What Kate Does","text":"that it by no means compared to \"LA X\", but stated that it \"contain[ed] scenes of incredible beauty, based on character work and stakes earned over five seasons [that] made it a fine, if imperfect, hour.\" McGee also commented that the scene in which Claire arrives at the hospital and is helped by Ethan as \"freakin' outstanding\" and called \"What Kate Does\" \"one of the funniest in the show's history. Aldo, Hurley, and Miles all got off plenty of zingers, which will be necessary in a season in which both mythological and dramatic stakes are raising higher and higher each","psg_id":"13810777"},{"title":"South (Martian crater)","text":"what was likely a central peak. Layers are dominant in most parts of the crater. Very close to the crater there is what has been named \"Swiss cheese\" features. Swiss cheese features (SCFs) are pits so named because they look like the holes in Swiss cheese. They were first seen in 2000 using Mars Orbiter Camera imagery. They are usually a few hundred meters across and 8 metres deep, with a flat base and steep sides. They tend to have similar bean-like shapes with a cusp pointing towards the south pole. The angle of the sun probably contributes to their","psg_id":"18585858"},{"title":"Cheese dream","text":"of bread and cheese in updates of the classic cheese dream of yore. Pumpernickel, dark brown and rye bread have been used, topped with Swiss cheese, Gouda and havarti respectively. Other options include apples with mozzarella, peaches with edam and pear with gorgonzola or brie; Italian herbs, sun-dried tomatoes and mozzarella; or turkey and ham, with which \"a variation on a Monte Cristo\" can also be created. Scott Fletcher of the Grafton Village Cheese Company makes cheese dreams with rustic country bread, sharp Cheddar cheese, white pepper, eggs, milk, unsalted butter and maple syrup. The open faced sandwiches make an","psg_id":"14260008"},{"title":"The purpose of a system is what it does","text":"be balanced by a more straightforwardly descriptive view. The term is used in many fields including biology and management. The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said \"According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes","psg_id":"11958748"},{"title":"The purpose of a system is what it does","text":"The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said \"According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes a better starting point in seeking understanding than the familiar attributions of good intention, prejudices about expectations, moral judgment,","psg_id":"11958746"},{"title":"Gruyère cheese","text":"and 2015. Gruyère cheese Gruyère ( or ; , German: \"Greyerzer\") is a hard yellow cheese that originated in the cantons of Fribourg, Vaud, Neuchâtel, Jura, and Bern in Switzerland. It is named after the town of Gruyères. Before 2001, when Gruyère gained the \"appellation d'origine contrôlée\" (AOC, now AOP) status as a Swiss cheese, some controversy existed whether French cheeses of a similar nature could also be labelled \"Gruyère\" (French Gruyère-style cheeses include Comté and Beaufort). Gruyère is sweet but slightly salty, with a flavor that varies widely with age. It is often described as creamy and nutty when","psg_id":"643984"},{"title":"Gruyère cheese","text":"Gruyère cheese Gruyère ( or ; , German: \"Greyerzer\") is a hard yellow cheese that originated in the cantons of Fribourg, Vaud, Neuchâtel, Jura, and Bern in Switzerland. It is named after the town of Gruyères. Before 2001, when Gruyère gained the \"appellation d'origine contrôlée\" (AOC, now AOP) status as a Swiss cheese, some controversy existed whether French cheeses of a similar nature could also be labelled \"Gruyère\" (French Gruyère-style cheeses include Comté and Beaufort). Gruyère is sweet but slightly salty, with a flavor that varies widely with age. It is often described as creamy and nutty when young, becoming","psg_id":"643976"},{"title":"Does a Tiger Wear a Necktie?","text":"Upon meeting his son, the barber shows him a dirty photograph. Contrasting Bickham is Conrad, an African-American addict. Conrad wants to recover and marry his love, Linda. During the play, his character leaves the rehabilitation group to live with his sister, who is also an addict. Aside from the students, there are only four characters in the rehabilitation center – a teacher, a psychiatrist, a policeman, and the center's principal. \"Does A Tiger Wear A Necktie?\" was directed by Michael Schultz in his Broadway debut after years of professional work with the Negro Ensemble Company, and was produced by Huntington","psg_id":"8771966"},{"title":"Eyes (cheese)","text":"Not all CO is so trapped: in an cheese, about 20 L CO remain in the eyes, while 60 L remain dissolved in the cheese mass and 40 L are lost from the cheese. In Dutch-type cheeses, the CO that forms the eyes results from the metabolisation of citrate by citrate-positive (\"Cit+\") strains of lactococci. Eyes (cheese) Eyes are the round holes that are a characteristic feature of Swiss-type cheese (e.g. Emmentaler cheese) and some Dutch-type cheeses. The eyes are bubbles of carbon dioxide gas. The gas is produced by various species of bacteria in the cheese. In Swiss-type cheeses,","psg_id":"14993204"},{"title":"Title 2 of the Swiss Federal Constitution","text":"Title 2 of the Swiss Federal Constitution Title 2 of the Swiss Federal Constitution of 18 April 1999, entitled \"Fundamental Rights, Civil Rights and Social Goals\", contains a comprehensive and directly enforceable bill of rights, as well as a set of social goals which the state authorities are to pay heed to. A few rights, notably political ones, are explicitly reserved to Swiss citizens, while all others apply to all persons in Switzerland, including (insofar as possible) legal entities such as corporations. While the 1874 constitution enumerated only a few civil rights, the 1999 constitution explicitly codifies the fundamental rights","psg_id":"10736076"},{"title":"What Kate Does","text":"Does' slows the pace down significantly from last week and focuses on telling a character-driven story. This is a welcome change; especially after the heavily plot-driven season five. However, with questions to answer and so much ground to cover during this final season, a better balance between plot and character wouldn't have been such a bad thing.\" Alan Sepinwall of \"The Star-Ledger\" wrote, \"Maybe I'll enjoy the 2004 scenes more when we get to some other characters … but this week it was largely a distraction from all that was happening on the island. And even the island scenes were","psg_id":"13810768"},{"title":"Prelude to a Kiss (play)","text":"Prelude to a Kiss (play) Prelude to a Kiss is a 1988 play by Craig Lucas. It tells the story of a couple that falls in love despite the girl's pessimistic outlook on life. Shortly after their wedding, a supernatural event tests the strength of their love and commitment to each other. The title is taken from the 1938 torch song of the same title by Duke Ellington. Immediately after a young couple named Peter and Rita have exchanged wedding vows, an unknown elderly man asks to kiss the bride. As he does, Rita's soul and the old man's magically","psg_id":"5190315"},{"title":"The Cheese Grater","text":"in UCL and around London. The Graters reached the semi-finals of the Leicester Square Theatre Sketch-Off in 2016, and were described as \"exemplary\" by the Wee Review for their 2017 Fringe show. The Graters have performed at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival every year since their founding at various venues, most recently the Underbelly, with shows including: Although UCL Union's Democracy and Communications sabbatical officer is \"The Cheese Grater\" 's so-called \"legal publisher\" (British libel law does not recognise such a title), the sabbatical officers traditionally pass issues of the magazine with few quibbles, thus allowing the magazine to remain as","psg_id":"15338443"},{"title":"Much the Miller's Son","text":"Howard Pyle for the character in his \"Merry Adventures of Robin Hood\". This is in further contrast to the ballad \"Robin Hood and Allan-a-Dale\" where he is known as Nick, the Miller's Son. In the 1991 movie \"\" (starring Kevin Costner), a character resembling Much in many respects is the young boy named Wulf. Another character named \"Much, the Miller's Son\" does appear in the movie (played by Jack Wild) but he has very little screen time. In the earlier tales, however, Much is slightly older and takes a much more physical role. Indeed, he is a formidable fighter. Much","psg_id":"4897046"},{"title":"A Boy Named Sue","text":"known recording of the song by a major artist is by Shel Silverstein himself. Various cover artists have covered this song since then. MAD Magazine issue No. 137 (September 1970) included a parody titled \"A Boy Dog Named Lassie\", based on the fact that the \"Lassie\" movies and TV series employed male Collies in the female title role. On an episode of \"The Partridge Family\", a part Native American character introduces himself as \"Sioux\" causing a reaction from the family members, \"A boy name Sioux?\" The gender-bending implications of the title have been adapted to explore issues of sex and","psg_id":"2111361"},{"title":"Cheese knife","text":"arm. The plastic handle rotates upward to tighten the wire, and is secured to the cutting arm with a screw. The board-style cheese slicer has been expanded to include marble, stainless steel, and plastic cutting boards. Several other designs of handles and wire holders have also been invented to hold the cutting wires of cheese slicing boards. Many of these wires have loops on the ends like the Prodyne models; others have small rings or knots that fit into a slot on the handle and cutting arm. The girolle is a utensil for scraping Tête de Moine Swiss cheese into","psg_id":"12016862"},{"title":"Maasdam cheese","text":"moisture content. The style was introduced in 1984 by the Baars company as the trademarked Leerdammer cheese, though it is now made by other Dutch companies under the name Maasdammer. It is called after the village of Maasdam in the province of Zuid-Holland. Maasdam cheese Maasdam cheese () is a Swiss-style Dutch cheese. Made from cow's milk, it is aged for at least 4 weeks. It ripens faster than other Dutch cheeses. Maasdam has internal holes from the ripening process, and a smooth, yellow rind. Sometimes, it is waxed like Gouda. The cheese was created to compete with Swiss Emmental","psg_id":"9157765"},{"title":"Processed cheese","text":"Drug Administration under the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 (Food and Drugs), Section 133 (Cheeses and Cheese Related Products). Pasteurized process cheese can be made from a single cheese (solid, or powdered), or a blend of several cheeses. Cream, milk fat, water, salt, artificial color, oils (for consistency and texture), and spices may also be added. The mixture is heated with an emulsifier, poured into a mold, and allowed to cool. The definitions include: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not maintain a standard of identity for \"pasteurized prepared cheese product,\" a designation which particularly appears on","psg_id":"2777533"},{"title":"Pizza cheese","text":"have been developed that have helped to enable the creation of analogue pizza cheeses. An example of a processed pizza cheese is Provel, which uses Cheddar, Swiss, and Provolone cheeses as flavorants. Some analogue types are made with casein, a by-product of milk, and vegetable oil, rather than milk fat. Casein-based Mozzarella-like imitation processed cheeses prepared using rennet are also used as a Mozzarella substitute on frozen pizzas. In some instances, the production of analogue pizza cheese can be similar to the production of cream cheese, although production may be different and homogenization may be avoided. In some varieties, the","psg_id":"338965"},{"title":"Jacoby Open Swiss Teams","text":"American Men's Swiss Teams. In 1990, it was changed to become the Open Swiss with the Jacoby Trophy awarded to the winners. The trophy is named for Oswald and Jim Jacoby --- one of the premier father-son pairs in ACBL history, the first father-son to win a national championship together and the first father-son to be elected to the ACBL Bridge Hall of Fame. The senior Jacoby, Oswald Jacoby, (1902–1984) won his first major title --- the National Team Championship of the American Whist League --- in 1929 and his last major title --- the Reisinger Board-a-Match Teams --- in","psg_id":"10737698"},{"title":"Bowland cheese","text":"Sandbach. Due to the amount of interest, the idea was taken to the local cheese fairs of Nantwich and Knutsford where it gained popularity. Now Bowland cheese is produced on a much larger scale and supplies many supermarkets. Bowland cheese Bowland cheese is a type of Lancashire cheese, with the cheese having been mixed with apple, sultana and cinnamon prior to setting. It is named after the Forest of Bowland, which is situated in the east of Lancashire in England. The idea of Bowland cheese was originally thought up by David Williams, the son of Godfrey Williams, owner of the","psg_id":"12016302"},{"title":"The Play What I Wrote","text":"as the title character of this play within a play. Celebrities who appeared as the mystery guest during the show's London run included Ralph Fiennes (who appeared on opening night), Ewan McGregor, Bob Geldof, Cilla Black and Sue Johnston. Kevin Kline, Roger Moore (who suffered a heart attack onstage one night during the performance), Alan Alda, Jeff Goldblum and Daniel Radcliffe were among those who appeared in the Broadway run. The play debuted at the Liverpool Playhouse Theatre in the summer of 2001. It then premiered in the West End at the Wyndham's Theatre in November 2001, directed by Kenneth","psg_id":"11463659"},{"title":"Bothwell Cheese","text":"branded merchandise. In 2014, Bothwell Cheese took top prize for its Marble in the cheddar class at the British Empire Cheese Show, a title it has earned eight of the past nine years. It was also awarded first place in the Monterrey Jack class the previous year. This competition is one of Canada's most prestigious cheese competitions and features distinguished cheese makers from around the world. Bothwell Cheese also took home three awards at the 2006 Canadian Western Agribition Cheese Competition in Regina, Saskatchewan. Bothwell was named Grand Champion in the two-year-old aged white cheddar class, while also receiving awards","psg_id":"13189179"},{"title":"Swiss cuisine","text":"cheeses, in particular Emmental cheese, Gruyère, Vacherin, and Appenzeller, are famous Swiss products. The most popular cheese dishes are fondue and raclette. Both these dishes were originally regional dishes, but were popularized by the Swiss Cheese Union to boost sales of cheese. Rösti is a popular potato dish that is eaten all over Switzerland. It was originally a breakfast food, but this has been replaced by the muesli, which is commonly eaten for breakfast and in Switzerland goes by the name of \"Birchermüesli\" (\"Birchermiesli\" in some regions). For breakfast and dinner many Swiss enjoy sliced bread with butter and jam.","psg_id":"3482892"},{"title":"The America Play","text":"Lincoln and that is what brought him fame and wealth. He was never once his own person except for when he was a gravedigger with his wife and son. One of Parks' points of making this play was to be able to make her own history and it connects to the main character because he could have made his own story if he lived his own life as a gravedigger with his family. She also made it confusing to readers so that they are able to make their own ideas of what she was trying to portray in this play.","psg_id":"11083420"},{"title":"The Grilled Cheese Grill","text":"three GCG locations, Breslow decided to open another sandwich cart called the Shotgun Sub Shop, located in downtown Portland. As of late 2014, this cart has closed, however. The GCG offers a variety of toppings not usually found on grilled cheese sandwiches. Some of these toppings include bacon, apples, blue cheese, Swiss cheese, jalapeño, artichoke, turkey, hummus, mascarpone, Nutella, banana, cinnamon, avocado, tomato, sauerkraut, ham, salami, chips, fried eggs and many others. Some original sandwiches include: The Grilled Cheese Grill The Grilled Cheese Grill restaurants are a combination of reclaimed vehicle and food cart restaurants that focus on gourmet grilled","psg_id":"18366014"},{"title":"What Kate Does","text":"week.\" VanDerWerff of the \"LA Times\", Ryan of the \"Chicago Tribune\", Sepinwall of \"The Star-Ledger\", Jensen of \"Entertainment Weekly\" and Mark Medley of the \"National Post\" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million American viewers and 1.57 million Canadian viewers. What Kate Does \"What Kate Does\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \"Lost\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \"What Kate Does\" was first aired February 9, 2010,","psg_id":"13810778"},{"title":"Eyes (cheese)","text":"Eyes (cheese) Eyes are the round holes that are a characteristic feature of Swiss-type cheese (e.g. Emmentaler cheese) and some Dutch-type cheeses. The eyes are bubbles of carbon dioxide gas. The gas is produced by various species of bacteria in the cheese. In Swiss-type cheeses, the eyes form as a result of the activity of propionic acid bacteria (\"propionibacteria\"), notably \"Propionibacterium freudenreichii\" subsp. \"shermanii\". These bacteria transform lactic acid into propionic acid and carbon dioxide, according to the formula: The CO so produced accumulates at weak points in the curd, where it forms the bubbles that become the cheese's eyes.","psg_id":"14993203"},{"title":"Swiss association","text":"Gowling WLG, formed by a merger in February 2016, uses a variant of the Swiss Verein structure in which the firm's two partnerships are members of an English company limited by guarantee. Accounting firms structured as Swiss associations include: Swiss association A Swiss association (\"Verein\" in German, \"association\" in French, \"associazione\" in Italian) is a legal structure in Swiss law, defined in the civil code (Part one, title two, chapter two). It is similar to the Anglo-American voluntary association. Unlike in Germany, a Swiss association does not need to be registered in order to have a separate legal personality. It","psg_id":"6710245"},{"title":"The Play What I Wrote","text":"been familiar with Morecambe and Wise. The show offered tickets for the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth Broadway preview performances for $1, $2, $3, $4, and $5, respectively as a publicity stunt. The Play What I Wrote The Play What I Wrote is a comedy play written by Hamish McColl, Sean Foley and Eddie Braben, starring Foley and McColl (the double act The Right Size, playing characters named \"Sean\" and \"Hamish\"), with Toby Jones, directed by Kenneth Branagh and produced in its original production by David Pugh and Dafydd Rogers. The show is a celebration of the British double","psg_id":"11463662"},{"title":"Title 2 of the Swiss Federal Constitution","text":"contrary to many other Western constitutions, so-called positive or second- and third generation rights are mostly absent from the constitutional text, although they are more widely recognised in legal doctrine and practice. Even so, the inclusion of this provision in the constitution was strongly contested on grounds of economic policy and cantonal autonomy. Title 2 of the Swiss Federal Constitution Title 2 of the Swiss Federal Constitution of 18 April 1999, entitled \"Fundamental Rights, Civil Rights and Social Goals\", contains a comprehensive and directly enforceable bill of rights, as well as a set of social goals which the state authorities","psg_id":"10736095"},{"title":"What a Horrible Night to Have a Curse","text":"What a Horrible Night to Have a Curse What a Horrible Night to Have a Curse is a demo album by the American metal band The Black Dahlia Murder, released independently in May 2001. It is the band's only record to feature Sean Gauvreau on bass. Although The Black Dahlia Murder are considered a melodic death metal band, the style of the demo has also been described as metalcore. Vocalist Trevor Strnad said in a interview that much of the material on the demo is a blatant \"rip-off\" of the metalcore band Prayer for Cleansing. Its title is derived from","psg_id":"11630192"},{"title":"Wensleydale cheese","text":"cranberries. In Yorkshire, apple pie may be accompanied by white Wensleydale, giving rise to the saying 'an apple pie without the cheese is like a kiss without the squeeze'. In Yorkshire and North East England it is often eaten with fruit cake or Christmas cake. In his essay \"In Defence of English Cooking\", George Orwell rates Wensleydale as second only to Stilton among British cheese varieties. In the popular 1962 novel \"Hornblower and the Hotspur\" (set in 1803) the title character makes \"an epoch-making discovery, that Wensleydale cheese and port were a pair of heavenly twins\" (ch. 9). Wensleydale was","psg_id":"777720"},{"title":"Brick cheese","text":"the form of a large rectangular or brick shape, but may also be named \"brick\" because the cheese curds are pressed with clay-fired bricks. \"Brevibacterium linens\" grows on the surface of brick cheese, making it surface-ripened. \"Brevibacterium linens\" is also the bacterium responsible for the aging of Limburger cheese and many French cheese varieties. Cheesemakers often refer to the growth of the bacteria as a \"smear\". The cheese is placed on wooden shelves, then gets washed with a whey and water mixture and turned. After several days the cheese is then packaged. The US Code of Food Regulations defines what","psg_id":"6024175"},{"title":"What She Does Best","text":"What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \"What She Does Best\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four years, as Anderson went into a brief retirement and officially retired from releasing singles. The singles from this disc were \"Under the Boardwalk\" (a cover version of The Drifters' hit), \"What He Does Best\", and \"How Many Hearts\". \"Under the Boardwalk\" reached No. 24; the","psg_id":"10945153"},{"title":"Jarlsberg cheese","text":"the Agricultural University of Norway. Ystgaard's interest was sparked by the thesis of a dairy sciences student, Per Sakshaug, on the cheese historically made in Vestfold. It was named for a Norwegian nobleman Count Wedel Jarlsberg (or the eponymous county) who owned land near Oslo in an area where an earlier version of the cheese was produced in the early 1800s. The recipe was developed from formulae originating with Swiss cheesemakers who moved to Norway at that time. \"Jarlsberg\" is a trademark first registered by Tine SA in 1972, and the exact nature and formula for the process of making","psg_id":"2556632"},{"title":"What Does the K Stand For?","text":"What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series commenced in January 2017. Reviewing Series 1, Episode 1 for \"Radio Times\", Tristram Fane Saunders found the show suited Amos \"down to the ground; there's a touch of \"Seinfeld\" about \"What Does the K Stand for?\" in the way it flows from stand up into a deliciously awkward","psg_id":"19980606"},{"title":"Title role","text":"title character is the primary antagonist. The title role and the lead can be different genders; for example, in the 2003 revival of August Wilson's \"Ma Rainey's Black Bottom\", Whoopi Goldberg had the title role, but the lead was Charles S. Dutton. The title character in narrative works is one who is named or referred to in the title, such as The Doctor in the TV series \"Doctor Who\", Harry Potter in the namesake series of novels and films, \"Romeo and Juliet\" in the Shakespeare play or Annie Oakley in the musical \"Annie Get Your Gun\". The \"title character\" need","psg_id":"4175259"},{"title":"The Son (play)","text":"the Son to great acclaim. The play ends with the Son's parricide of his father, after which he \"strides triumphantly over his father's corpse into a future full of glorious potential.\" The Son (play) The Son () is a five-act Expressionist play by the German playwright Walter Hasenclever. It was the first self-proclaimed, full-length Expressionist play to be produced, though its dramatic structure is more or less realistic. It takes as its subject the conflict between the generations and a rejection of the world in general by the young. It is a semi-autobiographical work. It was written in 1912, first","psg_id":"5301589"},{"title":"The Two-Character Play","text":"mounted a production of \"The Two-Character Play\" which ran from March 19 through April 26, directed by Romy Ashby, and starring husband and wife Charles Schick and Regina Bartkoff. The Two-Character Play The Two Character Play (also known as \"Out Cry\" in one of its alternate versions) is an American play by Tennessee Williams that premiered in London at the Hampstead Theatre in December 1967. Williams himself had great affection for the play, and described it as follows: After winning critical and popular acclaim with his earlier plays, Williams wanted to experiment and expand his writing style. His later creations","psg_id":"12517399"},{"title":"The Play What I Wrote","text":"Squeeze for the Scarlet Pimple\", the \"play within a play\" (with a cameo by a mystery guest star) which formed the play's second half. It is named after the \"play wot I wrote\", the inept play supposedly written by Wise and featuring a celebrity guest which formed the finale to each Morecambe and Wise show. In \"The Play What I Wrote\", \"Sean\" writes a similarly inept play and is humoured by \"Hamish\" in the first half by having it performed. As in the Morecambe and Wise antecedent, the celebrity would play him or herself set up to appear, rather foolishly,","psg_id":"11463658"},{"title":"Swiss association","text":"Swiss association A Swiss association (\"Verein\" in German, \"association\" in French, \"associazione\" in Italian) is a legal structure in Swiss law, defined in the civil code (Part one, title two, chapter two). It is similar to the Anglo-American voluntary association. Unlike in Germany, a Swiss association does not need to be registered in order to have a separate legal personality. It must be registered if it \"conducts a commercial operation\". An association can serve as a non-profit organization (NPO) or non-governmental organization (NGO) and this form is used by several Swiss sections of international NGOs such as Amnesty International, and","psg_id":"6710236"},{"title":"The Cheese Mites","text":"revealing to a lay audience sights that would normally only have been available to owners of microscopes.\" A complete copy which includes an opening sequence, featuring F. Martin Duncan as the gentleman, was recently discovered uploaded to YouTube under a different title, and has now been acquired by the British Film Institute. Previously only the sequence showing the cheese mites had survived. The Cheese Mites The Cheese Mites (1903) is a British short silent documentary film, produced by Charles Urban and directed by F. Martin Duncan. A gentleman is put off his lunch when he holds up a magnifying glass","psg_id":"15645717"},{"title":"In the Blood (play)","text":"street, but was chased by the police for it. Hester holds onto the club and uses it later against Jabber. Beauty- Hester's youngest daughter. She is seven years old and considered a snitch from her mother and Trouble. She ran away when Hester was beating Jabber to death. Baby- Hester's youngest son. He is two years-old and the son of Reverend D. Most of the character in the play are in poverty and all affected by Hester's past. Six of the characters give insight, called confessions, of what was their previous sexual experience with Hester, and Hester presents her own","psg_id":"13087531"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Swiss cheese\",\n \"text\": \"debris such as hay dust in the milk played a role in reduced hole size in Swiss cheeses, or even \\\"blind cheese\\\". Historically, the holes were seen as a sign of imperfection and cheese makers originally tried to avoid them by pressing during production. In modern times, the holes have become an identifier of the cheese. In general, the larger the eyes in a Swiss cheese, the more pronounced its flavor because a longer fermentation period gives the bacteria more time to act. This poses a problem, however, because cheese with large eyes does not slice well and comes apart\",\n \"psg_id\": \"359866\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Swiss cheese\",\n \"text\": \"in mechanical slicers. As a result, industry regulators have limited the eye size by which Swiss cheese receives the Grade A stamp. In 2014, 297.8 million pounds of Swiss cheese was reportedly produced in the United States. Baby Swiss and Lacy Swiss are two varieties of American Swiss cheeses. Both have small holes and a mild flavor. Baby Swiss is made from whole milk, and Lacy Swiss is made from low fat milk. Baby Swiss was developed in the mid-1960s outside of Charm, Ohio, by the Guggisberg Cheese Company, owned by Alfred Guggisberg. Swiss cheese Swiss cheese is a generic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"359867\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Swiss cheese\",\n \"text\": \"Swiss cheese Swiss cheese is a generic name in North America for several related varieties of cheese, mainly of North American manufacture, which resemble Emmental cheese, a yellow, medium-hard cheese that originated in the area around Emmental, in Switzerland. Some types of Swiss cheese have a distinctive appearance, as the blocks of the cheese are riddled with holes known as \\\"eyes\\\". Swiss cheese without eyes is known as \\\"blind\\\". (The term is applied to cheeses of this style made outside Switzerland, such as Jarlsberg cheese, which originates in Norway). Three types of bacteria are used in the production of Emmental\",\n \"psg_id\": \"359864\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Swiss cheese features\",\n \"text\": \"Swiss cheese features Swiss cheese features (SCFs) are curious pits in the south polar ice cap of Mars (Mare Australe quadrangle) named from their similarity to the holes in Swiss cheese. They were first seen in 2000 using Mars Orbiter Camera imagery. They are typically a few hundred meters across and 8 metres deep, with a flat base and steep sides. They tend to have similar bean-like shapes with a cusp pointing towards the south pole, indicating that insolation is involved in their formation. The angle of the Sun probably contributes to their roundness. Near the Martian summer solstice, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9771812\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Swiss cheese (mathematics)\",\n \"text\": \"Swiss cheese (mathematics) In mathematics, a Swiss cheese is a compact subset of the complex plane obtained by removing from a closed disc some countable union of open discs, usually with some restriction on the centres and radii of the removed discs. Traditionally the deleted discs should have pairwise disjoint closures which are subsets of the interior of the starting disc, the sum of the radii of the deleted discs should be finite, and the Swiss cheese should have empty interior. This is the type of Swiss cheese originally introduced by the Swiss mathematician Alice Roth. More generally, a Swiss\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10292246\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Swiss cheese model\",\n \"text\": \"be the result of \\\"system flaws, not character flaws\\\", and that greed, ignorance, malice or laziness are not the only causes of error. Lubnau, Lubnau, and Okray apply the model to the engineering of firefighting systems, aiming to reduce human errors by \\\"inserting additional layers of cheese into the system\\\", namely the techniques of Crew Resource Management. This is one of the many models listed, with references, in. Kamoun and Nicho found the Swiss cheese model to be a useful theoretical model to explain the multifaceted (human, organizational and technological) aspects of healthcare data breaches. Swiss cheese model The Swiss\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9736376\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Swiss cheese features\",\n \"text\": \"research with HiRISE showed that the pits are in a 1-10 meter thick layer of dry ice that is sitting on a much larger water ice cap. Pits have been observed to begin with small areas along faint fractures. The circular pits have steep walls that work to focus sunlight, thereby increasing erosion. For a pit to develop, a steep wall of about 10 cm and a length of over 5 meters is necessary. Swiss cheese features Swiss cheese features (SCFs) are curious pits in the south polar ice cap of Mars (Mare Australe quadrangle) named from their similarity to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9771814\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Swiss cheese\",\n \"text\": \"cheese: \\\"Streptococcus salivarius\\\" subspecies \\\"thermophilus\\\" (also known as \\\"Streptococcus thermophilus\\\"), \\\"Lactobacillus\\\" (\\\"Lactobacillus helveticus\\\" or \\\"Lactobacillus delbrueckii\\\" subspecies \\\"bulgaricus\\\"), and \\\"Propionibacterium\\\" (\\\"Propionibacterium freudenreichii\\\" subspecies \\\"shermani\\\"). In a late stage of cheese production, the propionibacteria consume the lactic acid excreted by the other bacteria and release acetate, propionic acid, and carbon dioxide gas. The carbon dioxide slowly forms the bubbles that develop the \\\"eyes\\\". The acetate and propionic acid give Swiss its nutty and sweet flavor. A hypothesis proposed by Swiss researchers in 2015 notes that particulate matter may also play a role in the holes' development and that modern sanitation eliminated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"359865\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Swiss cheese (mathematics)\",\n \"text\": \"cheese may be all or part of Euclidean space R – or of an even more complicated manifold – with \\\"holes\\\" in it. Swiss cheese (mathematics) In mathematics, a Swiss cheese is a compact subset of the complex plane obtained by removing from a closed disc some countable union of open discs, usually with some restriction on the centres and radii of the removed discs. Traditionally the deleted discs should have pairwise disjoint closures which are subsets of the interior of the starting disc, the sum of the radii of the deleted discs should be finite, and the Swiss cheese\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10292247\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Swiss Cheese Union\",\n \"text\": \"they were both regional dishes. The Swiss Cheese Union sponsored the 1992-1993 Swiss National Ski Team. The team wore yellow ski suits with simulated cheese holes. Swiss Cheese Union The Swiss Cheese Union (, ) was a marketing and trading organization in Switzerland, which from 1914 to 1999 served as a cartel to control cheese production. To this end, the Swiss Cheese Union mandated production be limited to only 3 varieties: Gruyere, Emmental, and Sbrinz, and bought the entire production and distribution of cheese at prices set by the Swiss Federal Council. It also coordinated the national and international marketing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3482943\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Swiss Cheese Union\",\n \"text\": \"Swiss Cheese Union The Swiss Cheese Union (, ) was a marketing and trading organization in Switzerland, which from 1914 to 1999 served as a cartel to control cheese production. To this end, the Swiss Cheese Union mandated production be limited to only 3 varieties: Gruyere, Emmental, and Sbrinz, and bought the entire production and distribution of cheese at prices set by the Swiss Federal Council. It also coordinated the national and international marketing for these three varieties of cheese. The Swiss Cheese Union was successful in campaigning for cheese fondue and raclette becoming national dishes in Switzerland. Before that,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3482942\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Life (play)\",\n \"text\": \"What a Life (play) What a Life is a 1938 Broadway play by Clifford Goldsmith. \\\"What a Life\\\" is set in Central High School, with action primarily occurring in the principal's office. The main character, Henry Aldrich, \\\"thinks he is dumb because his father won a Phi Beta Kappa key at college.\\\" During the play, Aldrich faces charges that he caused a disturbance in class and that he stole brass instruments from the band. He also has to deal with a student who bullies him. The play was copyrighted on July 7, 1936, under the title \\\"Enter to Learn\\\". After\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20173007\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chuck E. Cheese (character)\",\n \"text\": \"Chuck E. Cheese (character) Charles Entertainment \\\"Chuck E.\\\" Cheese is the anthropomorphic mouse mascot of the Chuck E. Cheese's chain of family entertainment centers. Chuck's official backstory is that he is an orphaned mouse who does not know his own birthday. His orphanage was called St. Marinara's orphanage. To make up for never having a birthday party of his own, he hosts parties for children. After winning a \\\"Pong\\\" tournament, Chuck moved to New York and started working as a singer at an Italian restaurant, where he also met and befriended a musically-inclined chef named Pasqually. Eventually, he moved to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11332656\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Swiss cheese model\",\n \"text\": \"Swiss cheese model The Swiss cheese model of accident causation is a model used in risk analysis and risk management, including aviation safety, engineering, healthcare, emergency service organizations, and as the principle behind layered security, as used in computer security and defense in depth. It likens human systems to multiple slices of swiss cheese, stacked side by side, in which the risk of a threat becoming a reality is mitigated by the differing layers and types of defences which are \\\"layered\\\" behind each other. Therefore, in theory, lapses and weaknesses in one defense do not allow a risk to materialize,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9736370\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Swiss cheese model\",\n \"text\": \"months until they contribute to the accident. Latent failures span the first three domains of failure in Reason's model. In the early days of the Swiss Cheese model, late 1980 to about 1992, attempts were made to combine two theories: James Reason multi-layer defence model and Willem Albert Wagenaar’s Tripod theory of accident causation. This resulted in a period where the Swiss Cheese diagram was represented with the slices of cheese labels as Active Failures, Preconditions and latent failures. These attempts to combine both theories still causes confusion today. A more correct version of the combined theories is shown with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9736374\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prodigal Son (play)\",\n \"text\": \"him decide that a play was the best solution. Zapffe is said to have considered Jesus to be western culture's most tragic character, according to his findings presented in his treatise \\\"On the tragic\\\" (1941) and its definition of the \\\"objectively tragical\\\". His findings were later presented in his short biography of Jesus called \\\"Rikets hemmelighet \\\"(en. \\\"The Secret of the Kingdom\\\") of 1985. The Prodigal Son (play) The Prodigal Son: a dramatic renarration () written by Norwegian author and philosopher Peter Wessel Zapffe (1899–1990) in 1951, is a dramatized representation of the life of Jesus, named Immanuel in Zapffe's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1974923\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chuck E. Cheese (character)\",\n \"text\": \"California and created his own restaurant franchise, with Pasqually becoming his star chef and later joining his band. Chuck was originally found in Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatre, a restaurant founded by Nolan Bushnell (founder of Atari) in 1977. An animatronic Chuck E. performed. Chuck E. Cheese (character) Charles Entertainment \\\"Chuck E.\\\" Cheese is the anthropomorphic mouse mascot of the Chuck E. Cheese's chain of family entertainment centers. Chuck's official backstory is that he is an orphaned mouse who does not know his own birthday. His orphanage was called St. Marinara's orphanage. To make up for never having a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11332657\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prodigal Son (play)\",\n \"text\": \"He intentionally solicited the betrayal himself in order to fulfill the Messianic prophecies, through which he wanted to apprehend what he considered his birthright: the throne of King Herod. Zapffe thought Jesus was fully convinced he was the only living son of Herod Antipas, hence his only heir (except for Salomé). Judas is a central character in the play, being Jesus' closest friend from childhood. The play has never been produced because of its extensive requirements, including entire cities with massive buildings and numerous extras. In the foreword, Zapffe explains that the dramatic character of the material he gathered made\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1974922\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done?\",\n \"text\": \"My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done? My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done? is a 2009 American-German film directed by Werner Herzog and produced by David Lynch, inspired by the story of murderer Mark Yavorsky. Herzog describes the film as \\\"a horror film without the blood, chainsaws and gore, but with a strange, anonymous fear creeping up in you.\\\" The film is an international co-production between the United States and Germany. The film was conceived and written in 1995, but Herzog and co-writer Herbert Golder were unable to find anyone to produce it. Lynch eventually became interested,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13104084\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Does a Tiger Wear a Necktie?\",\n \"text\": \"isolation, or find strength in love. The play, however, was characterized as more of a documentary about the lives of addicts and our rehabilitation system. It does not provide morality or solutions. It leaves judgment to the audience. Does a Tiger Wear a Necktie? Does a Tiger Wear a Necktie? is a play written in 1969 by Don Petersen. It has three acts, and helped to launch the careers of actors Al Pacino and Ron Thompson. The title of the play is explained by the character Fullendorf, who said, \\\"Does a tiger wear a necktie? It ain't for us to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8771969\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done?\",\n \"text\": \"of 100, based on 13 critics, indicating \\\"mixed or average reviews\\\". Jeff Shannon of the \\\"Seattle Times\\\" called the film \\\"One of Herzog's quirky misfires,\\\" while Roger Ebert of the \\\"Chicago Sun-Times\\\" said the film \\\"Confounds all convention and denies all expected pleasures, providing instead the delight of watching Herzog feed the police hostage formula into the Mixmaster of his imagination.\\\" My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done? My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done? is a 2009 American-German film directed by Werner Herzog and produced by David Lynch, inspired by the story of murderer Mark Yavorsky. Herzog\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13104100\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Life (play)\",\n \"text\": \"Aldrich Family\\\", was broadcast for three seasons. What a Life (play) What a Life is a 1938 Broadway play by Clifford Goldsmith. \\\"What a Life\\\" is set in Central High School, with action primarily occurring in the principal's office. The main character, Henry Aldrich, \\\"thinks he is dumb because his father won a Phi Beta Kappa key at college.\\\" During the play, Aldrich faces charges that he caused a disturbance in class and that he stole brass instruments from the band. He also has to deal with a student who bullies him. The play was copyrighted on July 7, 1936,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20173010\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Swiss cheese model\",\n \"text\": \"and specific acts.For example, in aviation, preconditions for unsafe acts include fatigued air crew or improper communications practices. Unsafe supervision encompasses for example, pairing inexperienced pilots on a night flight into known adverse weather. Organizational influences encompass such things as reduction in expenditure on pilot training in times of financial austerity. In the Swiss cheese model, an organisation's defenses against failure are modeled as a series of barriers, represented as slices of cheese. The holes in the slices represent weaknesses in individual parts of the system and are continually varying in size and position across the slices. The system produces\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9736372\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prodigal Son (play)\",\n \"text\": \"The Prodigal Son (play) The Prodigal Son: a dramatic renarration () written by Norwegian author and philosopher Peter Wessel Zapffe (1899–1990) in 1951, is a dramatized representation of the life of Jesus, named Immanuel in Zapffe's play. The play is a dramatic biography of Jesus, influenced by the philosophical thoughts represented in the essay \\\"Den sidste Messias\\\" (en. \\\"The Last Messiah\\\") published in 1933 and Zapffe's philosophical treatise, \\\"Om det tragiske\\\" (en. \\\"On the Tragic\\\") published in 1941. Zapffe asserts that Jesus, like most people in the past and present, misinterpreted what it means to be human on this earth.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1974921\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Does a Tiger Wear a Necktie?\",\n \"text\": \"Does a Tiger Wear a Necktie? Does a Tiger Wear a Necktie? is a play written in 1969 by Don Petersen. It has three acts, and helped to launch the careers of actors Al Pacino and Ron Thompson. The title of the play is explained by the character Fullendorf, who said, \\\"Does a tiger wear a necktie? It ain't for us to go straight. We're like the tigers. We always chucked on raw meat. We was raised on it, and we like it.\\\" \\\"Does a tiger wear a necktie? No, it would be against his nature - and reform is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8771964\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\",\n \"text\": \"What Kate Does \\\"What Kate Does\\\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \\\"Lost\\\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was first aired February 9, 2010, on ABC in the United States and on CTV in Canada. Kate Austen is the character on whom the episode is centered. In December 2007, Kate Austen chases after James \\\"Sawyer\\\" Ford (Josh Holloway), who escapes from the Others' captivity in the island's temple and is grieving over\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13810760\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Play What I Wrote\",\n \"text\": \"The Play What I Wrote The Play What I Wrote is a comedy play written by Hamish McColl, Sean Foley and Eddie Braben, starring Foley and McColl (the double act The Right Size, playing characters named \\\"Sean\\\" and \\\"Hamish\\\"), with Toby Jones, directed by Kenneth Branagh and produced in its original production by David Pugh and Dafydd Rogers. The show is a celebration of the British double act Morecambe and Wise, and an irreverent and farcical exploration of the nature of double acts in general. Its title is drawn from one of Morecambe and Wise's catchphrases, as is \\\"A Tight\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11463657\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gruyère cheese\",\n \"text\": \"the longest part of the production of the Le Gruyere Switzerland AOC is the \\\"affinage\\\" (French for \\\"maturation\\\"). According to the AOC, the cellars to mature a Swiss Gruyère must have a climate close to that of a natural cave. This means that the humidity should be between 94% and 98%. If the humidity is lower, the cheese dries out. If the humidity is too high, the cheese does not mature and becomes smeary and gluey. The temperature of the caves should be between and . This relatively high temperature is required for excellent quality cheese. Lower quality cheeses result\",\n \"psg_id\": \"643981\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cheese slaw\",\n \"text\": \"prepared using grated cheese, crumbled or cubed cheese, grated carrot, and a mayonnaise dressing. Cheese slaw is very similar to some coleslaw recipes, but is distinguished by the inclusion of cheese. Cheddar cheese is typically used in the salad's preparation, although other cheeses such as blue and Swiss are sometimes used. It often does not contain cabbage, as per coleslaw, although cabbage is occasionally used. Cheese slaw may contain other vegetables, such as chives, spring onions, shallots, parsley, and broccoli. In the United States, cheese slaw is sometimes prepared using blue cheese, and is sometimes used as a hot dog\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10024245\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done?\",\n \"text\": \"created by computer people who do not have a sensibility or understanding for the value of high-precision mechanics, which has a 200-year history.\\\" The film premiered at the 2009 Venice Film Festival on September 5, 2009. After a very limited festival and theatrical release, a DVD was released on September 14, 2010. Reviews for \\\"My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done\\\" have been mixed. Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 48% of 42 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating was 5.7/10. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 59 out\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13104099\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cheese ripening\",\n \"text\": \"If white-mould spores have not been added to the cheese milk, the cheese maker applies them to the cheese either by spraying the cheese with a suspension of mould spores in water, or by immersing the cheese in a bath containing spores of, e.g., \\\"Penicillium candida\\\". The round holes that are a characteristic feature of Swiss-type cheese (e.g. Emmentaler cheese) and some Dutch-type cheeses are called \\\"eyes\\\". They are bubbles of carbon dioxide that is produced by bacteria in the cheese. In Swiss-type cheeses, the eyes form as a result of the activity of propionic acid bacteria (\\\"propionibacteria\\\"), notably \\\"Propionibacterium\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15022351\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\",\n \"text\": \"neighborhood in Edwards Landing, Leesburg, Virginia, who every Halloween creates an LED light show with a hit song. This song appears in \\\"Just Dance 2015\\\". This song for Leicester City title song parody \\\"What do the Foxes Say?\\\" in 442oons video. !scope=\\\"col\\\" colspan=\\\"3\\\"| Streaming Note: The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) \\\"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\\\" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, \\\"The Fox\\\" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17544507\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brick cheese\",\n \"text\": \"the fat and moisture content of brick cheese must be. This Standard of Identity does not take into account that brick cheese should be surface ripened with \\\"B. linens\\\". Brick is an American cheese, made in rectangular loaves, that was first produced in Wisconsin in 1877 by John Jossi, a cheese maker of Swiss descent. The loaf-shaped cheese displays numerous fine holes when it is sliced. When young, it is sweet and mild; after aging, it tastes somewhat like a mild Limburger or cheddar, and has been compared to a Danish Tilsit. Corynebacterium and Arthrobacter are the necessary bacterial genera\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6024176\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Difference Does It Make?\",\n \"text\": \"of the Smiths'. The character Ray Smith in the Jack Kerouac novel \\\"The Dharma Bums\\\" repeatedly says \\\"What difference does it make?\\\" as well as \\\"Pretty girls make graves\\\", the title of another track featured on \\\"The Smiths\\\". The single cover is a photograph of Terence Stamp, taken on the set of the film \\\"The Collector\\\". Originally Stamp denied permission for the still to be used, and some pressings featured Morrissey in a re-enacted scene. In the re-enactment, Morrissey is holding a glass of milk, as opposed to a chloroform pad in the original. However, Stamp later changed his mind,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8014932\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Two-Character Play\",\n \"text\": \"seen to be his most personal interpretation. It took Williams over ten years to write \\\"The Two-Character Play\\\", longer than any other play, and it illustrates an innovation in his writing style. The characters in this play, Felice and Clare, are two actors on tour; they are also brother and sister. They find themselves deserted by their acting troupe in a decrepit \\\"state theatre in an unknown state\\\". Faced (perhaps) by an audience expecting a performance, they enact \\\"The Two-Character Play\\\" – an illusion within an illusion, an 'out cry' from isolation, panic, and fear. (\\\"Out Cry\\\" was the title\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12517394\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Two-Character Play\",\n \"text\": \"The Two-Character Play The Two Character Play (also known as \\\"Out Cry\\\" in one of its alternate versions) is an American play by Tennessee Williams that premiered in London at the Hampstead Theatre in December 1967. Williams himself had great affection for the play, and described it as follows: After winning critical and popular acclaim with his earlier plays, Williams wanted to experiment and expand his writing style. His later creations had more in common with playwrights Samuel Beckett and the emerging Harold Pinter than with what the name Tennessee Williams had come to signify. Although the play is a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12517391\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Swiss cheese model\",\n \"text\": \"since other defenses also exist, to prevent a single point of failure. The model was originally formally propounded by Dante Orlandella and James T. Reason of the University of Manchester, and has since gained widespread acceptance. It is sometimes called the cumulative act effect. Although the Swiss cheese model is respected and considered to be a useful method of relating concepts, it has been subject to criticism that it is used too broadly, and without enough other models or support. Reason hypothesized that most accidents can be traced to one or more of four failure domains: organizational influences, supervision, preconditions,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9736371\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jarlsberg cheese\",\n \"text\": \"Larsen Bakke (1815–1899), a farmer and pioneer in Norway's dairy industry, produced cheese in the village of Våle in what was then the county of Jarlsberg and Larviks Amt (now Vestfold), south of Oslo. The cheese shares similarities with Emmental, introduced to Vestfold by Swiss cheese makers during the 1830s. The cheese was first noted in the annual county report of Jarlsberg and Larviks Amt in 1855. After several years of popularity marked by a large volume of production Jarlsberg disappeared from the market. Modern Jarlsberg cheese was developed in 1956 by Ole Martin Ystgaard of the Dairy Institute at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2556631\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cheese dog\",\n \"text\": \"dog\\\" can consist of a hot dog topped with ingredient combinations such as corned beef, sauerkraut, Swiss cheese and Russian dressing. A Seattle-style hot dog, sometimes referred to as a \\\"Seattle Dog,\\\" is a hot dog topped with cream cheese that has become popular in Seattle, Washington. A \\\"Swiss schnauzer\\\" is a regional variation consisting of a bratwurst served with Swiss cheese and sauerkraut. In San Diego, California, a Swiss-style hot dog called a \\\"Swiener\\\" is prepared with a hot dog and Raclette cheese stuffed inside of hollowed-out baguette bread. A Texas Tommy is prepared with bacon and cheese. Cheese\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8455964\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Two-Character Play\",\n \"text\": \"to delude themselves, escape from the reality of their deteriorating mental states. Consequently, the viewers themselves are confronted with the darker truths of what it is to be human. It was very experimental for its time. The language is heightened. There are slabs of verbosity juxtaposed with pauses and stunted sentences. \\\"The Two-Character Play\\\" is partially autobiographical. The actor Clare and especially the character Clare are loosely based on Williams’ sister, Rose, and the actor Felice and the character Felice on Williams himself. The \\\"confining nature of human existence\\\" was a major theme throughout his work and this play is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12517393\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Play Without a Title\",\n \"text\": \"Play Without a Title Play Without a Title, or \\\"Untitled Play\\\" (\\\"Comedia sin título\\\"), is an unfinished experimental play by the Spanish twentieth-century modernist playwright Federico García Lorca. Lorca conceived the work as a three-act drama and had referred to it by the title \\\"The Dream of Life\\\" (echoing, perhaps, Calderón's classic Golden-Age comedy \\\"Life is a Dream\\\"), but he completed only the first act. Lorca's play was probably written in 1935, but remained unpublished until 1978; it received its Spanish-language première in 1989 at the Teatro María Guerrero in Madrid, in a production directed by Lluís Pasqual. Gwynne Edwards,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10764689\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stilton cheese\",\n \"text\": \"different to the very sweet perfumes you smell wafting down the street as someone walks past you.\\\". The search for an unpasteurised Stilton cheese was a plot element of a \\\"Chef!\\\" episode entitled \\\"The Big Cheese\\\", aired on the BBC One television station on 25 February 1993. A character named G. D'Arcy \\\"Stilton\\\" Cheesewright appears in several of the Jeeves novels of P. G. Wodehouse. Stilton cheese Stilton is an English cheese, produced in two varieties: Blue, known for its characteristic strong smell and taste, and the lesser-known White. Both have been granted the status of a protected designation of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1964058\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Streetcar Named Desire (opera)\",\n \"text\": \"the opera that nothing around it can fill. Ms. Fleming does everything an opera singer can do, but I am not sure that Blanche is a character that opera can ever reach. As Stanley in a baritone part, Rodney Gilfry sings strongly and summons the necessary physical menace. Elizabeth Futral made Stella a satisfying operatic character (and) Anthony Dean Griffey sang touchingly and surely in the tenor role of Mitch. Other reviews have criticized the lengthy libretto (reportedly the Williams estate required a close following of the play), music that does not advance the characters or action, and does not\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7167646\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\",\n \"text\": \"of its icy church keyboards and delay-ridden guitars\\\". Chris Jenkins, in the book \\\"The Rough Guide to Rock\\\", however, called it \\\"as half-baked as its title\\\". What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\". \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \\\"Singing Rule Britannia\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8050855\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\",\n \"text\": \"the death of his love Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell) just hours earlier. In flash sideways to September 22, 2004, Kate assists a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) while on the run as a fugitive. The title alludes to the second season episode \\\"What Kate Did\\\". \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was watched by eleven million Americans and received mixed reviews by audiences and critics alike. In flash sideways, Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) flees LAX in a taxicab she has hijacked, in which a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) is a passenger. The cab driver (David H. Lawrence XVII) bails and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13810761\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Maasdam cheese\",\n \"text\": \"Maasdam cheese Maasdam cheese () is a Swiss-style Dutch cheese. Made from cow's milk, it is aged for at least 4 weeks. It ripens faster than other Dutch cheeses. Maasdam has internal holes from the ripening process, and a smooth, yellow rind. Sometimes, it is waxed like Gouda. The cheese was created to compete with Swiss Emmental by being less expensive and quicker to produce. In the process of making a cheese with the same general components as Swiss cheeses, the Dutch ended up with a cheese that is nutty and sweet, but softer than Emmental due to a higher\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9157764\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Play Without a Title\",\n \"text\": \"a far more politically orientated, almost Brechtian direction. In 2014 the Liberal Arts College Theatre Society (LACTS) adapted Lorca's play to Montréal's unique political setting. Five performances were given at Mainline Theatre in Montréal. Under the direction of Alex Enescu and co-direction of Ryan Tellier the production was voted as the #1 play of 2014 by the prestigious \\\"Cult(ure) Montréal\\\" magazine. Play Without a Title Play Without a Title, or \\\"Untitled Play\\\" (\\\"Comedia sin título\\\"), is an unfinished experimental play by the Spanish twentieth-century modernist playwright Federico García Lorca. Lorca conceived the work as a three-act drama and had referred\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10764691\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!\",\n \"text\": \"year: What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch! \\\"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!\\\" (; sometimes separated by exclamation mark instead of comma) is a catchphrase and winged word from Alexander Pushkin's correspondence with one of his friends, poet Pyotr Vyazemsky. The phrase commonly expresses a joy after finishing one's work and appears particularly in several Russian literary works. In a letter dated circa November 7 or beginning of October, 1825 Pushkin, celebrating his finished drama \\\"Boris Godunov\\\" wrote to Vyazemsky: That was preceded by what Pushkin wrote to Vyazemsky on July 13 of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11886157\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!\",\n \"text\": \"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch! \\\"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!\\\" (; sometimes separated by exclamation mark instead of comma) is a catchphrase and winged word from Alexander Pushkin's correspondence with one of his friends, poet Pyotr Vyazemsky. The phrase commonly expresses a joy after finishing one's work and appears particularly in several Russian literary works. In a letter dated circa November 7 or beginning of October, 1825 Pushkin, celebrating his finished drama \\\"Boris Godunov\\\" wrote to Vyazemsky: That was preceded by what Pushkin wrote to Vyazemsky on July 13 of the same\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11886156\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Friend We Have in Jesus\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"In spite of the fact that this hymn, with its tune, has been criticized as being too much on the order of the sentimental gospel type, its popularity remains strong, and the hymn retains a place in modern hymnals.\\\" In some settings, the lyrics have been matched to other tunes such as the Welsh \\\"Calon Lân\\\" (originally wedded to the Welsh poem translated as \\\"A Pure Heart\\\"). In Japan, the hymn's title was originally translated as , which is what it is best known by. In 1910, Daisui Sugitani re-wrote the lyrics in Japanese and changed the title to .\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10170719\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Liederkranz cheese\",\n \"text\": \"Liederkranz cheese Liederkranz is an American re-creation of Limburger cheese, made subtly different by the use of a different bacterial culture for smear-ripening. Liederkranz is a cow's milk cheese, with an edible pale yellow-orange tan crust, and a semisoft, pale interior with a mildly pungent flavor and distinct aroma that could become unpleasantly ammonia-like if aged incorrectly. Liederkranz was created in 1891 by Emil Frey (1867–1951), a young Swiss cheesemaker in Monroe, New York, who later created Velveeta there in 1923. Frey named the cheese after a local singing society, a Liederkranz Club (\\\"singing circle\\\"), perhaps the famous one in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3895206\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Cheese\",\n \"text\": \"Little Cheese Little Cheese (real name Chester Cheese alias \\\"Benjamin Crow\\\") is a fictional character in the DC Comics universe, an anthropomorphic mouse. Chester Cheese is a superhero who lives on the otherdimensional world of Earth-C, an alternate Earth populated by sentient animals. His first appearance was in \\\"Captain Carrot and His Amazing Zoo Crew\\\" #12 (February 1983). Chester Cheese was the son of Dr. Edam Cheese, who was conducting research on the \\\"Lunar Longhorn,\\\" a type of cheese found on the moon by astronauts. Upon returning home one evening, Chester found his father murdered, with the killer locking him\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7554413\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Does God Play Dice?\",\n \"text\": \"and the gravitational attraction of a creature in a distant galaxy can change the fate of the solar system.\\\" The title of the book is a reference to a famous quote by Albert Einstein. Does God Play Dice? Does God Play Dice: The New Mathematics of Chaos is a non-fiction book about chaos theory written by British mathematician Ian Stewart. The book was initially published by Blackwell Publishing in 1989. In this book, Stewart explains chaos theory to an audience presumably unfamiliar with it. As the book progresses the writing changes from simple explanations of chaos theory to in-depth, rigorous\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13197575\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Richard Cheese\",\n \"text\": \"Richard Cheese Richard Cheese & Lounge Against the Machine is a cover band and comedy act, performing popular songs in a lounge/swing style, reminiscent of Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, and Tony Bennett. Lounge singer Richard Cheese is a character created and portrayed by Los Angeles-based actor/comedian Mark Jonathan Davis. Davis developed the Richard Cheese lounge singer idea in the mid-1990s while working as a producer at KROQ-FM in Los Angeles. Davis portrayed a character named \\\"Paul The 55-Year-Old Intern\\\" on the Kevin and Bean morning show, and Paul recorded a single called \\\"Paul on 45\\\", which was a humorous medley\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4368716\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Does the K Stand For?\",\n \"text\": \"feel less like real people than excuses to weave in a few good dad jokes\\\". Overall, Elan found, \\\"What lifts the show are the elements of diaspora life weaved throughout, as when Aunty Princess visits from Nigeria and accuses Virginia [Stephen's mother] of cultural betrayal ('You have adopted too many fine and fancy British ways'). Stephen defends the family by suggesting she should 'go back home', prompting him to reflect that he has turned into his own racist enemy. It's unexpectedly thoughtful stuff, suggesting the third series may be even better.\\\" What Does the K Stand For? What Does the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19980608\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grace (play)\",\n \"text\": \"Grace (play) Grace is a 21st-century play written by Mick Gordon and A. C. Grayling. The title character, a cynical atheist science professor, is participating in a psychology experiment in Canada in which the scientists claim to have developed a helmet that can invoke religious experiences. Grace, although skeptical (when asked what the helmet is called, she mockingly answers, \\\"The God Helmet\\\"), is mesmerized by the feelings she experiences while using the device. Throughout the play, she is \\\"pulled out of the scene\\\" and asked questions about her experiences. Grace's son, Tom, is considering becoming a priest, and when Grace\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13178650\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\",\n \"text\": \"that it by no means compared to \\\"LA X\\\", but stated that it \\\"contain[ed] scenes of incredible beauty, based on character work and stakes earned over five seasons [that] made it a fine, if imperfect, hour.\\\" McGee also commented that the scene in which Claire arrives at the hospital and is helped by Ethan as \\\"freakin' outstanding\\\" and called \\\"What Kate Does\\\" \\\"one of the funniest in the show's history. Aldo, Hurley, and Miles all got off plenty of zingers, which will be necessary in a season in which both mythological and dramatic stakes are raising higher and higher each\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13810777\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"South (Martian crater)\",\n \"text\": \"what was likely a central peak. Layers are dominant in most parts of the crater. Very close to the crater there is what has been named \\\"Swiss cheese\\\" features. Swiss cheese features (SCFs) are pits so named because they look like the holes in Swiss cheese. They were first seen in 2000 using Mars Orbiter Camera imagery. They are usually a few hundred meters across and 8 metres deep, with a flat base and steep sides. They tend to have similar bean-like shapes with a cusp pointing towards the south pole. The angle of the sun probably contributes to their\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18585858\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cheese dream\",\n \"text\": \"of bread and cheese in updates of the classic cheese dream of yore. Pumpernickel, dark brown and rye bread have been used, topped with Swiss cheese, Gouda and havarti respectively. Other options include apples with mozzarella, peaches with edam and pear with gorgonzola or brie; Italian herbs, sun-dried tomatoes and mozzarella; or turkey and ham, with which \\\"a variation on a Monte Cristo\\\" can also be created. Scott Fletcher of the Grafton Village Cheese Company makes cheese dreams with rustic country bread, sharp Cheddar cheese, white pepper, eggs, milk, unsalted butter and maple syrup. The open faced sandwiches make an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14260008\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The purpose of a system is what it does\",\n \"text\": \"be balanced by a more straightforwardly descriptive view. The term is used in many fields including biology and management. The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said \\\"According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11958748\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The purpose of a system is what it does\",\n \"text\": \"The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said \\\"According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes a better starting point in seeking understanding than the familiar attributions of good intention, prejudices about expectations, moral judgment,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11958746\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gruyère cheese\",\n \"text\": \"and 2015. Gruyère cheese Gruyère ( or ; , German: \\\"Greyerzer\\\") is a hard yellow cheese that originated in the cantons of Fribourg, Vaud, Neuchâtel, Jura, and Bern in Switzerland. It is named after the town of Gruyères. Before 2001, when Gruyère gained the \\\"appellation d'origine contrôlée\\\" (AOC, now AOP) status as a Swiss cheese, some controversy existed whether French cheeses of a similar nature could also be labelled \\\"Gruyère\\\" (French Gruyère-style cheeses include Comté and Beaufort). Gruyère is sweet but slightly salty, with a flavor that varies widely with age. It is often described as creamy and nutty when\",\n \"psg_id\": \"643984\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gruyère cheese\",\n \"text\": \"Gruyère cheese Gruyère ( or ; , German: \\\"Greyerzer\\\") is a hard yellow cheese that originated in the cantons of Fribourg, Vaud, Neuchâtel, Jura, and Bern in Switzerland. It is named after the town of Gruyères. Before 2001, when Gruyère gained the \\\"appellation d'origine contrôlée\\\" (AOC, now AOP) status as a Swiss cheese, some controversy existed whether French cheeses of a similar nature could also be labelled \\\"Gruyère\\\" (French Gruyère-style cheeses include Comté and Beaufort). Gruyère is sweet but slightly salty, with a flavor that varies widely with age. It is often described as creamy and nutty when young, becoming\",\n \"psg_id\": \"643976\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Does a Tiger Wear a Necktie?\",\n \"text\": \"Upon meeting his son, the barber shows him a dirty photograph. Contrasting Bickham is Conrad, an African-American addict. Conrad wants to recover and marry his love, Linda. During the play, his character leaves the rehabilitation group to live with his sister, who is also an addict. Aside from the students, there are only four characters in the rehabilitation center – a teacher, a psychiatrist, a policeman, and the center's principal. \\\"Does A Tiger Wear A Necktie?\\\" was directed by Michael Schultz in his Broadway debut after years of professional work with the Negro Ensemble Company, and was produced by Huntington\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8771966\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Eyes (cheese)\",\n \"text\": \"Not all CO is so trapped: in an cheese, about 20 L CO remain in the eyes, while 60 L remain dissolved in the cheese mass and 40 L are lost from the cheese. In Dutch-type cheeses, the CO that forms the eyes results from the metabolisation of citrate by citrate-positive (\\\"Cit+\\\") strains of lactococci. Eyes (cheese) Eyes are the round holes that are a characteristic feature of Swiss-type cheese (e.g. Emmentaler cheese) and some Dutch-type cheeses. The eyes are bubbles of carbon dioxide gas. The gas is produced by various species of bacteria in the cheese. In Swiss-type cheeses,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14993204\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Title 2 of the Swiss Federal Constitution\",\n \"text\": \"Title 2 of the Swiss Federal Constitution Title 2 of the Swiss Federal Constitution of 18 April 1999, entitled \\\"Fundamental Rights, Civil Rights and Social Goals\\\", contains a comprehensive and directly enforceable bill of rights, as well as a set of social goals which the state authorities are to pay heed to. A few rights, notably political ones, are explicitly reserved to Swiss citizens, while all others apply to all persons in Switzerland, including (insofar as possible) legal entities such as corporations. While the 1874 constitution enumerated only a few civil rights, the 1999 constitution explicitly codifies the fundamental rights\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10736076\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\",\n \"text\": \"Does' slows the pace down significantly from last week and focuses on telling a character-driven story. This is a welcome change; especially after the heavily plot-driven season five. However, with questions to answer and so much ground to cover during this final season, a better balance between plot and character wouldn't have been such a bad thing.\\\" Alan Sepinwall of \\\"The Star-Ledger\\\" wrote, \\\"Maybe I'll enjoy the 2004 scenes more when we get to some other characters … but this week it was largely a distraction from all that was happening on the island. And even the island scenes were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13810768\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prelude to a Kiss (play)\",\n \"text\": \"Prelude to a Kiss (play) Prelude to a Kiss is a 1988 play by Craig Lucas. It tells the story of a couple that falls in love despite the girl's pessimistic outlook on life. Shortly after their wedding, a supernatural event tests the strength of their love and commitment to each other. The title is taken from the 1938 torch song of the same title by Duke Ellington. Immediately after a young couple named Peter and Rita have exchanged wedding vows, an unknown elderly man asks to kiss the bride. As he does, Rita's soul and the old man's magically\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5190315\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Cheese Grater\",\n \"text\": \"in UCL and around London. The Graters reached the semi-finals of the Leicester Square Theatre Sketch-Off in 2016, and were described as \\\"exemplary\\\" by the Wee Review for their 2017 Fringe show. The Graters have performed at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival every year since their founding at various venues, most recently the Underbelly, with shows including: Although UCL Union's Democracy and Communications sabbatical officer is \\\"The Cheese Grater\\\" 's so-called \\\"legal publisher\\\" (British libel law does not recognise such a title), the sabbatical officers traditionally pass issues of the magazine with few quibbles, thus allowing the magazine to remain as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15338443\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Much the Miller's Son\",\n \"text\": \"Howard Pyle for the character in his \\\"Merry Adventures of Robin Hood\\\". This is in further contrast to the ballad \\\"Robin Hood and Allan-a-Dale\\\" where he is known as Nick, the Miller's Son. In the 1991 movie \\\"\\\" (starring Kevin Costner), a character resembling Much in many respects is the young boy named Wulf. Another character named \\\"Much, the Miller's Son\\\" does appear in the movie (played by Jack Wild) but he has very little screen time. In the earlier tales, however, Much is slightly older and takes a much more physical role. Indeed, he is a formidable fighter. Much\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4897046\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Boy Named Sue\",\n \"text\": \"known recording of the song by a major artist is by Shel Silverstein himself. Various cover artists have covered this song since then. MAD Magazine issue No. 137 (September 1970) included a parody titled \\\"A Boy Dog Named Lassie\\\", based on the fact that the \\\"Lassie\\\" movies and TV series employed male Collies in the female title role. On an episode of \\\"The Partridge Family\\\", a part Native American character introduces himself as \\\"Sioux\\\" causing a reaction from the family members, \\\"A boy name Sioux?\\\" The gender-bending implications of the title have been adapted to explore issues of sex and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2111361\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cheese knife\",\n \"text\": \"arm. The plastic handle rotates upward to tighten the wire, and is secured to the cutting arm with a screw. The board-style cheese slicer has been expanded to include marble, stainless steel, and plastic cutting boards. Several other designs of handles and wire holders have also been invented to hold the cutting wires of cheese slicing boards. Many of these wires have loops on the ends like the Prodyne models; others have small rings or knots that fit into a slot on the handle and cutting arm. The girolle is a utensil for scraping Tête de Moine Swiss cheese into\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12016862\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Maasdam cheese\",\n \"text\": \"moisture content. The style was introduced in 1984 by the Baars company as the trademarked Leerdammer cheese, though it is now made by other Dutch companies under the name Maasdammer. It is called after the village of Maasdam in the province of Zuid-Holland. Maasdam cheese Maasdam cheese () is a Swiss-style Dutch cheese. Made from cow's milk, it is aged for at least 4 weeks. It ripens faster than other Dutch cheeses. Maasdam has internal holes from the ripening process, and a smooth, yellow rind. Sometimes, it is waxed like Gouda. The cheese was created to compete with Swiss Emmental\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9157765\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Processed cheese\",\n \"text\": \"Drug Administration under the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 (Food and Drugs), Section 133 (Cheeses and Cheese Related Products). Pasteurized process cheese can be made from a single cheese (solid, or powdered), or a blend of several cheeses. Cream, milk fat, water, salt, artificial color, oils (for consistency and texture), and spices may also be added. The mixture is heated with an emulsifier, poured into a mold, and allowed to cool. The definitions include: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not maintain a standard of identity for \\\"pasteurized prepared cheese product,\\\" a designation which particularly appears on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2777533\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pizza cheese\",\n \"text\": \"have been developed that have helped to enable the creation of analogue pizza cheeses. An example of a processed pizza cheese is Provel, which uses Cheddar, Swiss, and Provolone cheeses as flavorants. Some analogue types are made with casein, a by-product of milk, and vegetable oil, rather than milk fat. Casein-based Mozzarella-like imitation processed cheeses prepared using rennet are also used as a Mozzarella substitute on frozen pizzas. In some instances, the production of analogue pizza cheese can be similar to the production of cream cheese, although production may be different and homogenization may be avoided. In some varieties, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"338965\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jacoby Open Swiss Teams\",\n \"text\": \"American Men's Swiss Teams. In 1990, it was changed to become the Open Swiss with the Jacoby Trophy awarded to the winners. The trophy is named for Oswald and Jim Jacoby --- one of the premier father-son pairs in ACBL history, the first father-son to win a national championship together and the first father-son to be elected to the ACBL Bridge Hall of Fame. The senior Jacoby, Oswald Jacoby, (1902–1984) won his first major title --- the National Team Championship of the American Whist League --- in 1929 and his last major title --- the Reisinger Board-a-Match Teams --- in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10737698\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bowland cheese\",\n \"text\": \"Sandbach. Due to the amount of interest, the idea was taken to the local cheese fairs of Nantwich and Knutsford where it gained popularity. Now Bowland cheese is produced on a much larger scale and supplies many supermarkets. Bowland cheese Bowland cheese is a type of Lancashire cheese, with the cheese having been mixed with apple, sultana and cinnamon prior to setting. It is named after the Forest of Bowland, which is situated in the east of Lancashire in England. The idea of Bowland cheese was originally thought up by David Williams, the son of Godfrey Williams, owner of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12016302\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Play What I Wrote\",\n \"text\": \"as the title character of this play within a play. Celebrities who appeared as the mystery guest during the show's London run included Ralph Fiennes (who appeared on opening night), Ewan McGregor, Bob Geldof, Cilla Black and Sue Johnston. Kevin Kline, Roger Moore (who suffered a heart attack onstage one night during the performance), Alan Alda, Jeff Goldblum and Daniel Radcliffe were among those who appeared in the Broadway run. The play debuted at the Liverpool Playhouse Theatre in the summer of 2001. It then premiered in the West End at the Wyndham's Theatre in November 2001, directed by Kenneth\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11463659\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bothwell Cheese\",\n \"text\": \"branded merchandise. In 2014, Bothwell Cheese took top prize for its Marble in the cheddar class at the British Empire Cheese Show, a title it has earned eight of the past nine years. It was also awarded first place in the Monterrey Jack class the previous year. This competition is one of Canada's most prestigious cheese competitions and features distinguished cheese makers from around the world. Bothwell Cheese also took home three awards at the 2006 Canadian Western Agribition Cheese Competition in Regina, Saskatchewan. Bothwell was named Grand Champion in the two-year-old aged white cheddar class, while also receiving awards\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13189179\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Swiss cuisine\",\n \"text\": \"cheeses, in particular Emmental cheese, Gruyère, Vacherin, and Appenzeller, are famous Swiss products. The most popular cheese dishes are fondue and raclette. Both these dishes were originally regional dishes, but were popularized by the Swiss Cheese Union to boost sales of cheese. Rösti is a popular potato dish that is eaten all over Switzerland. It was originally a breakfast food, but this has been replaced by the muesli, which is commonly eaten for breakfast and in Switzerland goes by the name of \\\"Birchermüesli\\\" (\\\"Birchermiesli\\\" in some regions). For breakfast and dinner many Swiss enjoy sliced bread with butter and jam.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3482892\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The America Play\",\n \"text\": \"Lincoln and that is what brought him fame and wealth. He was never once his own person except for when he was a gravedigger with his wife and son. One of Parks' points of making this play was to be able to make her own history and it connects to the main character because he could have made his own story if he lived his own life as a gravedigger with his family. She also made it confusing to readers so that they are able to make their own ideas of what she was trying to portray in this play.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11083420\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Grilled Cheese Grill\",\n \"text\": \"three GCG locations, Breslow decided to open another sandwich cart called the Shotgun Sub Shop, located in downtown Portland. As of late 2014, this cart has closed, however. The GCG offers a variety of toppings not usually found on grilled cheese sandwiches. Some of these toppings include bacon, apples, blue cheese, Swiss cheese, jalapeño, artichoke, turkey, hummus, mascarpone, Nutella, banana, cinnamon, avocado, tomato, sauerkraut, ham, salami, chips, fried eggs and many others. Some original sandwiches include: The Grilled Cheese Grill The Grilled Cheese Grill restaurants are a combination of reclaimed vehicle and food cart restaurants that focus on gourmet grilled\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18366014\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\",\n \"text\": \"week.\\\" VanDerWerff of the \\\"LA Times\\\", Ryan of the \\\"Chicago Tribune\\\", Sepinwall of \\\"The Star-Ledger\\\", Jensen of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" and Mark Medley of the \\\"National Post\\\" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million American viewers and 1.57 million Canadian viewers. What Kate Does \\\"What Kate Does\\\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \\\"Lost\\\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was first aired February 9, 2010,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13810778\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Eyes (cheese)\",\n \"text\": \"Eyes (cheese) Eyes are the round holes that are a characteristic feature of Swiss-type cheese (e.g. Emmentaler cheese) and some Dutch-type cheeses. The eyes are bubbles of carbon dioxide gas. The gas is produced by various species of bacteria in the cheese. In Swiss-type cheeses, the eyes form as a result of the activity of propionic acid bacteria (\\\"propionibacteria\\\"), notably \\\"Propionibacterium freudenreichii\\\" subsp. \\\"shermanii\\\". These bacteria transform lactic acid into propionic acid and carbon dioxide, according to the formula: The CO so produced accumulates at weak points in the curd, where it forms the bubbles that become the cheese's eyes.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14993203\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Swiss association\",\n \"text\": \"Gowling WLG, formed by a merger in February 2016, uses a variant of the Swiss Verein structure in which the firm's two partnerships are members of an English company limited by guarantee. Accounting firms structured as Swiss associations include: Swiss association A Swiss association (\\\"Verein\\\" in German, \\\"association\\\" in French, \\\"associazione\\\" in Italian) is a legal structure in Swiss law, defined in the civil code (Part one, title two, chapter two). It is similar to the Anglo-American voluntary association. Unlike in Germany, a Swiss association does not need to be registered in order to have a separate legal personality. It\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6710245\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Play What I Wrote\",\n \"text\": \"been familiar with Morecambe and Wise. The show offered tickets for the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth Broadway preview performances for $1, $2, $3, $4, and $5, respectively as a publicity stunt. The Play What I Wrote The Play What I Wrote is a comedy play written by Hamish McColl, Sean Foley and Eddie Braben, starring Foley and McColl (the double act The Right Size, playing characters named \\\"Sean\\\" and \\\"Hamish\\\"), with Toby Jones, directed by Kenneth Branagh and produced in its original production by David Pugh and Dafydd Rogers. The show is a celebration of the British double\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11463662\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Title 2 of the Swiss Federal Constitution\",\n \"text\": \"contrary to many other Western constitutions, so-called positive or second- and third generation rights are mostly absent from the constitutional text, although they are more widely recognised in legal doctrine and practice. Even so, the inclusion of this provision in the constitution was strongly contested on grounds of economic policy and cantonal autonomy. Title 2 of the Swiss Federal Constitution Title 2 of the Swiss Federal Constitution of 18 April 1999, entitled \\\"Fundamental Rights, Civil Rights and Social Goals\\\", contains a comprehensive and directly enforceable bill of rights, as well as a set of social goals which the state authorities\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10736095\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Horrible Night to Have a Curse\",\n \"text\": \"What a Horrible Night to Have a Curse What a Horrible Night to Have a Curse is a demo album by the American metal band The Black Dahlia Murder, released independently in May 2001. It is the band's only record to feature Sean Gauvreau on bass. Although The Black Dahlia Murder are considered a melodic death metal band, the style of the demo has also been described as metalcore. Vocalist Trevor Strnad said in a interview that much of the material on the demo is a blatant \\\"rip-off\\\" of the metalcore band Prayer for Cleansing. Its title is derived from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11630192\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wensleydale cheese\",\n \"text\": \"cranberries. In Yorkshire, apple pie may be accompanied by white Wensleydale, giving rise to the saying 'an apple pie without the cheese is like a kiss without the squeeze'. In Yorkshire and North East England it is often eaten with fruit cake or Christmas cake. In his essay \\\"In Defence of English Cooking\\\", George Orwell rates Wensleydale as second only to Stilton among British cheese varieties. In the popular 1962 novel \\\"Hornblower and the Hotspur\\\" (set in 1803) the title character makes \\\"an epoch-making discovery, that Wensleydale cheese and port were a pair of heavenly twins\\\" (ch. 9). Wensleydale was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"777720\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brick cheese\",\n \"text\": \"the form of a large rectangular or brick shape, but may also be named \\\"brick\\\" because the cheese curds are pressed with clay-fired bricks. \\\"Brevibacterium linens\\\" grows on the surface of brick cheese, making it surface-ripened. \\\"Brevibacterium linens\\\" is also the bacterium responsible for the aging of Limburger cheese and many French cheese varieties. Cheesemakers often refer to the growth of the bacteria as a \\\"smear\\\". The cheese is placed on wooden shelves, then gets washed with a whey and water mixture and turned. After several days the cheese is then packaged. The US Code of Food Regulations defines what\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6024175\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What She Does Best\",\n \"text\": \"What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \\\"What She Does Best\\\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four years, as Anderson went into a brief retirement and officially retired from releasing singles. The singles from this disc were \\\"Under the Boardwalk\\\" (a cover version of The Drifters' hit), \\\"What He Does Best\\\", and \\\"How Many Hearts\\\". \\\"Under the Boardwalk\\\" reached No. 24; the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10945153\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jarlsberg cheese\",\n \"text\": \"the Agricultural University of Norway. Ystgaard's interest was sparked by the thesis of a dairy sciences student, Per Sakshaug, on the cheese historically made in Vestfold. It was named for a Norwegian nobleman Count Wedel Jarlsberg (or the eponymous county) who owned land near Oslo in an area where an earlier version of the cheese was produced in the early 1800s. The recipe was developed from formulae originating with Swiss cheesemakers who moved to Norway at that time. \\\"Jarlsberg\\\" is a trademark first registered by Tine SA in 1972, and the exact nature and formula for the process of making\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2556632\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Does the K Stand For?\",\n \"text\": \"What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series commenced in January 2017. Reviewing Series 1, Episode 1 for \\\"Radio Times\\\", Tristram Fane Saunders found the show suited Amos \\\"down to the ground; there's a touch of \\\"Seinfeld\\\" about \\\"What Does the K Stand for?\\\" in the way it flows from stand up into a deliciously awkward\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19980606\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Title role\",\n \"text\": \"title character is the primary antagonist. The title role and the lead can be different genders; for example, in the 2003 revival of August Wilson's \\\"Ma Rainey's Black Bottom\\\", Whoopi Goldberg had the title role, but the lead was Charles S. Dutton. The title character in narrative works is one who is named or referred to in the title, such as The Doctor in the TV series \\\"Doctor Who\\\", Harry Potter in the namesake series of novels and films, \\\"Romeo and Juliet\\\" in the Shakespeare play or Annie Oakley in the musical \\\"Annie Get Your Gun\\\". The \\\"title character\\\" need\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4175259\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Son (play)\",\n \"text\": \"the Son to great acclaim. The play ends with the Son's parricide of his father, after which he \\\"strides triumphantly over his father's corpse into a future full of glorious potential.\\\" The Son (play) The Son () is a five-act Expressionist play by the German playwright Walter Hasenclever. It was the first self-proclaimed, full-length Expressionist play to be produced, though its dramatic structure is more or less realistic. It takes as its subject the conflict between the generations and a rejection of the world in general by the young. It is a semi-autobiographical work. It was written in 1912, first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5301589\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Two-Character Play\",\n \"text\": \"mounted a production of \\\"The Two-Character Play\\\" which ran from March 19 through April 26, directed by Romy Ashby, and starring husband and wife Charles Schick and Regina Bartkoff. The Two-Character Play The Two Character Play (also known as \\\"Out Cry\\\" in one of its alternate versions) is an American play by Tennessee Williams that premiered in London at the Hampstead Theatre in December 1967. Williams himself had great affection for the play, and described it as follows: After winning critical and popular acclaim with his earlier plays, Williams wanted to experiment and expand his writing style. His later creations\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12517399\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Play What I Wrote\",\n \"text\": \"Squeeze for the Scarlet Pimple\\\", the \\\"play within a play\\\" (with a cameo by a mystery guest star) which formed the play's second half. It is named after the \\\"play wot I wrote\\\", the inept play supposedly written by Wise and featuring a celebrity guest which formed the finale to each Morecambe and Wise show. In \\\"The Play What I Wrote\\\", \\\"Sean\\\" writes a similarly inept play and is humoured by \\\"Hamish\\\" in the first half by having it performed. As in the Morecambe and Wise antecedent, the celebrity would play him or herself set up to appear, rather foolishly,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11463658\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Swiss association\",\n \"text\": \"Swiss association A Swiss association (\\\"Verein\\\" in German, \\\"association\\\" in French, \\\"associazione\\\" in Italian) is a legal structure in Swiss law, defined in the civil code (Part one, title two, chapter two). It is similar to the Anglo-American voluntary association. Unlike in Germany, a Swiss association does not need to be registered in order to have a separate legal personality. It must be registered if it \\\"conducts a commercial operation\\\". An association can serve as a non-profit organization (NPO) or non-governmental organization (NGO) and this form is used by several Swiss sections of international NGOs such as Amnesty International, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6710236\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Cheese Mites\",\n \"text\": \"revealing to a lay audience sights that would normally only have been available to owners of microscopes.\\\" A complete copy which includes an opening sequence, featuring F. Martin Duncan as the gentleman, was recently discovered uploaded to YouTube under a different title, and has now been acquired by the British Film Institute. Previously only the sequence showing the cheese mites had survived. The Cheese Mites The Cheese Mites (1903) is a British short silent documentary film, produced by Charles Urban and directed by F. Martin Duncan. A gentleman is put off his lunch when he holds up a magnifying glass\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15645717\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"In the Blood (play)\",\n \"text\": \"street, but was chased by the police for it. Hester holds onto the club and uses it later against Jabber. Beauty- Hester's youngest daughter. She is seven years old and considered a snitch from her mother and Trouble. She ran away when Hester was beating Jabber to death. Baby- Hester's youngest son. He is two years-old and the son of Reverend D. Most of the character in the play are in poverty and all affected by Hester's past. Six of the characters give insight, called confessions, of what was their previous sexual experience with Hester, and Hester presents her own\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13087531\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["mother courage and her children by bertolt brecht"],"string":"[\n \"mother courage and her children by bertolt brecht\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":288,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"how many grandchildren did artist grandma moses have?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Grandma Gatewood","text":"Grandma Gatewood Emma Rowena Gatewood, better known as Grandma Gatewood (October 25, 1887–June 4, 1973), was an extreme hiker and ultra-light hiking pioneer who was the first woman to hike the Appalachian Trail from Mount Oglethorpe in Georgia to Mount Katahdin in Maine solo, and in one season. Gatewood was born to a farm family of 15 children in Guyan Township, Gallia County, Ohio. At the age of 19 she married 27 year-old P. C. Gatewood, a college educated primary school teacher, and later tobacco farmer, with whom she had 11 children. She had 24 grandchildren, 30 great-grandchildren, and one","psg_id":"4958398"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Gatewood\",\n \"text\": \"Grandma Gatewood Emma Rowena Gatewood, better known as Grandma Gatewood (October 25, 1887–June 4, 1973), was an extreme hiker and ultra-light hiking pioneer who was the first woman to hike the Appalachian Trail from Mount Oglethorpe in Georgia to Mount Katahdin in Maine solo, and in one season. Gatewood was born to a farm family of 15 children in Guyan Township, Gallia County, Ohio. At the age of 19 she married 27 year-old P. C. Gatewood, a college educated primary school teacher, and later tobacco farmer, with whom she had 11 children. She had 24 grandchildren, 30 great-grandchildren, and one\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4958398\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Grandma Moses","text":"Grandma Moses Anna Mary Robertson Moses (September 7, 1860 – December 13, 1961), known by her nickname Grandma Moses, was an American folk artist. She began painting in earnest at the age of 78 and is often cited as an example of an individual who successfully began a career in the arts at an advanced age. Her works have been shown and sold in the United States and abroad and have been marketed on greeting cards and other merchandise. Moses' paintings are displayed in the collections of many museums. \"Sugaring Off\" was sold for US $1.2 million in 2006. Moses","psg_id":"990113"},{"title":"Grandma Moses","text":"was a member of the Society of Mayflower Descendants and Daughters of the American Revolution. Her 100th birthday was proclaimed \"Grandma Moses Day\" by New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller. \"LIFE\" magazine celebrated her birthday by featuring her on its September 19, 1960, cover. The children's book \"Grandma Moses Story Book\" was published in 1961. Grandma Moses died at age 101 on December 13, 1961 at the Health Center in Hoosick Falls, New York. She is buried there at the Maple Grove Cemetery. President John F. Kennedy memorialized her: \"The death of Grandma Moses removed a beloved figure from American life.","psg_id":"990130"},{"title":"Grandma Moses","text":"moved to a farm in Eagle Bridge, New York at her husband's urging. When Thomas Moses was about 67 years of age in 1927, he died of a heart attack, after which Anna's son Forrest helped her operate the farm. Anna Moses never married again. She retired and moved to a daughter's home in 1936. Anna Mary was known as either \"Mother Moses\" or \"Grandma Moses,\" and although she first exhibited as \"Mrs. Moses,\" the press dubbed her \"Grandma Moses,\" and the nickname stuck. As a young wife and mother, Moses was creative in her home; for example, in 1918","psg_id":"990120"},{"title":"Grandma Moses","text":"The directness and vividness of her paintings restored a primitive freshness to our perception of the American scene. Both her work and her life helped our nation renew its pioneer heritage and recall its roots in the countryside and on the frontier. All Americans mourn her loss.\" After her death, her work was exhibited in several large traveling exhibitions in the United States and abroad. Some of the public collections of her work are: Some of her works are: Grandma Moses Anna Mary Robertson Moses (September 7, 1860 – December 13, 1961), known by her nickname Grandma Moses, was an","psg_id":"990131"},{"title":"Grandma Moses","text":"their meaning. The unrest and the neurotic insecurity of the present day make us inclined to enjoy the simple and affirmative outlook of Grandma Moses.\" During a visit to Hoosick Falls in 1938, Louis J. Caldor, an art collector who worked as an engineer in the state of New York, discovered paintings made by Moses in the window of a drug store. He bought their supply and ten more from her Eagle Bridge house for $3 or $5 each. The next year, three Grandma Moses paintings were included in New York's Museum of Modern Art exhibition entitled \"Contemporary Unknown American","psg_id":"990125"},{"title":"Grandma Moses","text":"Her paintings were exhibited throughout Europe and the United States over the next 20 years. Otto Kallir established the Grandma Moses Properties, Inc. for her. The paintings of Grandma Moses were used to publicize American holidays, including Thanksgiving, Christmas and Mother's Day. During the 1950s, her exhibitions broke attendance records around the world. Art historian Judith Stein noted: \"A cultural icon, the spry, productive nonagenarian was continually cited as an inspiration for housewives, widows and retirees.\" Her paintings were reproduced on Hallmark greeting cards, tiles, fabrics, and ceramics. They were also used to market products, like coffee, lipstick, cigarettes, and","psg_id":"990127"},{"title":"Grandma Moses","text":"appeared on magazine covers, television, and in a documentary of her life. She wrote an autobiography (\"My Life's History\"), won numerous awards, and was awarded two honorary doctoral degrees. The \"New York Times\" said of her: \"The simple realism, nostalgic atmosphere and luminous color with which Grandma Moses portrayed simple farm life and rural countryside won her a wide following. She was able to capture the excitement of winter's first snow, Thanksgiving preparations and the new, young green of oncoming spring... In person, Grandma Moses charmed wherever she went. A tiny, lively woman with mischievous gray eyes and a quick","psg_id":"990114"},{"title":"Grandma Moses","text":"cameras. In 1950, the National Press Club cited her as one of the five most newsworthy women and the National Association of House Dress Manufacturers honored her as their 1951 Woman of the Year. At age 88, \"Mademoiselle\" magazine named Grandma Moses a \"Young Woman of the Year.\" She was awarded two honorary doctoral degrees. The first was bestowed in 1949 from Russell Sage College and the second two years later from the Moore College of Art and Design. President Harry S. Truman presented her with the Women's National Press Club trophy Award for outstanding accomplishment in art in 1949.","psg_id":"990128"},{"title":"Grandma Moses","text":"Painters\". Her first solo exhibition, \"What a Farm Wife Painted,\" opened in the same city in October 1940 at Otto Kallir's Galerie St. Etienne. A meet-and-greet with the artist and an exhibition of 50 paintings at Gimbel's Department Store was held next on November 15. Her art displays included samples of her baked goods and preserves that won Moses prizes at the county fair. Her third solo show in as many months, was held at the Whyte Gallery, Washington, D.C. In 1944, she was represented by the American British Art Center and the Galerie St. Etienne, which increased her sales.","psg_id":"990126"},{"title":"Grandma Harp","text":"who was born in Newton County, Arkansas, and lived for 90 years. The protagonist (who sings the song in first person) says that her life story can be told in only a few short lines, but reflects on how Grandma Harp (along with Grandpa, whom she married in 1901) was a rock that held the family together. Grandma Harp \"Grandma Harp\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Merle Haggard and The Strangers. It was released in March 1972 as the second single from the album \"Let Me Tell You About a Song\". \"Grandma Harp\" was","psg_id":"14100620"},{"title":"Grandma Moses","text":"New England landscapes. Moses said that she would \"get an inspiration and start painting; then I'll forget everything, everything except how things used to be and how to paint it so people will know how we used to live.\" From her works of art, she omitted features of modern life, such as tractors and telephone poles. Her early style is less individual and more realistic or primitive, despite her lack of knowledge of, or perhaps rejection of, basic perspective. Initially she created simple compositions or copied existing images. As her career advanced she created complicated, panoramic compositions of rural life.","psg_id":"990123"},{"title":"Ed Moses (artist)","text":"at the new University of California campus at Irvine. In 1980, Moses received a Guggenheim Fellowship. Moses began working with Peter Goulds at L.A. Louver. He remained with Goulds for the next 15 years. In 1996, Moses' paintings were documented in a major retrospective exhibition at MOCA (Museum of Contemporary Art), Los Angeles. Ed Moses (artist) Ed Moses (April 9, 1926 – January 17, 2018) was an American artist based in Los Angeles and an innovative and central figure of postwar West Coast art. Moses exhibited at the Ferus Gallery in 1957 along with other prominent artists, becoming widely known","psg_id":"12628125"},{"title":"Ed Moses (artist)","text":"Ed Moses (artist) Ed Moses (April 9, 1926 – January 17, 2018) was an American artist based in Los Angeles and an innovative and central figure of postwar West Coast art. Moses exhibited at the Ferus Gallery in 1957 along with other prominent artists, becoming widely known over the next five decades. Moses was born to Olivia Branco Alphosus Lemuel Moses on a ship travelling from Hawaii to San diego on April 9, 1926. The youngest of 3 children, Moses' brother George had died before he was born. When he was 10, his older brother Johnny (age 14) died as","psg_id":"12628122"},{"title":"Moses Williams (artist)","text":"date of his death is uncertain but is thought to be about 1825. Williams' silhouettes can be found in a number of institutions, including: Moses Williams (artist) Moses Williams (1777–c.1825) was an African-American visual artist who was particularly well known as a maker of silhouettes. He was a former slave of the artist Charles Willson Peale. Moses Williams was born in 1777 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Scarborough and Lucy Peale, who were slaves in the home of renowned artist and museum-owner Charles Willson Peale. It is believed that Williams' parents began to work for Peale sometime between 1769 and 1775.","psg_id":"18682267"},{"title":"Moses Williams (artist)","text":"Moses Williams (artist) Moses Williams (1777–c.1825) was an African-American visual artist who was particularly well known as a maker of silhouettes. He was a former slave of the artist Charles Willson Peale. Moses Williams was born in 1777 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Scarborough and Lucy Peale, who were slaves in the home of renowned artist and museum-owner Charles Willson Peale. It is believed that Williams' parents began to work for Peale sometime between 1769 and 1775. In 1786, Peale emancipated Williams' parents, and Williams' father Scarborough changed his name to John Williams, passing along his new last name to his","psg_id":"18682264"},{"title":"How Did I Get Here?","text":"compilation album. How Did I Get Here? How Did I Get Here? is a 1999 compilation album by Badly Drawn Boy. The album was created for American and Japanese audiences who were yet to be exposed to the artist. The album contains many tracks from his fourth and fifth Eps and the entire CD version of his third EP, \"EP 3\". The album features the one of only two CD versions of Badly Drawn Boy's fourth single \"\"Whirlpool\"\", an instrumental featuring production by Andy Votel which was only released on vinyl with a limited pressing; the other being on a","psg_id":"8362480"},{"title":"How Did I Get Here?","text":"How Did I Get Here? How Did I Get Here? is a 1999 compilation album by Badly Drawn Boy. The album was created for American and Japanese audiences who were yet to be exposed to the artist. The album contains many tracks from his fourth and fifth Eps and the entire CD version of his third EP, \"EP 3\". The album features the one of only two CD versions of Badly Drawn Boy's fourth single \"\"Whirlpool\"\", an instrumental featuring production by Andy Votel which was only released on vinyl with a limited pressing; the other being on a Twisted Nerve","psg_id":"8362479"},{"title":"Mario Sanchez (artist)","text":"20th century. Mario Sanchez (artist) Mario Sanchez (7 October 1908 – 28 April 2005) was a Cuban-American folk artist from the Key West cigar-making neighborhood known as \"Gato's Village\". Self-taught, Sanchez began working artistically in 1930 on media like paper bags and cedar wood boards. He would come to specialize in bas relief wood carvings that he would then paint over in vibrant colors, usually depicting scenes of everyday Key West life. Some of his carvings have been valued at more than $50,000. Described as a \"memory artist\" like Grandma Moses or Clementine Hunter, after earning a business degree in","psg_id":"17844374"},{"title":"Mario Sanchez (artist)","text":"Mario Sanchez (artist) Mario Sanchez (7 October 1908 – 28 April 2005) was a Cuban-American folk artist from the Key West cigar-making neighborhood known as \"Gato's Village\". Self-taught, Sanchez began working artistically in 1930 on media like paper bags and cedar wood boards. He would come to specialize in bas relief wood carvings that he would then paint over in vibrant colors, usually depicting scenes of everyday Key West life. Some of his carvings have been valued at more than $50,000. Described as a \"memory artist\" like Grandma Moses or Clementine Hunter, after earning a business degree in stenography in","psg_id":"17844372"},{"title":"Grandma Harp","text":"Grandma Harp \"Grandma Harp\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Merle Haggard and The Strangers. It was released in March 1972 as the second single from the album \"Let Me Tell You About a Song\". \"Grandma Harp\" was Merle Haggard and The Strangers 12th No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart in May 1972, staying atop the chart for two weeks, and spending a total 14 weeks in the top 40. The song is a reflection of a young man's grandmother - the family matriarch and title character, Zone Villines (aka \"Grandma Harp\"),","psg_id":"14100619"},{"title":"Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer (film)","text":"has been behind everything that happened to Grandma. Confronted with the evidence, Cousin Mel is forced to confess everything she did. She even confesses that she hates the true meaning of Christmas and how everyone share and cares. She is then placed under arrest for obstructing justice and \"almost ruining Christmas\" and the judge lets Santa go after finally discovering the truth. Austin approaches Grandma again, this time offering to franchise her store throughout the country, having seen how much she and Jake care about their family and business. The show ends with Grandma accidentally picking up the tainted fruit","psg_id":"9297671"},{"title":"How Many Drinks?","text":"2013. It has since peaked at #69 on the week of July 20, 2013, and spent a total of 20 weeks on the chart. How Many Drinks? \"How Many Drinks?\" is a song by American recording artist Miguel, taken from his critically acclaimed second studio album, \"Kaleidoscope Dream\". The song was produced by Salaam Remi. A remixed single featuring Kendrick Lamar on an added third verse was released as the album's third single on March 3, 2013. It received a nomination for Best R&B Performance at the 56th Grammy Awards held in January 2014. The music video, directed by Clark","psg_id":"17173777"},{"title":"How Many Drinks?","text":"How Many Drinks? \"How Many Drinks?\" is a song by American recording artist Miguel, taken from his critically acclaimed second studio album, \"Kaleidoscope Dream\". The song was produced by Salaam Remi. A remixed single featuring Kendrick Lamar on an added third verse was released as the album's third single on March 3, 2013. It received a nomination for Best R&B Performance at the 56th Grammy Awards held in January 2014. The music video, directed by Clark Jackson, was released on April 22, 2013 on VEVO. The song debuted at 88 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on week ending May 4,","psg_id":"17173776"},{"title":"Grandma Moses","text":"she used housepaint to decorate a fireboard. Beginning in 1932, Moses made embroidered pictures of yarn for friends and family. She also created beautiful quilted objects, a form of \"hobby art\" as defined by Lucy R. Lippard. By the age of 76, Moses had developed arthritis, which made embroidery painful. Her sister Celestia suggested that painting would be easier for her, and this idea spurred Moses's painting career in her late 70s. When her right hand began to hurt, she switched to her left hand. What appeared to be an interest in painting at a late age was actually a","psg_id":"990121"},{"title":"Grandma Moses","text":"Moses lived is still standing (2018), rather badly eroded. Shenandoah Valley Rural Heritage Foundation ential subdivision within corporate Staunton, Virginia. Mount Nebo is the farm on which she made and sold potato chips. The Mount Airy Farm House in which the Moses family lived still stands (2018) To supplement the family income, Anna made potato chips and churned butter from the milk of a cow that she purchased with her savings. Later, the couple bought a farm. Five of the ten children born to them survived infancy. Although she loved living in the Shenandoah Valley, in 1905 Anna and Robert","psg_id":"990119"},{"title":"John Kane (artist)","text":"John Kane (artist) John Kane (August 19, 1860 – August 10, 1934) was an American painter celebrated for his skill in Naïve art. He was the first self-taught American painter in the 20th century to be recognized by a museum. When, on his third attempt, his work was admitted to the 1927 Carnegie International Exhibition, he attracted considerable attention from the media, which initially suspected that his success was a prank. He inadvertently paved the way for other self-taught artists, from Grandma Moses to Outsider Art. Today Kane is remembered for his landscape paintings of industrial Pittsburgh, many of which","psg_id":"6703907"},{"title":"Andy Johnson (artist)","text":"colors and landscapes remind many of American primitives.\" His work went on to receive international acclaim, most notably from his home country of Sweden. In his syndicated column, Mel Heimer quoted Ms. Dwyer describing him as \"a sort of younger Grandma Moses.\" His work was also collected by Jacqueline Kennedy and Lady Bird Johnson for the White House. He died in April 1971. \"His work remains, and the beauty he has left behind is immeasurable.\" Andy Johnson (artist) Andy Johnson (born Anders Johannson, 1893 in Hyssma, Sweden - 1971) was a Swedish-American painter. He started painting at age 64 in","psg_id":"18865757"},{"title":"Grandma, What Great Songs You Sang!","text":"Grandma, What Great Songs You Sang! Grandma, What Great Songs You Sang! is the debut studio album by American pop and country artist Brenda Lee. The album was released on August 3, 1959 on Decca Records and was produced by Owen Bradley. The album was Brenda Lee's only studio album released during the 1950s. \"Grandma, What Great Songs You Sang!\" was recorded in two separate sessions in January 1959 at the Bradley Film and Recording Studio. The sessions took place on January 4 and January 26. The album consisted of twelve separate tracks of material, many of which were cover","psg_id":"14668189"},{"title":"Sybil Moses","text":"had backed out of the deal days later in response to privacy concerns of the victim's families. An attorney from the newspaper hailed Moses's decision and stated that the \"transcripts will help to better understand how emergency operations were handled\" within the World Trade Center complex. Moses died of breast cancer at age 69 at her Englewood, New Jersey, home on January 23, 2009. She was survived by her husband, Stephen, as well as by a daughter, a son, and five grandchildren. Her husband died soon thereafter. Sybil Moses Sybil Rappaport Moses (June 28, 1939 – January 23, 2009) was","psg_id":"13917238"},{"title":"Grandma Tracy","text":"moved, the bomb would detonate. She and Alan are rescued by her grandsons, allowing Grandma to see first hand the work that her family did, and she moved into the Tracy home (\"Move And You're Dead\"). As the family matriarch, Grandma keeps her family together, offering wisdom and advice for her family and the others in the household such as Tin-Tin. It is Grandma who is instrumental in keeping Alan and Tin-Tin together when one of Tin-Tin's old flames pays a visit (\"End Of The Road\"). Together with Kyrano and sometimes Tin-Tin, Grandma takes care of the domestic chores in","psg_id":"14441021"},{"title":"Moses","text":"United States Constitution: \"As much as I love, esteem, and admire the Greeks, I believe the Hebrews have done more to enlighten and civilize the world. Moses did more than all their legislators and philosophers. Swedish historian Hugo Valentin credited Moses as the \"first to proclaim the rights of man.\" Historian Gladys L. Knight describes how leaders who emerged during and after the period in which slavery in the United States was legal often personified the Moses symbol. \"The symbol of Moses was empowering in that it served to amplify a need for freedom.\" Therefore, when Abraham Lincoln was assassinated","psg_id":"262171"},{"title":"How Many Licks?","text":"Lawrence and features the singer as a sex doll in three sexual fantasies. Sisqó did not appear in the video due to conflicts with his record label, Def Jam. Although music critics praised the visual, its treatment of sexuality elicited varied opinions from academics. It was also compared to music videos by other artists, including Minaj's 2011 single \"Stupid Hoe\" and American rapper Missy Elliott's 1997 single \"The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)\". In addition to the clip, Lil' Kim promoted \"How Many Licks?\" with live performances. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \"How Many Licks?\" and wrote it with Lil'","psg_id":"8265547"},{"title":"Grandma (comic strip)","text":"many \"Grandma\" strips; she sometimes reverted to a second childhood and played with the toys herself. Kuhn's other main interest was fishing. At the 1958 Chicago convention of the Grandmothers Club of America, Charles and Lois Kuhn were named Foster Grandparents of the Year. In addition to a plaque from the National Grandmother and Grandfather awards committee, actress Jane Darwell presented the Kuhns with their awards: miniature gold rocking chairs with red plush seats. Grandma (comic strip) Grandma was a comic strip by Charles Kuhn that ran from 1947 to 1969. He usually signed the strip \"Chas. Kuhn\". \"Grandma\" began","psg_id":"8254414"},{"title":"Grandma Moses","text":"She was a prolific painter who generated over 1,500 canvasses in three decades. Moses initially charged $3 to $5 for a painting, depending upon its size, and as her fame increased her works were sold for $8,000 to $10,000. Her winter paintings are reminiscent of some of the known winter paintings of Pieter Bruegel the Elder, although she had never seen his work. A German fan of her work said, \"There emanates from her paintings a light-hearted optimism; the world she shows us is beautiful and it is good. You feel at home in all these pictures, and you know","psg_id":"990124"},{"title":"Grandma Moses","text":"manifestation of a childhood dream. With no time in her difficult farm-life to pursue painting, she was obliged to set aside her passion to paint. At age 92 she wrote, \"I was quite small, my father would get me and my brothers white paper by the sheet. he liked to see us draw pictures, it was a penny a sheet and lasted longer than candy.\" It was her father's encouragement that fed her passion to paint and this dream was able to manifest later in her life. Moses painted scenes of rural life from earlier days, which she called \"old-timey\"","psg_id":"990122"},{"title":"Grandma Moses","text":"Currier and Ives prints and purchased chalk and wax crayons so that she could create her own artwork. When she was 27, she worked on the same farm with Thomas Salmon Moses, a \"hired man.\" They were married and established themselves near Staunton, Virginia where they spent nearly two decades, living and working in turn on five separate local farms;The Bell Farm, Belvidere (also named the Eakle Farm), The Dudley Farm is today (2018) a modern farming enterprise(house still standing and occupied). Mount Airy Farm is now included within Augusta County's Millway Place Industrial Park, the farmhouse in which the","psg_id":"990118"},{"title":"Grandma Moses","text":"United States. She was inspired to paint by taking art lessons at school. Moses first painted as a child, using lemon and grape juice to make colors for her \"landscapes\". Other natural materials that she used to create works of art included ground ochre, grass, flour paste, slack lime and sawdust. At 12 years of age, she left home and began to work for a wealthy neighboring family, performing chores on their farm. She continued to keep house, cook and sew for wealthy families for 15 years. One of the families that she worked for—the Whitesides—noticed her interest in their","psg_id":"990117"},{"title":"Grandma Moses","text":"interest in art throughout her life, including embroidery of pictures with yarn, until arthritis made this pursuit too painful. Anna Mary Robertson was born in Greenwich, New York on September 7, 1860; she was the third of ten children born to Margaret Shanahan Robertson and Russell King Robertson. She was raised with four sisters and five brothers. Her father ran a flax mill and was a farmer. As a child, Moses attended a one-room school for a short period of time. That school is now the Bennington Museum in Vermont, which has the largest collection of her works in the","psg_id":"990116"},{"title":"Grandma Moses","text":"wit, she could be sharp-tongued with a sycophant and stern with an errant grandchild.\" She was a live-in housekeeper for a total of 15 years, starting at 12 years of age. One of her employers noticed her appreciation for their prints made by Currier and Ives, and they supplied her with art materials to create drawings. Moses and her husband began their married life in Virginia, where they worked on farms. In 1905, they returned to the Northeastern United States and settled in Eagle Bridge, New York. The couple had ten children, five of whom survived infancy. She expressed an","psg_id":"990115"},{"title":"How Many Billboards? Art Instead","text":"How Many Billboards? Art Instead How Many Billboards? Art Instead, was a large scale urban art exhibition in Los Angeles, California. The exhibition, which opened in February 2010, concurrently displayed 21 unique billboards created by various leading contemporary Californian artists. Organized by MAK Center director Kimberli Meyer and co-curated by Nizan Shaked and Dr. Gloria Sutton, the exhibition asked artists \"to create a new work that critically responded to the medium of the billboard and interpreted its role in the urban landscape\". Notable contemporary artist Martha Rosler and her son Josh Neufeld were among some of the commissioned artists. https://www.fastcompany.com/1559860/los-angeles-swaps-21-billboards-art","psg_id":"20078353"},{"title":"How Many Billboards? Art Instead","text":"How Many Billboards? Art Instead How Many Billboards? Art Instead, was a large scale urban art exhibition in Los Angeles, California. The exhibition, which opened in February 2010, concurrently displayed 21 unique billboards created by various leading contemporary Californian artists. Organized by MAK Center director Kimberli Meyer and co-curated by Nizan Shaked and Dr. Gloria Sutton, the exhibition asked artists \"to create a new work that critically responded to the medium of the billboard and interpreted its role in the urban landscape\". Notable contemporary artist Martha Rosler and her son Josh Neufeld were among some of the commissioned artists. https://www.fastcompany.com/1559860/los-angeles-swaps-21-billboards-art","psg_id":"20078352"},{"title":"W. R. Moses","text":"was born in Washington, D.C., where Moses, in the Navy from 1942 - 1946, was stationed in WWII as a US Navy officer assigned to communications; after the war he was a civilian employee of the Navy Department. In 1950 the family moved to Manhattan, Kansas, where he taught at Kansas State University, remaining there for 51 years until, in 2001, they rejoined their son, daughter-in-law, and grandchildren in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Moses died suddenly a few months thereafter. According to Poetry, Moses \"contributed verse and criticism to practically all the literary journals...(over the course of) many years.\" Regarded as a","psg_id":"19933587"},{"title":"Moses (Michelangelo)","text":"Freud associates the moment in the biblical narrative when Moses descends from the mountain the first time, carrying the tablets, and finds the Hebrew people worshipping the Golden Calf, as described in Exodus 32. Freud describes Moses in a complex psychological state: We may now, I believe, permit ourselves to reap the fruits of our endeavors. We have seen how many of those who have felt the influence of this statue has been compelled to interpret it as representing Moses agitated by the spectacle of his people fallen from grace and dancing round an idol. But this interpretation had to","psg_id":"3069151"},{"title":"How Many Licks?","text":"VH1 wrote that the single and other tracks from \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" have a \"glossier and far more commercial\" sound than the rapper's previous releases. The lyrics of \"How Many Licks?\" are part of a movement in 1990s hip hop music to express sexuality positively. Sexuality studies professor Thomas A. Foster wrote that Lil' Kim reverses a trend in hip hop music which objectifies women for the male gaze and celebrates male sexuality. Gender studies scholar Aine McGlynn described \"How Many Licks?\" as one of the most sexually-explicit songs to receive airplay. The lyrics describe a woman's interest in oral","psg_id":"8265550"},{"title":"The Cybernetic Grandma","text":"The Cybernetic Grandma The Cybernetic Grandma (Czech: Kybernetická babička) is a 1962 Czechoslovakian stop motion puppet cartoon. It is a surreal science fiction-horror animation film, showing a dystopian situation where machines tend humans into a cybernetic lifestyle. The story is seen through the eyes of a little child who is led by his grandmother to enter an underground world. There it witnesses many strange events and ends up being cared for by a cybernatic grandma looking like a hybrid between a robotic wheelchair and a giant moth. The film shows a contradiction between the kind and sweet way the machine","psg_id":"19356661"},{"title":"Grandma, What Great Songs You Sang!","text":"of five stars, without an official review provided. Grandma, What Great Songs You Sang! Grandma, What Great Songs You Sang! is the debut studio album by American pop and country artist Brenda Lee. The album was released on August 3, 1959 on Decca Records and was produced by Owen Bradley. The album was Brenda Lee's only studio album released during the 1950s. \"Grandma, What Great Songs You Sang!\" was recorded in two separate sessions in January 1959 at the Bradley Film and Recording Studio. The sessions took place on January 4 and January 26. The album consisted of twelve separate","psg_id":"14668191"},{"title":"How Many Licks?","text":"cover version of \"How Many Licks?\", which Josh Middleton of the \"Philadelphia\" praised as \"outstanding\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"The Notorious K.I.M.\". How Many Licks? \"How Many Licks?\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \"How Many Licks?\", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the \"Knight Rider\" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex","psg_id":"8265566"},{"title":"How Many Licks?","text":"\"a celebration of autonomous female sexuality\" to a \"vulgar, demeaning moment of black female objectification\". Some critics compared \"How Many Licks?\" to Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj's 2014 single, \"Anaconda\". Alex Kristelis of \"Bustle\" noted that both songs focused on men's appreciation of the singer's body. A \"Khaleej Times\" writer called \"Anaconda\" a \"blatant copy\" of \"How Many Licks?\", with Minaj's song sharing \"the lyrical blue print and theme\" of Lil' Kim's. \"Westword\"'s Cory Lamz wrote that Minaj parodied \"How Many Licks?\" and its associated visuals in the music video for her 2011 single \"Stupid Hoe\". According to Michael Arceneaux, \"How","psg_id":"8265556"},{"title":"Moses in rabbinic literature","text":"on account of his piety (Josephus, l.c.). The event is described somewhat differently, but equally simply, in Sifre, Deut. 305 (ed. Friedmann, p. 129b). For the statement that Moses did not die at all, compare Sotah 13b. \"When the angel of death, being sent by God to Moses, appeared before him and said, 'Give me your soul,' Moses scolded him, saying, 'You have not even the right to appear where I am sitting; how dare you say to me that I shall give you my soul?' The angel of death took this answer back to God. And when God said","psg_id":"10239770"},{"title":"How Many Licks?","text":"How Many Licks? \"How Many Licks?\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \"How Many Licks?\", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the \"Knight Rider\" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex and her sexual relationships with a variety of men. The chorus is a reference to the advertising slogan for Tootsie Pops. A remix by The","psg_id":"8265545"},{"title":"How Many Fucks","text":"\"How Many Fucks\" received positive reviews from music critics, with some complimenting its \"sexy\" appeal. A music video was released the same day of the single release, and featured Jayne in several \"risqué\" outfits. \"How Many Fucks\" was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while its production was handled by Adam \"Gage\" Bruce. As described by Jennifer Pearson of \"Daily Mail\" stated that the single would likely \"lift her from relative obscurity\" and joked that the lyrics \"drop[ped] the F-bomb several times to answer that question,\" referring to the song's title. Musically, \"How Many Fucks\" is a pop rap","psg_id":"19466866"},{"title":"How Many Fucks","text":"How Many Fucks \"How Many Fucks\" (censored as \"How Many F**ks\") is a song recorded by American singer Erika Jayne for her upcoming second studio album. Released as the album's lead single, the song was first distributed digitally on April 19, 2016, accompanied by the simultaneous release of a music video. In the video, Jayne performed \"seductive\" dance moves and wore \"risqué\" costumes. The song was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while Adam \"Gage\" Bruce solely produced the track. Musically, the single is a pop-rap and EDM track that discusses living carefree and without doubt. After its release,","psg_id":"19466865"},{"title":"How Many Birds","text":"How Many Birds \"How Many Birds\" is a song written by Barry Gibb, recorded by the Bee Gees in 1966 for the \"Spicks and Specks\" album. Recording took place at St. Clair Studios, Hurstville outside Sydney. The song was recorded on one-track tape machines and required the use of sound-on-sound for all overdubs. \"How Many Birds\" was recorded around April and May 1966 as part of the sessions for what became the Spicks and Specks album. The song starts with a guitar riff and the chord became E as Barry sings the introduction. After Barry sings the lines, the song","psg_id":"17736986"},{"title":"How Many Words","text":"13, 2008. Lewis performed the song live on the March 6, 2008 results show of the seventh season of \"American Idol\". The single has sold 94,000 copies to date. How Many Words \"How Many Words\" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album \"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\". The song was expected to be followed by \"Know My Name\", and then \"Without You\". However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, \"How Many Words\" is the final single from his debut album. He is expected to release a single from his second album at the","psg_id":"11647283"},{"title":"How Many Words","text":"How Many Words \"How Many Words\" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album \"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\". The song was expected to be followed by \"Know My Name\", and then \"Without You\". However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, \"How Many Words\" is the final single from his debut album. He is expected to release a single from his second album at the end of 2009. The single was released to mainstream radio format on March 10, 2008. Also, an EP featuring remixes of the song was released onto iTunes on May","psg_id":"11647282"},{"title":"Ed Moses (artist)","text":"Kauffman and Walter Hopps. To complete his master's degree, Moses held his graduate show at the Ferus Gallery, rather than on his college campus. In 1957, Moses moved to New York City, where he met Willem de Kooning, Franz Kline, Mark Rothko and Milton Resnick, before returning to California. In 1959, Moses married Avilda Peters; and moved to the state of Virginia, followed by San Francisco and again to Los Angeles. In 1962, Moses' second son Andy Moses was born. Moses died at his home in Venice, California, at the age of 91. Moses joined the art faculty in 1968","psg_id":"12628124"},{"title":"How Many Fucks","text":"Housewives of Beverly Hills\"'s co-star, Lisa Vanderpump. How Many Fucks \"How Many Fucks\" (censored as \"How Many F**ks\") is a song recorded by American singer Erika Jayne for her upcoming second studio album. Released as the album's lead single, the song was first distributed digitally on April 19, 2016, accompanied by the simultaneous release of a music video. In the video, Jayne performed \"seductive\" dance moves and wore \"risqué\" costumes. The song was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while Adam \"Gage\" Bruce solely produced the track. Musically, the single is a pop-rap and EDM track that discusses living","psg_id":"19466870"},{"title":"Robert Moses","text":"around the city center, with spurs running through neighborhoods. Of this plan, only I-405, its links with I-5, and the Fremont Bridge were built. Moses knew how to drive an automobile, but he did not have a valid driver's license. Instead, he relied on limousines. Moses' view of the automobile harkened to the 1920s, when the car was seen as a vehicle more for pleasure than the business of life. Moses's highways in the first half of the 20th century were parkways—curving, landscaped \"ribbon parks\" that were intended to be pleasures to travel as well as \"lungs for the city\"—though","psg_id":"1976102"},{"title":"Grandma Tracy","text":"Grandma Tracy Grandma Tracy is a fictional character in the television series \"Thunderbirds\". She was voiced by Christine Finn. Little is known about Grandma Tracy's past, and her real name is never mentioned on screen with all the characters, even sometimes her son Jeff, calling her \"Grandma\". As a young girl, her grandmother took her round London and she travelled on the London Underground, a fact that would prove useful later for International Rescue (\"Vault Of Death\"). She was married to a Kansas wheat farmer but was widowed some time before International Rescue begun and helped Jeff bring up his","psg_id":"14441019"},{"title":"Helping Grandma","text":"then calls the kids hoodlums and tells them the store is his and he is the boss and they must leave. Grandma refuses to let him throw them out. The chain store officials arrive and the swindler states that the store now belongs to him. He shows them the paper she signed but it was blank; the real contract of sale was not signed. The swindler then accuses Grandma of tricking him. The officials repeat their phone bid, saying they will give Grandma $1,500. more than the original price agreed upon; Grandma realizes that the swindler had pretended to be","psg_id":"12479446"},{"title":"Helping Grandma","text":"Helping Grandma Helping Grandma is a 1931 \"Our Gang\" short comedy film directed by Robert F. McGowan. It was the 103rd (15th talking episode) \"Our Gang\" short that was released. An older woman owns a small grocery store and the gang helps her run it by waiting on customers, delivering groceries, and keeping her company. They call her Grandma, though she is not any one kid's grandmother but everyone's grandma. She loves the gang and the gang loves her. A chain store company wants to buy her store for more than market value while a swindler also wants to buy","psg_id":"12479441"},{"title":"Ask Grandma","text":"him when he sneaks away to visit her. Neighborhood bully Johnny — who also has eyes for Mary — looks for someone to slug and picks on Joe. Mickey sees this and the two face off. Mickey gets the worst of it until Grandma rallies him on, resulting in Johnny getting pretty well socked. His father comes to his rescue to help in beating up Mickey just as Grandma gets into the fight. Mickey's mother, having witnessed her son in action, comes to realize that Mickey should be a \"regular boy\" moving forward. Ask Grandma Ask Grandma is a 1925","psg_id":"12462861"},{"title":"Ask Grandma","text":"Ask Grandma Ask Grandma is a 1925 American short silent comedy film directed by Robert F. McGowan. It was the 39th \"Our Gang\" short subject released. Mickey's overprotective mother is trying to raise her son as a gentleman by dressing him like a sissy and enrolling him in dance school. Mickey takes things particularly hard when he sees the gang playing with a toy airplane. The only family member who sympathizes with Mickey's plight is his Grandma, who knows that he is harboring a serious crush on precocious Mary. Grandma encourages Mickey to pursue Mary and agrees to cover for","psg_id":"12462860"},{"title":"Mario Perez (artist)","text":"him drawing with broken pencil nubs on scraps of paper. He left Cuba at the age of 15, after the death of his mother, and did not return for more than 40 years. A visit to Cuba in 2000, after receiving an entry visa from Fidel Castro's government, led to a particularly productive period in his work. Perez's style is classified as primitive art, also called naive art, a category used to describe notable work produced by artists without formal schooling, such as Grandma Moses, and which captures instinctive artistic expressions without the typical conventions and uniformity of classically educated","psg_id":"8758628"},{"title":"Moses Tladi","text":"are also included. Moses Tladi Moses Tladi (1903–1959) was a self-taught artist who was the first black painter to have had a formal exhibition in South Africa and the first black artist to exhibit at the South African National Gallery. Moses Tladi was born and brought up in 1903 Lobethal, GaPhahla, in the northern part of South Africa. He was the son of a traditional healer who made a living by working creatively in iron, and a mother who was a gifted potter. Tladi spent his early years herding cattle. His parents converted to Christianity under the influence of the","psg_id":"19604108"},{"title":"Moses Tladi","text":"a result of the National Party's Apartheid policies, specifically the Group Areas Act. He died in 1959, at the age of 56. The first major South African exhibition of the work of artist, Moses Tladi, opened at the Iziko South African National Gallery in Cape Town on Heritage Day, 24 September 2015. The exhibition entitled Moses Tladi Unearthed, provided the visitor with an exceptional opportunity to view his work. Cited as the first black artist to have exhibited formally in South Africa, Moses Tladi (1903-1959) developed a reputation as a realist landscape painter. During his lifetime, he was the first","psg_id":"19604106"},{"title":"Moses Tladi","text":"Moses Tladi Moses Tladi (1903–1959) was a self-taught artist who was the first black painter to have had a formal exhibition in South Africa and the first black artist to exhibit at the South African National Gallery. Moses Tladi was born and brought up in 1903 Lobethal, GaPhahla, in the northern part of South Africa. He was the son of a traditional healer who made a living by working creatively in iron, and a mother who was a gifted potter. Tladi spent his early years herding cattle. His parents converted to Christianity under the influence of the Berlin Missionary Society,","psg_id":"19604103"},{"title":"Jimmy Moses","text":"2009. He recently was seen as a truck driver in Chennai Express. He did a cameo in the television comedy-drama series Mrs. Pammi Pyarelal on Colors TV channel. He acted in a supporting role as an assistant coach in the movie Soorma. Jimmy Moses Jimmy Moses is an Indian actor, playback singer, stand-up comedian & mimicry artist from Mumbai. He is younger brother of India's ace comedian Johnny Lever. Jimmy has been doing comedy for more than two decades now, and has done about 4,000 shows in more than 30 countries. Jimmy Moses was born to Prakash Rao Janumala and","psg_id":"18361043"},{"title":"Beulah H. Brown","text":"naive style paintings that became very well known and led to comparisons her works to that of Grandma Moses, a celebrated American folk artist. Beulah resented the comparison to Moses because of her sophisticated schooling, and the fact that Grandma Moses was self-taught. Subject matter focus within Beulah Brown's work extended to figure, genre, landscape and snow scenes. In particular, Winter snow scenes and Genre scenes were regarded as Ms. Brown's specialty within her unique signature style. This signature style later earned Ms. Brown the distinction of being included among the Indiana's well regarded \"Group of Twelve\" contemporary Indiana women","psg_id":"11568122"},{"title":"Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer (film)","text":"cake instead of her own recipe, with the result that Santa hits her again as he is trying to fly back to the North Pole. Grandpa and Jake pick her up; this time Grandma did not suffer amnesia. Santa's sleigh takes off into the night with him saying the Spanish phrase for \"Merry Christmas\": \"Feliz Navidad\". Warner Home Video released \"Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer\" to VHS on October 31, 2000 and to DVD on October 16, 2001. Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer (film) Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer is a Canadian–American animated Christmas","psg_id":"9297672"},{"title":"Storms of My Grandchildren","text":"Storms of My Grandchildren Storms of My Grandchildren: The Truth About the Coming Climate Catastrophe and Our Last Chance to Save Humanity is climate scientist James Hansen's first book, published by Bloomsbury Press in 2009. The book is about threats to people and habitability for life on earth from global warming. In the book, Hansen describes how the burning of fossil fuels is changing our climate and argues that this is putting Earth into imminent peril. He suggests that millions of species, and humanity itself, are threatened. The title of the book, \"Storms of My Grandchildren\", refers to the ferocious","psg_id":"14790959"},{"title":"How It Should Have Ended","text":"How It Should Have Ended How It Should Have Ended (HISHE) is an animated webseries that parodies popular films by creating alternate endings and pointing out various flaws. Endings for many major movies have been presented, using the tagline ‘sometimes movies don't finish the way we'd like’. \"How It Should Have Ended\" began after Daniel Baxter and Tommy Watson started discussing alternate endings for a movie they had watched. In 2005 their first animation \"How Matrix Revolutions Should Have Ended\" was completed and soon after in July 2005 the website was established. Christina \"Tina\" Alexander, who has previously worked with","psg_id":"17436752"},{"title":"Emily Carr","text":"have been made of her dramatized short stories as many readers expect them to be historically accurate. Carr's life itself made her a \"Canadian icon\", according to the \"Canadian Encyclopedia\". As well as being \"an artist of stunning originality and strength\", she was an exceptionally late bloomer, starting the work for which she is best known at the age of 57 (see Grandma Moses). Carr was also an artist who succeeded against the odds, living in an artistically unadventurous society, and working mostly in seclusion away from major art centers, thus making her \"a darling of the women's movement\" (see","psg_id":"1997643"},{"title":"Grandma Got STEM","text":"the women featured on the blog are generally old enough to be grandmothers, although not all of them had children. Although many famous researchers are included, the blog posts also feature women who worked at lower-level teaching and laboratory assistant positions in STEM. Grandma Got STEM Grandma Got STEM is a blog by Rachel Levy, a mathematician at Harvey Mudd College, about earlier generations of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Levy founded the blog in March 2013, and by June 2013 had already accumulated 100 posts to it. The blog is aimed at a general audience. Its","psg_id":"20798017"},{"title":"Alfred the Gorilla","text":"she approached he urinated on her head, the story is still remembered by her grandchildren today who often ask to see the gorilla who ‘did a wee on great grandma’ when they visit the museum. Another writer described how Alfred was her favourite animal at the zoo and she has many memories but her favourite is of her aunt eating plums in front of Alfred. He kept asking her for some and when she simply laughed at him he went to the back of his cage and threw his dung at her. She continued to laugh and not feed him","psg_id":"17954639"},{"title":"Mount Airy (Verona, Virginia)","text":"Mount Airy (Verona, Virginia) Mount Airy, also known as the Grandma Moses House and Major James Crawford House, is a historic home located at Verona, Augusta County, Virginia. It was built about 1840, and is a two-story, five-bay, single-pile brick I-house. It has a rear 1 1/2-story, brick ell addition with porch built about 1850. Also on the property are a contributing washhouse (c. 1900), shed (c. 1900), and wagon house (c. 1921). The American artist Grandma Moses (1860–1961) and her husband Thomas Solomon Moses owned the house from January 1901 to September 1902. It was the first house they","psg_id":"17334742"},{"title":"How Hedley Hopkins Did a Dare","text":"the novel states that a good deal of the story is autobiographical in nature. How Hedley Hopkins Did a Dare How Hedley Hopkins Did a Dare, robbed a grave, made a new friend who might not have really been there at all, and while he was at it committed a terrible sin which everyone was doing even though he didn't know it () is a children's book written by Australian author Paul Jennings, and published by Puffin Books in May 2005. The story covers a short time in the life of young Hedley Hopkins, an English immigrant to Australia in","psg_id":"6547899"},{"title":"How Hedley Hopkins Did a Dare","text":"How Hedley Hopkins Did a Dare How Hedley Hopkins Did a Dare, robbed a grave, made a new friend who might not have really been there at all, and while he was at it committed a terrible sin which everyone was doing even though he didn't know it () is a children's book written by Australian author Paul Jennings, and published by Puffin Books in May 2005. The story covers a short time in the life of young Hedley Hopkins, an English immigrant to Australia in the 1950s. The book was launched at St. Mary's Cathedral College. An afterword of","psg_id":"6547898"},{"title":"How Did This Get Made?","text":"has hosted episodes of its own spin-off podcast \"How Did This Get Made? Origin Stories\" in which Blake Harris interviews people involved with the films covered by the main show. In December 2017, an episode was recorded for the Pee Cast Blast event, and released exclusively on Stitcher Premium. How Did This Get Made? How Did This Get Made? (HDTGM) is a podcast on the Earwolf network. It is hosted by Paul Scheer, June Diane Raphael and Jason Mantzoukas. Each show, which typically has a different guest, features the deconstruction and mockery of outlandish and bad films. The hosts and","psg_id":"18181356"},{"title":"How Many Licks?","text":"Neptunes has additional vocals from American artists Kelis, Lil' Cease, and Snoop Dogg. \"How Many Licks?\" was praised by music critics after its release and in retrospective reviews; the Neptunes remix also received positive reviews. However, African-American studies professor Mark Anthony Neal criticized the song's treatment of black female sexuality. Commentators compared its content to Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj's 2014 single, \"Anaconda\". \"How Many Licks?\" peaked at number 75 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and charted in several other countries, but was not as commercially successful as Lil' Kim's previous releases. The song's music video was directed by Francis","psg_id":"8265546"},{"title":"How Many Birds","text":"gets faster. The singer states that he's lonely without his girl and doesn't know what to do. The Kids covered the song the same year, lead vocalist Michael Griffith and Tony Borg singing to the Bee Gees backing tracks. The Kids never recorded again but the fact that they chose this song to record proves that the Saint Clair tapes were not discarded when the studio closed, and were presumably in Nat Kipner's hands. But Kipner today has no idea where they went to. How Many Birds \"How Many Birds\" is a song written by Barry Gibb, recorded by the","psg_id":"17736987"},{"title":"Grandma (comic strip)","text":"Grandma (comic strip) Grandma was a comic strip by Charles Kuhn that ran from 1947 to 1969. He usually signed the strip \"Chas. Kuhn\". \"Grandma\" began April 14, 1947. It was originally distributed by Duke Richardson's Indianapolis-based syndicate, Richardson Feature Service. A year later, \"Grandma\" was picked up by King Features Syndicate, which distributed it from June 28, 1948, until 1969. The Sunday page began November 20, 1949. Kuhn used it to introduce an innovative, interactive device; a single panel in the middle tier was displayed minus colors, so that young readers could use crayons to complete the coloring. It","psg_id":"8254412"},{"title":"Dead Grandma","text":"Dead Grandma Dead Grandma is a 10-episode comedy Web series created by Will Kindrick. It is written by Kindrick, Courtney Branning, Matt Heder and is produced by Mummy Space Island Productions. The series follows the life of a hapless young college student Andy (Matt Heder), whose grandma (Beverly Welsh) comes back from the dead to help him find love. The series is hosted by Jon Heder who begins each episode with a campy intro reminiscent of the openings of nostalgic shows such as Masterpiece Theater and The Wonderful World of Disney. Each episode follows a two-act structure split up by","psg_id":"16760672"},{"title":"Grandma Tracy","text":"was Kyrano's wife and Tin-Tin's mother. Grandma returned in the 2015 remake Thunderbirds Are Go, portrayed by Sandra Dickinson; in the new show, she was one of only three people to know of the Hood (the others being Jeff and Kayo). She has a noticeably different personality: she is noticeably tougher than her original counterpart, has taken over the role of head of the family following her son’s disappearance, and is a terrible cook. In Season 2, she reveals her real name is Sally. Grandma Tracy Grandma Tracy is a fictional character in the television series \"Thunderbirds\". She was voiced","psg_id":"14441025"},{"title":"Grandma Tracy","text":"before the story of \"Move And You're Dead\" is aired. Whilst Grandma was intended to debut in \"Move And You're Dead\" and had not been filmed in any of the original footage for the preceding eight episodes, the continuity error occurred when the early episodes had to be extended from their original 25 minute form and new material filmed to pad the episodes out includes Grandma. Grandma featured briefly in the film, \"Thunderbird 6\", but has no dialogue. She does not appear in the 2004 live action film at all, instead being replaced by a new character called Onaha, who","psg_id":"14441024"},{"title":"Helping Grandma","text":"her over the phone and she socks the guy so hard he falls across the room. After he threatens Grandma by saying \"I'll get you!\"' Wheezer hits him on the head with a hammer. This episode was heavily edited on the Little Rascals television prints beginning in 1971. Scenes with Stymie tasting the store items were all cut out due to perceptions of racism toward African Americans. Most, but not all of the deleted scenes were reinstated on the TV prints shown on AMC from 2001–2003 and on MeTV in 2016. Helping Grandma Helping Grandma is a 1931 \"Our Gang\"","psg_id":"12479447"},{"title":"How Many More Times","text":"\"most representative cut\". Mendelsohn complimented Page's guitar solo and Bonham's drumming but criticized Plant's vocals, calling them \"strained and unconvincing\". How Many More Times \"How Many More Times\" is the ninth and final track on English rock band Led Zeppelin's 1969 debut album \"Led Zeppelin\". The song is credited in the album liner to Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, and John Bonham, but Robert Plant was later added to the ASCAP credits. At eight and a half minutes, \"How Many More Times\" is the longest song on the album. It is one of three Led Zeppelin songs on which Page","psg_id":"7319705"},{"title":"How Many More Times","text":"Wolf's \"How Many More Years\" (1951), as well as other songs by blues musicians he admired at the time of recording. In 1970, \"How Many More Times\" was dropped from Led Zeppelin's typical setlist, although they continued to perform it on occasion until the early stages of their 1975 North American tour, when it was re-introduced in full as a result of Jimmy Page's injured finger, which temporarily prevented him from playing the more challenging \"Dazed and Confused\". In a contemporary review for \"Led Zeppelin\" on release, John Mendelsohn of \"Rolling Stone\" called \"How Many More Times\" as the album's","psg_id":"7319704"},{"title":"How Many More Times","text":"How Many More Times \"How Many More Times\" is the ninth and final track on English rock band Led Zeppelin's 1969 debut album \"Led Zeppelin\". The song is credited in the album liner to Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, and John Bonham, but Robert Plant was later added to the ASCAP credits. At eight and a half minutes, \"How Many More Times\" is the longest song on the album. It is one of three Led Zeppelin songs on which Page used bowed guitar. In an interview he gave to \"Guitar World\" magazine in 1993, Page stated that the song \"was","psg_id":"7319702"},{"title":"How Many More Years","text":"the central guitar lick in rock 'n' roll, and that's the first time we heard that played on a distorted guitar. It was an old big band lick, turned into something completely fresh. How Many More Years \"How Many More Years\" is a blues song written and originally recorded by Howlin' Wolf (born Chester Burnett) in July 1951. Recorded at the Memphis Recording Service – which later became the Sun Studio – it was released by Chess Records and reached no.4 on the \"Billboard\" R&B chart. Musician and record producer T-Bone Burnett has described \"How Many More Years\" as \"in","psg_id":"17274670"},{"title":"The Cybernetic Grandma","text":"talks to the child and its disturbingly cold insensitive behavior. The cybernetic grandma is portrayed by the mechanically accurate and formally perfect voice and language of Czech actress Otýlie Benšíková. At the end of the movie, the little child is rescued by its true biological grandma, who turns off the cybernetic one and takes care of it. Martin Flašar//Jan Novák, Jiří Trnka A Jejich Kybernetická Babička//Doi: 10.5817/Mb2013-1-7//Musicologica Brunensia 48, 2013, 1 The Cybernetic Grandma The Cybernetic Grandma (Czech: Kybernetická babička) is a 1962 Czechoslovakian stop motion puppet cartoon. It is a surreal science fiction-horror animation film, showing a dystopian situation","psg_id":"19356662"},{"title":"How Many More Years","text":"How Many More Years \"How Many More Years\" is a blues song written and originally recorded by Howlin' Wolf (born Chester Burnett) in July 1951. Recorded at the Memphis Recording Service – which later became the Sun Studio – it was released by Chess Records and reached no.4 on the \"Billboard\" R&B chart. Musician and record producer T-Bone Burnett has described \"How Many More Years\" as \"in some ways... the first rock’n’roll song...\". It was a double-sided hit with \"Moanin' at Midnight\", which reached no.10 on the R&B chart. After military service, Chester Burnett performed as a blues singer and","psg_id":"17274665"},{"title":"Grandma (film)","text":"a total of $7,087,452. \"Grandma\" was first released on DVD, Blu-ray and video on demand on February 9, 2016. The DVD and Blu-ray include an audio commentary with Weitz, Tomlin, Garner and Elliott, as well as a 21-minute interview with Weitz, Tomlin and Elliott. The Blu-ray version includes an additional 25-minute behind the scenes featurette. \"Grandma\" received a score of 92% on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 162 reviews, and an average rating of 7.5/10. The site's consensus reads, \"Boasting a stellar performance from Lily Tomlin and some powerfully empathetic work from writer-director Paul Weitz, \"Grandma\" is a dramedy that shouldn't","psg_id":"18594926"},{"title":"Moses (3/3)","text":"Moses (3/3) Moses (3/3) is a public sculpture by United States artist Tony Smith. It is on the grounds of the Toledo Museum of Art in Toledo, Ohio. The title of the work was inspired from readings of his own work that links this sculpture to the work of Michelangelo and Rembrandt. \"Moses\" is a black, painted steel sculpture that stands 11'6\" (h) x 15' (w) x 7'4\" (d). Like many of Tony Smith's large sculptures, \"Moses\" was developed with geometric and mathematical principles in mind. It is a monumental sculpture with tilting faces and extending branches. In fact, the","psg_id":"17048678"},{"title":"How Many Licks?","text":"song as an example of how Sisqó pushed the envelope of sexuality in popular culture. Brittany Vincent of \"Billboard\" noted it as an example of how the rapper was unafraid of exploring sex in her music. An editor for Apple Music included the song on its \"Lil' Kim Essentials\" playlist, writing that Lil Kim' \"more than held her own as an agile and self-possessed MC who pushed hip-hop toward its unalloyed id\". However, African-American studies professor Mark Anthony Neal criticized the single for perpetuating the sexual objectification of women. Comparing \"How Many Licks?\" with American singer Tweet's 2002 song \"Oops","psg_id":"8265554"},{"title":"Russell Moses","text":"Russell Moses Russell Moses (born 1948) is a New Zealand artist. He was born in 1948 in Palmerston North, New Zealand, Moses works in a variety of media including painting, printmaking, ceramic art, and sculpting. Moses is a self-taught artist who came to prominence in the 1970s with his large pit-fired ceramic sculpture installations. From 1971, he intermittently shared studio space with fellow New Zealand artist Ralph Hotere, who had built a studio at Observation Point, near Port Chalmers, in New Zealand's South Island. The studio was demolished in 1993 as part of efforts by the town's port facilities to","psg_id":"19385659"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\",\n \"text\": \"Grandma Moses Anna Mary Robertson Moses (September 7, 1860 – December 13, 1961), known by her nickname Grandma Moses, was an American folk artist. She began painting in earnest at the age of 78 and is often cited as an example of an individual who successfully began a career in the arts at an advanced age. Her works have been shown and sold in the United States and abroad and have been marketed on greeting cards and other merchandise. Moses' paintings are displayed in the collections of many museums. \\\"Sugaring Off\\\" was sold for US $1.2 million in 2006. Moses\",\n \"psg_id\": \"990113\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\",\n \"text\": \"was a member of the Society of Mayflower Descendants and Daughters of the American Revolution. Her 100th birthday was proclaimed \\\"Grandma Moses Day\\\" by New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller. \\\"LIFE\\\" magazine celebrated her birthday by featuring her on its September 19, 1960, cover. The children's book \\\"Grandma Moses Story Book\\\" was published in 1961. Grandma Moses died at age 101 on December 13, 1961 at the Health Center in Hoosick Falls, New York. She is buried there at the Maple Grove Cemetery. President John F. Kennedy memorialized her: \\\"The death of Grandma Moses removed a beloved figure from American life.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"990130\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\",\n \"text\": \"moved to a farm in Eagle Bridge, New York at her husband's urging. When Thomas Moses was about 67 years of age in 1927, he died of a heart attack, after which Anna's son Forrest helped her operate the farm. Anna Moses never married again. She retired and moved to a daughter's home in 1936. Anna Mary was known as either \\\"Mother Moses\\\" or \\\"Grandma Moses,\\\" and although she first exhibited as \\\"Mrs. Moses,\\\" the press dubbed her \\\"Grandma Moses,\\\" and the nickname stuck. As a young wife and mother, Moses was creative in her home; for example, in 1918\",\n \"psg_id\": \"990120\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\",\n \"text\": \"The directness and vividness of her paintings restored a primitive freshness to our perception of the American scene. Both her work and her life helped our nation renew its pioneer heritage and recall its roots in the countryside and on the frontier. All Americans mourn her loss.\\\" After her death, her work was exhibited in several large traveling exhibitions in the United States and abroad. Some of the public collections of her work are: Some of her works are: Grandma Moses Anna Mary Robertson Moses (September 7, 1860 – December 13, 1961), known by her nickname Grandma Moses, was an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"990131\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\",\n \"text\": \"their meaning. The unrest and the neurotic insecurity of the present day make us inclined to enjoy the simple and affirmative outlook of Grandma Moses.\\\" During a visit to Hoosick Falls in 1938, Louis J. Caldor, an art collector who worked as an engineer in the state of New York, discovered paintings made by Moses in the window of a drug store. He bought their supply and ten more from her Eagle Bridge house for $3 or $5 each. The next year, three Grandma Moses paintings were included in New York's Museum of Modern Art exhibition entitled \\\"Contemporary Unknown American\",\n \"psg_id\": \"990125\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\",\n \"text\": \"Her paintings were exhibited throughout Europe and the United States over the next 20 years. Otto Kallir established the Grandma Moses Properties, Inc. for her. The paintings of Grandma Moses were used to publicize American holidays, including Thanksgiving, Christmas and Mother's Day. During the 1950s, her exhibitions broke attendance records around the world. Art historian Judith Stein noted: \\\"A cultural icon, the spry, productive nonagenarian was continually cited as an inspiration for housewives, widows and retirees.\\\" Her paintings were reproduced on Hallmark greeting cards, tiles, fabrics, and ceramics. They were also used to market products, like coffee, lipstick, cigarettes, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"990127\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\",\n \"text\": \"appeared on magazine covers, television, and in a documentary of her life. She wrote an autobiography (\\\"My Life's History\\\"), won numerous awards, and was awarded two honorary doctoral degrees. The \\\"New York Times\\\" said of her: \\\"The simple realism, nostalgic atmosphere and luminous color with which Grandma Moses portrayed simple farm life and rural countryside won her a wide following. She was able to capture the excitement of winter's first snow, Thanksgiving preparations and the new, young green of oncoming spring... In person, Grandma Moses charmed wherever she went. A tiny, lively woman with mischievous gray eyes and a quick\",\n \"psg_id\": \"990114\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\",\n \"text\": \"cameras. In 1950, the National Press Club cited her as one of the five most newsworthy women and the National Association of House Dress Manufacturers honored her as their 1951 Woman of the Year. At age 88, \\\"Mademoiselle\\\" magazine named Grandma Moses a \\\"Young Woman of the Year.\\\" She was awarded two honorary doctoral degrees. The first was bestowed in 1949 from Russell Sage College and the second two years later from the Moore College of Art and Design. President Harry S. Truman presented her with the Women's National Press Club trophy Award for outstanding accomplishment in art in 1949.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"990128\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\",\n \"text\": \"Painters\\\". Her first solo exhibition, \\\"What a Farm Wife Painted,\\\" opened in the same city in October 1940 at Otto Kallir's Galerie St. Etienne. A meet-and-greet with the artist and an exhibition of 50 paintings at Gimbel's Department Store was held next on November 15. Her art displays included samples of her baked goods and preserves that won Moses prizes at the county fair. Her third solo show in as many months, was held at the Whyte Gallery, Washington, D.C. In 1944, she was represented by the American British Art Center and the Galerie St. Etienne, which increased her sales.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"990126\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Harp\",\n \"text\": \"who was born in Newton County, Arkansas, and lived for 90 years. The protagonist (who sings the song in first person) says that her life story can be told in only a few short lines, but reflects on how Grandma Harp (along with Grandpa, whom she married in 1901) was a rock that held the family together. Grandma Harp \\\"Grandma Harp\\\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Merle Haggard and The Strangers. It was released in March 1972 as the second single from the album \\\"Let Me Tell You About a Song\\\". \\\"Grandma Harp\\\" was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14100620\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\",\n \"text\": \"New England landscapes. Moses said that she would \\\"get an inspiration and start painting; then I'll forget everything, everything except how things used to be and how to paint it so people will know how we used to live.\\\" From her works of art, she omitted features of modern life, such as tractors and telephone poles. Her early style is less individual and more realistic or primitive, despite her lack of knowledge of, or perhaps rejection of, basic perspective. Initially she created simple compositions or copied existing images. As her career advanced she created complicated, panoramic compositions of rural life.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"990123\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ed Moses (artist)\",\n \"text\": \"at the new University of California campus at Irvine. In 1980, Moses received a Guggenheim Fellowship. Moses began working with Peter Goulds at L.A. Louver. He remained with Goulds for the next 15 years. In 1996, Moses' paintings were documented in a major retrospective exhibition at MOCA (Museum of Contemporary Art), Los Angeles. Ed Moses (artist) Ed Moses (April 9, 1926 – January 17, 2018) was an American artist based in Los Angeles and an innovative and central figure of postwar West Coast art. Moses exhibited at the Ferus Gallery in 1957 along with other prominent artists, becoming widely known\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12628125\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ed Moses (artist)\",\n \"text\": \"Ed Moses (artist) Ed Moses (April 9, 1926 – January 17, 2018) was an American artist based in Los Angeles and an innovative and central figure of postwar West Coast art. Moses exhibited at the Ferus Gallery in 1957 along with other prominent artists, becoming widely known over the next five decades. Moses was born to Olivia Branco Alphosus Lemuel Moses on a ship travelling from Hawaii to San diego on April 9, 1926. The youngest of 3 children, Moses' brother George had died before he was born. When he was 10, his older brother Johnny (age 14) died as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12628122\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Moses Williams (artist)\",\n \"text\": \"date of his death is uncertain but is thought to be about 1825. Williams' silhouettes can be found in a number of institutions, including: Moses Williams (artist) Moses Williams (1777–c.1825) was an African-American visual artist who was particularly well known as a maker of silhouettes. He was a former slave of the artist Charles Willson Peale. Moses Williams was born in 1777 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Scarborough and Lucy Peale, who were slaves in the home of renowned artist and museum-owner Charles Willson Peale. It is believed that Williams' parents began to work for Peale sometime between 1769 and 1775.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18682267\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Moses Williams (artist)\",\n \"text\": \"Moses Williams (artist) Moses Williams (1777–c.1825) was an African-American visual artist who was particularly well known as a maker of silhouettes. He was a former slave of the artist Charles Willson Peale. Moses Williams was born in 1777 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Scarborough and Lucy Peale, who were slaves in the home of renowned artist and museum-owner Charles Willson Peale. It is believed that Williams' parents began to work for Peale sometime between 1769 and 1775. In 1786, Peale emancipated Williams' parents, and Williams' father Scarborough changed his name to John Williams, passing along his new last name to his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18682264\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Did I Get Here?\",\n \"text\": \"compilation album. How Did I Get Here? How Did I Get Here? is a 1999 compilation album by Badly Drawn Boy. The album was created for American and Japanese audiences who were yet to be exposed to the artist. The album contains many tracks from his fourth and fifth Eps and the entire CD version of his third EP, \\\"EP 3\\\". The album features the one of only two CD versions of Badly Drawn Boy's fourth single \\\"\\\"Whirlpool\\\"\\\", an instrumental featuring production by Andy Votel which was only released on vinyl with a limited pressing; the other being on a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8362480\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Did I Get Here?\",\n \"text\": \"How Did I Get Here? How Did I Get Here? is a 1999 compilation album by Badly Drawn Boy. The album was created for American and Japanese audiences who were yet to be exposed to the artist. The album contains many tracks from his fourth and fifth Eps and the entire CD version of his third EP, \\\"EP 3\\\". The album features the one of only two CD versions of Badly Drawn Boy's fourth single \\\"\\\"Whirlpool\\\"\\\", an instrumental featuring production by Andy Votel which was only released on vinyl with a limited pressing; the other being on a Twisted Nerve\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8362479\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mario Sanchez (artist)\",\n \"text\": \"20th century. Mario Sanchez (artist) Mario Sanchez (7 October 1908 – 28 April 2005) was a Cuban-American folk artist from the Key West cigar-making neighborhood known as \\\"Gato's Village\\\". Self-taught, Sanchez began working artistically in 1930 on media like paper bags and cedar wood boards. He would come to specialize in bas relief wood carvings that he would then paint over in vibrant colors, usually depicting scenes of everyday Key West life. Some of his carvings have been valued at more than $50,000. Described as a \\\"memory artist\\\" like Grandma Moses or Clementine Hunter, after earning a business degree in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17844374\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mario Sanchez (artist)\",\n \"text\": \"Mario Sanchez (artist) Mario Sanchez (7 October 1908 – 28 April 2005) was a Cuban-American folk artist from the Key West cigar-making neighborhood known as \\\"Gato's Village\\\". Self-taught, Sanchez began working artistically in 1930 on media like paper bags and cedar wood boards. He would come to specialize in bas relief wood carvings that he would then paint over in vibrant colors, usually depicting scenes of everyday Key West life. Some of his carvings have been valued at more than $50,000. Described as a \\\"memory artist\\\" like Grandma Moses or Clementine Hunter, after earning a business degree in stenography in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17844372\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Harp\",\n \"text\": \"Grandma Harp \\\"Grandma Harp\\\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Merle Haggard and The Strangers. It was released in March 1972 as the second single from the album \\\"Let Me Tell You About a Song\\\". \\\"Grandma Harp\\\" was Merle Haggard and The Strangers 12th No. 1 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles chart in May 1972, staying atop the chart for two weeks, and spending a total 14 weeks in the top 40. The song is a reflection of a young man's grandmother - the family matriarch and title character, Zone Villines (aka \\\"Grandma Harp\\\"),\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14100619\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer (film)\",\n \"text\": \"has been behind everything that happened to Grandma. Confronted with the evidence, Cousin Mel is forced to confess everything she did. She even confesses that she hates the true meaning of Christmas and how everyone share and cares. She is then placed under arrest for obstructing justice and \\\"almost ruining Christmas\\\" and the judge lets Santa go after finally discovering the truth. Austin approaches Grandma again, this time offering to franchise her store throughout the country, having seen how much she and Jake care about their family and business. The show ends with Grandma accidentally picking up the tainted fruit\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9297671\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Drinks?\",\n \"text\": \"2013. It has since peaked at #69 on the week of July 20, 2013, and spent a total of 20 weeks on the chart. How Many Drinks? \\\"How Many Drinks?\\\" is a song by American recording artist Miguel, taken from his critically acclaimed second studio album, \\\"Kaleidoscope Dream\\\". The song was produced by Salaam Remi. A remixed single featuring Kendrick Lamar on an added third verse was released as the album's third single on March 3, 2013. It received a nomination for Best R&B Performance at the 56th Grammy Awards held in January 2014. The music video, directed by Clark\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17173777\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Drinks?\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Drinks? \\\"How Many Drinks?\\\" is a song by American recording artist Miguel, taken from his critically acclaimed second studio album, \\\"Kaleidoscope Dream\\\". The song was produced by Salaam Remi. A remixed single featuring Kendrick Lamar on an added third verse was released as the album's third single on March 3, 2013. It received a nomination for Best R&B Performance at the 56th Grammy Awards held in January 2014. The music video, directed by Clark Jackson, was released on April 22, 2013 on VEVO. The song debuted at 88 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 on week ending May 4,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17173776\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\",\n \"text\": \"she used housepaint to decorate a fireboard. Beginning in 1932, Moses made embroidered pictures of yarn for friends and family. She also created beautiful quilted objects, a form of \\\"hobby art\\\" as defined by Lucy R. Lippard. By the age of 76, Moses had developed arthritis, which made embroidery painful. Her sister Celestia suggested that painting would be easier for her, and this idea spurred Moses's painting career in her late 70s. When her right hand began to hurt, she switched to her left hand. What appeared to be an interest in painting at a late age was actually a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"990121\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\",\n \"text\": \"Moses lived is still standing (2018), rather badly eroded. Shenandoah Valley Rural Heritage Foundation ential subdivision within corporate Staunton, Virginia. Mount Nebo is the farm on which she made and sold potato chips. The Mount Airy Farm House in which the Moses family lived still stands (2018) To supplement the family income, Anna made potato chips and churned butter from the milk of a cow that she purchased with her savings. Later, the couple bought a farm. Five of the ten children born to them survived infancy. Although she loved living in the Shenandoah Valley, in 1905 Anna and Robert\",\n \"psg_id\": \"990119\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Kane (artist)\",\n \"text\": \"John Kane (artist) John Kane (August 19, 1860 – August 10, 1934) was an American painter celebrated for his skill in Naïve art. He was the first self-taught American painter in the 20th century to be recognized by a museum. When, on his third attempt, his work was admitted to the 1927 Carnegie International Exhibition, he attracted considerable attention from the media, which initially suspected that his success was a prank. He inadvertently paved the way for other self-taught artists, from Grandma Moses to Outsider Art. Today Kane is remembered for his landscape paintings of industrial Pittsburgh, many of which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6703907\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Andy Johnson (artist)\",\n \"text\": \"colors and landscapes remind many of American primitives.\\\" His work went on to receive international acclaim, most notably from his home country of Sweden. In his syndicated column, Mel Heimer quoted Ms. Dwyer describing him as \\\"a sort of younger Grandma Moses.\\\" His work was also collected by Jacqueline Kennedy and Lady Bird Johnson for the White House. He died in April 1971. \\\"His work remains, and the beauty he has left behind is immeasurable.\\\" Andy Johnson (artist) Andy Johnson (born Anders Johannson, 1893 in Hyssma, Sweden - 1971) was a Swedish-American painter. He started painting at age 64 in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18865757\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma, What Great Songs You Sang!\",\n \"text\": \"Grandma, What Great Songs You Sang! Grandma, What Great Songs You Sang! is the debut studio album by American pop and country artist Brenda Lee. The album was released on August 3, 1959 on Decca Records and was produced by Owen Bradley. The album was Brenda Lee's only studio album released during the 1950s. \\\"Grandma, What Great Songs You Sang!\\\" was recorded in two separate sessions in January 1959 at the Bradley Film and Recording Studio. The sessions took place on January 4 and January 26. The album consisted of twelve separate tracks of material, many of which were cover\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14668189\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sybil Moses\",\n \"text\": \"had backed out of the deal days later in response to privacy concerns of the victim's families. An attorney from the newspaper hailed Moses's decision and stated that the \\\"transcripts will help to better understand how emergency operations were handled\\\" within the World Trade Center complex. Moses died of breast cancer at age 69 at her Englewood, New Jersey, home on January 23, 2009. She was survived by her husband, Stephen, as well as by a daughter, a son, and five grandchildren. Her husband died soon thereafter. Sybil Moses Sybil Rappaport Moses (June 28, 1939 – January 23, 2009) was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13917238\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Tracy\",\n \"text\": \"moved, the bomb would detonate. She and Alan are rescued by her grandsons, allowing Grandma to see first hand the work that her family did, and she moved into the Tracy home (\\\"Move And You're Dead\\\"). As the family matriarch, Grandma keeps her family together, offering wisdom and advice for her family and the others in the household such as Tin-Tin. It is Grandma who is instrumental in keeping Alan and Tin-Tin together when one of Tin-Tin's old flames pays a visit (\\\"End Of The Road\\\"). Together with Kyrano and sometimes Tin-Tin, Grandma takes care of the domestic chores in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14441021\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Moses\",\n \"text\": \"United States Constitution: \\\"As much as I love, esteem, and admire the Greeks, I believe the Hebrews have done more to enlighten and civilize the world. Moses did more than all their legislators and philosophers. Swedish historian Hugo Valentin credited Moses as the \\\"first to proclaim the rights of man.\\\" Historian Gladys L. Knight describes how leaders who emerged during and after the period in which slavery in the United States was legal often personified the Moses symbol. \\\"The symbol of Moses was empowering in that it served to amplify a need for freedom.\\\" Therefore, when Abraham Lincoln was assassinated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"262171\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\",\n \"text\": \"Lawrence and features the singer as a sex doll in three sexual fantasies. Sisqó did not appear in the video due to conflicts with his record label, Def Jam. Although music critics praised the visual, its treatment of sexuality elicited varied opinions from academics. It was also compared to music videos by other artists, including Minaj's 2011 single \\\"Stupid Hoe\\\" and American rapper Missy Elliott's 1997 single \\\"The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)\\\". In addition to the clip, Lil' Kim promoted \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" with live performances. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" and wrote it with Lil'\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265547\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"many \\\"Grandma\\\" strips; she sometimes reverted to a second childhood and played with the toys herself. Kuhn's other main interest was fishing. At the 1958 Chicago convention of the Grandmothers Club of America, Charles and Lois Kuhn were named Foster Grandparents of the Year. In addition to a plaque from the National Grandmother and Grandfather awards committee, actress Jane Darwell presented the Kuhns with their awards: miniature gold rocking chairs with red plush seats. Grandma (comic strip) Grandma was a comic strip by Charles Kuhn that ran from 1947 to 1969. He usually signed the strip \\\"Chas. Kuhn\\\". \\\"Grandma\\\" began\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8254414\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\",\n \"text\": \"She was a prolific painter who generated over 1,500 canvasses in three decades. Moses initially charged $3 to $5 for a painting, depending upon its size, and as her fame increased her works were sold for $8,000 to $10,000. Her winter paintings are reminiscent of some of the known winter paintings of Pieter Bruegel the Elder, although she had never seen his work. A German fan of her work said, \\\"There emanates from her paintings a light-hearted optimism; the world she shows us is beautiful and it is good. You feel at home in all these pictures, and you know\",\n \"psg_id\": \"990124\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\",\n \"text\": \"manifestation of a childhood dream. With no time in her difficult farm-life to pursue painting, she was obliged to set aside her passion to paint. At age 92 she wrote, \\\"I was quite small, my father would get me and my brothers white paper by the sheet. he liked to see us draw pictures, it was a penny a sheet and lasted longer than candy.\\\" It was her father's encouragement that fed her passion to paint and this dream was able to manifest later in her life. Moses painted scenes of rural life from earlier days, which she called \\\"old-timey\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"990122\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\",\n \"text\": \"Currier and Ives prints and purchased chalk and wax crayons so that she could create her own artwork. When she was 27, she worked on the same farm with Thomas Salmon Moses, a \\\"hired man.\\\" They were married and established themselves near Staunton, Virginia where they spent nearly two decades, living and working in turn on five separate local farms;The Bell Farm, Belvidere (also named the Eakle Farm), The Dudley Farm is today (2018) a modern farming enterprise(house still standing and occupied). Mount Airy Farm is now included within Augusta County's Millway Place Industrial Park, the farmhouse in which the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"990118\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\",\n \"text\": \"United States. She was inspired to paint by taking art lessons at school. Moses first painted as a child, using lemon and grape juice to make colors for her \\\"landscapes\\\". Other natural materials that she used to create works of art included ground ochre, grass, flour paste, slack lime and sawdust. At 12 years of age, she left home and began to work for a wealthy neighboring family, performing chores on their farm. She continued to keep house, cook and sew for wealthy families for 15 years. One of the families that she worked for—the Whitesides—noticed her interest in their\",\n \"psg_id\": \"990117\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\",\n \"text\": \"interest in art throughout her life, including embroidery of pictures with yarn, until arthritis made this pursuit too painful. Anna Mary Robertson was born in Greenwich, New York on September 7, 1860; she was the third of ten children born to Margaret Shanahan Robertson and Russell King Robertson. She was raised with four sisters and five brothers. Her father ran a flax mill and was a farmer. As a child, Moses attended a one-room school for a short period of time. That school is now the Bennington Museum in Vermont, which has the largest collection of her works in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"990116\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\",\n \"text\": \"wit, she could be sharp-tongued with a sycophant and stern with an errant grandchild.\\\" She was a live-in housekeeper for a total of 15 years, starting at 12 years of age. One of her employers noticed her appreciation for their prints made by Currier and Ives, and they supplied her with art materials to create drawings. Moses and her husband began their married life in Virginia, where they worked on farms. In 1905, they returned to the Northeastern United States and settled in Eagle Bridge, New York. The couple had ten children, five of whom survived infancy. She expressed an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"990115\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Billboards? Art Instead\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Billboards? Art Instead How Many Billboards? Art Instead, was a large scale urban art exhibition in Los Angeles, California. The exhibition, which opened in February 2010, concurrently displayed 21 unique billboards created by various leading contemporary Californian artists. Organized by MAK Center director Kimberli Meyer and co-curated by Nizan Shaked and Dr. Gloria Sutton, the exhibition asked artists \\\"to create a new work that critically responded to the medium of the billboard and interpreted its role in the urban landscape\\\". Notable contemporary artist Martha Rosler and her son Josh Neufeld were among some of the commissioned artists. https://www.fastcompany.com/1559860/los-angeles-swaps-21-billboards-art\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20078353\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Billboards? Art Instead\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Billboards? Art Instead How Many Billboards? Art Instead, was a large scale urban art exhibition in Los Angeles, California. The exhibition, which opened in February 2010, concurrently displayed 21 unique billboards created by various leading contemporary Californian artists. Organized by MAK Center director Kimberli Meyer and co-curated by Nizan Shaked and Dr. Gloria Sutton, the exhibition asked artists \\\"to create a new work that critically responded to the medium of the billboard and interpreted its role in the urban landscape\\\". Notable contemporary artist Martha Rosler and her son Josh Neufeld were among some of the commissioned artists. https://www.fastcompany.com/1559860/los-angeles-swaps-21-billboards-art\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20078352\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"W. R. Moses\",\n \"text\": \"was born in Washington, D.C., where Moses, in the Navy from 1942 - 1946, was stationed in WWII as a US Navy officer assigned to communications; after the war he was a civilian employee of the Navy Department. In 1950 the family moved to Manhattan, Kansas, where he taught at Kansas State University, remaining there for 51 years until, in 2001, they rejoined their son, daughter-in-law, and grandchildren in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Moses died suddenly a few months thereafter. According to Poetry, Moses \\\"contributed verse and criticism to practically all the literary journals...(over the course of) many years.\\\" Regarded as a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19933587\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Moses (Michelangelo)\",\n \"text\": \"Freud associates the moment in the biblical narrative when Moses descends from the mountain the first time, carrying the tablets, and finds the Hebrew people worshipping the Golden Calf, as described in Exodus 32. Freud describes Moses in a complex psychological state: We may now, I believe, permit ourselves to reap the fruits of our endeavors. We have seen how many of those who have felt the influence of this statue has been compelled to interpret it as representing Moses agitated by the spectacle of his people fallen from grace and dancing round an idol. But this interpretation had to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3069151\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\",\n \"text\": \"VH1 wrote that the single and other tracks from \\\"The Notorious K.I.M.\\\" have a \\\"glossier and far more commercial\\\" sound than the rapper's previous releases. The lyrics of \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" are part of a movement in 1990s hip hop music to express sexuality positively. Sexuality studies professor Thomas A. Foster wrote that Lil' Kim reverses a trend in hip hop music which objectifies women for the male gaze and celebrates male sexuality. Gender studies scholar Aine McGlynn described \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" as one of the most sexually-explicit songs to receive airplay. The lyrics describe a woman's interest in oral\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265550\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Cybernetic Grandma\",\n \"text\": \"The Cybernetic Grandma The Cybernetic Grandma (Czech: Kybernetická babička) is a 1962 Czechoslovakian stop motion puppet cartoon. It is a surreal science fiction-horror animation film, showing a dystopian situation where machines tend humans into a cybernetic lifestyle. The story is seen through the eyes of a little child who is led by his grandmother to enter an underground world. There it witnesses many strange events and ends up being cared for by a cybernatic grandma looking like a hybrid between a robotic wheelchair and a giant moth. The film shows a contradiction between the kind and sweet way the machine\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19356661\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma, What Great Songs You Sang!\",\n \"text\": \"of five stars, without an official review provided. Grandma, What Great Songs You Sang! Grandma, What Great Songs You Sang! is the debut studio album by American pop and country artist Brenda Lee. The album was released on August 3, 1959 on Decca Records and was produced by Owen Bradley. The album was Brenda Lee's only studio album released during the 1950s. \\\"Grandma, What Great Songs You Sang!\\\" was recorded in two separate sessions in January 1959 at the Bradley Film and Recording Studio. The sessions took place on January 4 and January 26. The album consisted of twelve separate\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14668191\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\",\n \"text\": \"cover version of \\\"How Many Licks?\\\", which Josh Middleton of the \\\"Philadelphia\\\" praised as \\\"outstanding\\\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"The Notorious K.I.M.\\\". How Many Licks? \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, \\\"The Notorious K.I.M.\\\" (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \\\"How Many Licks?\\\", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the \\\"Knight Rider\\\" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265566\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"a celebration of autonomous female sexuality\\\" to a \\\"vulgar, demeaning moment of black female objectification\\\". Some critics compared \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" to Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj's 2014 single, \\\"Anaconda\\\". Alex Kristelis of \\\"Bustle\\\" noted that both songs focused on men's appreciation of the singer's body. A \\\"Khaleej Times\\\" writer called \\\"Anaconda\\\" a \\\"blatant copy\\\" of \\\"How Many Licks?\\\", with Minaj's song sharing \\\"the lyrical blue print and theme\\\" of Lil' Kim's. \\\"Westword\\\"'s Cory Lamz wrote that Minaj parodied \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" and its associated visuals in the music video for her 2011 single \\\"Stupid Hoe\\\". According to Michael Arceneaux, \\\"How\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265556\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Moses in rabbinic literature\",\n \"text\": \"on account of his piety (Josephus, l.c.). The event is described somewhat differently, but equally simply, in Sifre, Deut. 305 (ed. Friedmann, p. 129b). For the statement that Moses did not die at all, compare Sotah 13b. \\\"When the angel of death, being sent by God to Moses, appeared before him and said, 'Give me your soul,' Moses scolded him, saying, 'You have not even the right to appear where I am sitting; how dare you say to me that I shall give you my soul?' The angel of death took this answer back to God. And when God said\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10239770\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Licks? \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, \\\"The Notorious K.I.M.\\\" (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \\\"How Many Licks?\\\", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the \\\"Knight Rider\\\" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex and her sexual relationships with a variety of men. The chorus is a reference to the advertising slogan for Tootsie Pops. A remix by The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265545\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Fucks\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"How Many Fucks\\\" received positive reviews from music critics, with some complimenting its \\\"sexy\\\" appeal. A music video was released the same day of the single release, and featured Jayne in several \\\"risqué\\\" outfits. \\\"How Many Fucks\\\" was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while its production was handled by Adam \\\"Gage\\\" Bruce. As described by Jennifer Pearson of \\\"Daily Mail\\\" stated that the single would likely \\\"lift her from relative obscurity\\\" and joked that the lyrics \\\"drop[ped] the F-bomb several times to answer that question,\\\" referring to the song's title. Musically, \\\"How Many Fucks\\\" is a pop rap\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19466866\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Fucks\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Fucks \\\"How Many Fucks\\\" (censored as \\\"How Many F**ks\\\") is a song recorded by American singer Erika Jayne for her upcoming second studio album. Released as the album's lead single, the song was first distributed digitally on April 19, 2016, accompanied by the simultaneous release of a music video. In the video, Jayne performed \\\"seductive\\\" dance moves and wore \\\"risqué\\\" costumes. The song was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while Adam \\\"Gage\\\" Bruce solely produced the track. Musically, the single is a pop-rap and EDM track that discusses living carefree and without doubt. After its release,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19466865\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Birds\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Birds \\\"How Many Birds\\\" is a song written by Barry Gibb, recorded by the Bee Gees in 1966 for the \\\"Spicks and Specks\\\" album. Recording took place at St. Clair Studios, Hurstville outside Sydney. The song was recorded on one-track tape machines and required the use of sound-on-sound for all overdubs. \\\"How Many Birds\\\" was recorded around April and May 1966 as part of the sessions for what became the Spicks and Specks album. The song starts with a guitar riff and the chord became E as Barry sings the introduction. After Barry sings the lines, the song\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17736986\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Words\",\n \"text\": \"13, 2008. Lewis performed the song live on the March 6, 2008 results show of the seventh season of \\\"American Idol\\\". The single has sold 94,000 copies to date. How Many Words \\\"How Many Words\\\" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album \\\"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\\\". The song was expected to be followed by \\\"Know My Name\\\", and then \\\"Without You\\\". However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, \\\"How Many Words\\\" is the final single from his debut album. He is expected to release a single from his second album at the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11647283\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Words\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Words \\\"How Many Words\\\" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album \\\"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\\\". The song was expected to be followed by \\\"Know My Name\\\", and then \\\"Without You\\\". However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, \\\"How Many Words\\\" is the final single from his debut album. He is expected to release a single from his second album at the end of 2009. The single was released to mainstream radio format on March 10, 2008. Also, an EP featuring remixes of the song was released onto iTunes on May\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11647282\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ed Moses (artist)\",\n \"text\": \"Kauffman and Walter Hopps. To complete his master's degree, Moses held his graduate show at the Ferus Gallery, rather than on his college campus. In 1957, Moses moved to New York City, where he met Willem de Kooning, Franz Kline, Mark Rothko and Milton Resnick, before returning to California. In 1959, Moses married Avilda Peters; and moved to the state of Virginia, followed by San Francisco and again to Los Angeles. In 1962, Moses' second son Andy Moses was born. Moses died at his home in Venice, California, at the age of 91. Moses joined the art faculty in 1968\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12628124\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Fucks\",\n \"text\": \"Housewives of Beverly Hills\\\"'s co-star, Lisa Vanderpump. How Many Fucks \\\"How Many Fucks\\\" (censored as \\\"How Many F**ks\\\") is a song recorded by American singer Erika Jayne for her upcoming second studio album. Released as the album's lead single, the song was first distributed digitally on April 19, 2016, accompanied by the simultaneous release of a music video. In the video, Jayne performed \\\"seductive\\\" dance moves and wore \\\"risqué\\\" costumes. The song was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while Adam \\\"Gage\\\" Bruce solely produced the track. Musically, the single is a pop-rap and EDM track that discusses living\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19466870\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Moses\",\n \"text\": \"around the city center, with spurs running through neighborhoods. Of this plan, only I-405, its links with I-5, and the Fremont Bridge were built. Moses knew how to drive an automobile, but he did not have a valid driver's license. Instead, he relied on limousines. Moses' view of the automobile harkened to the 1920s, when the car was seen as a vehicle more for pleasure than the business of life. Moses's highways in the first half of the 20th century were parkways—curving, landscaped \\\"ribbon parks\\\" that were intended to be pleasures to travel as well as \\\"lungs for the city\\\"—though\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1976102\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Tracy\",\n \"text\": \"Grandma Tracy Grandma Tracy is a fictional character in the television series \\\"Thunderbirds\\\". She was voiced by Christine Finn. Little is known about Grandma Tracy's past, and her real name is never mentioned on screen with all the characters, even sometimes her son Jeff, calling her \\\"Grandma\\\". As a young girl, her grandmother took her round London and she travelled on the London Underground, a fact that would prove useful later for International Rescue (\\\"Vault Of Death\\\"). She was married to a Kansas wheat farmer but was widowed some time before International Rescue begun and helped Jeff bring up his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14441019\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Helping Grandma\",\n \"text\": \"then calls the kids hoodlums and tells them the store is his and he is the boss and they must leave. Grandma refuses to let him throw them out. The chain store officials arrive and the swindler states that the store now belongs to him. He shows them the paper she signed but it was blank; the real contract of sale was not signed. The swindler then accuses Grandma of tricking him. The officials repeat their phone bid, saying they will give Grandma $1,500. more than the original price agreed upon; Grandma realizes that the swindler had pretended to be\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12479446\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Helping Grandma\",\n \"text\": \"Helping Grandma Helping Grandma is a 1931 \\\"Our Gang\\\" short comedy film directed by Robert F. McGowan. It was the 103rd (15th talking episode) \\\"Our Gang\\\" short that was released. An older woman owns a small grocery store and the gang helps her run it by waiting on customers, delivering groceries, and keeping her company. They call her Grandma, though she is not any one kid's grandmother but everyone's grandma. She loves the gang and the gang loves her. A chain store company wants to buy her store for more than market value while a swindler also wants to buy\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12479441\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ask Grandma\",\n \"text\": \"him when he sneaks away to visit her. Neighborhood bully Johnny — who also has eyes for Mary — looks for someone to slug and picks on Joe. Mickey sees this and the two face off. Mickey gets the worst of it until Grandma rallies him on, resulting in Johnny getting pretty well socked. His father comes to his rescue to help in beating up Mickey just as Grandma gets into the fight. Mickey's mother, having witnessed her son in action, comes to realize that Mickey should be a \\\"regular boy\\\" moving forward. Ask Grandma Ask Grandma is a 1925\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12462861\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ask Grandma\",\n \"text\": \"Ask Grandma Ask Grandma is a 1925 American short silent comedy film directed by Robert F. McGowan. It was the 39th \\\"Our Gang\\\" short subject released. Mickey's overprotective mother is trying to raise her son as a gentleman by dressing him like a sissy and enrolling him in dance school. Mickey takes things particularly hard when he sees the gang playing with a toy airplane. The only family member who sympathizes with Mickey's plight is his Grandma, who knows that he is harboring a serious crush on precocious Mary. Grandma encourages Mickey to pursue Mary and agrees to cover for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12462860\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mario Perez (artist)\",\n \"text\": \"him drawing with broken pencil nubs on scraps of paper. He left Cuba at the age of 15, after the death of his mother, and did not return for more than 40 years. A visit to Cuba in 2000, after receiving an entry visa from Fidel Castro's government, led to a particularly productive period in his work. Perez's style is classified as primitive art, also called naive art, a category used to describe notable work produced by artists without formal schooling, such as Grandma Moses, and which captures instinctive artistic expressions without the typical conventions and uniformity of classically educated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8758628\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Moses Tladi\",\n \"text\": \"are also included. Moses Tladi Moses Tladi (1903–1959) was a self-taught artist who was the first black painter to have had a formal exhibition in South Africa and the first black artist to exhibit at the South African National Gallery. Moses Tladi was born and brought up in 1903 Lobethal, GaPhahla, in the northern part of South Africa. He was the son of a traditional healer who made a living by working creatively in iron, and a mother who was a gifted potter. Tladi spent his early years herding cattle. His parents converted to Christianity under the influence of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19604108\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Moses Tladi\",\n \"text\": \"a result of the National Party's Apartheid policies, specifically the Group Areas Act. He died in 1959, at the age of 56. The first major South African exhibition of the work of artist, Moses Tladi, opened at the Iziko South African National Gallery in Cape Town on Heritage Day, 24 September 2015. The exhibition entitled Moses Tladi Unearthed, provided the visitor with an exceptional opportunity to view his work. Cited as the first black artist to have exhibited formally in South Africa, Moses Tladi (1903-1959) developed a reputation as a realist landscape painter. During his lifetime, he was the first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19604106\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Moses Tladi\",\n \"text\": \"Moses Tladi Moses Tladi (1903–1959) was a self-taught artist who was the first black painter to have had a formal exhibition in South Africa and the first black artist to exhibit at the South African National Gallery. Moses Tladi was born and brought up in 1903 Lobethal, GaPhahla, in the northern part of South Africa. He was the son of a traditional healer who made a living by working creatively in iron, and a mother who was a gifted potter. Tladi spent his early years herding cattle. His parents converted to Christianity under the influence of the Berlin Missionary Society,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19604103\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jimmy Moses\",\n \"text\": \"2009. He recently was seen as a truck driver in Chennai Express. He did a cameo in the television comedy-drama series Mrs. Pammi Pyarelal on Colors TV channel. He acted in a supporting role as an assistant coach in the movie Soorma. Jimmy Moses Jimmy Moses is an Indian actor, playback singer, stand-up comedian & mimicry artist from Mumbai. He is younger brother of India's ace comedian Johnny Lever. Jimmy has been doing comedy for more than two decades now, and has done about 4,000 shows in more than 30 countries. Jimmy Moses was born to Prakash Rao Janumala and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18361043\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beulah H. Brown\",\n \"text\": \"naive style paintings that became very well known and led to comparisons her works to that of Grandma Moses, a celebrated American folk artist. Beulah resented the comparison to Moses because of her sophisticated schooling, and the fact that Grandma Moses was self-taught. Subject matter focus within Beulah Brown's work extended to figure, genre, landscape and snow scenes. In particular, Winter snow scenes and Genre scenes were regarded as Ms. Brown's specialty within her unique signature style. This signature style later earned Ms. Brown the distinction of being included among the Indiana's well regarded \\\"Group of Twelve\\\" contemporary Indiana women\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11568122\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer (film)\",\n \"text\": \"cake instead of her own recipe, with the result that Santa hits her again as he is trying to fly back to the North Pole. Grandpa and Jake pick her up; this time Grandma did not suffer amnesia. Santa's sleigh takes off into the night with him saying the Spanish phrase for \\\"Merry Christmas\\\": \\\"Feliz Navidad\\\". Warner Home Video released \\\"Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer\\\" to VHS on October 31, 2000 and to DVD on October 16, 2001. Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer (film) Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer is a Canadian–American animated Christmas\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9297672\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Storms of My Grandchildren\",\n \"text\": \"Storms of My Grandchildren Storms of My Grandchildren: The Truth About the Coming Climate Catastrophe and Our Last Chance to Save Humanity is climate scientist James Hansen's first book, published by Bloomsbury Press in 2009. The book is about threats to people and habitability for life on earth from global warming. In the book, Hansen describes how the burning of fossil fuels is changing our climate and argues that this is putting Earth into imminent peril. He suggests that millions of species, and humanity itself, are threatened. The title of the book, \\\"Storms of My Grandchildren\\\", refers to the ferocious\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14790959\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How It Should Have Ended\",\n \"text\": \"How It Should Have Ended How It Should Have Ended (HISHE) is an animated webseries that parodies popular films by creating alternate endings and pointing out various flaws. Endings for many major movies have been presented, using the tagline ‘sometimes movies don't finish the way we'd like’. \\\"How It Should Have Ended\\\" began after Daniel Baxter and Tommy Watson started discussing alternate endings for a movie they had watched. In 2005 their first animation \\\"How Matrix Revolutions Should Have Ended\\\" was completed and soon after in July 2005 the website was established. Christina \\\"Tina\\\" Alexander, who has previously worked with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17436752\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Emily Carr\",\n \"text\": \"have been made of her dramatized short stories as many readers expect them to be historically accurate. Carr's life itself made her a \\\"Canadian icon\\\", according to the \\\"Canadian Encyclopedia\\\". As well as being \\\"an artist of stunning originality and strength\\\", she was an exceptionally late bloomer, starting the work for which she is best known at the age of 57 (see Grandma Moses). Carr was also an artist who succeeded against the odds, living in an artistically unadventurous society, and working mostly in seclusion away from major art centers, thus making her \\\"a darling of the women's movement\\\" (see\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1997643\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Got STEM\",\n \"text\": \"the women featured on the blog are generally old enough to be grandmothers, although not all of them had children. Although many famous researchers are included, the blog posts also feature women who worked at lower-level teaching and laboratory assistant positions in STEM. Grandma Got STEM Grandma Got STEM is a blog by Rachel Levy, a mathematician at Harvey Mudd College, about earlier generations of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Levy founded the blog in March 2013, and by June 2013 had already accumulated 100 posts to it. The blog is aimed at a general audience. Its\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20798017\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alfred the Gorilla\",\n \"text\": \"she approached he urinated on her head, the story is still remembered by her grandchildren today who often ask to see the gorilla who ‘did a wee on great grandma’ when they visit the museum. Another writer described how Alfred was her favourite animal at the zoo and she has many memories but her favourite is of her aunt eating plums in front of Alfred. He kept asking her for some and when she simply laughed at him he went to the back of his cage and threw his dung at her. She continued to laugh and not feed him\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17954639\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mount Airy (Verona, Virginia)\",\n \"text\": \"Mount Airy (Verona, Virginia) Mount Airy, also known as the Grandma Moses House and Major James Crawford House, is a historic home located at Verona, Augusta County, Virginia. It was built about 1840, and is a two-story, five-bay, single-pile brick I-house. It has a rear 1 1/2-story, brick ell addition with porch built about 1850. Also on the property are a contributing washhouse (c. 1900), shed (c. 1900), and wagon house (c. 1921). The American artist Grandma Moses (1860–1961) and her husband Thomas Solomon Moses owned the house from January 1901 to September 1902. It was the first house they\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17334742\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Hedley Hopkins Did a Dare\",\n \"text\": \"the novel states that a good deal of the story is autobiographical in nature. How Hedley Hopkins Did a Dare How Hedley Hopkins Did a Dare, robbed a grave, made a new friend who might not have really been there at all, and while he was at it committed a terrible sin which everyone was doing even though he didn't know it () is a children's book written by Australian author Paul Jennings, and published by Puffin Books in May 2005. The story covers a short time in the life of young Hedley Hopkins, an English immigrant to Australia in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6547899\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Hedley Hopkins Did a Dare\",\n \"text\": \"How Hedley Hopkins Did a Dare How Hedley Hopkins Did a Dare, robbed a grave, made a new friend who might not have really been there at all, and while he was at it committed a terrible sin which everyone was doing even though he didn't know it () is a children's book written by Australian author Paul Jennings, and published by Puffin Books in May 2005. The story covers a short time in the life of young Hedley Hopkins, an English immigrant to Australia in the 1950s. The book was launched at St. Mary's Cathedral College. An afterword of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6547898\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Did This Get Made?\",\n \"text\": \"has hosted episodes of its own spin-off podcast \\\"How Did This Get Made? Origin Stories\\\" in which Blake Harris interviews people involved with the films covered by the main show. In December 2017, an episode was recorded for the Pee Cast Blast event, and released exclusively on Stitcher Premium. How Did This Get Made? How Did This Get Made? (HDTGM) is a podcast on the Earwolf network. It is hosted by Paul Scheer, June Diane Raphael and Jason Mantzoukas. Each show, which typically has a different guest, features the deconstruction and mockery of outlandish and bad films. The hosts and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18181356\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\",\n \"text\": \"Neptunes has additional vocals from American artists Kelis, Lil' Cease, and Snoop Dogg. \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" was praised by music critics after its release and in retrospective reviews; the Neptunes remix also received positive reviews. However, African-American studies professor Mark Anthony Neal criticized the song's treatment of black female sexuality. Commentators compared its content to Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj's 2014 single, \\\"Anaconda\\\". \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" peaked at number 75 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart and charted in several other countries, but was not as commercially successful as Lil' Kim's previous releases. The song's music video was directed by Francis\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265546\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Birds\",\n \"text\": \"gets faster. The singer states that he's lonely without his girl and doesn't know what to do. The Kids covered the song the same year, lead vocalist Michael Griffith and Tony Borg singing to the Bee Gees backing tracks. The Kids never recorded again but the fact that they chose this song to record proves that the Saint Clair tapes were not discarded when the studio closed, and were presumably in Nat Kipner's hands. But Kipner today has no idea where they went to. How Many Birds \\\"How Many Birds\\\" is a song written by Barry Gibb, recorded by the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17736987\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"Grandma (comic strip) Grandma was a comic strip by Charles Kuhn that ran from 1947 to 1969. He usually signed the strip \\\"Chas. Kuhn\\\". \\\"Grandma\\\" began April 14, 1947. It was originally distributed by Duke Richardson's Indianapolis-based syndicate, Richardson Feature Service. A year later, \\\"Grandma\\\" was picked up by King Features Syndicate, which distributed it from June 28, 1948, until 1969. The Sunday page began November 20, 1949. Kuhn used it to introduce an innovative, interactive device; a single panel in the middle tier was displayed minus colors, so that young readers could use crayons to complete the coloring. It\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8254412\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dead Grandma\",\n \"text\": \"Dead Grandma Dead Grandma is a 10-episode comedy Web series created by Will Kindrick. It is written by Kindrick, Courtney Branning, Matt Heder and is produced by Mummy Space Island Productions. The series follows the life of a hapless young college student Andy (Matt Heder), whose grandma (Beverly Welsh) comes back from the dead to help him find love. The series is hosted by Jon Heder who begins each episode with a campy intro reminiscent of the openings of nostalgic shows such as Masterpiece Theater and The Wonderful World of Disney. Each episode follows a two-act structure split up by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16760672\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Tracy\",\n \"text\": \"was Kyrano's wife and Tin-Tin's mother. Grandma returned in the 2015 remake Thunderbirds Are Go, portrayed by Sandra Dickinson; in the new show, she was one of only three people to know of the Hood (the others being Jeff and Kayo). She has a noticeably different personality: she is noticeably tougher than her original counterpart, has taken over the role of head of the family following her son’s disappearance, and is a terrible cook. In Season 2, she reveals her real name is Sally. Grandma Tracy Grandma Tracy is a fictional character in the television series \\\"Thunderbirds\\\". She was voiced\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14441025\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma Tracy\",\n \"text\": \"before the story of \\\"Move And You're Dead\\\" is aired. Whilst Grandma was intended to debut in \\\"Move And You're Dead\\\" and had not been filmed in any of the original footage for the preceding eight episodes, the continuity error occurred when the early episodes had to be extended from their original 25 minute form and new material filmed to pad the episodes out includes Grandma. Grandma featured briefly in the film, \\\"Thunderbird 6\\\", but has no dialogue. She does not appear in the 2004 live action film at all, instead being replaced by a new character called Onaha, who\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14441024\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Helping Grandma\",\n \"text\": \"her over the phone and she socks the guy so hard he falls across the room. After he threatens Grandma by saying \\\"I'll get you!\\\"' Wheezer hits him on the head with a hammer. This episode was heavily edited on the Little Rascals television prints beginning in 1971. Scenes with Stymie tasting the store items were all cut out due to perceptions of racism toward African Americans. Most, but not all of the deleted scenes were reinstated on the TV prints shown on AMC from 2001–2003 and on MeTV in 2016. Helping Grandma Helping Grandma is a 1931 \\\"Our Gang\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12479447\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many More Times\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"most representative cut\\\". Mendelsohn complimented Page's guitar solo and Bonham's drumming but criticized Plant's vocals, calling them \\\"strained and unconvincing\\\". How Many More Times \\\"How Many More Times\\\" is the ninth and final track on English rock band Led Zeppelin's 1969 debut album \\\"Led Zeppelin\\\". The song is credited in the album liner to Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, and John Bonham, but Robert Plant was later added to the ASCAP credits. At eight and a half minutes, \\\"How Many More Times\\\" is the longest song on the album. It is one of three Led Zeppelin songs on which Page\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7319705\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many More Times\",\n \"text\": \"Wolf's \\\"How Many More Years\\\" (1951), as well as other songs by blues musicians he admired at the time of recording. In 1970, \\\"How Many More Times\\\" was dropped from Led Zeppelin's typical setlist, although they continued to perform it on occasion until the early stages of their 1975 North American tour, when it was re-introduced in full as a result of Jimmy Page's injured finger, which temporarily prevented him from playing the more challenging \\\"Dazed and Confused\\\". In a contemporary review for \\\"Led Zeppelin\\\" on release, John Mendelsohn of \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" called \\\"How Many More Times\\\" as the album's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7319704\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many More Times\",\n \"text\": \"How Many More Times \\\"How Many More Times\\\" is the ninth and final track on English rock band Led Zeppelin's 1969 debut album \\\"Led Zeppelin\\\". The song is credited in the album liner to Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, and John Bonham, but Robert Plant was later added to the ASCAP credits. At eight and a half minutes, \\\"How Many More Times\\\" is the longest song on the album. It is one of three Led Zeppelin songs on which Page used bowed guitar. In an interview he gave to \\\"Guitar World\\\" magazine in 1993, Page stated that the song \\\"was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7319702\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many More Years\",\n \"text\": \"the central guitar lick in rock 'n' roll, and that's the first time we heard that played on a distorted guitar. It was an old big band lick, turned into something completely fresh. How Many More Years \\\"How Many More Years\\\" is a blues song written and originally recorded by Howlin' Wolf (born Chester Burnett) in July 1951. Recorded at the Memphis Recording Service – which later became the Sun Studio – it was released by Chess Records and reached no.4 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" R&B chart. Musician and record producer T-Bone Burnett has described \\\"How Many More Years\\\" as \\\"in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17274670\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Cybernetic Grandma\",\n \"text\": \"talks to the child and its disturbingly cold insensitive behavior. The cybernetic grandma is portrayed by the mechanically accurate and formally perfect voice and language of Czech actress Otýlie Benšíková. At the end of the movie, the little child is rescued by its true biological grandma, who turns off the cybernetic one and takes care of it. Martin Flašar//Jan Novák, Jiří Trnka A Jejich Kybernetická Babička//Doi: 10.5817/Mb2013-1-7//Musicologica Brunensia 48, 2013, 1 The Cybernetic Grandma The Cybernetic Grandma (Czech: Kybernetická babička) is a 1962 Czechoslovakian stop motion puppet cartoon. It is a surreal science fiction-horror animation film, showing a dystopian situation\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19356662\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many More Years\",\n \"text\": \"How Many More Years \\\"How Many More Years\\\" is a blues song written and originally recorded by Howlin' Wolf (born Chester Burnett) in July 1951. Recorded at the Memphis Recording Service – which later became the Sun Studio – it was released by Chess Records and reached no.4 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" R&B chart. Musician and record producer T-Bone Burnett has described \\\"How Many More Years\\\" as \\\"in some ways... the first rock’n’roll song...\\\". It was a double-sided hit with \\\"Moanin' at Midnight\\\", which reached no.10 on the R&B chart. After military service, Chester Burnett performed as a blues singer and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17274665\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grandma (film)\",\n \"text\": \"a total of $7,087,452. \\\"Grandma\\\" was first released on DVD, Blu-ray and video on demand on February 9, 2016. The DVD and Blu-ray include an audio commentary with Weitz, Tomlin, Garner and Elliott, as well as a 21-minute interview with Weitz, Tomlin and Elliott. The Blu-ray version includes an additional 25-minute behind the scenes featurette. \\\"Grandma\\\" received a score of 92% on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 162 reviews, and an average rating of 7.5/10. The site's consensus reads, \\\"Boasting a stellar performance from Lily Tomlin and some powerfully empathetic work from writer-director Paul Weitz, \\\"Grandma\\\" is a dramedy that shouldn't\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18594926\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Moses (3/3)\",\n \"text\": \"Moses (3/3) Moses (3/3) is a public sculpture by United States artist Tony Smith. It is on the grounds of the Toledo Museum of Art in Toledo, Ohio. The title of the work was inspired from readings of his own work that links this sculpture to the work of Michelangelo and Rembrandt. \\\"Moses\\\" is a black, painted steel sculpture that stands 11'6\\\" (h) x 15' (w) x 7'4\\\" (d). Like many of Tony Smith's large sculptures, \\\"Moses\\\" was developed with geometric and mathematical principles in mind. It is a monumental sculpture with tilting faces and extending branches. In fact, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17048678\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\",\n \"text\": \"song as an example of how Sisqó pushed the envelope of sexuality in popular culture. Brittany Vincent of \\\"Billboard\\\" noted it as an example of how the rapper was unafraid of exploring sex in her music. An editor for Apple Music included the song on its \\\"Lil' Kim Essentials\\\" playlist, writing that Lil Kim' \\\"more than held her own as an agile and self-possessed MC who pushed hip-hop toward its unalloyed id\\\". However, African-American studies professor Mark Anthony Neal criticized the single for perpetuating the sexual objectification of women. Comparing \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" with American singer Tweet's 2002 song \\\"Oops\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265554\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Russell Moses\",\n \"text\": \"Russell Moses Russell Moses (born 1948) is a New Zealand artist. He was born in 1948 in Palmerston North, New Zealand, Moses works in a variety of media including painting, printmaking, ceramic art, and sculpting. Moses is a self-taught artist who came to prominence in the 1970s with his large pit-fired ceramic sculpture installations. From 1971, he intermittently shared studio space with fellow New Zealand artist Ralph Hotere, who had built a studio at Observation Point, near Port Chalmers, in New Zealand's South Island. The studio was demolished in 1993 as part of efforts by the town's port facilities to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19385659\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["11","eleven"],"string":"[\n \"11\",\n \"eleven\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":289,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"in the early james bond books, agent 007 packed a walther ppk. what weapon replaced it in his later appearances?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"James Bond 007: Agent Under Fire","text":"James Bond 007: Agent Under Fire James Bond 007: Agent Under Fire is a first-person shooter video game based on the James Bond franchise. Developed and published by Electronic Arts, it was released for PlayStation 2, GameCube and Xbox game consoles. It is the fourth Bond game which is not based on a film or book in the James Bond series, following \"\", \"James Bond 007\" and EA's own \"007 Racing\". The game's story arc continues in the following sequel, \"Nightfire\", released a year later. Unlike previous Bond games which featured the likeness of then current Bond actor Pierce Brosnan,","psg_id":"4011181"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Agent Under Fire","text":"jam-packed with action — but this adventure is short with limited playability over time, except perhaps for its multiplayer modes.\" However, it later gave the other two versions a score of four stars out of five. \"FHM\" gave the PS2 version three stars out of five, stating, \"There is the usual mix of chick[s], cars and guns to keep even the most special of agents happy.\" \"Maxim\" also gave the PS2 version six out of ten and stated that \"At last you’ll infiltrate the secret lair, where you’ll discover…you’ve been playing a very standard-issue game.\" James Bond 007: Agent Under","psg_id":"4011195"},{"title":"James Bond","text":"Colt .45 Army Special. The first Bond film, \"Dr. No\", saw M ordering Bond to leave his Beretta behind and take up the Walther PPK, which the film Bond used in eighteen films. In \"Tomorrow Never Dies\" and the two subsequent films, Bond's main weapon was the Walther P99 semi-automatic pistol. In the early Bond stories Fleming gave Bond a battleship-grey Bentley Litre with an Amherst Villiers supercharger. After Bond's car was written off by Hugo Drax in \"Moonraker\", Fleming gave Bond a Mark II Continental Bentley, which he used in the remaining books of the series. During \"Goldfinger\", Bond","psg_id":"208229"},{"title":"Walther PP","text":"barrel and frame, the manufacturer's selection of the name \"Kriminal\" appears in early original advertising brochures from Walther and the 1937 GECO German catalog. Adolf Hitler shot and killed himself with his PPK (.32 ACP/7.65mm) in the Führerbunker in Berlin. South Korean dictator Park Chung-hee was shot and killed by Kim Jae-gyu, using the Walther PPK. The Walther PPK pistol is famous as fictional secret agent James Bond's gun in many of the films and novels: Ian Fleming's choice of the Walther PPK directly influenced its popularity and its notoriety. Fleming had given Bond a .25 Beretta 418 pistol in","psg_id":"3471017"},{"title":"Filming of James Bond in the 1990s","text":"Hatcher after realising she was pregnant and was late for that reason. \"Tomorrow Never Dies\" marked the first appearance of the Walther P99 as Bond's pistol. It replaced the Walther PPK that the character had carried in every Eon Bond film since of \"Dr. No\" in 1962, with the exception of \"Moonraker\" in which Bond was not seen with a pistol. Walther wanted to debut its new firearm in a Bond film, which had been one of its most visible endorsers. Previously the P5 was introduced in \"Octopussy\". Bond would use the P99 until Daniel Craig reverted to the PPK","psg_id":"17010388"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Nightfire","text":"most important female characters in games. James Bond 007: Nightfire James Bond 007: Nightfire is a first-person shooter video game featuring the character of the British secret agent James Bond and a sequel to \"Agent Under Fire\", published by Electronic Arts in 2002. \"Nightfire\" was developed by Eurocom for the GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Xbox video game consoles, while Gearbox Software developed the game for Microsoft Windows using the GoldSrc engine. Aspyr later re-released the game for the macOS. The computer versions are substantially different from the console versions, featuring different missions and a modified story line. In 2003, Electronic","psg_id":"3141551"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Nightfire","text":"James Bond 007: Nightfire James Bond 007: Nightfire is a first-person shooter video game featuring the character of the British secret agent James Bond and a sequel to \"Agent Under Fire\", published by Electronic Arts in 2002. \"Nightfire\" was developed by Eurocom for the GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Xbox video game consoles, while Gearbox Software developed the game for Microsoft Windows using the GoldSrc engine. Aspyr later re-released the game for the macOS. The computer versions are substantially different from the console versions, featuring different missions and a modified story line. In 2003, Electronic Arts released \"Nightfire\" for the Game","psg_id":"3141535"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Agent Under Fire","text":"EA stated in several gaming magazines that Bond would be going \"back to its roots\", as the game was originally designed to be a true successor to Rare's 1997 \"GoldenEye 007\". Early promo screenshots of the game reflected this, featuring the \"GoldenEye\" healthbar. By July 2006, the PlayStation 2 version of \"Agent Under Fire\" had sold 1.5 million copies and earned $58 million in the United States. \"Next Generation\" ranked it as the 30th highest-selling game launched for the PlayStation 2, Xbox or GameCube between January 2000 and July 2006 in that country. Combined sales of \"James Bond\" console games","psg_id":"4011193"},{"title":"Motifs in the James Bond film series","text":"\"Dr. No\", saw M ordering Bond to leave his Beretta behind and take up the Walther PPK, which the film Bond used in eighteen films. Since \"Tomorrow Never Dies\", Bond's main weapon has been the Walther P99 semi-automatic pistol. Bond has driven a number of cars, including the Aston Martin V8 Vantage during the 1980s, the V12 Vanquish and DBS during the 2000s, as well as the Lotus Esprit; the BMW Z3, BMW 750iL and the BMW Z8. He has, however, also needed to drive a number of other vehicles, ranging from a Citroën 2CV to a AEC Routemaster bus,","psg_id":"15940308"},{"title":"James Bond 007: The Duel","text":"James Bond 007: The Duel James Bond 007: The Duel is a 1993 action video game featuring the character of the British secret agent James Bond. It was developed by The Kremlin and published by Domark for Sega's Mega Drive/Genesis and Master System video game consoles, and the Game Gear handheld game console. The Mega Drive version was also released in Japan by Tengen on 14 May 1993, under the title known as . Armed with a pistol, the player controls James Bond through various side-scrolling enemy bases to rescue female hostages and arm a bomb placed at a strategic","psg_id":"5724199"},{"title":"James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007","text":"based upon) Fleming's continuity, such is not the case with Pearson's book, along with the continuation novel \"Colonel Sun\", by Kingsley Amis, (to which Pearson refers). As those books occur in the same time as Fleming's Bond novels, their being canonical with Fleming's books is debatable, yet Pan Books, one British publisher of Bond novels, includes Pearson's book, \"James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007\", as an official series entry of their first paperback edition series. James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007 James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007 (laterJames Bond: The Authorised Biography) by John Pearson, is a","psg_id":"4226400"},{"title":"James Bond 007: The Duel","text":"for its US release. The Sega Master System version is one of the few games that do not work properly on NTSC systems, although the Master System does not have region lock-out. James Bond 007: The Duel James Bond 007: The Duel is a 1993 action video game featuring the character of the British secret agent James Bond. It was developed by The Kremlin and published by Domark for Sega's Mega Drive/Genesis and Master System video game consoles, and the Game Gear handheld game console. The Mega Drive version was also released in Japan by Tengen on 14 May 1993,","psg_id":"5724202"},{"title":"James Bond","text":"360 and PlayStation 3 under the title \"\". In October 2012 \"007 Legends\" was released, which featured one mission from each of the Bond actors of the Eon Productions' series. For the first five novels, Fleming armed Bond with a Beretta 418 until he received a letter from a thirty-one-year-old Bond enthusiast and gun expert, Geoffrey Boothroyd, criticising Fleming's choice of firearm for Bond, calling it \"a lady's gun – and not a very nice lady at that!\" Boothroyd suggested that Bond should swap his Beretta for a Walther PPK 7.65mm and this exchange of arms made it to \"Dr.","psg_id":"208227"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Hammerhead","text":"James Bond 007: Hammerhead James Bond 007: Hammerhead is a spy thriller comic book miniseries featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond in the central role of the plot, written by Andy Diggle and illustrated by Luca Casalanguida. It is a standalone story arc that spun off from the ongoing \"James Bond\" series published by Dynamite Entertainment and licensed by Ian Fleming Publications, making its debut in October 2016 and finished the course of its storyline in March 2017. A collected edition of all the issues was published in hardback in May 2017. After returning from Venezuela to learn that","psg_id":"19833503"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Hammerhead","text":"entry likewise, entitled \"Kill Chain\" which is set to debut in July 2017. James Bond 007: Hammerhead James Bond 007: Hammerhead is a spy thriller comic book miniseries featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond in the central role of the plot, written by Andy Diggle and illustrated by Luca Casalanguida. It is a standalone story arc that spun off from the ongoing \"James Bond\" series published by Dynamite Entertainment and licensed by Ian Fleming Publications, making its debut in October 2016 and finished the course of its storyline in March 2017. A collected edition of all the issues was","psg_id":"19833515"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Service","text":"James Bond 007: Service James Bond 007: Service is a 2017 spy thriller one-shot comic book published by Dynamite Entertainment, featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent character, James Bond in the leading role, written by Kieron Gillen and illustrated by Antonio Fuso. The comic is licensed by Ian Fleming Publications and as such, spun off from the monthly ongoing \"James Bond\" series, coming out as a one-off special in the franchise. Presumably set after the events of Brexit, a word was received by MI-6 from an unidentified source that the newly appointed U.S. Secretary of State Alexander Thomas was being targeted","psg_id":"20178994"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Serpent's Tooth","text":"James Bond 007: Serpent's Tooth James Bond 007: Serpent's Tooth is a 1992 spy comic book mini-series, published by Dark Horse Comics, featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond in the lead. Consisting of three issues, it is written by Doug Moench and illustrated by Paul Gulacy. It is also the first comic book in a series of Bond adventures in the run of the publisher. Several years ago, unusual incidents have taken place to the matters of national security when a woman mysteriously went missing in Peru, several scientists went abducted, and the occurrence of manslaughter on a British","psg_id":"19041598"},{"title":"James Bond 007: The Quasimodo Gambit","text":"Bond comforts Nebula, telling her that he settled the score with the man who did her wrong, as they embrace each other with passionate sense of romance. James Bond 007: The Quasimodo Gambit James Bond 007: The Quasimodo Gambit is a 1995 spy thriller comic book published by Dark Horse Comics that features Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond in the lead. Serialized in three issues, the story is written by Don McGregor and illustrated by Gary Caldwell, which also is the last Bond comic book to be published by the same company, before Topps Comics took over the publishing","psg_id":"19157043"},{"title":"Paris Theodore","text":"with his lifesaving gadgets, would, in turn, later inspire Ian Fleming’s successor, John Gardner, to replace Bond’s renowned Walther PPK as 007’s weapon of choice. Beginning with 1984’s \"Role of Honor\", the ASP would go on to be featured in 11 James Bond novels. James Bond expert James McMahon would later write: “If Bond were a gun, he'd be the ASP. Dark, deadly, perfectly suited to his mission.” In 1980, Theodore formed Techpak, a company created to market a combat handgun shooting technique he had developed called “Quell.” The Quell system included a realistic depiction of close quarter combat, a","psg_id":"9167160"},{"title":"James Bond 007: From Russia with Love","text":"James Bond 007: From Russia with Love James Bond 007: From Russia with Love is a third-person shooter video game developed by EA Redwood Shores and published by Electronic Arts featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond, whose likeness and voice is that of Sean Connery. The game is based on the 1957 novel and the film of the same name. The game follows the storyline of the book and film, with adding in new scenes to make the game more action-oriented, as well as changing the affiliation of the main villains. Additionally, it features many elements of later Bond","psg_id":"4519171"},{"title":"James Bond 007: The Quasimodo Gambit","text":"James Bond 007: The Quasimodo Gambit James Bond 007: The Quasimodo Gambit is a 1995 spy thriller comic book published by Dark Horse Comics that features Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond in the lead. Serialized in three issues, the story is written by Don McGregor and illustrated by Gary Caldwell, which also is the last Bond comic book to be published by the same company, before Topps Comics took over the publishing rights to adapt \"GoldenEye\" in 1996 with McGregor as the writer. A recent panic from a group of mercenaries cites an arms dealer known as Rifle as","psg_id":"19157031"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Service","text":"towards Britain. On 20 February 2017, Dynamite announced a one-shot installment in the series titled \"Service\", set to be written by Kieron Gillen and illustrated by Antonio Fuso, with a release date set for May 2017. For the particular influence of the story, Gillen stated that the current political climate was to play a role in the plot's narrative. James Bond 007: Service James Bond 007: Service is a 2017 spy thriller one-shot comic book published by Dynamite Entertainment, featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent character, James Bond in the leading role, written by Kieron Gillen and illustrated by Antonio Fuso.","psg_id":"20178999"},{"title":"James Bond in film","text":"Bond and the Queen were played respectively by BASE jumpers and stuntmen Mark Sutton and Gary Connery. After the film was shown, the Queen entered the stadium via conventional means and formally opened the Games. James Bond in film The James Bond film series is a British series of spy films based on the fictional character of MI6 agent James Bond, \"007\", who originally appeared in a series of books by Ian Fleming. It is one of the longest continually-running film series in history, having been in on-going production from 1962 to the present (with a six-year hiatus between 1989","psg_id":"9748544"},{"title":"James Bond 007 (role-playing game)","text":"James Bond 007 (role-playing game) James Bond 007: Role-Playing In Her Majesty's Secret Service is a spy fiction role-playing game based on the James Bond books and films. The game was designed by Gerard Christopher Klug and published by Victory Games (a branch of Avalon Hill). The game and its supplements were published from 1983 until 1987, when the license lapsed. At that time, it was the most popular espionage role-playing game. \"James Bond 007: Role-Playing In Her Majesty's Secret Service\" won an Origins Award in 1983 and a Strategists' Club Award as Outstanding Role-Playing Game in 1984. The game","psg_id":"7360620"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Minute of Midnight","text":"James Bond 007: Minute of Midnight James Bond 007: Minute of Midnight is a 1994 spy thriller comic book featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond in the lead, with the story written by Doug Moench and illustrated by Russ Heath, and published by Dark Horse Comics. It is released as part of a double bill alongside an unrelated franchise title \"Aliens Vs. Predator: Blood Time\" issued in Dark Horse Comics #25. James Bond is sent to Washington DC to spy on a meeting held by a terrorist organization led by a man called Lexis, who plans to hold the","psg_id":"19350260"},{"title":"James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007","text":"by Jonathan Cape, additionally, it is the only Bond novel with a shared copyright credit; Pearson is the only Bond novelist so recognised. The premise of \"James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007\" is that James Bond is based upon a real MI6 agent. Fleming hinted so in \"You Only Live Twice\", in Bond's obituary, that his adventures were the basis of a series of \"sensational novels\"; illustrating this contention, that novel's comic strip adaptation used covers from Fleming's James Bond novels. Writing autobiographically, Pearson begins the story with his own recruitment to MI6. Already, the department had assigned Ian","psg_id":"4226396"},{"title":"James Bond in film","text":"James Bond in film The James Bond film series is a British series of spy films based on the fictional character of MI6 agent James Bond, \"007\", who originally appeared in a series of books by Ian Fleming. It is one of the longest continually-running film series in history, having been in on-going production from 1962 to the present (with a six-year hiatus between 1989 and 1995). In that time Eon Productions has produced 24 films, most of them at Pinewood Studios. With a combined gross of over $7 billion to date, the films produced by Eon constitute the fourth-highest-grossing","psg_id":"9748428"},{"title":"James Bond 007 (role-playing game)","text":"It has also been backed up with a couple of cracking supplements – \"Thrilling Locations\" and the \"Q Manual\" - which makes creating all manner of interesting scenarios an absolute breeze.\" James Bond 007 (role-playing game) James Bond 007: Role-Playing In Her Majesty's Secret Service is a spy fiction role-playing game based on the James Bond books and films. The game was designed by Gerard Christopher Klug and published by Victory Games (a branch of Avalon Hill). The game and its supplements were published from 1983 until 1987, when the license lapsed. At that time, it was the most popular","psg_id":"7360636"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Agent Under Fire","text":"\"Agent Under Fire\" used the voice of Adam Blackwood and the likeness of English actor Andrew Bicknell for Bond. \"Agent Under Fire\" features over fifteen different types of firearm, as well as other weapons. Each firearm is based on a real firearm, but is given a pseudonym, the same manner as the weapons in \"GoldenEye 007\", and \"\". Most of the gadgets are concealed in a mobile phone, including a decryptor, grapple, laser, and remote transmitter. Bond is also provided with a card that disrupts electronic signals, as well as a jetpack. The multiplayer mode in \"Agent Under Fire\" features","psg_id":"4011182"},{"title":"James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007","text":"James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007 James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007 (laterJames Bond: The Authorised Biography) by John Pearson, is a fictional biography of James Bond, first published in 1973; Pearson also wrote the biography \"The Life of Ian Fleming\" (1966). \"The Authorized Biography of 007\" was not commissioned by Glidrose Publications. It originated as a spoof novel for publisher Sidgwick & Jackson. However, Pearson knew Peter Janson-Smith, the Glidrose chairman, who gave permission for the work to be published. Consequently, this is the only James Bond book from Glidrose, between 1953 and 1987, not first published","psg_id":"4226395"},{"title":"Q (James Bond)","text":"directly involved in Bond's missions occur in \"Octopussy\", in which Q actually participates in field work, including the final battle against the villain's henchmen, and \"Licence to Kill\" in which he joins Bond in the field after 007 goes rogue. In the first film, \"Dr. No\", Boothroyd is played by Peter Burton in only one scene in which he replaces Bond's .25 ACP Beretta 418 pistol with the signature .32 Walther PPK handgun. He is referred to by M as \"the armourer,\" and later as Major Boothroyd. Scheduling conflicts prevented Burton from reprising the role in \"From Russia with Love\",","psg_id":"713434"},{"title":"James Bond 007: The Quasimodo Gambit","text":"a target on behalf of the British Intelligence who has been selling smuggled goods to an unidentified source of buyers, for which Agent 007, James Bond is sent to put a stop to the change of hands with the aid of a Jamaican secret service agent, Nebula Valentine. As they crawl on the shores of a warehouse which was serving as the location of the meeting between the seller and the unknown buyer, Bond attempts to study the place before submitting an assault on Rifle, accompanied by other operatives under the command of his ally, Nebula. On the other side","psg_id":"19157032"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Light of My Death","text":"James Bond 007: Light of My Death Light of My Death is a 1993 spy comic book featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond in the central role of the plot, written by Das Petrou and illustrated by John Watkiss. It was published by Dark Horse Comics in issues #8-11 of \"Dark Horse Comics\". It includes the return of a Bond girl from a Fleming novel, Tatiana Romanova from \"From Russia, with Love\" (1957). The story begins at the French Alps where a British Intelligence agent, Dennis Rogers was sent to rendezvous with a Swiss Banker, investigating the eastern trade","psg_id":"19811295"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Blood Stone","text":"James Bond 007: Blood Stone James Bond 007: Blood Stone is a third-person shooter video game, developed by Bizarre Creations and published by Activision for the Microsoft Windows, Nintendo DS, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 platforms. It is the 24th game in the James Bond series and is the first game since \"\" to have an original story. The game was confirmed by Activision on 16 July 2010. The game was released on 2 November 2010 in North America and released on 5 November 2010 in Europe. Activision's remake of \"GoldenEye 007\" for the Wii and DS was released on","psg_id":"15693355"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Nightfire","text":"setting the auto-pilot on the Vanquish so he and Alura can have a romantic evening. The game had been in development as early as September 2000, and was announced as \"James Bond 007\" in May 2001. By February 2002, the game's working title was \"James Bond in... Phoenix Rising\". The game's final title was unveiled in May 2002. In July 2002, Pierce Brosnan's head was scanned with a laser digitizer to create the James Bond character model. Driving levels were developed by Savage Entertainment and a team at Electronic Arts. \"Nightfire\" marked the first time a James Bond video game","psg_id":"3141547"},{"title":"James Bond 007 (1998 video game)","text":"James Bond 007 (1998 video game) James Bond 007 is an action-adventure game featuring James Bond. The game was developed by Saffire Corporation and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy. Released on February 9, 1998, the game features a story that includes characters from multiple James Bond films, such as Oddjob and Jaws. The gameplay of \"James Bond 007\" is presented from a top-down perspective. As James Bond, the player controls an arsenal of weapons and items. Bond must use items at the appropriate place and time to either sneak past impossible odds or to solve a mission. The","psg_id":"6252557"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Blood Stone","text":"stunt coordinator. The game's soundtrack is composed by Richard Jacques. Joss Stone provides an original musical track to the game titled \"I'll Take It All\" written and performed by her and David A. Stewart. \"James Bond 007: Blood Stone\" has received mixed to positive reviews from critics. Aggregating review websites GameRankings and Metacritic gave the Nintendo DS version 75% and 70/100, the PlayStation 3 version 66% and 65/100, the Xbox 360 version 64% and 62/100 and the PC version 63% and 63/100. James Bond 007: Blood Stone James Bond 007: Blood Stone is a third-person shooter video game, developed by","psg_id":"15693368"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Serpent's Tooth","text":"defeats the creature. On the last leg of the moment, Bond delivers the submarine in time for the rescue of Sunny and the others, as they manage to evacuate the pod in time. They were expected out there by a victorious Cruzado and his men, helping up all the girls and the scientists. Leaving Cruzado confused, Bond kidnaps the submarine for himself with Sunny as his companion to enjoy a rather romantic moment they share. James Bond 007: Serpent's Tooth James Bond 007: Serpent's Tooth is a 1992 spy comic book mini-series, published by Dark Horse Comics, featuring Ian Fleming's","psg_id":"19041617"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Light of My Death","text":"his pet and his organization are stand-ins for Ernst Stavro Blofeld and SPECTRE, both of which at the time belonged to The Kevin McClory Estate following the controversy regarding the ownership of the plot and the characters in \"Thunderball\" and as such cannot have been used for legal reasons. James Bond 007: Light of My Death Light of My Death is a 1993 spy comic book featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond in the central role of the plot, written by Das Petrou and illustrated by John Watkiss. It was published by Dark Horse Comics in issues #8-11 of","psg_id":"19811302"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing","text":"as \"EON\" delivers some spectacular levels, including a breakneck highway chase on a flamethrower-equipped motorcycle. Her Majesty would definitely approve.\" \"The Village Voice\" gave it a score of eight out of ten and said, \"The seamless action—now presented in third person—is spit-shined and ever shifting.\" James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing is a third-person shooter video game, in which the player controls James Bond. Bond is modeled after and voiced by the former James Bond actor Pierce Brosnan. Developed by EA Redwood Shores and published by Electronic Arts, it was released for the GameCube,","psg_id":"3286419"},{"title":"James Bond 007 (role-playing game)","text":"DESCARTES. It was also translated into Spanish in May 1990 by Karl Walter Klobuznik and Moisés Prieto, and published in Spain by JOC International S.A. Originally sold in the United States in box format, the Spanish version was published in a single «hardcover» book entitled “James Bond 007, EL JUEGO DE ROL”, just as Jeux Descartes had done two years earlier in the French edition. The French replaced James Talbot's original black-and-white drawings with stills from the Bond films (also in black and white). The Spanish edition also replaced the original illustrations, but this time with original illustrations. These were","psg_id":"7360633"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing","text":"James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing is a third-person shooter video game, in which the player controls James Bond. Bond is modeled after and voiced by the former James Bond actor Pierce Brosnan. Developed by EA Redwood Shores and published by Electronic Arts, it was released for the GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Xbox consoles. The Game Boy Advance version was developed by Griptonite Games and when linked to the GameCube version via the Nintendo GameCube–Game Boy Advance link cable allowed unique premium content. The game achieved Platinum Hits status on the Xbox. Written by","psg_id":"3286406"},{"title":"James Bond in video games","text":"James Bond in video games The \"James Bond\" video game franchise is a series of predominantly shooter games and games of other genres (including role-playing and adventure games). Several games are based upon the James Bond film series and developed and published by a variety of companies, centering on Ian Fleming's fictional British MI6 agent, James Bond. The intellectual property is owned by Danjaq, LLC. In 1983, Parker Brothers released first James Bond video game, \"James Bond 007\", for multiple consoles. Since 1983, there have been numerous video games based on the films, Ian Fleming's novels, and original scripts created","psg_id":"4602903"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Minute of Midnight","text":"the British Intelligence since \"M\" was away due to a diplomatic status, attending a summit conference in France, he personally sends a message to 007 through Tanner, giving him a week off. Bond, still disturbed by the image he created the night earlier, accepts the vacation and departs. Meanwhile, it is revealed that Sykes and Redditch are part of Lexis' organization as they substitute the real briefcase with a false one on its delivery as well as scheme the abduction of \"M\". James Bond 007: Minute of Midnight James Bond 007: Minute of Midnight is a 1994 spy thriller comic","psg_id":"19350265"},{"title":"James Bond (literary character)","text":"ACP Beretta automatic pistol carried in a light-weight chamois leather holster. However Fleming was contacted by a Bond enthusiast and gun expert, Geoffrey Boothroyd, who criticised Fleming's choice of firearm for Bond and suggested a Walther PPK 7.65mm instead. Fleming used the suggestion in \"Dr. No\", also taking advice that it should be used with the Berns-Martin triple draw shoulder holster. By way of thanks, the Secret Service Armourer who gives Bond his gun was given the name Major Boothroyd, and is introduced by M as \"the greatest small-arms expert in the world\". Kingsley Amis, in \"The James Bond Dossier\",","psg_id":"12887982"},{"title":"James Bond (literary character)","text":"of Bond in a different way. James Bond (literary character) Commander James Bond, CMG, RNVR, is a fictional character created by the British journalist and novelist Ian Fleming in 1953. He is the protagonist of the \"James Bond\" series of novels, films, comics and video games. Fleming wrote twelve Bond novels and two short story collections. His final two books—\"The Man with the Golden Gun\" (1965) and \"Octopussy and The Living Daylights\" (1966)—were published posthumously. The Bond character is a Secret Service agent, code number 007, residing in London but active internationally. Bond was a composite character who was based","psg_id":"12887997"},{"title":"James Bond (literary character)","text":"James Bond (literary character) Commander James Bond, CMG, RNVR, is a fictional character created by the British journalist and novelist Ian Fleming in 1953. He is the protagonist of the \"James Bond\" series of novels, films, comics and video games. Fleming wrote twelve Bond novels and two short story collections. His final two books—\"The Man with the Golden Gun\" (1965) and \"Octopussy and The Living Daylights\" (1966)—were published posthumously. The Bond character is a Secret Service agent, code number 007, residing in London but active internationally. Bond was a composite character who was based on a number of commandos whom","psg_id":"12887951"},{"title":"The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen: Black Dossier","text":"\"Jimmy\" is a thinly veiled reference to James Bond; hints to this include owning Campion Bond's cigarette case and lighter, his preference for Vodka Martinis, having a scar from the novels, as well as owning James Bond trademark Walther PPK with 007 engraved on it. The names of other characters are shortened or otherwise changed to mask their origins: Mrs. Peel from the \"Avengers\" uses her maiden name throughout the graphic novel (here spelled \"Night\" instead of \"Knight\"), and Billy Bunter is only referred to by his first name. A DC press release confirmed it would not be released outside","psg_id":"9110943"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Agent Under Fire","text":"his role as \"R\" from \"The World Is Not Enough\". Cleese had previously played R in the PlayStation and Nintendo 64 versions of \"The World Is Not Enough\" and \"007 Racing\", and production footage of the game released showed Cleese's likeness and voice. However, due to copyright reasons, Cleese's likeness was replaced and his lines redubbed by Miles Anderson, who had imitated the voice of Desmond Llewelyn's Q in previous games. Anderson used the same voice he had used for Llewelyn's Q when voicing Cleese's character. Cleese did however reprise his role as R in commercials for \"Agent Under Fire\".","psg_id":"4011192"},{"title":"James Bond in video games","text":"by the developer or publisher of the game. The video games were somewhat profitable in the 1980s and early 1990s, featuring a mixture of styles including side-scrolling action and text adventure. The popularity of the James Bond video game series did not rise quickly, however, until 1997's \"GoldenEye 007\" by Rare for the Nintendo 64. \"GoldenEye 007\" expanded on the plot of the film \"GoldenEye\", and is a first-person shooter with a multiplayer mode. The game received very positive reviews and sold over eight million copies. In 1998, Nintendo released \"James Bond 007\" for the Game Boy developed by Saffire","psg_id":"4602904"},{"title":"Motifs in the James Bond film series","text":"Bond\" actors. Llewelyn's first film was the second in the Eon series, \"From Russia with Love\", after the actor who played the part in \"Dr. No\", Peter Burton, was unavailable for the filming schedule. (Burton's character was not yet called Q, but \"the Armourer\", Major Boothroyd, who instructed Bond on a new firearm, the Walther PPK.) After appearing as Q's assistant in \"The World Is Not Enough\", John Cleese appeared as Q in Pierce Brosnan's last film, \"Die Another Day\". For Daniel Craig's third film, \"Skyfall\", the character was re-introduced, with Ben Whishaw playing the part. The first Bond film,","psg_id":"15940307"},{"title":"James Bond 007 (card game)","text":"was wounded twice. James Bond 007 (card game) James Bond 007 is an out-of-print collectible card game by Target Games and Heartbreaker Hobbies. It was released in November 1995 and was one of many CCGs released during that time that were based on a movie or TV franchise. The first set was called \"Goldeneye\" and had 207 cards and featured material from every film up to that time, even Thunderball. Some sources claimed the set had as many as 217 or 231 cards. An expansion called \"Villains and Women\" was scheduled for a 1996 release but never materialized. Gameplay involved","psg_id":"20597491"},{"title":"James Bond 007 (card game)","text":"James Bond 007 (card game) James Bond 007 is an out-of-print collectible card game by Target Games and Heartbreaker Hobbies. It was released in November 1995 and was one of many CCGs released during that time that were based on a movie or TV franchise. The first set was called \"Goldeneye\" and had 207 cards and featured material from every film up to that time, even Thunderball. Some sources claimed the set had as many as 217 or 231 cards. An expansion called \"Villains and Women\" was scheduled for a 1996 release but never materialized. Gameplay involved each player assuming","psg_id":"20597489"},{"title":"007 Racing","text":"007 Racing 007 Racing is a racing video game based on the James Bond license. It was developed by Eutechnyx, published by Electronic Arts, and released in 2000 for the PlayStation console system. This game marks the seventh appearance of Pierce Brosnan's James Bond; the game included his likeness but not his voice, which is provided by Tim Bentinck. Including many revived characters from previous entries, the game is considered to be a spin-off out of the original chronicles. In \"007 Racing\" the player takes on the role of British secret agent Commander James Bond behind the wheel of some","psg_id":"3998343"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Service","text":"by a shadowy radical nationalist group after he made a political statement against United Kingdom and their lack of usefulness to the United States in the aftermath of their recent turnouts within their own government. The trail leads British Intelligence agent, James Bond to Denbigh North, a district in Milton Keynes, to track down the recent residence of a former marine Jack Marshall. But, before 007 could allow himself to Marshall's hotel room, he dodges an explosion wired in the old methods of booby traps commonly employed during World War II. In contact with M, joined by Major Boothroyd they","psg_id":"20178995"},{"title":"GoldenEye 007 (1997 video game)","text":"GoldenEye 007 (1997 video game) GoldenEye 007 is a first-person shooter video game developed by Rare and based on the 1995 \"James Bond\" film \"GoldenEye\". It was released for the Nintendo 64 video game console in August 1997. The game features a single-player campaign in which players assume the role of British Secret Intelligence Service agent James Bond as he fights to prevent a criminal syndicate from using a satellite weapon against London to cause a global financial meltdown. The game includes a split-screen multiplayer mode in which up to four players can compete in different types of deathmatch games.","psg_id":"1618204"},{"title":"James Bond 007 (role-playing game)","text":"also well supported with supplements by Victory Games. But Avalon Hill had trouble renewing the license from Danjaq in 1987, with each side blaming the other for unwillingness to continue, and the game ceased publication. Publications in the James Bond 007 line included: Most adventures were based on specific James Bond movies, with a few vital plot details changed, so players who had seen the film would still be surprised by the adventure. A few were written as sequels to earlier adventures based on specific movies. International editions The James Bond 007 RPG was also translated into French by JEUX","psg_id":"7360632"},{"title":"James Bond 007 (1983 video game)","text":"of simply shooting everything that moves.\" AllGame's Brett Alan Weiss, who gave the ColecoVision version two stars out of five, wrote that the game \"has so many flaws that it is easily the worst cartridge in the Parker Brothers library of ColecoVision titles.\" Weiss criticized the game's sound effects, its difficult controls and gameplay, its short length, and most of its graphics, but wrote that it gradually and briefly becomes enjoyable once the controls have been mastered. James Bond 007 (1983 video game) James Bond 007 is a 1983 side-scrolling video game developed and published by Parker Brothers for the","psg_id":"10055952"},{"title":"James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007","text":"introduced to a retired James Bond — who is in his fifties, yet healthy, sun-tanned, and married to Honeychile Ryder, the heroine of \"Dr. No\". Most of \"James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007\" is Bond telling his life story, including school and first MI6 missions, referring to most every novel and short story and, briefly, to \"Colonel Sun\", the Robert Markham series-continuation novel. At conclusion, as Bond rushes to another mission (contrary to mandatory retirement), John Pearson is invited to assume Ian Fleming's scribal duties, like Dr. Watson assumed with Sherlock Holmes. Out of print since the 1990s, a","psg_id":"4226398"},{"title":"James Bond 007 (1998 video game)","text":"well as the score used for the game's casino area, but she criticized the sound effects, the lack of spoken character voices, and the lack of a \"decent\" map system for the game's maze-like levels. Wilbur concluded that the game felt too short, but stated that the inclusion of card games was a \"nice touch.\" James Bond 007 (1998 video game) James Bond 007 is an action-adventure game featuring James Bond. The game was developed by Saffire Corporation and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy. Released on February 9, 1998, the game features a story that includes characters from","psg_id":"6252563"},{"title":"James Bond 007 (1983 video game)","text":"James Bond 007 (1983 video game) James Bond 007 is a 1983 side-scrolling video game developed and published by Parker Brothers for the Atari 2600, Atari 5200, Atari 8-bit computers, Commodore 64, ColecoVision and distributed in Japan by Tsukuda Original for the Sega SG-1000. The player controls the titular character of James Bond across four levels. The player is given a multi-purpose vehicle that acts as an automobile, a plane, and a submarine. The vehicle can fire shots and flare bombs, and travels from left to right as the player progresses through each level. The player can shoot or avoid","psg_id":"10055949"},{"title":"Double O Seven, James Bond, A Report","text":"the preface and the writer–executor correspondence, Snelling stresses his preference for the literary 007, because he felt the film series’ interpretation, especially Roger Moore’s entries, abandoned the \"adult\" secret agent character Ian Fleming created; ultimately, O. F. Snelling lost interest in all things Bond. Double O Seven, James Bond, A Report Double O Seven, James Bond, A Report (1964), by O. F. (Oswald Frederick) Snelling, is the first book-length, critical analysis of the James Bond novels, and the only such study Ian Fleming approved. It was published in August 1964, the month when Fleming died, a coincidence that earned the","psg_id":"11179990"},{"title":"Double O Seven, James Bond, A Report","text":"American Library, Fleming’s North American publishers, issued it in 1965. O.F. Snelling’s literary criticism of agent 007 is a five-part report. First, “His Predecessors”, observes the similarities among the upper-class “Clubland Tradition” novelists John Buchan, Sapper (H. C. McNeile), and Dornford Yates (Cecil William Mercer) and their influence upon the writer Ian Fleming. Second, “His Image” analyses the character, James Bond, secret agent 007 of the British Secret Service. Third, “His Women”, the longest section, examines and explores the women and Bond’s relationships with them, and how they — the man and the women — changed in the series’ course.","psg_id":"11179986"},{"title":"James Bond 007: From Russia with Love","text":"Many points were given to the enhanced graphics and play difficulty. \"The Times\" gave it a score of four stars out of five and stated that \"It’s enough to make you toss your trilby on to a hat-rack in delight.\" However, \"Maxim\" gave it a score of six out of ten and stated that though the game was challenging, \"it's also sometimes pedestrian, with a host of uninspired levels and dim bad guys ruining what could have been the triumphant return of 007.\" Within three months of its release, it had sold approximately 277,000 copies. James Bond 007: From Russia","psg_id":"4519180"},{"title":"James Bond 007 (1983 video game)","text":"enemies and obstacles that appear throughout the game, including boats, frogmen, helicopters, missiles, and mini-submarines. The game's four levels are loosely based on missions from various James Bond films: Initially, Charlie Heath worked on a demo version of the game that was based on the final scene in \"Moonraker\", which failed to impress Parker Brothers. Heath left Parker Brothers in late 1982, and no copies of his version exist. In 1983, a new version of the game, titled \"James Bond 007 As Seen in Octopussy\", was in development by Western Technologies, with a scheduled release later that summer. The game","psg_id":"10055950"},{"title":"GoldenEye 007 (1997 video game)","text":"guns, assault rifles, grenades, and throwing knives, among others. Guns have a finite magazine and must be reloaded after a certain number of shots, but the player may acquire and carry as many weapons as can be found in each mission. The player's initial weapon in most missions is the Walther PPK, called the PP7 special issue in-game. Most of the game's firearms are modelled on real-life counterparts (although their names are altered), while others are based on fictitious devices featured in the \"James Bond\" films, such as the Golden Gun and \"Moonraker\" laser. The weapons vary in characteristics such","psg_id":"1618208"},{"title":"The James Bond Dossier","text":"In the 1968 essay 'A New James Bond', anthologised in \"What Became of Jane Austen? And Other Questions\" (1970), Kingsley Amis revisits the literary character, and explains why he accepted the commission of writing \"Colonel Sun\" (1968), discusses the challenge of impersonating the writer Ian Fleming, and explores the stylistic and world-view differences among the spy novels of Ian Fleming, John le Carré, and Len Deighton. Moreover, under the pseudonym 'Lt.-Col. William \"Bill\" Tanner' — M.'s CoS and 007's best friend in SIS — Amis wrote his second Bond book, \"The Book of Bond, or Every Man His Own 007\"","psg_id":"5452227"},{"title":"The James Bond Dossier","text":"about the James Bond novels. By late 1964, he had expanded the essay to book length, and submitted it to his publisher, Jonathan Cape. In one hundred and sixty pages, \"The James Bond Dossier\" methodically catalogues and analyses the activities and minutiae of secret agent 007: the number of men he kills, the women he loves, the villains he thwarts, and the essential background of Ian Fleming's Cold War world of the 1950s. After Fleming's death in August 1964, Glidrose Productions Ltd., owners of the international book rights, asked for Amis's editorial assessment of the uncompleted manuscript of \"The Man","psg_id":"5452220"},{"title":"Walther PP","text":"early novels, but switched to the PPK in \"Dr. No\" on the advice of firearms expert Geoffrey Boothroyd, though the actual guns carried by Bond and Felix Leiter in the film were, in fact, Walther PPs. Actor Jack Lord was presented with a gold plated one with ivory handgrips. Singer Elvis Presley owned a silver-finish PPK, inscribed \"TCB\" (\"taking care of business\"). The PPK/S was developed following the enactment of the Gun Control Act of 1968 (GCA68) in the United States, the pistol's largest market. One of the provisions of GCA68 banned the importation of pistols and revolvers not meeting","psg_id":"3471018"},{"title":"Our Man Flint","text":"to James Bond in a comedic and outlandish style. Flint is initially offered a Walther PPK and an attache case with a concealed throwing knife with Flint dismissing both as \"crude\". During the French strip club sequence, Flint stages a mock brawl with a patron who is identified as Agent 0008, a British secret agent. Flint asks if SPECTRE (the criminal organization in the early Bond movies) is involved, to which Agent 0008 replies, \"It's bigger than SPECTRE!\" The actor playing the role is similar in appearance to Sean Connery. Later in the film, Gila is shown reading a 0008","psg_id":"3465295"},{"title":"James Bond (literary character)","text":"pattern of setting Bond in the contemporary timeframe of the 1990s and, according to Jeremy Black, had more echoes of Fleming's style than John Gardner, he also changed Bond's gun back to the Walther PPK, put him behind the wheel of a Jaguar XK8 and made him swear more. James Harker noted that \"whilst Fleming's Bond had been an \"Express\" reader; Benson's is positively red top. He's the first to have group sex ... and the first to visit a prostitute\", whilst Black notes an increased level of crudity lacking in either Fleming or Gardner. In a 1998 interview Benson","psg_id":"12887989"},{"title":"Tomorrow Never Dies","text":"every Eon Bond film since \"Dr. No\" in 1962, with the exception of \"Moonraker\" in which Bond was not seen with a pistol. Walther wanted to debut its new firearm in a Bond film, which had been one of its most visible endorsers. Previously the P5 was introduced in \"Octopussy\". Bond would use the P99 until Daniel Craig reverted to the PPK as 007 in \"Quantum of Solace\" in 2008. Barbara Broccoli chose David Arnold to score \"Tomorrow Never Dies\" on a recommendation from prolific James Bond films composer John Barry. Arnold had come to Barry's attention through his successful","psg_id":"2113618"},{"title":"007 Legends","text":"to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the \"James Bond\" film franchise. It incorporates the stories of six Bond films, one film chosen from each Bond actor's series of films, and retells them with an overarching narrative that ties them together, that of the progression of James Bond, from a newly christened agent on through becoming experienced as 007. The player goes through the classic Bond missions in the game playing as the Daniel Craig incarnation of Bond, as along the lines of the 2010 remake of \"GoldenEye 007\" for the Nintendo Wii, and the PlayStation 3/Xbox 360 port called","psg_id":"16451650"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Minute of Midnight","text":"world ransom by threatening the globe with sabotaging nuclear power plants, an operation he codenamed \"Miasma\". After eavesdropping the conversation, Bond delivers the recorded tape to a man called Sykes who works for the CIA, having asked for Agent 007 especially from the British Intelligence due to the man they are after, Lexis, being a British citizen. Sykes also asks Bond to deliver the document and the tape personally back to London in a briefcase, which the former claims to be more secure than transporting it through cryptography. The next day at an airport in Maryland, Bond meets with a","psg_id":"19350261"},{"title":"Derringer","text":"broken into two parts with the barrel-chamber assembly hidden in the hollowed out heel of one boot and the frame hidden in the heel of the other. Two characters in the 1965 movie \"Cat Ballou\" wield derringers. In Ian Fleming's novel \"The Man with the Golden Gun\" (1965), Francisco \"Pistols\" Scaramanga seriously wounds James Bond with his \"tiny golden Derringer\", seconds before Bond kills the thug with five shots from his Walther PPK 7.65 millimeter. J.B. Books, portrayed by John Wayne, in \"The Shootist\" (1976), carried a Remington Derringer with his wallet. A single-shot Colt Derringer was the concealed weapon","psg_id":"1979549"},{"title":"Signature weapon","text":"Signature weapon A signature weapon (or trademark weapon or weapon of choice) is one commonly identified with a certain group or, in the case of literature, comics, and film, where it is a popular \"trope,\" for both heroes and villains to be associated with and highly proficient in the use of specific weaponry. Examples include Robin Hood's longbow, Don Quixote's jousting lance, a wizard's wand, the Grim Reaper's scythe, the Monkey King's iron rod, a Jedi's lightsaber, William Tell's crossbow, Negan's bat, David's sling and James Bond's Walther PPK. The Colt .45 SAA and Winchester are ubiquitous in Westerns. Signature","psg_id":"16588519"},{"title":"Inspirations for James Bond","text":"secret agents and commando types I met during the war\". Besides real life individuals, James Bond was also inspired by one of Dennis Wheatley's characters; the secret agent Gregory Sallust, based on Wheatley's late friend Gordon Eric Gordon-Tombe. The 007 number assigned to James Bond may have been influenced by any number of sources. In the films and novels, the \"00\" prefix indicates Bond's discretionary \"licence to kill\", in executing his duties. Bond's number—007—was assigned by Fleming in reference to one of British naval intelligence's key achievements of World War I: the breaking of the German diplomatic code. One of","psg_id":"4400932"},{"title":"James Bond (comic strip)","text":"strip adaptations have been reprinted several times. First by the James Bond 007 International Fan Club, in the early 1980s. Then annually, from 1987 to 1990, by the British Titan Books company in anthologies, beginning with \"The Living Daylights\" to tie-in with the release of the eponymous James Bond film. Beginning in 2004, Titan reissued these anthologies in larger, revised editions, and also began reprinting stories that hadn't been featured in the earlier books. With a more frequent publishing schedule than the first series, all 52 stories had been published in seventeen books by March 2010. These volumes include new","psg_id":"5313730"},{"title":"James Bond filmography","text":"of the Clint Eastwood character, Dirty Harry — was chosen for Moore to use in \"Live and Let Die\" rather than Bond's usual choice of Walther PPK. Spicer says \"Roger Moore re-created Bond as an old-style debonair hero, more polished and sophisticated than Connery's incarnation, using the mocking insouciance he had perfected in his role as Simon Templar ... Moore's humour was a throwaway, and certainly in the later films, verged on self-parody. It was an essential strand in the increasingly tongue-in-cheek direction of the series which became more light-hearted, knowing and playfully intertextual\". Chapman noted that Moore was the","psg_id":"16770568"},{"title":"Walther PPS","text":"Walther PPS The Walther PPS (\"Polizei-Pistole Schmal\" / Police Pistol Slim) is a semi-automatic pistol developed by the German company Carl Walther GmbH Sportwaffen of Ulm for concealed carry for civilians and plainclothes law enforcement personnel. It is available in either 9×19mm Parabellum or .40 S&W chamberings. It was first shown in 2007 at the IWA & OutdoorClassics and is a slim polymer framed weapon of similar size to the Walther PPK pistol. The PPS is however technically much more based on the Walther P99 pistol. PPS pistols manufactured by Walther in Ulm, Germany are imported to the United States","psg_id":"10152587"},{"title":"SMERSH (James Bond)","text":"\"The Intelligence Men\", and STENCH in \"Carry On Spying\". SMERSH (James Bond) SMERSH is a fictional Soviet counterintelligence agency featured in Ian Fleming's early James Bond novels as agent 007's nemesis. SMERSH is the acronym of \"Spetsialnye MEtody Razoblacheniya SHpionov\", meaning \"Special Methods of Spy Detection\" (in Russian Cyrillic СМЕРШ: Специальные Методы Разоблaчения Шпионов). Fleming's version of SMERSH supposedly was modelled upon the real SMERSH organisation, which existed 1943–1946 (the real name is a portmanteau of two Russian words: \"SMERt' SHpionam\" [Смерть Шпионам, Směrť Špionam] meaning \"Death to Spies\"). However, the novels portray SMERSH as a massive Soviet counterintelligence organisation,","psg_id":"3605675"},{"title":"SMERSH (James Bond)","text":"SMERSH (James Bond) SMERSH is a fictional Soviet counterintelligence agency featured in Ian Fleming's early James Bond novels as agent 007's nemesis. SMERSH is the acronym of \"Spetsialnye MEtody Razoblacheniya SHpionov\", meaning \"Special Methods of Spy Detection\" (in Russian Cyrillic СМЕРШ: Специальные Методы Разоблaчения Шпионов). Fleming's version of SMERSH supposedly was modelled upon the real SMERSH organisation, which existed 1943–1946 (the real name is a portmanteau of two Russian words: \"SMERt' SHpionam\" [Смерть Шпионам, Směrť Špionam] meaning \"Death to Spies\"). However, the novels portray SMERSH as a massive Soviet counterintelligence organisation, much more resembling the real-life KGB, which aims its","psg_id":"3605665"},{"title":"Beretta 418","text":"order from his superior officer, M, to start carrying a new duty weapon in the opening chapters of the sixth novel, \"Dr. No\". Major Boothroyd, the MI6 armorer and \"the greatest small-arms expert in the world\" in M's opinion, insists that Bond trade it for a weapon with more stopping power. Bond is issued a Walther PPK, and a Smith & Wesson Centennial Airweight revolver for situations where he needs more power than the PPK can offer. He uses both guns during a mission in Jamaica for this novel, then relies on the PPK in subsequent stories. In the film","psg_id":"9285541"},{"title":"James Bond in video games","text":"its misleading title and poor storyline. The game was released on PlayStation 2, Xbox, GameCube and Nintendo DS. EA listed \"007 Racing\" and \"GoldenEye: Rogue Agent\" as spin-offs, out of their canonical order they have built. 2005 saw the release of \"\", based on the film \"From Russia with Love\". It stars Sean Connery as James Bond, and the other characters had the same likeness of the original cast. The game is a third-person shooter in the same style as \"Everything or Nothing\", with expansions in the story and certain details changed (such as trading SPECTRE for OCTOPUS, due to","psg_id":"4602910"},{"title":"James Bond in video games","text":"received negative reviews from several reviewers. Eurocom has since closed down. On 4 January 2013, Activision and Steam's online stores removed online availability and pages for \"Quantum of Solace\", \"\", and \"007 Legends\" without explanation or warning, only to confirm three days later that the James Bond game license was revoked. A month later, Activision themselves declared that they would be backing away from licensed games in a formal statement. On 7 January 2014, president and co-founder of Telltale Games, Kevin Bruner has expressed an interest in making a future James Bond game if he were afforded the chance. He","psg_id":"4602916"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Minute of Midnight","text":"contact named Robert Nagell, who will be his CIA escort from the US soil all the way to Britain. Once they are on board as the plane takes off heading to Lakenheath Airfield, Nagell surprises Bond with a gas leaking grenade and distracts the whole airplane out of its normal measures, revealing himself as a double agent who is after the briefcase Bond is handcuffed to. They struggle in a fistfight while the plane is going out of balance in the air, Nagell realizes he failed for the time being when 007 proves to have gained the upper hand, he","psg_id":"19350262"},{"title":"Walther PPS","text":"before the new style slide stop and spring can be installed. For this the pistol has to be sent in to the Walther customer service. Walther PPS The Walther PPS (\"Polizei-Pistole Schmal\" / Police Pistol Slim) is a semi-automatic pistol developed by the German company Carl Walther GmbH Sportwaffen of Ulm for concealed carry for civilians and plainclothes law enforcement personnel. It is available in either 9×19mm Parabellum or .40 S&W chamberings. It was first shown in 2007 at the IWA & OutdoorClassics and is a slim polymer framed weapon of similar size to the Walther PPK pistol. The PPS","psg_id":"10152602"},{"title":"James Bond and Moonraker","text":"James Bond and Moonraker James Bond and Moonraker is a novelization by Christopher Wood of the James Bond film \"Moonraker\". Its name was changed to avoid confusion with Fleming's novel. It was released in 1979. British Secret Service agent James Bond, codename 007, must prevent Sir Hugo Drax's plan to murder the entire human race and then restart humanity from outer space. The screenplay of \"Moonraker\" differed so much from Ian Fleming's novel that Eon Productions authorised the film's screenwriter, Christopher Wood to write a novelization based upon the film, as he had done for \"The Spy Who Loved Me\".","psg_id":"4397899"},{"title":"Francisco Scaramanga","text":"player mode (except \"Everything or Nothing\") but golden versions of the game's standard weapon(s) are usually available (such as a golden Walther PPK, P99, and a golden rocket launcher). In \"GoldenEye\", the Golden Gun appears in a special mission. In the mission, the Golden Gun is stolen by Baron Samedi, and Bond needs to defeat Samedi and recover the Golden Gun. Although Samedi isn't killed, Bond escapes with the Golden Gun. The Golden Gun also appears in the video game \"Quantum of Solace\", created by Rare who also created \"GoldenEye 007\"). In \"Quantum of Solace\" the Golden Gun appears to","psg_id":"4214197"},{"title":"James Bond 007: The Quasimodo Gambit","text":"to intercept the delivery of munitions at the river, Bond is teamed up with the local coast guards and pursues ganja smuggling ships, with its sailors throwing them overboard so Quasimodo and his men will come to collect their merchandise later from the water. Witnessing them out of suspicions, 007 jumps after them and explores that the grass box is no more than a cover for hidden explosives within. However, he is captured by Ernest Force on the shores and subdued. Quasimodo sadistically tortures Bond in order to gain intelligence out of him, explaining that whatever his adversaries might do","psg_id":"19157038"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Nightfire","text":"UK Government sends Bond undercover to a party at industrialist Raphael Drake's Austrian castle. M (voiced by Samantha Eggar) believes that the party is a cover for the exchange of a missile guidance chip between Drake and Alexander Mayhew - who manages the Japanese branch of Drake's company, Phoenix International - had stolen the chip from the United States. Phoenix is believed to be a front for weapon smuggling. M gives Bond the instruction for him to rendezvous with CIA agent Zoe Nightshade and Dominique, who is posing as Drake's mistress. While Zoe distracts the guards, Bond makes his way","psg_id":"3141541"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Light of My Death","text":"Bond reunites with Tatiana to prevent the assassination of the delegates at Giza at the hands of the assassin whose weapon of choice, a \"portable laser gun\", fascinates 007. Before the governmental gathering is due, Major Boothroyd pilots a remote controlled passengerless helicopter disguised as the chopper carrying the officials heading over to the conference meeting point and explodes it nearby the head of the Great Sphinx alongside the pyramids, in order to confuse the assassin and lure him out of the shadows. Bond climbs on top of the Sphinx and exposes the assassin with a laser rifle in preparation","psg_id":"19811300"},{"title":"Filming of James Bond in the 1980s","text":"Filming of James Bond in the 1980s Films made in the 1980s featuring the character of James Bond included \"For Your Eyes Only\", \"A View to a Kill\", \"The Living Daylights\", and \"Licence to Kill\". Production of \"For Your Eyes Only\" begun on 2 September 1980 in the North Sea, with three days shooting exterior scenes with the \"St Georges\". The interiors were shot later in Pinewood Studios, as well as the ship's explosion, which was done with a miniature in Pinewood's tank on the 007 Stage. On 15 September principal photography started in Corfu at the Villa Sylva at","psg_id":"17010344"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Agent Under Fire","text":"It is discovered that eight world leaders have been cloned, and are to be replaced by the duplicates. Bond destroys the craft carrying the clones, and the pair make their escape. They head back to the Malprave Industries building in the Swiss Alps, where Bond successfully rescues the eight world leaders. Before he can escape from the base however, Bond encounters Malprave, who has set the base to self-destruct. She also reveals that Bloch is still alive, and that Bond had merely killed his clone. After a firefight with him, Bond follows Bloch into Malprave's main office and shoots him","psg_id":"4011189"},{"title":"Walther PP","text":"Walther PP The Walther PP (\"Polizeipistole\", or police pistol) series pistols are blowback-operated semi-automatic pistols, developed by the German arms manufacturer Carl Walther GmbH Sportwaffen. It features an exposed hammer, a traditional double-action trigger mechanism, a single-column magazine, and a fixed barrel that also acts as the guide rod for the recoil spring. The series includes the Walther PP, PPK, PPK/S, and PPK/E models. The Walther TPH pocket pistol is a smaller calibre pistol introduced in 1971 identical in handling and operation to the PPK. Various PP series are manufactured in Germany, France, and the United States. In the past,","psg_id":"3471013"},{"title":"Walther PP","text":"again at their new US manufacturing plant in Fort Smith, Arkansas. Walther PP The Walther PP (\"Polizeipistole\", or police pistol) series pistols are blowback-operated semi-automatic pistols, developed by the German arms manufacturer Carl Walther GmbH Sportwaffen. It features an exposed hammer, a traditional double-action trigger mechanism, a single-column magazine, and a fixed barrel that also acts as the guide rod for the recoil spring. The series includes the Walther PP, PPK, PPK/S, and PPK/E models. The Walther TPH pocket pistol is a smaller calibre pistol introduced in 1971 identical in handling and operation to the PPK. Various PP series are","psg_id":"3471027"},{"title":"James Bond filmography","text":"of Mafeking, had a daughter by his lover, the spy Mata Hari, played Claude Debussy on the piano, ate royal jelly and cultivated black roses. The concept of Bond is that once Niven's Bond retired, his name and 007 designation was passed to another agent to keep the legend alive; James Chapman notes that the implication was that the \"other Bond\" was that played by Connery. Chapman considered the concept of an elderly Bond to be an interesting one, with Bond referring to Connery's Bond as a \"sexual acrobat who leaves a trail of beautiful dead women behind like blown","psg_id":"16770557"},{"title":"James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing","text":"after, as well as their voice talents. In addition to Pierce Brosnan, Judi Dench and John Cleese reprised their roles from previous Bond films; the game features actors Willem Dafoe, Shannon Elizabeth, Heidi Klum and Vladimir Cuk as well as actor Richard Kiel, who played Jaws in the classic 007 films. \"Everything or Nothing\" is the second James Bond game to have its own original theme. It was performed by R&B artist Mýa, who also has a part as a Bond girl in the game. The game features a title song performed by Mýa, who also plays a character of","psg_id":"3286413"},{"title":"Q (James Bond)","text":"irritation and impatience at Bond's short attention span, often telling him to \"pay attention, 007\", and Bond's playful lack of respect for his equipment, telling the agent, \"I \"never\" joke about my work, 007\". In \"Thunderball\", Bond can be heard muttering \"Oh no\" when Q joins him in the Bahamas. However, on occasion, Q has shown a warm and fatherly concern for 007's welfare, such as at Bond's wedding in \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\", when he assures Bond that he is available if Bond ever requires his help. Q has also assisted Bond in a more active role in","psg_id":"713436"},{"title":"James Bond filmography","text":"James Bond filmography Commander James Bond RN—code number 007—is a fictional character created by the British journalist and novelist Ian Fleming in 1952. The character appeared in a series of twelve novels and two short story collections written by Fleming and a number of continuation novels and spin-off works after Fleming's death in 1964. There have been twenty-six films in total, produced between 1962 and 2015. Fleming portrayed Bond as a tall, athletic, handsome secret agent in his thirties or forties; he has several vices including drinking, smoking, gambling, automobiles and womanising. He is an exceptional marksman, and skilled in","psg_id":"16770539"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Agent Under Fire\",\n \"text\": \"James Bond 007: Agent Under Fire James Bond 007: Agent Under Fire is a first-person shooter video game based on the James Bond franchise. Developed and published by Electronic Arts, it was released for PlayStation 2, GameCube and Xbox game consoles. It is the fourth Bond game which is not based on a film or book in the James Bond series, following \\\"\\\", \\\"James Bond 007\\\" and EA's own \\\"007 Racing\\\". The game's story arc continues in the following sequel, \\\"Nightfire\\\", released a year later. Unlike previous Bond games which featured the likeness of then current Bond actor Pierce Brosnan,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4011181\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Agent Under Fire\",\n \"text\": \"jam-packed with action — but this adventure is short with limited playability over time, except perhaps for its multiplayer modes.\\\" However, it later gave the other two versions a score of four stars out of five. \\\"FHM\\\" gave the PS2 version three stars out of five, stating, \\\"There is the usual mix of chick[s], cars and guns to keep even the most special of agents happy.\\\" \\\"Maxim\\\" also gave the PS2 version six out of ten and stated that \\\"At last you’ll infiltrate the secret lair, where you’ll discover…you’ve been playing a very standard-issue game.\\\" James Bond 007: Agent Under\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4011195\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond\",\n \"text\": \"Colt .45 Army Special. The first Bond film, \\\"Dr. No\\\", saw M ordering Bond to leave his Beretta behind and take up the Walther PPK, which the film Bond used in eighteen films. In \\\"Tomorrow Never Dies\\\" and the two subsequent films, Bond's main weapon was the Walther P99 semi-automatic pistol. In the early Bond stories Fleming gave Bond a battleship-grey Bentley Litre with an Amherst Villiers supercharger. After Bond's car was written off by Hugo Drax in \\\"Moonraker\\\", Fleming gave Bond a Mark II Continental Bentley, which he used in the remaining books of the series. During \\\"Goldfinger\\\", Bond\",\n \"psg_id\": \"208229\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Walther PP\",\n \"text\": \"barrel and frame, the manufacturer's selection of the name \\\"Kriminal\\\" appears in early original advertising brochures from Walther and the 1937 GECO German catalog. Adolf Hitler shot and killed himself with his PPK (.32 ACP/7.65mm) in the Führerbunker in Berlin. South Korean dictator Park Chung-hee was shot and killed by Kim Jae-gyu, using the Walther PPK. The Walther PPK pistol is famous as fictional secret agent James Bond's gun in many of the films and novels: Ian Fleming's choice of the Walther PPK directly influenced its popularity and its notoriety. Fleming had given Bond a .25 Beretta 418 pistol in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3471017\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Filming of James Bond in the 1990s\",\n \"text\": \"Hatcher after realising she was pregnant and was late for that reason. \\\"Tomorrow Never Dies\\\" marked the first appearance of the Walther P99 as Bond's pistol. It replaced the Walther PPK that the character had carried in every Eon Bond film since of \\\"Dr. No\\\" in 1962, with the exception of \\\"Moonraker\\\" in which Bond was not seen with a pistol. Walther wanted to debut its new firearm in a Bond film, which had been one of its most visible endorsers. Previously the P5 was introduced in \\\"Octopussy\\\". Bond would use the P99 until Daniel Craig reverted to the PPK\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17010388\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Nightfire\",\n \"text\": \"most important female characters in games. James Bond 007: Nightfire James Bond 007: Nightfire is a first-person shooter video game featuring the character of the British secret agent James Bond and a sequel to \\\"Agent Under Fire\\\", published by Electronic Arts in 2002. \\\"Nightfire\\\" was developed by Eurocom for the GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Xbox video game consoles, while Gearbox Software developed the game for Microsoft Windows using the GoldSrc engine. Aspyr later re-released the game for the macOS. The computer versions are substantially different from the console versions, featuring different missions and a modified story line. In 2003, Electronic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3141551\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Nightfire\",\n \"text\": \"James Bond 007: Nightfire James Bond 007: Nightfire is a first-person shooter video game featuring the character of the British secret agent James Bond and a sequel to \\\"Agent Under Fire\\\", published by Electronic Arts in 2002. \\\"Nightfire\\\" was developed by Eurocom for the GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Xbox video game consoles, while Gearbox Software developed the game for Microsoft Windows using the GoldSrc engine. Aspyr later re-released the game for the macOS. The computer versions are substantially different from the console versions, featuring different missions and a modified story line. In 2003, Electronic Arts released \\\"Nightfire\\\" for the Game\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3141535\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Agent Under Fire\",\n \"text\": \"EA stated in several gaming magazines that Bond would be going \\\"back to its roots\\\", as the game was originally designed to be a true successor to Rare's 1997 \\\"GoldenEye 007\\\". Early promo screenshots of the game reflected this, featuring the \\\"GoldenEye\\\" healthbar. By July 2006, the PlayStation 2 version of \\\"Agent Under Fire\\\" had sold 1.5 million copies and earned $58 million in the United States. \\\"Next Generation\\\" ranked it as the 30th highest-selling game launched for the PlayStation 2, Xbox or GameCube between January 2000 and July 2006 in that country. Combined sales of \\\"James Bond\\\" console games\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4011193\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Motifs in the James Bond film series\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Dr. No\\\", saw M ordering Bond to leave his Beretta behind and take up the Walther PPK, which the film Bond used in eighteen films. Since \\\"Tomorrow Never Dies\\\", Bond's main weapon has been the Walther P99 semi-automatic pistol. Bond has driven a number of cars, including the Aston Martin V8 Vantage during the 1980s, the V12 Vanquish and DBS during the 2000s, as well as the Lotus Esprit; the BMW Z3, BMW 750iL and the BMW Z8. He has, however, also needed to drive a number of other vehicles, ranging from a Citroën 2CV to a AEC Routemaster bus,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15940308\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: The Duel\",\n \"text\": \"James Bond 007: The Duel James Bond 007: The Duel is a 1993 action video game featuring the character of the British secret agent James Bond. It was developed by The Kremlin and published by Domark for Sega's Mega Drive/Genesis and Master System video game consoles, and the Game Gear handheld game console. The Mega Drive version was also released in Japan by Tengen on 14 May 1993, under the title known as . Armed with a pistol, the player controls James Bond through various side-scrolling enemy bases to rescue female hostages and arm a bomb placed at a strategic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5724199\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007\",\n \"text\": \"based upon) Fleming's continuity, such is not the case with Pearson's book, along with the continuation novel \\\"Colonel Sun\\\", by Kingsley Amis, (to which Pearson refers). As those books occur in the same time as Fleming's Bond novels, their being canonical with Fleming's books is debatable, yet Pan Books, one British publisher of Bond novels, includes Pearson's book, \\\"James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007\\\", as an official series entry of their first paperback edition series. James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007 James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007 (laterJames Bond: The Authorised Biography) by John Pearson, is a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4226400\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: The Duel\",\n \"text\": \"for its US release. The Sega Master System version is one of the few games that do not work properly on NTSC systems, although the Master System does not have region lock-out. James Bond 007: The Duel James Bond 007: The Duel is a 1993 action video game featuring the character of the British secret agent James Bond. It was developed by The Kremlin and published by Domark for Sega's Mega Drive/Genesis and Master System video game consoles, and the Game Gear handheld game console. The Mega Drive version was also released in Japan by Tengen on 14 May 1993,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5724202\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond\",\n \"text\": \"360 and PlayStation 3 under the title \\\"\\\". In October 2012 \\\"007 Legends\\\" was released, which featured one mission from each of the Bond actors of the Eon Productions' series. For the first five novels, Fleming armed Bond with a Beretta 418 until he received a letter from a thirty-one-year-old Bond enthusiast and gun expert, Geoffrey Boothroyd, criticising Fleming's choice of firearm for Bond, calling it \\\"a lady's gun – and not a very nice lady at that!\\\" Boothroyd suggested that Bond should swap his Beretta for a Walther PPK 7.65mm and this exchange of arms made it to \\\"Dr.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"208227\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Hammerhead\",\n \"text\": \"James Bond 007: Hammerhead James Bond 007: Hammerhead is a spy thriller comic book miniseries featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond in the central role of the plot, written by Andy Diggle and illustrated by Luca Casalanguida. It is a standalone story arc that spun off from the ongoing \\\"James Bond\\\" series published by Dynamite Entertainment and licensed by Ian Fleming Publications, making its debut in October 2016 and finished the course of its storyline in March 2017. A collected edition of all the issues was published in hardback in May 2017. After returning from Venezuela to learn that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19833503\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Hammerhead\",\n \"text\": \"entry likewise, entitled \\\"Kill Chain\\\" which is set to debut in July 2017. James Bond 007: Hammerhead James Bond 007: Hammerhead is a spy thriller comic book miniseries featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond in the central role of the plot, written by Andy Diggle and illustrated by Luca Casalanguida. It is a standalone story arc that spun off from the ongoing \\\"James Bond\\\" series published by Dynamite Entertainment and licensed by Ian Fleming Publications, making its debut in October 2016 and finished the course of its storyline in March 2017. A collected edition of all the issues was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19833515\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Service\",\n \"text\": \"James Bond 007: Service James Bond 007: Service is a 2017 spy thriller one-shot comic book published by Dynamite Entertainment, featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent character, James Bond in the leading role, written by Kieron Gillen and illustrated by Antonio Fuso. The comic is licensed by Ian Fleming Publications and as such, spun off from the monthly ongoing \\\"James Bond\\\" series, coming out as a one-off special in the franchise. Presumably set after the events of Brexit, a word was received by MI-6 from an unidentified source that the newly appointed U.S. Secretary of State Alexander Thomas was being targeted\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20178994\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Serpent's Tooth\",\n \"text\": \"James Bond 007: Serpent's Tooth James Bond 007: Serpent's Tooth is a 1992 spy comic book mini-series, published by Dark Horse Comics, featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond in the lead. Consisting of three issues, it is written by Doug Moench and illustrated by Paul Gulacy. It is also the first comic book in a series of Bond adventures in the run of the publisher. Several years ago, unusual incidents have taken place to the matters of national security when a woman mysteriously went missing in Peru, several scientists went abducted, and the occurrence of manslaughter on a British\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19041598\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: The Quasimodo Gambit\",\n \"text\": \"Bond comforts Nebula, telling her that he settled the score with the man who did her wrong, as they embrace each other with passionate sense of romance. James Bond 007: The Quasimodo Gambit James Bond 007: The Quasimodo Gambit is a 1995 spy thriller comic book published by Dark Horse Comics that features Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond in the lead. Serialized in three issues, the story is written by Don McGregor and illustrated by Gary Caldwell, which also is the last Bond comic book to be published by the same company, before Topps Comics took over the publishing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19157043\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Paris Theodore\",\n \"text\": \"with his lifesaving gadgets, would, in turn, later inspire Ian Fleming’s successor, John Gardner, to replace Bond’s renowned Walther PPK as 007’s weapon of choice. Beginning with 1984’s \\\"Role of Honor\\\", the ASP would go on to be featured in 11 James Bond novels. James Bond expert James McMahon would later write: “If Bond were a gun, he'd be the ASP. Dark, deadly, perfectly suited to his mission.” In 1980, Theodore formed Techpak, a company created to market a combat handgun shooting technique he had developed called “Quell.” The Quell system included a realistic depiction of close quarter combat, a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9167160\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: From Russia with Love\",\n \"text\": \"James Bond 007: From Russia with Love James Bond 007: From Russia with Love is a third-person shooter video game developed by EA Redwood Shores and published by Electronic Arts featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond, whose likeness and voice is that of Sean Connery. The game is based on the 1957 novel and the film of the same name. The game follows the storyline of the book and film, with adding in new scenes to make the game more action-oriented, as well as changing the affiliation of the main villains. Additionally, it features many elements of later Bond\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4519171\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: The Quasimodo Gambit\",\n \"text\": \"James Bond 007: The Quasimodo Gambit James Bond 007: The Quasimodo Gambit is a 1995 spy thriller comic book published by Dark Horse Comics that features Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond in the lead. Serialized in three issues, the story is written by Don McGregor and illustrated by Gary Caldwell, which also is the last Bond comic book to be published by the same company, before Topps Comics took over the publishing rights to adapt \\\"GoldenEye\\\" in 1996 with McGregor as the writer. A recent panic from a group of mercenaries cites an arms dealer known as Rifle as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19157031\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Service\",\n \"text\": \"towards Britain. On 20 February 2017, Dynamite announced a one-shot installment in the series titled \\\"Service\\\", set to be written by Kieron Gillen and illustrated by Antonio Fuso, with a release date set for May 2017. For the particular influence of the story, Gillen stated that the current political climate was to play a role in the plot's narrative. James Bond 007: Service James Bond 007: Service is a 2017 spy thriller one-shot comic book published by Dynamite Entertainment, featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent character, James Bond in the leading role, written by Kieron Gillen and illustrated by Antonio Fuso.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20178999\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond in film\",\n \"text\": \"Bond and the Queen were played respectively by BASE jumpers and stuntmen Mark Sutton and Gary Connery. After the film was shown, the Queen entered the stadium via conventional means and formally opened the Games. James Bond in film The James Bond film series is a British series of spy films based on the fictional character of MI6 agent James Bond, \\\"007\\\", who originally appeared in a series of books by Ian Fleming. It is one of the longest continually-running film series in history, having been in on-going production from 1962 to the present (with a six-year hiatus between 1989\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9748544\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007 (role-playing game)\",\n \"text\": \"James Bond 007 (role-playing game) James Bond 007: Role-Playing In Her Majesty's Secret Service is a spy fiction role-playing game based on the James Bond books and films. The game was designed by Gerard Christopher Klug and published by Victory Games (a branch of Avalon Hill). The game and its supplements were published from 1983 until 1987, when the license lapsed. At that time, it was the most popular espionage role-playing game. \\\"James Bond 007: Role-Playing In Her Majesty's Secret Service\\\" won an Origins Award in 1983 and a Strategists' Club Award as Outstanding Role-Playing Game in 1984. The game\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7360620\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Minute of Midnight\",\n \"text\": \"James Bond 007: Minute of Midnight James Bond 007: Minute of Midnight is a 1994 spy thriller comic book featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond in the lead, with the story written by Doug Moench and illustrated by Russ Heath, and published by Dark Horse Comics. It is released as part of a double bill alongside an unrelated franchise title \\\"Aliens Vs. Predator: Blood Time\\\" issued in Dark Horse Comics #25. James Bond is sent to Washington DC to spy on a meeting held by a terrorist organization led by a man called Lexis, who plans to hold the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19350260\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007\",\n \"text\": \"by Jonathan Cape, additionally, it is the only Bond novel with a shared copyright credit; Pearson is the only Bond novelist so recognised. The premise of \\\"James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007\\\" is that James Bond is based upon a real MI6 agent. Fleming hinted so in \\\"You Only Live Twice\\\", in Bond's obituary, that his adventures were the basis of a series of \\\"sensational novels\\\"; illustrating this contention, that novel's comic strip adaptation used covers from Fleming's James Bond novels. Writing autobiographically, Pearson begins the story with his own recruitment to MI6. Already, the department had assigned Ian\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4226396\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond in film\",\n \"text\": \"James Bond in film The James Bond film series is a British series of spy films based on the fictional character of MI6 agent James Bond, \\\"007\\\", who originally appeared in a series of books by Ian Fleming. It is one of the longest continually-running film series in history, having been in on-going production from 1962 to the present (with a six-year hiatus between 1989 and 1995). In that time Eon Productions has produced 24 films, most of them at Pinewood Studios. With a combined gross of over $7 billion to date, the films produced by Eon constitute the fourth-highest-grossing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9748428\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007 (role-playing game)\",\n \"text\": \"It has also been backed up with a couple of cracking supplements – \\\"Thrilling Locations\\\" and the \\\"Q Manual\\\" - which makes creating all manner of interesting scenarios an absolute breeze.\\\" James Bond 007 (role-playing game) James Bond 007: Role-Playing In Her Majesty's Secret Service is a spy fiction role-playing game based on the James Bond books and films. The game was designed by Gerard Christopher Klug and published by Victory Games (a branch of Avalon Hill). The game and its supplements were published from 1983 until 1987, when the license lapsed. At that time, it was the most popular\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7360636\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Agent Under Fire\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Agent Under Fire\\\" used the voice of Adam Blackwood and the likeness of English actor Andrew Bicknell for Bond. \\\"Agent Under Fire\\\" features over fifteen different types of firearm, as well as other weapons. Each firearm is based on a real firearm, but is given a pseudonym, the same manner as the weapons in \\\"GoldenEye 007\\\", and \\\"\\\". Most of the gadgets are concealed in a mobile phone, including a decryptor, grapple, laser, and remote transmitter. Bond is also provided with a card that disrupts electronic signals, as well as a jetpack. The multiplayer mode in \\\"Agent Under Fire\\\" features\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4011182\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007\",\n \"text\": \"James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007 James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007 (laterJames Bond: The Authorised Biography) by John Pearson, is a fictional biography of James Bond, first published in 1973; Pearson also wrote the biography \\\"The Life of Ian Fleming\\\" (1966). \\\"The Authorized Biography of 007\\\" was not commissioned by Glidrose Publications. It originated as a spoof novel for publisher Sidgwick & Jackson. However, Pearson knew Peter Janson-Smith, the Glidrose chairman, who gave permission for the work to be published. Consequently, this is the only James Bond book from Glidrose, between 1953 and 1987, not first published\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4226395\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Q (James Bond)\",\n \"text\": \"directly involved in Bond's missions occur in \\\"Octopussy\\\", in which Q actually participates in field work, including the final battle against the villain's henchmen, and \\\"Licence to Kill\\\" in which he joins Bond in the field after 007 goes rogue. In the first film, \\\"Dr. No\\\", Boothroyd is played by Peter Burton in only one scene in which he replaces Bond's .25 ACP Beretta 418 pistol with the signature .32 Walther PPK handgun. He is referred to by M as \\\"the armourer,\\\" and later as Major Boothroyd. Scheduling conflicts prevented Burton from reprising the role in \\\"From Russia with Love\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"713434\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: The Quasimodo Gambit\",\n \"text\": \"a target on behalf of the British Intelligence who has been selling smuggled goods to an unidentified source of buyers, for which Agent 007, James Bond is sent to put a stop to the change of hands with the aid of a Jamaican secret service agent, Nebula Valentine. As they crawl on the shores of a warehouse which was serving as the location of the meeting between the seller and the unknown buyer, Bond attempts to study the place before submitting an assault on Rifle, accompanied by other operatives under the command of his ally, Nebula. On the other side\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19157032\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Light of My Death\",\n \"text\": \"James Bond 007: Light of My Death Light of My Death is a 1993 spy comic book featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond in the central role of the plot, written by Das Petrou and illustrated by John Watkiss. It was published by Dark Horse Comics in issues #8-11 of \\\"Dark Horse Comics\\\". It includes the return of a Bond girl from a Fleming novel, Tatiana Romanova from \\\"From Russia, with Love\\\" (1957). The story begins at the French Alps where a British Intelligence agent, Dennis Rogers was sent to rendezvous with a Swiss Banker, investigating the eastern trade\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19811295\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Blood Stone\",\n \"text\": \"James Bond 007: Blood Stone James Bond 007: Blood Stone is a third-person shooter video game, developed by Bizarre Creations and published by Activision for the Microsoft Windows, Nintendo DS, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 platforms. It is the 24th game in the James Bond series and is the first game since \\\"\\\" to have an original story. The game was confirmed by Activision on 16 July 2010. The game was released on 2 November 2010 in North America and released on 5 November 2010 in Europe. Activision's remake of \\\"GoldenEye 007\\\" for the Wii and DS was released on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15693355\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Nightfire\",\n \"text\": \"setting the auto-pilot on the Vanquish so he and Alura can have a romantic evening. The game had been in development as early as September 2000, and was announced as \\\"James Bond 007\\\" in May 2001. By February 2002, the game's working title was \\\"James Bond in... Phoenix Rising\\\". The game's final title was unveiled in May 2002. In July 2002, Pierce Brosnan's head was scanned with a laser digitizer to create the James Bond character model. Driving levels were developed by Savage Entertainment and a team at Electronic Arts. \\\"Nightfire\\\" marked the first time a James Bond video game\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3141547\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007 (1998 video game)\",\n \"text\": \"James Bond 007 (1998 video game) James Bond 007 is an action-adventure game featuring James Bond. The game was developed by Saffire Corporation and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy. Released on February 9, 1998, the game features a story that includes characters from multiple James Bond films, such as Oddjob and Jaws. The gameplay of \\\"James Bond 007\\\" is presented from a top-down perspective. As James Bond, the player controls an arsenal of weapons and items. Bond must use items at the appropriate place and time to either sneak past impossible odds or to solve a mission. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6252557\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Blood Stone\",\n \"text\": \"stunt coordinator. The game's soundtrack is composed by Richard Jacques. Joss Stone provides an original musical track to the game titled \\\"I'll Take It All\\\" written and performed by her and David A. Stewart. \\\"James Bond 007: Blood Stone\\\" has received mixed to positive reviews from critics. Aggregating review websites GameRankings and Metacritic gave the Nintendo DS version 75% and 70/100, the PlayStation 3 version 66% and 65/100, the Xbox 360 version 64% and 62/100 and the PC version 63% and 63/100. James Bond 007: Blood Stone James Bond 007: Blood Stone is a third-person shooter video game, developed by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15693368\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Serpent's Tooth\",\n \"text\": \"defeats the creature. On the last leg of the moment, Bond delivers the submarine in time for the rescue of Sunny and the others, as they manage to evacuate the pod in time. They were expected out there by a victorious Cruzado and his men, helping up all the girls and the scientists. Leaving Cruzado confused, Bond kidnaps the submarine for himself with Sunny as his companion to enjoy a rather romantic moment they share. James Bond 007: Serpent's Tooth James Bond 007: Serpent's Tooth is a 1992 spy comic book mini-series, published by Dark Horse Comics, featuring Ian Fleming's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19041617\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Light of My Death\",\n \"text\": \"his pet and his organization are stand-ins for Ernst Stavro Blofeld and SPECTRE, both of which at the time belonged to The Kevin McClory Estate following the controversy regarding the ownership of the plot and the characters in \\\"Thunderball\\\" and as such cannot have been used for legal reasons. James Bond 007: Light of My Death Light of My Death is a 1993 spy comic book featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond in the central role of the plot, written by Das Petrou and illustrated by John Watkiss. It was published by Dark Horse Comics in issues #8-11 of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19811302\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing\",\n \"text\": \"as \\\"EON\\\" delivers some spectacular levels, including a breakneck highway chase on a flamethrower-equipped motorcycle. Her Majesty would definitely approve.\\\" \\\"The Village Voice\\\" gave it a score of eight out of ten and said, \\\"The seamless action—now presented in third person—is spit-shined and ever shifting.\\\" James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing is a third-person shooter video game, in which the player controls James Bond. Bond is modeled after and voiced by the former James Bond actor Pierce Brosnan. Developed by EA Redwood Shores and published by Electronic Arts, it was released for the GameCube,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3286419\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007 (role-playing game)\",\n \"text\": \"DESCARTES. It was also translated into Spanish in May 1990 by Karl Walter Klobuznik and Moisés Prieto, and published in Spain by JOC International S.A. Originally sold in the United States in box format, the Spanish version was published in a single «hardcover» book entitled “James Bond 007, EL JUEGO DE ROL”, just as Jeux Descartes had done two years earlier in the French edition. The French replaced James Talbot's original black-and-white drawings with stills from the Bond films (also in black and white). The Spanish edition also replaced the original illustrations, but this time with original illustrations. These were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7360633\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing\",\n \"text\": \"James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing is a third-person shooter video game, in which the player controls James Bond. Bond is modeled after and voiced by the former James Bond actor Pierce Brosnan. Developed by EA Redwood Shores and published by Electronic Arts, it was released for the GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Xbox consoles. The Game Boy Advance version was developed by Griptonite Games and when linked to the GameCube version via the Nintendo GameCube–Game Boy Advance link cable allowed unique premium content. The game achieved Platinum Hits status on the Xbox. Written by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3286406\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond in video games\",\n \"text\": \"James Bond in video games The \\\"James Bond\\\" video game franchise is a series of predominantly shooter games and games of other genres (including role-playing and adventure games). Several games are based upon the James Bond film series and developed and published by a variety of companies, centering on Ian Fleming's fictional British MI6 agent, James Bond. The intellectual property is owned by Danjaq, LLC. In 1983, Parker Brothers released first James Bond video game, \\\"James Bond 007\\\", for multiple consoles. Since 1983, there have been numerous video games based on the films, Ian Fleming's novels, and original scripts created\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4602903\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Minute of Midnight\",\n \"text\": \"the British Intelligence since \\\"M\\\" was away due to a diplomatic status, attending a summit conference in France, he personally sends a message to 007 through Tanner, giving him a week off. Bond, still disturbed by the image he created the night earlier, accepts the vacation and departs. Meanwhile, it is revealed that Sykes and Redditch are part of Lexis' organization as they substitute the real briefcase with a false one on its delivery as well as scheme the abduction of \\\"M\\\". James Bond 007: Minute of Midnight James Bond 007: Minute of Midnight is a 1994 spy thriller comic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19350265\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond (literary character)\",\n \"text\": \"ACP Beretta automatic pistol carried in a light-weight chamois leather holster. However Fleming was contacted by a Bond enthusiast and gun expert, Geoffrey Boothroyd, who criticised Fleming's choice of firearm for Bond and suggested a Walther PPK 7.65mm instead. Fleming used the suggestion in \\\"Dr. No\\\", also taking advice that it should be used with the Berns-Martin triple draw shoulder holster. By way of thanks, the Secret Service Armourer who gives Bond his gun was given the name Major Boothroyd, and is introduced by M as \\\"the greatest small-arms expert in the world\\\". Kingsley Amis, in \\\"The James Bond Dossier\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12887982\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond (literary character)\",\n \"text\": \"of Bond in a different way. James Bond (literary character) Commander James Bond, CMG, RNVR, is a fictional character created by the British journalist and novelist Ian Fleming in 1953. He is the protagonist of the \\\"James Bond\\\" series of novels, films, comics and video games. Fleming wrote twelve Bond novels and two short story collections. His final two books—\\\"The Man with the Golden Gun\\\" (1965) and \\\"Octopussy and The Living Daylights\\\" (1966)—were published posthumously. The Bond character is a Secret Service agent, code number 007, residing in London but active internationally. Bond was a composite character who was based\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12887997\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond (literary character)\",\n \"text\": \"James Bond (literary character) Commander James Bond, CMG, RNVR, is a fictional character created by the British journalist and novelist Ian Fleming in 1953. He is the protagonist of the \\\"James Bond\\\" series of novels, films, comics and video games. Fleming wrote twelve Bond novels and two short story collections. His final two books—\\\"The Man with the Golden Gun\\\" (1965) and \\\"Octopussy and The Living Daylights\\\" (1966)—were published posthumously. The Bond character is a Secret Service agent, code number 007, residing in London but active internationally. Bond was a composite character who was based on a number of commandos whom\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12887951\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen: Black Dossier\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Jimmy\\\" is a thinly veiled reference to James Bond; hints to this include owning Campion Bond's cigarette case and lighter, his preference for Vodka Martinis, having a scar from the novels, as well as owning James Bond trademark Walther PPK with 007 engraved on it. The names of other characters are shortened or otherwise changed to mask their origins: Mrs. Peel from the \\\"Avengers\\\" uses her maiden name throughout the graphic novel (here spelled \\\"Night\\\" instead of \\\"Knight\\\"), and Billy Bunter is only referred to by his first name. A DC press release confirmed it would not be released outside\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9110943\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Agent Under Fire\",\n \"text\": \"his role as \\\"R\\\" from \\\"The World Is Not Enough\\\". Cleese had previously played R in the PlayStation and Nintendo 64 versions of \\\"The World Is Not Enough\\\" and \\\"007 Racing\\\", and production footage of the game released showed Cleese's likeness and voice. However, due to copyright reasons, Cleese's likeness was replaced and his lines redubbed by Miles Anderson, who had imitated the voice of Desmond Llewelyn's Q in previous games. Anderson used the same voice he had used for Llewelyn's Q when voicing Cleese's character. Cleese did however reprise his role as R in commercials for \\\"Agent Under Fire\\\".\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4011192\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond in video games\",\n \"text\": \"by the developer or publisher of the game. The video games were somewhat profitable in the 1980s and early 1990s, featuring a mixture of styles including side-scrolling action and text adventure. The popularity of the James Bond video game series did not rise quickly, however, until 1997's \\\"GoldenEye 007\\\" by Rare for the Nintendo 64. \\\"GoldenEye 007\\\" expanded on the plot of the film \\\"GoldenEye\\\", and is a first-person shooter with a multiplayer mode. The game received very positive reviews and sold over eight million copies. In 1998, Nintendo released \\\"James Bond 007\\\" for the Game Boy developed by Saffire\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4602904\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Motifs in the James Bond film series\",\n \"text\": \"Bond\\\" actors. Llewelyn's first film was the second in the Eon series, \\\"From Russia with Love\\\", after the actor who played the part in \\\"Dr. No\\\", Peter Burton, was unavailable for the filming schedule. (Burton's character was not yet called Q, but \\\"the Armourer\\\", Major Boothroyd, who instructed Bond on a new firearm, the Walther PPK.) After appearing as Q's assistant in \\\"The World Is Not Enough\\\", John Cleese appeared as Q in Pierce Brosnan's last film, \\\"Die Another Day\\\". For Daniel Craig's third film, \\\"Skyfall\\\", the character was re-introduced, with Ben Whishaw playing the part. The first Bond film,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15940307\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007 (card game)\",\n \"text\": \"was wounded twice. James Bond 007 (card game) James Bond 007 is an out-of-print collectible card game by Target Games and Heartbreaker Hobbies. It was released in November 1995 and was one of many CCGs released during that time that were based on a movie or TV franchise. The first set was called \\\"Goldeneye\\\" and had 207 cards and featured material from every film up to that time, even Thunderball. Some sources claimed the set had as many as 217 or 231 cards. An expansion called \\\"Villains and Women\\\" was scheduled for a 1996 release but never materialized. Gameplay involved\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20597491\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007 (card game)\",\n \"text\": \"James Bond 007 (card game) James Bond 007 is an out-of-print collectible card game by Target Games and Heartbreaker Hobbies. It was released in November 1995 and was one of many CCGs released during that time that were based on a movie or TV franchise. The first set was called \\\"Goldeneye\\\" and had 207 cards and featured material from every film up to that time, even Thunderball. Some sources claimed the set had as many as 217 or 231 cards. An expansion called \\\"Villains and Women\\\" was scheduled for a 1996 release but never materialized. Gameplay involved each player assuming\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20597489\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"007 Racing\",\n \"text\": \"007 Racing 007 Racing is a racing video game based on the James Bond license. It was developed by Eutechnyx, published by Electronic Arts, and released in 2000 for the PlayStation console system. This game marks the seventh appearance of Pierce Brosnan's James Bond; the game included his likeness but not his voice, which is provided by Tim Bentinck. Including many revived characters from previous entries, the game is considered to be a spin-off out of the original chronicles. In \\\"007 Racing\\\" the player takes on the role of British secret agent Commander James Bond behind the wheel of some\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3998343\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Service\",\n \"text\": \"by a shadowy radical nationalist group after he made a political statement against United Kingdom and their lack of usefulness to the United States in the aftermath of their recent turnouts within their own government. The trail leads British Intelligence agent, James Bond to Denbigh North, a district in Milton Keynes, to track down the recent residence of a former marine Jack Marshall. But, before 007 could allow himself to Marshall's hotel room, he dodges an explosion wired in the old methods of booby traps commonly employed during World War II. In contact with M, joined by Major Boothroyd they\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20178995\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"GoldenEye 007 (1997 video game)\",\n \"text\": \"GoldenEye 007 (1997 video game) GoldenEye 007 is a first-person shooter video game developed by Rare and based on the 1995 \\\"James Bond\\\" film \\\"GoldenEye\\\". It was released for the Nintendo 64 video game console in August 1997. The game features a single-player campaign in which players assume the role of British Secret Intelligence Service agent James Bond as he fights to prevent a criminal syndicate from using a satellite weapon against London to cause a global financial meltdown. The game includes a split-screen multiplayer mode in which up to four players can compete in different types of deathmatch games.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1618204\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007 (role-playing game)\",\n \"text\": \"also well supported with supplements by Victory Games. But Avalon Hill had trouble renewing the license from Danjaq in 1987, with each side blaming the other for unwillingness to continue, and the game ceased publication. Publications in the James Bond 007 line included: Most adventures were based on specific James Bond movies, with a few vital plot details changed, so players who had seen the film would still be surprised by the adventure. A few were written as sequels to earlier adventures based on specific movies. International editions The James Bond 007 RPG was also translated into French by JEUX\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7360632\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007 (1983 video game)\",\n \"text\": \"of simply shooting everything that moves.\\\" AllGame's Brett Alan Weiss, who gave the ColecoVision version two stars out of five, wrote that the game \\\"has so many flaws that it is easily the worst cartridge in the Parker Brothers library of ColecoVision titles.\\\" Weiss criticized the game's sound effects, its difficult controls and gameplay, its short length, and most of its graphics, but wrote that it gradually and briefly becomes enjoyable once the controls have been mastered. James Bond 007 (1983 video game) James Bond 007 is a 1983 side-scrolling video game developed and published by Parker Brothers for the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10055952\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007\",\n \"text\": \"introduced to a retired James Bond — who is in his fifties, yet healthy, sun-tanned, and married to Honeychile Ryder, the heroine of \\\"Dr. No\\\". Most of \\\"James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007\\\" is Bond telling his life story, including school and first MI6 missions, referring to most every novel and short story and, briefly, to \\\"Colonel Sun\\\", the Robert Markham series-continuation novel. At conclusion, as Bond rushes to another mission (contrary to mandatory retirement), John Pearson is invited to assume Ian Fleming's scribal duties, like Dr. Watson assumed with Sherlock Holmes. Out of print since the 1990s, a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4226398\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007 (1998 video game)\",\n \"text\": \"well as the score used for the game's casino area, but she criticized the sound effects, the lack of spoken character voices, and the lack of a \\\"decent\\\" map system for the game's maze-like levels. Wilbur concluded that the game felt too short, but stated that the inclusion of card games was a \\\"nice touch.\\\" James Bond 007 (1998 video game) James Bond 007 is an action-adventure game featuring James Bond. The game was developed by Saffire Corporation and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy. Released on February 9, 1998, the game features a story that includes characters from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6252563\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007 (1983 video game)\",\n \"text\": \"James Bond 007 (1983 video game) James Bond 007 is a 1983 side-scrolling video game developed and published by Parker Brothers for the Atari 2600, Atari 5200, Atari 8-bit computers, Commodore 64, ColecoVision and distributed in Japan by Tsukuda Original for the Sega SG-1000. The player controls the titular character of James Bond across four levels. The player is given a multi-purpose vehicle that acts as an automobile, a plane, and a submarine. The vehicle can fire shots and flare bombs, and travels from left to right as the player progresses through each level. The player can shoot or avoid\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10055949\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Double O Seven, James Bond, A Report\",\n \"text\": \"the preface and the writer–executor correspondence, Snelling stresses his preference for the literary 007, because he felt the film series’ interpretation, especially Roger Moore’s entries, abandoned the \\\"adult\\\" secret agent character Ian Fleming created; ultimately, O. F. Snelling lost interest in all things Bond. Double O Seven, James Bond, A Report Double O Seven, James Bond, A Report (1964), by O. F. (Oswald Frederick) Snelling, is the first book-length, critical analysis of the James Bond novels, and the only such study Ian Fleming approved. It was published in August 1964, the month when Fleming died, a coincidence that earned the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11179990\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Double O Seven, James Bond, A Report\",\n \"text\": \"American Library, Fleming’s North American publishers, issued it in 1965. O.F. Snelling’s literary criticism of agent 007 is a five-part report. First, “His Predecessors”, observes the similarities among the upper-class “Clubland Tradition” novelists John Buchan, Sapper (H. C. McNeile), and Dornford Yates (Cecil William Mercer) and their influence upon the writer Ian Fleming. Second, “His Image” analyses the character, James Bond, secret agent 007 of the British Secret Service. Third, “His Women”, the longest section, examines and explores the women and Bond’s relationships with them, and how they — the man and the women — changed in the series’ course.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11179986\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: From Russia with Love\",\n \"text\": \"Many points were given to the enhanced graphics and play difficulty. \\\"The Times\\\" gave it a score of four stars out of five and stated that \\\"It’s enough to make you toss your trilby on to a hat-rack in delight.\\\" However, \\\"Maxim\\\" gave it a score of six out of ten and stated that though the game was challenging, \\\"it's also sometimes pedestrian, with a host of uninspired levels and dim bad guys ruining what could have been the triumphant return of 007.\\\" Within three months of its release, it had sold approximately 277,000 copies. James Bond 007: From Russia\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4519180\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007 (1983 video game)\",\n \"text\": \"enemies and obstacles that appear throughout the game, including boats, frogmen, helicopters, missiles, and mini-submarines. The game's four levels are loosely based on missions from various James Bond films: Initially, Charlie Heath worked on a demo version of the game that was based on the final scene in \\\"Moonraker\\\", which failed to impress Parker Brothers. Heath left Parker Brothers in late 1982, and no copies of his version exist. In 1983, a new version of the game, titled \\\"James Bond 007 As Seen in Octopussy\\\", was in development by Western Technologies, with a scheduled release later that summer. The game\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10055950\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"GoldenEye 007 (1997 video game)\",\n \"text\": \"guns, assault rifles, grenades, and throwing knives, among others. Guns have a finite magazine and must be reloaded after a certain number of shots, but the player may acquire and carry as many weapons as can be found in each mission. The player's initial weapon in most missions is the Walther PPK, called the PP7 special issue in-game. Most of the game's firearms are modelled on real-life counterparts (although their names are altered), while others are based on fictitious devices featured in the \\\"James Bond\\\" films, such as the Golden Gun and \\\"Moonraker\\\" laser. The weapons vary in characteristics such\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1618208\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The James Bond Dossier\",\n \"text\": \"In the 1968 essay 'A New James Bond', anthologised in \\\"What Became of Jane Austen? And Other Questions\\\" (1970), Kingsley Amis revisits the literary character, and explains why he accepted the commission of writing \\\"Colonel Sun\\\" (1968), discusses the challenge of impersonating the writer Ian Fleming, and explores the stylistic and world-view differences among the spy novels of Ian Fleming, John le Carré, and Len Deighton. Moreover, under the pseudonym 'Lt.-Col. William \\\"Bill\\\" Tanner' — M.'s CoS and 007's best friend in SIS — Amis wrote his second Bond book, \\\"The Book of Bond, or Every Man His Own 007\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5452227\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The James Bond Dossier\",\n \"text\": \"about the James Bond novels. By late 1964, he had expanded the essay to book length, and submitted it to his publisher, Jonathan Cape. In one hundred and sixty pages, \\\"The James Bond Dossier\\\" methodically catalogues and analyses the activities and minutiae of secret agent 007: the number of men he kills, the women he loves, the villains he thwarts, and the essential background of Ian Fleming's Cold War world of the 1950s. After Fleming's death in August 1964, Glidrose Productions Ltd., owners of the international book rights, asked for Amis's editorial assessment of the uncompleted manuscript of \\\"The Man\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5452220\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Walther PP\",\n \"text\": \"early novels, but switched to the PPK in \\\"Dr. No\\\" on the advice of firearms expert Geoffrey Boothroyd, though the actual guns carried by Bond and Felix Leiter in the film were, in fact, Walther PPs. Actor Jack Lord was presented with a gold plated one with ivory handgrips. Singer Elvis Presley owned a silver-finish PPK, inscribed \\\"TCB\\\" (\\\"taking care of business\\\"). The PPK/S was developed following the enactment of the Gun Control Act of 1968 (GCA68) in the United States, the pistol's largest market. One of the provisions of GCA68 banned the importation of pistols and revolvers not meeting\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3471018\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Our Man Flint\",\n \"text\": \"to James Bond in a comedic and outlandish style. Flint is initially offered a Walther PPK and an attache case with a concealed throwing knife with Flint dismissing both as \\\"crude\\\". During the French strip club sequence, Flint stages a mock brawl with a patron who is identified as Agent 0008, a British secret agent. Flint asks if SPECTRE (the criminal organization in the early Bond movies) is involved, to which Agent 0008 replies, \\\"It's bigger than SPECTRE!\\\" The actor playing the role is similar in appearance to Sean Connery. Later in the film, Gila is shown reading a 0008\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3465295\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond (literary character)\",\n \"text\": \"pattern of setting Bond in the contemporary timeframe of the 1990s and, according to Jeremy Black, had more echoes of Fleming's style than John Gardner, he also changed Bond's gun back to the Walther PPK, put him behind the wheel of a Jaguar XK8 and made him swear more. James Harker noted that \\\"whilst Fleming's Bond had been an \\\"Express\\\" reader; Benson's is positively red top. He's the first to have group sex ... and the first to visit a prostitute\\\", whilst Black notes an increased level of crudity lacking in either Fleming or Gardner. In a 1998 interview Benson\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12887989\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tomorrow Never Dies\",\n \"text\": \"every Eon Bond film since \\\"Dr. No\\\" in 1962, with the exception of \\\"Moonraker\\\" in which Bond was not seen with a pistol. Walther wanted to debut its new firearm in a Bond film, which had been one of its most visible endorsers. Previously the P5 was introduced in \\\"Octopussy\\\". Bond would use the P99 until Daniel Craig reverted to the PPK as 007 in \\\"Quantum of Solace\\\" in 2008. Barbara Broccoli chose David Arnold to score \\\"Tomorrow Never Dies\\\" on a recommendation from prolific James Bond films composer John Barry. Arnold had come to Barry's attention through his successful\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2113618\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"007 Legends\",\n \"text\": \"to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the \\\"James Bond\\\" film franchise. It incorporates the stories of six Bond films, one film chosen from each Bond actor's series of films, and retells them with an overarching narrative that ties them together, that of the progression of James Bond, from a newly christened agent on through becoming experienced as 007. The player goes through the classic Bond missions in the game playing as the Daniel Craig incarnation of Bond, as along the lines of the 2010 remake of \\\"GoldenEye 007\\\" for the Nintendo Wii, and the PlayStation 3/Xbox 360 port called\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16451650\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Minute of Midnight\",\n \"text\": \"world ransom by threatening the globe with sabotaging nuclear power plants, an operation he codenamed \\\"Miasma\\\". After eavesdropping the conversation, Bond delivers the recorded tape to a man called Sykes who works for the CIA, having asked for Agent 007 especially from the British Intelligence due to the man they are after, Lexis, being a British citizen. Sykes also asks Bond to deliver the document and the tape personally back to London in a briefcase, which the former claims to be more secure than transporting it through cryptography. The next day at an airport in Maryland, Bond meets with a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19350261\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Derringer\",\n \"text\": \"broken into two parts with the barrel-chamber assembly hidden in the hollowed out heel of one boot and the frame hidden in the heel of the other. Two characters in the 1965 movie \\\"Cat Ballou\\\" wield derringers. In Ian Fleming's novel \\\"The Man with the Golden Gun\\\" (1965), Francisco \\\"Pistols\\\" Scaramanga seriously wounds James Bond with his \\\"tiny golden Derringer\\\", seconds before Bond kills the thug with five shots from his Walther PPK 7.65 millimeter. J.B. Books, portrayed by John Wayne, in \\\"The Shootist\\\" (1976), carried a Remington Derringer with his wallet. A single-shot Colt Derringer was the concealed weapon\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1979549\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Signature weapon\",\n \"text\": \"Signature weapon A signature weapon (or trademark weapon or weapon of choice) is one commonly identified with a certain group or, in the case of literature, comics, and film, where it is a popular \\\"trope,\\\" for both heroes and villains to be associated with and highly proficient in the use of specific weaponry. Examples include Robin Hood's longbow, Don Quixote's jousting lance, a wizard's wand, the Grim Reaper's scythe, the Monkey King's iron rod, a Jedi's lightsaber, William Tell's crossbow, Negan's bat, David's sling and James Bond's Walther PPK. The Colt .45 SAA and Winchester are ubiquitous in Westerns. Signature\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16588519\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Inspirations for James Bond\",\n \"text\": \"secret agents and commando types I met during the war\\\". Besides real life individuals, James Bond was also inspired by one of Dennis Wheatley's characters; the secret agent Gregory Sallust, based on Wheatley's late friend Gordon Eric Gordon-Tombe. The 007 number assigned to James Bond may have been influenced by any number of sources. In the films and novels, the \\\"00\\\" prefix indicates Bond's discretionary \\\"licence to kill\\\", in executing his duties. Bond's number—007—was assigned by Fleming in reference to one of British naval intelligence's key achievements of World War I: the breaking of the German diplomatic code. One of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4400932\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond (comic strip)\",\n \"text\": \"strip adaptations have been reprinted several times. First by the James Bond 007 International Fan Club, in the early 1980s. Then annually, from 1987 to 1990, by the British Titan Books company in anthologies, beginning with \\\"The Living Daylights\\\" to tie-in with the release of the eponymous James Bond film. Beginning in 2004, Titan reissued these anthologies in larger, revised editions, and also began reprinting stories that hadn't been featured in the earlier books. With a more frequent publishing schedule than the first series, all 52 stories had been published in seventeen books by March 2010. These volumes include new\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5313730\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond filmography\",\n \"text\": \"of the Clint Eastwood character, Dirty Harry — was chosen for Moore to use in \\\"Live and Let Die\\\" rather than Bond's usual choice of Walther PPK. Spicer says \\\"Roger Moore re-created Bond as an old-style debonair hero, more polished and sophisticated than Connery's incarnation, using the mocking insouciance he had perfected in his role as Simon Templar ... Moore's humour was a throwaway, and certainly in the later films, verged on self-parody. It was an essential strand in the increasingly tongue-in-cheek direction of the series which became more light-hearted, knowing and playfully intertextual\\\". Chapman noted that Moore was the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16770568\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Walther PPS\",\n \"text\": \"Walther PPS The Walther PPS (\\\"Polizei-Pistole Schmal\\\" / Police Pistol Slim) is a semi-automatic pistol developed by the German company Carl Walther GmbH Sportwaffen of Ulm for concealed carry for civilians and plainclothes law enforcement personnel. It is available in either 9×19mm Parabellum or .40 S&W chamberings. It was first shown in 2007 at the IWA & OutdoorClassics and is a slim polymer framed weapon of similar size to the Walther PPK pistol. The PPS is however technically much more based on the Walther P99 pistol. PPS pistols manufactured by Walther in Ulm, Germany are imported to the United States\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10152587\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"SMERSH (James Bond)\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Intelligence Men\\\", and STENCH in \\\"Carry On Spying\\\". SMERSH (James Bond) SMERSH is a fictional Soviet counterintelligence agency featured in Ian Fleming's early James Bond novels as agent 007's nemesis. SMERSH is the acronym of \\\"Spetsialnye MEtody Razoblacheniya SHpionov\\\", meaning \\\"Special Methods of Spy Detection\\\" (in Russian Cyrillic СМЕРШ: Специальные Методы Разоблaчения Шпионов). Fleming's version of SMERSH supposedly was modelled upon the real SMERSH organisation, which existed 1943–1946 (the real name is a portmanteau of two Russian words: \\\"SMERt' SHpionam\\\" [Смерть Шпионам, Směrť Špionam] meaning \\\"Death to Spies\\\"). However, the novels portray SMERSH as a massive Soviet counterintelligence organisation,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3605675\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"SMERSH (James Bond)\",\n \"text\": \"SMERSH (James Bond) SMERSH is a fictional Soviet counterintelligence agency featured in Ian Fleming's early James Bond novels as agent 007's nemesis. SMERSH is the acronym of \\\"Spetsialnye MEtody Razoblacheniya SHpionov\\\", meaning \\\"Special Methods of Spy Detection\\\" (in Russian Cyrillic СМЕРШ: Специальные Методы Разоблaчения Шпионов). Fleming's version of SMERSH supposedly was modelled upon the real SMERSH organisation, which existed 1943–1946 (the real name is a portmanteau of two Russian words: \\\"SMERt' SHpionam\\\" [Смерть Шпионам, Směrť Špionam] meaning \\\"Death to Spies\\\"). However, the novels portray SMERSH as a massive Soviet counterintelligence organisation, much more resembling the real-life KGB, which aims its\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3605665\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beretta 418\",\n \"text\": \"order from his superior officer, M, to start carrying a new duty weapon in the opening chapters of the sixth novel, \\\"Dr. No\\\". Major Boothroyd, the MI6 armorer and \\\"the greatest small-arms expert in the world\\\" in M's opinion, insists that Bond trade it for a weapon with more stopping power. Bond is issued a Walther PPK, and a Smith & Wesson Centennial Airweight revolver for situations where he needs more power than the PPK can offer. He uses both guns during a mission in Jamaica for this novel, then relies on the PPK in subsequent stories. In the film\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9285541\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond in video games\",\n \"text\": \"its misleading title and poor storyline. The game was released on PlayStation 2, Xbox, GameCube and Nintendo DS. EA listed \\\"007 Racing\\\" and \\\"GoldenEye: Rogue Agent\\\" as spin-offs, out of their canonical order they have built. 2005 saw the release of \\\"\\\", based on the film \\\"From Russia with Love\\\". It stars Sean Connery as James Bond, and the other characters had the same likeness of the original cast. The game is a third-person shooter in the same style as \\\"Everything or Nothing\\\", with expansions in the story and certain details changed (such as trading SPECTRE for OCTOPUS, due to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4602910\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond in video games\",\n \"text\": \"received negative reviews from several reviewers. Eurocom has since closed down. On 4 January 2013, Activision and Steam's online stores removed online availability and pages for \\\"Quantum of Solace\\\", \\\"\\\", and \\\"007 Legends\\\" without explanation or warning, only to confirm three days later that the James Bond game license was revoked. A month later, Activision themselves declared that they would be backing away from licensed games in a formal statement. On 7 January 2014, president and co-founder of Telltale Games, Kevin Bruner has expressed an interest in making a future James Bond game if he were afforded the chance. He\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4602916\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Minute of Midnight\",\n \"text\": \"contact named Robert Nagell, who will be his CIA escort from the US soil all the way to Britain. Once they are on board as the plane takes off heading to Lakenheath Airfield, Nagell surprises Bond with a gas leaking grenade and distracts the whole airplane out of its normal measures, revealing himself as a double agent who is after the briefcase Bond is handcuffed to. They struggle in a fistfight while the plane is going out of balance in the air, Nagell realizes he failed for the time being when 007 proves to have gained the upper hand, he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19350262\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Walther PPS\",\n \"text\": \"before the new style slide stop and spring can be installed. For this the pistol has to be sent in to the Walther customer service. Walther PPS The Walther PPS (\\\"Polizei-Pistole Schmal\\\" / Police Pistol Slim) is a semi-automatic pistol developed by the German company Carl Walther GmbH Sportwaffen of Ulm for concealed carry for civilians and plainclothes law enforcement personnel. It is available in either 9×19mm Parabellum or .40 S&W chamberings. It was first shown in 2007 at the IWA & OutdoorClassics and is a slim polymer framed weapon of similar size to the Walther PPK pistol. The PPS\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10152602\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond and Moonraker\",\n \"text\": \"James Bond and Moonraker James Bond and Moonraker is a novelization by Christopher Wood of the James Bond film \\\"Moonraker\\\". Its name was changed to avoid confusion with Fleming's novel. It was released in 1979. British Secret Service agent James Bond, codename 007, must prevent Sir Hugo Drax's plan to murder the entire human race and then restart humanity from outer space. The screenplay of \\\"Moonraker\\\" differed so much from Ian Fleming's novel that Eon Productions authorised the film's screenwriter, Christopher Wood to write a novelization based upon the film, as he had done for \\\"The Spy Who Loved Me\\\".\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4397899\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francisco Scaramanga\",\n \"text\": \"player mode (except \\\"Everything or Nothing\\\") but golden versions of the game's standard weapon(s) are usually available (such as a golden Walther PPK, P99, and a golden rocket launcher). In \\\"GoldenEye\\\", the Golden Gun appears in a special mission. In the mission, the Golden Gun is stolen by Baron Samedi, and Bond needs to defeat Samedi and recover the Golden Gun. Although Samedi isn't killed, Bond escapes with the Golden Gun. The Golden Gun also appears in the video game \\\"Quantum of Solace\\\", created by Rare who also created \\\"GoldenEye 007\\\"). In \\\"Quantum of Solace\\\" the Golden Gun appears to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4214197\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: The Quasimodo Gambit\",\n \"text\": \"to intercept the delivery of munitions at the river, Bond is teamed up with the local coast guards and pursues ganja smuggling ships, with its sailors throwing them overboard so Quasimodo and his men will come to collect their merchandise later from the water. Witnessing them out of suspicions, 007 jumps after them and explores that the grass box is no more than a cover for hidden explosives within. However, he is captured by Ernest Force on the shores and subdued. Quasimodo sadistically tortures Bond in order to gain intelligence out of him, explaining that whatever his adversaries might do\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19157038\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Nightfire\",\n \"text\": \"UK Government sends Bond undercover to a party at industrialist Raphael Drake's Austrian castle. M (voiced by Samantha Eggar) believes that the party is a cover for the exchange of a missile guidance chip between Drake and Alexander Mayhew - who manages the Japanese branch of Drake's company, Phoenix International - had stolen the chip from the United States. Phoenix is believed to be a front for weapon smuggling. M gives Bond the instruction for him to rendezvous with CIA agent Zoe Nightshade and Dominique, who is posing as Drake's mistress. While Zoe distracts the guards, Bond makes his way\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3141541\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Light of My Death\",\n \"text\": \"Bond reunites with Tatiana to prevent the assassination of the delegates at Giza at the hands of the assassin whose weapon of choice, a \\\"portable laser gun\\\", fascinates 007. Before the governmental gathering is due, Major Boothroyd pilots a remote controlled passengerless helicopter disguised as the chopper carrying the officials heading over to the conference meeting point and explodes it nearby the head of the Great Sphinx alongside the pyramids, in order to confuse the assassin and lure him out of the shadows. Bond climbs on top of the Sphinx and exposes the assassin with a laser rifle in preparation\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19811300\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Filming of James Bond in the 1980s\",\n \"text\": \"Filming of James Bond in the 1980s Films made in the 1980s featuring the character of James Bond included \\\"For Your Eyes Only\\\", \\\"A View to a Kill\\\", \\\"The Living Daylights\\\", and \\\"Licence to Kill\\\". Production of \\\"For Your Eyes Only\\\" begun on 2 September 1980 in the North Sea, with three days shooting exterior scenes with the \\\"St Georges\\\". The interiors were shot later in Pinewood Studios, as well as the ship's explosion, which was done with a miniature in Pinewood's tank on the 007 Stage. On 15 September principal photography started in Corfu at the Villa Sylva at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17010344\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Agent Under Fire\",\n \"text\": \"It is discovered that eight world leaders have been cloned, and are to be replaced by the duplicates. Bond destroys the craft carrying the clones, and the pair make their escape. They head back to the Malprave Industries building in the Swiss Alps, where Bond successfully rescues the eight world leaders. Before he can escape from the base however, Bond encounters Malprave, who has set the base to self-destruct. She also reveals that Bloch is still alive, and that Bond had merely killed his clone. After a firefight with him, Bond follows Bloch into Malprave's main office and shoots him\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4011189\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Walther PP\",\n \"text\": \"Walther PP The Walther PP (\\\"Polizeipistole\\\", or police pistol) series pistols are blowback-operated semi-automatic pistols, developed by the German arms manufacturer Carl Walther GmbH Sportwaffen. It features an exposed hammer, a traditional double-action trigger mechanism, a single-column magazine, and a fixed barrel that also acts as the guide rod for the recoil spring. The series includes the Walther PP, PPK, PPK/S, and PPK/E models. The Walther TPH pocket pistol is a smaller calibre pistol introduced in 1971 identical in handling and operation to the PPK. Various PP series are manufactured in Germany, France, and the United States. In the past,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3471013\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Walther PP\",\n \"text\": \"again at their new US manufacturing plant in Fort Smith, Arkansas. Walther PP The Walther PP (\\\"Polizeipistole\\\", or police pistol) series pistols are blowback-operated semi-automatic pistols, developed by the German arms manufacturer Carl Walther GmbH Sportwaffen. It features an exposed hammer, a traditional double-action trigger mechanism, a single-column magazine, and a fixed barrel that also acts as the guide rod for the recoil spring. The series includes the Walther PP, PPK, PPK/S, and PPK/E models. The Walther TPH pocket pistol is a smaller calibre pistol introduced in 1971 identical in handling and operation to the PPK. Various PP series are\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3471027\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond filmography\",\n \"text\": \"of Mafeking, had a daughter by his lover, the spy Mata Hari, played Claude Debussy on the piano, ate royal jelly and cultivated black roses. The concept of Bond is that once Niven's Bond retired, his name and 007 designation was passed to another agent to keep the legend alive; James Chapman notes that the implication was that the \\\"other Bond\\\" was that played by Connery. Chapman considered the concept of an elderly Bond to be an interesting one, with Bond referring to Connery's Bond as a \\\"sexual acrobat who leaves a trail of beautiful dead women behind like blown\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16770557\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing\",\n \"text\": \"after, as well as their voice talents. In addition to Pierce Brosnan, Judi Dench and John Cleese reprised their roles from previous Bond films; the game features actors Willem Dafoe, Shannon Elizabeth, Heidi Klum and Vladimir Cuk as well as actor Richard Kiel, who played Jaws in the classic 007 films. \\\"Everything or Nothing\\\" is the second James Bond game to have its own original theme. It was performed by R&B artist Mýa, who also has a part as a Bond girl in the game. The game features a title song performed by Mýa, who also plays a character of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3286413\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Q (James Bond)\",\n \"text\": \"irritation and impatience at Bond's short attention span, often telling him to \\\"pay attention, 007\\\", and Bond's playful lack of respect for his equipment, telling the agent, \\\"I \\\"never\\\" joke about my work, 007\\\". In \\\"Thunderball\\\", Bond can be heard muttering \\\"Oh no\\\" when Q joins him in the Bahamas. However, on occasion, Q has shown a warm and fatherly concern for 007's welfare, such as at Bond's wedding in \\\"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\\\", when he assures Bond that he is available if Bond ever requires his help. Q has also assisted Bond in a more active role in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"713436\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond filmography\",\n \"text\": \"James Bond filmography Commander James Bond RN—code number 007—is a fictional character created by the British journalist and novelist Ian Fleming in 1952. The character appeared in a series of twelve novels and two short story collections written by Fleming and a number of continuation novels and spin-off works after Fleming's death in 1964. There have been twenty-six films in total, produced between 1962 and 2015. Fleming portrayed Bond as a tall, athletic, handsome secret agent in his thirties or forties; he has several vices including drinking, smoking, gambling, automobiles and womanising. He is an exceptional marksman, and skilled in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16770539\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["a german-made, 9-millimeter, heckler and koch semi-automatic pistol"],"string":"[\n \"a german-made, 9-millimeter, heckler and koch semi-automatic pistol\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":290,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"\"who said \"\"nothing is so much to be feared as fear?\""},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Fear Nothing","text":"Fear Nothing Fear Nothing is a novel released in 1997 by the best-selling author Dean Koontz. The book is the first installment in what is reported to be a three-part series of books, known as the Moonlight Bay Trilogy, featuring Christopher Snow, who suffers from the rare (but real) disease called XP (xeroderma pigmentosum). The second in the trilogy, \"Seize the Night\", was released in 1999. No release date has yet been set for the release of the third book titled \"Ride the Storm\". \"Fear Nothing\" is in several ways a successor to 1987 Koontz novel \"Watchers\". \"Fear Nothing\", told","psg_id":"7682904"},{"title":"Nothing to Fear","text":"Nothing to Fear Nothing to Fear is the second studio album by American new wave band Oingo Boingo, released in 1982 on A&M Records. It was one of the first works produced by award-winning engineer Joe Chiccarelli. \"Nothing to Fear\" possesses a more hard-edged sound than the band's previous releases, featuring louder electric guitar and percussion, an increased and more varied use of synthesizers and the introduction of sequencers on some tracks. The songs also feature an unorthodox range of instruments, some of which were designed and built by the band. At the time of its release, Elfman declared \"Nothing","psg_id":"6311191"},{"title":"Nothing to Fear","text":"Hughes film \"Sixteen Candles\". Oingo Boingo Additional personnel Nothing to Fear Nothing to Fear is the second studio album by American new wave band Oingo Boingo, released in 1982 on A&M Records. It was one of the first works produced by award-winning engineer Joe Chiccarelli. \"Nothing to Fear\" possesses a more hard-edged sound than the band's previous releases, featuring louder electric guitar and percussion, an increased and more varied use of synthesizers and the introduction of sequencers on some tracks. The songs also feature an unorthodox range of instruments, some of which were designed and built by the band. At","psg_id":"6311194"},{"title":"Nothing Left to Fear (Andy Cherry album)","text":"Cherry's passion for heartfelt worship hasn't gone unnoticed, and the weight placed on the Lord's glory seen in \"Nothing Left To Fear\" is proof.\" Louder Than the Music's Jamie Ervin said \"on a happy note, I give Andy Cherry a positive score and also positive potential. Can't wait for his second album.\" The Phantom Tollbooth's Derek Walker wrote that \"\"Nothing Left to Fear\" makes a great start.\" Stereo Subversion's Russell Bush said \"is not an album full of mere proclamations of devotion, but is infused with the honest questioning and lingering uncertainty that Andy has experienced throughout his journey.\" Nothing","psg_id":"16410607"},{"title":"Nothing Left to Fear (Andy Cherry album)","text":"Nothing Left to Fear (Andy Cherry album) Nothing Left to Fear is the first studio album by Contemporary Christian musician Andy Cherry, released on March 6, 2012 by Essential Records. Alpha Omega News' Tom Frigoli said \"His debut project “Nothing Left To Fear” is a worship offering with ten well-crafted songs from a musician who’s on fire for his king. Cherry has created a very worshipful album that paints Christ in a very real, accessible way. Cherry isn’t afraid to admit that he hasn’t got life figured out and shares his hopes, fears, and joys with listeners in a very","psg_id":"16410602"},{"title":"Fear Nothing","text":"mystery. Frost hints at unusual, uncommonly intelligent animals escaping from the military base. He cryptically mentions that Christopher is protected by the legacy of his mother. Fear Nothing Fear Nothing is a novel released in 1997 by the best-selling author Dean Koontz. The book is the first installment in what is reported to be a three-part series of books, known as the Moonlight Bay Trilogy, featuring Christopher Snow, who suffers from the rare (but real) disease called XP (xeroderma pigmentosum). The second in the trilogy, \"Seize the Night\", was released in 1999. No release date has yet been set for","psg_id":"7682909"},{"title":"Nothing Left to Fear (Destiny album)","text":"Nothing Left to Fear (Destiny album) Nothing Left to Fear is heavy metal/ progressive rock band Destiny's third album. It was released in autumn 1991 on both vinyl and CD. Destiny also produced their first promotional video for a track from this album, T\"he Evil Trinity\". The video has played on several major networks. Another two tracks from Beyond All Sense were re-recorded for this album - Sirens In The Dark and Rest in Peace. The praise from the media was uniformly positive . \"An almost perfect album\", said Martin Carlsson, the acclaimed Swedish metal writer . \"Don't miss this","psg_id":"9366980"},{"title":"So Much to Tell You","text":"have had long-term ramifications. \"So Much to Tell You\", based on a true story, is presented as a diary written by a 14-year-old girl known as Marina. Marina has a scarred face because she was the incidental victim of an incident involving acid, a wound given to her by her father, intended for her mother. She refused to talk to anyone during her long recovery period in hospital, so she was sent to Warrington, a girls' boarding school, because nothing else appeared to be working. But even after her arrival, she maintains her silence. Then, one day, her English teacher","psg_id":"9116537"},{"title":"Nothing Left to Fear (film)","text":"Rebecca to a gathering where they use her blood to destroy the Devil (Mary) and close the Gateway to Hell. The viewer then learns that the same thing happened to Noah and his family some years ago. Rebecca then takes Noah's place and is later seen killing a sheep, which attracts the attention of a new boy whose family is moving into the town. Plans to film \"Nothing Left to Fear\" were first announced in 2010, when Slash announced his intent to launch his production company Slasher Films with \"Nothing Left to Fear\" as its flagship film. Thomas Haden Church","psg_id":"17737289"},{"title":"Nothing to Fear","text":"To Fear\" to be \"far more 'Boingo'\" than the band's debut album, \"Only a Lad\". Initial vinyl pressings of the album contain a different mix of the song \"Private Life,\" featuring more prominent bass guitar and xylophone. The single version, which was subsequently used on all re-releases of the album, is 27 seconds shorter than the initial album mix, truncating the transition into the chorus, among other alterations. The song's release was accompanied by a music video, directed by Danny Elfman's brother Richard Elfman, founder of The Mystic Knights of the Oingo Boingo. Despite continuous condemnation from critics, \"Nothing to","psg_id":"6311192"},{"title":"Nothing Left to Fear (film)","text":"The group arrive at the house, where Dan and Rebecca try to go inside to get Wendy and Mary. Noah grabs hold of Rebecca, telling her to stay outside, and that there's nothing she can do to help them. Dan proceeds inside to find Wendy dead and crumbling away on the couch. Dan stumbles back in fear, and sees Mary crawling towards him on the stairway. He runs out of the house screaming at Rebecca and Noah to start the car and drive away. They do so and Dan stays behind to try to free Mary, who has followed him","psg_id":"17737287"},{"title":"Nothing Left to Fear (film)","text":"Nothing Left to Fear (film) Nothing Left to Fear is a 2013 supernatural horror film directed by Anthony Leonardi III. The film received some coverage due to its association with the Guns N' Roses band member Slash, as this marked the first film produced through his production company Slasher Films. The film was first released on September 26, 2013 in Russia and received a limited theatrical release on October 4 of the same year in the United States, alongside a video on demand release, before being released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc the following Tuesday. The film was inspired by","psg_id":"17737280"},{"title":"Nothing Left to Fear (film)","text":"moment on screen\" and that actors Heche and Tupper should write apology notes to their fans. In their review, \"The Hollywood Reporter\" joked on the film's title, saying that the \"title of this perfunctory horror film proves all too prophetic.\" \"Variety\" also gave a negative review and commented that the film \"features fewer small-town scares than a rerun of \"Dawson’s Creek\" and more wooden acting than a marionette theater\". Nothing Left to Fear (film) Nothing Left to Fear is a 2013 supernatural horror film directed by Anthony Leonardi III. The film received some coverage due to its association with the","psg_id":"17737293"},{"title":"So Much More (song)","text":"2\" and \"Everybody Get Up\". However, Evan McGarvey of The Michigan Daily criticized Joe's performance, writing that \"his [Joe] does his best to scar\" the song \"with Bad-Ass-Rap-101-level verses\", although he praised the song's \"church-organ loop\" production. In her review of \"All or Nothing\", Alexis Kirke of musicOMH wrote that the song was \"a track to ignore\" and that \"the skip should be kept handy\" before listening. So Much More (song) \"So Much More\" is a song by American rapper Fat Joe, released as the first single from his sixth studio album, \"All or Nothing\" (2005). It was produced by","psg_id":"16155417"},{"title":"Fear Nothing","text":"in the first person, follows 24 hours of Christopher Snow's life, as he discovers and attempts to unravel a mysterious and seemingly endless conspiracy centered on a military compound called Fort Wyvern. The book opens with Christopher Snow going to visit his dying father at the hospital. As Snow crosses the hospital to his father's room the lights are thoughtfully dimmed to protect him in his condition. Christopher’s father dying words of advice were \"Fear nothing, Chris. Fear nothing\". As he leaves the hospital Snow accidentally and serendipitously watches as his father’s body is switched with that of a drifter.","psg_id":"7682905"},{"title":"Much Apu About Nothing","text":"Much Apu About Nothing \"Much Apu About Nothing\" is the 23rd episode of \"The Simpsons\"<nowiki>'</nowiki> seventh season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 5, 1996. In the episode, a referendum is created that will require all illegal immigrants from Springfield to be deported. After learning that his friend Apu Nahasapeemapetilon will be deported, Homer decides to help Apu prepare for a United States citizenship test so that he can become a legal citizen. The episode was written by David S. Cohen, and directed by Susie Dietter. Joe Mantegna guest stars in the episode","psg_id":"5939588"},{"title":"Much Ado About Nothing","text":"to marry his \"niece,\" who is actually Hero in disguise. Another motif is the play on the words \"nothing\" and \"noting\", which in Shakespeare's day were near-homophones. Taken literally, the title implies that a great fuss (\"much ado\") is made of something which is insignificant (\"nothing\"), such as the unfounded claims of Hero's infidelity and the unfounded claims that Benedick and Beatrice are in love with one another. The title could also be understood as \"Much Ado About Noting\". Much of the action is in interest in and critique of others, written messages, spying, and eavesdropping. This is mentioned several","psg_id":"9461325"},{"title":"So Much More (song)","text":"So Much More (song) \"So Much More\" is a song by American rapper Fat Joe, released as the first single from his sixth studio album, \"All or Nothing\" (2005). It was produced by Cool & Dre, who helped write the song with Joe. Lyrically, the song features Joe describing his personal advantages in several areas, including his \"hood buzz\", among other features. \"So Much More\" performed modestly on the charts, peaking at number eighty-one on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and also charting on several \"Billboard\" component charts, although it failed to appear on any major chart outside the United","psg_id":"16155412"},{"title":"Nothing Is Sound","text":"various shows on the tours. Every night on tour, the band would write parts to new songs, and test them out during the shows.\"There's nothing like playing a new song in front of real people with real opinions. The people at those shows, (the extended Switchfoot family), they shaped this song as much as anyone,\" lead singer Jon Foreman said. \"Nothing Is Sound\" is characterized as being a much \"darker\" album compared to Switchfoot's other releases. Jon Foreman even hinted that the album could be viewed as \"a dark chapter revealing even more mysteries to be solved\". Lyrically the songs","psg_id":"5236139"},{"title":"There Is So Much World to See","text":"It was released on the album \"Bye Bye Blues\" (Jungle Records TCB-3131CD) in 2005. There Is So Much World to See \" There Is So Much World to See\" is a film song by Elvis Presley. It was featured in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer motion picture \"Double Trouble\" (1967). Elvis performs \"There Is So Much World to See\" to Jill Conway (Annette Day), while she is sitting on the bed. Presley recorded the song on June 28, 1966 at Radio Recorders, Hollywood. It was released on the soundtrack album \"Double Trouble\" (RCA Victor LPM 3787 (mono) and RCA Victor LSP 3787 (stereo))","psg_id":"15455253"},{"title":"There Is So Much World to See","text":"There Is So Much World to See \" There Is So Much World to See\" is a film song by Elvis Presley. It was featured in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer motion picture \"Double Trouble\" (1967). Elvis performs \"There Is So Much World to See\" to Jill Conway (Annette Day), while she is sitting on the bed. Presley recorded the song on June 28, 1966 at Radio Recorders, Hollywood. It was released on the soundtrack album \"Double Trouble\" (RCA Victor LPM 3787 (mono) and RCA Victor LSP 3787 (stereo)) in 1967. MGM producer was Jeffrey Alexander. Sue Moreno has also recorded a version.","psg_id":"15455252"},{"title":"Much Apu About Nothing","text":"episode's title is based on William Shakespeare's play \"Much Ado About Nothing\". The original title for the episode was going to be \"The Anti-Immigrant Song\", in reference to Led Zeppelin's song \"Immigrant Song\". A sign held by a protester outside the Kwik-E-Mart says \"The only good foreigner is Rod Stewart!\", a reference to the British singer. Brad Bird, an American director who has worked as executive consultant and director on \"The Simpsons\", can briefly be seen in the crowd that complains to Mayor Quimby. In its original broadcast, \"Much Apu About Nothing\" finished 49th in the ratings for the week","psg_id":"5939597"},{"title":"Nothing Left to Fear (Destiny album)","text":"album!\", was the response from Annika Sundbaum-Melin of Aftonbladet. \"It's the very intriguing arrangements that keeps your interest alive, the music mirrors more feelings than just the aggressive and that's good\", wrote Bert Gren of Göteborgsposten. Nothing Left to Fear (Destiny album) Nothing Left to Fear is heavy metal/ progressive rock band Destiny's third album. It was released in autumn 1991 on both vinyl and CD. Destiny also produced their first promotional video for a track from this album, T\"he Evil Trinity\". The video has played on several major networks. Another two tracks from Beyond All Sense were re-recorded for","psg_id":"9366981"},{"title":"Nothing to Fear (Once Upon a Time in Wonderland)","text":"entire series, but I am more intrigued than ever as to how all this will play out.\" Nothing to Fear (Once Upon a Time in Wonderland) \"Nothing to Fear\" is the ninth episode of the \"Once Upon a Time\" spin-off series \"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland\". It also served as the series' spring premiere. Cyrus and Alice reluctantly work with the Red Queen to find Will but must also be prepared to defend themselves from Jafar (when he looks for the Jabberwocky upon being told about it by the Caterpillar) and local inhabitants wanting revenge on the Red Queen","psg_id":"20349583"},{"title":"Nothing to Fear (Once Upon a Time in Wonderland)","text":"Nothing to Fear (Once Upon a Time in Wonderland) \"Nothing to Fear\" is the ninth episode of the \"Once Upon a Time\" spin-off series \"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland\". It also served as the series' spring premiere. Cyrus and Alice reluctantly work with the Red Queen to find Will but must also be prepared to defend themselves from Jafar (when he looks for the Jabberwocky upon being told about it by the Caterpillar) and local inhabitants wanting revenge on the Red Queen for not protecting them from the beasts that hunt in their lands. Will has troubles of his","psg_id":"20349580"},{"title":"Enter Without So Much as Knocking","text":"Enter Without So Much as Knocking Enter Without So Much as Knocking is a poem written by Bruce Dawe. It can be found in the compilation, \"Sometimes Gladness: Collected Poems 1954 - 1992\". The poem has been set as a high school text around Australia. \"Enter Without So Much as Knocking\" was written in 1959 and displays an Australia during the advent of television. The post-war period of the 1950s and 1960s was a time of affluence when society and social values were changing. The poem follows one child in a typical nuclear family from birth through a rushed life,","psg_id":"9476724"},{"title":"Nothing So Strange","text":"is a genre-bending experience that lives up to Daniel Webster's quote: 'There is nothing so powerful as truth, and often nothing so strange.'\" Jason Bovberg of DVD Talk rated it 3/5 stars and wrote, \"\"Nothing So Strange\" isn't quite the alternate-reality puzzle box that it aspires to be. It has an undeniably unique premise, but it quickly devolves into the mundane.\" Bill Gates himself stated, \"It is very disappointing that a moviemaker would do something like this.\" It won the \"New York Times\" Claiborne Pell Award for Original Vision. Nothing So Strange Nothing So Strange is a 2002 American mockumentary","psg_id":"2357042"},{"title":"So Much Pretty","text":"So Much Pretty So Much Pretty is the debut novel of Cara Hoffman, published by Simon & Schuster and released on March 15, 2011. \"So Much Pretty\" is about a young woman, Wendy White, who goes missing from her small town and is found murdered several months later. The novel then focuses on the investigation into her life, disappearance, and death by reporter Stacey Flynn. Publishers Weekly gave the novel a starred review, calling it a \"remarkable debut\". Booklist compared it to a mixture of \"The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo\" and \"The Lovely Bones\", and said Hoffman was a","psg_id":"15424585"},{"title":"So Much Pretty","text":"\"talented new writer\". The LA Times said it was a \"skillful, psychologically acute tale\", concluding that \"... the payoff is more than worth the slow-building suspense\". So Much Pretty So Much Pretty is the debut novel of Cara Hoffman, published by Simon & Schuster and released on March 15, 2011. \"So Much Pretty\" is about a young woman, Wendy White, who goes missing from her small town and is found murdered several months later. The novel then focuses on the investigation into her life, disappearance, and death by reporter Stacey Flynn. Publishers Weekly gave the novel a starred review, calling","psg_id":"15424586"},{"title":"Much Apu About Nothing","text":"succeeds as a savage satire on the scapegoating of immigrants. Homer has never been so frighteningly dumb, although he does come through with a rousing liberal speech.\" The episode is \"The Simpsons\" creator Matt Groening's third favorite episode of the show. The episode received a negative review from Dave Foster of DVD Times. He considered \"Much Apu About Nothing\" to be one of the season's most \"tiring\" episodes, \"mostly because Apu is not a strong enough character to focus an episode on no matter how much writer David Cohen develops him\". Foster commented that the episode deals with a political","psg_id":"5939600"},{"title":"To Be Everywhere Is to Be Nowhere","text":"becoming confused why they would sting him back, which Kensrue said \"seemed a fitting metaphor for much of U.S. foreign policy.\" The song \"Whistleblower\" is about Edward Snowden, who famously leaked NSA documents proving that the government was spying on American citizens without warrant. The song \"Death from Above\" was written from the perspective of an unmanned combat aerial vehicle (or drone) pilot. Kensrue said about half the tracks on \"To Be Everywhere Is to Be Nowhere\" follow this explicitly political theme, while the rest were described as being more broadly focused and touched on social or cultural concepts. The","psg_id":"19484145"},{"title":"Fear of God","text":"cared for man.\" Some translations of the Bible, such as the New International Version, sometimes replace the word \"fear\" with \"reverence\". It can also mean fear of God's judgment. The fear of God is felt because one understands the \"fearful expectation of judgement\". Still, this is not a fear that leads one to despair, rather it must be coupled with trust, and most importantly, love. In , it is said, \"If you, O Lord, kept a record of sins, O Lord, who could stand? But with you there is forgiveness; therefore you are feared.\" In the New Testament, this fear","psg_id":"13083609"},{"title":"Enter Without So Much as Knocking","text":"the smile he lost in life and in addition gives him a \"healthy tan\". Also in death he had no worries about money and no fears about disintegrating, or of having bad breath or his hair falling out, but the \"show is over\" comparing life to a television show, and he has no materialistic concerns in the grave. Enter Without So Much as Knocking Enter Without So Much as Knocking is a poem written by Bruce Dawe. It can be found in the compilation, \"Sometimes Gladness: Collected Poems 1954 - 1992\". The poem has been set as a high school","psg_id":"9476728"},{"title":"Never was so much owed by so many to so few","text":"who fought in the battle have been known as \"The Few\" ever since; at times being specially commemorated on 15 September, \"Battle of Britain Day\". Churchill apparently first used his famous words upon his exit from the Battle of Britain Bunker at RAF Uxbridge on 16 August when visiting the No. 11 Group RAF Operations Room during a day of battle. Afterwards, Churchill told Major General Hastings Ismay, 'Don't speak to me, I have never been so moved'. After several minutes of silence he said, 'Never in the history of mankind has so much been owed by so many to","psg_id":"4211801"},{"title":"Much 'I Do' About Nothing","text":"Much 'I Do' About Nothing \"Much 'I Do' About Nothing\" is the 18th episode of the CW television series, \"Gossip Girl\" as well as the series first season finale. The episode was written by Josh Schwartz & Stephanie Savage and directed by Norman Buckley. It originally aired on Monday, May 19, 2008 on the CW. Blair takes matters into her own hands to help Serena deal with the manipulative and evil Georgina Sparks who threatens to expose Serena's secret. Lily, while keeping Rufus in her mind, prepares for her wedding with Bart Bass that is designed to be the Upper","psg_id":"14581111"},{"title":"So Much So Fast","text":"So Much So Fast So Much So Fast is a documentary film written and directed by Academy Award nominees Steven Ascher and Jeanne Jordan. It premiered in competition at the 2006 Sundance Film Festival, and won the Audience Award at the Boston Independent Film Festival. \"So Much So Fast\" documents 5 years in the life of Stephen Heywood who, at 29, discovers he had the paralyzing neurodegenerative disease Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s disease). Determined to live as well as possible, Stephen gets married, has a son and rebuilds two houses. His and his wife Wendy’s observations of the world","psg_id":"8919357"},{"title":"Nothing Left to Fear (Andy Cherry album)","text":"as being not just another album, but forging its own identity, lyrically and musically. This is an album for those who want to journey deeper into the presence of the Lord.\" Jesus Freak Hideout's Roger Gelwicks wrote the album is \"Undoubtedly produced with an earnest heart for worship, the fruits of Cherry's labor found in \"Nothing Left To Fear\" succeeds in bringing an honest offering before the throne of God, and that's Cherry's intention. Some songs work better than others, but the fact still remains that more accomplished and exciting worship projects are more worthwhile to pick than Cherry's. Regardless,","psg_id":"16410606"},{"title":"So Much Love to Give","text":"song \"So Much Love\". The music segment was utilized in Uniting Nations 2005 hit \"You and Me\". Only the music was used without the actual usage of the phrase \"So much love\" in the song. In 2014, the rapper OnCue released his own song \"So Much Love\" as a single, using the sample for \"So Much Love\". The track was produced by Hudson Mohawke and Just Blaze. So Much Love to Give \"So Much Love to Give\" is a 2002 single released by French house duo Together, consisting of Thomas Bangalter and DJ Falcon. The 12\" single was released without","psg_id":"7986647"},{"title":"What Must Be Said","text":"of so-called Western intellectuals, who are willing to sacrifice the Jewish people on the altar of crazy anti-Semites for a second time, just to sell a few more books or gain recognition\" and demanded that European leaders condemn the work. Avi Primor, former Israeli ambassador to the European Union and to Germany, argued that the poem violated a taboo of German public discourse, where there is a fear of criticizing Israel; Grass was drawing attention to the hypocrisy of saying behind closed doors what cannot be said in public. Primor added that there is no anti-Semitism in Grass's work, that","psg_id":"16425960"},{"title":"Much Apu About Nothing","text":"Scott Anthony of the \"Harvard Business Review\" describes this scene as a \"classic example\" of the informal fallacy of assuming that correlation implies causation. Mike Moffatt also called it \"the best all-time discussion of faulty reasoning\". Much Apu About Nothing \"Much Apu About Nothing\" is the 23rd episode of \"The Simpsons\"<nowiki>'</nowiki> seventh season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 5, 1996. In the episode, a referendum is created that will require all illegal immigrants from Springfield to be deported. After learning that his friend Apu Nahasapeemapetilon will be deported, Homer decides to help","psg_id":"5939603"},{"title":"So Much to Tell You","text":"across as fake and a selfish woman who only cares about herself. She sends Marina to boarding school supposedly to learn to speak again, but really her mother just wants her out of the way to make room for her new husband. Later in the book she goes to New York with her new partner whom she refers in her letters as JJ. Tony Jamison: Marina's father is not so much a significant character; however, he is always on Marina's mind. Marina is unsure about how to feel about him whether it be anger, grief, or forgiveness. The book is","psg_id":"9116543"},{"title":"So Much For Love","text":"\"So Much For Love\" is filled to capacity with light rock goodness.\" Plus, Francesco wrote that \"So Much for Love proves to be a strong album from start to finish. It likely won't find way onto too many best-of lists come year's end (primarily because the band still seems to fly comfortably under the radar), but it's a strong and memorable entry into the band's growing catalogue.\" New Release Tuesday's Jay Wright said that \"there aren't many albums that are my favorite at first listen, but The Wrecking's \"So Much For Love\" is one of those albums! For one, it's","psg_id":"16761402"},{"title":"So Much More (song)","text":"quality meant that \"[\"All or Nothing\"] had some pretty high expectations riding in because of the two lead singles\" (\"So Much More\" and the following single \"Get It Poppin'\", a collaboration with rapper Nelly). Juon praised the song's lyrics as \"hardcore, and fuckin' funny as hell to boot\", and also commended Joe's decision to sing the chorus, noting that although this was surprising, Joe is \"a lot better at it [singing] than I am\". Allmusic writer Andy Kellman named \"So Much More\" as one of the best songs on the album, along with \"Safe 2 Say (The Incredible)\", \"Temptation Pt.","psg_id":"16155416"},{"title":"So Much to Tell You","text":"So Much to Tell You So Much to Tell You is a young adult novel by Australian author John Marsden, first published in 1987. It was his debut book. It was instantly successful in Australia and the US, and has since been translated into nine languages and awarded many highly acclaimed literary awards including the Christopher Medal and the Victorian Premier's Award. It was declared the by the Children's Book Council, and, accordingly, its author hopes that it will act as a source of inspiration to other teens who have had to overcome trauma and challenges in their lives which","psg_id":"9116536"},{"title":"I Used to Spend So Much Time Alone","text":"\"doesn't mess with the band's signature fuzzy guitar rock, so much as refine it. The album's instrumental depth allows the music to stretch, sway and gradually unfold to new places.\" About the album's lyrics, \"DIY\" writer El Hunt said, \"this record is centred on questions that can't be answered, and a nothingness that can't be filled.\" He added that the album \"isn't as callow as previous Chastity Belt records, and intentionally so, fully digging up the sadness that always lay ever-dormant beneath their tinny-swigging chaos, and leaving behind biting mockery for something that feels vaguer, and also more universal.\" Ryan","psg_id":"20057091"},{"title":"As If to Nothing","text":"were racing from Surrey to Monte Carlo in an Aston Martin DB9 and the TGV. \"Stay (Faraway, So Close!)\" is a cover version of the U2 song from their 1993 album \"Zooropa\", and contains a vocal performance recorded by Bono in 2001 while the band was on its Elevation Tour. As If to Nothing As If to Nothing is the second independent album by Scottish composer Craig Armstrong, featuring collaborations with Bono of U2, Mogwai, Photek, Evan Dando, King Crimson, and former Big Dish vocalist Steven Lindsay. It was released on 19 February 2002, on the EMI label in the","psg_id":"6993798"},{"title":"To Be Everywhere Is to Be Nowhere","text":"albums have lyrically focused on literary, biblical and occasional science-fiction themes, \"To Be Everywhere Is to Be Nowhere\" touches on various political, cultural and social themes for most of the album. Generally speaking about the album's lyrics, Kensrue said, \"I would definitely say that we've drawn a lot of our influence from the current state of politics, but I also like to personalize things when I write, and I've always written that way.\" The song \"Blood On the Sand\" (with the opening line: \"We wave our flags, we swallow fear like medicine / We kiss the hands of profiteers and","psg_id":"19484143"},{"title":"Nothing Left to Fear (film)","text":"concept was \"not constricted by songwriting\" and was a \"great departure for [him]\". Critical reception for \"Nothing Left to Fear\" has been overwhelmingly negative, and the film currently holds a rating of 12 on Metacritic based upon reviews by 7 critics indicating \"overwhelming dislike.\" Ratings on Rotten Tomatoes are also negative; as of December 15, 2013, the film holds a rating of 8% \"rotten\" based upon 12 reviews. Critics panned the film as \"dull\" and criticized it for its lack of scares. \"Los Angeles Times\" remarked that \"director Anthony Leonardi III and writer Jonathan Mills have let not one scary","psg_id":"17737292"},{"title":"Nothing Left to Fear (film)","text":"was initially named as one of the stars of the film, but his name was later removed from the production for unspecified reasons. Clancy Brown and Ethan Peck were added to the cast in early 2012, joining Anne Heche and James Tupper. Filming began on May 14, 2012 in Covington, Louisiana and film rights for \"Nothing Left to Fear\" were purchased by Anchor Bay. Subsequent to production the film's screenplay credits were determined in arbitration by the Writers Guild of America - it was found that the original screenplay by Jonathan W.C. Mills had been extensively re-rewritten by producer Rob","psg_id":"17737290"},{"title":"Much Ado About Nothing (1993 film)","text":"be none other than Hero herself. She and Claudio profess their true, undying love for each other, as do Beatrice and Benedick, who agree to marry. Benedick renounces his challenge against Claudio and embraces him. Moments later, Don John is marched in, having been captured before he could escape. Those gathered begin to dance, with the two happy couples at the middle. Don Pedro remains behind, still single, but happy for his friends. \"Much Ado About Nothing\" was filmed entirely at Villa Vignamaggio, Greve in Chianti, Florence. Tuscany, Italy. The music to \"Much Ado About Nothing\" was composed by frequent","psg_id":"4747526"},{"title":"Too Much of Nothing","text":"on Fotheringay's debut album, as well as Albert Lee's \"Black Claw & Country Fever\" sessions. All three versions substituted \"Marion\" for \"Vivien\". Overdubbed 1975: Too Much of Nothing \"Too Much of Nothing\" is a song written by Bob Dylan in 1967, first released by him on the album \"The Basement Tapes\" (1975). One of the most haunting themes of \"The Basement Tapes\" is an apprehension of the void. Shelton hears in this song an echo of the bald statement that Lear makes to his daughter Cordelia, \"Nothing will come of nothing\" (act I, scene 1). Marcus asserts that this was","psg_id":"11103000"},{"title":"Never was so much owed by so many to so few","text":"Never was so much owed by so many to so few \"Never was so much owed by so many to so few\" was a wartime speech made by the British prime minister Winston Churchill on 20 August 1940. The name stems from the specific line in the speech, \"Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few\", referring to the ongoing efforts of the Royal Air Force crews who were at the time fighting the Battle of Britain, the pivotal air battle with the German Luftwaffe with Britain expecting an invasion. Pilots","psg_id":"4211800"},{"title":"Nothing to Fear","text":"Fear\" received high regional sales and radio airplay at the time of its release, selling 125,000 copies in its original run. Elfman often used the negativity of critics to the band's advantage through publicity, stating: \"The music [the critics] like is inspirationless and contrived. If we start getting praise from this clique of six or eight reviewers, we'd probably have to evaluate where we went astray.\" Following the album's release, the band went on a successful tour opening for bands such as The Police and Fear. The song \"Wild Sex (In the Working Class)\" was later featured in the John","psg_id":"6311193"},{"title":"So Much Water So Close to Home","text":"had re-mixed some of Paul Kelly and the Coloured Girls' tracks from \"Gossip\" for its US release as by Paul Kelly and the Messengers. \"So Much Water So Close to Home\" was released on Mushroom/White Records in Australia and A&M Records in the United States and Europe in 1989. The title comes from a short story of the same name by author Raymond Carver. Album track, \"Everything's Turning to White\" is based on Carver's short story, it describes the tale of hunters/fishermen who find a dead woman's body but continue their trip for three days before reporting their discovery to","psg_id":"3486971"},{"title":"So Sorry, I Said","text":"Pet Shop Boys demo recording of \"So Sorry, I Said\", with lead vocals by Neil Tennant, was included on the expanded re-issue of their 1988 album Introspective in 2001. So Sorry, I Said \"So Sorry, I Said\" is the third single taken from the Liza Minnelli album \"Results\". The single was released on Epic Records in December 1989. The single stalled in the charts just outside the top 60 at #62. This may have been in part because the single offered fans nothing new—both tracks on the 7\" were lifted straight from the album, and the bonus material on the","psg_id":"10797757"},{"title":"The Grey Nurse Said Nothing","text":"only huge in numbers but rich in talent.\" He added that director Cahull's \"management of these big numbers, and the inventiveness by which he managed 'flashbacks' from courtroom to various Queensland scenes within a single studio, were an exciting break through the usual space and time limitations confining any live television play. The play itself... was generally very secure, though lacking the final polish needed to minimise the superficiality of much of it.\" The Grey Nurse Said Nothing The Grey Nurse Said Nothing is a TV play written by Sumner Locke Elliott. It was based on the Shark Arm case.","psg_id":"19519254"},{"title":"She Said She Said","text":"level – we couldn't relate to them on \"any\" level, because acid had changed us so much.\" At the party, the issue of taking LSD thereby became important to maintain band unity. While Starr agreed to try the drug, McCartney refused to partake. Fonda wrote for \"Rolling Stone\" magazine: As the group passed time in the large sunken tub in the bathroom, Fonda brought up his nearly fatal self-inflicted childhood gunshot accident, writing later that he was trying to comfort Harrison, who was overcome by fear that he might be dying. Fonda said that he knew what it was like","psg_id":"5558645"},{"title":"To Be Everywhere Is to Be Nowhere","text":"to spend enough time with their families. Several band members also experienced the death of a family member surrounding the production and release of \"Major/Minor\". Vocalist and guitarist Dustin Kensrue assured fans that Thrice would one day return. He said: \"Thrice is not breaking up. If nothing has broken us up by now, I doubt anything ever could. However, we will be taking a break from being a full-time band, and the upcoming tour in the Spring will be the last one for the foreseeable future.\" Released months after the band officially parted ways in 2012, the 24-song live album","psg_id":"19484129"},{"title":"So Much Better (song)","text":"So Much Better (song) \"So Much Better\" is a song by Swedish singer Sandro Cavazza, available on his debut extended play \"Sandro Cavazza\". In May 2017, a Lost Frequencies remixed version was a released as a digital single. In August 2017, an Avicii remix was included on Avicii's extended play \"Avīci (01)\" which saw the song debut on the Swedish singles chart at number 12. The music video for \"So Much Better\" was directed by Robin Kempe-Bergman, produced by Robinovich and released on 8 June 2017. Cavazza said, \"Recording the video for \"So Much Better\" was the most honest and","psg_id":"17621658"},{"title":"So Much Love to Give","text":"So Much Love to Give \"So Much Love to Give\" is a 2002 single released by French house duo Together, consisting of Thomas Bangalter and DJ Falcon. The 12\" single was released without a B-side. The song contains a sample of \"Love's Such a Wonderful Thing\" by The Real Thing. Together used the caption repeatedly throughout the song rather than being a one-liner as in the case of the Real Thing song. This sample was also prominently used by the band Freeloaders in their 2005 single also titled \"So Much Love to Give\". It was mastered at Propaganda Productions by","psg_id":"7986645"},{"title":"Much Ado About Nothing","text":"where Claudio and Hero are a homosexual couple, Claudia and Hana. Much Ado About Nothing Much Ado About Nothing is a comedy by William Shakespeare thought to have been written in 1598 and 1599, as Shakespeare was approaching the middle of his career. The play was included in the \"First Folio\", published in 1623. By means of \"noting\" (which, in Shakespeare's day, sounded similar to \"nothing\" as in the play's title, and which means gossip, rumour, and overhearing), Benedick and Beatrice are tricked into confessing their love for each other, and Claudio is tricked into rejecting Hero at the altar","psg_id":"9461337"},{"title":"Much Ado About Nothing","text":"Much Ado About Nothing Much Ado About Nothing is a comedy by William Shakespeare thought to have been written in 1598 and 1599, as Shakespeare was approaching the middle of his career. The play was included in the \"First Folio\", published in 1623. By means of \"noting\" (which, in Shakespeare's day, sounded similar to \"nothing\" as in the play's title, and which means gossip, rumour, and overhearing), Benedick and Beatrice are tricked into confessing their love for each other, and Claudio is tricked into rejecting Hero at the altar on the erroneous belief that she has been unfaithful. At the","psg_id":"9461306"},{"title":"Much Ado About Nothing (2012 film)","text":"great contemporary Shakespeare since Baz Luhrmann's Romeo and Juliet\". Christopher Schobert of IndieWire wrote, \"The result is an utter joy, Whedon's most emotionally resonant and fully realized feature film to date. And I say that as one who is not a devoted member of the Whedon army\". Sheila O'Malley of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" gave the film four out of four stars, noting that \"\"Much Ado About Nothing\" is one of the best films of the year\". BBC Radio 5 Live's Mark Kermode said of the film, \"One of the things that it manages to do is, firstly, make all the","psg_id":"16017664"},{"title":"Much Apu About Nothing","text":"as Fat Tony. The title of the episode is a parody of William Shakespeare's play \"Much Ado About Nothing\". Since airing, the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics. It acquired a Nielsen rating of 8.2, and was the fourth highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired. On an ordinary day, a brown bear strolls onto the streets of Springfield, frightening the town. The bear is eventually subdued by the police. Homer convinces Springfield that something needs to be done to protect them from bears, and the town takes their complaint to Mayor Quimby, who","psg_id":"5939589"},{"title":"So Much Water So Close to Home","text":"police. Kelly would go on to co-write the score for the 2006 Australian film \"Jindabyne\", which was also based on the same story. In 1991 Paul Kelly and the Messengers released their next album \"Comedy\". All tracks written by Paul Kelly. Paul Kelly and the Messengers Additional musicians Recording details So Much Water So Close to Home So Much Water So Close to Home is an album by Australian rock band Paul Kelly and the Messengers and was originally released in August 1989. The title comes from a short story of the same name by author Raymond Carver. Carver died","psg_id":"3486972"},{"title":"So Much Water So Close to Home","text":"So Much Water So Close to Home So Much Water So Close to Home is an album by Australian rock band Paul Kelly and the Messengers and was originally released in August 1989. The title comes from a short story of the same name by author Raymond Carver. Carver died in August 1988. Kelly co-wrote the score for the 2006 Australian film \"Jindabyne\", Paul Kelly had formed Paul Kelly and the Coloured Girls in 1985, named for Lou Reed's \"Walk on the Wild Side\". For international releases from 1987 they used the name Paul Kelly and the Messengers to avoid","psg_id":"3486969"},{"title":"Too Much of Nothing","text":"Too Much of Nothing \"Too Much of Nothing\" is a song written by Bob Dylan in 1967, first released by him on the album \"The Basement Tapes\" (1975). One of the most haunting themes of \"The Basement Tapes\" is an apprehension of the void. Shelton hears in this song an echo of the bald statement that Lear makes to his daughter Cordelia, \"Nothing will come of nothing\" (act I, scene 1). Marcus asserts that this was one of the songs recorded at the end of \"the basement summer\" in August or September 1967. He writes that these songs \"are taken","psg_id":"11102997"},{"title":"Who I Was Born to Be","text":"Who I Was Born to Be \"Who I Was Born to Be\" is the first original song recorded by Susan Boyle and appears on her multi-platinum debut album \"I Dreamed a Dream\". The song perfectly fit Susan Boyle's life, so much so that she has performed this song regularly over the years. After decades of trying to be a professional singer, Susan Boyle can truthfully sing \"I am who I was born to be.\" Moreover, the wording was so apt that Susan Boyle adopted a similar title for her autobiography, \"The Woman I Was Born to Be\". The lyrics were","psg_id":"17449958"},{"title":"I've Got So Much to Give","text":"and later improvising vocals towards the end of the song. I've Got So Much To Give ends with a fade similar to traditional ballads of the same type. The romantic lyrics used in the song helped craft White's sexual persona, and the unusual orchestral combination of instruments in an R&B song influenced the disco sound along with White's other mainly instrumental songs. I've Got So Much To Give was heavily acclaimed by Allmusic who felt it was obvious why the album reached the top of the R&B charts, despite the fact I've Got So Much To Give followed a formula","psg_id":"12151250"},{"title":"Fear of medical procedures","text":"or the things to expect during recovery; 69% said that they had received much information and half of the patients trusted the ophthalmologist to do his best. Although adults have less fear of surgery than children, the impact of this fear can still be just as great for both. Fear of surgery no matter who has it can be harmful to the patient if not taken care of properly before the surgery. Fear of surgery is not the only fear based on medical procedures that can be harmful to the health of those who experience it; fear of dental work","psg_id":"12782826"},{"title":"Much Ado About Nothing (1993 film)","text":"for \"Indecent Proposal\". \"Much Ado About Nothing\" was ranked #11 on Rotten Tomatoes list of Greatest Shakespeare Movies. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: Much Ado About Nothing (1993 film) Much Ado About Nothing is a 1993 British/American romantic comedy film based on William Shakespeare's play of the same name. It was adapted for the screen and directed by Kenneth Branagh, who also stars in the film. The film also stars Branagh's then-wife Emma Thompson, Robert Sean Leonard, Denzel Washington, Michael Keaton, Keanu Reeves, and Kate Beckinsale in her film debut. The film was released","psg_id":"4747530"},{"title":"I Have Said Nothing","text":"I Have Said Nothing \"I Have Said Nothing\" is an early work of hypertext fiction written by J. Yellowlees Douglas. In 1993 it was published by Eastgate Systems, Inc. in \"The Eastgate Quarterly Review of Hypertext (Winter 1994, volume 1 number 2)\", along with “Lust” by Mary-Kim Arnold. In 1997, Norton Anthology published an online (albeit truncated) version of the work, along with Michael Joyce's \"afternoon, a story\" as part of its print publication \"Norton Anthology of Postmodern American Fiction\". The plot of \"I Have Said Nothing\" involves two fatal car crashes. Two girlfriends of the narrator's brother are killed","psg_id":"20402671"},{"title":"Fear Is a Liar","text":"Fear Is a Liar \"Fear Is a Liar\" is the third single from Christian rock artist Zach Williams from his debut studio album \"Chain Breaker\". The song peaked at No. 3 on the Hot Christian Songs chart. It lasted 31 weeks on the overall chart. \"Fear Is a Liar\" was released as the third single from \"Chain Breaker\" on January 19, 2018, accompanied with a music video. The song's message is about maturing with God's love, and coming to the point that there is nothing to fear. The song was written by Williams, along with Jason Ingram, Jonathan Lindley Smith","psg_id":"20601479"},{"title":"So Sorry, I Said","text":"So Sorry, I Said \"So Sorry, I Said\" is the third single taken from the Liza Minnelli album \"Results\". The single was released on Epic Records in December 1989. The single stalled in the charts just outside the top 60 at #62. This may have been in part because the single offered fans nothing new—both tracks on the 7\" were lifted straight from the album, and the bonus material on the 12\" was already released on the \"Losing My Mind\" single. The song was later performed by Pet Shop Boys (the song's writers) on their 1991 Performance tour. The original","psg_id":"10797756"},{"title":"I Used to Spend So Much Time Alone","text":"10, Joe Goggings of \"Drowned in Sound\" said it is \"pretty in its sonic gloominess and witty in the way that it wears its anxieties on its sleeve, but what makes it special is the way that all of that is grounded by the sturdiest of anchors - the quiet optimism that friendship inspires.\" All tracks produced by Matthew Simms. Vocals for all songs recorded by Julia Shapiro, except \"Stuck\" recorded by Gretchen Grimm. I Used to Spend So Much Time Alone I Used to Spend So Much Time Alone is the third studio album by American indie rock band,","psg_id":"20057094"},{"title":"Much 'I Do' About Nothing","text":"dressed Blake Lively in a yellow floral bridesmaid dress designed by Ralph Lauren while Kelly Rutherford wore a custom-made Vera Wang wedding dress. Eric Daman considers Serena's Ralph Lauren bridesmaid dress as one of his eleven favorite looks from the series in a September interview for \"New York Magazine\". \"Much 'I Do' About Nothing\" was watched by 3.00 million of viewers, a series high since the Pilot. Much 'I Do' About Nothing \"Much 'I Do' About Nothing\" is the 18th episode of the CW television series, \"Gossip Girl\" as well as the series first season finale. The episode was written","psg_id":"14581113"},{"title":"Nothing to hide argument","text":"got nothing to fear\" has been used in the closed-circuit television program practiced in the United Kingdom. This argument is commonly used in discussions regarding privacy. Geoffrey Stone, a legal scholar, said that the use of the argument is \"all-too-common\". Bruce Schneier, a data security expert and cryptographer, described it as the \"most common retort against privacy advocates.\" Colin J. Bennett, author of \"The Privacy Advocates\", said that an advocate of privacy often \"has to constantly refute\" the argument. Bennett explained that most people \"go through their daily lives believing that surveillance processes are not directed at them, but at","psg_id":"17387844"},{"title":"So Much For Love","text":"said that \"even though The Wrecking has been around since 2007, it's only been recently that they've put their best foot forward. For clarifying background information, the fact that \"So Much For Love\" is finally released is astonishing in itself; delayed for months and months, The Wrecking has filled in the gaps with various EPs in the meantime. But with a limited release last February, this August finds the fourteen track project So Much For Love getting the grand release it deserves.\" Additionally, Gelwicks wrote \"as far as a pop rock venture, The Wrecking has continued to set a relatively","psg_id":"16761399"},{"title":"So Much to Tell You","text":"partially based on a true story. Marina's character is based on a fourteen-year-old girl and a woman named Kay Nesbit, whose face was damaged by a shotgun blast. In addition, the dedication in the beginning of the book identifies a certain John Mazur as the English teacher, Mr. Lindell, who gives Marina her diary assignment and is one of the people she places the most trust in. A play based on this book was written by the same author, John Marsden, in 1992. According to the author, he has always wanted to put \"So Much to Tell You\" on the","psg_id":"9116544"},{"title":"Who Wants to Be a Godparent?","text":"what we should be expecting from a show that's set itself much higher standards of creativity.\" Max Nicholson at \"IGN\" gave the episode 4.3/10 (Bad) and said that \"If a TV show had multiple sharks to jump, HIMYM's \"Who Wants to Be a Godparent?\" would have been one of them.\" \"Television Without Pity\"'s Ethan Alter gave the episode a D−. He describes the game show sequence as \"a lengthy, cringe-inducing montage of [Ted, Barney, and Robin] acting like maroons.\" Who Wants to Be a Godparent? \"Who Wants to Be a Godparent?\" is the fourth episode of the eighth season of","psg_id":"16800349"},{"title":"Fear","text":"historical context. For example, in the early 20th century, many Americans feared polio, a disease that can lead to paralysis. There are consistent cross-cultural differences in how people respond to fear. Display rules affect how likely people are to show the facial expression of fear and other emotions. Although many fears are learned, the capacity to fear is part of human nature. Many studies have found that certain fears (e.g. animals, heights) are much more common than others (e.g. flowers, clouds). These fears are also easier to induce in the laboratory. This phenomenon is known as preparedness. Because early humans","psg_id":"135273"},{"title":"I Used to Spend So Much Time Alone","text":"recording session of new material after the release of their second studio album \"Time to Go Home\", they told \"AAA Backstage\" that they have \"learned so much\" since \"Time to Go Home\", saying: \"Looking back on recording 'Time To Go Home', I really feel like we had no idea what we were doing. We've grown so much over the past couple years, as people and musicians.\" In an interview with \"Spin\", Chastity Belt's vocalist, Julia Shapiro said: \"That's something we realized, that we don't have to play joke songs in order to have fun. We can play serious songs and","psg_id":"20057084"},{"title":"So Much for So Little","text":"So Much for So Little So Much for So Little is a 1949 American short documentary film directed by Chuck Jones. In 1950, it won an Oscar at the 22nd Academy Awards for Documentary Short Subject, tying with \"A Chance to Live\". As a work of the United States Government, the film is in the public domain. The Academy Film Archive preserved \"So Much for So Little\" in 2005. Produced during the Harry S. Truman administration, it attained renewed relevance during the Donald Trump administration nearly seven decades later. The cartoon states that, annually, 118,481 babies out of 2 million","psg_id":"12025656"},{"title":"So Much For Love","text":"\"So Much For Love\" tackles themes otherwise purposely missed in the 'Christian circle'. Incorporating worship with rock, The Wrecking have shown to be a strength, and with buzz in both the mainstream and Christian industry, this album is almost certain to propel their career as they show everyone their faith and how it is intricately a part of their music. Well done The Wrecking for one of the most satisfying experiences of 2012!\" Indie Vision Music said the band is recommended if you like the following band: Building 429, The Afters, VOTA and Hawk Nelson. Jesus Freak Hideout's Roger Gelwicks","psg_id":"16761398"},{"title":"The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was","text":"undressed yourself to teach us fear..\" as in figuratively \"put something on, you've put yourself out to teach fear.\"). The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was \"The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was\" or \"The Story of a Boy Who Went Forth to Learn Fear\" () is a German folktale collected by the Brothers Grimm. It is tale number 4 in the collection. It was also included by Andrew Lang in \"The Blue Fairy Book\" (1889). The Grimms' first, 1812 edition contained a much shorter version, \"Good Bowling","psg_id":"7159859"},{"title":"I Have Said Nothing","text":"going.\" Hypertext author Stuart Moulthrop called the work \"superb...finely balanced between savagery and sympathy.\" I Have Said Nothing \"I Have Said Nothing\" is an early work of hypertext fiction written by J. Yellowlees Douglas. In 1993 it was published by Eastgate Systems, Inc. in \"The Eastgate Quarterly Review of Hypertext (Winter 1994, volume 1 number 2)\", along with “Lust” by Mary-Kim Arnold. In 1997, Norton Anthology published an online (albeit truncated) version of the work, along with Michael Joyce's \"afternoon, a story\" as part of its print publication \"Norton Anthology of Postmodern American Fiction\". The plot of \"I Have Said","psg_id":"20402674"},{"title":"Much Ado About Nothing (opera)","text":"on a 1985 double-LP Opera Viva issue conducted by Leslie Head. A Beatrice-Benedick duet from the same section (pages 46 to 54 of vocal score) was recorded 'live' at a Europe Day Concert at St John's, Smith Square, on 9 May 2013. Much Ado About Nothing (opera) Much Ado About Nothing is an opera in four acts by Charles Villiers Stanford (his Op. 76a), to a libretto by Julian Sturgis based on Shakespeare's play \"Much Ado About Nothing\". It was the composer's seventh completed opera. It premiered at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden on 30 May 1901, conducted by","psg_id":"14677312"},{"title":"So Much Like My Dad","text":"his mom for assistance. He wants to know what his dad always said to make his mom stay because his lover is going to leave him. Deborah Evans Price, of \"Billboard\" magazine reviewed the song favorably, calling it an \"elaborate and emotional production during which Strait's vocal is remarkably effective.\" \"So Much Like My Dad\" debuted at number 60 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of July 11, 1992. So Much Like My Dad \"So Much Like My Dad\" is a song written first recorded by Willie Nelson on his 1986 album \"Partners\". American","psg_id":"14605108"},{"title":"So Close, Yet So Far (Fear the Walking Dead)","text":"So Close, Yet So Far (Fear the Walking Dead) \"So Close, Yet So Far\" is the second episode of the first season of the post-apocalyptic horror television series \"Fear the Walking Dead\", which aired on AMC on August 30, 2015 in the United States. After the run-in with zombified Calvin, Nick, Madison, and Travis choose to flee to the desert, and they want Alicia, Liza, and Chris to follow. Alicia finds Matt ill in his disheveled house. Travis arrives and sees a bite on Matt, who convinces Alicia to leave. The group returns to Madison's home to gather supplies. Nick","psg_id":"18928815"},{"title":"Much Ado About Nothing (opera)","text":"Much Ado About Nothing (opera) Much Ado About Nothing is an opera in four acts by Charles Villiers Stanford (his Op. 76a), to a libretto by Julian Sturgis based on Shakespeare's play \"Much Ado About Nothing\". It was the composer's seventh completed opera. It premiered at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden on 30 May 1901, conducted by Luigi Mancinelli, when it was \"well, but not rapturously received by the public\", and given one further performance four days later. \"The Manchester Guardian\" commented, \"Not even in the \"Falstaff\" of Arrigo Boito and Giuseppe Verdi have the characteristic charm, the ripe","psg_id":"14677310"},{"title":"So Much to Tell You","text":"into nine languages and awarded many highly acclaimed literary awards including the Christopher Medal and the Victorian Premier's Award. It was declared the by the Children's Book Council. So Much to Tell You So Much to Tell You is a young adult novel by Australian author John Marsden, first published in 1987. It was his debut book. It was instantly successful in Australia and the US, and has since been translated into nine languages and awarded many highly acclaimed literary awards including the Christopher Medal and the Victorian Premier's Award. It was declared the by the Children's Book Council, and,","psg_id":"9116546"},{"title":"Never was so much owed by so many to so few","text":"that Churchill was not referring to just the fighter pilots but that his remarks were intended to refer to all allied aircrew, specifically including Bomber Command. A version of the title of the speech appears in Benjamin Clementine's \"Winston Churchill`s Boy\" song. Never was so much owed by so many to so few \"Never was so much owed by so many to so few\" was a wartime speech made by the British prime minister Winston Churchill on 20 August 1940. The name stems from the specific line in the speech, \"Never in the field of human conflict was so much","psg_id":"4211805"},{"title":"Much Ado About Nothing (2012 film)","text":"evoked a \"timeless romanticism\", which was additionally enhanced by the \"lightly applied score\". The \"Daily Mail\"s Chris Tookey said that the film was \"the first five-star movie of the summer\". Chris Nashawaty of \"Entertainment Weekly\"—despite commending it for being \"both daring and delightfully daffy\"—admits, \"The film isn't as fast and funny as it could be\". \"Much Ado About Nothing\" was released on Blu-ray Disc and DVD on October 8, 2013. The film's US Blu-ray Disc features 1080p video, DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1 surround, an UltraViolet digital copy, a music video for \"Sigh No More\" (one of the songs from the","psg_id":"16017668"},{"title":"So Much So Fast","text":"and his disease explore the fragility of life. The film also tracks his family's response to the drug companies that ignore his disease because there is not enough profit in curing it, and his brother, Jamie Heywood's, creation of the ALS Therapy Development Foundation research facility to find a cure for Stephen's disease in time. So Much So Fast So Much So Fast is a documentary film written and directed by Academy Award nominees Steven Ascher and Jeanne Jordan. It premiered in competition at the 2006 Sundance Film Festival, and won the Audience Award at the Boston Independent Film Festival.","psg_id":"8919358"},{"title":"Know Nothing","text":"in the Bennett Law campaign in Wisconsin in 1890. A similar culture war took place in Illinois in 1892, where Democrat John Peter Altgeld denounced the Republicans: The term has become a provocative slur, suggesting that the opponent is both nativist and ignorant. George Wallace's 1968 presidential campaign was said by \"Time\" to be under the \"neo-Know Nothing banner\". Fareed Zakaria wrote that politicians who \"encourage[d] Americans to fear foreigners\" were becoming \"modern incarnations of the Know-Nothings\". In 2006, an editorial in \"The Weekly Standard\" by neoconservative William Kristol accused populist Republicans of \"turning the GOP into an anti-immigration, Know-Nothing","psg_id":"11019204"},{"title":"What Must Be Said","text":"his publications have been opposed to Nazism, and that it is a mistake to link the poem to his membership of the Waffen-SS, given that he repudiated Nazi ideology. \"It is important to pay attention to the message of the poem,\" he said. German Health Minister Daniel Bahr told \"Die Welt\" that the Israeli government's reaction had been \"totally excessive\". Regarding the poem itself, he said that it was \"sad to see that someone who has experienced all the controversies of post-war Germany remains marked by so much prejudice and stubbornness\". Philipp Missfelder, chairman of the Junge Union and a","psg_id":"16425961"},{"title":"Mr. Moto Is So Sorry","text":"Army. At Moto’s suggestion, Prince Wu has Hamby killed because he killed Ahara. Moto and Japan win the rights to the Mongolian trade routes, thereby moving deeper into China. The West (and America in particular) is portrayed as an outsider who know nothing of what is going on in the East. Gates and Dillaway, the two Americans are oblivious to the machinations of the Japanese and the Russian armies as they wrestle for control of China. Millicent Bell, Marquand’s biographer said that Gates is, …a man under a cloud, whose mission to China is purely personal, and who is so","psg_id":"12706733"},{"title":"So Much for So Little","text":"John and babies everywhere. This documentary short appeared as bonus features in \"\" and \"\". It was remastered in \"Warner Bros. Home Entertainment Academy Awards Animation Collection: 15 Winners\" and \"Warner Bros. Home Entertainment Academy Awards Animation Collection\". So Much for So Little So Much for So Little is a 1949 American short documentary film directed by Chuck Jones. In 1950, it won an Oscar at the 22nd Academy Awards for Documentary Short Subject, tying with \"A Chance to Live\". As a work of the United States Government, the film is in the public domain. The Academy Film Archive preserved","psg_id":"12025658"},{"title":"Nothing to hide argument","text":"a British writer, argued that the \"nothing to hide\" argument is irrelevant to the placement of CCTV cameras in public places in the United Kingdom because the cameras are public areas where one is observed by many people he or she would be unfamiliar with and not in \"places where you hide\". In November 2015, British Conservative Party MP Richard Graham was accused of quoting Joseph Goebbels in defending a new surveillance bill with the words \"if you've nothing to hide you have nothing to fear\". Former Conservative Foreign Secretary William Hague also used the same phrase in 2013. In","psg_id":"17387858"},{"title":"Who Wants to Be a Superhero? (season 1)","text":"models. Lee, he said, was his hero. As he had before, Lee said how touched he was by Matthew's words. Nell said that her best moment during the show was when Lee told her he was proud of her. She said that her father was her hero. She believed that a strong man was the center of a strong family and that with her father growing older she knew that he wouldn't be with her much longer, so she cherished every day she had with him. Lee then told Fat Momma that she was one of his heroes. As the","psg_id":"10519234"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Fear Nothing\",\n \"text\": \"Fear Nothing Fear Nothing is a novel released in 1997 by the best-selling author Dean Koontz. The book is the first installment in what is reported to be a three-part series of books, known as the Moonlight Bay Trilogy, featuring Christopher Snow, who suffers from the rare (but real) disease called XP (xeroderma pigmentosum). The second in the trilogy, \\\"Seize the Night\\\", was released in 1999. No release date has yet been set for the release of the third book titled \\\"Ride the Storm\\\". \\\"Fear Nothing\\\" is in several ways a successor to 1987 Koontz novel \\\"Watchers\\\". \\\"Fear Nothing\\\", told\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7682904\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nothing to Fear\",\n \"text\": \"Nothing to Fear Nothing to Fear is the second studio album by American new wave band Oingo Boingo, released in 1982 on A&M Records. It was one of the first works produced by award-winning engineer Joe Chiccarelli. \\\"Nothing to Fear\\\" possesses a more hard-edged sound than the band's previous releases, featuring louder electric guitar and percussion, an increased and more varied use of synthesizers and the introduction of sequencers on some tracks. The songs also feature an unorthodox range of instruments, some of which were designed and built by the band. At the time of its release, Elfman declared \\\"Nothing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6311191\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nothing to Fear\",\n \"text\": \"Hughes film \\\"Sixteen Candles\\\". Oingo Boingo Additional personnel Nothing to Fear Nothing to Fear is the second studio album by American new wave band Oingo Boingo, released in 1982 on A&M Records. It was one of the first works produced by award-winning engineer Joe Chiccarelli. \\\"Nothing to Fear\\\" possesses a more hard-edged sound than the band's previous releases, featuring louder electric guitar and percussion, an increased and more varied use of synthesizers and the introduction of sequencers on some tracks. The songs also feature an unorthodox range of instruments, some of which were designed and built by the band. At\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6311194\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nothing Left to Fear (Andy Cherry album)\",\n \"text\": \"Cherry's passion for heartfelt worship hasn't gone unnoticed, and the weight placed on the Lord's glory seen in \\\"Nothing Left To Fear\\\" is proof.\\\" Louder Than the Music's Jamie Ervin said \\\"on a happy note, I give Andy Cherry a positive score and also positive potential. Can't wait for his second album.\\\" The Phantom Tollbooth's Derek Walker wrote that \\\"\\\"Nothing Left to Fear\\\" makes a great start.\\\" Stereo Subversion's Russell Bush said \\\"is not an album full of mere proclamations of devotion, but is infused with the honest questioning and lingering uncertainty that Andy has experienced throughout his journey.\\\" Nothing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16410607\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nothing Left to Fear (Andy Cherry album)\",\n \"text\": \"Nothing Left to Fear (Andy Cherry album) Nothing Left to Fear is the first studio album by Contemporary Christian musician Andy Cherry, released on March 6, 2012 by Essential Records. Alpha Omega News' Tom Frigoli said \\\"His debut project “Nothing Left To Fear” is a worship offering with ten well-crafted songs from a musician who’s on fire for his king. Cherry has created a very worshipful album that paints Christ in a very real, accessible way. Cherry isn’t afraid to admit that he hasn’t got life figured out and shares his hopes, fears, and joys with listeners in a very\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16410602\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fear Nothing\",\n \"text\": \"mystery. Frost hints at unusual, uncommonly intelligent animals escaping from the military base. He cryptically mentions that Christopher is protected by the legacy of his mother. Fear Nothing Fear Nothing is a novel released in 1997 by the best-selling author Dean Koontz. The book is the first installment in what is reported to be a three-part series of books, known as the Moonlight Bay Trilogy, featuring Christopher Snow, who suffers from the rare (but real) disease called XP (xeroderma pigmentosum). The second in the trilogy, \\\"Seize the Night\\\", was released in 1999. No release date has yet been set for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7682909\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nothing Left to Fear (Destiny album)\",\n \"text\": \"Nothing Left to Fear (Destiny album) Nothing Left to Fear is heavy metal/ progressive rock band Destiny's third album. It was released in autumn 1991 on both vinyl and CD. Destiny also produced their first promotional video for a track from this album, T\\\"he Evil Trinity\\\". The video has played on several major networks. Another two tracks from Beyond All Sense were re-recorded for this album - Sirens In The Dark and Rest in Peace. The praise from the media was uniformly positive . \\\"An almost perfect album\\\", said Martin Carlsson, the acclaimed Swedish metal writer . \\\"Don't miss this\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9366980\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Much to Tell You\",\n \"text\": \"have had long-term ramifications. \\\"So Much to Tell You\\\", based on a true story, is presented as a diary written by a 14-year-old girl known as Marina. Marina has a scarred face because she was the incidental victim of an incident involving acid, a wound given to her by her father, intended for her mother. She refused to talk to anyone during her long recovery period in hospital, so she was sent to Warrington, a girls' boarding school, because nothing else appeared to be working. But even after her arrival, she maintains her silence. Then, one day, her English teacher\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9116537\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nothing Left to Fear (film)\",\n \"text\": \"Rebecca to a gathering where they use her blood to destroy the Devil (Mary) and close the Gateway to Hell. The viewer then learns that the same thing happened to Noah and his family some years ago. Rebecca then takes Noah's place and is later seen killing a sheep, which attracts the attention of a new boy whose family is moving into the town. Plans to film \\\"Nothing Left to Fear\\\" were first announced in 2010, when Slash announced his intent to launch his production company Slasher Films with \\\"Nothing Left to Fear\\\" as its flagship film. Thomas Haden Church\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17737289\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nothing to Fear\",\n \"text\": \"To Fear\\\" to be \\\"far more 'Boingo'\\\" than the band's debut album, \\\"Only a Lad\\\". Initial vinyl pressings of the album contain a different mix of the song \\\"Private Life,\\\" featuring more prominent bass guitar and xylophone. The single version, which was subsequently used on all re-releases of the album, is 27 seconds shorter than the initial album mix, truncating the transition into the chorus, among other alterations. The song's release was accompanied by a music video, directed by Danny Elfman's brother Richard Elfman, founder of The Mystic Knights of the Oingo Boingo. Despite continuous condemnation from critics, \\\"Nothing to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6311192\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nothing Left to Fear (film)\",\n \"text\": \"The group arrive at the house, where Dan and Rebecca try to go inside to get Wendy and Mary. Noah grabs hold of Rebecca, telling her to stay outside, and that there's nothing she can do to help them. Dan proceeds inside to find Wendy dead and crumbling away on the couch. Dan stumbles back in fear, and sees Mary crawling towards him on the stairway. He runs out of the house screaming at Rebecca and Noah to start the car and drive away. They do so and Dan stays behind to try to free Mary, who has followed him\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17737287\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nothing Left to Fear (film)\",\n \"text\": \"Nothing Left to Fear (film) Nothing Left to Fear is a 2013 supernatural horror film directed by Anthony Leonardi III. The film received some coverage due to its association with the Guns N' Roses band member Slash, as this marked the first film produced through his production company Slasher Films. The film was first released on September 26, 2013 in Russia and received a limited theatrical release on October 4 of the same year in the United States, alongside a video on demand release, before being released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc the following Tuesday. The film was inspired by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17737280\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nothing Left to Fear (film)\",\n \"text\": \"moment on screen\\\" and that actors Heche and Tupper should write apology notes to their fans. In their review, \\\"The Hollywood Reporter\\\" joked on the film's title, saying that the \\\"title of this perfunctory horror film proves all too prophetic.\\\" \\\"Variety\\\" also gave a negative review and commented that the film \\\"features fewer small-town scares than a rerun of \\\"Dawson’s Creek\\\" and more wooden acting than a marionette theater\\\". Nothing Left to Fear (film) Nothing Left to Fear is a 2013 supernatural horror film directed by Anthony Leonardi III. The film received some coverage due to its association with the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17737293\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Much More (song)\",\n \"text\": \"2\\\" and \\\"Everybody Get Up\\\". However, Evan McGarvey of The Michigan Daily criticized Joe's performance, writing that \\\"his [Joe] does his best to scar\\\" the song \\\"with Bad-Ass-Rap-101-level verses\\\", although he praised the song's \\\"church-organ loop\\\" production. In her review of \\\"All or Nothing\\\", Alexis Kirke of musicOMH wrote that the song was \\\"a track to ignore\\\" and that \\\"the skip should be kept handy\\\" before listening. So Much More (song) \\\"So Much More\\\" is a song by American rapper Fat Joe, released as the first single from his sixth studio album, \\\"All or Nothing\\\" (2005). It was produced by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16155417\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fear Nothing\",\n \"text\": \"in the first person, follows 24 hours of Christopher Snow's life, as he discovers and attempts to unravel a mysterious and seemingly endless conspiracy centered on a military compound called Fort Wyvern. The book opens with Christopher Snow going to visit his dying father at the hospital. As Snow crosses the hospital to his father's room the lights are thoughtfully dimmed to protect him in his condition. Christopher’s father dying words of advice were \\\"Fear nothing, Chris. Fear nothing\\\". As he leaves the hospital Snow accidentally and serendipitously watches as his father’s body is switched with that of a drifter.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7682905\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Much Apu About Nothing\",\n \"text\": \"Much Apu About Nothing \\\"Much Apu About Nothing\\\" is the 23rd episode of \\\"The Simpsons\\\"<nowiki>'</nowiki> seventh season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 5, 1996. In the episode, a referendum is created that will require all illegal immigrants from Springfield to be deported. After learning that his friend Apu Nahasapeemapetilon will be deported, Homer decides to help Apu prepare for a United States citizenship test so that he can become a legal citizen. The episode was written by David S. Cohen, and directed by Susie Dietter. Joe Mantegna guest stars in the episode\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5939588\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Much Ado About Nothing\",\n \"text\": \"to marry his \\\"niece,\\\" who is actually Hero in disguise. Another motif is the play on the words \\\"nothing\\\" and \\\"noting\\\", which in Shakespeare's day were near-homophones. Taken literally, the title implies that a great fuss (\\\"much ado\\\") is made of something which is insignificant (\\\"nothing\\\"), such as the unfounded claims of Hero's infidelity and the unfounded claims that Benedick and Beatrice are in love with one another. The title could also be understood as \\\"Much Ado About Noting\\\". Much of the action is in interest in and critique of others, written messages, spying, and eavesdropping. This is mentioned several\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9461325\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Much More (song)\",\n \"text\": \"So Much More (song) \\\"So Much More\\\" is a song by American rapper Fat Joe, released as the first single from his sixth studio album, \\\"All or Nothing\\\" (2005). It was produced by Cool & Dre, who helped write the song with Joe. Lyrically, the song features Joe describing his personal advantages in several areas, including his \\\"hood buzz\\\", among other features. \\\"So Much More\\\" performed modestly on the charts, peaking at number eighty-one on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and also charting on several \\\"Billboard\\\" component charts, although it failed to appear on any major chart outside the United\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16155412\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nothing Is Sound\",\n \"text\": \"various shows on the tours. Every night on tour, the band would write parts to new songs, and test them out during the shows.\\\"There's nothing like playing a new song in front of real people with real opinions. The people at those shows, (the extended Switchfoot family), they shaped this song as much as anyone,\\\" lead singer Jon Foreman said. \\\"Nothing Is Sound\\\" is characterized as being a much \\\"darker\\\" album compared to Switchfoot's other releases. Jon Foreman even hinted that the album could be viewed as \\\"a dark chapter revealing even more mysteries to be solved\\\". Lyrically the songs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5236139\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"There Is So Much World to See\",\n \"text\": \"It was released on the album \\\"Bye Bye Blues\\\" (Jungle Records TCB-3131CD) in 2005. There Is So Much World to See \\\" There Is So Much World to See\\\" is a film song by Elvis Presley. It was featured in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer motion picture \\\"Double Trouble\\\" (1967). Elvis performs \\\"There Is So Much World to See\\\" to Jill Conway (Annette Day), while she is sitting on the bed. Presley recorded the song on June 28, 1966 at Radio Recorders, Hollywood. It was released on the soundtrack album \\\"Double Trouble\\\" (RCA Victor LPM 3787 (mono) and RCA Victor LSP 3787 (stereo))\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15455253\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"There Is So Much World to See\",\n \"text\": \"There Is So Much World to See \\\" There Is So Much World to See\\\" is a film song by Elvis Presley. It was featured in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer motion picture \\\"Double Trouble\\\" (1967). Elvis performs \\\"There Is So Much World to See\\\" to Jill Conway (Annette Day), while she is sitting on the bed. Presley recorded the song on June 28, 1966 at Radio Recorders, Hollywood. It was released on the soundtrack album \\\"Double Trouble\\\" (RCA Victor LPM 3787 (mono) and RCA Victor LSP 3787 (stereo)) in 1967. MGM producer was Jeffrey Alexander. Sue Moreno has also recorded a version.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15455252\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Much Apu About Nothing\",\n \"text\": \"episode's title is based on William Shakespeare's play \\\"Much Ado About Nothing\\\". The original title for the episode was going to be \\\"The Anti-Immigrant Song\\\", in reference to Led Zeppelin's song \\\"Immigrant Song\\\". A sign held by a protester outside the Kwik-E-Mart says \\\"The only good foreigner is Rod Stewart!\\\", a reference to the British singer. Brad Bird, an American director who has worked as executive consultant and director on \\\"The Simpsons\\\", can briefly be seen in the crowd that complains to Mayor Quimby. In its original broadcast, \\\"Much Apu About Nothing\\\" finished 49th in the ratings for the week\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5939597\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nothing Left to Fear (Destiny album)\",\n \"text\": \"album!\\\", was the response from Annika Sundbaum-Melin of Aftonbladet. \\\"It's the very intriguing arrangements that keeps your interest alive, the music mirrors more feelings than just the aggressive and that's good\\\", wrote Bert Gren of Göteborgsposten. Nothing Left to Fear (Destiny album) Nothing Left to Fear is heavy metal/ progressive rock band Destiny's third album. It was released in autumn 1991 on both vinyl and CD. Destiny also produced their first promotional video for a track from this album, T\\\"he Evil Trinity\\\". The video has played on several major networks. Another two tracks from Beyond All Sense were re-recorded for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9366981\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nothing to Fear (Once Upon a Time in Wonderland)\",\n \"text\": \"entire series, but I am more intrigued than ever as to how all this will play out.\\\" Nothing to Fear (Once Upon a Time in Wonderland) \\\"Nothing to Fear\\\" is the ninth episode of the \\\"Once Upon a Time\\\" spin-off series \\\"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland\\\". It also served as the series' spring premiere. Cyrus and Alice reluctantly work with the Red Queen to find Will but must also be prepared to defend themselves from Jafar (when he looks for the Jabberwocky upon being told about it by the Caterpillar) and local inhabitants wanting revenge on the Red Queen\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20349583\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nothing to Fear (Once Upon a Time in Wonderland)\",\n \"text\": \"Nothing to Fear (Once Upon a Time in Wonderland) \\\"Nothing to Fear\\\" is the ninth episode of the \\\"Once Upon a Time\\\" spin-off series \\\"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland\\\". It also served as the series' spring premiere. Cyrus and Alice reluctantly work with the Red Queen to find Will but must also be prepared to defend themselves from Jafar (when he looks for the Jabberwocky upon being told about it by the Caterpillar) and local inhabitants wanting revenge on the Red Queen for not protecting them from the beasts that hunt in their lands. Will has troubles of his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20349580\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Enter Without So Much as Knocking\",\n \"text\": \"Enter Without So Much as Knocking Enter Without So Much as Knocking is a poem written by Bruce Dawe. It can be found in the compilation, \\\"Sometimes Gladness: Collected Poems 1954 - 1992\\\". The poem has been set as a high school text around Australia. \\\"Enter Without So Much as Knocking\\\" was written in 1959 and displays an Australia during the advent of television. The post-war period of the 1950s and 1960s was a time of affluence when society and social values were changing. The poem follows one child in a typical nuclear family from birth through a rushed life,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9476724\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nothing So Strange\",\n \"text\": \"is a genre-bending experience that lives up to Daniel Webster's quote: 'There is nothing so powerful as truth, and often nothing so strange.'\\\" Jason Bovberg of DVD Talk rated it 3/5 stars and wrote, \\\"\\\"Nothing So Strange\\\" isn't quite the alternate-reality puzzle box that it aspires to be. It has an undeniably unique premise, but it quickly devolves into the mundane.\\\" Bill Gates himself stated, \\\"It is very disappointing that a moviemaker would do something like this.\\\" It won the \\\"New York Times\\\" Claiborne Pell Award for Original Vision. Nothing So Strange Nothing So Strange is a 2002 American mockumentary\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2357042\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Much Pretty\",\n \"text\": \"So Much Pretty So Much Pretty is the debut novel of Cara Hoffman, published by Simon & Schuster and released on March 15, 2011. \\\"So Much Pretty\\\" is about a young woman, Wendy White, who goes missing from her small town and is found murdered several months later. The novel then focuses on the investigation into her life, disappearance, and death by reporter Stacey Flynn. Publishers Weekly gave the novel a starred review, calling it a \\\"remarkable debut\\\". Booklist compared it to a mixture of \\\"The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo\\\" and \\\"The Lovely Bones\\\", and said Hoffman was a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15424585\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Much Pretty\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"talented new writer\\\". The LA Times said it was a \\\"skillful, psychologically acute tale\\\", concluding that \\\"... the payoff is more than worth the slow-building suspense\\\". So Much Pretty So Much Pretty is the debut novel of Cara Hoffman, published by Simon & Schuster and released on March 15, 2011. \\\"So Much Pretty\\\" is about a young woman, Wendy White, who goes missing from her small town and is found murdered several months later. The novel then focuses on the investigation into her life, disappearance, and death by reporter Stacey Flynn. Publishers Weekly gave the novel a starred review, calling\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15424586\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Much Apu About Nothing\",\n \"text\": \"succeeds as a savage satire on the scapegoating of immigrants. Homer has never been so frighteningly dumb, although he does come through with a rousing liberal speech.\\\" The episode is \\\"The Simpsons\\\" creator Matt Groening's third favorite episode of the show. The episode received a negative review from Dave Foster of DVD Times. He considered \\\"Much Apu About Nothing\\\" to be one of the season's most \\\"tiring\\\" episodes, \\\"mostly because Apu is not a strong enough character to focus an episode on no matter how much writer David Cohen develops him\\\". Foster commented that the episode deals with a political\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5939600\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"To Be Everywhere Is to Be Nowhere\",\n \"text\": \"becoming confused why they would sting him back, which Kensrue said \\\"seemed a fitting metaphor for much of U.S. foreign policy.\\\" The song \\\"Whistleblower\\\" is about Edward Snowden, who famously leaked NSA documents proving that the government was spying on American citizens without warrant. The song \\\"Death from Above\\\" was written from the perspective of an unmanned combat aerial vehicle (or drone) pilot. Kensrue said about half the tracks on \\\"To Be Everywhere Is to Be Nowhere\\\" follow this explicitly political theme, while the rest were described as being more broadly focused and touched on social or cultural concepts. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19484145\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fear of God\",\n \"text\": \"cared for man.\\\" Some translations of the Bible, such as the New International Version, sometimes replace the word \\\"fear\\\" with \\\"reverence\\\". It can also mean fear of God's judgment. The fear of God is felt because one understands the \\\"fearful expectation of judgement\\\". Still, this is not a fear that leads one to despair, rather it must be coupled with trust, and most importantly, love. In , it is said, \\\"If you, O Lord, kept a record of sins, O Lord, who could stand? But with you there is forgiveness; therefore you are feared.\\\" In the New Testament, this fear\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13083609\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Enter Without So Much as Knocking\",\n \"text\": \"the smile he lost in life and in addition gives him a \\\"healthy tan\\\". Also in death he had no worries about money and no fears about disintegrating, or of having bad breath or his hair falling out, but the \\\"show is over\\\" comparing life to a television show, and he has no materialistic concerns in the grave. Enter Without So Much as Knocking Enter Without So Much as Knocking is a poem written by Bruce Dawe. It can be found in the compilation, \\\"Sometimes Gladness: Collected Poems 1954 - 1992\\\". The poem has been set as a high school\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9476728\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Never was so much owed by so many to so few\",\n \"text\": \"who fought in the battle have been known as \\\"The Few\\\" ever since; at times being specially commemorated on 15 September, \\\"Battle of Britain Day\\\". Churchill apparently first used his famous words upon his exit from the Battle of Britain Bunker at RAF Uxbridge on 16 August when visiting the No. 11 Group RAF Operations Room during a day of battle. Afterwards, Churchill told Major General Hastings Ismay, 'Don't speak to me, I have never been so moved'. After several minutes of silence he said, 'Never in the history of mankind has so much been owed by so many to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4211801\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Much 'I Do' About Nothing\",\n \"text\": \"Much 'I Do' About Nothing \\\"Much 'I Do' About Nothing\\\" is the 18th episode of the CW television series, \\\"Gossip Girl\\\" as well as the series first season finale. The episode was written by Josh Schwartz & Stephanie Savage and directed by Norman Buckley. It originally aired on Monday, May 19, 2008 on the CW. Blair takes matters into her own hands to help Serena deal with the manipulative and evil Georgina Sparks who threatens to expose Serena's secret. Lily, while keeping Rufus in her mind, prepares for her wedding with Bart Bass that is designed to be the Upper\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14581111\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Much So Fast\",\n \"text\": \"So Much So Fast So Much So Fast is a documentary film written and directed by Academy Award nominees Steven Ascher and Jeanne Jordan. It premiered in competition at the 2006 Sundance Film Festival, and won the Audience Award at the Boston Independent Film Festival. \\\"So Much So Fast\\\" documents 5 years in the life of Stephen Heywood who, at 29, discovers he had the paralyzing neurodegenerative disease Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s disease). Determined to live as well as possible, Stephen gets married, has a son and rebuilds two houses. His and his wife Wendy’s observations of the world\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8919357\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nothing Left to Fear (Andy Cherry album)\",\n \"text\": \"as being not just another album, but forging its own identity, lyrically and musically. This is an album for those who want to journey deeper into the presence of the Lord.\\\" Jesus Freak Hideout's Roger Gelwicks wrote the album is \\\"Undoubtedly produced with an earnest heart for worship, the fruits of Cherry's labor found in \\\"Nothing Left To Fear\\\" succeeds in bringing an honest offering before the throne of God, and that's Cherry's intention. Some songs work better than others, but the fact still remains that more accomplished and exciting worship projects are more worthwhile to pick than Cherry's. Regardless,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16410606\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Much Love to Give\",\n \"text\": \"song \\\"So Much Love\\\". The music segment was utilized in Uniting Nations 2005 hit \\\"You and Me\\\". Only the music was used without the actual usage of the phrase \\\"So much love\\\" in the song. In 2014, the rapper OnCue released his own song \\\"So Much Love\\\" as a single, using the sample for \\\"So Much Love\\\". The track was produced by Hudson Mohawke and Just Blaze. So Much Love to Give \\\"So Much Love to Give\\\" is a 2002 single released by French house duo Together, consisting of Thomas Bangalter and DJ Falcon. The 12\\\" single was released without\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7986647\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Must Be Said\",\n \"text\": \"of so-called Western intellectuals, who are willing to sacrifice the Jewish people on the altar of crazy anti-Semites for a second time, just to sell a few more books or gain recognition\\\" and demanded that European leaders condemn the work. Avi Primor, former Israeli ambassador to the European Union and to Germany, argued that the poem violated a taboo of German public discourse, where there is a fear of criticizing Israel; Grass was drawing attention to the hypocrisy of saying behind closed doors what cannot be said in public. Primor added that there is no anti-Semitism in Grass's work, that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16425960\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Much Apu About Nothing\",\n \"text\": \"Scott Anthony of the \\\"Harvard Business Review\\\" describes this scene as a \\\"classic example\\\" of the informal fallacy of assuming that correlation implies causation. Mike Moffatt also called it \\\"the best all-time discussion of faulty reasoning\\\". Much Apu About Nothing \\\"Much Apu About Nothing\\\" is the 23rd episode of \\\"The Simpsons\\\"<nowiki>'</nowiki> seventh season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 5, 1996. In the episode, a referendum is created that will require all illegal immigrants from Springfield to be deported. After learning that his friend Apu Nahasapeemapetilon will be deported, Homer decides to help\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5939603\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Much to Tell You\",\n \"text\": \"across as fake and a selfish woman who only cares about herself. She sends Marina to boarding school supposedly to learn to speak again, but really her mother just wants her out of the way to make room for her new husband. Later in the book she goes to New York with her new partner whom she refers in her letters as JJ. Tony Jamison: Marina's father is not so much a significant character; however, he is always on Marina's mind. Marina is unsure about how to feel about him whether it be anger, grief, or forgiveness. The book is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9116543\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Much For Love\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"So Much For Love\\\" is filled to capacity with light rock goodness.\\\" Plus, Francesco wrote that \\\"So Much for Love proves to be a strong album from start to finish. It likely won't find way onto too many best-of lists come year's end (primarily because the band still seems to fly comfortably under the radar), but it's a strong and memorable entry into the band's growing catalogue.\\\" New Release Tuesday's Jay Wright said that \\\"there aren't many albums that are my favorite at first listen, but The Wrecking's \\\"So Much For Love\\\" is one of those albums! For one, it's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761402\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Much More (song)\",\n \"text\": \"quality meant that \\\"[\\\"All or Nothing\\\"] had some pretty high expectations riding in because of the two lead singles\\\" (\\\"So Much More\\\" and the following single \\\"Get It Poppin'\\\", a collaboration with rapper Nelly). Juon praised the song's lyrics as \\\"hardcore, and fuckin' funny as hell to boot\\\", and also commended Joe's decision to sing the chorus, noting that although this was surprising, Joe is \\\"a lot better at it [singing] than I am\\\". Allmusic writer Andy Kellman named \\\"So Much More\\\" as one of the best songs on the album, along with \\\"Safe 2 Say (The Incredible)\\\", \\\"Temptation Pt.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16155416\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Much to Tell You\",\n \"text\": \"So Much to Tell You So Much to Tell You is a young adult novel by Australian author John Marsden, first published in 1987. It was his debut book. It was instantly successful in Australia and the US, and has since been translated into nine languages and awarded many highly acclaimed literary awards including the Christopher Medal and the Victorian Premier's Award. It was declared the by the Children's Book Council, and, accordingly, its author hopes that it will act as a source of inspiration to other teens who have had to overcome trauma and challenges in their lives which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9116536\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Used to Spend So Much Time Alone\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"doesn't mess with the band's signature fuzzy guitar rock, so much as refine it. The album's instrumental depth allows the music to stretch, sway and gradually unfold to new places.\\\" About the album's lyrics, \\\"DIY\\\" writer El Hunt said, \\\"this record is centred on questions that can't be answered, and a nothingness that can't be filled.\\\" He added that the album \\\"isn't as callow as previous Chastity Belt records, and intentionally so, fully digging up the sadness that always lay ever-dormant beneath their tinny-swigging chaos, and leaving behind biting mockery for something that feels vaguer, and also more universal.\\\" Ryan\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20057091\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"As If to Nothing\",\n \"text\": \"were racing from Surrey to Monte Carlo in an Aston Martin DB9 and the TGV. \\\"Stay (Faraway, So Close!)\\\" is a cover version of the U2 song from their 1993 album \\\"Zooropa\\\", and contains a vocal performance recorded by Bono in 2001 while the band was on its Elevation Tour. As If to Nothing As If to Nothing is the second independent album by Scottish composer Craig Armstrong, featuring collaborations with Bono of U2, Mogwai, Photek, Evan Dando, King Crimson, and former Big Dish vocalist Steven Lindsay. It was released on 19 February 2002, on the EMI label in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6993798\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"To Be Everywhere Is to Be Nowhere\",\n \"text\": \"albums have lyrically focused on literary, biblical and occasional science-fiction themes, \\\"To Be Everywhere Is to Be Nowhere\\\" touches on various political, cultural and social themes for most of the album. Generally speaking about the album's lyrics, Kensrue said, \\\"I would definitely say that we've drawn a lot of our influence from the current state of politics, but I also like to personalize things when I write, and I've always written that way.\\\" The song \\\"Blood On the Sand\\\" (with the opening line: \\\"We wave our flags, we swallow fear like medicine / We kiss the hands of profiteers and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19484143\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nothing Left to Fear (film)\",\n \"text\": \"concept was \\\"not constricted by songwriting\\\" and was a \\\"great departure for [him]\\\". Critical reception for \\\"Nothing Left to Fear\\\" has been overwhelmingly negative, and the film currently holds a rating of 12 on Metacritic based upon reviews by 7 critics indicating \\\"overwhelming dislike.\\\" Ratings on Rotten Tomatoes are also negative; as of December 15, 2013, the film holds a rating of 8% \\\"rotten\\\" based upon 12 reviews. Critics panned the film as \\\"dull\\\" and criticized it for its lack of scares. \\\"Los Angeles Times\\\" remarked that \\\"director Anthony Leonardi III and writer Jonathan Mills have let not one scary\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17737292\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nothing Left to Fear (film)\",\n \"text\": \"was initially named as one of the stars of the film, but his name was later removed from the production for unspecified reasons. Clancy Brown and Ethan Peck were added to the cast in early 2012, joining Anne Heche and James Tupper. Filming began on May 14, 2012 in Covington, Louisiana and film rights for \\\"Nothing Left to Fear\\\" were purchased by Anchor Bay. Subsequent to production the film's screenplay credits were determined in arbitration by the Writers Guild of America - it was found that the original screenplay by Jonathan W.C. Mills had been extensively re-rewritten by producer Rob\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17737290\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Much Ado About Nothing (1993 film)\",\n \"text\": \"be none other than Hero herself. She and Claudio profess their true, undying love for each other, as do Beatrice and Benedick, who agree to marry. Benedick renounces his challenge against Claudio and embraces him. Moments later, Don John is marched in, having been captured before he could escape. Those gathered begin to dance, with the two happy couples at the middle. Don Pedro remains behind, still single, but happy for his friends. \\\"Much Ado About Nothing\\\" was filmed entirely at Villa Vignamaggio, Greve in Chianti, Florence. Tuscany, Italy. The music to \\\"Much Ado About Nothing\\\" was composed by frequent\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4747526\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Too Much of Nothing\",\n \"text\": \"on Fotheringay's debut album, as well as Albert Lee's \\\"Black Claw & Country Fever\\\" sessions. All three versions substituted \\\"Marion\\\" for \\\"Vivien\\\". Overdubbed 1975: Too Much of Nothing \\\"Too Much of Nothing\\\" is a song written by Bob Dylan in 1967, first released by him on the album \\\"The Basement Tapes\\\" (1975). One of the most haunting themes of \\\"The Basement Tapes\\\" is an apprehension of the void. Shelton hears in this song an echo of the bald statement that Lear makes to his daughter Cordelia, \\\"Nothing will come of nothing\\\" (act I, scene 1). Marcus asserts that this was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11103000\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Never was so much owed by so many to so few\",\n \"text\": \"Never was so much owed by so many to so few \\\"Never was so much owed by so many to so few\\\" was a wartime speech made by the British prime minister Winston Churchill on 20 August 1940. The name stems from the specific line in the speech, \\\"Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few\\\", referring to the ongoing efforts of the Royal Air Force crews who were at the time fighting the Battle of Britain, the pivotal air battle with the German Luftwaffe with Britain expecting an invasion. Pilots\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4211800\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nothing to Fear\",\n \"text\": \"Fear\\\" received high regional sales and radio airplay at the time of its release, selling 125,000 copies in its original run. Elfman often used the negativity of critics to the band's advantage through publicity, stating: \\\"The music [the critics] like is inspirationless and contrived. If we start getting praise from this clique of six or eight reviewers, we'd probably have to evaluate where we went astray.\\\" Following the album's release, the band went on a successful tour opening for bands such as The Police and Fear. The song \\\"Wild Sex (In the Working Class)\\\" was later featured in the John\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6311193\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Much Water So Close to Home\",\n \"text\": \"had re-mixed some of Paul Kelly and the Coloured Girls' tracks from \\\"Gossip\\\" for its US release as by Paul Kelly and the Messengers. \\\"So Much Water So Close to Home\\\" was released on Mushroom/White Records in Australia and A&M Records in the United States and Europe in 1989. The title comes from a short story of the same name by author Raymond Carver. Album track, \\\"Everything's Turning to White\\\" is based on Carver's short story, it describes the tale of hunters/fishermen who find a dead woman's body but continue their trip for three days before reporting their discovery to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3486971\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Sorry, I Said\",\n \"text\": \"Pet Shop Boys demo recording of \\\"So Sorry, I Said\\\", with lead vocals by Neil Tennant, was included on the expanded re-issue of their 1988 album Introspective in 2001. So Sorry, I Said \\\"So Sorry, I Said\\\" is the third single taken from the Liza Minnelli album \\\"Results\\\". The single was released on Epic Records in December 1989. The single stalled in the charts just outside the top 60 at #62. This may have been in part because the single offered fans nothing new—both tracks on the 7\\\" were lifted straight from the album, and the bonus material on the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10797757\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Grey Nurse Said Nothing\",\n \"text\": \"only huge in numbers but rich in talent.\\\" He added that director Cahull's \\\"management of these big numbers, and the inventiveness by which he managed 'flashbacks' from courtroom to various Queensland scenes within a single studio, were an exciting break through the usual space and time limitations confining any live television play. The play itself... was generally very secure, though lacking the final polish needed to minimise the superficiality of much of it.\\\" The Grey Nurse Said Nothing The Grey Nurse Said Nothing is a TV play written by Sumner Locke Elliott. It was based on the Shark Arm case.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19519254\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"She Said She Said\",\n \"text\": \"level – we couldn't relate to them on \\\"any\\\" level, because acid had changed us so much.\\\" At the party, the issue of taking LSD thereby became important to maintain band unity. While Starr agreed to try the drug, McCartney refused to partake. Fonda wrote for \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" magazine: As the group passed time in the large sunken tub in the bathroom, Fonda brought up his nearly fatal self-inflicted childhood gunshot accident, writing later that he was trying to comfort Harrison, who was overcome by fear that he might be dying. Fonda said that he knew what it was like\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5558645\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"To Be Everywhere Is to Be Nowhere\",\n \"text\": \"to spend enough time with their families. Several band members also experienced the death of a family member surrounding the production and release of \\\"Major/Minor\\\". Vocalist and guitarist Dustin Kensrue assured fans that Thrice would one day return. He said: \\\"Thrice is not breaking up. If nothing has broken us up by now, I doubt anything ever could. However, we will be taking a break from being a full-time band, and the upcoming tour in the Spring will be the last one for the foreseeable future.\\\" Released months after the band officially parted ways in 2012, the 24-song live album\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19484129\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Much Better (song)\",\n \"text\": \"So Much Better (song) \\\"So Much Better\\\" is a song by Swedish singer Sandro Cavazza, available on his debut extended play \\\"Sandro Cavazza\\\". In May 2017, a Lost Frequencies remixed version was a released as a digital single. In August 2017, an Avicii remix was included on Avicii's extended play \\\"Avīci (01)\\\" which saw the song debut on the Swedish singles chart at number 12. The music video for \\\"So Much Better\\\" was directed by Robin Kempe-Bergman, produced by Robinovich and released on 8 June 2017. Cavazza said, \\\"Recording the video for \\\"So Much Better\\\" was the most honest and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17621658\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Much Love to Give\",\n \"text\": \"So Much Love to Give \\\"So Much Love to Give\\\" is a 2002 single released by French house duo Together, consisting of Thomas Bangalter and DJ Falcon. The 12\\\" single was released without a B-side. The song contains a sample of \\\"Love's Such a Wonderful Thing\\\" by The Real Thing. Together used the caption repeatedly throughout the song rather than being a one-liner as in the case of the Real Thing song. This sample was also prominently used by the band Freeloaders in their 2005 single also titled \\\"So Much Love to Give\\\". It was mastered at Propaganda Productions by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7986645\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Much Ado About Nothing\",\n \"text\": \"where Claudio and Hero are a homosexual couple, Claudia and Hana. Much Ado About Nothing Much Ado About Nothing is a comedy by William Shakespeare thought to have been written in 1598 and 1599, as Shakespeare was approaching the middle of his career. The play was included in the \\\"First Folio\\\", published in 1623. By means of \\\"noting\\\" (which, in Shakespeare's day, sounded similar to \\\"nothing\\\" as in the play's title, and which means gossip, rumour, and overhearing), Benedick and Beatrice are tricked into confessing their love for each other, and Claudio is tricked into rejecting Hero at the altar\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9461337\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Much Ado About Nothing\",\n \"text\": \"Much Ado About Nothing Much Ado About Nothing is a comedy by William Shakespeare thought to have been written in 1598 and 1599, as Shakespeare was approaching the middle of his career. The play was included in the \\\"First Folio\\\", published in 1623. By means of \\\"noting\\\" (which, in Shakespeare's day, sounded similar to \\\"nothing\\\" as in the play's title, and which means gossip, rumour, and overhearing), Benedick and Beatrice are tricked into confessing their love for each other, and Claudio is tricked into rejecting Hero at the altar on the erroneous belief that she has been unfaithful. At the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9461306\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Much Ado About Nothing (2012 film)\",\n \"text\": \"great contemporary Shakespeare since Baz Luhrmann's Romeo and Juliet\\\". Christopher Schobert of IndieWire wrote, \\\"The result is an utter joy, Whedon's most emotionally resonant and fully realized feature film to date. And I say that as one who is not a devoted member of the Whedon army\\\". Sheila O'Malley of the \\\"Chicago Sun-Times\\\" gave the film four out of four stars, noting that \\\"\\\"Much Ado About Nothing\\\" is one of the best films of the year\\\". BBC Radio 5 Live's Mark Kermode said of the film, \\\"One of the things that it manages to do is, firstly, make all the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16017664\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Much Apu About Nothing\",\n \"text\": \"as Fat Tony. The title of the episode is a parody of William Shakespeare's play \\\"Much Ado About Nothing\\\". Since airing, the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics. It acquired a Nielsen rating of 8.2, and was the fourth highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired. On an ordinary day, a brown bear strolls onto the streets of Springfield, frightening the town. The bear is eventually subdued by the police. Homer convinces Springfield that something needs to be done to protect them from bears, and the town takes their complaint to Mayor Quimby, who\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5939589\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Much Water So Close to Home\",\n \"text\": \"police. Kelly would go on to co-write the score for the 2006 Australian film \\\"Jindabyne\\\", which was also based on the same story. In 1991 Paul Kelly and the Messengers released their next album \\\"Comedy\\\". All tracks written by Paul Kelly. Paul Kelly and the Messengers Additional musicians Recording details So Much Water So Close to Home So Much Water So Close to Home is an album by Australian rock band Paul Kelly and the Messengers and was originally released in August 1989. The title comes from a short story of the same name by author Raymond Carver. Carver died\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3486972\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Much Water So Close to Home\",\n \"text\": \"So Much Water So Close to Home So Much Water So Close to Home is an album by Australian rock band Paul Kelly and the Messengers and was originally released in August 1989. The title comes from a short story of the same name by author Raymond Carver. Carver died in August 1988. Kelly co-wrote the score for the 2006 Australian film \\\"Jindabyne\\\", Paul Kelly had formed Paul Kelly and the Coloured Girls in 1985, named for Lou Reed's \\\"Walk on the Wild Side\\\". For international releases from 1987 they used the name Paul Kelly and the Messengers to avoid\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3486969\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Too Much of Nothing\",\n \"text\": \"Too Much of Nothing \\\"Too Much of Nothing\\\" is a song written by Bob Dylan in 1967, first released by him on the album \\\"The Basement Tapes\\\" (1975). One of the most haunting themes of \\\"The Basement Tapes\\\" is an apprehension of the void. Shelton hears in this song an echo of the bald statement that Lear makes to his daughter Cordelia, \\\"Nothing will come of nothing\\\" (act I, scene 1). Marcus asserts that this was one of the songs recorded at the end of \\\"the basement summer\\\" in August or September 1967. He writes that these songs \\\"are taken\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11102997\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Who I Was Born to Be\",\n \"text\": \"Who I Was Born to Be \\\"Who I Was Born to Be\\\" is the first original song recorded by Susan Boyle and appears on her multi-platinum debut album \\\"I Dreamed a Dream\\\". The song perfectly fit Susan Boyle's life, so much so that she has performed this song regularly over the years. After decades of trying to be a professional singer, Susan Boyle can truthfully sing \\\"I am who I was born to be.\\\" Moreover, the wording was so apt that Susan Boyle adopted a similar title for her autobiography, \\\"The Woman I Was Born to Be\\\". The lyrics were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17449958\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I've Got So Much to Give\",\n \"text\": \"and later improvising vocals towards the end of the song. I've Got So Much To Give ends with a fade similar to traditional ballads of the same type. The romantic lyrics used in the song helped craft White's sexual persona, and the unusual orchestral combination of instruments in an R&B song influenced the disco sound along with White's other mainly instrumental songs. I've Got So Much To Give was heavily acclaimed by Allmusic who felt it was obvious why the album reached the top of the R&B charts, despite the fact I've Got So Much To Give followed a formula\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12151250\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fear of medical procedures\",\n \"text\": \"or the things to expect during recovery; 69% said that they had received much information and half of the patients trusted the ophthalmologist to do his best. Although adults have less fear of surgery than children, the impact of this fear can still be just as great for both. Fear of surgery no matter who has it can be harmful to the patient if not taken care of properly before the surgery. Fear of surgery is not the only fear based on medical procedures that can be harmful to the health of those who experience it; fear of dental work\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12782826\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Much Ado About Nothing (1993 film)\",\n \"text\": \"for \\\"Indecent Proposal\\\". \\\"Much Ado About Nothing\\\" was ranked #11 on Rotten Tomatoes list of Greatest Shakespeare Movies. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: Much Ado About Nothing (1993 film) Much Ado About Nothing is a 1993 British/American romantic comedy film based on William Shakespeare's play of the same name. It was adapted for the screen and directed by Kenneth Branagh, who also stars in the film. The film also stars Branagh's then-wife Emma Thompson, Robert Sean Leonard, Denzel Washington, Michael Keaton, Keanu Reeves, and Kate Beckinsale in her film debut. The film was released\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4747530\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Have Said Nothing\",\n \"text\": \"I Have Said Nothing \\\"I Have Said Nothing\\\" is an early work of hypertext fiction written by J. Yellowlees Douglas. In 1993 it was published by Eastgate Systems, Inc. in \\\"The Eastgate Quarterly Review of Hypertext (Winter 1994, volume 1 number 2)\\\", along with “Lust” by Mary-Kim Arnold. In 1997, Norton Anthology published an online (albeit truncated) version of the work, along with Michael Joyce's \\\"afternoon, a story\\\" as part of its print publication \\\"Norton Anthology of Postmodern American Fiction\\\". The plot of \\\"I Have Said Nothing\\\" involves two fatal car crashes. Two girlfriends of the narrator's brother are killed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20402671\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fear Is a Liar\",\n \"text\": \"Fear Is a Liar \\\"Fear Is a Liar\\\" is the third single from Christian rock artist Zach Williams from his debut studio album \\\"Chain Breaker\\\". The song peaked at No. 3 on the Hot Christian Songs chart. It lasted 31 weeks on the overall chart. \\\"Fear Is a Liar\\\" was released as the third single from \\\"Chain Breaker\\\" on January 19, 2018, accompanied with a music video. The song's message is about maturing with God's love, and coming to the point that there is nothing to fear. The song was written by Williams, along with Jason Ingram, Jonathan Lindley Smith\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20601479\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Sorry, I Said\",\n \"text\": \"So Sorry, I Said \\\"So Sorry, I Said\\\" is the third single taken from the Liza Minnelli album \\\"Results\\\". The single was released on Epic Records in December 1989. The single stalled in the charts just outside the top 60 at #62. This may have been in part because the single offered fans nothing new—both tracks on the 7\\\" were lifted straight from the album, and the bonus material on the 12\\\" was already released on the \\\"Losing My Mind\\\" single. The song was later performed by Pet Shop Boys (the song's writers) on their 1991 Performance tour. The original\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10797756\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Used to Spend So Much Time Alone\",\n \"text\": \"10, Joe Goggings of \\\"Drowned in Sound\\\" said it is \\\"pretty in its sonic gloominess and witty in the way that it wears its anxieties on its sleeve, but what makes it special is the way that all of that is grounded by the sturdiest of anchors - the quiet optimism that friendship inspires.\\\" All tracks produced by Matthew Simms. Vocals for all songs recorded by Julia Shapiro, except \\\"Stuck\\\" recorded by Gretchen Grimm. I Used to Spend So Much Time Alone I Used to Spend So Much Time Alone is the third studio album by American indie rock band,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20057094\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Much 'I Do' About Nothing\",\n \"text\": \"dressed Blake Lively in a yellow floral bridesmaid dress designed by Ralph Lauren while Kelly Rutherford wore a custom-made Vera Wang wedding dress. Eric Daman considers Serena's Ralph Lauren bridesmaid dress as one of his eleven favorite looks from the series in a September interview for \\\"New York Magazine\\\". \\\"Much 'I Do' About Nothing\\\" was watched by 3.00 million of viewers, a series high since the Pilot. Much 'I Do' About Nothing \\\"Much 'I Do' About Nothing\\\" is the 18th episode of the CW television series, \\\"Gossip Girl\\\" as well as the series first season finale. The episode was written\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14581113\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nothing to hide argument\",\n \"text\": \"got nothing to fear\\\" has been used in the closed-circuit television program practiced in the United Kingdom. This argument is commonly used in discussions regarding privacy. Geoffrey Stone, a legal scholar, said that the use of the argument is \\\"all-too-common\\\". Bruce Schneier, a data security expert and cryptographer, described it as the \\\"most common retort against privacy advocates.\\\" Colin J. Bennett, author of \\\"The Privacy Advocates\\\", said that an advocate of privacy often \\\"has to constantly refute\\\" the argument. Bennett explained that most people \\\"go through their daily lives believing that surveillance processes are not directed at them, but at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17387844\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Much For Love\",\n \"text\": \"said that \\\"even though The Wrecking has been around since 2007, it's only been recently that they've put their best foot forward. For clarifying background information, the fact that \\\"So Much For Love\\\" is finally released is astonishing in itself; delayed for months and months, The Wrecking has filled in the gaps with various EPs in the meantime. But with a limited release last February, this August finds the fourteen track project So Much For Love getting the grand release it deserves.\\\" Additionally, Gelwicks wrote \\\"as far as a pop rock venture, The Wrecking has continued to set a relatively\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761399\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Much to Tell You\",\n \"text\": \"partially based on a true story. Marina's character is based on a fourteen-year-old girl and a woman named Kay Nesbit, whose face was damaged by a shotgun blast. In addition, the dedication in the beginning of the book identifies a certain John Mazur as the English teacher, Mr. Lindell, who gives Marina her diary assignment and is one of the people she places the most trust in. A play based on this book was written by the same author, John Marsden, in 1992. According to the author, he has always wanted to put \\\"So Much to Tell You\\\" on the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9116544\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Who Wants to Be a Godparent?\",\n \"text\": \"what we should be expecting from a show that's set itself much higher standards of creativity.\\\" Max Nicholson at \\\"IGN\\\" gave the episode 4.3/10 (Bad) and said that \\\"If a TV show had multiple sharks to jump, HIMYM's \\\"Who Wants to Be a Godparent?\\\" would have been one of them.\\\" \\\"Television Without Pity\\\"'s Ethan Alter gave the episode a D−. He describes the game show sequence as \\\"a lengthy, cringe-inducing montage of [Ted, Barney, and Robin] acting like maroons.\\\" Who Wants to Be a Godparent? \\\"Who Wants to Be a Godparent?\\\" is the fourth episode of the eighth season of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16800349\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fear\",\n \"text\": \"historical context. For example, in the early 20th century, many Americans feared polio, a disease that can lead to paralysis. There are consistent cross-cultural differences in how people respond to fear. Display rules affect how likely people are to show the facial expression of fear and other emotions. Although many fears are learned, the capacity to fear is part of human nature. Many studies have found that certain fears (e.g. animals, heights) are much more common than others (e.g. flowers, clouds). These fears are also easier to induce in the laboratory. This phenomenon is known as preparedness. Because early humans\",\n \"psg_id\": \"135273\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Used to Spend So Much Time Alone\",\n \"text\": \"recording session of new material after the release of their second studio album \\\"Time to Go Home\\\", they told \\\"AAA Backstage\\\" that they have \\\"learned so much\\\" since \\\"Time to Go Home\\\", saying: \\\"Looking back on recording 'Time To Go Home', I really feel like we had no idea what we were doing. We've grown so much over the past couple years, as people and musicians.\\\" In an interview with \\\"Spin\\\", Chastity Belt's vocalist, Julia Shapiro said: \\\"That's something we realized, that we don't have to play joke songs in order to have fun. We can play serious songs and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20057084\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Much for So Little\",\n \"text\": \"So Much for So Little So Much for So Little is a 1949 American short documentary film directed by Chuck Jones. In 1950, it won an Oscar at the 22nd Academy Awards for Documentary Short Subject, tying with \\\"A Chance to Live\\\". As a work of the United States Government, the film is in the public domain. The Academy Film Archive preserved \\\"So Much for So Little\\\" in 2005. Produced during the Harry S. Truman administration, it attained renewed relevance during the Donald Trump administration nearly seven decades later. The cartoon states that, annually, 118,481 babies out of 2 million\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12025656\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Much For Love\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"So Much For Love\\\" tackles themes otherwise purposely missed in the 'Christian circle'. Incorporating worship with rock, The Wrecking have shown to be a strength, and with buzz in both the mainstream and Christian industry, this album is almost certain to propel their career as they show everyone their faith and how it is intricately a part of their music. Well done The Wrecking for one of the most satisfying experiences of 2012!\\\" Indie Vision Music said the band is recommended if you like the following band: Building 429, The Afters, VOTA and Hawk Nelson. Jesus Freak Hideout's Roger Gelwicks\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761398\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was\",\n \"text\": \"undressed yourself to teach us fear..\\\" as in figuratively \\\"put something on, you've put yourself out to teach fear.\\\"). The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was \\\"The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was\\\" or \\\"The Story of a Boy Who Went Forth to Learn Fear\\\" () is a German folktale collected by the Brothers Grimm. It is tale number 4 in the collection. It was also included by Andrew Lang in \\\"The Blue Fairy Book\\\" (1889). The Grimms' first, 1812 edition contained a much shorter version, \\\"Good Bowling\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7159859\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Have Said Nothing\",\n \"text\": \"going.\\\" Hypertext author Stuart Moulthrop called the work \\\"superb...finely balanced between savagery and sympathy.\\\" I Have Said Nothing \\\"I Have Said Nothing\\\" is an early work of hypertext fiction written by J. Yellowlees Douglas. In 1993 it was published by Eastgate Systems, Inc. in \\\"The Eastgate Quarterly Review of Hypertext (Winter 1994, volume 1 number 2)\\\", along with “Lust” by Mary-Kim Arnold. In 1997, Norton Anthology published an online (albeit truncated) version of the work, along with Michael Joyce's \\\"afternoon, a story\\\" as part of its print publication \\\"Norton Anthology of Postmodern American Fiction\\\". The plot of \\\"I Have Said\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20402674\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Much Ado About Nothing (opera)\",\n \"text\": \"on a 1985 double-LP Opera Viva issue conducted by Leslie Head. A Beatrice-Benedick duet from the same section (pages 46 to 54 of vocal score) was recorded 'live' at a Europe Day Concert at St John's, Smith Square, on 9 May 2013. Much Ado About Nothing (opera) Much Ado About Nothing is an opera in four acts by Charles Villiers Stanford (his Op. 76a), to a libretto by Julian Sturgis based on Shakespeare's play \\\"Much Ado About Nothing\\\". It was the composer's seventh completed opera. It premiered at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden on 30 May 1901, conducted by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14677312\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Much Like My Dad\",\n \"text\": \"his mom for assistance. He wants to know what his dad always said to make his mom stay because his lover is going to leave him. Deborah Evans Price, of \\\"Billboard\\\" magazine reviewed the song favorably, calling it an \\\"elaborate and emotional production during which Strait's vocal is remarkably effective.\\\" \\\"So Much Like My Dad\\\" debuted at number 60 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of July 11, 1992. So Much Like My Dad \\\"So Much Like My Dad\\\" is a song written first recorded by Willie Nelson on his 1986 album \\\"Partners\\\". American\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14605108\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Close, Yet So Far (Fear the Walking Dead)\",\n \"text\": \"So Close, Yet So Far (Fear the Walking Dead) \\\"So Close, Yet So Far\\\" is the second episode of the first season of the post-apocalyptic horror television series \\\"Fear the Walking Dead\\\", which aired on AMC on August 30, 2015 in the United States. After the run-in with zombified Calvin, Nick, Madison, and Travis choose to flee to the desert, and they want Alicia, Liza, and Chris to follow. Alicia finds Matt ill in his disheveled house. Travis arrives and sees a bite on Matt, who convinces Alicia to leave. The group returns to Madison's home to gather supplies. Nick\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18928815\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Much Ado About Nothing (opera)\",\n \"text\": \"Much Ado About Nothing (opera) Much Ado About Nothing is an opera in four acts by Charles Villiers Stanford (his Op. 76a), to a libretto by Julian Sturgis based on Shakespeare's play \\\"Much Ado About Nothing\\\". It was the composer's seventh completed opera. It premiered at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden on 30 May 1901, conducted by Luigi Mancinelli, when it was \\\"well, but not rapturously received by the public\\\", and given one further performance four days later. \\\"The Manchester Guardian\\\" commented, \\\"Not even in the \\\"Falstaff\\\" of Arrigo Boito and Giuseppe Verdi have the characteristic charm, the ripe\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14677310\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Much to Tell You\",\n \"text\": \"into nine languages and awarded many highly acclaimed literary awards including the Christopher Medal and the Victorian Premier's Award. It was declared the by the Children's Book Council. So Much to Tell You So Much to Tell You is a young adult novel by Australian author John Marsden, first published in 1987. It was his debut book. It was instantly successful in Australia and the US, and has since been translated into nine languages and awarded many highly acclaimed literary awards including the Christopher Medal and the Victorian Premier's Award. It was declared the by the Children's Book Council, and,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9116546\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Never was so much owed by so many to so few\",\n \"text\": \"that Churchill was not referring to just the fighter pilots but that his remarks were intended to refer to all allied aircrew, specifically including Bomber Command. A version of the title of the speech appears in Benjamin Clementine's \\\"Winston Churchill`s Boy\\\" song. Never was so much owed by so many to so few \\\"Never was so much owed by so many to so few\\\" was a wartime speech made by the British prime minister Winston Churchill on 20 August 1940. The name stems from the specific line in the speech, \\\"Never in the field of human conflict was so much\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4211805\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Much Ado About Nothing (2012 film)\",\n \"text\": \"evoked a \\\"timeless romanticism\\\", which was additionally enhanced by the \\\"lightly applied score\\\". The \\\"Daily Mail\\\"s Chris Tookey said that the film was \\\"the first five-star movie of the summer\\\". Chris Nashawaty of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\"—despite commending it for being \\\"both daring and delightfully daffy\\\"—admits, \\\"The film isn't as fast and funny as it could be\\\". \\\"Much Ado About Nothing\\\" was released on Blu-ray Disc and DVD on October 8, 2013. The film's US Blu-ray Disc features 1080p video, DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1 surround, an UltraViolet digital copy, a music video for \\\"Sigh No More\\\" (one of the songs from the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16017668\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Much So Fast\",\n \"text\": \"and his disease explore the fragility of life. The film also tracks his family's response to the drug companies that ignore his disease because there is not enough profit in curing it, and his brother, Jamie Heywood's, creation of the ALS Therapy Development Foundation research facility to find a cure for Stephen's disease in time. So Much So Fast So Much So Fast is a documentary film written and directed by Academy Award nominees Steven Ascher and Jeanne Jordan. It premiered in competition at the 2006 Sundance Film Festival, and won the Audience Award at the Boston Independent Film Festival.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8919358\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Know Nothing\",\n \"text\": \"in the Bennett Law campaign in Wisconsin in 1890. A similar culture war took place in Illinois in 1892, where Democrat John Peter Altgeld denounced the Republicans: The term has become a provocative slur, suggesting that the opponent is both nativist and ignorant. George Wallace's 1968 presidential campaign was said by \\\"Time\\\" to be under the \\\"neo-Know Nothing banner\\\". Fareed Zakaria wrote that politicians who \\\"encourage[d] Americans to fear foreigners\\\" were becoming \\\"modern incarnations of the Know-Nothings\\\". In 2006, an editorial in \\\"The Weekly Standard\\\" by neoconservative William Kristol accused populist Republicans of \\\"turning the GOP into an anti-immigration, Know-Nothing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11019204\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Must Be Said\",\n \"text\": \"his publications have been opposed to Nazism, and that it is a mistake to link the poem to his membership of the Waffen-SS, given that he repudiated Nazi ideology. \\\"It is important to pay attention to the message of the poem,\\\" he said. German Health Minister Daniel Bahr told \\\"Die Welt\\\" that the Israeli government's reaction had been \\\"totally excessive\\\". Regarding the poem itself, he said that it was \\\"sad to see that someone who has experienced all the controversies of post-war Germany remains marked by so much prejudice and stubbornness\\\". Philipp Missfelder, chairman of the Junge Union and a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16425961\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mr. Moto Is So Sorry\",\n \"text\": \"Army. At Moto’s suggestion, Prince Wu has Hamby killed because he killed Ahara. Moto and Japan win the rights to the Mongolian trade routes, thereby moving deeper into China. The West (and America in particular) is portrayed as an outsider who know nothing of what is going on in the East. Gates and Dillaway, the two Americans are oblivious to the machinations of the Japanese and the Russian armies as they wrestle for control of China. Millicent Bell, Marquand’s biographer said that Gates is, …a man under a cloud, whose mission to China is purely personal, and who is so\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12706733\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So Much for So Little\",\n \"text\": \"John and babies everywhere. This documentary short appeared as bonus features in \\\"\\\" and \\\"\\\". It was remastered in \\\"Warner Bros. Home Entertainment Academy Awards Animation Collection: 15 Winners\\\" and \\\"Warner Bros. Home Entertainment Academy Awards Animation Collection\\\". So Much for So Little So Much for So Little is a 1949 American short documentary film directed by Chuck Jones. In 1950, it won an Oscar at the 22nd Academy Awards for Documentary Short Subject, tying with \\\"A Chance to Live\\\". As a work of the United States Government, the film is in the public domain. The Academy Film Archive preserved\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12025658\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nothing to hide argument\",\n \"text\": \"a British writer, argued that the \\\"nothing to hide\\\" argument is irrelevant to the placement of CCTV cameras in public places in the United Kingdom because the cameras are public areas where one is observed by many people he or she would be unfamiliar with and not in \\\"places where you hide\\\". In November 2015, British Conservative Party MP Richard Graham was accused of quoting Joseph Goebbels in defending a new surveillance bill with the words \\\"if you've nothing to hide you have nothing to fear\\\". Former Conservative Foreign Secretary William Hague also used the same phrase in 2013. In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17387858\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Who Wants to Be a Superhero? (season 1)\",\n \"text\": \"models. Lee, he said, was his hero. As he had before, Lee said how touched he was by Matthew's words. Nell said that her best moment during the show was when Lee told her he was proud of her. She said that her father was her hero. She believed that a strong man was the center of a strong family and that with her father growing older she knew that he wouldn't be with her much longer, so she cherished every day she had with him. Lee then told Fat Momma that she was one of his heroes. As the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10519234\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["henry david thoreau, in his 14-volume journal, published posthumously in 1906"],"string":"[\n \"henry david thoreau, in his 14-volume journal, published posthumously in 1906\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":291,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what was the name of elizabeth barrett browning's pet golden cocker spaniel ?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"of Edward's trip to Torquay. She wrote to Mitford, \"That was a very near escape from madness, absolute hopeless madness\". The family returned to Wimpole Street in 1841. At Wimpole Street Barrett Browning spent most of her time in her upstairs room. Her health began to improve, though she saw few people other than her immediate family. One of those was Kenyon, a wealthy friend of the family and patron of the arts. She received comfort from a spaniel named Flush, a gift from Mary Mitford. (Virginia Woolf later fictionalised the life of the dog, making him the protagonist of","psg_id":"126051"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"of Edward's trip to Torquay. She wrote to Mitford, \\\"That was a very near escape from madness, absolute hopeless madness\\\". The family returned to Wimpole Street in 1841. At Wimpole Street Barrett Browning spent most of her time in her upstairs room. Her health began to improve, though she saw few people other than her immediate family. One of those was Kenyon, a wealthy friend of the family and patron of the arts. She received comfort from a spaniel named Flush, a gift from Mary Mitford. (Virginia Woolf later fictionalised the life of the dog, making him the protagonist of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"126051\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Cocker Spaniel","text":"Symptoms can include discoloring of the pupil, and treatment may include surgery to remove the cataract. Cocker Spaniels have a sweet disposition and tend to be intelligent, making them a good pet for families in particular. This breed of dog is easy to train but due to their sensitive nature do not tend to respond well to harsh training methods. Training using positive reinforcement and encouragement is the best method for the Cocker Spaniel. Cocker Spaniels can suffer from separation anxiety and best enjoy being in a household environment around people. That said, the Cocker Spaniel was bred as a","psg_id":"2544411"},{"title":"Cocker Spaniel","text":"hunting dog and needs regular exercise outdoors. Up to an hour a day is usually enough. Lady, a female American Cocker Spaniel, is featured in the 1955 Disney film \"Lady and the Tramp\". Similarly, a Cocker Spaniel called Charkie features in the popular children's book and TV series, \"Curious George\". There is also a Cocker Spaniel on the Coppertone sunscreen bottle. Footnotes Bibliography Cocker Spaniel Cocker Spaniels are dogs belonging to two breeds of the spaniel dog type: the American Cocker Spaniel and the English Cocker Spaniel, both of which are commonly called simply \"Cocker Spaniel\" in their countries of","psg_id":"2544412"},{"title":"Cocker Spaniel","text":"Cocker Spaniel Cocker Spaniels are dogs belonging to two breeds of the spaniel dog type: the American Cocker Spaniel and the English Cocker Spaniel, both of which are commonly called simply \"Cocker Spaniel\" in their countries of origin. In the early 20th century, Cocker Spaniels also included small hunting Spaniels. Cocker Spaniels were originally bred as hunting dogs in the United Kingdom, with the term \"cocker\" deriving from their use to hunt the Eurasian woodcock. When the breed was brought to the United States, it was bred to a different standard, which enabled it to specialize in hunting the American","psg_id":"2544389"},{"title":"American Cocker Spaniel","text":"In more recent years the popularity of the breed has decreased, with it ranked 15th most popular by the American Kennel Club in 2005. American Cocker Spaniels have had several links to the United States Presidency. In 1952, an American Cocker Spaniel became a household name when United States Senator Richard Nixon made his Checkers speech on 23 September. A parti-colored American Cocker Spaniel named Dot was one of several dogs owned by Rutherford B. Hayes; and a buff colored dog named Feller caused a scandal for Harry S. Truman when the dog was received as an unwanted gift with","psg_id":"1945365"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"over a century. Elizabeth Barrett Browning Elizabeth Barrett Browning (née Moulton-Barrett, ; 6 March 1806 – 29 June 1861) was an English poet of the Victorian era, popular in Britain and the United States during her lifetime. Born in County Durham, the eldest of 12 children, Elizabeth Barrett wrote poetry from about the age of six. Her mother's collection of her poems forms one of the largest extant collections of juvenilia by any English writer. At 15 she became ill, suffering intense head and spinal pain for the rest of her life. Later in life she also developed lung problems,","psg_id":"126075"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning Elizabeth Barrett Browning (née Moulton-Barrett, ; 6 March 1806 – 29 June 1861) was an English poet of the Victorian era, popular in Britain and the United States during her lifetime. Born in County Durham, the eldest of 12 children, Elizabeth Barrett wrote poetry from about the age of six. Her mother's collection of her poems forms one of the largest extant collections of juvenilia by any English writer. At 15 she became ill, suffering intense head and spinal pain for the rest of her life. Later in life she also developed lung problems, possibly tuberculosis. She","psg_id":"126036"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"rulers, and child labour. Lilian Whiting published a biography of Barrett Browning (1899) which describes her as \"the most philosophical poet\" and depicts her life as \"a Gospel of applied Christianity\". To Whiting, the term \"art for art's sake\" did not apply to Barrett Browning's work, as each poem, distinctively purposeful, was borne of a more \"honest vision\". In this critical analysis, Whiting portrays Barrett Browning as a poet who uses knowledge of Classical literature with an \"intuitive gift of spiritual divination\". In \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\", Angela Leighton suggests that the portrayal of Barrett Browning as the \"pious iconography of","psg_id":"126072"},{"title":"Cocker Spaniel","text":"in 1878. Generally smaller than its English cousin, separate classes were created for the two types in America in 1935 and the Cocker Spaniel Club of America discouraged breeding between the two types in 1938. The American Cocker Spaniel was recognized as a separate breed by the KC in the UK in 1970. The American Cocker Spaniel is referred to as the Cocker Spaniel within the United States. The American Cocker Spaniel was bred smaller as American woodcocks are smaller than their European cousins, and the breeds appearance changed slightly during the first part of the 20th century as the","psg_id":"2544403"},{"title":"American Cocker Spaniel","text":"American Cocker Spaniel The American Cocker Spaniel is a breed of sporting dog. It is a spaniel type dog that is closely related to the English Cocker Spaniel; the two breeds diverged during the 20th century due to differing breed standards in America and the UK. In the United States, the breed is usually called the Cocker Spaniel, while elsewhere in the world, it is called the American Cocker Spaniel in order to differentiate between it and its English cousin, which was already known as \"Cocker Spaniel\" before the American variety was created. The word \"cocker\" is commonly held to","psg_id":"1945353"},{"title":"English Cocker Spaniel","text":"spaniel breed. Four dogs would act as progenitors for this new breed, of which two were Cocker Spaniels, one was a Cocker Spaniel/English Water Spaniel cross and one was a Norfolk Spaniel. This new breed was named the Field Spaniel, and was recognised by the Kennel Club in 1892. The American Cocker Spaniel was developed from the English Cocker Spaniel in the 19th century to retrieve quail and woodcock. They were originally divided from the English Cocker solely on a size basis, but were bred over the years for different specific traits. The two Cocker Spaniels were shown together in","psg_id":"3014720"},{"title":"Cocker Spaniel","text":"not by ancestry. He was the son of a Sussex Spaniel and a Field Spaniel. Although Obo was an English dog, Obo II was born on American shores – his mother was shipped to the United States while pregnant. During his lifetime, it was claimed in advertisements that Obo II was the sire or grandsire of nearly every prize winning cocker in America. There are two breeds of cocker spaniel, the English Cocker Spaniel and the American Cocker Spaniel. They were bred as gun dogs; to use their sense of smell to cover low areas near the handler in order","psg_id":"2544396"},{"title":"English Cocker Spaniel","text":"English Cocker Spaniel The English Cocker Spaniel is a breed of gun dog. The English Cocker Spaniel is an active, good-natured, sporting dog standing well up at the withers and compactly built. There are \"field\" or \"working\" cockers and \"show\" cockers. It is one of several varieties of spaniel and somewhat resembles its American cousin, the American Cocker Spaniel, although it is closer to the working-dog form of the Field Spaniel and the English Springer Spaniel. Outside the US, the breed is usually known simply as the Cocker Spaniel, as is the American Cocker Spaniel within the US. The word","psg_id":"3014714"},{"title":"Cocker Spaniel","text":"Cocker Spaniel was ranked the 23rd most popular breed according to registration statistics of the AKC in 2009, a decrease in popularity since 1999 when it was ranked 13th. For twenty five years the American Cocker Spaniel was the most popular dog in America. It was ranked number one first in 1936 prior to the English Cocker Spaniel being recognized as a separate breed, and held onto the spot until 1952 when Beagles became the most popular dog. It regained the spot in 1983 and held on at number one until 1990. In the UK, the American Cocker Spaniel is","psg_id":"2544399"},{"title":"Cocker Spaniel","text":"far less popular than its English cousin with 322 registrations compared to the English Cocker's 22,211 in 2009. Called simply Cocker Spaniel in the UK, this is the breed that was originally recognized by The Kennel Club (KC) in 1892. The American Kennel Club (AKC) recognized the English Cocker Spaniel as a separate breed in 1946. The size of the English Cocker Spaniel according to the KC is at the withers for males, and for females. The weight of a show dog should be . The English Cocker Spaniel is the most successful breed at the most popular dog show","psg_id":"2544400"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography","text":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography by Margaret Forster, first published in 1988, is a biography of the English poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning, which won the Heinemann Award in 1989. Forster draws on newly discovered letters and papers that shed light on the poet's life before she met and eloped with Robert Browning, and rewrites the myth of the invalid poet guarded by an ogre-like father, to give a more-nuanced picture of an active, difficult woman who was complicit in her own virtual imprisonment. It remained the most-detailed published biography of the poet in 2003, and","psg_id":"19326447"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography","text":"surprising\", given all the new material Forster had to draw on. She also criticises its popular approach and its novelistic treatment of some events, its use of \"Elizabeth\" to refer to the subject, as well as a perceived lack of scholarly rigour. The book won the Heinemann Award of the Royal Society of Literature in 1989. Sources Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography by Margaret Forster, first published in 1988, is a biography of the English poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning, which won the Heinemann Award in 1989. Forster draws on newly discovered letters and papers that","psg_id":"19326454"},{"title":"Cocker Spaniel","text":"the dog's use in hunting woodcocks. During the 19th century a \"cocker spaniel\" was a type of small Field Spaniel; at the time, this term referred to a number of different spaniel hunting breeds, including the Norfolk Spaniel, Sussex Spaniel, and Clumber Spaniel. While there were no Sussex Cockers or Clumber Cockers, there were dogs known as Welsh Cockers and Devonshire Cockers. The Welsh or Devonshire were considered cockers until 1903 when they were recognized by The Kennel Club as the Welsh Springer Spaniel. Prior to the 1870s, the only requirement for a dog to be classed as a Cocker","psg_id":"2544393"},{"title":"English Cocker Spaniel","text":"Duke and Duchess and Prince George in March 2014. He has travelled with his owners to their holiday residence in Norfolk, but did not travel with them on their tour of Australia and New Zealand in 2014. English Cocker Spaniel The English Cocker Spaniel is a breed of gun dog. The English Cocker Spaniel is an active, good-natured, sporting dog standing well up at the withers and compactly built. There are \"field\" or \"working\" cockers and \"show\" cockers. It is one of several varieties of spaniel and somewhat resembles its American cousin, the American Cocker Spaniel, although it is closer","psg_id":"3014739"},{"title":"American Cocker Spaniel","text":"first spaniel was brought to North America aboard the \"Mayflower\" which sailed from Plymouth, England and landed in New England in 1620. The first Cocker Spaniel recorded in America was a liver and white dog named Captain, who was registered with the American Kennel Club in 1878. In 1881, the American Cocker Spaniel Club was formed; it would later become the American Spaniel Club (ASC) and is now known as the oldest breed club for dogs in the United States. The task of the club was initially to create a standard to separate the Cocker Spaniel in America from other","psg_id":"1945358"},{"title":"Cocker Spaniel","text":"Spaniel was that it needed to weigh less than , although breeders separated the cocker from the King Charles Spaniel which remains a smaller breed of spaniel. This maximum weight limit remained on the Cocker Spaniel until 1900, with larger dogs being classed as Springer Spaniels. The colors of the Devonshire and Welsh Cockers were described by John Henry Walsh under the pseudonym Stonehenge in his book \"The Dog in Health and Disease\" as being a deeper shade of liver than that of the Sussex Spaniel. Following the formation of The Kennel Club in the UK in 1873, efforts were","psg_id":"2544394"},{"title":"Cocker Spaniel","text":"made by breeders to record the pedigrees of cockers and springers. In 1892, English Cocker Spaniels and English Springer Spaniels were recognized as separate breeds by The Kennel Club. There are two dogs which are thought to be the foundation sires of both modern breeds of cocker spaniels. Ch. Obo is considered by breed enthusiasts to be the father of the modern English Cocker Spaniel, while his son, Ch. Obo II, is considered to be the progenitor of the American Cocker Spaniel. Obo was born in 1879, at which point registration as a cocker was still only by size and","psg_id":"2544395"},{"title":"American Cocker Spaniel","text":"carrier dogs from breeding and thus creating puppies with this condition. American Cockers are also prone to canine epilepsy and the related condition known as Rage Syndrome. The latter is a form of epilepsy which can cause a normally placid dog to engage in sudden and unprovoked violent attacks. Initial research shows that both conditions appear to be inheritable. The film \"Lady and the Tramp\" features Lady who is an American Cocker Spaniel. American Cocker Spaniel The American Cocker Spaniel is a breed of sporting dog. It is a spaniel type dog that is closely related to the English Cocker","psg_id":"1945376"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"this – although other branches of her family had African blood through relationships between plantation owners and slaves. What the family believed to be their genealogy in relation to Jamaica is unclear. The family wished to hand down their name, stipulating that Barrett should always be held as a surname. In some cases inheritance was given on condition that the name was used by the beneficiary; the English gentry and \"squirearchy\" had long encouraged this sort of name changing. Given this strong tradition, Elizabeth used \"Elizabeth Barrett Moulton Barrett\" on legal documents and before she was married often signed herself","psg_id":"126040"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"my heart, dear Miss Barrett,\" praising their \"fresh strange music, the affluent language, the exquisite pathos and true new brave thought.\" Kenyon arranged for Browning to meet Elizabeth on 20 May 1845, in her rooms, and so began one of the most famous courtships in literature. Elizabeth had already produced a large amount of work, but Browning had a great influence on her subsequent writing, as did she on his: two of Barrett's most famous pieces were written after she met Browning, \"Sonnets from the Portuguese\" and \"Aurora Leigh.\" Robert's \"Men and Women\" is also a product of that time.","psg_id":"126054"},{"title":"American Cocker Spaniel","text":"that in 1935, breeders founded the English Cocker Spaniel Club and restricted breeding between the two types of spaniel. The two types of Cocker Spaniel in America were shown together as one breed, with the English type as a variety of the main breed, until 1946 when the American Kennel Club recognised the English Cocker Spaniel as a separate breed. Initially in the United Kingdom there were a few American Cockers that had accompanied service personnel to American bases in the 1950s and 1960s. In addition, several came over with embassy staff and business people returning home. The first UK","psg_id":"1945361"},{"title":"Robert Barrett Browning","text":"Robert Barrett Browning Robert Wiedeman Barrett Browning, known as Pen Browning, (9 March 1849 – 8 July 1912) was an English painter. His career was moderately successful, but he is better known as the son and heir of the celebrated English poets, Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, of whose manuscripts and memorabilia he built up a substantial collection. He also bought and restored the Baroque palace Ca' Rezzonico in Venice. Browning was the only child of the poets Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. The Brownings had lived in Italy for three years when their son was born at","psg_id":"14588499"},{"title":"English Cocker Spaniel","text":"can be easily stressed by loud noises and by rough treatment or handling. When trained with a soft hand and with lots of rewards, the Cocker Spaniel will be an obedient and loving companion with a happy, cheerful nature. English Cocker Spaniels in UK and USA/Canada have an average lifespan of 11 to 12 years, which is a typical longevity for purebred dogs, but a little less than most other breeds of their size. The English Cocker Spaniel typically lives about a year longer than the smaller American Cocker Spaniel. In a 2004 UK Kennel Club survey, the most common","psg_id":"3014729"},{"title":"Cocker Spaniel","text":"woodcock. Further physical changes were bred into the cocker in the United States during the early part of the 20th century. Spaniels were first mentioned in the 14th century by Gaston III of Foix-Béarn in his work the \"Livre de Chasse\". The \"cocking\" or \"cocker spaniel\" was a type of field or land spaniel in the 19th century. Prior to 1901, Cocker Spaniels were only separated from Field Spaniels and Springer Spaniels by weight. Two dogs are considered to be the foundation sires of both modern breeds, the English variety are descended from Ch. Obo, while the American breed descends","psg_id":"2544390"},{"title":"American Cocker Spaniel","text":"Kennel Club registered American Cocker Spaniel was Aramingo Argonaught, born 17 January 1956 and bred by Herbert L. Steinberg. Two judges confirmed that the dog was an American Cocker and not an English Cocker before the Kennel Club permitted the dog to be shown. In the 1960s they were shown as a rare breed, which meant that they did not have a show class of their own and could only be shown in variety classes. This included Aramingo Argonaught, who was the first American Cocker Spaniel to be shown at Crufts in 1960 in a class entitled \"Any variety not","psg_id":"1945362"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"with other writers, including Mary Russell Mitford, who would become a close friend and who would support Elizabeth's literary ambitions. In 1838 \"The Seraphim and Other Poems\" appeared, the first volume of Elizabeth's mature poetry to appear under her own name. \"Sonnets from the Portuguese\" was published in 1850. There is debate about the origin of the title. Some say it refers to the series of sonnets of the 16th-century Portuguese poet Luís de Camões. However, \"my little Portuguese\" was a pet name that Browning had adopted for Elizabeth and this may have some connection. The verse-novel \"Aurora Leigh,\" her","psg_id":"126065"},{"title":"Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning is an 1853 sculpture by Harriet Hosmer. Plaster casts are in the Schlesinger Library at Harvard University, and at the National Museum of Women in the Arts in Washington, D.C. As a bronze sculpture, versions are in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and in the \"Cloister of the Clasped Hands\" at Armstrong Browning Library, Baylor University. Hosmer described the work's creation thus: It was one of earliest works created that Hosmer created in Rome. First created in plaster, the work was","psg_id":"20168373"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography","text":"was one of the best known of Forster's biographies in 2016. \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\" is the first full biography of the poet to be published since Gardner Taplin's life of 1957, and reviews substantial material uncovered during the intervening thirty years, including letters, diaries, papers and juvenilia collected by Philip Kelley and others. Forster draws on the new material to expand on Barrett Browning's life before she met Robert Browning in 1845, at the age of almost forty. She stresses the importance of Barrett Browning's rural childhood at Hope End in Herefordshire, and discusses the nature of her mysterious childhood","psg_id":"19326448"},{"title":"American Cocker Spaniel","text":"stem from their use to hunt woodcock in England, while \"spaniel\" is thought to be derived from the type's origins in Spain. The first spaniel in America came across with the Mayflower in 1620, but it was not until 1878 that the first Cocker Spaniel was registered with the American Kennel Club (AKC). A national breed club was set up three years later and the dog considered to be the father of the modern breed, Ch. Obo II, was born around this time. By the 1920s the English and American varieties of Cocker had become noticeably different and in 1946","psg_id":"1945354"},{"title":"English Cocker Spaniel","text":"America until 1936, when the English Cocker received status as a separate breed. The American Kennel Club granted a separate breed designation for the English Cocker Spaniel in 1946. The American breed has a shorter snout, is more likely to get ear infections, and is groomed differently from the English Cocker. The English Cocker Spaniel is a sturdy, compact, well-balanced dog. It has a characteristic expression showing intelligence and alertness. Its eyes should be dark and its lobular ears should reach \"a bit past\" the tip of the nose when pulled forward. Today, a significant difference in appearance exists between","psg_id":"3014721"},{"title":"Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"only cast in bronze years later. The work directly depicts the clasped hands of Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Robert Browning, without other parts of the body. The artist Harriet Hosmer cast the hands of the poets herself at the request of Elizabeth Barrett Browning. The artist left the casting exactly as it came from the mold to preserve the textural quality of the casting and the lovers' sensitive physiognomy. The difference in size of the hands as well as the cuff at each wrist indicate the identity of each hand, and the although her hand is inside of his, hers","psg_id":"20168374"},{"title":"English Cocker Spaniel","text":"kg) was placed in the Cocker breeding pool, however the Welsh Cocker was reclassified as a Springer in 1903 due to its larger size and shorter ear. \"...in those days only those dogs up to a hard day’s work and sensible specimens were allowed to live, as absolute sporting purposes were about their only enjoyment and dog shows were hardly heard of...\". The sport of conformation showing began in earnest among spaniels after the Spaniel Club was formed in 1885. When showing, the new \"Springer\" and \"Cocker\", both were in the same class until The Spaniel Club created breed standards","psg_id":"3014717"},{"title":"Cocker Spaniel","text":"2nd Duke of York in his 15th century work \"The Master of Game\" introduces them as \"Another kind of hound there is that be called hounds for the hawk and spaniels, for their kind cometh from Spain, notwithstanding that there are many in other countries.\" \"The Master of Game\" was mostly an English translation of an earlier 14th century Old French work by Gaston III of Foix-Béarn entitled \"Livre de Chasse\". In 1801, Sydenham Edwards wrote in \"Cynographia Britannica\" that the \"Land Spaniel\" is divided into two types: the hawking, springing/springer and the cocking/cocker spaniel. The term \"cocker\" came from","psg_id":"2544392"},{"title":"Cocker Spaniel","text":"preference by American breeders was for a more stylized appearance. The standard size according to the AKC is between at the withers for males and for females. The weight of the breed is on average between . At the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show, the most prestigious dog show in the United States, the American Cocker Spaniel has won Best in Show on four occasions since its first award in 1907. The most successful breed is the Wire Fox Terrier with thirteen wins. The American Cocker Spaniel is judged in three separate breed classes under AKC rules; \"black\", \"parti-color\", and","psg_id":"2544404"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"Athenaeum\". \"Since she was not burdened with any domestic duties expected of her sisters, Barrett Browning could now devote herself entirely to the life of the mind, cultivating an enormous correspondence, reading widely\". Her prolific output made her a rival to Tennyson as a candidate for poet laureate in 1850 on the death of Wordsworth. A Royal Society of Arts blue plaque now commemorates Elizabeth at 50 Wimpole Street. Her 1844 volume \"Poems\" made her one of the most popular writers in the country, and inspired Robert Browning to write to her. He wrote, \"I love your verses with all","psg_id":"126053"},{"title":"Robert Barrett Browning","text":"the foundation for Baylor's Browning collection, now housed at the Armstrong Browning Library on the Baylor campus. Sanders, Andrew (1994). \"The Short Oxford History of English Literature\". Oxford University Press. Robert Barrett Browning Robert Wiedeman Barrett Browning, known as Pen Browning, (9 March 1849 – 8 July 1912) was an English painter. His career was moderately successful, but he is better known as the son and heir of the celebrated English poets, Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, of whose manuscripts and memorabilia he built up a substantial collection. He also bought and restored the Baroque palace Ca' Rezzonico in","psg_id":"14588507"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography","text":"relationships with her female servants, whom she underpaid and in some cases abandoned when they had difficulties. Forster particularly highlights her poor treatment of her maid Elizabeth Wilson when she became pregnant. Forster subsequently examined the relationship between Barrett Browning and Wilson from a fictional perspective in her novel \"Lady's Maid\" (1990). The journalist Ruth Gorb, writing in \"The Guardian\" in 2016, describes the biography as \"brilliant\". Academics Simon Avery and Rebecca Stott consider the biography to interrogate the picture of Barrett Browning that was mainstream at the time of its publication, presenting \"a far more active and intellectual woman","psg_id":"19326451"},{"title":"American Cocker Spaniel","text":"era and became a popular sire. Towards the end of the 19th century, the breed had become popular in America and Canada due to their dual use as a family pet and a working dog. In the early 20th century the breeders on either side of the Atlantic had created different breed standards for the Cocker Spaniel and the breed gradually diverged from one another, with the two becoming noticeably different by the 1920s. The American Cockers by now had a smaller muzzle, their coats were softer and the dogs overall were lighter and smaller. The differences were so apparent","psg_id":"1945360"},{"title":"Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"highly poetic lives.” Later in life, Hosmer commemorated the Brownings in some lines of poetry, \"Parted by death we say... Yet hand in hand they hold their eternal way \". Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning is an 1853 sculpture by Harriet Hosmer. Plaster casts are in the Schlesinger Library at Harvard University, and at the National Museum of Women in the Arts in Washington, D.C. As a bronze sculpture, versions are in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and in the \"Cloister of the Clasped Hands\" at","psg_id":"20168376"},{"title":"American Cocker Spaniel","text":"hearts, eyes and ears. The word \"spanyell\" is thought to date from the late 12th century when it was used to name a type of dog imported into England from Spain, with the \"span\" part of the word referring to the country of origin. Records from the mid-14th century show that selective breeding was already in place, with the breed being separated into two distinct types, called water spaniels and land spaniels. By 1801, the smaller variety of land spaniel was called the Cocker or Cocking Spaniel, so named for its use in flushing woodcock. According to historical records, the","psg_id":"1945357"},{"title":"English Cocker Spaniel","text":"of Cambridge and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge own an English Cocker Spaniel called Lupo, and Lupo was bred from Ella, a dog owned by her parents Michael and Carole Middleton. He is a working-type English Cocker Spaniel. Lupo was born in a litter just prior to Christmas 2011, and was given to Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, who at first denied owning the dog to the media. Following the birth of Prince George of Cambridge, Lupo was featured in one of the first official photographs. He was subsequently featured in a family portrait with the","psg_id":"3014738"},{"title":"American Cocker Spaniel","text":"types of land spaniels, a task which would take over 20 years, only being completed in 1905. The dog considered to be the father of the American Cocker Spaniel was sired by the dog considered to be the father of the English Cocker Spaniel. Ch. Obo was bred to Ch. Chloe II, who was shipped to America while she was pregnant. Once in the United States, she whelped a dog who became Ch. Obo II. He differed greatly from the modern breed, being only tall and with a long body, but was considered to be an excellent dog of that","psg_id":"1945359"},{"title":"English Cocker Spaniel","text":"be aggressive in 12 out of 13 situations. Red/golden Cockers were shown to be the most aggressive of all, in situations involving strangers, family members, while being disciplined, and sometimes for no apparent reason. A study by Spanish researchers at the Autonomous University of Barcelona revealed a similar link between golden Cockers and aggression. Males were also more likely to be aggressive. The study found the English Cocker Spaniel to have the highest level of owner- and stranger- directed aggression compared to other breeds. This breed, like many others with origins as working dogs, has some genetic lines that focus","psg_id":"3014734"},{"title":"Cocker Spaniel","text":"ear infections, and a variety of eye problems. A large number of breeds are susceptible to hip dysplasia. In a survey conducted by Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, the American Cocker Spaniel was ranked 115th out of 157 different breeds, with 1 being the highest percentage dysplastic and 157 being the lowest percentage dysplastic. The English Cocker was ranked 129th. Cocker Spaniels and other dogs that have long, pendulous ears are more predisposed to ear problems than some other breeds. The fold of the ear can prevent air from entering, and it also creates a warm, moist environment where organisms can","psg_id":"2544406"},{"title":"English Cocker Spaniel","text":"females a little smaller, growing to between . Both males and females of the breed weigh approximately . American Cocker Spaniels are smaller, with the males being on average between , and females again being smaller on average at between , both weighing approximately . The closely related English Springer Spaniels are larger than either types of cockers, growing to between for the females, and for the males, and weighing between . The English Cocker Spaniel is similar to the English Springer Spaniel and at first glance the only major difference is the larger size of the Springer. However English","psg_id":"3014723"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"honour of Barrett Browning. Brightwen Binyon beat 44 other designs. It was based on the timber-framed Market House, which was opposite the site. It was completed in 1896. However, Nikolaus Pevsner was not impressed by its style. In 1938, it became a public library. It has been Grade II-listed since 2007. Barrett Browning was widely popular in the United Kingdom and the United States during her lifetime. Edgar Allan Poe was inspired by her poem \"Lady Geraldine's Courtship\" and specifically borrowed the poem's metre for his poem \"The Raven\". Poe had reviewed Barrett Browning's work in the January 1845 issue","psg_id":"126070"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"sympathy with the Italian cause after the outbreak of fighting in 1859\". They caused a furore in England, and the conservative magazines \"Blackwood's\" and the \"Saturday Review\" labelled her a fanatic. She dedicated this book to her husband. Her last work was \"A Musical Instrument\", published posthumously. Barrett Browning's sister Henrietta died in November 1860. The couple spent the winter of 1860–61 in Rome where Barrett Browning's health further deteriorated and they returned to Florence in early June 1861. She became gradually weaker, using morphine to ease her pain. She died on 29 June 1861 in her husband<nowiki>'s arms. Browning","psg_id":"126059"},{"title":"Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"is more visible and there is a sense of equal partnership in the representation. The signature of the artist is on end of Robert Barrett Browning's wrist and reads: HANDS - OF - ROBERT / AND / Elizabeth Barrett Browning / cast By / Harriet Hosmer / Rome 1853. The work was in the same tradition as Hiram Powers' \"Loulie's Hand\", and they were both inspired by contemporary Spiritualism. Nathaniel Hawthorne alludes to the work in the 1860 novel \"The Marble Faun\", as \"“\"Harriet Hosmer’s Clasped Hands of Browning and his wife symbolize the individuality and heroic union of two","psg_id":"20168375"},{"title":"American Cocker Spaniel","text":"classified at this show\". In 1968, the KC agreed to have the breed shown in the category \"Any variety gundog other than Cocker\" and stated that the American Cocker was not a variety of \"Spaniel (Cocker)\". There were around 100 registrations between 1966 and 1968. In 1970 the breed was given a separate register in the Kennel Club Breed Supplement, as it was previously included in \"Any other variety\". Registration numbers increased to 309 by 1970 following this full recognition. American Cocker Spaniels have won best in show at the Westminster Dog Show on four occasions, with the first win","psg_id":"1945363"},{"title":"Cocker Spaniel","text":"\"any solid color other than black...\" (ASCOB). Sophia and Olivia won the gold medal of dog showing in 2012. In a survey conducted by the Kennel Club (UK), the American Cocker Spaniels had a median age of death of ten years and four months, while the English Cocker Spaniel had a median age of eleven years and two months. According to the survey, the most common cause of death for both breeds was cancer, while old age was the second most common cause. The two modern breeds are susceptible to several health problems. Issues common to the two breeds include","psg_id":"2544405"},{"title":"Cocker Spaniel","text":"from Obo's son, Ch. Obo II. In the United States, the English Cocker was recognized as separate from the native breed in 1946; in the UK, the American type was recognized as a separate breed in 1970. In addition, there is a second strain of English Cocker Spaniel, a working strain which is not bred to a standard but to working ability. Both breeds share similar coat colors and health issues with a few exceptions. While their origins are unknown, \"spaynels\" are mentioned in 14th century writings. It is commonly assumed that they originated in Spain, and Edward of Norwich,","psg_id":"2544391"},{"title":"American Cocker Spaniel","text":"in height. Known as the \"Merry Cocker\", the American Cocker Spaniel breed standard defines the ideal dog of the breed as being \"equable in temperament with no suggestion of timidity.\" The breed ranks 20th in Stanley Coren's \"The Intelligence of Dogs\", a rating that indicates good \"Working or Obedience Intelligence\", or trainability. IQ tests run on a variety of breeds in the 1950s and 1960s showed that the American Cocker performed the best when tested on its ability to show restraint and delayed response to a trigger, a trait which was put down to the breed's bred-in ability when hunting","psg_id":"1945370"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"\"Elizabeth Barrett Barrett\" or \"EBB\" (initials which she was able to keep after her wedding). Elizabeth's father chose to raise his family in England while his business enterprises remained in Jamaica. The fortune of Elizabeth's mother's line, the Graham Clarke family, also derived in part from slave labour, and was considerable. Elizabeth Barrett Moulton-Barrett was born on 6 March 1806, in Coxhoe Hall, between the villages of Coxhoe and Kelloe in County Durham, England. Her parents were Edward Barrett Moulton Barrett and Mary Graham Clarke; Elizabeth was the eldest of 12 children (eight boys and four girls). All lived to","psg_id":"126041"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"Hebrew Bible. These allusions to Miriam in both poems mirror the way in which Barrett Browning herself drew from Jewish history, while distancing herself from it, in order to maintain the public appearance of a Christian woman poet of the Victorian Age. In the correspondence Barrett Browning kept with the Reverend William Merry from 1843 to 1844 on predestination and salvation by works, she identifies herself as a Congregationalist: \"I am not a Baptist — but a Congregational Christian, — in the holding of my private opinions.\" In 1892, Ledbury, Herefordshire, held a design competition to build an Institute in","psg_id":"126069"},{"title":"English Cocker Spaniel","text":"The English Cocker Spaniel has a cheerful nature. They rank 18th in Stanley Coren's \"The Intelligence of Dogs\", being of excellent working/obedience intelligence. Due to the breed's happy disposition and continuously wagging tail, it has been given the nickname \"merry cocker\". They can also be dominant but loyal to their companion. With a good level of socialisation at an early age, Cocker Spaniels can get along well with people, children, other dogs and other pets. This breed seems to have a perpetually wagging tail and prefers to be around people; it is not best suited to the backyard alone. Cockers","psg_id":"3014728"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography","text":"illness, demonstrating that no diagnosis was made at the time by the doctors attending her. She points out the central role that Barrett Browning's mother, Mary Barrett, played in guiding her daughter's education and earliest literary development. Forster is sympathetic towards Barrett Browning's father, Edward Barrett – who was frequently demonised for \"imprisoning\" his daughter in their London home on Wimpole Street – highlighting their positive relationship during her childhood. She emphasises the similarities in character between father and daughter, and the fact that Barrett Browning actively maintained their intimate relationship before the split over her wish to marry Browning.","psg_id":"19326449"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography","text":"She asserts that Barrett Browning \"created her own prison and it was one, moreover, in which she had wanted the warder on constant duty\". She was also among the first to suggest that Barrett Browning's relationship in the early 1830s with the married scholar Hugh Stuart Boyd, who tutored her in Greek, might have had an element of romantic attraction on her side. The second part of the book deals with the Brownings' marriage and life together in Italy. Forster documents a series of miscarriages that Barrett Browning experienced. The biography is also innovative in its investigation of Barrett Browning's","psg_id":"19326450"},{"title":"American Cocker Spaniel","text":"Nixon and Harry S. Truman. In 2013, the cocker spaniel ranked 29th the American Kennel Club registration statistics of historical comparisons and notable trends. The breed is the smallest of the sporting dogs recognised by the AKC, and its distinctly shaped head makes it immediately recognisable. In addition, there are some marked differences between it and its English relative. It is a happy breed with average working intelligence, although by being bred to a show standard it is no longer an ideal working dog. Members of the breed suffer from a wide variety of health ailments including problems with their","psg_id":"1945356"},{"title":"English Cocker Spaniel","text":"occasion with all three coming from H.S. Lloyd's Ware kennel. Due to World War II, the English Cocker Spaniel managed to be the only breed to have won the title between 1938 and 1950, although the competition was only held on four occasions during that period. The most recent best in show was Sh. Ch. Canigou Cambrai in 1996. In the late 19th century with the increase in popularity of dog shows and the creation of standards for various breeds, the Spaniel family began to split into various different breeds. A group of enthusiasts decided to create a large black","psg_id":"3014719"},{"title":"American Cocker Spaniel","text":"the AKC recognised the English type as a separate breed. It was not until 1970 that The Kennel Club in the UK recognised the American Cocker Spaniel as being separate from the English type. The American Cocker was the most popular breed in the United States during the 1940s and 1950s and again during the 1980s, reigning for a total of 18 years. They have also won the best in show title at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show on four occasions, and have been linked to the President of the United States on several occasions, with owners including Richard","psg_id":"1945355"},{"title":"American Cocker Spaniel","text":"rough treatment or handling. Members of the breed were originally used as hunting dogs, but increased in popularity as a show dog. It was bred more and more in conformation with the breed standard, resulting in certain attributes, such as a long coat, which no longer make it an ideal working dog. American Cocker Spaniels in UK and USA/Canada surveys had a median lifespan of about 10 to 11 years, which is on the low end of the typical range for purebred dogs, and one to two years less than other breeds of their size. The larger English Cocker Spaniel","psg_id":"1945372"},{"title":"American Cocker Spaniel","text":"in 1921 by Ch. Midkiff Seductive. Ch. My Own Brucie won the title twice in 1940 and 1941, and became known as the most photographed dog in the world. Brucie's win in 1940 coincided with the American Cocker Spaniel becoming the most popular breed of dog in the United States, and they would remain the most popular until 1952. The most recent victory was in 1954 with the victory going to Ch. Carmor's Rise and Shine. The popularity of the American Cocker increased once again in the 1980s with it becoming the most popular breed again from 1984 until 1990.","psg_id":"1945364"},{"title":"American Cocker Spaniel","text":"the President subsequently giving it away to a White House physician. More recently, a Cocker named Zeke lived with Bill Clinton while he was Arkansas Governor. The American Cocker Spaniel is the smallest dog recognised by the American Kennel Club as a sporting dog, being on average between high at the withers. It is a dog of normal proportions, with medium long silky fur on the body and ears, hanging down on the legs and belly (known as feathering). The head has an upturned nose and the ears hang down. The breed standard states that size over inches for males","psg_id":"1945366"},{"title":"American Cocker Spaniel","text":"and for females is a disqualification at conformation shows. American Cocker Spaniels weigh around on average, with females of the breed usually weighing slightly less than the males. The head of an American Cocker Spaniel makes the breed immediately recognizable, with the rounded dome of the skull, well-pronounced stop, and a square shaped lip. The drop ears are long, low set, with long silky fur, and the eyes are dark, large, and rounded. The nose can be black or brown depending on the colour of the breed. The coat of the breed come in a variety of shades with the","psg_id":"1945367"},{"title":"American Cocker Spaniel","text":"typically lives about a year longer than the American Cocker Spaniel. In a 2004 UK Kennel Club survey, the most common causes of death were cancer (23%), old age (20%), cardiac (8%), and immune-mediated (8%). In a 2003 USA/Canada Health Survey with a smaller sample size, the leading causes of death were cancer, hepatic disease, and immune-mediated. American Cockers previously high popularity resulted in the breed frequently being bred by backyard breeders or in puppy mills. This indiscriminate breeding has increased the proliferation of breed related health issues in certain bloodlines. American Cocker Spaniels are susceptible to a variety of","psg_id":"1945373"},{"title":"English Cocker Spaniel","text":"for each of the types. The Kennel Club separated the two types eight years later. Since then, the Springer and Cocker enthusiasts have bred in the separate traits that they desired. Today, the breed differ in more ways than weight alone. At Crufts, the English Cocker Spaniel has been the most successful breed in winning Best in Show, winning on a total of seven occasions between 1928 and 2009, with wins in 1930, 1931, 1938, 1939, 1948, 1950 and 1996. In addition, the breed make up three of the four winners who have won the title on more than one","psg_id":"3014718"},{"title":"English Cocker Spaniel","text":"lines often have physical characteristics that would prevent them from winning in the show ring. This is a result of selecting for different traits than those selected by show breeders. The longer coat and ears, selected for the show ring, are an impediment in the field. Cuban authorities train and use English Cocker Spaniels as sniffer dogs to check for drugs or food products in passengers' baggage at Cuban airports. A field-bred cocker spaniel is first and foremost an upland flushing dog. In performing this task there are some skills the dog must be trained to perform. Prince William, Duke","psg_id":"3014737"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"great success, attracting the admiration of the writer Robert Browning. Their correspondence, courtship and marriage were carried out in secret, for fear of her father's disapproval. Following the wedding she was indeed disinherited by her father. The couple moved to Italy in 1846, where she would live for the rest of her life. They had one son, Robert Wiedeman Barrett Browning, whom they called Pen. She died in Florence in 1861. A collection of her last poems was published by her husband shortly after her death. Elizabeth's work had a major influence on prominent writers of the day, including the","psg_id":"126038"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"Some critics state that her activity was, in some ways, in decay before she met Browning: \"Until her relationship with Robert Browning began in 1845, Barrett's willingness to engage in public discourse about social issues and about aesthetic issues in poetry, which had been so strong in her youth, gradually diminished, as did her physical health. As an intellectual presence and a physical being, she was becoming a shadow of herself.\" The courtship and marriage between Robert Browning and Elizabeth were carried out secretly, as she knew her father would disapprove. After a private marriage at St Marylebone Parish Church,","psg_id":"126055"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography","text":"mainstream critical opinion had already moved away from the passive victim view of Barrett Browning's character that Forster challenges. She praises the book for its lively depiction of Barrett Browning's childhood and its insight into a \"fussy, self-important\" side of the poet. Byrd and Stephenson also praise the way the biography highlights how far Barrett Browning fell short of her own ideals of compassion and sisterhood in her treatment of her female servants. Forster's biography has been criticised by some reviewers for neglecting Barrett Browning's poetry and her literary development. Stephenson writes that the biography contains \"disappointingly little that is","psg_id":"19326453"},{"title":"English Cocker Spaniel","text":"\"cocker\" is commonly held to stem from their use to hunt woodcock. Spaniel type dogs have been found in art and literature for almost 500 years. Initially, spaniels in England were divided among land spaniels and water spaniels. The differentiation among the spaniels that led to the breeds that we see today did not begin until the mid-19th century. During this time, the land spaniels became a bit more specialised and divisions among the types were made based upon weight. According to the 1840 Encyclopedia of Rural Sports, Cockers were 12–20 lb (5.5–9 kg). At this time it was not","psg_id":"3014715"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"her 1933 novel \"\"). Between 1841 and 1844 Barrett Browning was prolific in poetry, translation and prose. The poem \"The Cry of the Children\", published in 1842 in \"Blackwoods\", condemned child labour and helped bring about child-labour reforms by raising support for Lord Shaftesbury's Ten Hours Bill (1844). At about the same time, she contributed critical prose pieces to Richard Henry Horne's \"A New Spirit of the Age\". In 1844 she published two volumes of \"Poems\", which included \"A Drama of Exile\", \"A Vision of Poets\", and \"Lady Geraldine's Courtship\" and two substantial critical essays for 1842 issues of \"The","psg_id":"126052"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"a son, Robert Wiedeman Barrett Browning, whom they called Pen. Their son later married, but had no legitimate children. At her husband's insistence, Elizabeth's second edition of \"Poems\" included her love sonnets; as a result, her popularity increased (as well as critical regard), and her artistic position was confirmed. The couple came to know a wide circle of artists and writers including William Makepeace Thackeray, sculptor Harriet Hosmer (who, she wrote, seemed to be the \"perfectly emancipated female\") and Harriet Beecher Stowe. In 1849 she met Margaret Fuller, and the female French novelist George Sand in 1852, whom she had","psg_id":"126057"},{"title":"American Cocker Spaniel","text":"illnesses, particularly infections affecting their ears and, in some cases, their eyes. Although the number or percent of afflicted dogs is not known, progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), glaucoma, and cataracts have been identified in some members of the breed. The American Spaniel Club recommends annual eye exams by a veterinary ophthalmologist for all dogs that are to be used for breeding. Autoimmune problems in Cockers have also been identified in an unknown number or percent of the breed, including autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Ear inflammations are common in drop-eared breeds of dog, including the American Cocker, and luxating patellas and","psg_id":"1945374"},{"title":"English Cocker Spaniel","text":"the most common cause of canine arthritis in the hips. Patellar Lunation, also known as luxating patella, refers to the dislocation of the kneecap. Canine dilated cardiomyopathy is an adult onset condition which occurs when the heart muscle is weak and does not contract properly. It can lead to congestive heart failure, which is where fluid accumulates in the lungs, chest, abdominal cavities, or under the skin. Dilated cardiomyopathy is often accompanied by abnormal heart rhythms, or arrhythmias which can complicate treatment. Rage syndrome is most often associated with the Show Cocker Spaniel breed, although cases have been found in","psg_id":"3014731"},{"title":"English Cocker Spaniel","text":"are typical for a purebred dog breed; however they are closely associated with rage syndrome even though cases are really quite rare. Rage syndrome cannot be accurately predicted and can only be diagnosed by EEG or genetic testing and these tests are not conclusive. A link between coat colour and temperament has been proposed. This link could be the colour pigment melanin, which is biochemically similar to chemicals that act as transmitters in the brain. A study made by the University of Cambridge involving over 1,000 Cocker Spaniel households throughout Britain concluded that solid colour Cockers were more likely to","psg_id":"3014733"},{"title":"English Cocker Spaniel","text":"other breeds and cases are relatively rare even within the Cocker Spaniel breed. Rage syndrome is described as when a dog attacks suddenly and often savagely, without any warning and during the attack the dog often has a glazed look and appears to be unaware of its surroundings. Rage Syndrome can affect any and all breeds. Though not a common ailment, studies have found it is more common in solid coloured Cockers than in particolours and also more common in darker coloured Cockers than lighter coloured Cockers, being most common in solid gold and black coloured spaniels. Their health issues","psg_id":"3014732"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"they honeymooned in Paris before moving to Italy, in September 1846, which became their home almost continuously until her death. Elizabeth's loyal nurse, Wilson, who witnessed the marriage, accompanied the couple to Italy. Mr Barrett disinherited Elizabeth, as he did each of his children who married. Elizabeth had foreseen her father's anger but had not anticipated her brothers' rejection. As Elizabeth had some money of her own, the couple were reasonably comfortable in Italy. The Brownings were well respected, and even famous. Elizabeth grew stronger and in 1849, at the age of 43, between four miscarriages, she gave birth to","psg_id":"126056"},{"title":"Field Spaniel","text":"Sussex Spaniel with the exception of the head itself. The dog who is considered to be the father of the modern English Cocker Spaniel is Ch. Obo, who was born in 1879 to a Sussex Spaniel father and a Field Spaniel mother. Obo's son Ch. Obo II is considered to be the father of the modern American Cocker Spaniel, who was described as being only ten inches high with quite a long body. By 1909, the average weight of a Field Spaniel was . Further mixing of the breed occurred with elements of the Basset Hound introduced. Various genetic health","psg_id":"3496135"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"child's poetry into collections of \"Poems by Elizabeth B. Barrett\". Her father called her the \"Poet Laureate of Hope End\" and encouraged her work. The result is one of the largest collections of juvenilia of any English writer. Mary Russell Mitford described the young Elizabeth at this time, as having \"a slight, delicate figure, with a shower of dark curls falling on each side of a most expressive face; large, tender eyes, richly fringed by dark eyelashes, and a smile like a sunbeam.\" At about this time, Elizabeth began to battle with illness, which the medical science of the time","psg_id":"126045"},{"title":"Field Spaniel","text":"Spaniel breeds registered with The Kennel Club, the Field Spaniel has the lowest numbered registered year on year, with only the Sussex Spaniel coming a close second with 60 registrations in 2009. This is compared to the English Springer Spaniel with 12,700 and the English Cocker Spaniel with 22,211 registrations in 2009 alone. In order to promote the breed, they have been registered as a Vulnerable Native Breed by The Kennel Club. The standard size for a Field Spaniel is tall at the withers, and a weight of between . This places it roughly between the English Cocker Spaniel and","psg_id":"3496137"},{"title":"Russian Spaniel","text":"Russian Spaniel The Russian Spaniel is a type of spaniel first standardised in 1951 in the Soviet Union after World War II by cross breeding English Cocker Spaniels, English Springer Spaniels and other spaniel breeds. Physically it is similar to a Cocker Spaniel, but has a shorter, tighter coat and a longer body. Developed and used as hunting dogs, this breed does not suffer from any major health complaints other than those normally associated with spaniels. Popular in its native Russia, the breed was only introduced overseas in the 1990s, and is not yet recognised by any major kennel clubs.","psg_id":"10677127"},{"title":"Russian Spaniel","text":"have held seminars, shows and judges workshops prior to being fully recognised. Russian Spaniel The Russian Spaniel is a type of spaniel first standardised in 1951 in the Soviet Union after World War II by cross breeding English Cocker Spaniels, English Springer Spaniels and other spaniel breeds. Physically it is similar to a Cocker Spaniel, but has a shorter, tighter coat and a longer body. Developed and used as hunting dogs, this breed does not suffer from any major health complaints other than those normally associated with spaniels. Popular in its native Russia, the breed was only introduced overseas in","psg_id":"10677137"},{"title":"Welsh Springer Spaniel","text":"Welsh Springer Spaniel The Welsh Springer Spaniel is a breed of dog and a member of the spaniel family. Thought to be comparable to the old Land Spaniel, they are similar to the English Springer Spaniel and historically have been referred to as both the Welsh Spaniel and the Welsh Cocker Spaniel. They were relatively unknown until a succession of victories in dog trials by the breed increased its popularity. Following recognition by The Kennel Club in 1902, the breed gained the modern name of Welsh Springer Spaniel. The breed's coat only comes in a single colour combination of white","psg_id":"6108054"},{"title":"Welsh Springer Spaniel","text":"Spaniels being registered in 2004, however numbers of English Springer Spaniels increased to 14,765 and English Cocker Spaniels to 16,608. Numbers remain closer to the American Cocker Spaniel which registered 610 in 2000, and 599 in 2004. The breed remains more popular than some other breeds of Spaniel, including the Clumber Spaniel, Field Spaniel, Sussex Spaniel and Irish Water Spaniel. Total registrations in the UK during 2016 fell to 299 qualifying it to be included on The Kennel Club's list of Vulnerable Native Breeds. The Welsh Springer Spaniel is a compact, solidly built dog, bred for hard work and endurance.","psg_id":"6108062"},{"title":"Welsh Springer Spaniel","text":"game, originally for hunters using falcons. The traditional red and white colour of the Welsh Springer was once also found in English dogs, but by the early 20th century any such dogs were considered to have \"died out long ago\". The Welsh Springer Spaniel was also at one time called the Welsh Spaniel, and also at one point was included in the Kennel Club (UK) studbook as Cocker Spaniels, and was known as the Welsh Cocker. During the 19th century were several different varieties of Cocker Spaniel, including the English, the Welsh and the Devonshire as the term was used","psg_id":"6108057"},{"title":"Russian Spaniel","text":"The Russian Spaniel is a small, sturdy dog with a short, tight, silky coat with feathering on the ears and legs. Colors can vary greatly, and can include solid colors without white markings, piebald, speckled, black and tan, and combinations. The head and ears are also usually dark. The Russian Spaniel resembles the English Cocker Spaniel, with a body similar to the field lines of that breed though with the longer ears of the show line. The body of the Russian Spaniel tends to be longer than that of the English Cocker however, and the breed has only one line","psg_id":"10677128"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"said that she died \"smilingly, happily, and with a face like a girl's... Her last word was... \"</nowiki>Beautiful\". She was buried in the Protestant English Cemetery of Florence. \"On Monday July 1 the shops in the area around Casa Guidi were closed, while Elizabeth was mourned with unusual demonstrations.\" The nature of her illness is still unclear. Some modern scientists speculate her illness may have been hypokalemic periodic paralysis, a genetic disorder that causes weakness and many of the other symptoms she described. Barrett Browning's first known poem was written at the age of six or eight, \"On the Cruelty","psg_id":"126060"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"Other Poems,\" was published in 1826 and reflected her passion for Byron and Greek politics. Its publication drew the attention of a blind scholar of the Greek language, Hugh Stuart Boyd, and of another Greek scholar, Uvedale Price, with whom she maintained sustained correspondence. Among other neighbours was Mrs James Martin from Colwall, with whom she also corresponded throughout her life. Later, at Boyd's suggestion, she translated Aeschylus' \"Prometheus Bound\" (published in 1833; retranslated in 1850). During their friendship Barrett studied Greek literature, including Homer, Pindar and Aristophanes. Elizabeth opposed slavery and published two poems highlighting the barbarity of slavers","psg_id":"126062"},{"title":"Norfolk Spaniel","text":"water spaniels and toy spaniels. The land spaniels were split into two further types, the cocker spaniel and the springer spaniel. It was within the springer spaniel type that the Norfolk Spaniel was placed, along with the Sussex Spaniel and the Clumber Spaniel. By the 1860s, the breed was described as the \"commonest breed in England\", but with a description that varies so much that the only standard point is that they averaged in height at the withers. The Spaniel Club was formed in 1885, and issued a breed standard for the Norfolk Spaniel, recognising it as a variety of","psg_id":"10159366"},{"title":"Cocker Spaniel","text":"as a variety of color mixtures of those solid colors including roans, roan and tans, tricolors and those solid colors with additional white markings. Rare colours can appear unexpectedly in certain lines, for instance while an all-white cocker is usually bred by selective breeding of very light golden strains, they can still appear very uncommonly to parents who are dark colored. A noted occurrence of this happened in 1943, when a grandson of My Own Brucie, Best in Show at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1940 and 1941, was born all-white. In its native United States, the American","psg_id":"2544398"},{"title":"King Charles Spaniel","text":"The toy spaniels of this century weighed as little as , although they were thought to be the dog breed most prone to becoming overweight, or \"fattened\". The varieties of toy spaniel were occasionally used in hunting, as the \"Sportsman's Repository\" reported in 1830 of the Blenheim Spaniel: \"Twenty years ago, His Grace the Duke of Marlborough was reputed to possess the smallest and best breed of cockers in Britain; they were invariably red–and–white, with very long ears, short noses, and black eyes.\" During this period, the term \"cocker\" was not used to describe a Cocker Spaniel, but rather a","psg_id":"4256742"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"Symptoms can include discoloring of the pupil, and treatment may include surgery to remove the cataract. Cocker Spaniels have a sweet disposition and tend to be intelligent, making them a good pet for families in particular. This breed of dog is easy to train but due to their sensitive nature do not tend to respond well to harsh training methods. Training using positive reinforcement and encouragement is the best method for the Cocker Spaniel. Cocker Spaniels can suffer from separation anxiety and best enjoy being in a household environment around people. That said, the Cocker Spaniel was bred as a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2544411\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"hunting dog and needs regular exercise outdoors. Up to an hour a day is usually enough. Lady, a female American Cocker Spaniel, is featured in the 1955 Disney film \\\"Lady and the Tramp\\\". Similarly, a Cocker Spaniel called Charkie features in the popular children's book and TV series, \\\"Curious George\\\". There is also a Cocker Spaniel on the Coppertone sunscreen bottle. Footnotes Bibliography Cocker Spaniel Cocker Spaniels are dogs belonging to two breeds of the spaniel dog type: the American Cocker Spaniel and the English Cocker Spaniel, both of which are commonly called simply \\\"Cocker Spaniel\\\" in their countries of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2544412\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"Cocker Spaniel Cocker Spaniels are dogs belonging to two breeds of the spaniel dog type: the American Cocker Spaniel and the English Cocker Spaniel, both of which are commonly called simply \\\"Cocker Spaniel\\\" in their countries of origin. In the early 20th century, Cocker Spaniels also included small hunting Spaniels. Cocker Spaniels were originally bred as hunting dogs in the United Kingdom, with the term \\\"cocker\\\" deriving from their use to hunt the Eurasian woodcock. When the breed was brought to the United States, it was bred to a different standard, which enabled it to specialize in hunting the American\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2544389\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"American Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"In more recent years the popularity of the breed has decreased, with it ranked 15th most popular by the American Kennel Club in 2005. American Cocker Spaniels have had several links to the United States Presidency. In 1952, an American Cocker Spaniel became a household name when United States Senator Richard Nixon made his Checkers speech on 23 September. A parti-colored American Cocker Spaniel named Dot was one of several dogs owned by Rutherford B. Hayes; and a buff colored dog named Feller caused a scandal for Harry S. Truman when the dog was received as an unwanted gift with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1945365\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"over a century. Elizabeth Barrett Browning Elizabeth Barrett Browning (née Moulton-Barrett, ; 6 March 1806 – 29 June 1861) was an English poet of the Victorian era, popular in Britain and the United States during her lifetime. Born in County Durham, the eldest of 12 children, Elizabeth Barrett wrote poetry from about the age of six. Her mother's collection of her poems forms one of the largest extant collections of juvenilia by any English writer. At 15 she became ill, suffering intense head and spinal pain for the rest of her life. Later in life she also developed lung problems,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"126075\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning Elizabeth Barrett Browning (née Moulton-Barrett, ; 6 March 1806 – 29 June 1861) was an English poet of the Victorian era, popular in Britain and the United States during her lifetime. Born in County Durham, the eldest of 12 children, Elizabeth Barrett wrote poetry from about the age of six. Her mother's collection of her poems forms one of the largest extant collections of juvenilia by any English writer. At 15 she became ill, suffering intense head and spinal pain for the rest of her life. Later in life she also developed lung problems, possibly tuberculosis. She\",\n \"psg_id\": \"126036\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"rulers, and child labour. Lilian Whiting published a biography of Barrett Browning (1899) which describes her as \\\"the most philosophical poet\\\" and depicts her life as \\\"a Gospel of applied Christianity\\\". To Whiting, the term \\\"art for art's sake\\\" did not apply to Barrett Browning's work, as each poem, distinctively purposeful, was borne of a more \\\"honest vision\\\". In this critical analysis, Whiting portrays Barrett Browning as a poet who uses knowledge of Classical literature with an \\\"intuitive gift of spiritual divination\\\". In \\\"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\\\", Angela Leighton suggests that the portrayal of Barrett Browning as the \\\"pious iconography of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"126072\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"in 1878. Generally smaller than its English cousin, separate classes were created for the two types in America in 1935 and the Cocker Spaniel Club of America discouraged breeding between the two types in 1938. The American Cocker Spaniel was recognized as a separate breed by the KC in the UK in 1970. The American Cocker Spaniel is referred to as the Cocker Spaniel within the United States. The American Cocker Spaniel was bred smaller as American woodcocks are smaller than their European cousins, and the breeds appearance changed slightly during the first part of the 20th century as the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2544403\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"American Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"American Cocker Spaniel The American Cocker Spaniel is a breed of sporting dog. It is a spaniel type dog that is closely related to the English Cocker Spaniel; the two breeds diverged during the 20th century due to differing breed standards in America and the UK. In the United States, the breed is usually called the Cocker Spaniel, while elsewhere in the world, it is called the American Cocker Spaniel in order to differentiate between it and its English cousin, which was already known as \\\"Cocker Spaniel\\\" before the American variety was created. The word \\\"cocker\\\" is commonly held to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1945353\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"English Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"spaniel breed. Four dogs would act as progenitors for this new breed, of which two were Cocker Spaniels, one was a Cocker Spaniel/English Water Spaniel cross and one was a Norfolk Spaniel. This new breed was named the Field Spaniel, and was recognised by the Kennel Club in 1892. The American Cocker Spaniel was developed from the English Cocker Spaniel in the 19th century to retrieve quail and woodcock. They were originally divided from the English Cocker solely on a size basis, but were bred over the years for different specific traits. The two Cocker Spaniels were shown together in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3014720\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"not by ancestry. He was the son of a Sussex Spaniel and a Field Spaniel. Although Obo was an English dog, Obo II was born on American shores – his mother was shipped to the United States while pregnant. During his lifetime, it was claimed in advertisements that Obo II was the sire or grandsire of nearly every prize winning cocker in America. There are two breeds of cocker spaniel, the English Cocker Spaniel and the American Cocker Spaniel. They were bred as gun dogs; to use their sense of smell to cover low areas near the handler in order\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2544396\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"English Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"English Cocker Spaniel The English Cocker Spaniel is a breed of gun dog. The English Cocker Spaniel is an active, good-natured, sporting dog standing well up at the withers and compactly built. There are \\\"field\\\" or \\\"working\\\" cockers and \\\"show\\\" cockers. It is one of several varieties of spaniel and somewhat resembles its American cousin, the American Cocker Spaniel, although it is closer to the working-dog form of the Field Spaniel and the English Springer Spaniel. Outside the US, the breed is usually known simply as the Cocker Spaniel, as is the American Cocker Spaniel within the US. The word\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3014714\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"Cocker Spaniel was ranked the 23rd most popular breed according to registration statistics of the AKC in 2009, a decrease in popularity since 1999 when it was ranked 13th. For twenty five years the American Cocker Spaniel was the most popular dog in America. It was ranked number one first in 1936 prior to the English Cocker Spaniel being recognized as a separate breed, and held onto the spot until 1952 when Beagles became the most popular dog. It regained the spot in 1983 and held on at number one until 1990. In the UK, the American Cocker Spaniel is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2544399\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"far less popular than its English cousin with 322 registrations compared to the English Cocker's 22,211 in 2009. Called simply Cocker Spaniel in the UK, this is the breed that was originally recognized by The Kennel Club (KC) in 1892. The American Kennel Club (AKC) recognized the English Cocker Spaniel as a separate breed in 1946. The size of the English Cocker Spaniel according to the KC is at the withers for males, and for females. The weight of a show dog should be . The English Cocker Spaniel is the most successful breed at the most popular dog show\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2544400\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography\",\n \"text\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography by Margaret Forster, first published in 1988, is a biography of the English poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning, which won the Heinemann Award in 1989. Forster draws on newly discovered letters and papers that shed light on the poet's life before she met and eloped with Robert Browning, and rewrites the myth of the invalid poet guarded by an ogre-like father, to give a more-nuanced picture of an active, difficult woman who was complicit in her own virtual imprisonment. It remained the most-detailed published biography of the poet in 2003, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19326447\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography\",\n \"text\": \"surprising\\\", given all the new material Forster had to draw on. She also criticises its popular approach and its novelistic treatment of some events, its use of \\\"Elizabeth\\\" to refer to the subject, as well as a perceived lack of scholarly rigour. The book won the Heinemann Award of the Royal Society of Literature in 1989. Sources Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography by Margaret Forster, first published in 1988, is a biography of the English poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning, which won the Heinemann Award in 1989. Forster draws on newly discovered letters and papers that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19326454\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"the dog's use in hunting woodcocks. During the 19th century a \\\"cocker spaniel\\\" was a type of small Field Spaniel; at the time, this term referred to a number of different spaniel hunting breeds, including the Norfolk Spaniel, Sussex Spaniel, and Clumber Spaniel. While there were no Sussex Cockers or Clumber Cockers, there were dogs known as Welsh Cockers and Devonshire Cockers. The Welsh or Devonshire were considered cockers until 1903 when they were recognized by The Kennel Club as the Welsh Springer Spaniel. Prior to the 1870s, the only requirement for a dog to be classed as a Cocker\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2544393\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"English Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"Duke and Duchess and Prince George in March 2014. He has travelled with his owners to their holiday residence in Norfolk, but did not travel with them on their tour of Australia and New Zealand in 2014. English Cocker Spaniel The English Cocker Spaniel is a breed of gun dog. The English Cocker Spaniel is an active, good-natured, sporting dog standing well up at the withers and compactly built. There are \\\"field\\\" or \\\"working\\\" cockers and \\\"show\\\" cockers. It is one of several varieties of spaniel and somewhat resembles its American cousin, the American Cocker Spaniel, although it is closer\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3014739\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"American Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"first spaniel was brought to North America aboard the \\\"Mayflower\\\" which sailed from Plymouth, England and landed in New England in 1620. The first Cocker Spaniel recorded in America was a liver and white dog named Captain, who was registered with the American Kennel Club in 1878. In 1881, the American Cocker Spaniel Club was formed; it would later become the American Spaniel Club (ASC) and is now known as the oldest breed club for dogs in the United States. The task of the club was initially to create a standard to separate the Cocker Spaniel in America from other\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1945358\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"Spaniel was that it needed to weigh less than , although breeders separated the cocker from the King Charles Spaniel which remains a smaller breed of spaniel. This maximum weight limit remained on the Cocker Spaniel until 1900, with larger dogs being classed as Springer Spaniels. The colors of the Devonshire and Welsh Cockers were described by John Henry Walsh under the pseudonym Stonehenge in his book \\\"The Dog in Health and Disease\\\" as being a deeper shade of liver than that of the Sussex Spaniel. Following the formation of The Kennel Club in the UK in 1873, efforts were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2544394\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"made by breeders to record the pedigrees of cockers and springers. In 1892, English Cocker Spaniels and English Springer Spaniels were recognized as separate breeds by The Kennel Club. There are two dogs which are thought to be the foundation sires of both modern breeds of cocker spaniels. Ch. Obo is considered by breed enthusiasts to be the father of the modern English Cocker Spaniel, while his son, Ch. Obo II, is considered to be the progenitor of the American Cocker Spaniel. Obo was born in 1879, at which point registration as a cocker was still only by size and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2544395\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"American Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"carrier dogs from breeding and thus creating puppies with this condition. American Cockers are also prone to canine epilepsy and the related condition known as Rage Syndrome. The latter is a form of epilepsy which can cause a normally placid dog to engage in sudden and unprovoked violent attacks. Initial research shows that both conditions appear to be inheritable. The film \\\"Lady and the Tramp\\\" features Lady who is an American Cocker Spaniel. American Cocker Spaniel The American Cocker Spaniel is a breed of sporting dog. It is a spaniel type dog that is closely related to the English Cocker\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1945376\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"this – although other branches of her family had African blood through relationships between plantation owners and slaves. What the family believed to be their genealogy in relation to Jamaica is unclear. The family wished to hand down their name, stipulating that Barrett should always be held as a surname. In some cases inheritance was given on condition that the name was used by the beneficiary; the English gentry and \\\"squirearchy\\\" had long encouraged this sort of name changing. Given this strong tradition, Elizabeth used \\\"Elizabeth Barrett Moulton Barrett\\\" on legal documents and before she was married often signed herself\",\n \"psg_id\": \"126040\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"my heart, dear Miss Barrett,\\\" praising their \\\"fresh strange music, the affluent language, the exquisite pathos and true new brave thought.\\\" Kenyon arranged for Browning to meet Elizabeth on 20 May 1845, in her rooms, and so began one of the most famous courtships in literature. Elizabeth had already produced a large amount of work, but Browning had a great influence on her subsequent writing, as did she on his: two of Barrett's most famous pieces were written after she met Browning, \\\"Sonnets from the Portuguese\\\" and \\\"Aurora Leigh.\\\" Robert's \\\"Men and Women\\\" is also a product of that time.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"126054\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"American Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"that in 1935, breeders founded the English Cocker Spaniel Club and restricted breeding between the two types of spaniel. The two types of Cocker Spaniel in America were shown together as one breed, with the English type as a variety of the main breed, until 1946 when the American Kennel Club recognised the English Cocker Spaniel as a separate breed. Initially in the United Kingdom there were a few American Cockers that had accompanied service personnel to American bases in the 1950s and 1960s. In addition, several came over with embassy staff and business people returning home. The first UK\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1945361\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Barrett Browning Robert Wiedeman Barrett Browning, known as Pen Browning, (9 March 1849 – 8 July 1912) was an English painter. His career was moderately successful, but he is better known as the son and heir of the celebrated English poets, Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, of whose manuscripts and memorabilia he built up a substantial collection. He also bought and restored the Baroque palace Ca' Rezzonico in Venice. Browning was the only child of the poets Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. The Brownings had lived in Italy for three years when their son was born at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14588499\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"English Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"can be easily stressed by loud noises and by rough treatment or handling. When trained with a soft hand and with lots of rewards, the Cocker Spaniel will be an obedient and loving companion with a happy, cheerful nature. English Cocker Spaniels in UK and USA/Canada have an average lifespan of 11 to 12 years, which is a typical longevity for purebred dogs, but a little less than most other breeds of their size. The English Cocker Spaniel typically lives about a year longer than the smaller American Cocker Spaniel. In a 2004 UK Kennel Club survey, the most common\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3014729\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"woodcock. Further physical changes were bred into the cocker in the United States during the early part of the 20th century. Spaniels were first mentioned in the 14th century by Gaston III of Foix-Béarn in his work the \\\"Livre de Chasse\\\". The \\\"cocking\\\" or \\\"cocker spaniel\\\" was a type of field or land spaniel in the 19th century. Prior to 1901, Cocker Spaniels were only separated from Field Spaniels and Springer Spaniels by weight. Two dogs are considered to be the foundation sires of both modern breeds, the English variety are descended from Ch. Obo, while the American breed descends\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2544390\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"American Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"Kennel Club registered American Cocker Spaniel was Aramingo Argonaught, born 17 January 1956 and bred by Herbert L. Steinberg. Two judges confirmed that the dog was an American Cocker and not an English Cocker before the Kennel Club permitted the dog to be shown. In the 1960s they were shown as a rare breed, which meant that they did not have a show class of their own and could only be shown in variety classes. This included Aramingo Argonaught, who was the first American Cocker Spaniel to be shown at Crufts in 1960 in a class entitled \\\"Any variety not\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1945362\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"with other writers, including Mary Russell Mitford, who would become a close friend and who would support Elizabeth's literary ambitions. In 1838 \\\"The Seraphim and Other Poems\\\" appeared, the first volume of Elizabeth's mature poetry to appear under her own name. \\\"Sonnets from the Portuguese\\\" was published in 1850. There is debate about the origin of the title. Some say it refers to the series of sonnets of the 16th-century Portuguese poet Luís de Camões. However, \\\"my little Portuguese\\\" was a pet name that Browning had adopted for Elizabeth and this may have some connection. The verse-novel \\\"Aurora Leigh,\\\" her\",\n \"psg_id\": \"126065\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning is an 1853 sculpture by Harriet Hosmer. Plaster casts are in the Schlesinger Library at Harvard University, and at the National Museum of Women in the Arts in Washington, D.C. As a bronze sculpture, versions are in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and in the \\\"Cloister of the Clasped Hands\\\" at Armstrong Browning Library, Baylor University. Hosmer described the work's creation thus: It was one of earliest works created that Hosmer created in Rome. First created in plaster, the work was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20168373\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography\",\n \"text\": \"was one of the best known of Forster's biographies in 2016. \\\"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\\\" is the first full biography of the poet to be published since Gardner Taplin's life of 1957, and reviews substantial material uncovered during the intervening thirty years, including letters, diaries, papers and juvenilia collected by Philip Kelley and others. Forster draws on the new material to expand on Barrett Browning's life before she met Robert Browning in 1845, at the age of almost forty. She stresses the importance of Barrett Browning's rural childhood at Hope End in Herefordshire, and discusses the nature of her mysterious childhood\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19326448\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"American Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"stem from their use to hunt woodcock in England, while \\\"spaniel\\\" is thought to be derived from the type's origins in Spain. The first spaniel in America came across with the Mayflower in 1620, but it was not until 1878 that the first Cocker Spaniel was registered with the American Kennel Club (AKC). A national breed club was set up three years later and the dog considered to be the father of the modern breed, Ch. Obo II, was born around this time. By the 1920s the English and American varieties of Cocker had become noticeably different and in 1946\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1945354\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"English Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"America until 1936, when the English Cocker received status as a separate breed. The American Kennel Club granted a separate breed designation for the English Cocker Spaniel in 1946. The American breed has a shorter snout, is more likely to get ear infections, and is groomed differently from the English Cocker. The English Cocker Spaniel is a sturdy, compact, well-balanced dog. It has a characteristic expression showing intelligence and alertness. Its eyes should be dark and its lobular ears should reach \\\"a bit past\\\" the tip of the nose when pulled forward. Today, a significant difference in appearance exists between\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3014721\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"only cast in bronze years later. The work directly depicts the clasped hands of Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Robert Browning, without other parts of the body. The artist Harriet Hosmer cast the hands of the poets herself at the request of Elizabeth Barrett Browning. The artist left the casting exactly as it came from the mold to preserve the textural quality of the casting and the lovers' sensitive physiognomy. The difference in size of the hands as well as the cuff at each wrist indicate the identity of each hand, and the although her hand is inside of his, hers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20168374\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"English Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"kg) was placed in the Cocker breeding pool, however the Welsh Cocker was reclassified as a Springer in 1903 due to its larger size and shorter ear. \\\"...in those days only those dogs up to a hard day’s work and sensible specimens were allowed to live, as absolute sporting purposes were about their only enjoyment and dog shows were hardly heard of...\\\". The sport of conformation showing began in earnest among spaniels after the Spaniel Club was formed in 1885. When showing, the new \\\"Springer\\\" and \\\"Cocker\\\", both were in the same class until The Spaniel Club created breed standards\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3014717\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"2nd Duke of York in his 15th century work \\\"The Master of Game\\\" introduces them as \\\"Another kind of hound there is that be called hounds for the hawk and spaniels, for their kind cometh from Spain, notwithstanding that there are many in other countries.\\\" \\\"The Master of Game\\\" was mostly an English translation of an earlier 14th century Old French work by Gaston III of Foix-Béarn entitled \\\"Livre de Chasse\\\". In 1801, Sydenham Edwards wrote in \\\"Cynographia Britannica\\\" that the \\\"Land Spaniel\\\" is divided into two types: the hawking, springing/springer and the cocking/cocker spaniel. The term \\\"cocker\\\" came from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2544392\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"preference by American breeders was for a more stylized appearance. The standard size according to the AKC is between at the withers for males and for females. The weight of the breed is on average between . At the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show, the most prestigious dog show in the United States, the American Cocker Spaniel has won Best in Show on four occasions since its first award in 1907. The most successful breed is the Wire Fox Terrier with thirteen wins. The American Cocker Spaniel is judged in three separate breed classes under AKC rules; \\\"black\\\", \\\"parti-color\\\", and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2544404\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"Athenaeum\\\". \\\"Since she was not burdened with any domestic duties expected of her sisters, Barrett Browning could now devote herself entirely to the life of the mind, cultivating an enormous correspondence, reading widely\\\". Her prolific output made her a rival to Tennyson as a candidate for poet laureate in 1850 on the death of Wordsworth. A Royal Society of Arts blue plaque now commemorates Elizabeth at 50 Wimpole Street. Her 1844 volume \\\"Poems\\\" made her one of the most popular writers in the country, and inspired Robert Browning to write to her. He wrote, \\\"I love your verses with all\",\n \"psg_id\": \"126053\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"the foundation for Baylor's Browning collection, now housed at the Armstrong Browning Library on the Baylor campus. Sanders, Andrew (1994). \\\"The Short Oxford History of English Literature\\\". Oxford University Press. Robert Barrett Browning Robert Wiedeman Barrett Browning, known as Pen Browning, (9 March 1849 – 8 July 1912) was an English painter. His career was moderately successful, but he is better known as the son and heir of the celebrated English poets, Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, of whose manuscripts and memorabilia he built up a substantial collection. He also bought and restored the Baroque palace Ca' Rezzonico in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14588507\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography\",\n \"text\": \"relationships with her female servants, whom she underpaid and in some cases abandoned when they had difficulties. Forster particularly highlights her poor treatment of her maid Elizabeth Wilson when she became pregnant. Forster subsequently examined the relationship between Barrett Browning and Wilson from a fictional perspective in her novel \\\"Lady's Maid\\\" (1990). The journalist Ruth Gorb, writing in \\\"The Guardian\\\" in 2016, describes the biography as \\\"brilliant\\\". Academics Simon Avery and Rebecca Stott consider the biography to interrogate the picture of Barrett Browning that was mainstream at the time of its publication, presenting \\\"a far more active and intellectual woman\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19326451\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"American Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"era and became a popular sire. Towards the end of the 19th century, the breed had become popular in America and Canada due to their dual use as a family pet and a working dog. In the early 20th century the breeders on either side of the Atlantic had created different breed standards for the Cocker Spaniel and the breed gradually diverged from one another, with the two becoming noticeably different by the 1920s. The American Cockers by now had a smaller muzzle, their coats were softer and the dogs overall were lighter and smaller. The differences were so apparent\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1945360\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"highly poetic lives.” Later in life, Hosmer commemorated the Brownings in some lines of poetry, \\\"Parted by death we say... Yet hand in hand they hold their eternal way \\\". Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning is an 1853 sculpture by Harriet Hosmer. Plaster casts are in the Schlesinger Library at Harvard University, and at the National Museum of Women in the Arts in Washington, D.C. As a bronze sculpture, versions are in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and in the \\\"Cloister of the Clasped Hands\\\" at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20168376\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"American Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"hearts, eyes and ears. The word \\\"spanyell\\\" is thought to date from the late 12th century when it was used to name a type of dog imported into England from Spain, with the \\\"span\\\" part of the word referring to the country of origin. Records from the mid-14th century show that selective breeding was already in place, with the breed being separated into two distinct types, called water spaniels and land spaniels. By 1801, the smaller variety of land spaniel was called the Cocker or Cocking Spaniel, so named for its use in flushing woodcock. According to historical records, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1945357\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"English Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"of Cambridge and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge own an English Cocker Spaniel called Lupo, and Lupo was bred from Ella, a dog owned by her parents Michael and Carole Middleton. He is a working-type English Cocker Spaniel. Lupo was born in a litter just prior to Christmas 2011, and was given to Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, who at first denied owning the dog to the media. Following the birth of Prince George of Cambridge, Lupo was featured in one of the first official photographs. He was subsequently featured in a family portrait with the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3014738\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"American Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"types of land spaniels, a task which would take over 20 years, only being completed in 1905. The dog considered to be the father of the American Cocker Spaniel was sired by the dog considered to be the father of the English Cocker Spaniel. Ch. Obo was bred to Ch. Chloe II, who was shipped to America while she was pregnant. Once in the United States, she whelped a dog who became Ch. Obo II. He differed greatly from the modern breed, being only tall and with a long body, but was considered to be an excellent dog of that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1945359\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"English Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"be aggressive in 12 out of 13 situations. Red/golden Cockers were shown to be the most aggressive of all, in situations involving strangers, family members, while being disciplined, and sometimes for no apparent reason. A study by Spanish researchers at the Autonomous University of Barcelona revealed a similar link between golden Cockers and aggression. Males were also more likely to be aggressive. The study found the English Cocker Spaniel to have the highest level of owner- and stranger- directed aggression compared to other breeds. This breed, like many others with origins as working dogs, has some genetic lines that focus\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3014734\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"ear infections, and a variety of eye problems. A large number of breeds are susceptible to hip dysplasia. In a survey conducted by Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, the American Cocker Spaniel was ranked 115th out of 157 different breeds, with 1 being the highest percentage dysplastic and 157 being the lowest percentage dysplastic. The English Cocker was ranked 129th. Cocker Spaniels and other dogs that have long, pendulous ears are more predisposed to ear problems than some other breeds. The fold of the ear can prevent air from entering, and it also creates a warm, moist environment where organisms can\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2544406\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"English Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"females a little smaller, growing to between . Both males and females of the breed weigh approximately . American Cocker Spaniels are smaller, with the males being on average between , and females again being smaller on average at between , both weighing approximately . The closely related English Springer Spaniels are larger than either types of cockers, growing to between for the females, and for the males, and weighing between . The English Cocker Spaniel is similar to the English Springer Spaniel and at first glance the only major difference is the larger size of the Springer. However English\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3014723\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"honour of Barrett Browning. Brightwen Binyon beat 44 other designs. It was based on the timber-framed Market House, which was opposite the site. It was completed in 1896. However, Nikolaus Pevsner was not impressed by its style. In 1938, it became a public library. It has been Grade II-listed since 2007. Barrett Browning was widely popular in the United Kingdom and the United States during her lifetime. Edgar Allan Poe was inspired by her poem \\\"Lady Geraldine's Courtship\\\" and specifically borrowed the poem's metre for his poem \\\"The Raven\\\". Poe had reviewed Barrett Browning's work in the January 1845 issue\",\n \"psg_id\": \"126070\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"sympathy with the Italian cause after the outbreak of fighting in 1859\\\". They caused a furore in England, and the conservative magazines \\\"Blackwood's\\\" and the \\\"Saturday Review\\\" labelled her a fanatic. She dedicated this book to her husband. Her last work was \\\"A Musical Instrument\\\", published posthumously. Barrett Browning's sister Henrietta died in November 1860. The couple spent the winter of 1860–61 in Rome where Barrett Browning's health further deteriorated and they returned to Florence in early June 1861. She became gradually weaker, using morphine to ease her pain. She died on 29 June 1861 in her husband<nowiki>'s arms. Browning\",\n \"psg_id\": \"126059\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"is more visible and there is a sense of equal partnership in the representation. The signature of the artist is on end of Robert Barrett Browning's wrist and reads: HANDS - OF - ROBERT / AND / Elizabeth Barrett Browning / cast By / Harriet Hosmer / Rome 1853. The work was in the same tradition as Hiram Powers' \\\"Loulie's Hand\\\", and they were both inspired by contemporary Spiritualism. Nathaniel Hawthorne alludes to the work in the 1860 novel \\\"The Marble Faun\\\", as \\\"“\\\"Harriet Hosmer’s Clasped Hands of Browning and his wife symbolize the individuality and heroic union of two\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20168375\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"American Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"classified at this show\\\". In 1968, the KC agreed to have the breed shown in the category \\\"Any variety gundog other than Cocker\\\" and stated that the American Cocker was not a variety of \\\"Spaniel (Cocker)\\\". There were around 100 registrations between 1966 and 1968. In 1970 the breed was given a separate register in the Kennel Club Breed Supplement, as it was previously included in \\\"Any other variety\\\". Registration numbers increased to 309 by 1970 following this full recognition. American Cocker Spaniels have won best in show at the Westminster Dog Show on four occasions, with the first win\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1945363\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"any solid color other than black...\\\" (ASCOB). Sophia and Olivia won the gold medal of dog showing in 2012. In a survey conducted by the Kennel Club (UK), the American Cocker Spaniels had a median age of death of ten years and four months, while the English Cocker Spaniel had a median age of eleven years and two months. According to the survey, the most common cause of death for both breeds was cancer, while old age was the second most common cause. The two modern breeds are susceptible to several health problems. Issues common to the two breeds include\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2544405\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"from Obo's son, Ch. Obo II. In the United States, the English Cocker was recognized as separate from the native breed in 1946; in the UK, the American type was recognized as a separate breed in 1970. In addition, there is a second strain of English Cocker Spaniel, a working strain which is not bred to a standard but to working ability. Both breeds share similar coat colors and health issues with a few exceptions. While their origins are unknown, \\\"spaynels\\\" are mentioned in 14th century writings. It is commonly assumed that they originated in Spain, and Edward of Norwich,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2544391\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"American Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"in height. Known as the \\\"Merry Cocker\\\", the American Cocker Spaniel breed standard defines the ideal dog of the breed as being \\\"equable in temperament with no suggestion of timidity.\\\" The breed ranks 20th in Stanley Coren's \\\"The Intelligence of Dogs\\\", a rating that indicates good \\\"Working or Obedience Intelligence\\\", or trainability. IQ tests run on a variety of breeds in the 1950s and 1960s showed that the American Cocker performed the best when tested on its ability to show restraint and delayed response to a trigger, a trait which was put down to the breed's bred-in ability when hunting\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1945370\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Elizabeth Barrett Barrett\\\" or \\\"EBB\\\" (initials which she was able to keep after her wedding). Elizabeth's father chose to raise his family in England while his business enterprises remained in Jamaica. The fortune of Elizabeth's mother's line, the Graham Clarke family, also derived in part from slave labour, and was considerable. Elizabeth Barrett Moulton-Barrett was born on 6 March 1806, in Coxhoe Hall, between the villages of Coxhoe and Kelloe in County Durham, England. Her parents were Edward Barrett Moulton Barrett and Mary Graham Clarke; Elizabeth was the eldest of 12 children (eight boys and four girls). All lived to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"126041\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"Hebrew Bible. These allusions to Miriam in both poems mirror the way in which Barrett Browning herself drew from Jewish history, while distancing herself from it, in order to maintain the public appearance of a Christian woman poet of the Victorian Age. In the correspondence Barrett Browning kept with the Reverend William Merry from 1843 to 1844 on predestination and salvation by works, she identifies herself as a Congregationalist: \\\"I am not a Baptist — but a Congregational Christian, — in the holding of my private opinions.\\\" In 1892, Ledbury, Herefordshire, held a design competition to build an Institute in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"126069\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"English Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"The English Cocker Spaniel has a cheerful nature. They rank 18th in Stanley Coren's \\\"The Intelligence of Dogs\\\", being of excellent working/obedience intelligence. Due to the breed's happy disposition and continuously wagging tail, it has been given the nickname \\\"merry cocker\\\". They can also be dominant but loyal to their companion. With a good level of socialisation at an early age, Cocker Spaniels can get along well with people, children, other dogs and other pets. This breed seems to have a perpetually wagging tail and prefers to be around people; it is not best suited to the backyard alone. Cockers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3014728\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography\",\n \"text\": \"illness, demonstrating that no diagnosis was made at the time by the doctors attending her. She points out the central role that Barrett Browning's mother, Mary Barrett, played in guiding her daughter's education and earliest literary development. Forster is sympathetic towards Barrett Browning's father, Edward Barrett – who was frequently demonised for \\\"imprisoning\\\" his daughter in their London home on Wimpole Street – highlighting their positive relationship during her childhood. She emphasises the similarities in character between father and daughter, and the fact that Barrett Browning actively maintained their intimate relationship before the split over her wish to marry Browning.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19326449\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography\",\n \"text\": \"She asserts that Barrett Browning \\\"created her own prison and it was one, moreover, in which she had wanted the warder on constant duty\\\". She was also among the first to suggest that Barrett Browning's relationship in the early 1830s with the married scholar Hugh Stuart Boyd, who tutored her in Greek, might have had an element of romantic attraction on her side. The second part of the book deals with the Brownings' marriage and life together in Italy. Forster documents a series of miscarriages that Barrett Browning experienced. The biography is also innovative in its investigation of Barrett Browning's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19326450\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"American Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"Nixon and Harry S. Truman. In 2013, the cocker spaniel ranked 29th the American Kennel Club registration statistics of historical comparisons and notable trends. The breed is the smallest of the sporting dogs recognised by the AKC, and its distinctly shaped head makes it immediately recognisable. In addition, there are some marked differences between it and its English relative. It is a happy breed with average working intelligence, although by being bred to a show standard it is no longer an ideal working dog. Members of the breed suffer from a wide variety of health ailments including problems with their\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1945356\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"English Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"occasion with all three coming from H.S. Lloyd's Ware kennel. Due to World War II, the English Cocker Spaniel managed to be the only breed to have won the title between 1938 and 1950, although the competition was only held on four occasions during that period. The most recent best in show was Sh. Ch. Canigou Cambrai in 1996. In the late 19th century with the increase in popularity of dog shows and the creation of standards for various breeds, the Spaniel family began to split into various different breeds. A group of enthusiasts decided to create a large black\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3014719\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"American Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"the AKC recognised the English type as a separate breed. It was not until 1970 that The Kennel Club in the UK recognised the American Cocker Spaniel as being separate from the English type. The American Cocker was the most popular breed in the United States during the 1940s and 1950s and again during the 1980s, reigning for a total of 18 years. They have also won the best in show title at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show on four occasions, and have been linked to the President of the United States on several occasions, with owners including Richard\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1945355\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"American Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"rough treatment or handling. Members of the breed were originally used as hunting dogs, but increased in popularity as a show dog. It was bred more and more in conformation with the breed standard, resulting in certain attributes, such as a long coat, which no longer make it an ideal working dog. American Cocker Spaniels in UK and USA/Canada surveys had a median lifespan of about 10 to 11 years, which is on the low end of the typical range for purebred dogs, and one to two years less than other breeds of their size. The larger English Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1945372\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"American Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"in 1921 by Ch. Midkiff Seductive. Ch. My Own Brucie won the title twice in 1940 and 1941, and became known as the most photographed dog in the world. Brucie's win in 1940 coincided with the American Cocker Spaniel becoming the most popular breed of dog in the United States, and they would remain the most popular until 1952. The most recent victory was in 1954 with the victory going to Ch. Carmor's Rise and Shine. The popularity of the American Cocker increased once again in the 1980s with it becoming the most popular breed again from 1984 until 1990.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1945364\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"American Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"the President subsequently giving it away to a White House physician. More recently, a Cocker named Zeke lived with Bill Clinton while he was Arkansas Governor. The American Cocker Spaniel is the smallest dog recognised by the American Kennel Club as a sporting dog, being on average between high at the withers. It is a dog of normal proportions, with medium long silky fur on the body and ears, hanging down on the legs and belly (known as feathering). The head has an upturned nose and the ears hang down. The breed standard states that size over inches for males\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1945366\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"American Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"and for females is a disqualification at conformation shows. American Cocker Spaniels weigh around on average, with females of the breed usually weighing slightly less than the males. The head of an American Cocker Spaniel makes the breed immediately recognizable, with the rounded dome of the skull, well-pronounced stop, and a square shaped lip. The drop ears are long, low set, with long silky fur, and the eyes are dark, large, and rounded. The nose can be black or brown depending on the colour of the breed. The coat of the breed come in a variety of shades with the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1945367\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"American Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"typically lives about a year longer than the American Cocker Spaniel. In a 2004 UK Kennel Club survey, the most common causes of death were cancer (23%), old age (20%), cardiac (8%), and immune-mediated (8%). In a 2003 USA/Canada Health Survey with a smaller sample size, the leading causes of death were cancer, hepatic disease, and immune-mediated. American Cockers previously high popularity resulted in the breed frequently being bred by backyard breeders or in puppy mills. This indiscriminate breeding has increased the proliferation of breed related health issues in certain bloodlines. American Cocker Spaniels are susceptible to a variety of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1945373\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"English Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"for each of the types. The Kennel Club separated the two types eight years later. Since then, the Springer and Cocker enthusiasts have bred in the separate traits that they desired. Today, the breed differ in more ways than weight alone. At Crufts, the English Cocker Spaniel has been the most successful breed in winning Best in Show, winning on a total of seven occasions between 1928 and 2009, with wins in 1930, 1931, 1938, 1939, 1948, 1950 and 1996. In addition, the breed make up three of the four winners who have won the title on more than one\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3014718\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"English Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"lines often have physical characteristics that would prevent them from winning in the show ring. This is a result of selecting for different traits than those selected by show breeders. The longer coat and ears, selected for the show ring, are an impediment in the field. Cuban authorities train and use English Cocker Spaniels as sniffer dogs to check for drugs or food products in passengers' baggage at Cuban airports. A field-bred cocker spaniel is first and foremost an upland flushing dog. In performing this task there are some skills the dog must be trained to perform. Prince William, Duke\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3014737\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"great success, attracting the admiration of the writer Robert Browning. Their correspondence, courtship and marriage were carried out in secret, for fear of her father's disapproval. Following the wedding she was indeed disinherited by her father. The couple moved to Italy in 1846, where she would live for the rest of her life. They had one son, Robert Wiedeman Barrett Browning, whom they called Pen. She died in Florence in 1861. A collection of her last poems was published by her husband shortly after her death. Elizabeth's work had a major influence on prominent writers of the day, including the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"126038\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"Some critics state that her activity was, in some ways, in decay before she met Browning: \\\"Until her relationship with Robert Browning began in 1845, Barrett's willingness to engage in public discourse about social issues and about aesthetic issues in poetry, which had been so strong in her youth, gradually diminished, as did her physical health. As an intellectual presence and a physical being, she was becoming a shadow of herself.\\\" The courtship and marriage between Robert Browning and Elizabeth were carried out secretly, as she knew her father would disapprove. After a private marriage at St Marylebone Parish Church,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"126055\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography\",\n \"text\": \"mainstream critical opinion had already moved away from the passive victim view of Barrett Browning's character that Forster challenges. She praises the book for its lively depiction of Barrett Browning's childhood and its insight into a \\\"fussy, self-important\\\" side of the poet. Byrd and Stephenson also praise the way the biography highlights how far Barrett Browning fell short of her own ideals of compassion and sisterhood in her treatment of her female servants. Forster's biography has been criticised by some reviewers for neglecting Barrett Browning's poetry and her literary development. Stephenson writes that the biography contains \\\"disappointingly little that is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19326453\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"English Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"cocker\\\" is commonly held to stem from their use to hunt woodcock. Spaniel type dogs have been found in art and literature for almost 500 years. Initially, spaniels in England were divided among land spaniels and water spaniels. The differentiation among the spaniels that led to the breeds that we see today did not begin until the mid-19th century. During this time, the land spaniels became a bit more specialised and divisions among the types were made based upon weight. According to the 1840 Encyclopedia of Rural Sports, Cockers were 12–20 lb (5.5–9 kg). At this time it was not\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3014715\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"her 1933 novel \\\"\\\"). Between 1841 and 1844 Barrett Browning was prolific in poetry, translation and prose. The poem \\\"The Cry of the Children\\\", published in 1842 in \\\"Blackwoods\\\", condemned child labour and helped bring about child-labour reforms by raising support for Lord Shaftesbury's Ten Hours Bill (1844). At about the same time, she contributed critical prose pieces to Richard Henry Horne's \\\"A New Spirit of the Age\\\". In 1844 she published two volumes of \\\"Poems\\\", which included \\\"A Drama of Exile\\\", \\\"A Vision of Poets\\\", and \\\"Lady Geraldine's Courtship\\\" and two substantial critical essays for 1842 issues of \\\"The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"126052\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"a son, Robert Wiedeman Barrett Browning, whom they called Pen. Their son later married, but had no legitimate children. At her husband's insistence, Elizabeth's second edition of \\\"Poems\\\" included her love sonnets; as a result, her popularity increased (as well as critical regard), and her artistic position was confirmed. The couple came to know a wide circle of artists and writers including William Makepeace Thackeray, sculptor Harriet Hosmer (who, she wrote, seemed to be the \\\"perfectly emancipated female\\\") and Harriet Beecher Stowe. In 1849 she met Margaret Fuller, and the female French novelist George Sand in 1852, whom she had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"126057\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"American Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"illnesses, particularly infections affecting their ears and, in some cases, their eyes. Although the number or percent of afflicted dogs is not known, progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), glaucoma, and cataracts have been identified in some members of the breed. The American Spaniel Club recommends annual eye exams by a veterinary ophthalmologist for all dogs that are to be used for breeding. Autoimmune problems in Cockers have also been identified in an unknown number or percent of the breed, including autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Ear inflammations are common in drop-eared breeds of dog, including the American Cocker, and luxating patellas and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1945374\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"English Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"the most common cause of canine arthritis in the hips. Patellar Lunation, also known as luxating patella, refers to the dislocation of the kneecap. Canine dilated cardiomyopathy is an adult onset condition which occurs when the heart muscle is weak and does not contract properly. It can lead to congestive heart failure, which is where fluid accumulates in the lungs, chest, abdominal cavities, or under the skin. Dilated cardiomyopathy is often accompanied by abnormal heart rhythms, or arrhythmias which can complicate treatment. Rage syndrome is most often associated with the Show Cocker Spaniel breed, although cases have been found in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3014731\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"English Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"are typical for a purebred dog breed; however they are closely associated with rage syndrome even though cases are really quite rare. Rage syndrome cannot be accurately predicted and can only be diagnosed by EEG or genetic testing and these tests are not conclusive. A link between coat colour and temperament has been proposed. This link could be the colour pigment melanin, which is biochemically similar to chemicals that act as transmitters in the brain. A study made by the University of Cambridge involving over 1,000 Cocker Spaniel households throughout Britain concluded that solid colour Cockers were more likely to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3014733\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"English Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"other breeds and cases are relatively rare even within the Cocker Spaniel breed. Rage syndrome is described as when a dog attacks suddenly and often savagely, without any warning and during the attack the dog often has a glazed look and appears to be unaware of its surroundings. Rage Syndrome can affect any and all breeds. Though not a common ailment, studies have found it is more common in solid coloured Cockers than in particolours and also more common in darker coloured Cockers than lighter coloured Cockers, being most common in solid gold and black coloured spaniels. Their health issues\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3014732\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"they honeymooned in Paris before moving to Italy, in September 1846, which became their home almost continuously until her death. Elizabeth's loyal nurse, Wilson, who witnessed the marriage, accompanied the couple to Italy. Mr Barrett disinherited Elizabeth, as he did each of his children who married. Elizabeth had foreseen her father's anger but had not anticipated her brothers' rejection. As Elizabeth had some money of her own, the couple were reasonably comfortable in Italy. The Brownings were well respected, and even famous. Elizabeth grew stronger and in 1849, at the age of 43, between four miscarriages, she gave birth to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"126056\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Field Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"Sussex Spaniel with the exception of the head itself. The dog who is considered to be the father of the modern English Cocker Spaniel is Ch. Obo, who was born in 1879 to a Sussex Spaniel father and a Field Spaniel mother. Obo's son Ch. Obo II is considered to be the father of the modern American Cocker Spaniel, who was described as being only ten inches high with quite a long body. By 1909, the average weight of a Field Spaniel was . Further mixing of the breed occurred with elements of the Basset Hound introduced. Various genetic health\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3496135\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"child's poetry into collections of \\\"Poems by Elizabeth B. Barrett\\\". Her father called her the \\\"Poet Laureate of Hope End\\\" and encouraged her work. The result is one of the largest collections of juvenilia of any English writer. Mary Russell Mitford described the young Elizabeth at this time, as having \\\"a slight, delicate figure, with a shower of dark curls falling on each side of a most expressive face; large, tender eyes, richly fringed by dark eyelashes, and a smile like a sunbeam.\\\" At about this time, Elizabeth began to battle with illness, which the medical science of the time\",\n \"psg_id\": \"126045\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Field Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"Spaniel breeds registered with The Kennel Club, the Field Spaniel has the lowest numbered registered year on year, with only the Sussex Spaniel coming a close second with 60 registrations in 2009. This is compared to the English Springer Spaniel with 12,700 and the English Cocker Spaniel with 22,211 registrations in 2009 alone. In order to promote the breed, they have been registered as a Vulnerable Native Breed by The Kennel Club. The standard size for a Field Spaniel is tall at the withers, and a weight of between . This places it roughly between the English Cocker Spaniel and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3496137\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Russian Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"Russian Spaniel The Russian Spaniel is a type of spaniel first standardised in 1951 in the Soviet Union after World War II by cross breeding English Cocker Spaniels, English Springer Spaniels and other spaniel breeds. Physically it is similar to a Cocker Spaniel, but has a shorter, tighter coat and a longer body. Developed and used as hunting dogs, this breed does not suffer from any major health complaints other than those normally associated with spaniels. Popular in its native Russia, the breed was only introduced overseas in the 1990s, and is not yet recognised by any major kennel clubs.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10677127\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Russian Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"have held seminars, shows and judges workshops prior to being fully recognised. Russian Spaniel The Russian Spaniel is a type of spaniel first standardised in 1951 in the Soviet Union after World War II by cross breeding English Cocker Spaniels, English Springer Spaniels and other spaniel breeds. Physically it is similar to a Cocker Spaniel, but has a shorter, tighter coat and a longer body. Developed and used as hunting dogs, this breed does not suffer from any major health complaints other than those normally associated with spaniels. Popular in its native Russia, the breed was only introduced overseas in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10677137\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Welsh Springer Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"Welsh Springer Spaniel The Welsh Springer Spaniel is a breed of dog and a member of the spaniel family. Thought to be comparable to the old Land Spaniel, they are similar to the English Springer Spaniel and historically have been referred to as both the Welsh Spaniel and the Welsh Cocker Spaniel. They were relatively unknown until a succession of victories in dog trials by the breed increased its popularity. Following recognition by The Kennel Club in 1902, the breed gained the modern name of Welsh Springer Spaniel. The breed's coat only comes in a single colour combination of white\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6108054\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Welsh Springer Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"Spaniels being registered in 2004, however numbers of English Springer Spaniels increased to 14,765 and English Cocker Spaniels to 16,608. Numbers remain closer to the American Cocker Spaniel which registered 610 in 2000, and 599 in 2004. The breed remains more popular than some other breeds of Spaniel, including the Clumber Spaniel, Field Spaniel, Sussex Spaniel and Irish Water Spaniel. Total registrations in the UK during 2016 fell to 299 qualifying it to be included on The Kennel Club's list of Vulnerable Native Breeds. The Welsh Springer Spaniel is a compact, solidly built dog, bred for hard work and endurance.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6108062\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Welsh Springer Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"game, originally for hunters using falcons. The traditional red and white colour of the Welsh Springer was once also found in English dogs, but by the early 20th century any such dogs were considered to have \\\"died out long ago\\\". The Welsh Springer Spaniel was also at one time called the Welsh Spaniel, and also at one point was included in the Kennel Club (UK) studbook as Cocker Spaniels, and was known as the Welsh Cocker. During the 19th century were several different varieties of Cocker Spaniel, including the English, the Welsh and the Devonshire as the term was used\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6108057\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Russian Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"The Russian Spaniel is a small, sturdy dog with a short, tight, silky coat with feathering on the ears and legs. Colors can vary greatly, and can include solid colors without white markings, piebald, speckled, black and tan, and combinations. The head and ears are also usually dark. The Russian Spaniel resembles the English Cocker Spaniel, with a body similar to the field lines of that breed though with the longer ears of the show line. The body of the Russian Spaniel tends to be longer than that of the English Cocker however, and the breed has only one line\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10677128\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"said that she died \\\"smilingly, happily, and with a face like a girl's... Her last word was... \\\"</nowiki>Beautiful\\\". She was buried in the Protestant English Cemetery of Florence. \\\"On Monday July 1 the shops in the area around Casa Guidi were closed, while Elizabeth was mourned with unusual demonstrations.\\\" The nature of her illness is still unclear. Some modern scientists speculate her illness may have been hypokalemic periodic paralysis, a genetic disorder that causes weakness and many of the other symptoms she described. Barrett Browning's first known poem was written at the age of six or eight, \\\"On the Cruelty\",\n \"psg_id\": \"126060\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"Other Poems,\\\" was published in 1826 and reflected her passion for Byron and Greek politics. Its publication drew the attention of a blind scholar of the Greek language, Hugh Stuart Boyd, and of another Greek scholar, Uvedale Price, with whom she maintained sustained correspondence. Among other neighbours was Mrs James Martin from Colwall, with whom she also corresponded throughout her life. Later, at Boyd's suggestion, she translated Aeschylus' \\\"Prometheus Bound\\\" (published in 1833; retranslated in 1850). During their friendship Barrett studied Greek literature, including Homer, Pindar and Aristophanes. Elizabeth opposed slavery and published two poems highlighting the barbarity of slavers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"126062\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Norfolk Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"water spaniels and toy spaniels. The land spaniels were split into two further types, the cocker spaniel and the springer spaniel. It was within the springer spaniel type that the Norfolk Spaniel was placed, along with the Sussex Spaniel and the Clumber Spaniel. By the 1860s, the breed was described as the \\\"commonest breed in England\\\", but with a description that varies so much that the only standard point is that they averaged in height at the withers. The Spaniel Club was formed in 1885, and issued a breed standard for the Norfolk Spaniel, recognising it as a variety of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10159366\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cocker Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"as a variety of color mixtures of those solid colors including roans, roan and tans, tricolors and those solid colors with additional white markings. Rare colours can appear unexpectedly in certain lines, for instance while an all-white cocker is usually bred by selective breeding of very light golden strains, they can still appear very uncommonly to parents who are dark colored. A noted occurrence of this happened in 1943, when a grandson of My Own Brucie, Best in Show at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1940 and 1941, was born all-white. In its native United States, the American\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2544398\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"King Charles Spaniel\",\n \"text\": \"The toy spaniels of this century weighed as little as , although they were thought to be the dog breed most prone to becoming overweight, or \\\"fattened\\\". The varieties of toy spaniel were occasionally used in hunting, as the \\\"Sportsman's Repository\\\" reported in 1830 of the Blenheim Spaniel: \\\"Twenty years ago, His Grace the Duke of Marlborough was reputed to possess the smallest and best breed of cockers in Britain; they were invariably red–and–white, with very long ears, short noses, and black eyes.\\\" During this period, the term \\\"cocker\\\" was not used to describe a Cocker Spaniel, but rather a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4256742\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["flush (disambiguation)","flush (song)","flush"],"string":"[\n \"flush (disambiguation)\",\n \"flush (song)\",\n \"flush\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":292,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what famous novel provided the basic story line for francis ford coppola's 1979 vietnam war film epic, apocalypse now?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Apocalypse Now Redux","text":"Carmine and Francis Ford Coppola (with some tracks co-composed by Mickey Hart and Richard Hansen). The first track is an abridged version of The Doors' eleven-minute epic \"The End\". All songs written by Carmine Coppola and Francis Ford Coppola, except where noted: Apocalypse Now Redux Apocalypse Now Redux is a 2001 extended version of Francis Ford Coppola's epic war film \"Apocalypse Now\", which was originally released in 1979. Coppola, along with editor/longtime collaborator Walter Murch, added 49 minutes of material that had been removed from the original film. It represents a significant re-edit of the original version. Francis Ford Coppola","psg_id":"5543234"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now Redux","text":"Apocalypse Now Redux Apocalypse Now Redux is a 2001 extended version of Francis Ford Coppola's epic war film \"Apocalypse Now\", which was originally released in 1979. Coppola, along with editor/longtime collaborator Walter Murch, added 49 minutes of material that had been removed from the original film. It represents a significant re-edit of the original version. Francis Ford Coppola began production on the new cut with working-partner Kim Aubry. Coppola then tried to get Murch, who was reluctant at first. He thought it would be extremely difficult recutting a film that had taken two years to edit originally. He later changed","psg_id":"5543225"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now","text":"Apocalypse Now Apocalypse Now is a 1979 American epic war film directed, produced, and co-written by Francis Ford Coppola. It stars Marlon Brando, Robert Duvall, Martin Sheen, Frederic Forrest, Albert Hall, Sam Bottoms, Laurence Fishburne, and Dennis Hopper. The screenplay, co-written by Coppola and John Milius (who received an Oscar nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay) and featuring narration written by Michael Herr, is an updating of Joseph Conrad's novella \"Heart of Darkness\". The setting was changed from late 19th-century Congo to the Vietnam War \"ca.\" 1969–70, the years in which Green Beret Colonel Robert Rheault, commander of the 5th Special","psg_id":"12362739"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now","text":"Apocalypse Now Apocalypse Now is a 1979 American epic war film directed, produced, and co-written by Francis Ford Coppola. It stars Marlon Brando, Robert Duvall, Martin Sheen, Frederic Forrest, Albert Hall, Sam Bottoms, Laurence Fishburne, and Dennis Hopper. The screenplay, co-written by Coppola and John Milius (who received an Oscar nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay) and featuring narration written by Michael Herr, is an updating of Joseph Conrad's novella \"Heart of Darkness\". The setting was changed from late 19th-century Congo to the Vietnam War \"ca.\" 1969–70, the years in which Green Beret Colonel Robert Rheault, commander of the 5th Special","psg_id":"12362669"},{"title":"Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse","text":"Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse is a 1991 American documentary film about the production of \"Apocalypse Now,\" the 1979 Vietnam War epic directed by Francis Ford Coppola. The title is derived from the Joseph Conrad novella \"Heart of Darkness\", the source material for \"Apocalypse Now\". Using behind-the-scenes footage, and narrated by Eleanor Coppola, the documentary chronicles how production problems—among them bad weather, actors' poor health, and other issues—delayed the film, increasing costs and nearly destroying the life and career of its director, her husband, Francis Ford Coppola. In 1990, Coppola turned her material","psg_id":"2752208"},{"title":"Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse","text":"\"Tropic Thunder\" parodies both \"Hearts of Darkness\" and \"Apocalypse Now\". The animated series \"Eek! The Cat\" also did a parody episode \"Eekpocalypse Now!\" Season 2, Episode 5A. Other documentaries about troubled movie productions: Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse is a 1991 American documentary film about the production of \"Apocalypse Now,\" the 1979 Vietnam War epic directed by Francis Ford Coppola. The title is derived from the Joseph Conrad novella \"Heart of Darkness\", the source material for \"Apocalypse Now\". Using behind-the-scenes footage, and narrated by Eleanor Coppola, the documentary chronicles how production problems—among them","psg_id":"2752213"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"directed by Volker Schlöndorff. When the film screened at Cannes, he quipped: \"My film is not about Vietnam, it is Vietnam.\" \"Apocalypse Now\"'s reputation has grown in time and it is now regarded by many as a masterpiece of the New Hollywood era and is frequently cited as one of the greatest movies ever made. Roger Ebert considers it to be the finest film on the Vietnam War and included it in his list for the 2002 \"Sight & Sound\" critics' poll of the greatest movies ever made. In 2001, Coppola re-released \"Apocalypse Now\" as \"Apocalypse Now Redux\", restoring several","psg_id":"138122"},{"title":"Top Gear: Vietnam Special","text":"\"It's hard to sum it up really. Perhaps that's why people when they get back from this place always say the same thing, Vietnam: You don't know, man! You weren't there!\" In homage to film-maker Francis Ford Coppola and his Vietnam War epic \"Apocalypse Now\", the end credits replaced each crew members first name with the words \"Francis Ford\" (e.g. \"Francis Ford Clarkson\", \"Francis Ford Hammond\", etc.). To assist with production of the special, the BBC partnered itself with Hanuman Films, a production company involved in film and television shoots within south-east Asia, and who had worked before with the","psg_id":"12839937"},{"title":"The Apocalypse Now Sessions","text":"Sessions\", the band also included Grateful Dead bassist Phil Lesh, along with percussionists Airto Moreira, Greg Errico, Jim Loveless, and Jordan Amarantha, guitarist Mike Hinton, and vocalist Flora Purim. After attending a Grateful Dead concert, director Francis Ford Coppola asked Mickey Hart and Bill Kreutzmann to record drum music for his film \"Apocalypse Now\", much of which takes place along a river in the jungle during the Vietnam War. Hart and Kreutzmann, along with seven other musicians, assembled many different drums and other percussion instruments at the Club Front recording studio in San Rafael, California. While a rough cut of","psg_id":"16508603"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"When?\" The 1991 documentary film \"\", directed by Eleanor Coppola (Francis's wife), Fax Bahr and George Hickenlooper, chronicles the difficulties the crew went through making \"Apocalypse Now\" and features behind-the-scenes footage filmed by Eleanor. After filming \"Apocalypse Now\", Coppola famously stated: \"We were in the jungle, there were too many of us, we had access to too much money, too much equipment and little by little, we went insane.\" The film was overwhelmingly lauded by critics when it finally appeared in 1979 and was selected for the 1979 Cannes Film Festival, winning the Palme d'Or along with \"The Tin Drum\",","psg_id":"138121"},{"title":"The Apocalypse Now Sessions","text":"by pounding on the beam frame itself to induce a bell-like resonance of all the strings simultaneously. Allmusic said, \"Three members of The Grateful Dead (Mickey Hart, Bill Kreutzmann, and Phil Lesh) improvise on percussion instruments with several other musicians to provide incidental music for the movie \"Apocalypse Now\". This is primarily a percussion album... an intense album that artfully conveys the beauty and terror of the jungle in which the movie is set.\" Smithsonian Folkways, writing about the CD, said, \"Director Francis Ford Coppola asked Mickey Hart to provide a percussive underscore for his 1979 film \"Apocalypse Now\". Combining","psg_id":"16508607"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"began filming \"Apocalypse Now\", an adaptation of Joseph Conrad's \"Heart of Darkness\" set in Cambodia during the Vietnam War (Coppola himself briefly appears as a TV news director). The production of the film was plagued by numerous problems, including typhoons, nervous breakdowns, the firing of Harvey Keitel, Martin Sheen's heart attack, extras from the Philippine military and half of the supplied helicopters leaving in the middle of scenes to go fight rebels and an unprepared Brando with a bloated appearance (which Coppola attempted to hide by shooting him in the shadows). It was delayed so often it was nicknamed \"Apocalypse","psg_id":"138120"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"are now entirely organically grown. George Altamura, a real estate developer announced in 2003 that he had partnered with several people, including Francis Ford Coppola, in a project to restore the Uptown Theater in downtown Napa, California in order to create a live entertainment venue. Coppola is also the owner of Francis Ford Coppola Presents, a lifestyle brand under which he markets goods from companies he owns or controls. It includes films and videos, resorts, cafes, a literary magazine, a line of pastas and pasta sauces called Mammarella Foods and a winery. The Francis Ford Coppola Winery near Geyserville, California,","psg_id":"138149"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"I plan to begin a process of making one personal movie after another and if something leads me back to look at that, which I'm sure it might, I'll see what makes sense to me.\" Francis Ford Coppola Francis Ford Coppola (; born April 7, 1939) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter and film composer. He was a central figure in the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking. After directing \"The Rain People\" (1969), he co-wrote the 1970 film \"Patton\", earning the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay along with co-writer Edmund H. North. His directorial prominence was cemented with","psg_id":"138155"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now","text":"French theorist Jean Baudrillard dedicated a chapter to \"Apocalypse Now\" in his 1981 treatise \"Simulacra and Simulation\". Baudrillard accuses the Vietnam War, a non-event, of having become \"film\" and Coppola of having made the Vietnam War an actual event and a victory through the film \"Apocalypse Now\": The first home video releases of \"Apocalypse Now\" were pan-and-scan versions of the original Technovision anamorphic 2.35:1 print, and the closing credits, white on black background, were presented in compressed 1.33:1 full-frame format to allow all credit information to be seen on standard televisions. The first letterboxed appearance, on Laserdisc on December 29,","psg_id":"12362736"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now (painting)","text":"Apocalypse Now (painting) Apocalypse Now is a 1988 painting by the American artist Christopher Wool, widely regarded as among the most important of his \"word paintings\" created in the late 1980s. It consists of the words \"SELL THE HOUSE SELL THE CAR SELL THE KIDS\", stenciled in black, block letters in alkyd enamel on an off-white painted aluminum and steel plate measuring 84 x 72 inches (213.4 x 182.9 cm). The quotation is from the 1979 Francis Ford Coppola movie \"Apocalypse Now\", where it is written in a letter mailed home by a character who has lost his mind in","psg_id":"19260314"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"nomination. It was the first box-office success for Coppola since \"Apocalypse Now\" and the film ranked number 17 on \"Entertainment Weekly\"s list of \"50 Best High School Movies\". The following year, Coppola re-teamed with James Caan for \"Gardens of Stone\", but the film was overshadowed by the death of Coppola's eldest son Gian-Carlo Coppola during the film's production. The movie was not a critical success and performed poorly at the box office, earning only $5.6 million against a budget of $13 million. Coppola directed \"Tucker: The Man and His Dream\" the following year. A biopic based on the life of","psg_id":"138129"},{"title":"Eleanor Coppola","text":"on the Making of Apocalypse Now\" in 1979. The book chronicled such events as the near destruction of the film's production as well as the stress that both cast and crew were suffering from at the time. This would not be the only documentation of the making of Francis Ford Coppola's \"Apocalypse Now\" as she decided to film a documentary based on the same movie. The documentary film \"Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse\" was co-directed by Eleanor Coppola, Fax Bahr, and George Hickenlooper. In the film, Eleanor narrates the trials and difficulties surrounding the production of the award-winning film","psg_id":"2752040"},{"title":"Rogue One","text":"and full-on warfare, comparing it to [[Francis Ford Coppola]]'s 1979 [[Vietnam War]] epic \"[[Apocalypse Now]]\". A [[showreel]] was also shown during the event, which featured footage from the film, cut with behind-the-scenes shots and interviews with the director and cast members. The second trailer was shown publicly during a broadcast of the [[2016 Summer Olympics]] and received favourable media reviews; \"[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]\" stated that the trailer was \"littered with nostalgic throwbacks to the original trilogy\", while \"[[Rolling Stone]]\" described the CGI landscape shots seen in the footage as \"eye-poppingly gorgeous\". A further trailer released in October 2016 prompted \"The Hollywood","psg_id":"18360495"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"Francis Ford Coppola Francis Ford Coppola (; born April 7, 1939) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter and film composer. He was a central figure in the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking. After directing \"The Rain People\" (1969), he co-wrote the 1970 film \"Patton\", earning the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay along with co-writer Edmund H. North. His directorial prominence was cemented with the release in 1972 of \"The Godfather\", a film which revolutionized movie-making in the gangster genre, earning praise from both critics and the public before winning three Academy Awards—including his second Oscar (Best Adapted Screenplay,","psg_id":"138089"},{"title":"Vietnam War","text":"One of the first major films based on the Vietnam War was John Wayne's pro-war film, \"The Green Berets\" (1968). Further cinematic representations were released during the 1970s and 1980s, including Michael Cimino's \"The Deer Hunter\" (1978), Francis Ford Coppola's \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979), Oliver Stone's \"Platoon\" (1986) – based on his service in the U.S. military during the Vietnam War, Stanley Kubrick's \"Full Metal Jacket\" (1987), \"Hamburger Hill\" (1987), \"Born on the Fourth of July\" (1989), and \"Casualties of War\" (1989). Later films would include \"We Were Soldiers\" (2002) and \"Rescue Dawn\" (2007). The war also influenced a generation of","psg_id":"447452"},{"title":"1979 Cannes Film Festival","text":"(18e Semaine de la Critique): The following films were screened for the 1979 Directors' Fortnight (Quinzaine des Réalizateurs): The following films and people received the 1979 Official selection awards: Golden Camera Short films FIPRESCI Prizes Commission Supérieure Technique Ecumenical Jury Young Cinema Award Other awards 1979 Cannes Film Festival The 32nd Cannes Film Festival was held from 10 to 24 May 1979. The Palme d'Or went to \"Apocalypse Now\" by Francis Ford Coppola, which was screened as a work in progress, and \"Die Blechtrommel (The Tin Drum)\" by Volker Schlöndorff. The festival opened with \"Hair\", directed by Miloš Forman and","psg_id":"12950931"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"Thessaloniki Film Festival in Greece. Over the years, Coppola has given contributions to several candidates of the Democratic Party, including Mike Thompson and Nancy Pelosi for the U.S. House of Representatives and Barbara Boxer and Alan Cranston for the U.S. Senate. He had planned to direct an epic movie named \"Megalopolis\", a story about the aftermath and reconstruction of New York City after a mega-disaster, but after the city was hit by the real life disaster of September 11, 2001, the project was seen as being too sensitive. In 2007 Coppola stated that \"I have abandoned that as of now.","psg_id":"138154"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"1960, Coppola enrolled in UCLA Film School for graduate work in film. There he directed a short horror film called \"The Two Christophers\", inspired by Edgar Allan Poe's \"William Wilson\", and \"Ayamonn the Terrible\", a film about a sculptor's nightmares coming to life, before directing the experimental softcore comedy \"Tonight for Sure\" in 1962. At UCLA, Coppola met Jim Morrison. He later used Morrison's song \"The End\" in \"Apocalypse Now\". The company that hired him for \"Tonight for Sure\" brought him back to re-cut a German film titled \"Mit Eva fing die Sünde an\" directed by Fritz Umgelter. He added","psg_id":"138098"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now","text":"Ford Coppola on \"The Rain People\", George Lucas and Steven Spielberg encouraged their friend and filmmaker John Milius to write a Vietnam War film. Milius had wanted to volunteer for the war, and was disappointed when he was rejected for having asthma. Milius came up with the idea for adapting the plot of Joseph Conrad's \"Heart of Darkness\" to the Vietnam War setting. He had read the novel when he was a teenager and was reminded about it by one of his college lecturers who had mentioned the several unsuccessful attempts to adapt it into a movie. Screenwriter John Milius","psg_id":"12362686"},{"title":"Chas Gerretsen","text":"the war film \"Apocalypse Now\". Apart from his still photographs, his contribution to the film was the suggestion, during a lunch with Francis Ford Coppola regarding the scene where a TV correspondent (played by Francis Ford Coppola) yells at some passing soldiers, \"Don’t look at the camera.\" \"..that if Francis wanted to mock TV correspondents in South Vietnam he should create a photojournalist because, \"we were all crazy.\" A couple of days later, after the arrival of Dennis Hopper, Chas was asked by Jerry Ziesmer to report to Francis Ford Coppola: \"on how to dress a combat photographer.\" From that","psg_id":"17574815"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now Redux","text":"of \"The New York Times\", who wrote that it \"grows richer and stranger with each viewing, and the restoration of scenes left in the cutting room two decades ago has only added to its sublimity.\" Some critics, however, thought the new scenes slowed the pacing, were too lengthy (notably the French plantation sequence), and added nothing overall to the film's impact. Owen Gleiberman wrote \"\"Apocalypse Now Redux\" is the meandering, indulgent art project that [Francis Ford Coppola] was still enough of a craftsman, in 1979, to avoid.\" Despite this, other critics still gave it high ratings. Roger Ebert wrote: \"Longer","psg_id":"5543232"},{"title":"1979 Cannes Film Festival","text":"1979 Cannes Film Festival The 32nd Cannes Film Festival was held from 10 to 24 May 1979. The Palme d'Or went to \"Apocalypse Now\" by Francis Ford Coppola, which was screened as a work in progress, and \"Die Blechtrommel (The Tin Drum)\" by Volker Schlöndorff. The festival opened with \"Hair\", directed by Miloš Forman and closed with \"À nous deux\", directed by Claude Lelouch. Françoise Sagan, the President of the Jury raised a controversy as she complained that Robert Favre Le Bret, the President of the Festival, had stepped out of his role and had put pressure on the jury","psg_id":"12950929"},{"title":"Carmine Coppola","text":"Carmine Coppola Carmine Valentino Coppola (June 11, 1910 – April 26, 1991) was an American composer, flautist, editor, musical director, and songwriter who contributed original music to \"The Godfather\", \"The Godfather Part II\", \"Apocalypse Now\", \"The Outsiders\", and \"The Godfather Part III\", all directed by his son Francis Ford Coppola. Coppola was born in New York City, the son of Marie (née Zasa) and Agostino Coppola. His brother is opera conductor and composer Anton Coppola. He was the father of August Coppola, Francis Ford Coppola, and Talia Shire, and grandfather of Nicolas Cage, Sofia Coppola, Roman Coppola, Jason Schwartzman and","psg_id":"5018681"},{"title":"Sicario (2015 film)","text":"the acting of Emily Blunt, Benicio del Toro, and Josh Brolin. He stated that although her character Kate Macer was implausible, Emily Blunt \"brazens out any possible absurdity with great acting focus and front\". Chris Ryan of \"Grantland\" compared \"Sicario\" to the 1979 film \"Apocalypse Now\" directed by Francis Ford Coppola, noting an analogy between the former's themes with respect to the Mexican Drug War and the latter's with respect to the Vietnam War. He also stated that the characters Alejandro Gillick and Matt Graver in \"Sicario\" resemble those of Colonel Walter E. Kurtz and Lieutenant Colonel William Kilgore, respectively,","psg_id":"18142818"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now","text":"Since his 1974 film \"The Conversation\" won the Palme d'Or, Coppola agreed to screen \"Apocalypse Now\" with only a month before the festival. The week prior to Cannes, Coppola arranged three sneak previews of slightly different versions. He allowed critics to attend the screenings and believed that they would honor the embargo placed on reviews. On 14 May, Rona Barrett reviewed the film on television and called it \"a disappointing failure\". At Cannes, Zoetrope technicians worked during the night before the screening to install additional speakers on the theater walls, to achieve Murch's 5.1 soundtrack. On August 15, 1979 \"Apocalypse","psg_id":"12362710"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now","text":"restored to such heights you can, indeed, get a nose full of the napalm.\" Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a \"Certified Fresh\" rating of 96% based on 84 reviews, with an average rating of 8.9/10. The website's critical consensus states that \"Francis Ford Coppola's haunting, hallucinatory Vietnam war epic is cinema at its most audacious and visionary\". Today, the movie is regarded by many as a masterpiece of the New Hollywood era. Roger Ebert considered it to be the finest film on the Vietnam war and included it on his list for the 2002 \"Sight & Sound\" poll for the","psg_id":"12362729"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"While notorious for its lengthy and strenuous production, the film is widely acclaimed for its vivid depiction of the Vietnam War. It won the Palme d'Or at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival, making Coppola one of only eight filmmakers to win two Palme d'Or awards. While a number of Coppola's ventures in the 1980s and 1990s were critically lauded, he has never quite achieved the same commercial success with films as in the 1970s. His most well-known films released since the start of the 1980s are the dramas \"The Outsiders\" and \"Rumble Fish\" (both 1983), the crime-drama \"The Cotton Club\"","psg_id":"138091"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now","text":"system, where the film would run continuously for ten years, and then hopefully anybody who wanted to show the film in their theaters would have to approach Coppola and exhibit it on his terms. Coppola was drawn to Milius's script, which he described as \"a comedy and a terrifying psychological horror story\". In the spring of 1974, Coppola discussed with friends and co-producers Fred Roos and Gray Frederickson the idea of producing the film. He asked Lucas and then Milius to direct \"Apocalypse Now\", but both men were involved with other projects; in Lucas's case, he got the go-ahead to","psg_id":"12362692"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"E. Hinton novel and filmed at the same time as \"The Outsiders\" on-location in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Carmine Coppola wrote and edited the musical score, including the title song \"Stay Gold\", which was based upon a famous Robert Frost poem and performed for the movie by Stevie Wonder. The film was a moderate box-office success, drawing a revenue of $25 million against a budget of $10 million. \"Rumble Fish\" was based on the novel of the same name by S. E. Hinton, who also co-wrote the screenplay. Shot in black-and-white as an homage to German expressionist films, \"Rumble Fish\" centres on","psg_id":"138126"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"up with fellow Oscar-winning directors Martin Scorsese and Woody Allen for an anthology film called \"New York Stories\". Coppola directed the \"Life Without Zoë\" segment, starring his sister Talia Shire and also co-wrote the film with his daughter Sofia Coppola. \"Life Without Zoë\" was mostly panned by critics and was generally considered the segment that brought the film's overall quality down. Hal Hinson of The Washington Post wrote a particularly scathing review, stating that \"It's impossible to know what Francis Coppola's \"Life Without Zoë\" is. Co-written with his daughter Sofia, the film is a mystifying embarrassment; it's by far the","psg_id":"138131"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now","text":"According to Coppola, the film may be considered anti-war, but is even more anti-lie: \"...the fact that a culture can lie about what's really going on in warfare, that people are being brutalized, tortured, maimed, and killed, and somehow present this as moral is what horrifies me, and perpetuates the possibility of war\". In May 2011, a newly restored digital print of \"Apocalypse Now\" was released in UK cinemas, distributed by Optimum Releasing. \"Total Film\" magazine gave the film a five-star review, stating: \"This is the original cut rather than the 2001 'Redux' (be gone, jarring French plantation interlude!), digitally","psg_id":"12362728"},{"title":"Frederic Forrest","text":"Frederic Forrest Frederic Fenimore Forrest Jr. (born December 23, 1936) is a retired American actor. Forrest came to public attention for his performance in \"When the Legends Die\" (1972), which earned him a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Newcomer. He went on to receive Academy and Golden Globe Award nominations in the Best Supporting Actor category for his portrayal of Huston Dyer in musical drama \"The Rose\" (1979). Forrest portrayed Jay \"Chef\" Hicks in Francis Ford Coppola's epic war film \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979), and collaborated with Coppola on four other films: \"The Conversation\" (1974), \"One from","psg_id":"4053454"},{"title":"War film","text":"addition, the film industry was in crisis, and the army did not wish to assist in making anti-war films. From the late 1970s, independently financed and produced films showed Hollywood that Vietnam could be treated in film. Successful but very different portrayals of the war in which America had been defeated included Michael Cimino's \"The Deer Hunter\" (1978), and Francis Ford Coppola's \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979). With the shift in American politics to the right in the 1980s, military success could again be shown in films such as Oliver Stone's \"Platoon\" (1986), Stanley Kubrick's \"Full Metal Jacket\" (1987) and John Irvin's","psg_id":"452205"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"1998, when the jurors in the resultant court case awarded Coppola $20 million as compensation for losing the \"Pinocchio\" film project. However, they also awarded him a further $60 million in punitive damages on top, stemming from his charges that Warner Bros. sabotaged his intended version. This is the largest civil financial verdict ever against a Hollywood studio. During the filming of \"Contact\" on December 28, 1996, Coppola filed a lawsuit against Carl Sagan and Warner Bros. Sagan had died a week earlier and Coppola claimed that Sagan's novel \"Contact\" was based on a story the pair had developed for","psg_id":"138140"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now","text":"Philippines and said, \"We had access to too much money, too much equipment, and little by little we went insane\", and \"My film is not about Vietnam, it \"is\" Vietnam\". The filmmaker upset newspaper critic Rex Reed who reportedly stormed out of the conference. \"Apocalypse Now\" won the Palme d'Or for best film along with Volker Schlöndorff's \"The Tin Drum\" – a decision that was reportedly greeted with \"some boos and jeers from the audience\". \"Apocalypse Now\" performed well at the box office when it opened in August 1979. The film initially opened in one theater in New York City,","psg_id":"12362722"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now","text":"noise of engines high in the sky is heard. Coppola said that he made up for cutting this scene by having the PBR pass under an airplane tail in the final cut. A 289-minute workprint circulates as a video bootleg, containing extra material not included in either the original theatrical release or the \"redux\" version. A three-hour version of \"Apocalypse Now\" was screened as a \"work in progress\" at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival and met with prolonged applause. At the subsequent press conference, Coppola criticized the media for attacking him and the production during their problems filming in the","psg_id":"12362721"},{"title":"Heart of Darkness","text":"Karloff) as its final act, and adds a backstory in which Marlow had been Kurtz's adopted son. The cast includes Inga Swenson and Eartha Kitt. The most famous adaptation is Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 motion picture \"Apocalypse Now\" based on the screenplay by John Milius, which moves the story from the Congo to Vietnam and Cambodia during the Vietnam War. In \"Apocalypse Now\", Martin Sheen plays Captain Benjamin L. Willard, a US Army Captain assigned to \"terminate the command\" of Colonel Walter E. Kurtz. Marlon Brando played Kurtz, in one of his most famous roles. A production documentary of the","psg_id":"178220"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now","text":"make \"Star Wars\", and declined the offer to direct \"Apocalypse Now\". Coppola was determined to make the film and pressed ahead himself. He envisioned the film as a definitive statement on the nature of modern war, the difference between good and evil, and the impact of American society on the rest of the world. The director said that he wanted to take the audience \"through an unprecedented experience of war and have them react as much as those who had gone through the war\". In 1975, while promoting \"The Godfather Part II\" in Australia, Coppola and his producers scouted possible","psg_id":"12362693"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now","text":"the film did financially well in 1979. The film was given the same kind of release as the exclusive engagement in 1979, with no logo or credits and audiences were given a printed program. Upon its release, \"Apocalypse Now\" received mixed reviews. In his original review, Roger Ebert wrote, \"\"Apocalypse Now\" achieves greatness not by analyzing our 'experience in Vietnam', but by re-creating, in characters and images, something of that experience\". In his review for the \"Los Angeles Times\", Charles Champlin wrote, \"as a noble use of the medium and as a tireless expression of national anguish, it towers over","psg_id":"12362724"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"with Mario Puzo), Best Picture, and his first nomination for Best Director. He followed with \"The Godfather Part II\" in 1974, which became the first sequel to win the Academy Award for Best Picture. Highly regarded by critics, it brought him three more Academy Awards: Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Director and Best Picture, and made him the second director, after Billy Wilder, to be honored three times for the same film. \"The Conversation\", which he directed, produced and wrote, was released that same year, winning the Palme d'Or at the 1974 Cannes Film Festival. He next directed 1979's \"Apocalypse Now\".","psg_id":"138090"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"dynamics, \"Tetro\"'s arresting visuals and emotional core compensate for its uneven narrative.\" Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" gave the film 3 stars, praising the film for being \"boldly operatic, involving family drama, secrets, generations at war, melodrama, romance and violence\". Ebert also praised Vincent Gallo's performance and claimed that Alden Ehrenreich is \"the new Leonardo DiCaprio\". Todd McCarthy of \"Variety\" gave the film a B+ judging that \"when Coppola finds creative nirvana, he frequently has trouble delivering the full goods.\" Richard Corliss of \"TIME\" gave the film a mixed review, praising Ehrenreich's performance, but claiming Coppola \"has made a","psg_id":"138144"},{"title":"Josh Hall (One Life to Live)","text":"Francis Ford Coppola film, \"Apocalypse Now\". Fishburne lied to Coppola about his age to win the \"Apocalypse Now\" role of 17-year-old Vietnam War Navy PBR crewmember Tyrone \"Mr. Clean\" Miller. Todd Davis took over the role from Fishburne briefly in 1977. He left \"One Life to Live\" to play Bryan Phillips on fellow ABC Daytime soap opera \"General Hospital\" from 1978 until 1986. Guy Davis played the character from 1985 until its last appearance in 1986. Josh Hall (One Life to Live) Josh Hall is a fictional character on the American soap opera \"One Life to Live\", originated by actor","psg_id":"13460876"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"of the same name by S. E. Hinton. Coppola credited his inspiration for making the film to a suggestion from middle school students who had read the novel. \"The Outsiders\" is notable for being the breakout film for a number of young actors who would go on to become major stars. These included major roles for Matt Dillon, Ralph Macchio and C. Thomas Howell. Also in the cast were Patrick Swayze, Rob Lowe, Emilio Estevez, Diane Lane and Tom Cruise. Matt Dillon and several others also starred in Coppola's related film, \"Rumble Fish\", which was also based on a S.","psg_id":"138125"},{"title":"Sofia Coppola","text":"the lack of female directors She said that she did what she could and is confident that her work is her own. After Francis Ford Coppola did not assist Coppola in securing the rights to the Jeffrey Eugenides novel \"The Virgin Suicides\" that her 1999 film was based on, much of the criticism surrounding her familial benefits subsided. Coppola usually involves her father in her projects. She has said that she likes being independent but respects him and his suggestions, though in the end always makes the choice she feels is right for a given movie. Coppola professed a love","psg_id":"2281937"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now","text":"The 35mm release used the new Dolby Stereo optical stereo system, but due to the limitations of the technology at the time, this 35mm release that played in the majority of theaters did not include any surround sound. In May 1978, Coppola postponed the opening until spring of 1979 and screened a \"work in progress\" for 900 people in April 1979 that was not well received. That same year, he was invited to screen \"Apocalypse Now\" at the Cannes Film Festival. United Artists were not keen on showing an unfinished version in front of so many members of the press.","psg_id":"12362709"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now","text":"locations for \"Apocalypse Now\" in Cairns in northern Queensland, that had jungle resembling Vietnam. He decided to make his film in the Philippines for its access to American equipment and cheap labor. Production coordinator Fred Roos had already made two low-budget films there for Monte Hellman, and had friends and contacts in the country. Coppola spent the last few months of 1975 revising Milius's script and negotiating with United Artists to secure financing for the production. According to Frederickson, the budget was estimated between $12 and 14 million. Coppola's American Zoetrope assembled $8 million from distributors outside the United States","psg_id":"12362694"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now Redux","text":"entirely new scenes. One of the new scenes has the boat meeting the Playmates once again, further up the river; the other has them meet a family of holdout French colonists on their remote rubber plantation. There are also a few additional scenes with Colonel Kurtz. \"Apocalypse Now Redux\" originally premiered at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival in May. The screening marked the anniversary of the famous \"Apocalypse Now\" screening as a work in progress, where it ended up winning the Palme d'Or. Coppola went to the festival, also with Murch, Storaro, production designer Dean Tavoularis, producer Kim Aubry and","psg_id":"5543230"},{"title":"Robert Rheault","text":"have become Abrams, (CIA Director Richard) Helms and Nixon. The only winner would have been North Vietnam.\" After the war, Francis Ford Coppola, director of the 1979 film \"Apocalypse Now\" said that the character Colonel Walter Kurtz in the film was loosely based upon Rheault, whom he had become aware of through the 1969 news accounts of the Green Beret Affair. Upon retirement from the military, Rheault served as an instructor, program leader, and later, acting president of the Hurricane Island Outward Bound School in Rockland, Maine; retiring from the school in 2001 after 32 years of service. He also","psg_id":"16045093"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now","text":"told his wife that he felt \"there is only about a 20% chance [I] can pull the film off\". He convinced United Artists executives to delay the premiere from May to October 1978. Author Michael Herr received a call from Zoetrope in January 1978 and was asked to work on the film's narration based on his well-received book about Vietnam, \"Dispatches\". Herr said that the narration already written was \"totally useless\" and spent a year writing various narrations with Coppola giving him very definite guidelines. Murch had problems trying to make a stereo soundtrack for \"Apocalypse Now\" because sound libraries","psg_id":"12362707"},{"title":"Anthony Poshepny","text":"Poshepny was the model for Colonel Walter Kurtz in the film \"Apocalypse Now\". However, both Poshepny and director Francis Ford Coppola have denied any connection. Anthony Poshepny Anthony Alexander Poshepny (September 18, 1924 – June 27, 2003), known as Tony Poe, was a CIA paramilitary officer in what is now called Special Activities Division (renamed Special Activities Center in 2016 ). He is best remembered for training the US-funded secret army in Laos during the Vietnam War. Poshepny was born in Long Beach, California. When he was eight years old, his brother accidentally shot him in the stomach with the","psg_id":"3674064"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now","text":"everything that has been attempted by an American filmmaker in a very long time\". Other reviews were less positive; Frank Rich in \"Time\" said: \"While much of the footage is breathtaking, \"Apocalypse Now\" is emotionally obtuse and intellectually empty\". Vincent Canby argued, \"Mr. Coppola himself describes it as \"operatic,\" but ... Apocalypse Now is neither a tone poem nor an opera. It's an adventure yarn with delusions of grandeur, a movie that ends—in the all-too-familiar words of the poet Mr. Coppola drags in by the bootstraps—not with a bang, but a whimper.\" Ebert added Coppola's film to his list of","psg_id":"12362725"},{"title":"Sam Coppola","text":"Attraction\" (1987), starring Michael Douglas and Glenn Close. His many TV credits include \"The Practice\", \"The Good Wife\", \"Law & Order\", \"The Sopranos\", \"Ryan's Hope\" and the 2001 A&E movie \"The Big Heist\", in which he portrayed mob boss Paul Castellano. Coppola, no relation to film director Francis Ford Coppola, played a nursing home resident in a Chevy commercial that aired during 2011's Super Bowl and a hot dog vendor in a Ball Park Franks spot starring Michael Jordan. Coppola, a 38-year resident of Leonia, with no relation to film director Francis Ford Coppola, also had many stage roles. He","psg_id":"12508210"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now","text":"Now\" was released in the U.S. in only 15 theaters equipped to play the Dolby Stereo 70mm prints with stereo surround sound. At the time of its release, discussion and rumors circulated about the supposed various endings for \"Apocalypse Now\". Coppola said the original ending was written in haste, where Kurtz convinced Willard to join forces and together they repelled the air strike on the compound. Coppola said he never fully agreed with the Kurtz and Willard dying in fatalistic explosive intensity, preferring to end the film in a more encouraging manner. When Coppola originally organized the ending, he considered","psg_id":"12362711"},{"title":"Stalker (1979 film)","text":"of the \"Time Out Film Guide\" has compared \"Stalker\" to Francis Ford Coppola's \"Apocalypse Now\", also released in 1979, and argued that \"as a journey to the heart of darkness\" \"Stalker\" looks \"a good deal more persuasive than Coppola's.\" As well, \"Slant Magazine\" reviewer Nick Schager has praised the film as an \"endlessly pliable allegory about human consciousness\". In Schager's view \"Stalker\" shows \"something akin to the essence of what man is made of: a tangled knot of memories, fears, fantasies, nightmares, paradoxical impulses, and a yearning for something that's simultaneously beyond our reach and yet intrinsic to every one","psg_id":"1980913"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now","text":"The Great Movies, stating: \"\"Apocalypse Now\" is the best Vietnam film, one of the greatest of all films, because it pushes beyond the others, into the dark places of the soul. It is not about war so much as about how war reveals truths we would be happy never to discover\". Various commentators have debated whether \"Apocalypse Now\" is an anti-war or pro-war film. Some commentators' evidence of the film's anti-war message include the purposeless brutality of the war, the absence of military leadership, and the imagery of machinery destroying nature. Advocates of the film's pro-war stance, however, view these","psg_id":"12362726"},{"title":"Patton (film)","text":"Patton (film) Patton is a 1970 American epic biographical war film about U.S. General George S. Patton during World War II. It stars George C. Scott, Karl Malden, Michael Bates and Karl Michael Vogler. It was directed by Franklin J. Schaffner from a script by Francis Ford Coppola and Edmund H. North, who based their screenplay on the biography \"Patton: Ordeal and Triumph\" by Ladislas Farago and Omar Bradley's memoir \"A Soldier's Story\". The film was shot in 65 mm Dimension 150 by cinematographer Fred J. Koenekamp and has a music score by Jerry Goldsmith. \"Patton\" won seven Academy Awards,","psg_id":"963570"},{"title":"Jerry Ziesmer","text":"include \"The Way We Were\", \"Close Encounters of the Third Kind\", \"Scarface\", \"Illegally Yours\", \"Midnight Run\", \"History of the World, Part I\", \"Annie\", \"Say Anything\", \"Almost Famous\", and \"Jerry Maguire\". He took small acting parts in some of his films, for example playing a pilot in \"Blue Thunder\" and a salesman in \"Rocky II\". His most famous role is as a civilian intelligence officer named Jerry in Francis Ford Coppola's Vietnam War film, Apocalypse Now, in which he utters what some call the film's most memorable line, \"Terminate, with extreme prejudice\", to instruct the film's lead character to carry out","psg_id":"12700320"},{"title":"Gian-Carlo Coppola","text":"film \"Palo Alto\". Francis Ford Coppola subsequently dedicated 1988's \"\" to his son. A scene in Francis Ford Coppola's 2011 film \"Twixt\" shows the death of a character as being similar to his son's death. At the Inglenook winery, owned by Eleanor and Francis in Napa, California, there is a 12-acre vineyard named the 'Gio vineyard,' after Gian-Carlo by the workers, which was planted in 1988. Eleanor Coppola's touring art installation, 'Circle of Memory,' commemorates the life of Gian-Carlo and has been exhibited in San Diego, Oakland, Sante Fe, Montpellier, Salzburg, Stockholm, and Oslo. Gian-Carlo Coppola Gian-Carlo Coppola (September 17,","psg_id":"8986309"},{"title":"University of California, Los Angeles","text":"and a Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2005). Francis Ford Coppola ('67) was the director of the gangster film trilogy \"The Godfather\" and the Vietnam War film \"Apocalypse Now\" and Dustin Lance Black is the Academy Award-winning screenwriter of the film Milk. Meb Keflezighi ('98) is the winner of the 2014 Boston Marathon. UCLA also boasts an excellent military background, with hundreds of alumni serving their nation. Carlton Skinner was a U.S. Navy Commander who racially integrated the service at the end of World War II on the . He was also the first civilian governor of Guam. Francis B.","psg_id":"485773"},{"title":"Eleanor Coppola","text":"documentaries, Eleanor captures the struggles that have endangered her family's films even before they made it onto the big screen. Through her film work, Eleanor Coppola is able to illustrate not only what goes into a film financially, but also capture the emotional toll filmmaking has on the individuals on and off the camera. For her early film career, Eleanor Coppola spent much of her time accompanying her husband on his film shoots. In 1976, she began documenting the making of Coppola's war film \"Apocalypse Now\". Her recordings of the hectic film process were later released in her memoir \"Notes","psg_id":"2752039"},{"title":"Carmine Coppola","text":"Best Score for the film. He also composed most of the score for \"The Godfather Part III\" (1990). He made cameo appearances in all three \"Godfather\" films as a conductor. Carmine and Francis together scored \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979), for which they won a Golden Globe Award for best original score. He also composed a three-and-a-half-hour score for Francis' 1981 reconstruction of Abel Gance's 1927 epic \"Napoléon\". Carmine composed the music for \"The Black Stallion\" (1979), on which Francis was executive producer, and four other films directed by his son in the 1980s. In his audio commentary on \"The Godfather Part","psg_id":"5018684"},{"title":"August Coppola","text":"opened the AudioVision Workshop with colleague Professor Gregory Frazier, which utilized Frazier's original process of audio recording descriptions of film and theater action for the benefit of visually impaired audiences. Coppola was the author of the romantic novel \"The Intimacy\" (1978), and was working on a second novel, \"The Nymbus\", while living in Savannah, Georgia. August Coppola's final home was in Los Angeles, where he died of a heart attack on October 27, 2009 at age 75. The 150-seat August Coppola Theater on the San Francisco State campus is named in his honor. Francis Ford Coppola dedicated his 1983 film","psg_id":"13962673"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"to pay off his debts. (Zoetrope Studios finally filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1990, after which its name was changed to American Zoetrope). Following the disastrous \"One from the Heart\", Coppola co-directed \"Hammett\" along with Wim Wenders in the same year. Although Coppola was not credited for his effort, according to one source, \"by the time the final version was released in 1982, only 30 percent of Wenders' footage remained and the rest was completely reshot by Coppola, whose mere 'executive producer' credit is just a technicality.\" In 1983, he directed \"The Outsiders\", a film adaptation of the novel","psg_id":"138124"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"to win any of these awards, the only film in the trilogy not to do so. In 1992, Coppola directed and produced \"Bram Stoker's Dracula\". Adapted from Bram Stoker's novel, it was intended to be more faithful to the book than previous film adaptations. Coppola cast Gary Oldman in the film's title role, with Keanu Reeves, Winona Ryder and Anthony Hopkins in supporting roles. The movie became a box-office hit, grossing $82,522,790 domestically, making it the 15th highest-grossing film of the year. It fared even better overseas grossing $133,339,902 for a total worldwide gross of $215,862,692 against a budget of","psg_id":"138133"},{"title":"Gia Coppola","text":"Gia Coppola Gian-Carla \"Gia\" Coppola (born January 1, 1987) is an American film director, screenwriter, and actress. She is a granddaughter of Francis Ford Coppola, the daughter of Gian-Carlo Coppola and the niece of Roman Coppola and Sofia Coppola. Coppola is the daughter of Gian-Carlo Coppola and Jacqui de la Fontaine. Her father died in a speed boating accident while her mother was pregnant with her. The credits of the 1996 film \"Jack\", directed by her grandfather Francis Ford Coppola, include the dedication \"for gia 'When you see a shooting star...'\" (with her name stylized in lower case). She was","psg_id":"17558775"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"me it's the best adaptation of any of [my books]... I love the movie. It's so well done.\" The film grossed about $45 million domestically. This would be more than the estimated production budget of $40 million, but a disappointment compared with previous films adapted from Grisham novels. In the late 1980s, Coppola started considering concepts for a motion picture based upon the 19th century novel \"The Adventures of Pinocchio\" and in 1991, Coppola and Warner Bros. began discussing the project as well as two others involving the life of J. Edgar Hoover and the children's novel \"The Secret Garden\".","psg_id":"138138"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"\"You're a Big Boy Now\" and fused it with a story idea of his own, resulting in \"You're a Big Boy Now\" (1966). This was his UCLA thesis project that also received a theatrical release via Warner Bros. This movie brought him some critical acclaim and eventually his Master of Fine Arts Degree from UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television in 1967. Following the success of \"You're a Big Boy Now\", Coppola was offered the reins of the movie version of the Broadway musical \"Finian's Rainbow\", starring Petula Clark in her first American film and veteran Fred Astaire. Producer","psg_id":"138102"},{"title":"Harrison Ford","text":"he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor; and Jack Ryan in the action films \"Patriot Games\" (1992) and \"Clear and Present Danger\" (1994). His career spans six decades and includes roles in several Hollywood blockbusters, including the epic war film \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979), the legal drama \"Presumed Innocent\" (1990), the action film \"The Fugitive\" (1993), the political action thriller \"Air Force One\" (1997), and the psychological thriller \"What Lies Beneath\" (2000). Seven of his films have been inducted into the National Film Registry: \"American Graffiti\" (1973), \"The Conversation\" (1974), \"Star Wars\" (1977), \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979), \"The Empire","psg_id":"544819"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"the movie. He had been friends with Robin Williams for many years and had always wanted to work with him as an actor. When Williams was offered the screenplay for \"Jack\", he said he would only agree to do it if Coppola agreed to sign on as director. The last film Coppola directed in the 90s, \"The Rainmaker\", was based on the 1995 novel of the same name by John Grisham. An ensemble courtroom drama, the film was well received by critics, earning an 88% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Roger Ebert gave \"The Rainmaker\" three stars out of four, remarking:","psg_id":"138136"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"screenplay. The film recouped its expenses and later became a cult film among horror buffs. It was on the sets of \"Dementia 13\" that he met his future wife Eleanor Jessie Neil. In 1965, Coppola won the annual Samuel Goldwyn Award for the best screenplay (\"Pilma, Pilma\") written by a UCLA student. This secured him a job as a scriptwriter with Seven Arts. In between, he co-wrote the scripts for \"This Property Is Condemned\" (1966) and \"Is Paris Burning?\" (1966). However, with fame still eluding him and partly out of desperation, Coppola bought the rights to the David Benedictus novel","psg_id":"138101"},{"title":"Sorcerer (film)","text":"the film\". Film critic Gloria Heifetz has added that Friedkin's direction prevents this line from becoming sentimental, and ties in with the film's finale. Friedkin originally conceived \"Sorcerer\" as a \"little 2.5 million in-between movie\", a stepping stone to realize his next major project, \"The Devil's Triangle\", the planned follow-up to \"The Exorcist\". However, Steven Spielberg at that point had already made \"Close Encounters of the Third Kind\", which presumably nullified the project. Peter Biskind theorized that Friedkin had always seen Francis Ford Coppola as his competitor, so when Coppola headed to the Philippines to direct \"Apocalypse Now\", Friedkin went","psg_id":"2576428"},{"title":"You're a Big Boy Now (novel)","text":"You're a Big Boy Now (novel) You're a Big Boy Now is a 1963 satirical novel by the British author David Benedictus. It was adapted into a 1966 film directed by Francis Ford Coppola, with the setting changed from London to New York City. Benedictus dedicated the book to \"the only girl I've ever loved—wherever they may be\"; in a preface, the author describes the novel as an examination of \"the deadliest form of self-destruction, which is love\". The central character of the novel is Bernard Chanticleer, a shoe salesman at a London department store at which his father is","psg_id":"14069112"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now","text":"to the other \"I loved you in \"Wall Street\"!\", referring to the 1987 film that had featured both of them. Additionally, the promotional material for \"Hot Shots! Part Deux\" included a mockumentary that aired on HBO titled \"Hearts of Hot Shots! Part Deux—A Filmmaker's Apology\", in parody of the 1991 documentary \"\", about the making of \"Apocalypse Now\". On January 25, 2017, Coppola announced that he was seeking funding through Kickstarter for a horror role-playing video game based on \"Apocalypse Now\". The game has since been cancelled by Montgomery Markland (the game's director), as revealed on the official game Tumblr.","psg_id":"12362735"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"artist, one usually working outside his / her expected field. Previous guest designers include Gus Van Sant, Tom Waits, Laurie Anderson, Marjane Satrapi, Guillermo del Toro, David Bowie, David Byrne, and Dennis Hopper. Coppola serves as founding editor and publisher of \"All-Story\". Coppola stated that \"The Godfather Part IV\" was never made as Mario Puzo died before they had a chance to write the film. Andy García has since claimed the film's script was nearly produced. Coppola was the jury president at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival and he also took part as a special guest at the 46th International","psg_id":"138153"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"Fred and Ed Doumani. The same year he directed an episode of \"Faerie Tale Theatre\" entitled \"Rip Van Winkle\", where Harry Dean Stanton played the lead role. In 1986, Coppola directed \"Captain EO\", a 17-minute space fantasy for Disney theme parks executive produced by George Lucas, starring singer Michael Jackson. In 1986 Coppola released the comedy \"Peggy Sue Got Married\" starring Kathleen Turner, Coppola's nephew Nicolas Cage, and Jim Carrey. Much like \"The Outsiders\" and \"Rumble Fish\", \"Peggy Sue Got Married\" centered around teenage youth. The film earned Coppola positive feedback and provided Kathleen Turner her first and only Oscar","psg_id":"138128"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"decided he would name his future studio \"Zoetrope\" after receiving a gift of zoetropes from Mogens Scot-Hansen, founder of a studio called Lanterna Film and owner of a famous collection of early motion picture-making equipment. While touring Europe, Coppola was introduced to alternative filmmaking equipment and inspired by the bohemian spirit of Lanterna Film, he decided he would build a deviant studio that would conceive and implement creative, unconventional approaches to filmmaking. Upon his return home, Coppola and George Lucas searched for a mansion in Marin County to house the studio. However, in 1969, with equipment flowing in and no","psg_id":"138105"},{"title":"Lisa Fruchtman","text":"Richard Marks, and Peter Zinner on \"The Godfather Part II\" (1974), directed by Francis Ford Coppola. This film was edited to have a complex structure that weaves a contemporary story with a background story in Sicily at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries; the film was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Editing. Fruchtman was one of several editors hired by Coppola in 1977 for the post-production of \"Apocalypse Now\". Coppola had shot about 250 hours of film that needed to be cut down to 2.5 hours for its theatrical release. Evan Lottman and Barry Malkin had","psg_id":"17743080"},{"title":"The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (film)","text":"The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (film) The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse is a 1921 American silent epic war film produced by Metro Pictures Corporation and directed by Rex Ingram. Based on the Spanish novel \"The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse\" by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, it was adapted for the screen by June Mathis. The film stars Pomeroy Cannon, Josef Swickard, Bridgetta Clark, Rudolph Valentino, Wallace Beery, and Alice Terry. Often regarded as one of the first true anti-war films, it had a huge cultural impact and became the top-grossing film of 1921, beating out Charlie Chaplin's \"The Kid\".","psg_id":"5423907"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now","text":"Forces Group, was indicted for murder and President Richard Nixon authorized the secret Cambodian Campaign. Coppola said that Rheault was an inspiration for the character of Colonel Kurtz. The voice-over narration of Willard was written by war correspondent Herr, whose 1977 Vietnam memoir \"Dispatches\" brought him to the attention of Coppola. A major influence on the film was Werner Herzog's \"Aguirre, the Wrath of God\" (1972), which also features a river journey and an insane soldier. The film revolves around a river journey from South Vietnam into Cambodia undertaken by Captain Benjamin L. Willard (a character based on Conrad's Marlow","psg_id":"12362670"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now","text":"it the first home video release to display the film in its theatrical aspect ratio of 2.39:1. As a DVD extra, the footage of the explosion of the Kurtz compound was featured without text credits but included commentary by Coppola, explaining the various endings based on how the film was screened. On the cover of the \"Redux\" DVD, Willard is erroneously listed as \"Lieutenant Willard\". \"\" (American Zoetrope/Cineplex Odeon Films) (1991) Directed by Eleanor Coppola, George Hickenlooper, and Fax Bahr \"Apocalypse Now – The Complete Dossier\" DVD (Paramount Home Entertainment) (2006). Disc 2 extras include: Informational notes Citations Further reading","psg_id":"12362738"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now","text":"film stocks and lenses to capture the explosions at different speeds. He wanted to do something with the dramatic footage and decided to add them to the credits. In 2001, Coppola released \"Apocalypse Now Redux\" in cinemas and subsequently on DVD. This is an extended version that restores 49 minutes of scenes cut from the original film. Coppola has continued to circulate the original version as well: the two versions are packaged together in the \"Complete Dossier\" DVD, released on August 15, 2006 and in the Blu-ray edition released on October 19, 2010. The longest section of added footage in","psg_id":"12362716"},{"title":"You're a Big Boy Now (novel)","text":"flaws\", which he said included its cruel comedy and heavy-handed irony. According to Powers, one ought to \"read it as a burlesque of '\"An American Tragedy\",' as a spoof of Angry British fiction, as a frightening condemnation of love. There is no end to the possibilities.\" The novel was brought to the attention of Francis Ford Coppola by actor Tony Bill, who wanted to play Bernard in any movie adaptation. But Coppola cast instead Peter Kastner, a young Canadian actor. Coppola optioned the film for $1,000, and drafted a script in his spare time while working on the film \"Is","psg_id":"14069115"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"a television special back in 1975, titled \"First Contact\". Under their development agreement, Coppola and Sagan were to split proceeds from the project with American Zoetrope and Children's Television Workshop Productions, as well as any novel Sagan would write. The TV program was never produced, but in 1985, Simon & Schuster published Sagan's \"Contact\" and Warner Bros. moved forward with development of a film adaptation. Coppola sought at least $250,000 in compensatory damages and an injunction against production or distribution of the film. Even though Sagan was shown to have violated some of the terms of the agreement, the case","psg_id":"138141"},{"title":"Beyond the Black Rainbow","text":"he and the director \"also looked at abstract paintings, photographs, and architectural design books\" for inspiration. One of \"Beyond the Black Rainbow\"'s notable characteristics is its deliberately slow, hypnotic pace. According to Cosmatos, \"Beyond the Black Rainbow\" belongs to what he dubbed the \"trance film\" subgenre. Cosmatos mentioned Francis Ford Coppola's \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979), Alain Resnais' \"Last Year at Marienbad\" (1961) and Saul Bass's \"Phase IV\" (1974) as cinematographic blueprints for his debut film. Cosmatos explained the rationale behind his screen-writing, which downplays the \"very concrete story at the heart of it\" in favor of an \"atmospheric\" approach: Jeremy Schmidt,","psg_id":"15812422"},{"title":"Apocalypse Now Redux","text":"new color balance of the film and new scenes. When \"Redux\" was being released, Storaro learned that a Technicolor dye-transfer process was being brought back. The dye-transfer is a three-strip process that makes the color highly saturated and has consistent black tone. Storaro wished to use this on \"Redux\", but in order to do it, he needed to cut the original negative of \"Apocalypse Now\", leaving \"Apocalypse Now Redux\" the only version available. Storaro decided to do it, when convinced by Coppola that this version would be the one that would be remembered. The film contains several alterations, and two","psg_id":"5543229"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"located on the former Chateau Souverain Winery, where he has opened a family-friendly facility, is influenced by the idea of the Tivoli Gardens in Copenhagen, with swimming pools, bocce courts and a restaurant. The winery displays several of Coppola's Oscars along with memorabilia from his movies, including Vito Corleone's desk from \"The Godfather\" and a restored 1948 Tucker Sedan as used in \"\". Included in the Francis Ford Coppola Presents lifestyle brand are several hotels and resorts around the world. The Blancaneaux Lodge in Belize, which from the early 1980s was a family retreat until it was opened to the","psg_id":"138150"},{"title":"Apocalypse Child","text":"thought what if the \"Apocalypse Now\" production team also left some children as well. They conceptualized Ford, who was told his whole life that he was the son of \"Apocalypse Now\" director Francis Ford Coppola.They also explored archetypes such as the favorite daughter, sacrificing mother, the \"worst fault\", and the father’s son. When the script was being written by the duo, they had Sid Lucero already in mind as part of the cast. The script was submitted to the QCinema Film Festival after which they secured partial funding. The film was shot in Baler, Aurora within 20 days with production","psg_id":"20403193"},{"title":"Marc Coppola (actor)","text":"cousin of director Sofia Coppola, Robert Schwartzman, actor and lead singer of the band Rooney, and actor and former Phantom Planet drummer Jason Schwartzman. Coppola's brother is actor Nicolas Cage. Coppola is married to actress Elizabeth Seton Brindak. They have two children; Natasha Coppola-Shalom, who is an actress, and Cayley Coppola. Coppola entered the film industry at a young age thanks to his family. He first appeared in \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979) where he was also in the casting department. Coppola acted in 11 other films and two episodes of \"Law & Order\". He worked as a DJ at KLOS 95.5","psg_id":"10957949"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"II\". According to Coppola, the studio's objection stemmed from the belief that audiences would be reluctant to see a film with such a title, as the audience would supposedly believe that, having already seen \"The Godfather\", there was little reason to see an addition to the original story. However, the success of \"The Godfather Part II\" began the Hollywood tradition of numbered sequels. The movie was released in 1974 and went on to receive tremendous critical acclaim, with many deeming it superior to its predecessor. It was nominated for 11 Academy Awards and received 6 Oscars, including 3 for Coppola:","psg_id":"138117"},{"title":"The Godfather","text":"voiceovers and their likenesses, but Pacino did not. Francis Ford Coppola openly voiced his disapproval of the game. The Godfather The Godfather is a 1972 American crime film directed by Francis Ford Coppola and produced by Albert S. Ruddy, based on Mario Puzo's best-selling novel of the same name. It stars Marlon Brando and Al Pacino as the leaders of a fictional New York crime family. The story, spanning 1945 to 1955, chronicles the family under the patriarch Vito Corleone (Brando), focusing on the transformation of Michael Corleone (Pacino) from reluctant family outsider to ruthless mafia boss. Paramount Pictures obtained","psg_id":"5810935"},{"title":"Vittorio Storaro","text":"the way in which colors influence our perceptions of different situations. He first worked with Bertolucci on \"The Conformist\" (1970). Set in Fascist Italy, the film has been described as a \"visual masterpiece.\" Also in 1970, he photographed \"The Bird with the Crystal Plumage\", the directorial debut of Dario Argento and a landmark film in the giallo genre. The first American film that Storaro worked on was \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979). Director Francis Ford Coppola gave him free rein on the film's visual look. \"Apocalypse Now\" earned Storaro his first Academy Award. He worked with Warren Beatty for the first time","psg_id":"3830771"},{"title":"Francis Ford Coppola","text":"sequences lost from the original 1979 cut of the film, thereby expanding its length to 200 minutes. \"Apocalypse Now\" marked the end of the golden phase of Coppola's career. His musical fantasy \"One from the Heart\", although pioneering the use of video-editing techniques which are standard practice in the film industry today, ended with a disastrous box-office gross of $636,796 against a US$26 million budget, far from enough to recoup the costs incurred in the production of the movie and he was forced to sell his 23-acre Zoetrope Studio in 1983. He would spend the rest of the decade working","psg_id":"138123"},{"title":"Eleanor Coppola","text":"(nèe Loughton) in Sunset Beach, California. She graduated from UCLA with a degree in applied design and was a member of the women's fraternity Alpha Chi Omega (Alpha Psi chapter). While working on the set of the 1962 horror film \"Dementia 13\", she met her future husband Francis Ford Coppola. Her position was assistant art director, while Coppola was making his directorial debut with the film. The couple had been dating for several months when Eleanor discovered in 1963 that she was pregnant. Initially Eleanor considered giving the baby up for adoption, but was convinced otherwise by Francis Ford Coppola.","psg_id":"2752037"},{"title":"Patton (film)","text":"Guild of America selected Francis Ford Coppola and Edmund North's adapted screenplay as the 94th best screenplay of all time. American Film Institute Lists A made-for-television sequel, \"The Last Days of Patton\", was produced in 1986. Scott reprised his title role. The film was based on Patton's final weeks after being mortally injured in a car accident, with flashbacks of Patton's life. Patton (film) Patton is a 1970 American epic biographical war film about U.S. General George S. Patton during World War II. It stars George C. Scott, Karl Malden, Michael Bates and Karl Michael Vogler. It was directed by","psg_id":"963598"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now Redux\",\n \"text\": \"Carmine and Francis Ford Coppola (with some tracks co-composed by Mickey Hart and Richard Hansen). The first track is an abridged version of The Doors' eleven-minute epic \\\"The End\\\". All songs written by Carmine Coppola and Francis Ford Coppola, except where noted: Apocalypse Now Redux Apocalypse Now Redux is a 2001 extended version of Francis Ford Coppola's epic war film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", which was originally released in 1979. Coppola, along with editor/longtime collaborator Walter Murch, added 49 minutes of material that had been removed from the original film. It represents a significant re-edit of the original version. Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5543234\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now Redux\",\n \"text\": \"Apocalypse Now Redux Apocalypse Now Redux is a 2001 extended version of Francis Ford Coppola's epic war film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", which was originally released in 1979. Coppola, along with editor/longtime collaborator Walter Murch, added 49 minutes of material that had been removed from the original film. It represents a significant re-edit of the original version. Francis Ford Coppola began production on the new cut with working-partner Kim Aubry. Coppola then tried to get Murch, who was reluctant at first. He thought it would be extremely difficult recutting a film that had taken two years to edit originally. He later changed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5543225\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\",\n \"text\": \"Apocalypse Now Apocalypse Now is a 1979 American epic war film directed, produced, and co-written by Francis Ford Coppola. It stars Marlon Brando, Robert Duvall, Martin Sheen, Frederic Forrest, Albert Hall, Sam Bottoms, Laurence Fishburne, and Dennis Hopper. The screenplay, co-written by Coppola and John Milius (who received an Oscar nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay) and featuring narration written by Michael Herr, is an updating of Joseph Conrad's novella \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\". The setting was changed from late 19th-century Congo to the Vietnam War \\\"ca.\\\" 1969–70, the years in which Green Beret Colonel Robert Rheault, commander of the 5th Special\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12362739\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\",\n \"text\": \"Apocalypse Now Apocalypse Now is a 1979 American epic war film directed, produced, and co-written by Francis Ford Coppola. It stars Marlon Brando, Robert Duvall, Martin Sheen, Frederic Forrest, Albert Hall, Sam Bottoms, Laurence Fishburne, and Dennis Hopper. The screenplay, co-written by Coppola and John Milius (who received an Oscar nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay) and featuring narration written by Michael Herr, is an updating of Joseph Conrad's novella \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\". The setting was changed from late 19th-century Congo to the Vietnam War \\\"ca.\\\" 1969–70, the years in which Green Beret Colonel Robert Rheault, commander of the 5th Special\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12362669\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse\",\n \"text\": \"Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse is a 1991 American documentary film about the production of \\\"Apocalypse Now,\\\" the 1979 Vietnam War epic directed by Francis Ford Coppola. The title is derived from the Joseph Conrad novella \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\", the source material for \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". Using behind-the-scenes footage, and narrated by Eleanor Coppola, the documentary chronicles how production problems—among them bad weather, actors' poor health, and other issues—delayed the film, increasing costs and nearly destroying the life and career of its director, her husband, Francis Ford Coppola. In 1990, Coppola turned her material\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2752208\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Tropic Thunder\\\" parodies both \\\"Hearts of Darkness\\\" and \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". The animated series \\\"Eek! The Cat\\\" also did a parody episode \\\"Eekpocalypse Now!\\\" Season 2, Episode 5A. Other documentaries about troubled movie productions: Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse is a 1991 American documentary film about the production of \\\"Apocalypse Now,\\\" the 1979 Vietnam War epic directed by Francis Ford Coppola. The title is derived from the Joseph Conrad novella \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\", the source material for \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". Using behind-the-scenes footage, and narrated by Eleanor Coppola, the documentary chronicles how production problems—among them\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2752213\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"directed by Volker Schlöndorff. When the film screened at Cannes, he quipped: \\\"My film is not about Vietnam, it is Vietnam.\\\" \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\"'s reputation has grown in time and it is now regarded by many as a masterpiece of the New Hollywood era and is frequently cited as one of the greatest movies ever made. Roger Ebert considers it to be the finest film on the Vietnam War and included it in his list for the 2002 \\\"Sight & Sound\\\" critics' poll of the greatest movies ever made. In 2001, Coppola re-released \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" as \\\"Apocalypse Now Redux\\\", restoring several\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138122\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Top Gear: Vietnam Special\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"It's hard to sum it up really. Perhaps that's why people when they get back from this place always say the same thing, Vietnam: You don't know, man! You weren't there!\\\" In homage to film-maker Francis Ford Coppola and his Vietnam War epic \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", the end credits replaced each crew members first name with the words \\\"Francis Ford\\\" (e.g. \\\"Francis Ford Clarkson\\\", \\\"Francis Ford Hammond\\\", etc.). To assist with production of the special, the BBC partnered itself with Hanuman Films, a production company involved in film and television shoots within south-east Asia, and who had worked before with the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12839937\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Apocalypse Now Sessions\",\n \"text\": \"Sessions\\\", the band also included Grateful Dead bassist Phil Lesh, along with percussionists Airto Moreira, Greg Errico, Jim Loveless, and Jordan Amarantha, guitarist Mike Hinton, and vocalist Flora Purim. After attending a Grateful Dead concert, director Francis Ford Coppola asked Mickey Hart and Bill Kreutzmann to record drum music for his film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", much of which takes place along a river in the jungle during the Vietnam War. Hart and Kreutzmann, along with seven other musicians, assembled many different drums and other percussion instruments at the Club Front recording studio in San Rafael, California. While a rough cut of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16508603\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"When?\\\" The 1991 documentary film \\\"\\\", directed by Eleanor Coppola (Francis's wife), Fax Bahr and George Hickenlooper, chronicles the difficulties the crew went through making \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" and features behind-the-scenes footage filmed by Eleanor. After filming \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", Coppola famously stated: \\\"We were in the jungle, there were too many of us, we had access to too much money, too much equipment and little by little, we went insane.\\\" The film was overwhelmingly lauded by critics when it finally appeared in 1979 and was selected for the 1979 Cannes Film Festival, winning the Palme d'Or along with \\\"The Tin Drum\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138121\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Apocalypse Now Sessions\",\n \"text\": \"by pounding on the beam frame itself to induce a bell-like resonance of all the strings simultaneously. Allmusic said, \\\"Three members of The Grateful Dead (Mickey Hart, Bill Kreutzmann, and Phil Lesh) improvise on percussion instruments with several other musicians to provide incidental music for the movie \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". This is primarily a percussion album... an intense album that artfully conveys the beauty and terror of the jungle in which the movie is set.\\\" Smithsonian Folkways, writing about the CD, said, \\\"Director Francis Ford Coppola asked Mickey Hart to provide a percussive underscore for his 1979 film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". Combining\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16508607\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"began filming \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", an adaptation of Joseph Conrad's \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\" set in Cambodia during the Vietnam War (Coppola himself briefly appears as a TV news director). The production of the film was plagued by numerous problems, including typhoons, nervous breakdowns, the firing of Harvey Keitel, Martin Sheen's heart attack, extras from the Philippine military and half of the supplied helicopters leaving in the middle of scenes to go fight rebels and an unprepared Brando with a bloated appearance (which Coppola attempted to hide by shooting him in the shadows). It was delayed so often it was nicknamed \\\"Apocalypse\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138120\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"are now entirely organically grown. George Altamura, a real estate developer announced in 2003 that he had partnered with several people, including Francis Ford Coppola, in a project to restore the Uptown Theater in downtown Napa, California in order to create a live entertainment venue. Coppola is also the owner of Francis Ford Coppola Presents, a lifestyle brand under which he markets goods from companies he owns or controls. It includes films and videos, resorts, cafes, a literary magazine, a line of pastas and pasta sauces called Mammarella Foods and a winery. The Francis Ford Coppola Winery near Geyserville, California,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138149\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"I plan to begin a process of making one personal movie after another and if something leads me back to look at that, which I'm sure it might, I'll see what makes sense to me.\\\" Francis Ford Coppola Francis Ford Coppola (; born April 7, 1939) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter and film composer. He was a central figure in the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking. After directing \\\"The Rain People\\\" (1969), he co-wrote the 1970 film \\\"Patton\\\", earning the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay along with co-writer Edmund H. North. His directorial prominence was cemented with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138155\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\",\n \"text\": \"French theorist Jean Baudrillard dedicated a chapter to \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" in his 1981 treatise \\\"Simulacra and Simulation\\\". Baudrillard accuses the Vietnam War, a non-event, of having become \\\"film\\\" and Coppola of having made the Vietnam War an actual event and a victory through the film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\": The first home video releases of \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" were pan-and-scan versions of the original Technovision anamorphic 2.35:1 print, and the closing credits, white on black background, were presented in compressed 1.33:1 full-frame format to allow all credit information to be seen on standard televisions. The first letterboxed appearance, on Laserdisc on December 29,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12362736\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now (painting)\",\n \"text\": \"Apocalypse Now (painting) Apocalypse Now is a 1988 painting by the American artist Christopher Wool, widely regarded as among the most important of his \\\"word paintings\\\" created in the late 1980s. It consists of the words \\\"SELL THE HOUSE SELL THE CAR SELL THE KIDS\\\", stenciled in black, block letters in alkyd enamel on an off-white painted aluminum and steel plate measuring 84 x 72 inches (213.4 x 182.9 cm). The quotation is from the 1979 Francis Ford Coppola movie \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", where it is written in a letter mailed home by a character who has lost his mind in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19260314\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"nomination. It was the first box-office success for Coppola since \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" and the film ranked number 17 on \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\"s list of \\\"50 Best High School Movies\\\". The following year, Coppola re-teamed with James Caan for \\\"Gardens of Stone\\\", but the film was overshadowed by the death of Coppola's eldest son Gian-Carlo Coppola during the film's production. The movie was not a critical success and performed poorly at the box office, earning only $5.6 million against a budget of $13 million. Coppola directed \\\"Tucker: The Man and His Dream\\\" the following year. A biopic based on the life of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138129\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Eleanor Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"on the Making of Apocalypse Now\\\" in 1979. The book chronicled such events as the near destruction of the film's production as well as the stress that both cast and crew were suffering from at the time. This would not be the only documentation of the making of Francis Ford Coppola's \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" as she decided to film a documentary based on the same movie. The documentary film \\\"Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse\\\" was co-directed by Eleanor Coppola, Fax Bahr, and George Hickenlooper. In the film, Eleanor narrates the trials and difficulties surrounding the production of the award-winning film\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2752040\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rogue One\",\n \"text\": \"and full-on warfare, comparing it to [[Francis Ford Coppola]]'s 1979 [[Vietnam War]] epic \\\"[[Apocalypse Now]]\\\". A [[showreel]] was also shown during the event, which featured footage from the film, cut with behind-the-scenes shots and interviews with the director and cast members. The second trailer was shown publicly during a broadcast of the [[2016 Summer Olympics]] and received favourable media reviews; \\\"[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]\\\" stated that the trailer was \\\"littered with nostalgic throwbacks to the original trilogy\\\", while \\\"[[Rolling Stone]]\\\" described the CGI landscape shots seen in the footage as \\\"eye-poppingly gorgeous\\\". A further trailer released in October 2016 prompted \\\"The Hollywood\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18360495\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"Francis Ford Coppola Francis Ford Coppola (; born April 7, 1939) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter and film composer. He was a central figure in the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking. After directing \\\"The Rain People\\\" (1969), he co-wrote the 1970 film \\\"Patton\\\", earning the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay along with co-writer Edmund H. North. His directorial prominence was cemented with the release in 1972 of \\\"The Godfather\\\", a film which revolutionized movie-making in the gangster genre, earning praise from both critics and the public before winning three Academy Awards—including his second Oscar (Best Adapted Screenplay,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138089\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vietnam War\",\n \"text\": \"One of the first major films based on the Vietnam War was John Wayne's pro-war film, \\\"The Green Berets\\\" (1968). Further cinematic representations were released during the 1970s and 1980s, including Michael Cimino's \\\"The Deer Hunter\\\" (1978), Francis Ford Coppola's \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1979), Oliver Stone's \\\"Platoon\\\" (1986) – based on his service in the U.S. military during the Vietnam War, Stanley Kubrick's \\\"Full Metal Jacket\\\" (1987), \\\"Hamburger Hill\\\" (1987), \\\"Born on the Fourth of July\\\" (1989), and \\\"Casualties of War\\\" (1989). Later films would include \\\"We Were Soldiers\\\" (2002) and \\\"Rescue Dawn\\\" (2007). The war also influenced a generation of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"447452\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1979 Cannes Film Festival\",\n \"text\": \"(18e Semaine de la Critique): The following films were screened for the 1979 Directors' Fortnight (Quinzaine des Réalizateurs): The following films and people received the 1979 Official selection awards: Golden Camera Short films FIPRESCI Prizes Commission Supérieure Technique Ecumenical Jury Young Cinema Award Other awards 1979 Cannes Film Festival The 32nd Cannes Film Festival was held from 10 to 24 May 1979. The Palme d'Or went to \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" by Francis Ford Coppola, which was screened as a work in progress, and \\\"Die Blechtrommel (The Tin Drum)\\\" by Volker Schlöndorff. The festival opened with \\\"Hair\\\", directed by Miloš Forman and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12950931\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"Thessaloniki Film Festival in Greece. Over the years, Coppola has given contributions to several candidates of the Democratic Party, including Mike Thompson and Nancy Pelosi for the U.S. House of Representatives and Barbara Boxer and Alan Cranston for the U.S. Senate. He had planned to direct an epic movie named \\\"Megalopolis\\\", a story about the aftermath and reconstruction of New York City after a mega-disaster, but after the city was hit by the real life disaster of September 11, 2001, the project was seen as being too sensitive. In 2007 Coppola stated that \\\"I have abandoned that as of now.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138154\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"1960, Coppola enrolled in UCLA Film School for graduate work in film. There he directed a short horror film called \\\"The Two Christophers\\\", inspired by Edgar Allan Poe's \\\"William Wilson\\\", and \\\"Ayamonn the Terrible\\\", a film about a sculptor's nightmares coming to life, before directing the experimental softcore comedy \\\"Tonight for Sure\\\" in 1962. At UCLA, Coppola met Jim Morrison. He later used Morrison's song \\\"The End\\\" in \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". The company that hired him for \\\"Tonight for Sure\\\" brought him back to re-cut a German film titled \\\"Mit Eva fing die Sünde an\\\" directed by Fritz Umgelter. He added\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138098\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\",\n \"text\": \"Ford Coppola on \\\"The Rain People\\\", George Lucas and Steven Spielberg encouraged their friend and filmmaker John Milius to write a Vietnam War film. Milius had wanted to volunteer for the war, and was disappointed when he was rejected for having asthma. Milius came up with the idea for adapting the plot of Joseph Conrad's \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\" to the Vietnam War setting. He had read the novel when he was a teenager and was reminded about it by one of his college lecturers who had mentioned the several unsuccessful attempts to adapt it into a movie. Screenwriter John Milius\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12362686\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chas Gerretsen\",\n \"text\": \"the war film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". Apart from his still photographs, his contribution to the film was the suggestion, during a lunch with Francis Ford Coppola regarding the scene where a TV correspondent (played by Francis Ford Coppola) yells at some passing soldiers, \\\"Don’t look at the camera.\\\" \\\"..that if Francis wanted to mock TV correspondents in South Vietnam he should create a photojournalist because, \\\"we were all crazy.\\\" A couple of days later, after the arrival of Dennis Hopper, Chas was asked by Jerry Ziesmer to report to Francis Ford Coppola: \\\"on how to dress a combat photographer.\\\" From that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17574815\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now Redux\",\n \"text\": \"of \\\"The New York Times\\\", who wrote that it \\\"grows richer and stranger with each viewing, and the restoration of scenes left in the cutting room two decades ago has only added to its sublimity.\\\" Some critics, however, thought the new scenes slowed the pacing, were too lengthy (notably the French plantation sequence), and added nothing overall to the film's impact. Owen Gleiberman wrote \\\"\\\"Apocalypse Now Redux\\\" is the meandering, indulgent art project that [Francis Ford Coppola] was still enough of a craftsman, in 1979, to avoid.\\\" Despite this, other critics still gave it high ratings. Roger Ebert wrote: \\\"Longer\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5543232\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1979 Cannes Film Festival\",\n \"text\": \"1979 Cannes Film Festival The 32nd Cannes Film Festival was held from 10 to 24 May 1979. The Palme d'Or went to \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" by Francis Ford Coppola, which was screened as a work in progress, and \\\"Die Blechtrommel (The Tin Drum)\\\" by Volker Schlöndorff. The festival opened with \\\"Hair\\\", directed by Miloš Forman and closed with \\\"À nous deux\\\", directed by Claude Lelouch. Françoise Sagan, the President of the Jury raised a controversy as she complained that Robert Favre Le Bret, the President of the Festival, had stepped out of his role and had put pressure on the jury\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12950929\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Carmine Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"Carmine Coppola Carmine Valentino Coppola (June 11, 1910 – April 26, 1991) was an American composer, flautist, editor, musical director, and songwriter who contributed original music to \\\"The Godfather\\\", \\\"The Godfather Part II\\\", \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", \\\"The Outsiders\\\", and \\\"The Godfather Part III\\\", all directed by his son Francis Ford Coppola. Coppola was born in New York City, the son of Marie (née Zasa) and Agostino Coppola. His brother is opera conductor and composer Anton Coppola. He was the father of August Coppola, Francis Ford Coppola, and Talia Shire, and grandfather of Nicolas Cage, Sofia Coppola, Roman Coppola, Jason Schwartzman and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5018681\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sicario (2015 film)\",\n \"text\": \"the acting of Emily Blunt, Benicio del Toro, and Josh Brolin. He stated that although her character Kate Macer was implausible, Emily Blunt \\\"brazens out any possible absurdity with great acting focus and front\\\". Chris Ryan of \\\"Grantland\\\" compared \\\"Sicario\\\" to the 1979 film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" directed by Francis Ford Coppola, noting an analogy between the former's themes with respect to the Mexican Drug War and the latter's with respect to the Vietnam War. He also stated that the characters Alejandro Gillick and Matt Graver in \\\"Sicario\\\" resemble those of Colonel Walter E. Kurtz and Lieutenant Colonel William Kilgore, respectively,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18142818\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\",\n \"text\": \"Since his 1974 film \\\"The Conversation\\\" won the Palme d'Or, Coppola agreed to screen \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" with only a month before the festival. The week prior to Cannes, Coppola arranged three sneak previews of slightly different versions. He allowed critics to attend the screenings and believed that they would honor the embargo placed on reviews. On 14 May, Rona Barrett reviewed the film on television and called it \\\"a disappointing failure\\\". At Cannes, Zoetrope technicians worked during the night before the screening to install additional speakers on the theater walls, to achieve Murch's 5.1 soundtrack. On August 15, 1979 \\\"Apocalypse\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12362710\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\",\n \"text\": \"restored to such heights you can, indeed, get a nose full of the napalm.\\\" Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a \\\"Certified Fresh\\\" rating of 96% based on 84 reviews, with an average rating of 8.9/10. The website's critical consensus states that \\\"Francis Ford Coppola's haunting, hallucinatory Vietnam war epic is cinema at its most audacious and visionary\\\". Today, the movie is regarded by many as a masterpiece of the New Hollywood era. Roger Ebert considered it to be the finest film on the Vietnam war and included it on his list for the 2002 \\\"Sight & Sound\\\" poll for the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12362729\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"While notorious for its lengthy and strenuous production, the film is widely acclaimed for its vivid depiction of the Vietnam War. It won the Palme d'Or at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival, making Coppola one of only eight filmmakers to win two Palme d'Or awards. While a number of Coppola's ventures in the 1980s and 1990s were critically lauded, he has never quite achieved the same commercial success with films as in the 1970s. His most well-known films released since the start of the 1980s are the dramas \\\"The Outsiders\\\" and \\\"Rumble Fish\\\" (both 1983), the crime-drama \\\"The Cotton Club\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138091\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\",\n \"text\": \"system, where the film would run continuously for ten years, and then hopefully anybody who wanted to show the film in their theaters would have to approach Coppola and exhibit it on his terms. Coppola was drawn to Milius's script, which he described as \\\"a comedy and a terrifying psychological horror story\\\". In the spring of 1974, Coppola discussed with friends and co-producers Fred Roos and Gray Frederickson the idea of producing the film. He asked Lucas and then Milius to direct \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", but both men were involved with other projects; in Lucas's case, he got the go-ahead to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12362692\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"E. Hinton novel and filmed at the same time as \\\"The Outsiders\\\" on-location in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Carmine Coppola wrote and edited the musical score, including the title song \\\"Stay Gold\\\", which was based upon a famous Robert Frost poem and performed for the movie by Stevie Wonder. The film was a moderate box-office success, drawing a revenue of $25 million against a budget of $10 million. \\\"Rumble Fish\\\" was based on the novel of the same name by S. E. Hinton, who also co-wrote the screenplay. Shot in black-and-white as an homage to German expressionist films, \\\"Rumble Fish\\\" centres on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138126\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"up with fellow Oscar-winning directors Martin Scorsese and Woody Allen for an anthology film called \\\"New York Stories\\\". Coppola directed the \\\"Life Without Zoë\\\" segment, starring his sister Talia Shire and also co-wrote the film with his daughter Sofia Coppola. \\\"Life Without Zoë\\\" was mostly panned by critics and was generally considered the segment that brought the film's overall quality down. Hal Hinson of The Washington Post wrote a particularly scathing review, stating that \\\"It's impossible to know what Francis Coppola's \\\"Life Without Zoë\\\" is. Co-written with his daughter Sofia, the film is a mystifying embarrassment; it's by far the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138131\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\",\n \"text\": \"According to Coppola, the film may be considered anti-war, but is even more anti-lie: \\\"...the fact that a culture can lie about what's really going on in warfare, that people are being brutalized, tortured, maimed, and killed, and somehow present this as moral is what horrifies me, and perpetuates the possibility of war\\\". In May 2011, a newly restored digital print of \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" was released in UK cinemas, distributed by Optimum Releasing. \\\"Total Film\\\" magazine gave the film a five-star review, stating: \\\"This is the original cut rather than the 2001 'Redux' (be gone, jarring French plantation interlude!), digitally\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12362728\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Frederic Forrest\",\n \"text\": \"Frederic Forrest Frederic Fenimore Forrest Jr. (born December 23, 1936) is a retired American actor. Forrest came to public attention for his performance in \\\"When the Legends Die\\\" (1972), which earned him a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Newcomer. He went on to receive Academy and Golden Globe Award nominations in the Best Supporting Actor category for his portrayal of Huston Dyer in musical drama \\\"The Rose\\\" (1979). Forrest portrayed Jay \\\"Chef\\\" Hicks in Francis Ford Coppola's epic war film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1979), and collaborated with Coppola on four other films: \\\"The Conversation\\\" (1974), \\\"One from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4053454\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"War film\",\n \"text\": \"addition, the film industry was in crisis, and the army did not wish to assist in making anti-war films. From the late 1970s, independently financed and produced films showed Hollywood that Vietnam could be treated in film. Successful but very different portrayals of the war in which America had been defeated included Michael Cimino's \\\"The Deer Hunter\\\" (1978), and Francis Ford Coppola's \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1979). With the shift in American politics to the right in the 1980s, military success could again be shown in films such as Oliver Stone's \\\"Platoon\\\" (1986), Stanley Kubrick's \\\"Full Metal Jacket\\\" (1987) and John Irvin's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"452205\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"1998, when the jurors in the resultant court case awarded Coppola $20 million as compensation for losing the \\\"Pinocchio\\\" film project. However, they also awarded him a further $60 million in punitive damages on top, stemming from his charges that Warner Bros. sabotaged his intended version. This is the largest civil financial verdict ever against a Hollywood studio. During the filming of \\\"Contact\\\" on December 28, 1996, Coppola filed a lawsuit against Carl Sagan and Warner Bros. Sagan had died a week earlier and Coppola claimed that Sagan's novel \\\"Contact\\\" was based on a story the pair had developed for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138140\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\",\n \"text\": \"Philippines and said, \\\"We had access to too much money, too much equipment, and little by little we went insane\\\", and \\\"My film is not about Vietnam, it \\\"is\\\" Vietnam\\\". The filmmaker upset newspaper critic Rex Reed who reportedly stormed out of the conference. \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" won the Palme d'Or for best film along with Volker Schlöndorff's \\\"The Tin Drum\\\" – a decision that was reportedly greeted with \\\"some boos and jeers from the audience\\\". \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" performed well at the box office when it opened in August 1979. The film initially opened in one theater in New York City,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12362722\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\",\n \"text\": \"noise of engines high in the sky is heard. Coppola said that he made up for cutting this scene by having the PBR pass under an airplane tail in the final cut. A 289-minute workprint circulates as a video bootleg, containing extra material not included in either the original theatrical release or the \\\"redux\\\" version. A three-hour version of \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" was screened as a \\\"work in progress\\\" at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival and met with prolonged applause. At the subsequent press conference, Coppola criticized the media for attacking him and the production during their problems filming in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12362721\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Heart of Darkness\",\n \"text\": \"Karloff) as its final act, and adds a backstory in which Marlow had been Kurtz's adopted son. The cast includes Inga Swenson and Eartha Kitt. The most famous adaptation is Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 motion picture \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" based on the screenplay by John Milius, which moves the story from the Congo to Vietnam and Cambodia during the Vietnam War. In \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", Martin Sheen plays Captain Benjamin L. Willard, a US Army Captain assigned to \\\"terminate the command\\\" of Colonel Walter E. Kurtz. Marlon Brando played Kurtz, in one of his most famous roles. A production documentary of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"178220\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\",\n \"text\": \"make \\\"Star Wars\\\", and declined the offer to direct \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". Coppola was determined to make the film and pressed ahead himself. He envisioned the film as a definitive statement on the nature of modern war, the difference between good and evil, and the impact of American society on the rest of the world. The director said that he wanted to take the audience \\\"through an unprecedented experience of war and have them react as much as those who had gone through the war\\\". In 1975, while promoting \\\"The Godfather Part II\\\" in Australia, Coppola and his producers scouted possible\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12362693\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\",\n \"text\": \"the film did financially well in 1979. The film was given the same kind of release as the exclusive engagement in 1979, with no logo or credits and audiences were given a printed program. Upon its release, \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" received mixed reviews. In his original review, Roger Ebert wrote, \\\"\\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" achieves greatness not by analyzing our 'experience in Vietnam', but by re-creating, in characters and images, something of that experience\\\". In his review for the \\\"Los Angeles Times\\\", Charles Champlin wrote, \\\"as a noble use of the medium and as a tireless expression of national anguish, it towers over\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12362724\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"with Mario Puzo), Best Picture, and his first nomination for Best Director. He followed with \\\"The Godfather Part II\\\" in 1974, which became the first sequel to win the Academy Award for Best Picture. Highly regarded by critics, it brought him three more Academy Awards: Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Director and Best Picture, and made him the second director, after Billy Wilder, to be honored three times for the same film. \\\"The Conversation\\\", which he directed, produced and wrote, was released that same year, winning the Palme d'Or at the 1974 Cannes Film Festival. He next directed 1979's \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\".\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138090\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"dynamics, \\\"Tetro\\\"'s arresting visuals and emotional core compensate for its uneven narrative.\\\" Roger Ebert of the \\\"Chicago Sun-Times\\\" gave the film 3 stars, praising the film for being \\\"boldly operatic, involving family drama, secrets, generations at war, melodrama, romance and violence\\\". Ebert also praised Vincent Gallo's performance and claimed that Alden Ehrenreich is \\\"the new Leonardo DiCaprio\\\". Todd McCarthy of \\\"Variety\\\" gave the film a B+ judging that \\\"when Coppola finds creative nirvana, he frequently has trouble delivering the full goods.\\\" Richard Corliss of \\\"TIME\\\" gave the film a mixed review, praising Ehrenreich's performance, but claiming Coppola \\\"has made a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138144\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Josh Hall (One Life to Live)\",\n \"text\": \"Francis Ford Coppola film, \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". Fishburne lied to Coppola about his age to win the \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" role of 17-year-old Vietnam War Navy PBR crewmember Tyrone \\\"Mr. Clean\\\" Miller. Todd Davis took over the role from Fishburne briefly in 1977. He left \\\"One Life to Live\\\" to play Bryan Phillips on fellow ABC Daytime soap opera \\\"General Hospital\\\" from 1978 until 1986. Guy Davis played the character from 1985 until its last appearance in 1986. Josh Hall (One Life to Live) Josh Hall is a fictional character on the American soap opera \\\"One Life to Live\\\", originated by actor\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13460876\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"of the same name by S. E. Hinton. Coppola credited his inspiration for making the film to a suggestion from middle school students who had read the novel. \\\"The Outsiders\\\" is notable for being the breakout film for a number of young actors who would go on to become major stars. These included major roles for Matt Dillon, Ralph Macchio and C. Thomas Howell. Also in the cast were Patrick Swayze, Rob Lowe, Emilio Estevez, Diane Lane and Tom Cruise. Matt Dillon and several others also starred in Coppola's related film, \\\"Rumble Fish\\\", which was also based on a S.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138125\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sofia Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"the lack of female directors She said that she did what she could and is confident that her work is her own. After Francis Ford Coppola did not assist Coppola in securing the rights to the Jeffrey Eugenides novel \\\"The Virgin Suicides\\\" that her 1999 film was based on, much of the criticism surrounding her familial benefits subsided. Coppola usually involves her father in her projects. She has said that she likes being independent but respects him and his suggestions, though in the end always makes the choice she feels is right for a given movie. Coppola professed a love\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2281937\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\",\n \"text\": \"The 35mm release used the new Dolby Stereo optical stereo system, but due to the limitations of the technology at the time, this 35mm release that played in the majority of theaters did not include any surround sound. In May 1978, Coppola postponed the opening until spring of 1979 and screened a \\\"work in progress\\\" for 900 people in April 1979 that was not well received. That same year, he was invited to screen \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" at the Cannes Film Festival. United Artists were not keen on showing an unfinished version in front of so many members of the press.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12362709\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\",\n \"text\": \"locations for \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" in Cairns in northern Queensland, that had jungle resembling Vietnam. He decided to make his film in the Philippines for its access to American equipment and cheap labor. Production coordinator Fred Roos had already made two low-budget films there for Monte Hellman, and had friends and contacts in the country. Coppola spent the last few months of 1975 revising Milius's script and negotiating with United Artists to secure financing for the production. According to Frederickson, the budget was estimated between $12 and 14 million. Coppola's American Zoetrope assembled $8 million from distributors outside the United States\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12362694\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now Redux\",\n \"text\": \"entirely new scenes. One of the new scenes has the boat meeting the Playmates once again, further up the river; the other has them meet a family of holdout French colonists on their remote rubber plantation. There are also a few additional scenes with Colonel Kurtz. \\\"Apocalypse Now Redux\\\" originally premiered at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival in May. The screening marked the anniversary of the famous \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" screening as a work in progress, where it ended up winning the Palme d'Or. Coppola went to the festival, also with Murch, Storaro, production designer Dean Tavoularis, producer Kim Aubry and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5543230\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Rheault\",\n \"text\": \"have become Abrams, (CIA Director Richard) Helms and Nixon. The only winner would have been North Vietnam.\\\" After the war, Francis Ford Coppola, director of the 1979 film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" said that the character Colonel Walter Kurtz in the film was loosely based upon Rheault, whom he had become aware of through the 1969 news accounts of the Green Beret Affair. Upon retirement from the military, Rheault served as an instructor, program leader, and later, acting president of the Hurricane Island Outward Bound School in Rockland, Maine; retiring from the school in 2001 after 32 years of service. He also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16045093\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\",\n \"text\": \"told his wife that he felt \\\"there is only about a 20% chance [I] can pull the film off\\\". He convinced United Artists executives to delay the premiere from May to October 1978. Author Michael Herr received a call from Zoetrope in January 1978 and was asked to work on the film's narration based on his well-received book about Vietnam, \\\"Dispatches\\\". Herr said that the narration already written was \\\"totally useless\\\" and spent a year writing various narrations with Coppola giving him very definite guidelines. Murch had problems trying to make a stereo soundtrack for \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" because sound libraries\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12362707\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anthony Poshepny\",\n \"text\": \"Poshepny was the model for Colonel Walter Kurtz in the film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". However, both Poshepny and director Francis Ford Coppola have denied any connection. Anthony Poshepny Anthony Alexander Poshepny (September 18, 1924 – June 27, 2003), known as Tony Poe, was a CIA paramilitary officer in what is now called Special Activities Division (renamed Special Activities Center in 2016 ). He is best remembered for training the US-funded secret army in Laos during the Vietnam War. Poshepny was born in Long Beach, California. When he was eight years old, his brother accidentally shot him in the stomach with the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3674064\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\",\n \"text\": \"everything that has been attempted by an American filmmaker in a very long time\\\". Other reviews were less positive; Frank Rich in \\\"Time\\\" said: \\\"While much of the footage is breathtaking, \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" is emotionally obtuse and intellectually empty\\\". Vincent Canby argued, \\\"Mr. Coppola himself describes it as \\\"operatic,\\\" but ... Apocalypse Now is neither a tone poem nor an opera. It's an adventure yarn with delusions of grandeur, a movie that ends—in the all-too-familiar words of the poet Mr. Coppola drags in by the bootstraps—not with a bang, but a whimper.\\\" Ebert added Coppola's film to his list of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12362725\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sam Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"Attraction\\\" (1987), starring Michael Douglas and Glenn Close. His many TV credits include \\\"The Practice\\\", \\\"The Good Wife\\\", \\\"Law & Order\\\", \\\"The Sopranos\\\", \\\"Ryan's Hope\\\" and the 2001 A&E movie \\\"The Big Heist\\\", in which he portrayed mob boss Paul Castellano. Coppola, no relation to film director Francis Ford Coppola, played a nursing home resident in a Chevy commercial that aired during 2011's Super Bowl and a hot dog vendor in a Ball Park Franks spot starring Michael Jordan. Coppola, a 38-year resident of Leonia, with no relation to film director Francis Ford Coppola, also had many stage roles. He\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12508210\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\",\n \"text\": \"Now\\\" was released in the U.S. in only 15 theaters equipped to play the Dolby Stereo 70mm prints with stereo surround sound. At the time of its release, discussion and rumors circulated about the supposed various endings for \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". Coppola said the original ending was written in haste, where Kurtz convinced Willard to join forces and together they repelled the air strike on the compound. Coppola said he never fully agreed with the Kurtz and Willard dying in fatalistic explosive intensity, preferring to end the film in a more encouraging manner. When Coppola originally organized the ending, he considered\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12362711\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stalker (1979 film)\",\n \"text\": \"of the \\\"Time Out Film Guide\\\" has compared \\\"Stalker\\\" to Francis Ford Coppola's \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", also released in 1979, and argued that \\\"as a journey to the heart of darkness\\\" \\\"Stalker\\\" looks \\\"a good deal more persuasive than Coppola's.\\\" As well, \\\"Slant Magazine\\\" reviewer Nick Schager has praised the film as an \\\"endlessly pliable allegory about human consciousness\\\". In Schager's view \\\"Stalker\\\" shows \\\"something akin to the essence of what man is made of: a tangled knot of memories, fears, fantasies, nightmares, paradoxical impulses, and a yearning for something that's simultaneously beyond our reach and yet intrinsic to every one\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1980913\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\",\n \"text\": \"The Great Movies, stating: \\\"\\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" is the best Vietnam film, one of the greatest of all films, because it pushes beyond the others, into the dark places of the soul. It is not about war so much as about how war reveals truths we would be happy never to discover\\\". Various commentators have debated whether \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" is an anti-war or pro-war film. Some commentators' evidence of the film's anti-war message include the purposeless brutality of the war, the absence of military leadership, and the imagery of machinery destroying nature. Advocates of the film's pro-war stance, however, view these\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12362726\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Patton (film)\",\n \"text\": \"Patton (film) Patton is a 1970 American epic biographical war film about U.S. General George S. Patton during World War II. It stars George C. Scott, Karl Malden, Michael Bates and Karl Michael Vogler. It was directed by Franklin J. Schaffner from a script by Francis Ford Coppola and Edmund H. North, who based their screenplay on the biography \\\"Patton: Ordeal and Triumph\\\" by Ladislas Farago and Omar Bradley's memoir \\\"A Soldier's Story\\\". The film was shot in 65 mm Dimension 150 by cinematographer Fred J. Koenekamp and has a music score by Jerry Goldsmith. \\\"Patton\\\" won seven Academy Awards,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"963570\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jerry Ziesmer\",\n \"text\": \"include \\\"The Way We Were\\\", \\\"Close Encounters of the Third Kind\\\", \\\"Scarface\\\", \\\"Illegally Yours\\\", \\\"Midnight Run\\\", \\\"History of the World, Part I\\\", \\\"Annie\\\", \\\"Say Anything\\\", \\\"Almost Famous\\\", and \\\"Jerry Maguire\\\". He took small acting parts in some of his films, for example playing a pilot in \\\"Blue Thunder\\\" and a salesman in \\\"Rocky II\\\". His most famous role is as a civilian intelligence officer named Jerry in Francis Ford Coppola's Vietnam War film, Apocalypse Now, in which he utters what some call the film's most memorable line, \\\"Terminate, with extreme prejudice\\\", to instruct the film's lead character to carry out\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12700320\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gian-Carlo Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"film \\\"Palo Alto\\\". Francis Ford Coppola subsequently dedicated 1988's \\\"\\\" to his son. A scene in Francis Ford Coppola's 2011 film \\\"Twixt\\\" shows the death of a character as being similar to his son's death. At the Inglenook winery, owned by Eleanor and Francis in Napa, California, there is a 12-acre vineyard named the 'Gio vineyard,' after Gian-Carlo by the workers, which was planted in 1988. Eleanor Coppola's touring art installation, 'Circle of Memory,' commemorates the life of Gian-Carlo and has been exhibited in San Diego, Oakland, Sante Fe, Montpellier, Salzburg, Stockholm, and Oslo. Gian-Carlo Coppola Gian-Carlo Coppola (September 17,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8986309\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"University of California, Los Angeles\",\n \"text\": \"and a Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2005). Francis Ford Coppola ('67) was the director of the gangster film trilogy \\\"The Godfather\\\" and the Vietnam War film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" and Dustin Lance Black is the Academy Award-winning screenwriter of the film Milk. Meb Keflezighi ('98) is the winner of the 2014 Boston Marathon. UCLA also boasts an excellent military background, with hundreds of alumni serving their nation. Carlton Skinner was a U.S. Navy Commander who racially integrated the service at the end of World War II on the . He was also the first civilian governor of Guam. Francis B.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"485773\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Eleanor Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"documentaries, Eleanor captures the struggles that have endangered her family's films even before they made it onto the big screen. Through her film work, Eleanor Coppola is able to illustrate not only what goes into a film financially, but also capture the emotional toll filmmaking has on the individuals on and off the camera. For her early film career, Eleanor Coppola spent much of her time accompanying her husband on his film shoots. In 1976, she began documenting the making of Coppola's war film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". Her recordings of the hectic film process were later released in her memoir \\\"Notes\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2752039\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Carmine Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"Best Score for the film. He also composed most of the score for \\\"The Godfather Part III\\\" (1990). He made cameo appearances in all three \\\"Godfather\\\" films as a conductor. Carmine and Francis together scored \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1979), for which they won a Golden Globe Award for best original score. He also composed a three-and-a-half-hour score for Francis' 1981 reconstruction of Abel Gance's 1927 epic \\\"Napoléon\\\". Carmine composed the music for \\\"The Black Stallion\\\" (1979), on which Francis was executive producer, and four other films directed by his son in the 1980s. In his audio commentary on \\\"The Godfather Part\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5018684\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"August Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"opened the AudioVision Workshop with colleague Professor Gregory Frazier, which utilized Frazier's original process of audio recording descriptions of film and theater action for the benefit of visually impaired audiences. Coppola was the author of the romantic novel \\\"The Intimacy\\\" (1978), and was working on a second novel, \\\"The Nymbus\\\", while living in Savannah, Georgia. August Coppola's final home was in Los Angeles, where he died of a heart attack on October 27, 2009 at age 75. The 150-seat August Coppola Theater on the San Francisco State campus is named in his honor. Francis Ford Coppola dedicated his 1983 film\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13962673\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"to pay off his debts. (Zoetrope Studios finally filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1990, after which its name was changed to American Zoetrope). Following the disastrous \\\"One from the Heart\\\", Coppola co-directed \\\"Hammett\\\" along with Wim Wenders in the same year. Although Coppola was not credited for his effort, according to one source, \\\"by the time the final version was released in 1982, only 30 percent of Wenders' footage remained and the rest was completely reshot by Coppola, whose mere 'executive producer' credit is just a technicality.\\\" In 1983, he directed \\\"The Outsiders\\\", a film adaptation of the novel\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138124\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"to win any of these awards, the only film in the trilogy not to do so. In 1992, Coppola directed and produced \\\"Bram Stoker's Dracula\\\". Adapted from Bram Stoker's novel, it was intended to be more faithful to the book than previous film adaptations. Coppola cast Gary Oldman in the film's title role, with Keanu Reeves, Winona Ryder and Anthony Hopkins in supporting roles. The movie became a box-office hit, grossing $82,522,790 domestically, making it the 15th highest-grossing film of the year. It fared even better overseas grossing $133,339,902 for a total worldwide gross of $215,862,692 against a budget of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138133\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gia Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"Gia Coppola Gian-Carla \\\"Gia\\\" Coppola (born January 1, 1987) is an American film director, screenwriter, and actress. She is a granddaughter of Francis Ford Coppola, the daughter of Gian-Carlo Coppola and the niece of Roman Coppola and Sofia Coppola. Coppola is the daughter of Gian-Carlo Coppola and Jacqui de la Fontaine. Her father died in a speed boating accident while her mother was pregnant with her. The credits of the 1996 film \\\"Jack\\\", directed by her grandfather Francis Ford Coppola, include the dedication \\\"for gia 'When you see a shooting star...'\\\" (with her name stylized in lower case). She was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17558775\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"me it's the best adaptation of any of [my books]... I love the movie. It's so well done.\\\" The film grossed about $45 million domestically. This would be more than the estimated production budget of $40 million, but a disappointment compared with previous films adapted from Grisham novels. In the late 1980s, Coppola started considering concepts for a motion picture based upon the 19th century novel \\\"The Adventures of Pinocchio\\\" and in 1991, Coppola and Warner Bros. began discussing the project as well as two others involving the life of J. Edgar Hoover and the children's novel \\\"The Secret Garden\\\".\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138138\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"You're a Big Boy Now\\\" and fused it with a story idea of his own, resulting in \\\"You're a Big Boy Now\\\" (1966). This was his UCLA thesis project that also received a theatrical release via Warner Bros. This movie brought him some critical acclaim and eventually his Master of Fine Arts Degree from UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television in 1967. Following the success of \\\"You're a Big Boy Now\\\", Coppola was offered the reins of the movie version of the Broadway musical \\\"Finian's Rainbow\\\", starring Petula Clark in her first American film and veteran Fred Astaire. Producer\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138102\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harrison Ford\",\n \"text\": \"he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor; and Jack Ryan in the action films \\\"Patriot Games\\\" (1992) and \\\"Clear and Present Danger\\\" (1994). His career spans six decades and includes roles in several Hollywood blockbusters, including the epic war film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1979), the legal drama \\\"Presumed Innocent\\\" (1990), the action film \\\"The Fugitive\\\" (1993), the political action thriller \\\"Air Force One\\\" (1997), and the psychological thriller \\\"What Lies Beneath\\\" (2000). Seven of his films have been inducted into the National Film Registry: \\\"American Graffiti\\\" (1973), \\\"The Conversation\\\" (1974), \\\"Star Wars\\\" (1977), \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1979), \\\"The Empire\",\n \"psg_id\": \"544819\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"the movie. He had been friends with Robin Williams for many years and had always wanted to work with him as an actor. When Williams was offered the screenplay for \\\"Jack\\\", he said he would only agree to do it if Coppola agreed to sign on as director. The last film Coppola directed in the 90s, \\\"The Rainmaker\\\", was based on the 1995 novel of the same name by John Grisham. An ensemble courtroom drama, the film was well received by critics, earning an 88% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Roger Ebert gave \\\"The Rainmaker\\\" three stars out of four, remarking:\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138136\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"screenplay. The film recouped its expenses and later became a cult film among horror buffs. It was on the sets of \\\"Dementia 13\\\" that he met his future wife Eleanor Jessie Neil. In 1965, Coppola won the annual Samuel Goldwyn Award for the best screenplay (\\\"Pilma, Pilma\\\") written by a UCLA student. This secured him a job as a scriptwriter with Seven Arts. In between, he co-wrote the scripts for \\\"This Property Is Condemned\\\" (1966) and \\\"Is Paris Burning?\\\" (1966). However, with fame still eluding him and partly out of desperation, Coppola bought the rights to the David Benedictus novel\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138101\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sorcerer (film)\",\n \"text\": \"the film\\\". Film critic Gloria Heifetz has added that Friedkin's direction prevents this line from becoming sentimental, and ties in with the film's finale. Friedkin originally conceived \\\"Sorcerer\\\" as a \\\"little 2.5 million in-between movie\\\", a stepping stone to realize his next major project, \\\"The Devil's Triangle\\\", the planned follow-up to \\\"The Exorcist\\\". However, Steven Spielberg at that point had already made \\\"Close Encounters of the Third Kind\\\", which presumably nullified the project. Peter Biskind theorized that Friedkin had always seen Francis Ford Coppola as his competitor, so when Coppola headed to the Philippines to direct \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", Friedkin went\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2576428\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You're a Big Boy Now (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"You're a Big Boy Now (novel) You're a Big Boy Now is a 1963 satirical novel by the British author David Benedictus. It was adapted into a 1966 film directed by Francis Ford Coppola, with the setting changed from London to New York City. Benedictus dedicated the book to \\\"the only girl I've ever loved—wherever they may be\\\"; in a preface, the author describes the novel as an examination of \\\"the deadliest form of self-destruction, which is love\\\". The central character of the novel is Bernard Chanticleer, a shoe salesman at a London department store at which his father is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14069112\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\",\n \"text\": \"to the other \\\"I loved you in \\\"Wall Street\\\"!\\\", referring to the 1987 film that had featured both of them. Additionally, the promotional material for \\\"Hot Shots! Part Deux\\\" included a mockumentary that aired on HBO titled \\\"Hearts of Hot Shots! Part Deux—A Filmmaker's Apology\\\", in parody of the 1991 documentary \\\"\\\", about the making of \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". On January 25, 2017, Coppola announced that he was seeking funding through Kickstarter for a horror role-playing video game based on \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". The game has since been cancelled by Montgomery Markland (the game's director), as revealed on the official game Tumblr.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12362735\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"artist, one usually working outside his / her expected field. Previous guest designers include Gus Van Sant, Tom Waits, Laurie Anderson, Marjane Satrapi, Guillermo del Toro, David Bowie, David Byrne, and Dennis Hopper. Coppola serves as founding editor and publisher of \\\"All-Story\\\". Coppola stated that \\\"The Godfather Part IV\\\" was never made as Mario Puzo died before they had a chance to write the film. Andy García has since claimed the film's script was nearly produced. Coppola was the jury president at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival and he also took part as a special guest at the 46th International\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138153\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"Fred and Ed Doumani. The same year he directed an episode of \\\"Faerie Tale Theatre\\\" entitled \\\"Rip Van Winkle\\\", where Harry Dean Stanton played the lead role. In 1986, Coppola directed \\\"Captain EO\\\", a 17-minute space fantasy for Disney theme parks executive produced by George Lucas, starring singer Michael Jackson. In 1986 Coppola released the comedy \\\"Peggy Sue Got Married\\\" starring Kathleen Turner, Coppola's nephew Nicolas Cage, and Jim Carrey. Much like \\\"The Outsiders\\\" and \\\"Rumble Fish\\\", \\\"Peggy Sue Got Married\\\" centered around teenage youth. The film earned Coppola positive feedback and provided Kathleen Turner her first and only Oscar\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138128\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"decided he would name his future studio \\\"Zoetrope\\\" after receiving a gift of zoetropes from Mogens Scot-Hansen, founder of a studio called Lanterna Film and owner of a famous collection of early motion picture-making equipment. While touring Europe, Coppola was introduced to alternative filmmaking equipment and inspired by the bohemian spirit of Lanterna Film, he decided he would build a deviant studio that would conceive and implement creative, unconventional approaches to filmmaking. Upon his return home, Coppola and George Lucas searched for a mansion in Marin County to house the studio. However, in 1969, with equipment flowing in and no\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138105\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lisa Fruchtman\",\n \"text\": \"Richard Marks, and Peter Zinner on \\\"The Godfather Part II\\\" (1974), directed by Francis Ford Coppola. This film was edited to have a complex structure that weaves a contemporary story with a background story in Sicily at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries; the film was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Editing. Fruchtman was one of several editors hired by Coppola in 1977 for the post-production of \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". Coppola had shot about 250 hours of film that needed to be cut down to 2.5 hours for its theatrical release. Evan Lottman and Barry Malkin had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17743080\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (film)\",\n \"text\": \"The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (film) The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse is a 1921 American silent epic war film produced by Metro Pictures Corporation and directed by Rex Ingram. Based on the Spanish novel \\\"The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse\\\" by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, it was adapted for the screen by June Mathis. The film stars Pomeroy Cannon, Josef Swickard, Bridgetta Clark, Rudolph Valentino, Wallace Beery, and Alice Terry. Often regarded as one of the first true anti-war films, it had a huge cultural impact and became the top-grossing film of 1921, beating out Charlie Chaplin's \\\"The Kid\\\".\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5423907\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\",\n \"text\": \"Forces Group, was indicted for murder and President Richard Nixon authorized the secret Cambodian Campaign. Coppola said that Rheault was an inspiration for the character of Colonel Kurtz. The voice-over narration of Willard was written by war correspondent Herr, whose 1977 Vietnam memoir \\\"Dispatches\\\" brought him to the attention of Coppola. A major influence on the film was Werner Herzog's \\\"Aguirre, the Wrath of God\\\" (1972), which also features a river journey and an insane soldier. The film revolves around a river journey from South Vietnam into Cambodia undertaken by Captain Benjamin L. Willard (a character based on Conrad's Marlow\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12362670\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\",\n \"text\": \"it the first home video release to display the film in its theatrical aspect ratio of 2.39:1. As a DVD extra, the footage of the explosion of the Kurtz compound was featured without text credits but included commentary by Coppola, explaining the various endings based on how the film was screened. On the cover of the \\\"Redux\\\" DVD, Willard is erroneously listed as \\\"Lieutenant Willard\\\". \\\"\\\" (American Zoetrope/Cineplex Odeon Films) (1991) Directed by Eleanor Coppola, George Hickenlooper, and Fax Bahr \\\"Apocalypse Now – The Complete Dossier\\\" DVD (Paramount Home Entertainment) (2006). Disc 2 extras include: Informational notes Citations Further reading\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12362738\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\",\n \"text\": \"film stocks and lenses to capture the explosions at different speeds. He wanted to do something with the dramatic footage and decided to add them to the credits. In 2001, Coppola released \\\"Apocalypse Now Redux\\\" in cinemas and subsequently on DVD. This is an extended version that restores 49 minutes of scenes cut from the original film. Coppola has continued to circulate the original version as well: the two versions are packaged together in the \\\"Complete Dossier\\\" DVD, released on August 15, 2006 and in the Blu-ray edition released on October 19, 2010. The longest section of added footage in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12362716\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You're a Big Boy Now (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"flaws\\\", which he said included its cruel comedy and heavy-handed irony. According to Powers, one ought to \\\"read it as a burlesque of '\\\"An American Tragedy\\\",' as a spoof of Angry British fiction, as a frightening condemnation of love. There is no end to the possibilities.\\\" The novel was brought to the attention of Francis Ford Coppola by actor Tony Bill, who wanted to play Bernard in any movie adaptation. But Coppola cast instead Peter Kastner, a young Canadian actor. Coppola optioned the film for $1,000, and drafted a script in his spare time while working on the film \\\"Is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14069115\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"a television special back in 1975, titled \\\"First Contact\\\". Under their development agreement, Coppola and Sagan were to split proceeds from the project with American Zoetrope and Children's Television Workshop Productions, as well as any novel Sagan would write. The TV program was never produced, but in 1985, Simon & Schuster published Sagan's \\\"Contact\\\" and Warner Bros. moved forward with development of a film adaptation. Coppola sought at least $250,000 in compensatory damages and an injunction against production or distribution of the film. Even though Sagan was shown to have violated some of the terms of the agreement, the case\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138141\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beyond the Black Rainbow\",\n \"text\": \"he and the director \\\"also looked at abstract paintings, photographs, and architectural design books\\\" for inspiration. One of \\\"Beyond the Black Rainbow\\\"'s notable characteristics is its deliberately slow, hypnotic pace. According to Cosmatos, \\\"Beyond the Black Rainbow\\\" belongs to what he dubbed the \\\"trance film\\\" subgenre. Cosmatos mentioned Francis Ford Coppola's \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1979), Alain Resnais' \\\"Last Year at Marienbad\\\" (1961) and Saul Bass's \\\"Phase IV\\\" (1974) as cinematographic blueprints for his debut film. Cosmatos explained the rationale behind his screen-writing, which downplays the \\\"very concrete story at the heart of it\\\" in favor of an \\\"atmospheric\\\" approach: Jeremy Schmidt,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15812422\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now Redux\",\n \"text\": \"new color balance of the film and new scenes. When \\\"Redux\\\" was being released, Storaro learned that a Technicolor dye-transfer process was being brought back. The dye-transfer is a three-strip process that makes the color highly saturated and has consistent black tone. Storaro wished to use this on \\\"Redux\\\", but in order to do it, he needed to cut the original negative of \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", leaving \\\"Apocalypse Now Redux\\\" the only version available. Storaro decided to do it, when convinced by Coppola that this version would be the one that would be remembered. The film contains several alterations, and two\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5543229\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"located on the former Chateau Souverain Winery, where he has opened a family-friendly facility, is influenced by the idea of the Tivoli Gardens in Copenhagen, with swimming pools, bocce courts and a restaurant. The winery displays several of Coppola's Oscars along with memorabilia from his movies, including Vito Corleone's desk from \\\"The Godfather\\\" and a restored 1948 Tucker Sedan as used in \\\"\\\". Included in the Francis Ford Coppola Presents lifestyle brand are several hotels and resorts around the world. The Blancaneaux Lodge in Belize, which from the early 1980s was a family retreat until it was opened to the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138150\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Child\",\n \"text\": \"thought what if the \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" production team also left some children as well. They conceptualized Ford, who was told his whole life that he was the son of \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" director Francis Ford Coppola.They also explored archetypes such as the favorite daughter, sacrificing mother, the \\\"worst fault\\\", and the father’s son. When the script was being written by the duo, they had Sid Lucero already in mind as part of the cast. The script was submitted to the QCinema Film Festival after which they secured partial funding. The film was shot in Baler, Aurora within 20 days with production\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20403193\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Marc Coppola (actor)\",\n \"text\": \"cousin of director Sofia Coppola, Robert Schwartzman, actor and lead singer of the band Rooney, and actor and former Phantom Planet drummer Jason Schwartzman. Coppola's brother is actor Nicolas Cage. Coppola is married to actress Elizabeth Seton Brindak. They have two children; Natasha Coppola-Shalom, who is an actress, and Cayley Coppola. Coppola entered the film industry at a young age thanks to his family. He first appeared in \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1979) where he was also in the casting department. Coppola acted in 11 other films and two episodes of \\\"Law & Order\\\". He worked as a DJ at KLOS 95.5\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10957949\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"II\\\". According to Coppola, the studio's objection stemmed from the belief that audiences would be reluctant to see a film with such a title, as the audience would supposedly believe that, having already seen \\\"The Godfather\\\", there was little reason to see an addition to the original story. However, the success of \\\"The Godfather Part II\\\" began the Hollywood tradition of numbered sequels. The movie was released in 1974 and went on to receive tremendous critical acclaim, with many deeming it superior to its predecessor. It was nominated for 11 Academy Awards and received 6 Oscars, including 3 for Coppola:\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138117\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Godfather\",\n \"text\": \"voiceovers and their likenesses, but Pacino did not. Francis Ford Coppola openly voiced his disapproval of the game. The Godfather The Godfather is a 1972 American crime film directed by Francis Ford Coppola and produced by Albert S. Ruddy, based on Mario Puzo's best-selling novel of the same name. It stars Marlon Brando and Al Pacino as the leaders of a fictional New York crime family. The story, spanning 1945 to 1955, chronicles the family under the patriarch Vito Corleone (Brando), focusing on the transformation of Michael Corleone (Pacino) from reluctant family outsider to ruthless mafia boss. Paramount Pictures obtained\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5810935\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vittorio Storaro\",\n \"text\": \"the way in which colors influence our perceptions of different situations. He first worked with Bertolucci on \\\"The Conformist\\\" (1970). Set in Fascist Italy, the film has been described as a \\\"visual masterpiece.\\\" Also in 1970, he photographed \\\"The Bird with the Crystal Plumage\\\", the directorial debut of Dario Argento and a landmark film in the giallo genre. The first American film that Storaro worked on was \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1979). Director Francis Ford Coppola gave him free rein on the film's visual look. \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" earned Storaro his first Academy Award. He worked with Warren Beatty for the first time\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3830771\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"sequences lost from the original 1979 cut of the film, thereby expanding its length to 200 minutes. \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" marked the end of the golden phase of Coppola's career. His musical fantasy \\\"One from the Heart\\\", although pioneering the use of video-editing techniques which are standard practice in the film industry today, ended with a disastrous box-office gross of $636,796 against a US$26 million budget, far from enough to recoup the costs incurred in the production of the movie and he was forced to sell his 23-acre Zoetrope Studio in 1983. He would spend the rest of the decade working\",\n \"psg_id\": \"138123\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Eleanor Coppola\",\n \"text\": \"(nèe Loughton) in Sunset Beach, California. She graduated from UCLA with a degree in applied design and was a member of the women's fraternity Alpha Chi Omega (Alpha Psi chapter). While working on the set of the 1962 horror film \\\"Dementia 13\\\", she met her future husband Francis Ford Coppola. Her position was assistant art director, while Coppola was making his directorial debut with the film. The couple had been dating for several months when Eleanor discovered in 1963 that she was pregnant. Initially Eleanor considered giving the baby up for adoption, but was convinced otherwise by Francis Ford Coppola.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2752037\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Patton (film)\",\n \"text\": \"Guild of America selected Francis Ford Coppola and Edmund North's adapted screenplay as the 94th best screenplay of all time. American Film Institute Lists A made-for-television sequel, \\\"The Last Days of Patton\\\", was produced in 1986. Scott reprised his title role. The film was based on Patton's final weeks after being mortally injured in a car accident, with flashbacks of Patton's life. Patton (film) Patton is a 1970 American epic biographical war film about U.S. General George S. Patton during World War II. It stars George C. Scott, Karl Malden, Michael Bates and Karl Michael Vogler. It was directed by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"963598\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["the heart of darkness by joseph conrad, published in 1902 and set in africa"],"string":"[\n \"the heart of darkness by joseph conrad, published in 1902 and set in africa\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":293,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"\"what famous british poet and playwright had an m--for \"\"murderer\"\"--branded on his left thumb?\""},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"James Miller (playwright)","text":"man who had offended Miller. Several of his poems were published in \"Gentleman's Magazine\". Miller also contributed some religious writings, publishing a volume of his sermons. His sermons display an air of distinguished piety, and a zeal for the interest of what Miller called 'true religion'. James Miller (playwright) James Miller (1704–1744) was an English playwright, poet, librettist, and minister. Miller was born in Bridport, Dorset on 11 August 1704, the son of a clergyman who possessed two considerable livings in the county. He studied at Wadham College, Oxford, and while there wrote part of his famous comedy, \"The Humours","psg_id":"12768755"},{"title":"An Officer and a Murderer","text":"3000 military personnel who were under his command. An Officer and a Murderer was nominated for: An Officer and a Murderer won: There are mixed reviews regarding \"An Officer and a Murderer.\" The film's writer, Keith Ross Leckie, defended the movie against critics claiming it was insensitive and ignored the facts in favour of sensationalizing the story. Leckie told The Star that they were very careful in how they went about the making of \"An Officer and a Murderer,\" recognizing the sensitive material. The release of the movie was delayed for a year in an attempt to distance the recreation","psg_id":"16667816"},{"title":"James Miller (playwright)","text":"James Miller (playwright) James Miller (1704–1744) was an English playwright, poet, librettist, and minister. Miller was born in Bridport, Dorset on 11 August 1704, the son of a clergyman who possessed two considerable livings in the county. He studied at Wadham College, Oxford, and while there wrote part of his famous comedy, \"The Humours of Oxford\", which contained music by Richard Charke and was first performed on 9 January 1730, to great success. Miller's family was somewhat unsupportive of his theatrical endeavors. They had wanted him to pursue a career in business, but Miller showed a revulsion to such a","psg_id":"12768751"},{"title":"An Officer and a Murderer","text":"parts recreated with precision accuracy are the assaults, rapes, and murders of his victims, forcing them to relive the horrors they are trying to leave behind. An Officer and a Murderer An Officer and a Murderer is a Lifetime television film about the crimes committed by Russell Williams, a former Colonel in the Royal Canadian Air Force. The movie aired in the United States of America on July 21, 2012 at 8pm. \"An Officer and a Murderer\" has received six award nominations, winning two of these awards. Russell Williams (Gary Cole), known to friends and family as 'Russ', is a","psg_id":"16667818"},{"title":"An Officer and a Murderer","text":"An Officer and a Murderer An Officer and a Murderer is a Lifetime television film about the crimes committed by Russell Williams, a former Colonel in the Royal Canadian Air Force. The movie aired in the United States of America on July 21, 2012 at 8pm. \"An Officer and a Murderer\" has received six award nominations, winning two of these awards. Russell Williams (Gary Cole), known to friends and family as 'Russ', is a Colonel in the Royal Canadian Air Force. He is promoted to base commander at Canadian Forces Base Trenton, and celebrates the promotion with his wife, Mary","psg_id":"16667810"},{"title":"Jack Davis (playwright)","text":"century's Aboriginal Poet Laureate, and many of his plays are on Australian school syllabuses. Davis was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1976, and a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 1985. Jack Davis (playwright) Jack Davis (11 March 1917 – 17 March 2000) was an Australian 20th-century playwright and poet, and an Indigenous rights campaigner. He was born in Western Australia, in the small town of Yarloop, and lived in Fremantle towards the end of his life. He was of the Aboriginal Noongar people, and much of his work dealt with","psg_id":"5188571"},{"title":"Arthur Berry (playwright)","text":"a man, poet, playwright and artist he came into his own. Peter Cheeseman (Director, for thirty five years, of the Victoria Theatre, Stoke-on-Trent and, latterly, the New Victoria Theatre, Newcastle-under-Lyme), recalls the many animated conversations they had enjoyed, and \"the swift gestures of his good left arm, banging at the elbow of his useless right...and the rich talk that pours out of him.\" He was \"eloquent in every way...a vigorous and expressive poet...a writer of stories, a dramatist...grotesquely hilarious...[and] an inspiring teacher of art, loved and admired by his students.\" He was \"a large, ungainly and glum man, tall and","psg_id":"4419731"},{"title":"Jay Wright (poet)","text":"Jay Wright (poet) Jay Wright (born May 25, 1935) is an African-American poet, playwright, and essayist. Born in Albuquerque, New Mexico, he currently lives in Bradford, Vermont. Although his work is not as widely known as other American poets of his generation, it has received considerable critical acclaim. Wright's work is emblematic of what the Guyanese-British writer Wilson Harris has termed the \"cross-cultural imagination.\" Following his receiving the Bollingen Prize in Poetry in 2005, Wright is recognized as one of the principal contributors to poetry in the early 21st century. Before embarking on his writing career, Wright played professional baseball,","psg_id":"4936050"},{"title":"Paul Mercier (film director and playwright)","text":"Paul Mercier (film director and playwright) Paul Mercier (born 1958 in Dublin) is an Irish playwright screenwriter, film and theatre director. Born in Dublin and living in An Cheathru Rua he was the founder member and Artistic Director of the Passion Machine Theatre Company and of film production company An Pointe Productions. His work is famous for its gritty poetic realism and examination of ordinary, contemporary Irish life. Paul Mercier's work is known for what Irish journalist Fintan O'Toole calls its \"inclusive dramatic vision\". His plays have received numerous awards such as the Harvey's Irish Theatre Award for Best New","psg_id":"19296464"},{"title":"Famous for being famous","text":"argued that the graphic revolution in journalism and other forms of communication had severed fame from greatness, and that this severance hastened the decay of fame into mere notoriety. Over the years, the phrase has been glossed as \"a celebrity is someone who is famous for being famous\". The British journalist Malcolm Muggeridge may have been the first to use the actual phrase in the introduction to his book \"Muggeridge Through The Microphone\" (1967) in which he wrote:In the past if someone was famous or notorious, it was for something—as a writer or an actor or a criminal; for some","psg_id":"9677768"},{"title":"Blue Thumb Records","text":"Blue Thumb Records Blue Thumb Records was an American record label founded in 1968 by Bob Krasnow and former A&M Records executives Tommy LiPuma and Don Graham. Blue Thumb's last record was released in 1978. Bob Krasnow had been in the record business for a number of years, working as a promotion man for King Records and also working for Buddah/Kama Sutra Records. Blue Thumb was originally intended to be the name of Captain Beefheart's band, but Krasnow did not think the name was right for the group. However, he chose the name for his label. Acts that appeared on","psg_id":"3641912"},{"title":"Michael Hastings (playwright)","text":"Michael Hastings (playwright) Michael Gerald Hastings (2 September 1938 – 19 November 2011) was a British playwright, screenwriter, and occasional novelist and poet. He is best known for his 1984 stage play and 1994 screenplay about the poet T.S. Eliot and his wife Vivienne Haigh-Wood, \"Tom & Viv\". Hastings was born in London, UK. His early plays (\"Don't Destroy Me\" (1956), \"Yes And After\" (1957)) reflected the influence of the Angry Young Men movement and his brief involvement with the circle surrounding Colin Wilson. He later enjoyed mainstream West End success with \"Gloo Joo\" (1978), a farce about a West","psg_id":"12631834"},{"title":"Thomas Preston (British Army officer)","text":"Instead, they were branded on the thumb with a hot iron, the letter \"M\" for murder. Captain Preston was found not guilty. After his trial, Preston retired from the army. He reportedly settled in Ireland. Adams later recalled seeing him in London in the 1780s, when Adams was serving there as US Minister to Britain. The communities of East Preston and North Preston, Nova Scotia may have been named for him. Thomas Preston (British Army officer) Thomas Preston (1722) was a British officer, a captain who served in Boston in the Province of Massachusetts Bay. He commanded troops in the","psg_id":"5765817"},{"title":"Peter Barnes (playwright)","text":"Peter Barnes (playwright) Peter Barnes (10 January 1931 – 1 July 2004) was an English Olivier Award-winning playwright and screenwriter. His most famous work is the play \"The Ruling Class\", which was made into a 1972 film for which Peter O'Toole received an Oscar nomination. Barnes was educated at Marling School in Stroud, Gloucestershire and performed his national service with the Royal Air Force. He then worked briefly for London County Council. Bored with his job, Barnes took a correspondence course in theology and began to visit the British Museum reading room, which he used as an office on a","psg_id":"4085612"},{"title":"Robert Patrick (playwright)","text":"as a reader, singer, and actor. In March 2014, he gave a solo performance about his career entitled, \"What Doesn't Kill Me Makes a Great Story Later,\" which featured a capella renditions of several of his original songs. Robert Patrick (playwright) Robert Patrick (born September 27, 1937) is an American playwright, poet, lyricist, short story writer, and novelist. He was born Robert Patrick O'Connor in Kilgore, Texas. O'Connor was born to migrant workers in Texas. Because his parents constantly moved around the southwestern United States looking for work, he never went to one school for a full year until his","psg_id":"5003740"},{"title":"The Thumb","text":"The Thumb The Thumb is a region and a peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan, so named because the Lower Peninsula is shaped like a mitten. The Thumb area is generally considered to be in the Central Michigan region, located east of the Tri-Cities, and north of Metro Detroit. The region is also branded as the Blue Water Area of Michigan. The counties which constitute the Thumb are those forming the extended peninsula that stretches northward into Lake Huron and Saginaw Bay. There is no formal declaration for which of these counties are part of the Thumb. While virtually","psg_id":"3517703"},{"title":"Hugh Montgomery (British Army soldier)","text":"attorney. Montgomery and fellow soldier Matthew Kilroy were both found guilty of manslaughter on 5 December. They returned to court nine days later and \"prayed clergy\" to avoid the death sentence. Instead, they were branded on the thumb, with a hot iron, the letter \"M\" for murder. The two reportedly burst into tears before receiving the punishment. Montgomery had a wife and three children staying with him in Boston. Hugh Montgomery (British Army soldier) Private Hugh Montgomery was a soldier of the 29th Regiment of Foot who was present at the Boston Massacre. He killed one man and was found","psg_id":"15065207"},{"title":"D. M. Thomas","text":"D. M. Thomas Donald Michael Thomas, known as D. M. Thomas (born 27 January 1935), is a British novelist, poet, playwright and translator. He is best known for his novel \"The White Hotel\" (1981). Thomas was born in Redruth, Cornwall, UK. He attended Trewirgie Primary School and Redruth Grammar School before graduating with First Class Honours in English from New College, Oxford in 1959. He lived and worked in Australia and the United States before returning to his native Britain. He published poetry and some prose in the British Science fiction magazine \"New Worlds\" (from 1968). The work that made","psg_id":"6164952"},{"title":"What Made America Famous?","text":"What Made America Famous? \"What Made America Famous?\" is a song written and performed by Harry Chapin. The song was included on his 1974 album, Verities & Balderdash. It has also been included on numerous posthumous compilation albums. The song inspired Chapin to write the award nominated Broadway musical, The Night That Made America Famous. The song shows a man, his girlfriend, and kids living in a rundown home. Eventually, a house fire starts, and they need rescue. It is continually asked in the song if anybody cares. It ends with the firefighters waiting to respond to \"let them sweat","psg_id":"20656147"},{"title":"Peter Barnes (playwright)","text":"time to triplets Abigail, Nathaniel and Zachary. Peter Barnes (playwright) Peter Barnes (10 January 1931 – 1 July 2004) was an English Olivier Award-winning playwright and screenwriter. His most famous work is the play \"The Ruling Class\", which was made into a 1972 film for which Peter O'Toole received an Oscar nomination. Barnes was educated at Marling School in Stroud, Gloucestershire and performed his national service with the Royal Air Force. He then worked briefly for London County Council. Bored with his job, Barnes took a correspondence course in theology and began to visit the British Museum reading room, which","psg_id":"4085617"},{"title":"Matthew Kilroy (British Army soldier)","text":"become President of the United States, was his attorney. Kilroy and Montgomery were both found guilty of manslaughter on 5 December. They returned to court nine days later and pleaded \"benefit of clergy\" to avoid the death sentence. Instead, they were branded on the thumb, with a hot iron, the letter \"M\" for murder. The two reportedly burst into tears before receiving the punishment. Kilroy was illiterate. Kilroy was a main character of the book \"The Fifth of March\" by author Ann Rinaldi. Matthew Kilroy (British Army soldier) Private Matthew Kilroy was a soldier of the 29th Regiment of Foot","psg_id":"15073522"},{"title":"The Thumb","text":"in most of Sanilac, Lapeer, Genesee and Saint Clair Counties. All of Macomb County is served by area code 586, as is a small part of south-western Saint Clair County. The Thumb The Thumb is a region and a peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan, so named because the Lower Peninsula is shaped like a mitten. The Thumb area is generally considered to be in the Central Michigan region, located east of the Tri-Cities, and north of Metro Detroit. The region is also branded as the Blue Water Area of Michigan. The counties which constitute the Thumb are those","psg_id":"3517727"},{"title":"Petre M. Andreevski","text":"Petre M. Andreevski Petre Mito Andreevski () (June 25, 1934 – September 25, 2006) was a famous Macedonian poet, novelist, short story writer and playwright. He was born in 1934 in the village of Sloeštica, Demir Hisar. Attended elementary school in his native village, high school in Bitola, studied at the Faculty of Philosophy (now Philology) in Skopje. Worked as an editor with the Macedonian National Television. He was also an editor of the periodical \"Razgledi\". Member of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts since May 2000. Member of the Macedonian Writers’ Association. Several selections of his literary opus","psg_id":"14941867"},{"title":"Jean Rostand","text":"playwright Edmond Rostand and poet Rosemonde Gérard. He was the brother of novelist and playwright Maurice Rostand. Following in the footsteps of his father, Rostand was elected to the Académie française in 1959. Rostand was active in several causes, in particular against nuclear proliferation and the death penalty. An agnostic, he demonstrated humanist convictions. He wrote several books on the question of eugenism and the responsibilities of mankind regarding its own fate and its place in nature. He is famous for the following quotation: \"Kill one man, and you are a murderer. Kill millions of men, and you are a","psg_id":"5745456"},{"title":"Aatreya (playwright)","text":"Aatreya (playwright) Aacharya Aatreya (born Kilambi Venkata Narasimhacharyulu ) (7 May 1921 – 13 September 1989) was an Indian poet, scenarist, playwright, lyricist, and screenwriter known for his works in Telugu cinema, and Telugu theatre. He received the state Nandi Award for Best Lyricist in 1981 for \"Andamaina Lokamani\" from the film \"Tholikoodi Koochindi\". He was born in Mangalampadu village near Sullurpet, Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh. As a student in Nellore and Chittoor he wrote several plays. He abandoned his studies to participate in Quit India Movement and was jailed. After releasing from jail, he had worked as a","psg_id":"5228966"},{"title":"Thumb Fun","text":"vainly tries to use all winter for a ride. Daffy ends the cartoon by adding, \"Owwwww, my aching thumb.\" and the scene irises-out. Thumb Fun Thumb Fun is a 1952 \"Looney Tunes\" (reissued as a Blue Ribbon \"Merrie Melodies\") short starring Daffy Duck and Porky Pig, directed by Robert McKimson. Mel Blanc provided the voices for both of the characters. Daffy scoffs at a flock of ducks flying south as he decides to hitchhike his way south. Not having any luck so far, Daffy paints what appears to be an excavation hole in the road. Porky arrives in his red","psg_id":"14686316"},{"title":"Joske's Thumb","text":"Joske's Thumb Joske's Thumb is a precipitous volcanic plug that rises in the skyline to the west of Suva, Fiji. It is located 15 kilometers west of Suva and its base is accessible from Naikorokoro Road, which connects Naikorokoro Village to Queens Road. Other sources note that Naikorokoro Road, the road toward Joske's Thumb, intersects on the north side of Queens Road, west of the Lami Bay Hotel outside Lami. Sir Edmund Hillary, the mountaineer made famous for being the first climber (with his Sherpa guide Tenzing Norgay) confirmed as having reached the summit of Mount Everest in Nepal, was","psg_id":"11499701"},{"title":"What Made Milwaukee Famous (band)","text":"opened for The Smashing Pumpkins, Arcade Fire, The Black Keys, and Snow Patrol. WMMF has been featured on spots in \"Billboard\" and Rolling Stone bands-to-watch lists. The band's name comes from Jerry Lee Lewis's \"What's Made Milwaukee Famous (Has Made a Loser Out of Me)\". What Made Milwaukee Famous (band) What Made Milwaukee Famous (WMMF) is an indie rock band from Austin, Texas. In 2005, WMMF performed for Austin City Limits with Franz Ferdinand, making them one of the only unsigned bands to play for the show in its 43-year history. In 2006, the band signed with Barsuk Records, which","psg_id":"9692482"},{"title":"Thumb","text":"pollicis longus, it is attached to the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. It extends the thumb and, because of its close relationship to the long abductor, also abducts the thumb. It is innervated by the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7-T1). The tendons of the extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis form what is known as the anatomical snuff box (an indentation on the lateral aspect of the thumb at its base) The radial artery can be palpated anteriorly at the wrist(not in the snuffbox). There are three thenar muscles: The abductor pollicis brevis (APB)","psg_id":"1597514"},{"title":"Simon Jackson (playwright)","text":"Simon Jackson (playwright) Simon Jackson is a British playwright, filmmaker and poet, born in Manchester, UK. His plays deal with themes of redemptive love, the trauma of creation and the peeling back of layers to reveal the truth. The plays often exist in a dream like space between reality and fantasy and are characterised by poetic language and rich imagery. Born in Manchester, Jackson studied Literature and Commercial Art at North Carolina State University in Raleigh, USA and Drama at Manchester University. He was later awarded an MA (Distinction) in Textual Analysis and Creative Writing at Edinburgh University. He was","psg_id":"14749850"},{"title":"Robert Howard (playwright)","text":"later used. He had three brothers who also wrote plays — Edward Howard, Colonel Henry Howard, and James Howard. Their sister, Elizabeth Howard, was married to the influential English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright John Dryden. Robert Howard (playwright) Sir Robert Howard (January 1626 – 3 September 1698) was an English playwright and politician, born to Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire and his wife Elizabeth. As the 18-year-old son of a royalist family, he fought at the battle of Cropredy Bridge and was knighted for the bravery he showed there. In the years after the English Civil War","psg_id":"8988682"},{"title":"Thumb position","text":"the third ledger line in bass clef notation for the double bass). To play passages in this register, the player shifts his hand out from behind the neck and flattens it out, using the side of the thumb to press down the string. When playing in thumb position, the use of the fourth finger is replaced by the third finger, as the fourth finger becomes too short to produce a reliable tone. Bass instruction books often teach thumb position by having the player place the left-hand thumb on the high G note (on the third leger line in bass clef","psg_id":"12520631"},{"title":"The Journalist and the Murderer","text":"is going on knows that what he does is morally indefensible.\" She continues: Malcolm took as her subject the popular non-fiction writer Joe McGinniss; McGinniss had become a best-selling author with his 1969 work \"The Selling of the President 1968\". After an interview with the accused murderer Jeffrey MacDonald, MacDonald proposed that McGinniss write a book of his story and asked for a share of the revenue from the book as a way to fund his legal battle. McGinniss agreed. Having received a sizable advance payment for the true crime project that would become \"Fatal Vision\", McGinniss struck up a","psg_id":"11671894"},{"title":"D. M. Thomas","text":"is seen as more postmodern than plagiarist. In the 1950s, at height of the Cold War, Thomas studied Russian during his National Service. He retained a lifelong interest in Russian culture and literature. This culminated in a series of well-received translations of Russian poetry in the 1980s. D. M. Thomas Donald Michael Thomas, known as D. M. Thomas (born 27 January 1935), is a British novelist, poet, playwright and translator. He is best known for his novel \"The White Hotel\" (1981). Thomas was born in Redruth, Cornwall, UK. He attended Trewirgie Primary School and Redruth Grammar School before graduating with","psg_id":"6164954"},{"title":"What Made Milwaukee Famous (band)","text":"What Made Milwaukee Famous (band) What Made Milwaukee Famous (WMMF) is an indie rock band from Austin, Texas. In 2005, WMMF performed for Austin City Limits with Franz Ferdinand, making them one of the only unsigned bands to play for the show in its 43-year history. In 2006, the band signed with Barsuk Records, which re-released their 2004 debut album, \"Trying to Never Catch Up\". Their second album, \"What Doesn't Kill Us\", was released on March 4, 2008. Since forming, the band has played at the South by Southwest music festival, the Austin City Limits Festival, and Lollapalooza. They have","psg_id":"9692481"},{"title":"Thumb hypoplasia","text":"type IIIA is amenable to reconstruction and not type IIIB. Others say type IIIA is not suitable for reconstruction too. Based on the diagnosis the doctor has to decide what is needed to be done to obtain a more functional thumb, i.e. reconstruction or pollicization. In this group careful attention should be paid to anomalous tendons coming from the forearm (extrinsic muscles, like an aberrant long thumb flexor – flexor pollicis longus). - Type IV is called a pouce flottant, floating thumb. This thumb has a neurovascular bundle which connects it to the skin of the hand. There’s no evidence","psg_id":"15029993"},{"title":"Dear Murderer","text":"Performance in Oslo, Norway. (Star Greta Gynt was Norwegian.) The movie featured in a trial. Arthur Colyer was arrested for attempted murder of his wife. His wife was accused of passing off the plot for \"Dear Murderer\" as evidence, although she denied it. The play was adapted for British TV in 1949 and 1957, and for German TV in 1972. Dan O'Herlihy performed the role on stage in Los Angeles in 1955. Dear Murderer Dear Murderer is a 1947 British film noir crime, drama, thriller, directed by Arthur Crabtree for Gainsborough Pictures, and starring Eric Portman and Greta Gynt. The","psg_id":"14812288"},{"title":"Simon Jackson (playwright)","text":"Hayes and Aonghas MacNeacail, shown by the BBC, at the UN Climate Change Conference in Mexico and at Film and Literary Festivals around the world. He was invited to write a series of treatments for Transporter 2 (2004) by Jason Statham. Although the treatments were not used he has recently finished a full length screenplay for a new Statham project. Simon Jackson (playwright) Simon Jackson is a British playwright, filmmaker and poet, born in Manchester, UK. His plays deal with themes of redemptive love, the trauma of creation and the peeling back of layers to reveal the truth. The plays","psg_id":"14749854"},{"title":"Tom Thumb","text":"until 1967 in a dubbed version, a Mexican version of \"Tom Thumb\" (originally titled Pulgarcito) was made based loosely on Charles Perrault's \"Le petit Poucet\". A darker, modernized film version using stop motion animation called \"The Secret Adventures of Tom Thumb\" was released in 1993, and \"Tom Thumb Meets Thumbelina\" and the 2002 direct-to-DVD animated movie, \"The Adventures of Tom Thumb and Thumbelina\" brought together the two most famous tiny people of literature, with Tom voiced by Elijah Wood. Text stories and later comic strips based on the Tom Thumb character appeared in the anthology comic \"The Beano\" from the","psg_id":"1883393"},{"title":"Randall's Thumb","text":"companion piece for \"Randall's Thumb\". Litton continued to commission works from Gilbert, including Gilbert's adaptation of Charles Dickens' \"Great Expectations\" in 1871, \"Broken Hearts\" in 1875, various translations of French works, and \"The Happy Land\" in 1873, which portrayed members of the British Government on stage and caused such a scandal that it had an unusually long run. On 8 May 1871, \"Randall's Thumb\" opened in New York at Wallack's Theatre. The review in the following day's \"New York Times\" proclaimed it a \"well-earned success\", though the reviewer also ventured the criticism that Gilbert \"knows the stage better than he","psg_id":"13838937"},{"title":"So I Married an Axe Murderer","text":"his usual self and was playing outside himself. Personality clashes were bound to happen. We struggled.\" However, the director denied that Myers was a control freak, and praised the \"total commitment to his work. (But) yes, it was difficult.\" In addition, several major newspapers and magazines claimed that the film went over budget, with in-fighting among the principal actors and lengthy release delays, and that it was unfunny. Despite these early reports, \"So I Married an Axe Murderer\" scored high at test screenings. Set in San Francisco, California, the film features many famous sights and neighborhoods of the Golden State","psg_id":"1689831"},{"title":"John Cunningham (poet and dramatist)","text":"John Cunningham (poet and dramatist) John Cunningham (1729–1773) was a Dublin born playwright, poet and actor, who spent much of his life in, and according to Allan, \"whose name and fame will for ever be identified with Newcastle.\" John Cunningham was born in 1729 in Dublin, Ireland. His parents, who were of Scottish descent, had won a lottery, risen up the social ladder, become bankrupt, and moved back down the social ladder. John went to Drogheda Grammar School, Drogheda, but had to leave when his father's wealth disappeared. Early in life he was attracted to the stage and the acting","psg_id":"9088119"},{"title":"What Made America Famous?","text":"a little\", and the plumber ends up saving everyone in the home. They spend the night in the plumber's home and realize that heroes are people who you'd never suspect, or ever know. The song was inspired when Chapin himself lived in Point Lookout in Long Island during the 1960s. There was a suspicious fire in a low-income residence. Although it is unknown how the actual firefighters responded, he imagined that they responded like in the song. What Made America Famous? \"What Made America Famous?\" is a song written and performed by Harry Chapin. The song was included on his","psg_id":"20656148"},{"title":"Thumb tip","text":"and then finally the right thumb, which comes quickly out of the hand with the tip on, and the object inside, between the tip and thumb. While the audience is looking at the fist, the performer has chance to misdirect and dump the tip and contents in a pocket, perhaps under cover of putting the hand in the pocket to obtain some \"magic dust\" to sprinkle on the left fist. Alternatively, the tip may be kept on the thumb for an indeterminate amount of time, using techniques of misdirection and shading to keep it invisible to the audience. An appearance","psg_id":"6050071"},{"title":"Narendra Mohan (poet)","text":"Narendra Mohan (poet) Narendra Mohan (born 30 July 1935, Lahore) is an eminent Hindi poet, playwright and critic, who also writes in Punjabi. Narendra Mohan (Eminent Poet, Playwright and critic) Born on 30 July 1935 in Lahore.After the partition, he accompanied by his parents shifted to Ambala and received his education from Matriculation to M.A at Ambala. After six years of teaching at various colleges in Panjab and Agricultural University, Hissar( Haryana), shifted to Delhi University, Khalsa College and later on joined as Reader in Hindi Department, Delhi University. Retired in the year 2000. Active for the last four decades","psg_id":"12712836"},{"title":"James Love (poet)","text":"James Love (poet) James Love (1721–1774) was the pseudonym of British poet, playwright and actor James Dance. He is best known for his poem \"Cricket: An Heroic Poem\" (1744). Son of George Dance the Elder, who worked as an architect and city surveyor, Love was himself a cricketer, being a member of Richmond Cricket Club. Richmond was a leading club in the 1740s and Love may have represented Surrey too. However, no details have survived of his playing career. He was also likely the founder of the Theatre Royal in Richmond upon Thames, which he managed from 1766 to 1773.","psg_id":"12597673"},{"title":"Blair Thumb","text":"to interview people about the Blair Thumb. The first woman they interview tells them that she believes in the Blair Thumb to be a spirit that haunts the woods, and that she wouldn't be caught dead in the woods. Then she's shows her baby to them, who is possessed by Satan. The next person is a man who says kids have been disappearing in the woods, comparing the disappearances to the magic acts of David Copperfield. The next person they interview is an unhelpful pirate. Then they move on to interviewing the famous one-eyed thumb, who says \"ee-hoo!\" The next","psg_id":"13280146"},{"title":"Jean Castaing (playwright)","text":"Jean Castaing (playwright) Jean Castaing (1723 in Alençon – March 1805 in Alençon) was an 18th-century French poet, playwright and printer. Both an author, typographer, or bookbinder, Castaing who by profession was collector of the taille in his hometown, is the author of several plays printed by himself in his print shop. This collection, whose plays have been described as \"as bad as misprinted\", has no other merit than its rarity. The author says ingenuously in his preface that by printing 30 copies of his theater, \"he had no other purpose than to distract himself, without the annoyance to bother","psg_id":"19671448"},{"title":"Petre M. Andreevski","text":"have been published. In 1984 his selected works were published in four volumes. He has been included in all anthologies of Macedonian poetry both at home and abroad. His works, in separate books, have been presented in many languages outside Macedonia. He died in Skopje in September 2006 and he was buried in his birthplace Sloeštica. Awards include “11 October”, “Miladinov Brothers” (twice), “Kočo Racin” and “Stale Popov” (twice). Petre M. Andreevski Petre Mito Andreevski () (June 25, 1934 – September 25, 2006) was a famous Macedonian poet, novelist, short story writer and playwright. He was born in 1934 in","psg_id":"14941868"},{"title":"Francis Harvey (poet)","text":"Francis Harvey (poet) Francis Harvey (13 April 1925 – 7 November 2014) was an Irish poet and playwright. He was born in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. Harvey had lived in County Donegal for most of his life. His collections of poetry include \"In the Light on the Stones\" (1978), \"The Rainmakers\" (1988), \"The Boa Island Janus\" (1996), \"Making Space, New & Selected Poems\" (2000), and \"Collected Poems\" (2007), which had an introduction by Moya Cannon. He had also written successful plays. Harvey's poem \"Heron\" won the 1989 \"Guardian\" and World Wildlife Fund Poetry Competition. In 1990 he won a","psg_id":"11218224"},{"title":"Poor Murderer","text":"Poor Murderer Poor Murderer is a play written by Pavel Kohout that premiered at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre on Broadway on 20 October 1976 and closed on 2 January 1977 after 87 performances. The time is 1900, and it takes place in the great hall of the St. Elizabeth Institute for Nervous Disorders, St. Petersburg, Russia. The show follows a famous actor under treatment in a mental institution who wonders: did he really kill the actor playing Polonius as he was playing Hamlet, or was it only an illusion? \"Poor Murderer\" was based on the Leonid Andreyev short story \"Mysl\"","psg_id":"15608559"},{"title":"Francis Harvey (poet)","text":"Peterloo Poets Prize and was a prizewinner in the Cardiff International Poetry Competition. He received an Arts Council Bursary in 1991. He had also won The Irish Times/Yeats Summer School Prize. On 7 November 2014, he died at the age of 89. Francis Harvey (poet) Francis Harvey (13 April 1925 – 7 November 2014) was an Irish poet and playwright. He was born in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. Harvey had lived in County Donegal for most of his life. His collections of poetry include \"In the Light on the Stones\" (1978), \"The Rainmakers\" (1988), \"The Boa Island Janus\" (1996),","psg_id":"11218225"},{"title":"Devils Thumb","text":"Devils Thumb Devils Thumb, or Taalkhunaxhkʼu Shaa in Tlingit, is a mountain in the Stikine Icecap region of the Alaska–British Columbia border, near Petersburg. It is named for its projected thumb-like appearance. Its name in the Tlingit language means \"the mountain that never flooded\" and is said to have been a refuge for people during Aangalakhu (\"the Great Flood\"). It is one of the peaks that marks the border, and is also listed on maps as Boundary Peak 71. Devils Thumb is a very challenging climb even for advanced mountain climbers. Devils Thumb is part of a group of striking,","psg_id":"8567818"},{"title":"An Apology for Poetry","text":"An Apology for Poetry An Apology for Poetry (or, The Defence of Poesy) is a work of literary criticism by Elizabethan poet Philip Sidney. It was written in approximately 1580 and first published in 1595, after his death. It is generally believed that he was at least partly motivated by Stephen Gosson, a former playwright who dedicated his attack on the English stage, \"The School of Abuse\", to Sidney in 1579, but Sidney primarily addresses more general objections to poetry, such as those of Plato. In his essay, Sidney integrates a number of classical and Italian precepts on fiction. The","psg_id":"11262893"},{"title":"John Coulter (playwright)","text":"University. John Coulter (playwright) John Coulter (12 February 1888, Belfast – 1 December 1980, Toronto) was an Irish Canadian playwright and broadcaster. He graduated from University of Manchester. He taught school in Belfast and Dublin until 1919. He moved to London in 1920, where he wrote for BBC radio. In 1924 he became editor of \"The Ulster Review\", and in 1927, managing editor of \"The New Adelphi\". He moved to Toronto in 1936, where he wrote for CBC radio, and he married Olive Clare Primrose, a poet and short story writer. They had two daughters. His papers are held at","psg_id":"14224067"},{"title":"John Coulter (playwright)","text":"John Coulter (playwright) John Coulter (12 February 1888, Belfast – 1 December 1980, Toronto) was an Irish Canadian playwright and broadcaster. He graduated from University of Manchester. He taught school in Belfast and Dublin until 1919. He moved to London in 1920, where he wrote for BBC radio. In 1924 he became editor of \"The Ulster Review\", and in 1927, managing editor of \"The New Adelphi\". He moved to Toronto in 1936, where he wrote for CBC radio, and he married Olive Clare Primrose, a poet and short story writer. They had two daughters. His papers are held at McMaster","psg_id":"14224066"},{"title":"Thumb Fun","text":"Thumb Fun Thumb Fun is a 1952 \"Looney Tunes\" (reissued as a Blue Ribbon \"Merrie Melodies\") short starring Daffy Duck and Porky Pig, directed by Robert McKimson. Mel Blanc provided the voices for both of the characters. Daffy scoffs at a flock of ducks flying south as he decides to hitchhike his way south. Not having any luck so far, Daffy paints what appears to be an excavation hole in the road. Porky arrives in his red sports car and stops in front of the \"hole\". Daffy is delighted that Porky is driving to Miami. He gathers his luggage and","psg_id":"14686312"},{"title":"Ron Allen (playwright)","text":"Ron Allen (playwright) Ronald \"Ron\" Allen (September 13, 1947 – August 10, 2010) was an African-American poet and playwright who described his work as a \"concert of language.\" The Detroit native employed intuitive configurations of language (i.e., image, trope, and metaphor) to invent new meaning and structures for the exploration and expression of language arts, including poetry and theater. Like fellow Detroit playwright Ron Milner, Allen's ear for the use of Afro-American language, particularly in Detroit, was keen. Known for his experiments with poetic verse, character, theme and structure, Allen created centers of language experiences and rhythm through his writing.","psg_id":"6220981"},{"title":"Blue Thumb Records","text":"1970. Gulf and Western's Famous Music Group took over distribution in mid-1971, then bought the label outright in 1972. Late in 1974, the Famous Music record labels were sold to ABC Records. ABC kept Blue Thumb active for a time, mostly for albums by the Pointer Sisters and the Crusaders as well as some reissues. In 1979 ABC sold its labels to MCA Records, which discontinued the Blue Thumb imprint altogether. In the United Kingdom and Europe, Blue Thumb releases were licensed to Harvest Records (also owned by EMI) from 1969 to 1971, and to Island Records thereafter. The label","psg_id":"3641914"},{"title":"James Love (poet)","text":"differ as to the name of the designer. A third gives it to [David] Garrick and it is evident that there was a good deal of confusion as to the various participants.\" James Love (poet) James Love (1721–1774) was the pseudonym of British poet, playwright and actor James Dance. He is best known for his poem \"Cricket: An Heroic Poem\" (1744). Son of George Dance the Elder, who worked as an architect and city surveyor, Love was himself a cricketer, being a member of Richmond Cricket Club. Richmond was a leading club in the 1740s and Love may have represented","psg_id":"12597677"},{"title":"Ryan Craig (playwright)","text":"Ryan Craig (playwright) Ryan Craig (January 9, 1972 - ) is a British playwright, screen, television and radio writer whose plays usually involve both ethical and social matters. He is best-known for his plays \"What We Did To Weinstein\" (Menier Chocolate Factory, London, 2005) which earned Craig a Most Promising Playwright Nomination at the Evening Standard Awards; \"The Glass Room\" (Hampstead Theatre, 2006), which deals with Holocaust denial; the English version of Tadeusz Slobodzianek's \"Our Class\" (2009) and \"The Holy\" \"Rosenbergs\" (2011), both at the National Theatre. His most recent play is the semi-autobiographical \"Filthy Business\" (Hampstead Theatre, London, 2017).","psg_id":"15674494"},{"title":"Famous for being famous","text":"Famous for being famous Famous for being famous is a pejorative term for someone who attains celebrity status for no particularly identifiable reason (as opposed to fame based on achievements, skill, or talent) and appears to generate their own fame, or someone who achieves fame through a family or relationship association with an existing celebrity. The term originates from an analysis of the media-dominated world called \"The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-events in America\" (1961), by historian and social theorist Daniel J. Boorstin. In it, he defined the celebrity as \"a person who is known for his well-knownness\". He further","psg_id":"9677767"},{"title":"Thumb","text":"and hand research pioneers John and Prudence Napier defined opposition as: \"A movement by which the pulp surface of the thumb is placed squarely in contact with - or diametrically opposite to - the terminal pads of one or all of the remaining digits.\" For this \"true\", pulp-to-pulp opposition to be possible, the thumb must rotate about its long axis (at the carpometacarpal joint). Arguably, this definition was chosen to underline what is unique to the human thumb. Anatomists and other researchers focused exclusively on human anatomy, on the other hand, tend to elaborate this definition in various ways and,","psg_id":"1597507"},{"title":"Sonnets on Eminent Characters","text":"model of Milton's sonnet on Henry Lawes (\"Sonnet 13\") in a similar manner of \"To Bowles\" and \"To Mrs Siddons\". Like what happened with Godwin, Coleridge grew distant from Southey, which coincided with Coleridge's emphasis on Christianity as an essential component to his political beliefs. However, even within the poem, there is no direct reference to Southey's liberal political beliefs. Instead, the poem only discusses Southey as a poet. \"To Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Esq.\" was first published in the 29 January 1795 \"Morning Chronicle\". Richard Brinsley Sheridan was a famous comic playwright, but Coleridge emphasized the sentimental aspects of Sheridan's","psg_id":"13537116"},{"title":"Branded (Dad's Army)","text":"Branded (Dad's Army) Branded is the eleventh episode of the third series of the British comedy series \"Dad's Army\". It was originally transmitted on Thursday 20 November 1969. On a night of programmes devoted to Dad's Army, Jimmy Perry named it his favourite episode. \"When we told Arnold Ridley that we'd written a part especially for him, he was absolutely delighted. When he read the script he said, \"Jimmy, its good to mention \"conchies\" as they were called, because they went through hell a lot of them, and a lot of them had high principles. I'm very honoured to play","psg_id":"6932024"},{"title":"Thumb tip","text":"use a thumb tip with a piece of pencil lead at the end which can be used to secretly write on a piece of paper, similar to a swami gimmick. A thumb tip embedded with magnets can be utilized in performance to effect a magnetic compass to move. Thumb tip A thumb tip is a magician's prop designed to fit over and appear to be the magician's thumb used for vanishing, producing, or switching small objects. A classic effect is to have a silk handkerchief or other small object pressed into the top of the left fist. After pushing it","psg_id":"6050076"},{"title":"Narendra Mohan (poet)","text":"f. Telugu by Dr. Basanta (under Publication). g. English by Dr. O.P. Arora (2011). Narendra Mohan (poet) Narendra Mohan (born 30 July 1935, Lahore) is an eminent Hindi poet, playwright and critic, who also writes in Punjabi. Narendra Mohan (Eminent Poet, Playwright and critic) Born on 30 July 1935 in Lahore.After the partition, he accompanied by his parents shifted to Ambala and received his education from Matriculation to M.A at Ambala. After six years of teaching at various colleges in Panjab and Agricultural University, Hissar( Haryana), shifted to Delhi University, Khalsa College and later on joined as Reader in Hindi","psg_id":"12712850"},{"title":"Branded Man","text":"it were common knowledge.\" Haggard would be legally pardoned for his past crimes by California's Governor Ronald Reagan in 1971. The single \"Branded Man\" hit number one on the US country music charts in 1967, the first of four straight number ones Haggard would score in the next two years. The song is a little reminiscent of an old Roy Acuff song called \"Branded Wherever I Go,\" which producer Ken Nelson had recorded with the Louvin Brothers in 1962. \"Branded Man\" kicked off an incredible artistic run for Haggard; in 2013 Haggard biographer David Cantwell states, \"The immediate successors to","psg_id":"7180442"},{"title":"William Stevenson (poet)","text":"William Stevenson (poet) William Stevenson (1530–1575) was an English clergyman and presumed playwright of the early English language comedy \"Gammer Gurton's Needle\". Born in Durham, England, he studied at Christ's College, Cambridge, where he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1553, his Master of Arts degree in 1560 and his Bachelor of Divinity degree, also in 1560. Account books at Christ's College list him in 1550-1553 and again in 1559-1560 as involved in putting on plays, though they do not mention \"Gammer Gurton's Needle\" explicitly. He became a prebend at Durham Cathedral in 1561. Famous quotation: \"I am so","psg_id":"10666013"},{"title":"Thumb Drift","text":"Thumb Drift Thumb Drift is a 2016 racing video game where the player has to control a car to avoid hitting obstacles or the edge of the track using their thumb. Created by Australian developer SMG Studios, it was first released for iOS with an Android release following soon after. The gameplay consists of the player drifting a car along different tracks. This is done by the player dragging their finger left or right causing the back of the car to move in that direction. There are coins on the track which the player can collect. These coins can be","psg_id":"20027786"},{"title":"M. A. Griffiths","text":"Minnesota, Missouri, Maryland, California and Texas. A collection of her poems, \"Grasshopper: The Poetry of M. A. Griffiths\" was published in the U.K. by Arrowhead Press in January 2011 with an introduction by the British poet Alan Wickes. Within a month, orders for the book had come in from Australia, Canada, the US, the Philippines, and Israel. Another edition for the U.S. and Canada was published by Able Muse Press in April 2011. M. A. Griffiths M. A. Griffiths (1947–2009) was a British poet who developed an international following on the Internet. Margaret Ann Griffiths, who was of English and","psg_id":"15194081"},{"title":"Thumb tip","text":"Thumb tip A thumb tip is a magician's prop designed to fit over and appear to be the magician's thumb used for vanishing, producing, or switching small objects. A classic effect is to have a silk handkerchief or other small object pressed into the top of the left fist. After pushing it well in with the right thumb, the left fist is opened to show the silk has disappeared. Alternatively, a lit cigarette, liquid, salt or other small objects can be made to disappear in a similar manner. A similar effect would be to cause a handkerchief or other small","psg_id":"6050069"},{"title":"Ian McMillan (poet)","text":"Ian McMillan (poet) Ian McMillan (born 21 January 1956) is an English poet, journalist, playwright, and broadcaster. He is known for his strong and distinctive Barnsley-area accent and his incisive, friendly interview style on programmes such as BBC Radio 3's \"The Verb\". He lives in Darfield, the village of his birth. McMillan was born in Darfield, South Yorkshire. He attended Low Valley Junior School and Wath Grammar School and graduated in Modern Studies from North Staffordshire Polytechnic in 1978. He started performing on the live poetry circuit in the 1970s. He has had several volumes of his own poetry published,","psg_id":"5273041"},{"title":"Ernest Austin (murderer)","text":"the first state in Australia and the first government in the British Empire to abolish the death penalty. Ernest Austin (murderer) Ernest Austin (1890 – 22 September 1913) was an Australian criminal, notable for being the last person executed in Queensland. On 8 June 1913, 11-year-old Ivy Mitchell was found raped and murdered at Cedar Creek Road, near Samford, Queensland. Ivy was the daughter of a farmer, who had been playing at the home of her friend, 7-year-old Mary Frisch, and at dusk Ivy left to go home. The Mitchell family lived two miles away from the Frisch family, and","psg_id":"13484838"},{"title":"Thumb tip","text":"object to appear in the left fist after previously showing it empty. The right hand approaches the left and after a brief pause pulls out the silk handkerchief bit by bit from the fist. These appearances and disappearances are achieved by a small flesh-colored imitation thumb tip, usually made of plastic, rubber or painted metal, which fits loosely over the thumb. Space exists between the thumb and the tip into which a small object can be concealed. For the vanish, the tip is already in the left fist. The handkerchief or cigarette is pressed into the tip with the fingers","psg_id":"6050070"},{"title":"So I Married an Axe Murderer","text":"film was first released in June 1999. The artwork for the DVD was different than the original film poster, which had Harriet holding an axe behind her back. A \"Deluxe Edition\" DVD and Blu-ray edition were released in June 2008. So I Married an Axe Murderer So I Married an Axe Murderer is a 1993 American romantic black comedy film, directed by Thomas Schlamme and starring Mike Myers and Nancy Travis. Myers plays Charlie MacKenzie, a man afraid of commitment, until he meets Harriet (Travis), who works at a butcher shop and may be a serial killer. Myers also plays","psg_id":"1689840"},{"title":"Rich and Famous (play)","text":"Stephen DeRosa and Gregory Wallace. The reviewer for \"sfgate.com\" wrote: \"Written as a vaudeville - complete with snappy, tuneful songs by Guare and musical director Laura Burton providing accompaniment on an old upright piano - 'Rich' follows the downward spiral of playwright Bing Ringling (Brooks Ashmanskas) on the opening night of the off-off-Broadway premiere (\"in a toilet on Death Street\") of his first produced play...The problem with these characters isn't in the over-the-top performances but in the dated quality of much of the humor, and their cumulative effect doesn't take us on much of a journey.\" Rich and Famous (play)","psg_id":"18918471"},{"title":"John Cunningham (poet and dramatist)","text":"1766 Extract from an Elegy on a pile of Ruins Search where Ambition raged with rigour steeled Where Slaughter like the rapid lightning ran And say, while memory weeps the blood-stained field Where lies the chief? And where the common man? Newcastle Beer – A lyrical poem with classical illusions, aimed at the moneyed class Holiday Gown John Cunningham (poet and dramatist) John Cunningham (1729–1773) was a Dublin born playwright, poet and actor, who spent much of his life in, and according to Allan, \"whose name and fame will for ever be identified with Newcastle.\" John Cunningham was born in","psg_id":"9088125"},{"title":"Edward Howard (playwright)","text":"literary fop...\" In a quarrel over the \"Change of Crowns\" matter, actor and fellow playwright John Lacy reportedly called Howard \"more a fool than a poet.\" Howard slapped Lacy's face with his glove, and Lacy cracked Howard over the head with his cane. Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset wrote his \"Satire on a Conceited Playwright\" about Edward Howard; Dorset called Howard's poetry \"solid nonsense that abides all tests.\" Thomas Shadwell caricatured Howard as the \"poet Ninny\" in his first play, \"The Sullen Lovers\" (1668). Alexander Pope included a mention of him in \"The Dunciad\", Book 1, line 297. His","psg_id":"12495566"},{"title":"M. NourbeSe Philip","text":"M. NourbeSe Philip Marlene Nourbese Philip (born 3 February 1947), usually credited as M. NourbeSe Philip, is a Canadian poet, novelist, playwright, essayist and short story writer. Born in the Caribbean in Woodlands, Moriah, Trinidad and Tobago, Philip was educated at the University of the West Indies. She subsequently pursued graduate degrees in political science and law at the University of Western Ontario, and practised law in Toronto, Ontario, for seven years. She left her law practice in 1983 to devote time to her writing. Philip is known for experimentation with literary form and for her commitment to social justice.","psg_id":"7508961"},{"title":"An Airman's Letter to His Mother","text":"of \"official\" war films of the period. These films should explain: \"What Britain is fighting for, including contrasting British values with Nazi Germany's values; how Britain fights and the need for sacrifice if the fight is to be won.\" British propaganda films in Second World War also were in sharp contrast with the more racially tinged and strident examples from warring nations, especially Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. Most often, British films were topical, informative and \"entertaining or amusing.\" In the case of \"An Airman's Letter to His Mother\", the subject was the reading of a real letter left","psg_id":"8041333"},{"title":"What They Had","text":"December 2017, it was reported that Danny Mulhern would compose the film's score. In May 2017, Bleecker Street acquired domestic distribution rights to the film. It had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 21, 2018. \"What They Had\" was initially scheduled for release on March 16, 2018, but was pushed back to October 19, 2018. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 88% based on 81 reviews, with a weighted average of 7.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"What They Had\" finds laughter and tears in its portrait of a","psg_id":"20057248"},{"title":"Green Thumb Theatre","text":"Green Thumb Theatre Green Thumb Theatre (also known as the Green Thumb Theatre for Young People and simply as Green Thumb) is a Canadian children's theatre company based in Vancouver, British Columbia that was founded by Dennis Foon and Jane Howard Baker in 1975. The couple then went on to conceive and write New Canadian Kid, the company's signature play about a young boy who struggles with culture shock and bullying after immigrating to Canada. The play has been produced world wide for close to 40 years. Green Thumb operates in a former school house located in East Vancouver. In","psg_id":"18878829"},{"title":"Thumb signal","text":"for the thumbs up and thumbs down gestures, respectively. A reversed (left-facing) thumbs up gesture is encoded at U+1F592. Other symbols are -b (right hand) and d- (left hand). Various instant messaging services use codice_1 and codice_2 as a shortcut for thumbs up and thumbs down emoji. Thumb signal A thumb signal, usually described as a thumbs-up or thumbs-down, is a common hand gesture achieved by a closed fist held with the thumb extended upward or downward in approval or disapproval, respectively. These gestures have become metaphors in , regardless of whether the gesture was actually made. The source of","psg_id":"7278789"},{"title":"Rich and Famous (play)","text":"Rich and Famous (play) Rich and Famous is a two-act play by John Guare. It premiered in 1974 at the Academy Festival Theatre in Lake Forest, Illinois, and made its Off-Broadway debut in 1976. Bing Ringling is an old \"promising\" playwright, finally about to have a play produced -- play number 844. \"Rich and Famous\" was first produced by William Gardner at the Academy Festival Theatre, in Lake Forest, Illinois, in August 1974. It was directed by Mel Shapiro and starred Charles Kimbrough, Linda Lavin, and Ron Leibman. Guare wrote the music for the play, which was performed by a","psg_id":"18918469"},{"title":"M. Carl Holman","text":"M. Carl Holman M. Carl Holman (born June 27, 1919, Minter City, Mississippi, United States — died August 9, 1988, Washington, D.C.) was an African-American author, poet and playwright. One of his noted works is \"The Baptizin\"‘ (1971). Holman grew up in St. Louis, Missouri. He graduated magna cum laude from Lincoln University in 1942 and earned a master's degree from the University of Chicago. He then earned another master's degree from Yale University, where he attended on a creative writing scholarship. He taught as an English professor at Clark College for 14 years and also at Hampton University and","psg_id":"5659550"},{"title":"Dan O'Brien (playwright)","text":"Dan O'Brien (playwright) Dan O’Brien (born 1974) is an American playwright, poet, and librettist. His most prominent works have been the play \"The Body of an American\" and the poetry collection \"War Reporter\". He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for 2015-16. His most recent play, \"The House in Scarsdale: A Memoir for the Stage,\" is the winner of the 2018 PEN America Award for Drama. O'Brien's plays include \"The Three Christs of Ypsilanti\", \"The Cherry Sisters Revisited\", \"The Voyage of the Carcass\", \"The Dear Boy\", \"The House in Hydesville\", \"Moving Picture\", \"Key West\", \"Am Lit\", \"Lamarck\", \"The Last Supper Restoration\",","psg_id":"13432997"},{"title":"Famous Music","text":"Santander, Irv Gotti, Placebo, Modest Mouse, Jet and P.O.D.<ref name=\"Sony/ATV Music Publishing Completes Acquisition of Famous Music LLC from Viacom\"></ref> In May 2007, Viacom sold Famous Music to Sony/ATV Music Publishing co-owned by Sony and Michael Jackson for a reported $370m. Famous Music was then renamed Sony/ATV Harmony and Sony/ATV Melody. In December 2012, Sony/ATV sold the Famous Music UK song catalogue (which included Placebo and The Kooks) to BMG Rights Management. For a number of years, Famous Music also had a record label group division which included Blue Thumb Records, Dot Records and Paramount Records. In 1974 these were","psg_id":"7674526"},{"title":"James Thomson (poet, born 1700)","text":"Haydn's oratorio \"The Seasons\". Thomson is one of the sixteen Scottish poets and writers appearing on the Scott Monument on Princes Street in Edinburgh. He appears on the right side of the east face. Thomson has a large memorial in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey next to William Shakespeare and underneath his countryman, Robert Burns. James Thomson (poet, born 1700) James Thomson (c. 11 September 1700 – 27 August 1748) was a British poet and playwright, known for his poems \"The Seasons\" and \"The Castle of Indolence\", and for the lyrics of \"Rule, Britannia!\". James Thomson was born in Ednam","psg_id":"1952879"},{"title":"Desk murderer","text":"such as dispute that Eichmann was a desk murderer, as he took too active an interest in the process of the Holocaust. Maurice Papon, responsible for the deportation of Jews from France during the German occupation, was, like Eichmann, seen as a stereotypical desk murderer and, like Eichmann, long escaped justice. Heinrich Müller, chief of the Gestapo and Eichmann's superior, described by British historian Robert S. Wistrich as somebody who made mass murder into an administrative task, was another high-ranking desk murderer during World War II. Hannah Arendt, who reported on Eichmann's trial for \"The New Yorker\", published \"Eichmann in","psg_id":"20932379"},{"title":"M. NourbeSe Philip","text":"Poetry is about truth telling, but you need the lie - the artifice of the form to tell those truths.\" M. NourbeSe Philip Marlene Nourbese Philip (born 3 February 1947), usually credited as M. NourbeSe Philip, is a Canadian poet, novelist, playwright, essayist and short story writer. Born in the Caribbean in Woodlands, Moriah, Trinidad and Tobago, Philip was educated at the University of the West Indies. She subsequently pursued graduate degrees in political science and law at the University of Western Ontario, and practised law in Toronto, Ontario, for seven years. She left her law practice in 1983 to","psg_id":"7508969"},{"title":"Robert Patrick (playwright)","text":"Robert Patrick (playwright) Robert Patrick (born September 27, 1937) is an American playwright, poet, lyricist, short story writer, and novelist. He was born Robert Patrick O'Connor in Kilgore, Texas. O'Connor was born to migrant workers in Texas. Because his parents constantly moved around the southwestern United States looking for work, he never went to one school for a full year until his senior year of high school, in Roswell, New Mexico. Books, film, and radio were the only constants in his early life. His mother made sure he learned to read, and arranged for him to start school a year","psg_id":"5003729"},{"title":"Stewart Henderson (poet)","text":"Stewart Henderson (poet) Stewart Henderson is a British poet and broadcaster. He writes for both adults and children. The \"Church Times\" has said of him: 'What Michael Morpurgo has done for children's fiction, Henderson has done for poetry'. Henderson's poetry, which is often humorous, sometimes adopts the perspective of a child struggling to understand more about their place in the universe. His work has been anthologized and adopted as curriculum in primary schools in the UK and Scotland. He was shortlisted for the Scottish Children's Book Awards for \"Who Left Grandad at the Chipshop?\" Since 2006, Henderson has been the","psg_id":"18428130"},{"title":"Arthur Berry (playwright)","text":"strong links with Smallthorne and this small display focuses on his paintings, writing and unique sense of humour. It includes a video with footage of the artist speaking about his work\". Arthur Berry (playwright) Arthur Berry (7 February 1925 – 4 July 1994) was an English playwright, poet, teacher and artist, who was born in Smallthorne, Stoke-on-Trent. His individual creative work became deeply rooted in the culture, people and landscape of the industrial pottery town of Burslem. Berry was the son of a publican and grew up in the potteries city of Stoke-on-Trent during the Depression. He was born with","psg_id":"4419743"},{"title":"Thumb tip","text":"is achieved in a similar manner, but this time, the tip begins on the right thumb with the object already inside. To avoid detection, the tip may be kept down behind the right hand, or it may be pointed directly at the audience while the hand is in motion; done properly, it appears as though the right hand is empty. The left hand is openly shown to be empty, and is made into a fist. The right thumb is inserted into the left fist, while simultaneously the thumb and right fingers pull the concealed object out of the tip, which","psg_id":"6050072"},{"title":"Joseph Reed (playwright)","text":"Joseph Reed (playwright) Joseph Reed (March 1723 – 15 August 1787) was an English playwright and poet known for his 1761 farce \"The Register Office\" and the 1769 comic opera adaptation of Henry Fielding's \"Tom Jones\". Reed was born at Stockton, Durham, in March 1723, the second son of John Reed, a presbyterian ropemaker. After a very scanty education he succeeded to his father's business, which he practised with success through life. His leisure he devoted to a study of English literature, and he developed literary aspirations; but he always regarded himself as an amateur, and, when he began to","psg_id":"18145493"},{"title":"Joseph Reed (playwright)","text":"Joseph Reed (playwright) Joseph Reed (March 1723 – 15 August 1787) was an English playwright and poet known for his 1761 farce \"The Register Office\" and the 1769 comic opera adaptation of Henry Fielding's \"Tom Jones\". Reed was born at Stockton, Durham, in March 1723, the second son of John Reed, a presbyterian ropemaker. After a very scanty education he succeeded to his father's business, which he practised with success through life. His leisure he devoted to a study of English literature, and he developed literary aspirations; but he always regarded himself as an amateur, and, when he began to","psg_id":"18145485"},{"title":"Garland Anderson (playwright)","text":"Garland Anderson (playwright) Garland Anderson (February 18, 1886 – June 1, 1939) was an African-American playwright and speaker. After having a full-length drama on Broadway, Anderson gave talks on empowerment and success largely related to the New Thought movement. Born in Wichita, Kansas, his family moved to Sacramento, California. Anderson left home at an early age, working as a newsboy, railroad porter and hotel bellhop. In his late 30s he read a book about New Thought, saw a play by Channing Pollack and thought that his life experience and new attitude had the makings of a play. Anderson wrote the","psg_id":"20032171"},{"title":"Thumb","text":"thumb\", with homozygous carriers having an angle close to 90°. However this theory has been disputed, since the variation in thumb angle is known to fall on a continuum and shows little evidence of the bi-modality seen in other recessive genetic traits. Other formations of the thumb include a triphalangeal thumb and polydactyly. One of the earlier significant contributors to the study of hand grips was orthopedic primatologist and paleoanthropologist John Napier, who proposed organizing the movements of the hand by their anatomical basis as opposed to work done earlier that had only used arbitrary classification. Most of this early","psg_id":"1597518"},{"title":"Anthony Anderson (murderer)","text":"at least 2008 before release could be even considered. Anderson had tried to challenge the Home Secretary's tariff-setting powers earlier, but his first case in February 2001 failed. Anthony Anderson (murderer) Anthony Anderson is a convicted British murderer. He is most notable for successfully challenging the Home Secretary's powers to set minimum terms for life sentence prisoners. On 25 November 2002, the Law Lords ruled in favour of Anderson's claim that it was incompatible with human rights for politicians to set minimum terms for life sentence prisoners, and the next day the European Court of Human Rights agreed with this","psg_id":"10444656"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"James Miller (playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"man who had offended Miller. Several of his poems were published in \\\"Gentleman's Magazine\\\". Miller also contributed some religious writings, publishing a volume of his sermons. His sermons display an air of distinguished piety, and a zeal for the interest of what Miller called 'true religion'. James Miller (playwright) James Miller (1704–1744) was an English playwright, poet, librettist, and minister. Miller was born in Bridport, Dorset on 11 August 1704, the son of a clergyman who possessed two considerable livings in the county. He studied at Wadham College, Oxford, and while there wrote part of his famous comedy, \\\"The Humours\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12768755\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"An Officer and a Murderer\",\n \"text\": \"3000 military personnel who were under his command. An Officer and a Murderer was nominated for: An Officer and a Murderer won: There are mixed reviews regarding \\\"An Officer and a Murderer.\\\" The film's writer, Keith Ross Leckie, defended the movie against critics claiming it was insensitive and ignored the facts in favour of sensationalizing the story. Leckie told The Star that they were very careful in how they went about the making of \\\"An Officer and a Murderer,\\\" recognizing the sensitive material. The release of the movie was delayed for a year in an attempt to distance the recreation\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16667816\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Miller (playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"James Miller (playwright) James Miller (1704–1744) was an English playwright, poet, librettist, and minister. Miller was born in Bridport, Dorset on 11 August 1704, the son of a clergyman who possessed two considerable livings in the county. He studied at Wadham College, Oxford, and while there wrote part of his famous comedy, \\\"The Humours of Oxford\\\", which contained music by Richard Charke and was first performed on 9 January 1730, to great success. Miller's family was somewhat unsupportive of his theatrical endeavors. They had wanted him to pursue a career in business, but Miller showed a revulsion to such a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12768751\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"An Officer and a Murderer\",\n \"text\": \"parts recreated with precision accuracy are the assaults, rapes, and murders of his victims, forcing them to relive the horrors they are trying to leave behind. An Officer and a Murderer An Officer and a Murderer is a Lifetime television film about the crimes committed by Russell Williams, a former Colonel in the Royal Canadian Air Force. The movie aired in the United States of America on July 21, 2012 at 8pm. \\\"An Officer and a Murderer\\\" has received six award nominations, winning two of these awards. Russell Williams (Gary Cole), known to friends and family as 'Russ', is a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16667818\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"An Officer and a Murderer\",\n \"text\": \"An Officer and a Murderer An Officer and a Murderer is a Lifetime television film about the crimes committed by Russell Williams, a former Colonel in the Royal Canadian Air Force. The movie aired in the United States of America on July 21, 2012 at 8pm. \\\"An Officer and a Murderer\\\" has received six award nominations, winning two of these awards. Russell Williams (Gary Cole), known to friends and family as 'Russ', is a Colonel in the Royal Canadian Air Force. He is promoted to base commander at Canadian Forces Base Trenton, and celebrates the promotion with his wife, Mary\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16667810\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jack Davis (playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"century's Aboriginal Poet Laureate, and many of his plays are on Australian school syllabuses. Davis was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1976, and a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 1985. Jack Davis (playwright) Jack Davis (11 March 1917 – 17 March 2000) was an Australian 20th-century playwright and poet, and an Indigenous rights campaigner. He was born in Western Australia, in the small town of Yarloop, and lived in Fremantle towards the end of his life. He was of the Aboriginal Noongar people, and much of his work dealt with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5188571\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arthur Berry (playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"a man, poet, playwright and artist he came into his own. Peter Cheeseman (Director, for thirty five years, of the Victoria Theatre, Stoke-on-Trent and, latterly, the New Victoria Theatre, Newcastle-under-Lyme), recalls the many animated conversations they had enjoyed, and \\\"the swift gestures of his good left arm, banging at the elbow of his useless right...and the rich talk that pours out of him.\\\" He was \\\"eloquent in every way...a vigorous and expressive poet...a writer of stories, a dramatist...grotesquely hilarious...[and] an inspiring teacher of art, loved and admired by his students.\\\" He was \\\"a large, ungainly and glum man, tall and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4419731\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jay Wright (poet)\",\n \"text\": \"Jay Wright (poet) Jay Wright (born May 25, 1935) is an African-American poet, playwright, and essayist. Born in Albuquerque, New Mexico, he currently lives in Bradford, Vermont. Although his work is not as widely known as other American poets of his generation, it has received considerable critical acclaim. Wright's work is emblematic of what the Guyanese-British writer Wilson Harris has termed the \\\"cross-cultural imagination.\\\" Following his receiving the Bollingen Prize in Poetry in 2005, Wright is recognized as one of the principal contributors to poetry in the early 21st century. Before embarking on his writing career, Wright played professional baseball,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4936050\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Paul Mercier (film director and playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"Paul Mercier (film director and playwright) Paul Mercier (born 1958 in Dublin) is an Irish playwright screenwriter, film and theatre director. Born in Dublin and living in An Cheathru Rua he was the founder member and Artistic Director of the Passion Machine Theatre Company and of film production company An Pointe Productions. His work is famous for its gritty poetic realism and examination of ordinary, contemporary Irish life. Paul Mercier's work is known for what Irish journalist Fintan O'Toole calls its \\\"inclusive dramatic vision\\\". His plays have received numerous awards such as the Harvey's Irish Theatre Award for Best New\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19296464\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Famous for being famous\",\n \"text\": \"argued that the graphic revolution in journalism and other forms of communication had severed fame from greatness, and that this severance hastened the decay of fame into mere notoriety. Over the years, the phrase has been glossed as \\\"a celebrity is someone who is famous for being famous\\\". The British journalist Malcolm Muggeridge may have been the first to use the actual phrase in the introduction to his book \\\"Muggeridge Through The Microphone\\\" (1967) in which he wrote:In the past if someone was famous or notorious, it was for something—as a writer or an actor or a criminal; for some\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9677768\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blue Thumb Records\",\n \"text\": \"Blue Thumb Records Blue Thumb Records was an American record label founded in 1968 by Bob Krasnow and former A&M Records executives Tommy LiPuma and Don Graham. Blue Thumb's last record was released in 1978. Bob Krasnow had been in the record business for a number of years, working as a promotion man for King Records and also working for Buddah/Kama Sutra Records. Blue Thumb was originally intended to be the name of Captain Beefheart's band, but Krasnow did not think the name was right for the group. However, he chose the name for his label. Acts that appeared on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3641912\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Michael Hastings (playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Hastings (playwright) Michael Gerald Hastings (2 September 1938 – 19 November 2011) was a British playwright, screenwriter, and occasional novelist and poet. He is best known for his 1984 stage play and 1994 screenplay about the poet T.S. Eliot and his wife Vivienne Haigh-Wood, \\\"Tom & Viv\\\". Hastings was born in London, UK. His early plays (\\\"Don't Destroy Me\\\" (1956), \\\"Yes And After\\\" (1957)) reflected the influence of the Angry Young Men movement and his brief involvement with the circle surrounding Colin Wilson. He later enjoyed mainstream West End success with \\\"Gloo Joo\\\" (1978), a farce about a West\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12631834\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thomas Preston (British Army officer)\",\n \"text\": \"Instead, they were branded on the thumb with a hot iron, the letter \\\"M\\\" for murder. Captain Preston was found not guilty. After his trial, Preston retired from the army. He reportedly settled in Ireland. Adams later recalled seeing him in London in the 1780s, when Adams was serving there as US Minister to Britain. The communities of East Preston and North Preston, Nova Scotia may have been named for him. Thomas Preston (British Army officer) Thomas Preston (1722) was a British officer, a captain who served in Boston in the Province of Massachusetts Bay. He commanded troops in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5765817\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Peter Barnes (playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"Peter Barnes (playwright) Peter Barnes (10 January 1931 – 1 July 2004) was an English Olivier Award-winning playwright and screenwriter. His most famous work is the play \\\"The Ruling Class\\\", which was made into a 1972 film for which Peter O'Toole received an Oscar nomination. Barnes was educated at Marling School in Stroud, Gloucestershire and performed his national service with the Royal Air Force. He then worked briefly for London County Council. Bored with his job, Barnes took a correspondence course in theology and began to visit the British Museum reading room, which he used as an office on a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4085612\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Patrick (playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"as a reader, singer, and actor. In March 2014, he gave a solo performance about his career entitled, \\\"What Doesn't Kill Me Makes a Great Story Later,\\\" which featured a capella renditions of several of his original songs. Robert Patrick (playwright) Robert Patrick (born September 27, 1937) is an American playwright, poet, lyricist, short story writer, and novelist. He was born Robert Patrick O'Connor in Kilgore, Texas. O'Connor was born to migrant workers in Texas. Because his parents constantly moved around the southwestern United States looking for work, he never went to one school for a full year until his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5003740\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Thumb\",\n \"text\": \"The Thumb The Thumb is a region and a peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan, so named because the Lower Peninsula is shaped like a mitten. The Thumb area is generally considered to be in the Central Michigan region, located east of the Tri-Cities, and north of Metro Detroit. The region is also branded as the Blue Water Area of Michigan. The counties which constitute the Thumb are those forming the extended peninsula that stretches northward into Lake Huron and Saginaw Bay. There is no formal declaration for which of these counties are part of the Thumb. While virtually\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3517703\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hugh Montgomery (British Army soldier)\",\n \"text\": \"attorney. Montgomery and fellow soldier Matthew Kilroy were both found guilty of manslaughter on 5 December. They returned to court nine days later and \\\"prayed clergy\\\" to avoid the death sentence. Instead, they were branded on the thumb, with a hot iron, the letter \\\"M\\\" for murder. The two reportedly burst into tears before receiving the punishment. Montgomery had a wife and three children staying with him in Boston. Hugh Montgomery (British Army soldier) Private Hugh Montgomery was a soldier of the 29th Regiment of Foot who was present at the Boston Massacre. He killed one man and was found\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15065207\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"D. M. Thomas\",\n \"text\": \"D. M. Thomas Donald Michael Thomas, known as D. M. Thomas (born 27 January 1935), is a British novelist, poet, playwright and translator. He is best known for his novel \\\"The White Hotel\\\" (1981). Thomas was born in Redruth, Cornwall, UK. He attended Trewirgie Primary School and Redruth Grammar School before graduating with First Class Honours in English from New College, Oxford in 1959. He lived and worked in Australia and the United States before returning to his native Britain. He published poetry and some prose in the British Science fiction magazine \\\"New Worlds\\\" (from 1968). The work that made\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6164952\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Made America Famous?\",\n \"text\": \"What Made America Famous? \\\"What Made America Famous?\\\" is a song written and performed by Harry Chapin. The song was included on his 1974 album, Verities & Balderdash. It has also been included on numerous posthumous compilation albums. The song inspired Chapin to write the award nominated Broadway musical, The Night That Made America Famous. The song shows a man, his girlfriend, and kids living in a rundown home. Eventually, a house fire starts, and they need rescue. It is continually asked in the song if anybody cares. It ends with the firefighters waiting to respond to \\\"let them sweat\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20656147\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Peter Barnes (playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"time to triplets Abigail, Nathaniel and Zachary. Peter Barnes (playwright) Peter Barnes (10 January 1931 – 1 July 2004) was an English Olivier Award-winning playwright and screenwriter. His most famous work is the play \\\"The Ruling Class\\\", which was made into a 1972 film for which Peter O'Toole received an Oscar nomination. Barnes was educated at Marling School in Stroud, Gloucestershire and performed his national service with the Royal Air Force. He then worked briefly for London County Council. Bored with his job, Barnes took a correspondence course in theology and began to visit the British Museum reading room, which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4085617\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Matthew Kilroy (British Army soldier)\",\n \"text\": \"become President of the United States, was his attorney. Kilroy and Montgomery were both found guilty of manslaughter on 5 December. They returned to court nine days later and pleaded \\\"benefit of clergy\\\" to avoid the death sentence. Instead, they were branded on the thumb, with a hot iron, the letter \\\"M\\\" for murder. The two reportedly burst into tears before receiving the punishment. Kilroy was illiterate. Kilroy was a main character of the book \\\"The Fifth of March\\\" by author Ann Rinaldi. Matthew Kilroy (British Army soldier) Private Matthew Kilroy was a soldier of the 29th Regiment of Foot\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15073522\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Thumb\",\n \"text\": \"in most of Sanilac, Lapeer, Genesee and Saint Clair Counties. All of Macomb County is served by area code 586, as is a small part of south-western Saint Clair County. The Thumb The Thumb is a region and a peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan, so named because the Lower Peninsula is shaped like a mitten. The Thumb area is generally considered to be in the Central Michigan region, located east of the Tri-Cities, and north of Metro Detroit. The region is also branded as the Blue Water Area of Michigan. The counties which constitute the Thumb are those\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3517727\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Petre M. Andreevski\",\n \"text\": \"Petre M. Andreevski Petre Mito Andreevski () (June 25, 1934 – September 25, 2006) was a famous Macedonian poet, novelist, short story writer and playwright. He was born in 1934 in the village of Sloeštica, Demir Hisar. Attended elementary school in his native village, high school in Bitola, studied at the Faculty of Philosophy (now Philology) in Skopje. Worked as an editor with the Macedonian National Television. He was also an editor of the periodical \\\"Razgledi\\\". Member of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts since May 2000. Member of the Macedonian Writers’ Association. Several selections of his literary opus\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14941867\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jean Rostand\",\n \"text\": \"playwright Edmond Rostand and poet Rosemonde Gérard. He was the brother of novelist and playwright Maurice Rostand. Following in the footsteps of his father, Rostand was elected to the Académie française in 1959. Rostand was active in several causes, in particular against nuclear proliferation and the death penalty. An agnostic, he demonstrated humanist convictions. He wrote several books on the question of eugenism and the responsibilities of mankind regarding its own fate and its place in nature. He is famous for the following quotation: \\\"Kill one man, and you are a murderer. Kill millions of men, and you are a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5745456\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aatreya (playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"Aatreya (playwright) Aacharya Aatreya (born Kilambi Venkata Narasimhacharyulu ) (7 May 1921 – 13 September 1989) was an Indian poet, scenarist, playwright, lyricist, and screenwriter known for his works in Telugu cinema, and Telugu theatre. He received the state Nandi Award for Best Lyricist in 1981 for \\\"Andamaina Lokamani\\\" from the film \\\"Tholikoodi Koochindi\\\". He was born in Mangalampadu village near Sullurpet, Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh. As a student in Nellore and Chittoor he wrote several plays. He abandoned his studies to participate in Quit India Movement and was jailed. After releasing from jail, he had worked as a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5228966\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thumb Fun\",\n \"text\": \"vainly tries to use all winter for a ride. Daffy ends the cartoon by adding, \\\"Owwwww, my aching thumb.\\\" and the scene irises-out. Thumb Fun Thumb Fun is a 1952 \\\"Looney Tunes\\\" (reissued as a Blue Ribbon \\\"Merrie Melodies\\\") short starring Daffy Duck and Porky Pig, directed by Robert McKimson. Mel Blanc provided the voices for both of the characters. Daffy scoffs at a flock of ducks flying south as he decides to hitchhike his way south. Not having any luck so far, Daffy paints what appears to be an excavation hole in the road. Porky arrives in his red\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14686316\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joske's Thumb\",\n \"text\": \"Joske's Thumb Joske's Thumb is a precipitous volcanic plug that rises in the skyline to the west of Suva, Fiji. It is located 15 kilometers west of Suva and its base is accessible from Naikorokoro Road, which connects Naikorokoro Village to Queens Road. Other sources note that Naikorokoro Road, the road toward Joske's Thumb, intersects on the north side of Queens Road, west of the Lami Bay Hotel outside Lami. Sir Edmund Hillary, the mountaineer made famous for being the first climber (with his Sherpa guide Tenzing Norgay) confirmed as having reached the summit of Mount Everest in Nepal, was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11499701\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Made Milwaukee Famous (band)\",\n \"text\": \"opened for The Smashing Pumpkins, Arcade Fire, The Black Keys, and Snow Patrol. WMMF has been featured on spots in \\\"Billboard\\\" and Rolling Stone bands-to-watch lists. The band's name comes from Jerry Lee Lewis's \\\"What's Made Milwaukee Famous (Has Made a Loser Out of Me)\\\". What Made Milwaukee Famous (band) What Made Milwaukee Famous (WMMF) is an indie rock band from Austin, Texas. In 2005, WMMF performed for Austin City Limits with Franz Ferdinand, making them one of the only unsigned bands to play for the show in its 43-year history. In 2006, the band signed with Barsuk Records, which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9692482\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thumb\",\n \"text\": \"pollicis longus, it is attached to the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. It extends the thumb and, because of its close relationship to the long abductor, also abducts the thumb. It is innervated by the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7-T1). The tendons of the extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis form what is known as the anatomical snuff box (an indentation on the lateral aspect of the thumb at its base) The radial artery can be palpated anteriorly at the wrist(not in the snuffbox). There are three thenar muscles: The abductor pollicis brevis (APB)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1597514\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Simon Jackson (playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"Simon Jackson (playwright) Simon Jackson is a British playwright, filmmaker and poet, born in Manchester, UK. His plays deal with themes of redemptive love, the trauma of creation and the peeling back of layers to reveal the truth. The plays often exist in a dream like space between reality and fantasy and are characterised by poetic language and rich imagery. Born in Manchester, Jackson studied Literature and Commercial Art at North Carolina State University in Raleigh, USA and Drama at Manchester University. He was later awarded an MA (Distinction) in Textual Analysis and Creative Writing at Edinburgh University. He was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14749850\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Howard (playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"later used. He had three brothers who also wrote plays — Edward Howard, Colonel Henry Howard, and James Howard. Their sister, Elizabeth Howard, was married to the influential English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright John Dryden. Robert Howard (playwright) Sir Robert Howard (January 1626 – 3 September 1698) was an English playwright and politician, born to Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire and his wife Elizabeth. As the 18-year-old son of a royalist family, he fought at the battle of Cropredy Bridge and was knighted for the bravery he showed there. In the years after the English Civil War\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8988682\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thumb position\",\n \"text\": \"the third ledger line in bass clef notation for the double bass). To play passages in this register, the player shifts his hand out from behind the neck and flattens it out, using the side of the thumb to press down the string. When playing in thumb position, the use of the fourth finger is replaced by the third finger, as the fourth finger becomes too short to produce a reliable tone. Bass instruction books often teach thumb position by having the player place the left-hand thumb on the high G note (on the third leger line in bass clef\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12520631\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Journalist and the Murderer\",\n \"text\": \"is going on knows that what he does is morally indefensible.\\\" She continues: Malcolm took as her subject the popular non-fiction writer Joe McGinniss; McGinniss had become a best-selling author with his 1969 work \\\"The Selling of the President 1968\\\". After an interview with the accused murderer Jeffrey MacDonald, MacDonald proposed that McGinniss write a book of his story and asked for a share of the revenue from the book as a way to fund his legal battle. McGinniss agreed. Having received a sizable advance payment for the true crime project that would become \\\"Fatal Vision\\\", McGinniss struck up a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11671894\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"D. M. Thomas\",\n \"text\": \"is seen as more postmodern than plagiarist. In the 1950s, at height of the Cold War, Thomas studied Russian during his National Service. He retained a lifelong interest in Russian culture and literature. This culminated in a series of well-received translations of Russian poetry in the 1980s. D. M. Thomas Donald Michael Thomas, known as D. M. Thomas (born 27 January 1935), is a British novelist, poet, playwright and translator. He is best known for his novel \\\"The White Hotel\\\" (1981). Thomas was born in Redruth, Cornwall, UK. He attended Trewirgie Primary School and Redruth Grammar School before graduating with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6164954\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Made Milwaukee Famous (band)\",\n \"text\": \"What Made Milwaukee Famous (band) What Made Milwaukee Famous (WMMF) is an indie rock band from Austin, Texas. In 2005, WMMF performed for Austin City Limits with Franz Ferdinand, making them one of the only unsigned bands to play for the show in its 43-year history. In 2006, the band signed with Barsuk Records, which re-released their 2004 debut album, \\\"Trying to Never Catch Up\\\". Their second album, \\\"What Doesn't Kill Us\\\", was released on March 4, 2008. Since forming, the band has played at the South by Southwest music festival, the Austin City Limits Festival, and Lollapalooza. They have\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9692481\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thumb hypoplasia\",\n \"text\": \"type IIIA is amenable to reconstruction and not type IIIB. Others say type IIIA is not suitable for reconstruction too. Based on the diagnosis the doctor has to decide what is needed to be done to obtain a more functional thumb, i.e. reconstruction or pollicization. In this group careful attention should be paid to anomalous tendons coming from the forearm (extrinsic muscles, like an aberrant long thumb flexor – flexor pollicis longus). - Type IV is called a pouce flottant, floating thumb. This thumb has a neurovascular bundle which connects it to the skin of the hand. There’s no evidence\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15029993\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dear Murderer\",\n \"text\": \"Performance in Oslo, Norway. (Star Greta Gynt was Norwegian.) The movie featured in a trial. Arthur Colyer was arrested for attempted murder of his wife. His wife was accused of passing off the plot for \\\"Dear Murderer\\\" as evidence, although she denied it. The play was adapted for British TV in 1949 and 1957, and for German TV in 1972. Dan O'Herlihy performed the role on stage in Los Angeles in 1955. Dear Murderer Dear Murderer is a 1947 British film noir crime, drama, thriller, directed by Arthur Crabtree for Gainsborough Pictures, and starring Eric Portman and Greta Gynt. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14812288\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Simon Jackson (playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"Hayes and Aonghas MacNeacail, shown by the BBC, at the UN Climate Change Conference in Mexico and at Film and Literary Festivals around the world. He was invited to write a series of treatments for Transporter 2 (2004) by Jason Statham. Although the treatments were not used he has recently finished a full length screenplay for a new Statham project. Simon Jackson (playwright) Simon Jackson is a British playwright, filmmaker and poet, born in Manchester, UK. His plays deal with themes of redemptive love, the trauma of creation and the peeling back of layers to reveal the truth. The plays\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14749854\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Thumb\",\n \"text\": \"until 1967 in a dubbed version, a Mexican version of \\\"Tom Thumb\\\" (originally titled Pulgarcito) was made based loosely on Charles Perrault's \\\"Le petit Poucet\\\". A darker, modernized film version using stop motion animation called \\\"The Secret Adventures of Tom Thumb\\\" was released in 1993, and \\\"Tom Thumb Meets Thumbelina\\\" and the 2002 direct-to-DVD animated movie, \\\"The Adventures of Tom Thumb and Thumbelina\\\" brought together the two most famous tiny people of literature, with Tom voiced by Elijah Wood. Text stories and later comic strips based on the Tom Thumb character appeared in the anthology comic \\\"The Beano\\\" from the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1883393\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Randall's Thumb\",\n \"text\": \"companion piece for \\\"Randall's Thumb\\\". Litton continued to commission works from Gilbert, including Gilbert's adaptation of Charles Dickens' \\\"Great Expectations\\\" in 1871, \\\"Broken Hearts\\\" in 1875, various translations of French works, and \\\"The Happy Land\\\" in 1873, which portrayed members of the British Government on stage and caused such a scandal that it had an unusually long run. On 8 May 1871, \\\"Randall's Thumb\\\" opened in New York at Wallack's Theatre. The review in the following day's \\\"New York Times\\\" proclaimed it a \\\"well-earned success\\\", though the reviewer also ventured the criticism that Gilbert \\\"knows the stage better than he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13838937\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So I Married an Axe Murderer\",\n \"text\": \"his usual self and was playing outside himself. Personality clashes were bound to happen. We struggled.\\\" However, the director denied that Myers was a control freak, and praised the \\\"total commitment to his work. (But) yes, it was difficult.\\\" In addition, several major newspapers and magazines claimed that the film went over budget, with in-fighting among the principal actors and lengthy release delays, and that it was unfunny. Despite these early reports, \\\"So I Married an Axe Murderer\\\" scored high at test screenings. Set in San Francisco, California, the film features many famous sights and neighborhoods of the Golden State\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1689831\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Cunningham (poet and dramatist)\",\n \"text\": \"John Cunningham (poet and dramatist) John Cunningham (1729–1773) was a Dublin born playwright, poet and actor, who spent much of his life in, and according to Allan, \\\"whose name and fame will for ever be identified with Newcastle.\\\" John Cunningham was born in 1729 in Dublin, Ireland. His parents, who were of Scottish descent, had won a lottery, risen up the social ladder, become bankrupt, and moved back down the social ladder. John went to Drogheda Grammar School, Drogheda, but had to leave when his father's wealth disappeared. Early in life he was attracted to the stage and the acting\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9088119\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Made America Famous?\",\n \"text\": \"a little\\\", and the plumber ends up saving everyone in the home. They spend the night in the plumber's home and realize that heroes are people who you'd never suspect, or ever know. The song was inspired when Chapin himself lived in Point Lookout in Long Island during the 1960s. There was a suspicious fire in a low-income residence. Although it is unknown how the actual firefighters responded, he imagined that they responded like in the song. What Made America Famous? \\\"What Made America Famous?\\\" is a song written and performed by Harry Chapin. The song was included on his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20656148\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thumb tip\",\n \"text\": \"and then finally the right thumb, which comes quickly out of the hand with the tip on, and the object inside, between the tip and thumb. While the audience is looking at the fist, the performer has chance to misdirect and dump the tip and contents in a pocket, perhaps under cover of putting the hand in the pocket to obtain some \\\"magic dust\\\" to sprinkle on the left fist. Alternatively, the tip may be kept on the thumb for an indeterminate amount of time, using techniques of misdirection and shading to keep it invisible to the audience. An appearance\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6050071\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narendra Mohan (poet)\",\n \"text\": \"Narendra Mohan (poet) Narendra Mohan (born 30 July 1935, Lahore) is an eminent Hindi poet, playwright and critic, who also writes in Punjabi. Narendra Mohan (Eminent Poet, Playwright and critic) Born on 30 July 1935 in Lahore.After the partition, he accompanied by his parents shifted to Ambala and received his education from Matriculation to M.A at Ambala. After six years of teaching at various colleges in Panjab and Agricultural University, Hissar( Haryana), shifted to Delhi University, Khalsa College and later on joined as Reader in Hindi Department, Delhi University. Retired in the year 2000. Active for the last four decades\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12712836\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Love (poet)\",\n \"text\": \"James Love (poet) James Love (1721–1774) was the pseudonym of British poet, playwright and actor James Dance. He is best known for his poem \\\"Cricket: An Heroic Poem\\\" (1744). Son of George Dance the Elder, who worked as an architect and city surveyor, Love was himself a cricketer, being a member of Richmond Cricket Club. Richmond was a leading club in the 1740s and Love may have represented Surrey too. However, no details have survived of his playing career. He was also likely the founder of the Theatre Royal in Richmond upon Thames, which he managed from 1766 to 1773.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12597673\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blair Thumb\",\n \"text\": \"to interview people about the Blair Thumb. The first woman they interview tells them that she believes in the Blair Thumb to be a spirit that haunts the woods, and that she wouldn't be caught dead in the woods. Then she's shows her baby to them, who is possessed by Satan. The next person is a man who says kids have been disappearing in the woods, comparing the disappearances to the magic acts of David Copperfield. The next person they interview is an unhelpful pirate. Then they move on to interviewing the famous one-eyed thumb, who says \\\"ee-hoo!\\\" The next\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13280146\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jean Castaing (playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"Jean Castaing (playwright) Jean Castaing (1723 in Alençon – March 1805 in Alençon) was an 18th-century French poet, playwright and printer. Both an author, typographer, or bookbinder, Castaing who by profession was collector of the taille in his hometown, is the author of several plays printed by himself in his print shop. This collection, whose plays have been described as \\\"as bad as misprinted\\\", has no other merit than its rarity. The author says ingenuously in his preface that by printing 30 copies of his theater, \\\"he had no other purpose than to distract himself, without the annoyance to bother\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19671448\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Petre M. Andreevski\",\n \"text\": \"have been published. In 1984 his selected works were published in four volumes. He has been included in all anthologies of Macedonian poetry both at home and abroad. His works, in separate books, have been presented in many languages outside Macedonia. He died in Skopje in September 2006 and he was buried in his birthplace Sloeštica. Awards include “11 October”, “Miladinov Brothers” (twice), “Kočo Racin” and “Stale Popov” (twice). Petre M. Andreevski Petre Mito Andreevski () (June 25, 1934 – September 25, 2006) was a famous Macedonian poet, novelist, short story writer and playwright. He was born in 1934 in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14941868\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Harvey (poet)\",\n \"text\": \"Francis Harvey (poet) Francis Harvey (13 April 1925 – 7 November 2014) was an Irish poet and playwright. He was born in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. Harvey had lived in County Donegal for most of his life. His collections of poetry include \\\"In the Light on the Stones\\\" (1978), \\\"The Rainmakers\\\" (1988), \\\"The Boa Island Janus\\\" (1996), \\\"Making Space, New & Selected Poems\\\" (2000), and \\\"Collected Poems\\\" (2007), which had an introduction by Moya Cannon. He had also written successful plays. Harvey's poem \\\"Heron\\\" won the 1989 \\\"Guardian\\\" and World Wildlife Fund Poetry Competition. In 1990 he won a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11218224\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Poor Murderer\",\n \"text\": \"Poor Murderer Poor Murderer is a play written by Pavel Kohout that premiered at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre on Broadway on 20 October 1976 and closed on 2 January 1977 after 87 performances. The time is 1900, and it takes place in the great hall of the St. Elizabeth Institute for Nervous Disorders, St. Petersburg, Russia. The show follows a famous actor under treatment in a mental institution who wonders: did he really kill the actor playing Polonius as he was playing Hamlet, or was it only an illusion? \\\"Poor Murderer\\\" was based on the Leonid Andreyev short story \\\"Mysl\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15608559\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Harvey (poet)\",\n \"text\": \"Peterloo Poets Prize and was a prizewinner in the Cardiff International Poetry Competition. He received an Arts Council Bursary in 1991. He had also won The Irish Times/Yeats Summer School Prize. On 7 November 2014, he died at the age of 89. Francis Harvey (poet) Francis Harvey (13 April 1925 – 7 November 2014) was an Irish poet and playwright. He was born in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. Harvey had lived in County Donegal for most of his life. His collections of poetry include \\\"In the Light on the Stones\\\" (1978), \\\"The Rainmakers\\\" (1988), \\\"The Boa Island Janus\\\" (1996),\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11218225\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Devils Thumb\",\n \"text\": \"Devils Thumb Devils Thumb, or Taalkhunaxhkʼu Shaa in Tlingit, is a mountain in the Stikine Icecap region of the Alaska–British Columbia border, near Petersburg. It is named for its projected thumb-like appearance. Its name in the Tlingit language means \\\"the mountain that never flooded\\\" and is said to have been a refuge for people during Aangalakhu (\\\"the Great Flood\\\"). It is one of the peaks that marks the border, and is also listed on maps as Boundary Peak 71. Devils Thumb is a very challenging climb even for advanced mountain climbers. Devils Thumb is part of a group of striking,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8567818\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"An Apology for Poetry\",\n \"text\": \"An Apology for Poetry An Apology for Poetry (or, The Defence of Poesy) is a work of literary criticism by Elizabethan poet Philip Sidney. It was written in approximately 1580 and first published in 1595, after his death. It is generally believed that he was at least partly motivated by Stephen Gosson, a former playwright who dedicated his attack on the English stage, \\\"The School of Abuse\\\", to Sidney in 1579, but Sidney primarily addresses more general objections to poetry, such as those of Plato. In his essay, Sidney integrates a number of classical and Italian precepts on fiction. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11262893\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Coulter (playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"University. John Coulter (playwright) John Coulter (12 February 1888, Belfast – 1 December 1980, Toronto) was an Irish Canadian playwright and broadcaster. He graduated from University of Manchester. He taught school in Belfast and Dublin until 1919. He moved to London in 1920, where he wrote for BBC radio. In 1924 he became editor of \\\"The Ulster Review\\\", and in 1927, managing editor of \\\"The New Adelphi\\\". He moved to Toronto in 1936, where he wrote for CBC radio, and he married Olive Clare Primrose, a poet and short story writer. They had two daughters. His papers are held at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14224067\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Coulter (playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"John Coulter (playwright) John Coulter (12 February 1888, Belfast – 1 December 1980, Toronto) was an Irish Canadian playwright and broadcaster. He graduated from University of Manchester. He taught school in Belfast and Dublin until 1919. He moved to London in 1920, where he wrote for BBC radio. In 1924 he became editor of \\\"The Ulster Review\\\", and in 1927, managing editor of \\\"The New Adelphi\\\". He moved to Toronto in 1936, where he wrote for CBC radio, and he married Olive Clare Primrose, a poet and short story writer. They had two daughters. His papers are held at McMaster\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14224066\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thumb Fun\",\n \"text\": \"Thumb Fun Thumb Fun is a 1952 \\\"Looney Tunes\\\" (reissued as a Blue Ribbon \\\"Merrie Melodies\\\") short starring Daffy Duck and Porky Pig, directed by Robert McKimson. Mel Blanc provided the voices for both of the characters. Daffy scoffs at a flock of ducks flying south as he decides to hitchhike his way south. Not having any luck so far, Daffy paints what appears to be an excavation hole in the road. Porky arrives in his red sports car and stops in front of the \\\"hole\\\". Daffy is delighted that Porky is driving to Miami. He gathers his luggage and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14686312\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ron Allen (playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"Ron Allen (playwright) Ronald \\\"Ron\\\" Allen (September 13, 1947 – August 10, 2010) was an African-American poet and playwright who described his work as a \\\"concert of language.\\\" The Detroit native employed intuitive configurations of language (i.e., image, trope, and metaphor) to invent new meaning and structures for the exploration and expression of language arts, including poetry and theater. Like fellow Detroit playwright Ron Milner, Allen's ear for the use of Afro-American language, particularly in Detroit, was keen. Known for his experiments with poetic verse, character, theme and structure, Allen created centers of language experiences and rhythm through his writing.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6220981\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blue Thumb Records\",\n \"text\": \"1970. Gulf and Western's Famous Music Group took over distribution in mid-1971, then bought the label outright in 1972. Late in 1974, the Famous Music record labels were sold to ABC Records. ABC kept Blue Thumb active for a time, mostly for albums by the Pointer Sisters and the Crusaders as well as some reissues. In 1979 ABC sold its labels to MCA Records, which discontinued the Blue Thumb imprint altogether. In the United Kingdom and Europe, Blue Thumb releases were licensed to Harvest Records (also owned by EMI) from 1969 to 1971, and to Island Records thereafter. The label\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3641914\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Love (poet)\",\n \"text\": \"differ as to the name of the designer. A third gives it to [David] Garrick and it is evident that there was a good deal of confusion as to the various participants.\\\" James Love (poet) James Love (1721–1774) was the pseudonym of British poet, playwright and actor James Dance. He is best known for his poem \\\"Cricket: An Heroic Poem\\\" (1744). Son of George Dance the Elder, who worked as an architect and city surveyor, Love was himself a cricketer, being a member of Richmond Cricket Club. Richmond was a leading club in the 1740s and Love may have represented\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12597677\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ryan Craig (playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"Ryan Craig (playwright) Ryan Craig (January 9, 1972 - ) is a British playwright, screen, television and radio writer whose plays usually involve both ethical and social matters. He is best-known for his plays \\\"What We Did To Weinstein\\\" (Menier Chocolate Factory, London, 2005) which earned Craig a Most Promising Playwright Nomination at the Evening Standard Awards; \\\"The Glass Room\\\" (Hampstead Theatre, 2006), which deals with Holocaust denial; the English version of Tadeusz Slobodzianek's \\\"Our Class\\\" (2009) and \\\"The Holy\\\" \\\"Rosenbergs\\\" (2011), both at the National Theatre. His most recent play is the semi-autobiographical \\\"Filthy Business\\\" (Hampstead Theatre, London, 2017).\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15674494\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Famous for being famous\",\n \"text\": \"Famous for being famous Famous for being famous is a pejorative term for someone who attains celebrity status for no particularly identifiable reason (as opposed to fame based on achievements, skill, or talent) and appears to generate their own fame, or someone who achieves fame through a family or relationship association with an existing celebrity. The term originates from an analysis of the media-dominated world called \\\"The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-events in America\\\" (1961), by historian and social theorist Daniel J. Boorstin. In it, he defined the celebrity as \\\"a person who is known for his well-knownness\\\". He further\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9677767\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thumb\",\n \"text\": \"and hand research pioneers John and Prudence Napier defined opposition as: \\\"A movement by which the pulp surface of the thumb is placed squarely in contact with - or diametrically opposite to - the terminal pads of one or all of the remaining digits.\\\" For this \\\"true\\\", pulp-to-pulp opposition to be possible, the thumb must rotate about its long axis (at the carpometacarpal joint). Arguably, this definition was chosen to underline what is unique to the human thumb. Anatomists and other researchers focused exclusively on human anatomy, on the other hand, tend to elaborate this definition in various ways and,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1597507\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sonnets on Eminent Characters\",\n \"text\": \"model of Milton's sonnet on Henry Lawes (\\\"Sonnet 13\\\") in a similar manner of \\\"To Bowles\\\" and \\\"To Mrs Siddons\\\". Like what happened with Godwin, Coleridge grew distant from Southey, which coincided with Coleridge's emphasis on Christianity as an essential component to his political beliefs. However, even within the poem, there is no direct reference to Southey's liberal political beliefs. Instead, the poem only discusses Southey as a poet. \\\"To Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Esq.\\\" was first published in the 29 January 1795 \\\"Morning Chronicle\\\". Richard Brinsley Sheridan was a famous comic playwright, but Coleridge emphasized the sentimental aspects of Sheridan's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13537116\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Branded (Dad's Army)\",\n \"text\": \"Branded (Dad's Army) Branded is the eleventh episode of the third series of the British comedy series \\\"Dad's Army\\\". It was originally transmitted on Thursday 20 November 1969. On a night of programmes devoted to Dad's Army, Jimmy Perry named it his favourite episode. \\\"When we told Arnold Ridley that we'd written a part especially for him, he was absolutely delighted. When he read the script he said, \\\"Jimmy, its good to mention \\\"conchies\\\" as they were called, because they went through hell a lot of them, and a lot of them had high principles. I'm very honoured to play\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6932024\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thumb tip\",\n \"text\": \"use a thumb tip with a piece of pencil lead at the end which can be used to secretly write on a piece of paper, similar to a swami gimmick. A thumb tip embedded with magnets can be utilized in performance to effect a magnetic compass to move. Thumb tip A thumb tip is a magician's prop designed to fit over and appear to be the magician's thumb used for vanishing, producing, or switching small objects. A classic effect is to have a silk handkerchief or other small object pressed into the top of the left fist. After pushing it\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6050076\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narendra Mohan (poet)\",\n \"text\": \"f. Telugu by Dr. Basanta (under Publication). g. English by Dr. O.P. Arora (2011). Narendra Mohan (poet) Narendra Mohan (born 30 July 1935, Lahore) is an eminent Hindi poet, playwright and critic, who also writes in Punjabi. Narendra Mohan (Eminent Poet, Playwright and critic) Born on 30 July 1935 in Lahore.After the partition, he accompanied by his parents shifted to Ambala and received his education from Matriculation to M.A at Ambala. After six years of teaching at various colleges in Panjab and Agricultural University, Hissar( Haryana), shifted to Delhi University, Khalsa College and later on joined as Reader in Hindi\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12712850\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Branded Man\",\n \"text\": \"it were common knowledge.\\\" Haggard would be legally pardoned for his past crimes by California's Governor Ronald Reagan in 1971. The single \\\"Branded Man\\\" hit number one on the US country music charts in 1967, the first of four straight number ones Haggard would score in the next two years. The song is a little reminiscent of an old Roy Acuff song called \\\"Branded Wherever I Go,\\\" which producer Ken Nelson had recorded with the Louvin Brothers in 1962. \\\"Branded Man\\\" kicked off an incredible artistic run for Haggard; in 2013 Haggard biographer David Cantwell states, \\\"The immediate successors to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7180442\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"William Stevenson (poet)\",\n \"text\": \"William Stevenson (poet) William Stevenson (1530–1575) was an English clergyman and presumed playwright of the early English language comedy \\\"Gammer Gurton's Needle\\\". Born in Durham, England, he studied at Christ's College, Cambridge, where he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1553, his Master of Arts degree in 1560 and his Bachelor of Divinity degree, also in 1560. Account books at Christ's College list him in 1550-1553 and again in 1559-1560 as involved in putting on plays, though they do not mention \\\"Gammer Gurton's Needle\\\" explicitly. He became a prebend at Durham Cathedral in 1561. Famous quotation: \\\"I am so\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10666013\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thumb Drift\",\n \"text\": \"Thumb Drift Thumb Drift is a 2016 racing video game where the player has to control a car to avoid hitting obstacles or the edge of the track using their thumb. Created by Australian developer SMG Studios, it was first released for iOS with an Android release following soon after. The gameplay consists of the player drifting a car along different tracks. This is done by the player dragging their finger left or right causing the back of the car to move in that direction. There are coins on the track which the player can collect. These coins can be\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20027786\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"M. A. Griffiths\",\n \"text\": \"Minnesota, Missouri, Maryland, California and Texas. A collection of her poems, \\\"Grasshopper: The Poetry of M. A. Griffiths\\\" was published in the U.K. by Arrowhead Press in January 2011 with an introduction by the British poet Alan Wickes. Within a month, orders for the book had come in from Australia, Canada, the US, the Philippines, and Israel. Another edition for the U.S. and Canada was published by Able Muse Press in April 2011. M. A. Griffiths M. A. Griffiths (1947–2009) was a British poet who developed an international following on the Internet. Margaret Ann Griffiths, who was of English and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15194081\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thumb tip\",\n \"text\": \"Thumb tip A thumb tip is a magician's prop designed to fit over and appear to be the magician's thumb used for vanishing, producing, or switching small objects. A classic effect is to have a silk handkerchief or other small object pressed into the top of the left fist. After pushing it well in with the right thumb, the left fist is opened to show the silk has disappeared. Alternatively, a lit cigarette, liquid, salt or other small objects can be made to disappear in a similar manner. A similar effect would be to cause a handkerchief or other small\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6050069\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ian McMillan (poet)\",\n \"text\": \"Ian McMillan (poet) Ian McMillan (born 21 January 1956) is an English poet, journalist, playwright, and broadcaster. He is known for his strong and distinctive Barnsley-area accent and his incisive, friendly interview style on programmes such as BBC Radio 3's \\\"The Verb\\\". He lives in Darfield, the village of his birth. McMillan was born in Darfield, South Yorkshire. He attended Low Valley Junior School and Wath Grammar School and graduated in Modern Studies from North Staffordshire Polytechnic in 1978. He started performing on the live poetry circuit in the 1970s. He has had several volumes of his own poetry published,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5273041\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ernest Austin (murderer)\",\n \"text\": \"the first state in Australia and the first government in the British Empire to abolish the death penalty. Ernest Austin (murderer) Ernest Austin (1890 – 22 September 1913) was an Australian criminal, notable for being the last person executed in Queensland. On 8 June 1913, 11-year-old Ivy Mitchell was found raped and murdered at Cedar Creek Road, near Samford, Queensland. Ivy was the daughter of a farmer, who had been playing at the home of her friend, 7-year-old Mary Frisch, and at dusk Ivy left to go home. The Mitchell family lived two miles away from the Frisch family, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13484838\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thumb tip\",\n \"text\": \"object to appear in the left fist after previously showing it empty. The right hand approaches the left and after a brief pause pulls out the silk handkerchief bit by bit from the fist. These appearances and disappearances are achieved by a small flesh-colored imitation thumb tip, usually made of plastic, rubber or painted metal, which fits loosely over the thumb. Space exists between the thumb and the tip into which a small object can be concealed. For the vanish, the tip is already in the left fist. The handkerchief or cigarette is pressed into the tip with the fingers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6050070\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So I Married an Axe Murderer\",\n \"text\": \"film was first released in June 1999. The artwork for the DVD was different than the original film poster, which had Harriet holding an axe behind her back. A \\\"Deluxe Edition\\\" DVD and Blu-ray edition were released in June 2008. So I Married an Axe Murderer So I Married an Axe Murderer is a 1993 American romantic black comedy film, directed by Thomas Schlamme and starring Mike Myers and Nancy Travis. Myers plays Charlie MacKenzie, a man afraid of commitment, until he meets Harriet (Travis), who works at a butcher shop and may be a serial killer. Myers also plays\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1689840\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rich and Famous (play)\",\n \"text\": \"Stephen DeRosa and Gregory Wallace. The reviewer for \\\"sfgate.com\\\" wrote: \\\"Written as a vaudeville - complete with snappy, tuneful songs by Guare and musical director Laura Burton providing accompaniment on an old upright piano - 'Rich' follows the downward spiral of playwright Bing Ringling (Brooks Ashmanskas) on the opening night of the off-off-Broadway premiere (\\\"in a toilet on Death Street\\\") of his first produced play...The problem with these characters isn't in the over-the-top performances but in the dated quality of much of the humor, and their cumulative effect doesn't take us on much of a journey.\\\" Rich and Famous (play)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18918471\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Cunningham (poet and dramatist)\",\n \"text\": \"1766 Extract from an Elegy on a pile of Ruins Search where Ambition raged with rigour steeled Where Slaughter like the rapid lightning ran And say, while memory weeps the blood-stained field Where lies the chief? And where the common man? Newcastle Beer – A lyrical poem with classical illusions, aimed at the moneyed class Holiday Gown John Cunningham (poet and dramatist) John Cunningham (1729–1773) was a Dublin born playwright, poet and actor, who spent much of his life in, and according to Allan, \\\"whose name and fame will for ever be identified with Newcastle.\\\" John Cunningham was born in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9088125\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Edward Howard (playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"literary fop...\\\" In a quarrel over the \\\"Change of Crowns\\\" matter, actor and fellow playwright John Lacy reportedly called Howard \\\"more a fool than a poet.\\\" Howard slapped Lacy's face with his glove, and Lacy cracked Howard over the head with his cane. Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset wrote his \\\"Satire on a Conceited Playwright\\\" about Edward Howard; Dorset called Howard's poetry \\\"solid nonsense that abides all tests.\\\" Thomas Shadwell caricatured Howard as the \\\"poet Ninny\\\" in his first play, \\\"The Sullen Lovers\\\" (1668). Alexander Pope included a mention of him in \\\"The Dunciad\\\", Book 1, line 297. His\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12495566\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"M. NourbeSe Philip\",\n \"text\": \"M. NourbeSe Philip Marlene Nourbese Philip (born 3 February 1947), usually credited as M. NourbeSe Philip, is a Canadian poet, novelist, playwright, essayist and short story writer. Born in the Caribbean in Woodlands, Moriah, Trinidad and Tobago, Philip was educated at the University of the West Indies. She subsequently pursued graduate degrees in political science and law at the University of Western Ontario, and practised law in Toronto, Ontario, for seven years. She left her law practice in 1983 to devote time to her writing. Philip is known for experimentation with literary form and for her commitment to social justice.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7508961\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"An Airman's Letter to His Mother\",\n \"text\": \"of \\\"official\\\" war films of the period. These films should explain: \\\"What Britain is fighting for, including contrasting British values with Nazi Germany's values; how Britain fights and the need for sacrifice if the fight is to be won.\\\" British propaganda films in Second World War also were in sharp contrast with the more racially tinged and strident examples from warring nations, especially Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. Most often, British films were topical, informative and \\\"entertaining or amusing.\\\" In the case of \\\"An Airman's Letter to His Mother\\\", the subject was the reading of a real letter left\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8041333\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What They Had\",\n \"text\": \"December 2017, it was reported that Danny Mulhern would compose the film's score. In May 2017, Bleecker Street acquired domestic distribution rights to the film. It had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 21, 2018. \\\"What They Had\\\" was initially scheduled for release on March 16, 2018, but was pushed back to October 19, 2018. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 88% based on 81 reviews, with a weighted average of 7.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \\\"\\\"What They Had\\\" finds laughter and tears in its portrait of a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20057248\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Green Thumb Theatre\",\n \"text\": \"Green Thumb Theatre Green Thumb Theatre (also known as the Green Thumb Theatre for Young People and simply as Green Thumb) is a Canadian children's theatre company based in Vancouver, British Columbia that was founded by Dennis Foon and Jane Howard Baker in 1975. The couple then went on to conceive and write New Canadian Kid, the company's signature play about a young boy who struggles with culture shock and bullying after immigrating to Canada. The play has been produced world wide for close to 40 years. Green Thumb operates in a former school house located in East Vancouver. In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18878829\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thumb signal\",\n \"text\": \"for the thumbs up and thumbs down gestures, respectively. A reversed (left-facing) thumbs up gesture is encoded at U+1F592. Other symbols are -b (right hand) and d- (left hand). Various instant messaging services use codice_1 and codice_2 as a shortcut for thumbs up and thumbs down emoji. Thumb signal A thumb signal, usually described as a thumbs-up or thumbs-down, is a common hand gesture achieved by a closed fist held with the thumb extended upward or downward in approval or disapproval, respectively. These gestures have become metaphors in , regardless of whether the gesture was actually made. The source of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7278789\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rich and Famous (play)\",\n \"text\": \"Rich and Famous (play) Rich and Famous is a two-act play by John Guare. It premiered in 1974 at the Academy Festival Theatre in Lake Forest, Illinois, and made its Off-Broadway debut in 1976. Bing Ringling is an old \\\"promising\\\" playwright, finally about to have a play produced -- play number 844. \\\"Rich and Famous\\\" was first produced by William Gardner at the Academy Festival Theatre, in Lake Forest, Illinois, in August 1974. It was directed by Mel Shapiro and starred Charles Kimbrough, Linda Lavin, and Ron Leibman. Guare wrote the music for the play, which was performed by a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18918469\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"M. Carl Holman\",\n \"text\": \"M. Carl Holman M. Carl Holman (born June 27, 1919, Minter City, Mississippi, United States — died August 9, 1988, Washington, D.C.) was an African-American author, poet and playwright. One of his noted works is \\\"The Baptizin\\\"‘ (1971). Holman grew up in St. Louis, Missouri. He graduated magna cum laude from Lincoln University in 1942 and earned a master's degree from the University of Chicago. He then earned another master's degree from Yale University, where he attended on a creative writing scholarship. He taught as an English professor at Clark College for 14 years and also at Hampton University and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5659550\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dan O'Brien (playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"Dan O'Brien (playwright) Dan O’Brien (born 1974) is an American playwright, poet, and librettist. His most prominent works have been the play \\\"The Body of an American\\\" and the poetry collection \\\"War Reporter\\\". He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for 2015-16. His most recent play, \\\"The House in Scarsdale: A Memoir for the Stage,\\\" is the winner of the 2018 PEN America Award for Drama. O'Brien's plays include \\\"The Three Christs of Ypsilanti\\\", \\\"The Cherry Sisters Revisited\\\", \\\"The Voyage of the Carcass\\\", \\\"The Dear Boy\\\", \\\"The House in Hydesville\\\", \\\"Moving Picture\\\", \\\"Key West\\\", \\\"Am Lit\\\", \\\"Lamarck\\\", \\\"The Last Supper Restoration\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13432997\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Famous Music\",\n \"text\": \"Santander, Irv Gotti, Placebo, Modest Mouse, Jet and P.O.D.<ref name=\\\"Sony/ATV Music Publishing Completes Acquisition of Famous Music LLC from Viacom\\\"></ref> In May 2007, Viacom sold Famous Music to Sony/ATV Music Publishing co-owned by Sony and Michael Jackson for a reported $370m. Famous Music was then renamed Sony/ATV Harmony and Sony/ATV Melody. In December 2012, Sony/ATV sold the Famous Music UK song catalogue (which included Placebo and The Kooks) to BMG Rights Management. For a number of years, Famous Music also had a record label group division which included Blue Thumb Records, Dot Records and Paramount Records. In 1974 these were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7674526\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Thomson (poet, born 1700)\",\n \"text\": \"Haydn's oratorio \\\"The Seasons\\\". Thomson is one of the sixteen Scottish poets and writers appearing on the Scott Monument on Princes Street in Edinburgh. He appears on the right side of the east face. Thomson has a large memorial in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey next to William Shakespeare and underneath his countryman, Robert Burns. James Thomson (poet, born 1700) James Thomson (c. 11 September 1700 – 27 August 1748) was a British poet and playwright, known for his poems \\\"The Seasons\\\" and \\\"The Castle of Indolence\\\", and for the lyrics of \\\"Rule, Britannia!\\\". James Thomson was born in Ednam\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1952879\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Desk murderer\",\n \"text\": \"such as dispute that Eichmann was a desk murderer, as he took too active an interest in the process of the Holocaust. Maurice Papon, responsible for the deportation of Jews from France during the German occupation, was, like Eichmann, seen as a stereotypical desk murderer and, like Eichmann, long escaped justice. Heinrich Müller, chief of the Gestapo and Eichmann's superior, described by British historian Robert S. Wistrich as somebody who made mass murder into an administrative task, was another high-ranking desk murderer during World War II. Hannah Arendt, who reported on Eichmann's trial for \\\"The New Yorker\\\", published \\\"Eichmann in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20932379\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"M. NourbeSe Philip\",\n \"text\": \"Poetry is about truth telling, but you need the lie - the artifice of the form to tell those truths.\\\" M. NourbeSe Philip Marlene Nourbese Philip (born 3 February 1947), usually credited as M. NourbeSe Philip, is a Canadian poet, novelist, playwright, essayist and short story writer. Born in the Caribbean in Woodlands, Moriah, Trinidad and Tobago, Philip was educated at the University of the West Indies. She subsequently pursued graduate degrees in political science and law at the University of Western Ontario, and practised law in Toronto, Ontario, for seven years. She left her law practice in 1983 to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7508969\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Patrick (playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Patrick (playwright) Robert Patrick (born September 27, 1937) is an American playwright, poet, lyricist, short story writer, and novelist. He was born Robert Patrick O'Connor in Kilgore, Texas. O'Connor was born to migrant workers in Texas. Because his parents constantly moved around the southwestern United States looking for work, he never went to one school for a full year until his senior year of high school, in Roswell, New Mexico. Books, film, and radio were the only constants in his early life. His mother made sure he learned to read, and arranged for him to start school a year\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5003729\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stewart Henderson (poet)\",\n \"text\": \"Stewart Henderson (poet) Stewart Henderson is a British poet and broadcaster. He writes for both adults and children. The \\\"Church Times\\\" has said of him: 'What Michael Morpurgo has done for children's fiction, Henderson has done for poetry'. Henderson's poetry, which is often humorous, sometimes adopts the perspective of a child struggling to understand more about their place in the universe. His work has been anthologized and adopted as curriculum in primary schools in the UK and Scotland. He was shortlisted for the Scottish Children's Book Awards for \\\"Who Left Grandad at the Chipshop?\\\" Since 2006, Henderson has been the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18428130\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arthur Berry (playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"strong links with Smallthorne and this small display focuses on his paintings, writing and unique sense of humour. It includes a video with footage of the artist speaking about his work\\\". Arthur Berry (playwright) Arthur Berry (7 February 1925 – 4 July 1994) was an English playwright, poet, teacher and artist, who was born in Smallthorne, Stoke-on-Trent. His individual creative work became deeply rooted in the culture, people and landscape of the industrial pottery town of Burslem. Berry was the son of a publican and grew up in the potteries city of Stoke-on-Trent during the Depression. He was born with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4419743\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thumb tip\",\n \"text\": \"is achieved in a similar manner, but this time, the tip begins on the right thumb with the object already inside. To avoid detection, the tip may be kept down behind the right hand, or it may be pointed directly at the audience while the hand is in motion; done properly, it appears as though the right hand is empty. The left hand is openly shown to be empty, and is made into a fist. The right thumb is inserted into the left fist, while simultaneously the thumb and right fingers pull the concealed object out of the tip, which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6050072\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joseph Reed (playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"Joseph Reed (playwright) Joseph Reed (March 1723 – 15 August 1787) was an English playwright and poet known for his 1761 farce \\\"The Register Office\\\" and the 1769 comic opera adaptation of Henry Fielding's \\\"Tom Jones\\\". Reed was born at Stockton, Durham, in March 1723, the second son of John Reed, a presbyterian ropemaker. After a very scanty education he succeeded to his father's business, which he practised with success through life. His leisure he devoted to a study of English literature, and he developed literary aspirations; but he always regarded himself as an amateur, and, when he began to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18145493\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joseph Reed (playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"Joseph Reed (playwright) Joseph Reed (March 1723 – 15 August 1787) was an English playwright and poet known for his 1761 farce \\\"The Register Office\\\" and the 1769 comic opera adaptation of Henry Fielding's \\\"Tom Jones\\\". Reed was born at Stockton, Durham, in March 1723, the second son of John Reed, a presbyterian ropemaker. After a very scanty education he succeeded to his father's business, which he practised with success through life. His leisure he devoted to a study of English literature, and he developed literary aspirations; but he always regarded himself as an amateur, and, when he began to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18145485\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Garland Anderson (playwright)\",\n \"text\": \"Garland Anderson (playwright) Garland Anderson (February 18, 1886 – June 1, 1939) was an African-American playwright and speaker. After having a full-length drama on Broadway, Anderson gave talks on empowerment and success largely related to the New Thought movement. Born in Wichita, Kansas, his family moved to Sacramento, California. Anderson left home at an early age, working as a newsboy, railroad porter and hotel bellhop. In his late 30s he read a book about New Thought, saw a play by Channing Pollack and thought that his life experience and new attitude had the makings of a play. Anderson wrote the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20032171\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thumb\",\n \"text\": \"thumb\\\", with homozygous carriers having an angle close to 90°. However this theory has been disputed, since the variation in thumb angle is known to fall on a continuum and shows little evidence of the bi-modality seen in other recessive genetic traits. Other formations of the thumb include a triphalangeal thumb and polydactyly. One of the earlier significant contributors to the study of hand grips was orthopedic primatologist and paleoanthropologist John Napier, who proposed organizing the movements of the hand by their anatomical basis as opposed to work done earlier that had only used arbitrary classification. Most of this early\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1597518\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anthony Anderson (murderer)\",\n \"text\": \"at least 2008 before release could be even considered. Anderson had tried to challenge the Home Secretary's tariff-setting powers earlier, but his first case in February 2001 failed. Anthony Anderson (murderer) Anthony Anderson is a convicted British murderer. He is most notable for successfully challenging the Home Secretary's powers to set minimum terms for life sentence prisoners. On 25 November 2002, the Law Lords ruled in favour of Anderson's claim that it was incompatible with human rights for politicians to set minimum terms for life sentence prisoners, and the next day the European Court of Human Rights agreed with this\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10444656\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["ben jonson, for killing an actor in a duel in 1598. jonson escaped the gallows by pleading benefit of clergy and forfeiting all his goods and chattels"],"string":"[\n \"ben jonson, for killing an actor in a duel in 1598. jonson escaped the gallows by pleading benefit of clergy and forfeiting all his goods and chattels\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":294,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what famous character in literature was inspired by an augustinian monk named alonso quizado."},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Alonso Quijano","text":"Alonso Quijano Alonso Quijano (spelled \"Quixano\" in English and Early Modern Spanish) is the personal name of the famous fictional hidalgo or knight better known as Don Quijote, the leading character of the novel \"Don Quijote de la Mancha\", written by Miguel de Cervantes. Other names or nicknames of Alonso Quijano that go appearing in the story are: the Knight of the Sad Face, that puts him alongside his own squire Sancho Panza, or the Knight of the Lions, adopted by Don Quijote after an encounter with lions (in the second part, at chapter 17). In chapter 39 of the","psg_id":"14602348"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Alonso Quijano\",\n \"text\": \"Alonso Quijano Alonso Quijano (spelled \\\"Quixano\\\" in English and Early Modern Spanish) is the personal name of the famous fictional hidalgo or knight better known as Don Quijote, the leading character of the novel \\\"Don Quijote de la Mancha\\\", written by Miguel de Cervantes. Other names or nicknames of Alonso Quijano that go appearing in the story are: the Knight of the Sad Face, that puts him alongside his own squire Sancho Panza, or the Knight of the Lions, adopted by Don Quijote after an encounter with lions (in the second part, at chapter 17). In chapter 39 of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14602348\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Monk (character class)","text":"convenient to start in this class and pick up a weapon skill later rather than disarming oneself with an armed fighter in order to build the skill from scratch. Monk (character class) The monk is a character class in a number of role-playing tabletop and video games. In those games which follow the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" traditions, monks are characters with excellent martial arts skills and who specialize in unarmed, unarmored combat. Many role-playing video games include warrior classes similar to the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" monk. The monk class has also found its way into \"NetHack\" and \"Linley's Dungeon Crawl\",","psg_id":"4425346"},{"title":"What Made America Famous?","text":"What Made America Famous? \"What Made America Famous?\" is a song written and performed by Harry Chapin. The song was included on his 1974 album, Verities & Balderdash. It has also been included on numerous posthumous compilation albums. The song inspired Chapin to write the award nominated Broadway musical, The Night That Made America Famous. The song shows a man, his girlfriend, and kids living in a rundown home. Eventually, a house fire starts, and they need rescue. It is continually asked in the song if anybody cares. It ends with the firefighters waiting to respond to \"let them sweat","psg_id":"20656147"},{"title":"Augustinian Studies","text":"who replaced Allan D. Fitzgerald in 2012. \"Augustinian Studies\" is published by the Philosophy Documentation Center, in cooperation with the Augustinian Institute at Villanova University. All issues are available online. \"Augustinian Studies\" is abstracted and indexed in Academic Search Premier, \"L'Année philologique\", Catholic Periodical and Literature Index, Expanded Academic ASAP, Index Philosophicus, InfoTrac OneFile, International Bibliography of Periodical Literature, International Bibliography of Book Reviews of Scholarly Literature, International Philosophical Bibliography, The Philosopher's Index, Philosophy Research Index, PhilPapers, and Religious and Theological Abstracts. Augustinian Studies Augustinian Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal devoted to the study of Augustine of Hippo. Its","psg_id":"13167299"},{"title":"What Made America Famous?","text":"a little\", and the plumber ends up saving everyone in the home. They spend the night in the plumber's home and realize that heroes are people who you'd never suspect, or ever know. The song was inspired when Chapin himself lived in Point Lookout in Long Island during the 1960s. There was a suspicious fire in a low-income residence. Although it is unknown how the actual firefighters responded, he imagined that they responded like in the song. What Made America Famous? \"What Made America Famous?\" is a song written and performed by Harry Chapin. The song was included on his","psg_id":"20656148"},{"title":"Dámaso Alonso","text":"Dámaso Alonso Dámaso Alonso y Fernández de las Redondas (22 October 1898 – 25 January 1990) was a Spanish poet, philologist and literary critic. Though a member of the Generation of '27, his best-known work dates from the 1940s onwards. Born in Madrid in October 22, 1898, Alonso studied Law, Philosophy and Literature before undertaking research at Madrid's Centro de Estudios Históricos. An enthusiastic participant in the cultural and literary life at the famous Residencia de estudiantes (which at this time counted among its residents Federico García Lorca, Luis Buñuel and Salvador Dalí, amongst others), Alonso also wrote for the","psg_id":"4035956"},{"title":"Monk (character class)","text":"Monk (character class) The monk is a character class in a number of role-playing tabletop and video games. In those games which follow the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" traditions, monks are characters with excellent martial arts skills and who specialize in unarmed, unarmored combat. Many role-playing video games include warrior classes similar to the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" monk. The monk class has also found its way into \"NetHack\" and \"Linley's Dungeon Crawl\", which borrow elements of the class from \"Dungeons & Dragons\". Conversely, in \"Guild Wars\" released in 2005, the monk is similar to the cleric class of other popular games,","psg_id":"4425334"},{"title":"Monk (Dungeons & Dragons)","text":"Monk (Dungeons & Dragons) The monk (also mystic) is a playable character class in most editions of the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game. A D&D monk is a fantasy martial artist, specializing in unarmed combat. The original monk character class was created by Brian Blume, inspired by the fictional martial arts of the \"Destroyer\" series of novels. The monk was introduced in 1975's \"Blackmoor\" supplement. The monk was a main character class in the first edition \"Players Handbook\". The monk was presented as one of the five core classes in the original \"Players Handbook\". In 1981, Philip Meyers argued","psg_id":"6829231"},{"title":"Monk (Dungeons & Dragons)","text":"battle with the unpredictability of the drunkard, and the Way of the Kensei, which grants monks mastery over ki-empowered weapon usage. Monk (Dungeons & Dragons) The monk (also mystic) is a playable character class in most editions of the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game. A D&D monk is a fantasy martial artist, specializing in unarmed combat. The original monk character class was created by Brian Blume, inspired by the fictional martial arts of the \"Destroyer\" series of novels. The monk was introduced in 1975's \"Blackmoor\" supplement. The monk was a main character class in the first edition \"Players Handbook\".","psg_id":"6829240"},{"title":"Monk (character class)","text":"Fantasy Tactics Advance\", Bangaas have the ability to become a Monk. \"Final Fantasy\" games that don't use the job-system usually have a representative for the Monk class. Examples of this representative character are Sabin Rene Figaro of FFVI and Tifa Lockhart of FFVII. In Gravity Corp's MMORPG \"Ragnarok Online\", Acolytes can choose their second job as a Monk. The monk is a physical/melee class that can, although rarely, provide secondary support in the absence of a priest (for the buffs blessing and agi up)\". It is most noted for an ability called \"Asura Strike\" (sometimes called Guillotine Fist, or Extremity","psg_id":"4425341"},{"title":"Monk (character class)","text":"overwhelmed when attacked by many enemies at once. Diablo 3 features a monk character class as a melee attacker, using martial arts to cripple foes, resist damage, deflect projectiles, attack with blinding speed, and land explosive killing blows. It combines the melee elements of Diablo II's assassin class with the \"holy warrior\" role of the paladin. Blizzard has stated that the monk is not related in any way to the monk class from the Sierra Entertainment-made Diablo: Hellfire expansion. The monk is fueled by spirit, which has defensive purposes and is slowly generated through attacking, though it does not degenerate","psg_id":"4425337"},{"title":"Monk (character class)","text":"can use unique healing techniques. The primary difference in \"Vanguard\" is that the monk's \"signature\" area of expertise is delivering area of effect (AOE) damage via melee, a role not present in most games except, sometimes in some limited way due to a particular special ability or talent. In Square Enix's \"Final Fantasy\" series of role-playing video games, the Monk () is a character class (or \"job\"). It is frequently also referred as the Black Belt. In \"Final Fantasy\" and \"Final Fantasy III\" an upgraded, more powerful form of the class appears, named Karate Master or Karateka (からてか). In \"Final","psg_id":"4425340"},{"title":"Monk (character class)","text":"Five types—called \"builds\"—of the Monk character class are the Combo Monk, Spirit Monk, Dasher Monk, Asura Monk, and Diamond Monk. Each class requires certain stats combined with specific skills in order to reach their effectiveness. In the \"Fire Emblem\" games, the Monks are usually exclusively male Light Magic users able to defend themselves through Light-related spells while Priests are the male-counterpart to Clerics being only able to use staves. When they're promoted to Bishop class through the Guiding Ring or Earth Seal items, they add staves, or Light magic in the case of Priests, to their arsenal. Monks, and their","psg_id":"4425343"},{"title":"Monk (character class)","text":"using spiritual powers to heal and purge disease. The monk is a character class in the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" role-playing game which is typically portrayed as a master of martial arts. It is loosely based on the stereotype of Shaolin Buddhist warrior-monks. The \"Dungeons & Dragons\" monk specializes in unarmed combat, with no use of armor and only special \"monk weapons\", such as kama or nunchaku. The monk class, as with other classes of the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" game, utilizes a spiritual element, \"Ki\", that augments their fighting through the use of special abilities gained with experience. These powers and","psg_id":"4425335"},{"title":"Callan Augustinian Friary","text":"Callan Augustinian Friary The Callan Augustinian Friary is an Augustinian friary situated in Callan, Co Kilkenny, Ireland. It is known locally as the \"Abbey Meadow\" and is located to the north-east of the town, on the banks of the Kings River. The new Augustinian Friary located in the town via the river is connected to the Abbey. Edmund Butler of Pottlerath, a noted patron of literature, successfully petitioned Pope Pius II for the foundation of the friary in 1461. After Edmund died in 1462, the actual buildings were erected by his son, James, probably after 1467 when he received a","psg_id":"10227116"},{"title":"Alonso de Orozco Mena","text":"Alonso de Orozco Mena Saint Alonso de Orozco Mena (17 October 1500 – 19 September 1591) was a Spanish Roman Catholic priest from the Augustinian order. He was well known across Spain for his preaching abilities and for an austere and humble life. He was beatified in 1882 after the recognition of two healings attributed to him as miracles and was canonized in 2002 after a third received papal approval. His feast is on the date of his death - 19 September - on an annual basis. Alonso de Orozco was born in Toledo on 17 October 1500. He had","psg_id":"18916365"},{"title":"What Is Literature?","text":"What Is Literature? What Is Literature? (), also published as \"Literature and Existentialism\",) is an essay by French philosopher and novelist Jean-Paul Sartre, published by Gallimard in 1948. Initially published in freestanding essays across French literary journals \"Les Temps modernes\", \"Situations I\" and \"Situations II\", essays \"What is Writing?\" and \"Why Write?\" were translated into English and published by the Paris-based literary journal Transition 1948. The English translation by Bernard Frechtman was published in 1950. Sartre attempts to devise an understanding of the effect literature has on those who are subjected to it. In the foreword Sartre addresses his critics","psg_id":"5919702"},{"title":"Mr. Monk in Trouble","text":"Mr. Monk in Trouble Mr. Monk in Trouble is the ninth novel based on the television series \"Monk\". It was written by Lee Goldberg, and was published by Signet Books on December 1, 2009. Like the other \"Monk\" novels, the story is narrated by Natalie Teeger, the assistant of the title character, Adrian Monk. Adrian Monk and Natalie Teeger arrive in Trouble, California, a small town known for an unsolved train robbery that happened there in 1962. In the 1840s, Trouble was also home to one of Monk's distant relatives, an assayer who possessed skills invaluable to the small town,","psg_id":"16191964"},{"title":"Augustinian nuns","text":"and the Sisters of St Joan of Arc (in Quebec, United States, and Rome) are just some of the Augustinian family of orders who are not enclosed women. The Sisters of Life are a relatively new order (founded 1991 by Cardinal O'Connor) who follow the Augustinian rule. There are other Augustinian nuns in the Anglican Communion. Augustinian nuns Augustinian nuns are the most ancient and continuous segment of the Roman Catholic Augustinian religious order under the canons of contemporary historical method. The Augustinian nuns, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430), are several Roman Catholic enclosed monastic orders","psg_id":"8357106"},{"title":"Monk (character class)","text":"and a basic unit: In \"Guild Wars Prophecies\", monks are spellcasters, without engaging in physical combat. There are three general type of monks: Healing, Protecting, and Smiting. As with all other classes in \"Linley's Dungeon Crawl\", a character beginning as a monk is free to progress in any other skill throughout their career. A monk typically begins with several skill ranks in the unarmed combat, fighting, and dodging skills. In earlier versions, the unarmed combat skill even allowed armed fighters to sometimes make free attacks, such as kicks and headbutts, during normal combat. Back then it may have been more","psg_id":"4425345"},{"title":"Augustinian nuns","text":"is inclusive. Augustine spoke passionately of God's \"beauty so ancient and so new\", and his fascination with beauty extended to music. He taught that \"to sing once is to pray twice\" (\"Qui cantat, bis orat\"), and music is also a key part of the Augustinian ethos. Besides the significant musical contribution of Augustinian nun and composer Vittoria Aleotti, contemporary Augustinian musical foundations include the famous Augustinerkirche of the (male) friars in Vienna, where orchestral masses by Mozart and Schubert are performed every week, as well as the boys' choir at Sankt Florian in Austria, a school conducted by Canons Regular,","psg_id":"8357104"},{"title":"Adrian Monk","text":"garnered many accolades. Monk was included in Bravo's list of The 100 Greatest Television Characters of All Time, and Shalhoub has won various awards for his portrayal, including a Golden Globe Award, three Primetime Emmy Awards and two Screen Actors Guild Awards. Monk was originally envisioned as a \"more goofy and physical\" Inspector Clouseau type of character. However, co-creator David Hoberman came up with the idea of a detective with obsessive–compulsive personality disorder. This was inspired by his own bout with self-diagnosed obsessive–compulsive disorder; in a \"Pittsburgh Post-Gazette\" interview, he stated that, \"Like Monk, I couldn't walk on cracks and","psg_id":"2485918"},{"title":"Anti-Catholicism in literature and media","text":"cases. Anti-Catholic stereotypes are a long-standing feature of English literature, popular fiction, and even pornography. Gothic fiction is particularly rich in this regard. Lustful priests, cruel abbesses, immured nuns, and sadistic inquisitors appear in such works as \"The Italian\" by Ann Radcliffe, \"The Monk\" by Matthew Lewis, \"Melmoth the Wanderer\" by Charles Maturin and \"The Pit and the Pendulum\" by Edgar Allan Poe. Such gothic fiction may have inspired Rebecca Reed's \"Six Months in a Convent\" which describes her alleged captivity by an Ursuline order near Boston in 1832. Reed's claims inspired an angry mob to burn down the convent,","psg_id":"13706075"},{"title":"Monk (character class)","text":"abilities are not traditional magic spells as would be gained from other similar character classes such as clerics and rangers (which also rely heavily on the wisdom attribute). Attacks by an unarmed monk are soon treated the same as a strike from a weapon with magical enhancements. Monks gain increased speed, attacks per round, high saving throws against special attacks, and immunities unique to the class as experience grows. Monks become increasingly difficult to hit because of their dexterity and armor class bonuses. Monks can gain high spell resistances, making them dangerous to mages, but, in some circumstances, can be","psg_id":"4425336"},{"title":"What Is Literature?","text":"The art of writing is deeply linked to freedom and thus ventures into the fields of politics and democracy. The poet frees himself by disassociation, and the prose writer fulfills a duty to utilize language for the end of a conceived free society. What Is Literature? What Is Literature? (), also published as \"Literature and Existentialism\",) is an essay by French philosopher and novelist Jean-Paul Sartre, published by Gallimard in 1948. Initially published in freestanding essays across French literary journals \"Les Temps modernes\", \"Situations I\" and \"Situations II\", essays \"What is Writing?\" and \"Why Write?\" were translated into English and","psg_id":"5919707"},{"title":"Monk (TV series)","text":"do not contain a summation. The first episode not to feature a summation was the season one episode \"Mr. Monk and the Airplane.\" According to an interview with executive producer David Hoberman, ABC first conceived the series as a police show with an Inspector Clouseau-like character suffering from obsessive–compulsive disorder. Hoberman said ABC wanted Michael Richards for the show, but Richards turned it down. Hoberman brought in Andy Breckman as creator, and Breckman, inspired by Sherlock Holmes, introduced Dr. Kroger as a Doctor Watson-like character and an Inspector Lestrade-like character which eventually became Captain Stottlemeyer. Although ABC originated the show,","psg_id":"2485844"},{"title":"The Monk by the Sea","text":"of His creatures. In the abstract language of Rothko, such literal detail—a bridge of empathy between the real spectator and the presentation of a transcendental landscape—is no longer necessary; we ourselves are the monk before the sea, standing silently and contemplatively before these huge and soundless pictures as if we were looking at a sunset or a moonlit night.\" From the 1960s on, Gotthard Graubner's picture-size coloured cushions or \"color-space bodies\" were also inspired by Friedrich's \"The Monk by the Sea\". According to art historian Werner Hofmann, both Graubner and Friedrich created an aesthetics of monotony as a counterpart to","psg_id":"12701837"},{"title":"Augustinian theodicy","text":"Augustinian theodicy The Augustinian theodicy, named for the 4th- and 5th-century theologian, philosopher and (according to some Christian denominations) Saint Augustine of Hippo, is a type of Christian theodicy designed in response to the evidential problem of evil. As such, it attempts to explain the probability of an omnipotent (all-powerful) and omnibenevolent (all-good) God amid evidence of evil in the world. A number of variations of this kind of theodicy have been proposed throughout history; their similarities were first described by the 20th-century philosopher John Hick, who classified them as \"Augustinian\". They typically assert that God is perfectly (ideally) good;","psg_id":"15895555"},{"title":"Augustinian nuns in the Anglican Communion","text":"Augustinian nuns in the Anglican Communion Augustinian nuns are named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430) and exist in the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches. In the Roman Catholic Church there are both enclosed monastic orders of women living according to a guide to religious life known as the \"Rule of St Augustine\", and also other independent Augustinian congregations living in the spirit of this rule (see Augustinian nuns). In the Anglican Communion, there is no single \"Order of St Augustine\", but a number of Augustinian congregations of sisters living according to the \"Rule of St Augustine\". Although","psg_id":"16556734"},{"title":"Augustinian nuns","text":"Augustinian nuns Augustinian nuns are the most ancient and continuous segment of the Roman Catholic Augustinian religious order under the canons of contemporary historical method. The Augustinian nuns, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430), are several Roman Catholic enclosed monastic orders of women living according to a guide to religious life known as the Rule of St. Augustine. Prominent Augustinian nuns include Italian composer Vittoria Aleotti, Italian mystic St. Clare of Montefalco, German mystic Anne Catherine Emmerich and St. Rita of Cascia. Though Augustine of Hippo probably didn't compose a formal monastic rule (despite the extant Augustinian","psg_id":"8357094"},{"title":"Alonso de Ojeda","text":"Alonso de Ojeda Alonso de Ojeda (Torrejoncillo del Rey, Cuenca 1468 (some sources state 1466) – Santo Domingo 1515) was a Spanish navigator, governor and conquistador. He travelled through Guyana, Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago, Curaçao, Aruba and Colombia. He is famous for having named \"Venezuela\", which he explored during his first two expeditions, for having been the first European to visit Guyana, Colombia, and Lake Maracaibo, and later for founding Santa Cruz (La Guairita). He was born in Torrejoncillo del Rey (Cuenca) around 1468 (some authors claim 1466) to an impoverished noble family. He grew up in Ojeda, near Cristian Garrido","psg_id":"3337095"},{"title":"Monk (character class)","text":"the ground and cause enemies to forget about his presence, or in MMORPG terms, lose aggro. This technique is useful for pulling, or bringing monsters to a party of player characters to be killed. The monk class also has the capability to mend wounds, which can heal a quarter of his or her total hit points or an ally's. \"\" was created by the same executive producer as \"EverQuest\", and so \"Vanguard\" Monks share many of the qualities as the \"EverQuest\" Monk. In addition, \"Vanguard\" adds a healer class called the Disciple, which is similar to a Monk who also","psg_id":"4425339"},{"title":"Augustinian nuns in the Anglican Communion","text":"in many female monasteries. There has been a long tradition of independence within the Augustinian movement and this has led to differences in rule, dress, and mode of life between different Augustinian congregations. The following congregations, societies, or communities of sisters follow the Rule of St Augustine within the Anglican tradition: Augustinian nuns in the Anglican Communion Augustinian nuns are named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430) and exist in the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches. In the Roman Catholic Church there are both enclosed monastic orders of women living according to a guide to religious life known","psg_id":"16556736"},{"title":"Augustinian theodicy","text":"argument placed sin in the human will, which was corrupted by Adam's original sin. He argued that the logic behind Augustine's theodicy described sin as inevitable but unnecessary, which he believed captured the argument without relying on a literal interpretation of the fall, thus avoiding critique from scientific positions. Augustinian theodicy The Augustinian theodicy, named for the 4th- and 5th-century theologian, philosopher and (according to some Christian denominations) Saint Augustine of Hippo, is a type of Christian theodicy designed in response to the evidential problem of evil. As such, it attempts to explain the probability of an omnipotent (all-powerful) and","psg_id":"15895587"},{"title":"What Made Milwaukee Famous (band)","text":"What Made Milwaukee Famous (band) What Made Milwaukee Famous (WMMF) is an indie rock band from Austin, Texas. In 2005, WMMF performed for Austin City Limits with Franz Ferdinand, making them one of the only unsigned bands to play for the show in its 43-year history. In 2006, the band signed with Barsuk Records, which re-released their 2004 debut album, \"Trying to Never Catch Up\". Their second album, \"What Doesn't Kill Us\", was released on March 4, 2008. Since forming, the band has played at the South by Southwest music festival, the Austin City Limits Festival, and Lollapalooza. They have","psg_id":"9692481"},{"title":"Axel Alonso","text":"Alonso is also credited with bringing crime writers to work on Marvel titles, such as Duane Swierczynski and Victor Gischler. Alonso edited stories featuring the Western character Rawhide Kid, the first of which was the 2003 biweekly Marvel Max miniseries \"Rawhide: Slap Leather\" by Ron Zimmerman and John Severin, which drew controversy for its depiction of the titular character as a homosexual, albeit through the use of innuendo in the book's design and dialogue. The series was labeled with a \"Parental Advisory Explicit Content\" warning on the cover. Alonso stated of the miniseries, \"We thought it would be interesting to","psg_id":"8730924"},{"title":"Dora Alonso","text":"Dora Alonso Dora Alonso (born Doralina de la Caridad Alonso-Perez on December 22, 1910 in Maximo Gomez, Matanzas, Cuba – March 21, 2001 in Cuba) was a Cuban journalist and writer who worked in both print and radio. She wrote novels, short stories, poetry, theater and children's literature. She was also a radio and television script writer and a war correspondent. Dora Alonso was born in Máximo Gómez, Matanzas, Cuba on December 22, 1910, to Adela Pérez de Corcho Rodríguez and David Alonso Fernández. Her first poem, \"Amor\", appeared in the newspaper \"El Mundo\". In 1933 she became a correspondent","psg_id":"9950430"},{"title":"Axel Alonso","text":"of these of controversies, Marvel announced Alonso's replacement as Editor-in-Chief by C.B. Cebulski. No reason, however, was given for Alonso's departure or future career plans, though Marvel indicated that Alonso's departure was mutual. In a statement on Twitter, Marvel stated, \"Axel Alonso leaves an incredible mark at Marvel. His vision shaped some of our most iconic Super Heroes and stories. We wish him the best.\" Alonso and his wife have a son named Tito who was 11 as of March 2014. Axel Alonso Axel Alonso () is an American comic book creator and former journalist, best known as the former","psg_id":"8730929"},{"title":"Samson in rabbinic literature","text":"the Talmud (B. B. l.c.), which gives the name of his mother, and states that he had a sister also, named \"Nishyan\" or \"Nashyan\" (variant reading, this apparently is the meaning of the passage in question, despite the somewhat unsatisfactory explanation of Rashi). Samson in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical character Samson, the ancient Israelite hero who fought the Philistines with supernatural strength, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. Samson is identified with Bedan (I Sam. xii. 11); he was called \"Bedan\" because he was","psg_id":"10323736"},{"title":"Job in rabbinic literature","text":"Job in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical character Job, the object of sufferings and tribulations in the Book of Job, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. Owing to the importance of the \"Book of Job\", the Talmudists occupied themselves frequently with its chief character. One of the amoraim expressed his opinion in the presence of Samuel ben Nahmani that Job never existed and that the whole story was a fable. An opinion couched in similar words and pronounced by Simeon ben Lakish was interpreted to","psg_id":"10324400"},{"title":"The Monk by the Sea","text":"has no foreground except the frame, when viewing it, it is as if one's eyelids had been cut away.\" The painting was too minimalist for Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, who had been a supporter of Friedrich by introducing his work to the duke of Weimar and gaining prizes for him at an 1805 exhibition. Goethe said the painting \"could be looked at standing on one's head\", making a criticism that would be levied against abstract artists a century later. \"The Monk by the Sea\" inspired responses from painters like Gustave Courbet and James Abbott McNeill Whistler later in the 19th","psg_id":"12701834"},{"title":"Music Inspired by The Story","text":"Music Inspired by The Story Music Inspired by The Story is a 2011 compilation album of songs by various Contemporary Christian Music artists. The songs were inspired by scripture passages found in The Bible; it is included in a series with books by Max Lucado and Randy Frazee. The album was named the Special Event Album of the Year at the 43rd GMA Dove Awards. The album was written by Nichole Nordeman and composer Bernie Herms. The songs were written in the first-person perspective of people in the Bible. Nordeman was taking a hiatus from the music industry as she","psg_id":"19155426"},{"title":"Adrian Monk","text":"fan and Trudy as his biggest. Critical reviews of character Adrian Monk have been positive. Howard Rosenberg of the \"Los Angeles Times\" called Monk \"TV's most original sleuth ever\". In a review of the show's pilot, Tim Goodman of the \"San Francisco Chronicle\" stated: \"With his history and his sympathetic but funny 'problems', he [Monk] becomes one of television's most likable characters and floats a show that is, to be frank, riddled with improbability and simplicity\". Monk is ranked number 99 on Bravo's list of The 100 Greatest Television Characters of All Time. He was named one of TV's Smartest","psg_id":"2485942"},{"title":"Independent Augustinian communities","text":"establishment of the Order. The Dominicans in 1216 formally adopted the Augustinian Rule. Not an historical offshoot, but following the Augustinian Rule, this institute was founded by the Portuguese Saint John of God in Spain during the 16th century. They conduct 231 health care and social welfare services throughout the world and are the official health care providers to the Pope. Independent Augustinian communities Independent Augustinian communities are Roman Catholic religious communities that follow the Augustinian Rule, but are not under the jurisdiction of the Prior General of the Augustinian hermits in Rome. They include the Augustinian nuns, the Canons","psg_id":"8214971"},{"title":"Dámaso Alonso","text":"literary magazines \"Revista de Occidente\" ('Western Review') and \"Los Cuatro Vientos\" ('The Four Winds'). Alonso was to become an academic of great renown: he taught Spanish language and literature at several foreign universities, including the University of Oxford and took up a Chair at the University of Valencia between 1933 and 1939 before moving to the University of Madrid. He was elected to the Real Academia Española in 1945 and served as its Director between 1968 and 1982, when he was named Director Emeritus. Alonso's literary career can essentially be split into two convenient blocks. As a poet his early","psg_id":"4035957"},{"title":"Alonso Guerrero Pérez","text":"10-year courtship. They divorced in 1999. Alonso Guerrero Pérez Alonso Guerrero Pérez (Mérida (Badajoz), 12th of November 1962) is Spanish writer and professor. He wrote essay, literature criticism and journalism. He live in Almendralejo (Badajoz), studis in university and became professor in high-school. He was awarded some literature prizes. In 1982 prestigious \"Premio Felipe Trigo\" from Villanueva de la Serena (Badajoz) with \"Tricotomía\", and in 1987 \"Premio Navarra de Novela\" with \"Los años imaginarios\". On 7th of August of 1998 Alonso Guerrero married Letizia Ortiz, which will be Princess Letizia and then Queen of Spain, in a simple civil ceremony","psg_id":"21013290"},{"title":"Alonso Guerrero Pérez","text":"Alonso Guerrero Pérez Alonso Guerrero Pérez (Mérida (Badajoz), 12th of November 1962) is Spanish writer and professor. He wrote essay, literature criticism and journalism. He live in Almendralejo (Badajoz), studis in university and became professor in high-school. He was awarded some literature prizes. In 1982 prestigious \"Premio Felipe Trigo\" from Villanueva de la Serena (Badajoz) with \"Tricotomía\", and in 1987 \"Premio Navarra de Novela\" with \"Los años imaginarios\". On 7th of August of 1998 Alonso Guerrero married Letizia Ortiz, which will be Princess Letizia and then Queen of Spain, in a simple civil ceremony at Almendralejo, in Badajoz, after a","psg_id":"21013289"},{"title":"Voyage: Inspired by Jules Verne","text":"moon in which he must prepare himself for a lunar landing. Once Ardan successfully lands the shell on the moon, he must solve a series of puzzles on the surface in order to gain access to the hidden civilization below. There he encounters the Selenite race. Following this, Ardan focusses on finding a way to leave the moon and report his findings to Earth. After acquiring what he needs, Ardan travels back to Earth in the shell. He lands in the ocean and manages to swim to a nearby island, where he meets another famous Jules Verne character, Captain Nemo.","psg_id":"5726694"},{"title":"Alonso Valiente","text":"referred to the Holy Inquisition for having said that mere fornication was not a mortal sin. He was present in the marriage of Juan Jaramillo and Doña Marina, and was a witness in the marriage of María Jaramillo and Luis de Quesada in 1546. Together with Juan Altamirano, Alonso Valiente stayed in Mexico during Cortés' first trip to Spain. Both Altamirano and Valiente functioned as Hernán Cortés' legal representatives during his absence from Mexico. Alonso Valiente had a second wife named Melchora de Aberrucia, with whom he had no children. He lived with her in what is now the city","psg_id":"14813849"},{"title":"Works inspired by The Magic Flute","text":"Works inspired by The Magic Flute \"The Magic Flute\", an opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart with libretto by Emanuel Schikaneder, was composed in 1791 and premiered to great success. It has been an important part of the operatic repertory ever since, and has inspired a great number of sequels, adaptations, novels, films, artwork, and musical compositions. There are two sequels named \"The Magic Flute Part Two\". The first is a fragment by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, which was intended to be set to music by Paul Wranitzky. The second was sponsored by Emanuel Schikaneder himself, the opera, \"Das Labyrinth oder","psg_id":"19530502"},{"title":"Anabel Alonso","text":"lesbian character going against conventional stereotypes in prime time television led to Alonso becoming a gay icon. As \"7 Vidas\" was a show known for introducing current (mostly Spanish-related, but not exclusively) topics in a comedy key, the character of Diana dealt with issues such as same-sex marriage or adoption by same-sex couples (including a powerful speech in one episode against people who reject gay adoption). Diana came across as a funny, klutzy, very sexual character, and was one of the longest-standing characters of the show. Another well-known role of Alonso is her successful portrayal of the fish Dory in","psg_id":"9627765"},{"title":"Axel Alonso","text":"acclaimed run on the title, which began in 2003. It was also in 2001 that Alonso helped to create the a Marvel MAX line for mature readers. In 2002, Alonso, then a senior editor, had lured Frank Cho to Marvel on the basis of Cho's comic strip series \"Liberty Meadows\". Alonso approached Cho to revamp the third-string character Shanna the She-Devil, a scantily clad jungle girl whom Cho recast in a seven-issue, 2005 miniseries as an Amazonian naïf, the product of a Nazi experiment with the power to kill dinosaurs with her bare hands but an unpredictable lack of morality.","psg_id":"8730923"},{"title":"What Was Missing","text":"inspired by an incident that Sugar had experienced with a former roommate. Although the two often fought, Sugar desperately wanted them to be friends despite not particularly liking her. Sugar transferred this situation onto Marceline, writing the song so that Marceline—while having issues with Princess Bubblegum—wanted to become her friend. \"My Best Friends in the World\" was written by Sugar as a celebration of the friendship she shared with her coworkers, especially her storyboarding partner, Muto. Ward later admitted on the commentary track for \"What Was Missing\" that, while he was editing the animatic for the episode, he started to","psg_id":"16566920"},{"title":"What Made Milwaukee Famous (band)","text":"opened for The Smashing Pumpkins, Arcade Fire, The Black Keys, and Snow Patrol. WMMF has been featured on spots in \"Billboard\" and Rolling Stone bands-to-watch lists. The band's name comes from Jerry Lee Lewis's \"What's Made Milwaukee Famous (Has Made a Loser Out of Me)\". What Made Milwaukee Famous (band) What Made Milwaukee Famous (WMMF) is an indie rock band from Austin, Texas. In 2005, WMMF performed for Austin City Limits with Franz Ferdinand, making them one of the only unsigned bands to play for the show in its 43-year history. In 2006, the band signed with Barsuk Records, which","psg_id":"9692482"},{"title":"Alonso de Mendoza","text":"he founded the city, known then by the natives as Churupampa (Field of Shells). Part of downtown La Paz, its current name is Plaza Alonso de Mendoza. – In La Garrovilla (Badajoz), the main plaza is called Alonso de Mendoza. – The town of Garrovillas (Cáceres) has named a street \"Capitán Mendoza\" after him. – In 2003, a Metro station (Line 12) in Madrid, Spain, was named after Captain Alonso de Mendoza. Alonso de Mendoza Alonso de Mendoza (Garrovillas de Alconétar, Spain, c. 1471–1476 – Tipuani, Bolivia, 1549) was a Spanish captain, conquistador, and the founder of the city of","psg_id":"13959402"},{"title":"Works inspired by The Magic Flute","text":"Der Kampf mit den Elementen\" (The Labyrinth or The Struggle with the Elements), a Singspiel in two acts composed in 1798 by Peter von Winter to a German libretto by Schikaneder. Works inspired by The Magic Flute \"The Magic Flute\", an opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart with libretto by Emanuel Schikaneder, was composed in 1791 and premiered to great success. It has been an important part of the operatic repertory ever since, and has inspired a great number of sequels, adaptations, novels, films, artwork, and musical compositions. There are two sequels named \"The Magic Flute Part Two\". The first is","psg_id":"19530503"},{"title":"Silver Monk Time","text":"had initiated work on what was supposed to be their second LP. One beat accompanied by one continuous feedback was supposed to have spread out on two LP sides that would be known by the title \"Silver Monk Time\". For the new \"Silver Monk Time\" it was decided no to do a standard tribute record by just having the original songs covered. The participating 29 bands were explicitly asked to experiment with the Monks concept. Famous German electronic avant-garde band Mouse on Mars wrote in the detailed booklet to the record: \"Mouse on Mars have tried to prove that after","psg_id":"11956571"},{"title":"Kiko Alonso","text":"all players in 2013, behind Vontaze Burfict and Paul Posluszny. Alonso was the only defensive player nominated for PFWA Rookie of the Year in 2013. On January 14, 2014, Alonso was named PFWA Defensive Rookie of the Year. Alonso was also named to the NFL's All-Under-25 Team for 2014. Bills General Manager Doug Whaley announced that Alonso would be shifted to the weakside linebacker position for the 2014–15 NFL season. Shortly after however, Alonso tore his ACL while working out in Oregon and missed the entire 2014 season, as a seven to nine-month recovery was expected. On August 26, 2014,","psg_id":"17069454"},{"title":"José Antonio Alonso Navarro","text":"\"CUM LAUDE\" accolade. On 21 March 2017 Mr Nick White, Deputy Head of Mission and Chargé d´Affaires at the British Embassy of Asuncion, Paraguay, awarded Doctor José Antonio Alonso Navarro, Phd, a Certificate of Honor on behalf of the British Ambassador in Asuncion, Doctor Jeremy Hobbs, Phd, due to his outstanding contribution to the translation and spread of Medieval English Literature in both Spain and Paraguay for almost 20 years. José Antonio Alonso Navarro José Antonio Alonso Navarro is a philologist, university professor of English and English literature, and European literature in general. In addition, he is a medievalist, a","psg_id":"19327189"},{"title":"Monk Metcalf","text":"Monk Metcalf Monk Metcalf is a fictional character on the HBO drama series \"The Wire\", portrayed by Kwame Patterson. Monk is a lieutenant in the Stanfield organization, and probably the third most recognized leader of the Stanfield Organization. Monk is shown throughout the series in dual roles as both an occasional enforcer but mostly as the organization's drug supply-coordinator. In contrast to Snoop or Chris, Monk was tasked by Marlo with non-combative goals, such as handing out money to school children to enhance Marlo's street reputation, and keeping crew chiefs organized. Monk is also responsible for all phone activity in","psg_id":"17219107"},{"title":"Kiko Alonso","text":"and recorded 115 combined tackles (79 solo), one pass deflection, and one sack. Alonso was named the starting strongside linebacker to begin the regular season in 2018. He started alongside rookie starting weakside linebacker Jerome Baker and middle linebacker Raekwon McMillan. In Week 2, Alonso collected a season-high 13 solo tackles in the Dolphins’ 20–12 win at the New York Jets. The following week, Alonso made 15 combined tackles (seven solo) during a 28–2 victory against the Oakland Raiders in Week 3. Kiko Alonso Kristian \"Kiko\" Alonso (born August 14, 1990) is an American football linebacker for the Miami Dolphins","psg_id":"17069461"},{"title":"Alonso de Maldonado","text":"were to enter into force in the Spanish dominions in the New World. These were intended to alleviate the plight of the Indigenous, but there was strong opposition to them among the Spanish holders of encomiendas. Maldonado did not enforce them in Guatemala. The New Laws were inspired largely by Las Casas, and because of Maldonado's noncooperation, Las Casas secured his replacement as governor by Alonso López Cerrato in 1548. In 1547 he traveled to Nicaragua to recruit soldiers for the army. Alonso de Maldonado Alonso de Maldonado Diez de Ledesma (1480 Salamanca, Spain- ), was a Spanish lawyer and","psg_id":"8624881"},{"title":"Alonso Sánchez","text":"Alonso Sánchez Alonso Sánchez (with full name Alonso Sánchez de Huelva) was a fifteenth-century mariner and merchant born in Huelva, Spain, on Andalusia's Atlantic coast. Legend has it that he was a mariner who reached America several years before Christopher Columbus did. After the discovery of America several rumors started to spread especially among the conquistadores, claiming that America had not been discovered by Columbus, but that its existence was known at least 20 years before 1492. Bartolomé de las Casas had indeed heard several of those claims, but limited himself to record them. The most famous of those accounts","psg_id":"9891231"},{"title":"Alonso Valiente","text":"death, the house was taken over by Valiente's widow and second wife, Melchora de Aberrucia. She remarried with Rodrigo de Vivero y Velasco, a relative of Luis de Velasco, the second Viceroy of New Spain. Their son, Rodrigo de Vivero y Aberrucia, became the first Count of the Valley of Orizaba. Since then, the house has been popularly known as La Casa del Conde (the count's house). The Spanish comic book series of 1957 Capitán Valiente (the brave captain), illustrated by Manuel Gago García, with dialogues by Pedro Quesada, was loosely based on Alonso Valiente's character. Alonso Valiente Alonso Valiente","psg_id":"14813852"},{"title":"Alonso (crater)","text":"north and further south is Miranda's South Pole, the Prime Meridan is not far towards the east. Alonso (crater) Alonso is one of the largest craters in the southern hemisphere of Miranda, a moon of Uranus, located at 44° S, 352.6 ° E, and is in Dunsinane Region. It has a diameter of . The crater is named after Alonso, King of Naples, one of the characters in Shakespeare's \"The Tempest\". As with Miranda's Southern Hemisphere, the area was discovered by Voyager 2 in 1986 and later was officially named by the IAU in 1988. Just west is Inverness Corona","psg_id":"20621826"},{"title":"Alonso (crater)","text":"Alonso (crater) Alonso is one of the largest craters in the southern hemisphere of Miranda, a moon of Uranus, located at 44° S, 352.6 ° E, and is in Dunsinane Region. It has a diameter of . The crater is named after Alonso, King of Naples, one of the characters in Shakespeare's \"The Tempest\". As with Miranda's Southern Hemisphere, the area was discovered by Voyager 2 in 1986 and later was officially named by the IAU in 1988. Just west is Inverness Corona which has a features of groove terrain which includes the \"Chevron\" portion. Verona Rupes is to the","psg_id":"20621825"},{"title":"Mr. Monk Gets Jury Duty","text":"from the opening Chinatown chase scene, which was shot on-location in November 2005 in San Francisco. Because of the opportunity to film on-location, the opening scene was re-written. The jury subplot was heavily inspired by the 1957 film \"12 Angry Men\". For example, Juror No. 4 Mr. Cobb was named after Lee J. Cobb (Juror No. 3 in the film), while the panning shot of the jury room was inspired by an identical shot toward the end of \"12 Angry Men\". \"Mr. Monk Gets Jury Duty\" was first broadcast in the United States on the USA Network at 10 pm","psg_id":"9911279"},{"title":"Sea monk","text":"Sea monk The sea monk (also monk-fish or monkfish) was a sea creature found off the eastern coast of the Danish island of Zealand in 1546. It was described as a \"fish\" that looked superficially like a monk. The most recent study concluded that the animal was most likely an angelshark. Early sources described the sea monk as a \"fish\" that looked superficially like a monk, and was mentioned and pictured in the fourth volume of Conrad Gesner's famous \"Historia Animalium\". Gesner also referenced a similar monster found in the Firth of Forth after Boethius. The sea monk was subsequently","psg_id":"3732546"},{"title":"Alberto Alonso","text":"Alberto Alonso Alberto Julio Rayneri Alonso (22 May 1917 – 31 December 2007) was a Cuban dancer and choreographer, the brother of Fernando Alonso and brother-in-law of Alicia Alonso (née Martinez). Alonso was influential in the development of what is known as the Cuban style of ballet, a combination of Russian and Western techniques with a Latin style. Alonso was born in Havana, and attended Springhill College in Mobile, Alabama. At his return to Cuba he began ballet training in 1932 at the \"Sociedad Pro-Arte Musical\" arts school in Havana with Nikolai Yavorsky. He studied in Paris with several teachers","psg_id":"11974781"},{"title":"Osvaldo Alonso","text":"volley against Cal FC on June 5. For the season he totaled five goals and five assists while leading the team with 42 starts and 3,749 minutes across all competitions. In 2013, Alonso was named an inactive MLS All-Star, earning his third All-Star selection in his five-year MLS career. After missing games in both the 2014 and 2015 MLS Cup Playoffs, Alonso was being actively shopped around the league by the Seattle Sounders front office due to durability concerns before the start of the 2016 MLS season. A trade did not materialize, and Alonso went on to make 38 league","psg_id":"12195120"},{"title":"Dom Pérignon (monk)","text":"Dom Pérignon (monk) Dom Pierre Pérignon, O.S.B., (December 163814 September 1715) was a French Benedictine monk who made important contributions to the production and quality of champagne wine in an era when the region's wines were predominantly still red. Popular myths frequently, but erroneously, credit him with the invention of sparkling champagne, which didn't become the dominant style of Champagne until the mid-19th century. The famous champagne Dom Pérignon, the prestige cuvée of Moët & Chandon, is named for him. The remains of the monastery where he spent his adult life is now the property of that winery. Pérignon was","psg_id":"1771321"},{"title":"Alberto Alonso","text":"Dance Theater of Santa Fe. He continued choreographing for several companies including New York's Ballet Hispanico in 1994, and re-creating Carmen for Svetlana Zakharova in the Bolshoi Ballet in 2005. Alonso died from heart failure in his adopted hometown of Gainesville, Florida, at age 90. Alberto Alonso Alberto Julio Rayneri Alonso (22 May 1917 – 31 December 2007) was a Cuban dancer and choreographer, the brother of Fernando Alonso and brother-in-law of Alicia Alonso (née Martinez). Alonso was influential in the development of what is known as the Cuban style of ballet, a combination of Russian and Western techniques with","psg_id":"11974785"},{"title":"Kiko Alonso","text":"2013, Alonso made five combined tackles and intercepted two passes by Ravens’ quarterback Joe Flacco in a 23–20 win against the Baltimore Ravens in Week 4. On October 3, 2013, Alonso was named the NFL Defensive Rookie of the Month for the month of September. In Week 6, Alonso recorded a season-high 22 combined tackles (nine solo) during a 27–24 loss against the Cincinnati Bengals. Alonso started in all 16 games as a rookie in 2013 and recorded 159 combined tackles, four interceptions, four pass deflections, two sacks, and one forced fumble. Alonso finished with the third most tackles among","psg_id":"17069453"},{"title":"The Monk (Doctor Who)","text":"The Monk (Doctor Who) The Monk is a fictional character in the British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". Played by the British actor Peter Butterworth, the character appeared in two stories, \"The Time Meddler\" and \"The Daleks' Master Plan\", as an adversary of the First Doctor. They were written and co-written respectively by Dennis Spooner. Other than the Doctor and Susan, the Monk was the first member of the Doctor's species to appear in the programme, and the second \"Doctor Who\" villain (after the Daleks) to make a return appearance. The Monk was the possessor of a stolen Mark","psg_id":"829790"},{"title":"Monk (comics)","text":"hopes to become one so she can serve as Niccolai's right hand. Monk (comics) The Monk, also known as Mad Monk, is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly as an adversary of the superhero Batman. The character first appeared in \"Detective Comics\" #31 (September 1939) and was created by Gardner Fox, Bob Kane, and Sheldon Moldof. The Monk made his first appearance in \"Detective Comics\" #31 (September 1939) and was created by Gardner Fox, Bob Kane, and Sheldon Moldof. He is one of the earliest significant villains of the \"Detective Comics\" series, and","psg_id":"7320311"},{"title":"Monk (comics)","text":"Monk (comics) The Monk, also known as Mad Monk, is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly as an adversary of the superhero Batman. The character first appeared in \"Detective Comics\" #31 (September 1939) and was created by Gardner Fox, Bob Kane, and Sheldon Moldof. The Monk made his first appearance in \"Detective Comics\" #31 (September 1939) and was created by Gardner Fox, Bob Kane, and Sheldon Moldof. He is one of the earliest significant villains of the \"Detective Comics\" series, and his battle with Batman is one of the Dark Knight's first multi-part","psg_id":"7320302"},{"title":"Carlism in literature","text":"as expected by the regime. An infantile version of wartime literature was a Carlist review \"\". The Spanish Civil War triggered massive literary response abroad, yet most authors ignore Carlist threads; they are absent either in well-known works like \"The Confidential Agent\" by Graham Greene (1939) and \"L’Espoir\" by André Malraux (1945), or in most minor pieces. Definitely the most famous literary work written during or shortly after the Spanish Civil War, \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\" of Ernest Hemingway (1940), is only marginally related to the Carlist theme. A minor character lieutenant Paco Berrendo does not resemble a typical","psg_id":"20248253"},{"title":"Augustinian Friary of the Most Holy Trinity, Dublin","text":"Augustinian Friary of the Most Holy Trinity, Dublin The Augustinian Friary of the Most Holy Trinity was an Augustinian (Order of Saint Augustine (mendicants)) Roman Catholic Priory, founded c. 1259, by the family of Talbot on the south bank of the River, in what is now Crow Street, Dublin. At the time the priory was built, it was just outside the city walls. The Friary most likely followed the design of the parent priory Clare Priory in the town of Clare, Suffolk (England). The Friary was suppressed in 1540 when it was described as a \"church with belfry, a hall","psg_id":"17430343"},{"title":"Noah in rabbinic literature","text":"time of Noah was by no means the only flood with which this earth was visited. The first flood did its work of destruction as far as Jaffé, and the one of Noah's days extended to Barbary\".\" Noah in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical character Noah, who saved his family and representatives of all the animals from a great flood by constructing an ark, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. According to Midrash Agadah on Genesis v. 29, Noah obtained his name, which means \"rest,\"","psg_id":"10239146"},{"title":"Adam in rabbinic literature","text":"Adam in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical figure Adam, created according to the Book of Genesis by God in the Garden of Eden as the first man, expand and elaborate and draw inferences from what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. While the generic character that the name of Adam has in the older parts of Scripture, where it appears with the article (\"the man\"), was gradually lost sight of, his typical character as the representative of the unity of mankind was constantly emphasized (compare Talmud tractate Sanhedrin iv. 5; the correct reading","psg_id":"10278323"},{"title":"Xabi Alonso","text":"his first FA Cup winners' medal. On 20 September 2006, Alonso scored what the BBC described as \"an outrageous strike\" from his own half in a 2–0 Premiership win against Newcastle United. Andy Hunter of \"The Independent\" described it as \"one of the most audacious goals in Anfield's rich 115-year history\". Alonso rebutted claims that his 70-yard goal was all down to luck and stated that he took long range shots as part of his training routine. Despite the similarity of the goals struck from inside his own half, Alonso was in no doubt which was his best. He said,","psg_id":"3802844"},{"title":"Bisexual literature","text":"literary works, the recent catalyst of gay rights movements inspired a surge of more LGBT literature. Though most of these literary works focused on lesbian and gay relationships, bisexuality is slowly making a rise and becoming more visible in literature and individuals. One of the earliest know examples of bisexuality in literature is \"Fanny Hill\" by John Cleland. In the novel, titular character Fanny has \"exciting and satisfying sexual relations with other women as well as with men.\" During this time period, homosexuality was considered an action rather than part of an identity, and so instances of any homosexuality, including","psg_id":"20570714"},{"title":"Alonso de Góngora Marmolejo","text":"style, and is believed to have been inspired by the publication of Alonso de Ercilla's \"La Araucana\". Alonso de Góngora Marmolejo Alonso de Góngora Marmolejo (1523–1575) was a Spanish conquistador and chronicler of the early conquest and settlement of the Captaincy General of Chile, and the start of the Arauco War. Marmolejo was born in the town of Carmona, Andalucía, in 1523. He was the son of the regidor of the town, Juan Jiménez de Góngora Marmolejo and of Teresa Núñez de Tanfarva. In April 1551 he came as a soldier to Santiago, Chile and shortly after was transferred to","psg_id":"11548915"},{"title":"Jazz Suite Inspired by Dylan Thomas's \"Under Milk Wood\"","text":"close rapport with tenorman Bobby Wellins do bring Thelonious Monk and Charlie Rouse to mind, but the cogent pungency of the compositions (in catchy mid-tempo tunes or in haunting ballads like ‘Starless and Bible Black’ and the title-track) is all his own\". In a series of articles for \"The Guardian\" newspaper titled \"50 great moments in jazz\", John Fordham wrote of the album: \"\"Under Milk Wood\" was an evocative collection of sparky themes inspired by the Dylan Thomas radio play (it's sometimes performed with a narrator reading the parts). And thanks to Tracey's sparing piano and Wellins's softly hooting sax,","psg_id":"19076044"},{"title":"Carlos Alonso","text":"went into exile in Italy, and in 1979, he moved to Madrid. He returned to Argentina two years later. The Bienal de Pintura Paloma Alonso. named in her honor, is a 1990 joint initiative of Alonso and Teresa Nachman. Alonso is the uncle of the chess grandmaster Salvador Alonso. Carlos Alonso Carlos Alonso (born Tunuyán, Mendoza, Argentina, 4 February 1929), is a contemporary Argentine painter, draftsman and printmaker. Though he was a Social realist in his early career, he is best known as a New realist. Beef is a common element in his work. Born in Tunuyán, where he lived","psg_id":"14391427"},{"title":"Odette Alonso","text":"Odette Alonso Odette Alonso is a poet, storyteller, essayist, and promoter of Cuban literature. She has a degree in Philology. She currently lives in Mexico, where she has resided since 1992. Odette was born in Santiago de Cuba in 1964. She is a member of the Network of Female Latin American Writers ([http://www.wworld.org/about/affiliates/relat.htm <nowiki>Red de Escritoras Latinoamericas [RELAT]</nowiki>]), the Writers' and Artists' Union of Cuba (Unión de Escritores y Artistas de Cuba), and the Union of Women Writers of the Antilles (Unión de Mujeres Escritoras de las Antillas [UMEDA]). Currently, she is an editor of the Dirección de Publicaciones of","psg_id":"20095705"},{"title":"Character blogging","text":"character derives. Star Wars has brought about several of these, the most famous example being Master Yoda's Blog. Unofficial character blogs often are inspired by comic books, TV shows and movies. Fantasy Character Blogs - Some blog writers choose to create their own original character to blog as. Often they will be some kind of superhero type character, rather than just an ordinary person. An element of fantasy often exists, putting the character into one or many fantasy universes, even mixing them with established fictional universes from comic books, movies and television. This is common among role-players, particularly within the","psg_id":"13479227"},{"title":"Callan Augustinian Friary","text":"building with a central bell-tower. The east end or choir, is lit by a fine east window and in its south wall is one of the finest sedilia (a seat for officiating priests) in Ireland. The domestic buildings and the cloister court no longer survive. However, a freshwater well still remains on the grounds of the abbey. 'Callan Augustinian friary' (founded 1461-72), \"Monastic Ireland\", http://www.monastic.ie/history/callan-augustinian-friary/ Callan Augustinian Friary The Callan Augustinian Friary is an Augustinian friary situated in Callan, Co Kilkenny, Ireland. It is known locally as the \"Abbey Meadow\" and is located to the north-east of the town, on","psg_id":"10227118"},{"title":"Augustinian nuns","text":"\"Sisters of St. Ignatius\" was introduced into the Philippines and South America by the Discalced Augustinian Hermits. They worked zealously in aid of the missions, schools and orphanages in the island, and founded the colleges of Our Lady of Consolation and of St. Anne at Manila, and houses at Neuva Segovia, Cebú and Mandaloya on the Pasig, where they have done much for the education of girls. Historically, the most important of the observant Augustinian congregations were the Spanish Augustinian tertiary nuns, founded in 1545 by Archbishop Thomas of Villanova at Valencia; the \"reformed\" Augustinian nuns who originated under the","psg_id":"8357101"},{"title":"Alonso Sánchez","text":"claimed the account by Inca Garcilaso de la Vega to be true. In the city of Huelva, Sánchez's purported birthplace, there are a number of memorials to this little-known pioneering navigator. There is a statue of Alonso Sánchez in the city park that commemorates the voyages of Columbus, 12 October Park, it is a work of the sculptor León Ortega. There is also a smaller park in Huelva named for him, as well as a public high school. Alonso Sánchez Alonso Sánchez (with full name Alonso Sánchez de Huelva) was a fifteenth-century mariner and merchant born in Huelva, Spain, on","psg_id":"9891239"},{"title":"James Monk","text":"attorney general of Quebec in 1776 serving until 1789 and then again from 1792 to 1794. In 1794 he was appointed Chief Justice of the King's Bench of Montreal. During his career Monk also served on Executive and Legislative Councils and Nova Scotia's Legislative Assembly. Monk was knighted in 1825 and in 1826, he would die at his home in Cheltenham, England at the age of 81. Monkland Avenue in Montreal is named for him. The Monk Metro Station and the Monk Boulevard are named for the Monk Family, especially Frederick D. Monk, an attorney who along with Joseph-Ulric Émard","psg_id":"12020051"},{"title":"Moses in rabbinic literature","text":"on the mountain (ib.). Moses in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the biblical character Moses, who led the people of Israel out of Egypt and through their wanderings in the wilderness, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. Of all Biblical personages Moses has been chosen most frequently as the subject of later legends; and his life has been recounted in full detail in the poetic \"Aggadah\". As liberator, lawgiver, and leader of the Children of Israel which was transformed by him from an unorganized horde into a","psg_id":"10239780"},{"title":"Moses in rabbinic literature","text":"Moses in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the biblical character Moses, who led the people of Israel out of Egypt and through their wanderings in the wilderness, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. Of all Biblical personages Moses has been chosen most frequently as the subject of later legends; and his life has been recounted in full detail in the poetic \"Aggadah\". As liberator, lawgiver, and leader of the Children of Israel which was transformed by him from an unorganized horde into a nation, he occupies a","psg_id":"10239696"},{"title":"Haman in rabbinic literature","text":"Haman in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical character of Haman, the anti-Jewish villain of the Book of Esther, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. Haman is identified by the Talmudists with Memucan, the last of the seven princes \"which saw the king's face\" (Esth. i. 14), giving to \"Memucan\" the signification of \"prepared for punishment\" (Targum to Esth.; Talmud Meg. 12b). Haman was a direct descendant of Agag in the sixteenth generation and consequently an Amalekite (Targ. Sheni). The Septuagint, however, gives for \"ha-Agagi\" \"macedonian\"","psg_id":"10245853"},{"title":"Dee Monk","text":"Dee Monk Dee Monk was a Eurodance group from Belgrade which was popular in the 1990s in Serbia and Montenegro. However, this group has received even broader recognition, it became very famous in the region, especially in: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Macedonia, and the rest of the Balkans. Dee Monk has recorded only one album titled \"Samo zelim da znam\" (\"\"I just want to know\"\"). Their most famous hit was \"Samo zelim da znam\" (1994) which is listened to even now. Members of this group were Sasa Novaković and Alma. Dee Monk paused more years, and in 2010 returned to eurodance","psg_id":"13727797"},{"title":"The Monk by the Sea","text":"the aesthetics of variety that was predominant before the nineteenth century. The Monk by the Sea The Monk by the Sea () is an oil painting by the German Romantic artist Caspar David Friedrich. It was painted between 1808 and 1810 in Dresden and was first shown together with the painting \"The Abbey in the Oakwood\" (\"Abtei im Eichwald\") in the Berlin Academy exhibition of 1810. On Friedrich's request \"The Monk by the Sea\" was hung above \"The Abbey in the Oakwood\". After the exhibition both pictures were bought by king Frederick Wilhelm III for his collection. Today the paintings","psg_id":"12701838"},{"title":"The Monk by the Sea","text":"The Monk by the Sea The Monk by the Sea () is an oil painting by the German Romantic artist Caspar David Friedrich. It was painted between 1808 and 1810 in Dresden and was first shown together with the painting \"The Abbey in the Oakwood\" (\"Abtei im Eichwald\") in the Berlin Academy exhibition of 1810. On Friedrich's request \"The Monk by the Sea\" was hung above \"The Abbey in the Oakwood\". After the exhibition both pictures were bought by king Frederick Wilhelm III for his collection. Today the paintings hang side by side in the Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin. For its","psg_id":"12701824"},{"title":"Monk (character class)","text":"In \"World of Warcraft\", , , , , , , , , , , and can be as of expansion. Monks rely on bare-handed combat and use their weapons for a finishing strike. In the game \"EverQuest\", the monk class can be chosen only by the human, lizardman (Iksar), Froglok, or drakkin races. Monks have hand-to-hand combat skills, and can fight with or without weapons, using fists or staves, and able to use only leather armor and lighter because of their weight limit restriction. Monks gain the ability to feign death. This gives the Monk the ability to drop to","psg_id":"4425338"},{"title":"Augustinian hypothesis","text":"such as how reliable the early Christian tradition is, which gospel was written first, whether there were other unknown sources behind the gospels, to what extent, if any, the gospels were redacted, and to what extent the gospels were altered between the time they were originally written and the time the first surviving manuscripts appear. These and other matters are raised and alternate resolutions proposed by proponents of competing hypotheses, such as the Two-source hypothesis, its related Q hypothesis, the Farrer hypothesis, and others. The main two areas of contention within the Augustinian community are whether Matthew was originally written","psg_id":"5925958"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Monk (character class)\",\n \"text\": \"convenient to start in this class and pick up a weapon skill later rather than disarming oneself with an armed fighter in order to build the skill from scratch. Monk (character class) The monk is a character class in a number of role-playing tabletop and video games. In those games which follow the \\\"Dungeons & Dragons\\\" traditions, monks are characters with excellent martial arts skills and who specialize in unarmed, unarmored combat. Many role-playing video games include warrior classes similar to the \\\"Dungeons & Dragons\\\" monk. The monk class has also found its way into \\\"NetHack\\\" and \\\"Linley's Dungeon Crawl\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4425346\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Made America Famous?\",\n \"text\": \"What Made America Famous? \\\"What Made America Famous?\\\" is a song written and performed by Harry Chapin. The song was included on his 1974 album, Verities & Balderdash. It has also been included on numerous posthumous compilation albums. The song inspired Chapin to write the award nominated Broadway musical, The Night That Made America Famous. The song shows a man, his girlfriend, and kids living in a rundown home. Eventually, a house fire starts, and they need rescue. It is continually asked in the song if anybody cares. It ends with the firefighters waiting to respond to \\\"let them sweat\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20656147\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Augustinian Studies\",\n \"text\": \"who replaced Allan D. Fitzgerald in 2012. \\\"Augustinian Studies\\\" is published by the Philosophy Documentation Center, in cooperation with the Augustinian Institute at Villanova University. All issues are available online. \\\"Augustinian Studies\\\" is abstracted and indexed in Academic Search Premier, \\\"L'Année philologique\\\", Catholic Periodical and Literature Index, Expanded Academic ASAP, Index Philosophicus, InfoTrac OneFile, International Bibliography of Periodical Literature, International Bibliography of Book Reviews of Scholarly Literature, International Philosophical Bibliography, The Philosopher's Index, Philosophy Research Index, PhilPapers, and Religious and Theological Abstracts. Augustinian Studies Augustinian Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal devoted to the study of Augustine of Hippo. Its\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13167299\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Made America Famous?\",\n \"text\": \"a little\\\", and the plumber ends up saving everyone in the home. They spend the night in the plumber's home and realize that heroes are people who you'd never suspect, or ever know. The song was inspired when Chapin himself lived in Point Lookout in Long Island during the 1960s. There was a suspicious fire in a low-income residence. Although it is unknown how the actual firefighters responded, he imagined that they responded like in the song. What Made America Famous? \\\"What Made America Famous?\\\" is a song written and performed by Harry Chapin. The song was included on his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20656148\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dámaso Alonso\",\n \"text\": \"Dámaso Alonso Dámaso Alonso y Fernández de las Redondas (22 October 1898 – 25 January 1990) was a Spanish poet, philologist and literary critic. Though a member of the Generation of '27, his best-known work dates from the 1940s onwards. Born in Madrid in October 22, 1898, Alonso studied Law, Philosophy and Literature before undertaking research at Madrid's Centro de Estudios Históricos. An enthusiastic participant in the cultural and literary life at the famous Residencia de estudiantes (which at this time counted among its residents Federico García Lorca, Luis Buñuel and Salvador Dalí, amongst others), Alonso also wrote for the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4035956\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monk (character class)\",\n \"text\": \"Monk (character class) The monk is a character class in a number of role-playing tabletop and video games. In those games which follow the \\\"Dungeons & Dragons\\\" traditions, monks are characters with excellent martial arts skills and who specialize in unarmed, unarmored combat. Many role-playing video games include warrior classes similar to the \\\"Dungeons & Dragons\\\" monk. The monk class has also found its way into \\\"NetHack\\\" and \\\"Linley's Dungeon Crawl\\\", which borrow elements of the class from \\\"Dungeons & Dragons\\\". Conversely, in \\\"Guild Wars\\\" released in 2005, the monk is similar to the cleric class of other popular games,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4425334\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monk (Dungeons & Dragons)\",\n \"text\": \"Monk (Dungeons & Dragons) The monk (also mystic) is a playable character class in most editions of the \\\"Dungeons & Dragons\\\" fantasy role-playing game. A D&D monk is a fantasy martial artist, specializing in unarmed combat. The original monk character class was created by Brian Blume, inspired by the fictional martial arts of the \\\"Destroyer\\\" series of novels. The monk was introduced in 1975's \\\"Blackmoor\\\" supplement. The monk was a main character class in the first edition \\\"Players Handbook\\\". The monk was presented as one of the five core classes in the original \\\"Players Handbook\\\". In 1981, Philip Meyers argued\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6829231\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monk (Dungeons & Dragons)\",\n \"text\": \"battle with the unpredictability of the drunkard, and the Way of the Kensei, which grants monks mastery over ki-empowered weapon usage. Monk (Dungeons & Dragons) The monk (also mystic) is a playable character class in most editions of the \\\"Dungeons & Dragons\\\" fantasy role-playing game. A D&D monk is a fantasy martial artist, specializing in unarmed combat. The original monk character class was created by Brian Blume, inspired by the fictional martial arts of the \\\"Destroyer\\\" series of novels. The monk was introduced in 1975's \\\"Blackmoor\\\" supplement. The monk was a main character class in the first edition \\\"Players Handbook\\\".\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6829240\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monk (character class)\",\n \"text\": \"Fantasy Tactics Advance\\\", Bangaas have the ability to become a Monk. \\\"Final Fantasy\\\" games that don't use the job-system usually have a representative for the Monk class. Examples of this representative character are Sabin Rene Figaro of FFVI and Tifa Lockhart of FFVII. In Gravity Corp's MMORPG \\\"Ragnarok Online\\\", Acolytes can choose their second job as a Monk. The monk is a physical/melee class that can, although rarely, provide secondary support in the absence of a priest (for the buffs blessing and agi up)\\\". It is most noted for an ability called \\\"Asura Strike\\\" (sometimes called Guillotine Fist, or Extremity\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4425341\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monk (character class)\",\n \"text\": \"overwhelmed when attacked by many enemies at once. Diablo 3 features a monk character class as a melee attacker, using martial arts to cripple foes, resist damage, deflect projectiles, attack with blinding speed, and land explosive killing blows. It combines the melee elements of Diablo II's assassin class with the \\\"holy warrior\\\" role of the paladin. Blizzard has stated that the monk is not related in any way to the monk class from the Sierra Entertainment-made Diablo: Hellfire expansion. The monk is fueled by spirit, which has defensive purposes and is slowly generated through attacking, though it does not degenerate\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4425337\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monk (character class)\",\n \"text\": \"can use unique healing techniques. The primary difference in \\\"Vanguard\\\" is that the monk's \\\"signature\\\" area of expertise is delivering area of effect (AOE) damage via melee, a role not present in most games except, sometimes in some limited way due to a particular special ability or talent. In Square Enix's \\\"Final Fantasy\\\" series of role-playing video games, the Monk () is a character class (or \\\"job\\\"). It is frequently also referred as the Black Belt. In \\\"Final Fantasy\\\" and \\\"Final Fantasy III\\\" an upgraded, more powerful form of the class appears, named Karate Master or Karateka (からてか). In \\\"Final\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4425340\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monk (character class)\",\n \"text\": \"Five types—called \\\"builds\\\"—of the Monk character class are the Combo Monk, Spirit Monk, Dasher Monk, Asura Monk, and Diamond Monk. Each class requires certain stats combined with specific skills in order to reach their effectiveness. In the \\\"Fire Emblem\\\" games, the Monks are usually exclusively male Light Magic users able to defend themselves through Light-related spells while Priests are the male-counterpart to Clerics being only able to use staves. When they're promoted to Bishop class through the Guiding Ring or Earth Seal items, they add staves, or Light magic in the case of Priests, to their arsenal. Monks, and their\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4425343\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monk (character class)\",\n \"text\": \"using spiritual powers to heal and purge disease. The monk is a character class in the \\\"Dungeons & Dragons\\\" role-playing game which is typically portrayed as a master of martial arts. It is loosely based on the stereotype of Shaolin Buddhist warrior-monks. The \\\"Dungeons & Dragons\\\" monk specializes in unarmed combat, with no use of armor and only special \\\"monk weapons\\\", such as kama or nunchaku. The monk class, as with other classes of the \\\"Dungeons & Dragons\\\" game, utilizes a spiritual element, \\\"Ki\\\", that augments their fighting through the use of special abilities gained with experience. These powers and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4425335\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Callan Augustinian Friary\",\n \"text\": \"Callan Augustinian Friary The Callan Augustinian Friary is an Augustinian friary situated in Callan, Co Kilkenny, Ireland. It is known locally as the \\\"Abbey Meadow\\\" and is located to the north-east of the town, on the banks of the Kings River. The new Augustinian Friary located in the town via the river is connected to the Abbey. Edmund Butler of Pottlerath, a noted patron of literature, successfully petitioned Pope Pius II for the foundation of the friary in 1461. After Edmund died in 1462, the actual buildings were erected by his son, James, probably after 1467 when he received a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10227116\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alonso de Orozco Mena\",\n \"text\": \"Alonso de Orozco Mena Saint Alonso de Orozco Mena (17 October 1500 – 19 September 1591) was a Spanish Roman Catholic priest from the Augustinian order. He was well known across Spain for his preaching abilities and for an austere and humble life. He was beatified in 1882 after the recognition of two healings attributed to him as miracles and was canonized in 2002 after a third received papal approval. His feast is on the date of his death - 19 September - on an annual basis. Alonso de Orozco was born in Toledo on 17 October 1500. He had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18916365\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is Literature?\",\n \"text\": \"What Is Literature? What Is Literature? (), also published as \\\"Literature and Existentialism\\\",) is an essay by French philosopher and novelist Jean-Paul Sartre, published by Gallimard in 1948. Initially published in freestanding essays across French literary journals \\\"Les Temps modernes\\\", \\\"Situations I\\\" and \\\"Situations II\\\", essays \\\"What is Writing?\\\" and \\\"Why Write?\\\" were translated into English and published by the Paris-based literary journal Transition 1948. The English translation by Bernard Frechtman was published in 1950. Sartre attempts to devise an understanding of the effect literature has on those who are subjected to it. In the foreword Sartre addresses his critics\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5919702\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mr. Monk in Trouble\",\n \"text\": \"Mr. Monk in Trouble Mr. Monk in Trouble is the ninth novel based on the television series \\\"Monk\\\". It was written by Lee Goldberg, and was published by Signet Books on December 1, 2009. Like the other \\\"Monk\\\" novels, the story is narrated by Natalie Teeger, the assistant of the title character, Adrian Monk. Adrian Monk and Natalie Teeger arrive in Trouble, California, a small town known for an unsolved train robbery that happened there in 1962. In the 1840s, Trouble was also home to one of Monk's distant relatives, an assayer who possessed skills invaluable to the small town,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16191964\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Augustinian nuns\",\n \"text\": \"and the Sisters of St Joan of Arc (in Quebec, United States, and Rome) are just some of the Augustinian family of orders who are not enclosed women. The Sisters of Life are a relatively new order (founded 1991 by Cardinal O'Connor) who follow the Augustinian rule. There are other Augustinian nuns in the Anglican Communion. Augustinian nuns Augustinian nuns are the most ancient and continuous segment of the Roman Catholic Augustinian religious order under the canons of contemporary historical method. The Augustinian nuns, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430), are several Roman Catholic enclosed monastic orders\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8357106\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monk (character class)\",\n \"text\": \"and a basic unit: In \\\"Guild Wars Prophecies\\\", monks are spellcasters, without engaging in physical combat. There are three general type of monks: Healing, Protecting, and Smiting. As with all other classes in \\\"Linley's Dungeon Crawl\\\", a character beginning as a monk is free to progress in any other skill throughout their career. A monk typically begins with several skill ranks in the unarmed combat, fighting, and dodging skills. In earlier versions, the unarmed combat skill even allowed armed fighters to sometimes make free attacks, such as kicks and headbutts, during normal combat. Back then it may have been more\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4425345\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Augustinian nuns\",\n \"text\": \"is inclusive. Augustine spoke passionately of God's \\\"beauty so ancient and so new\\\", and his fascination with beauty extended to music. He taught that \\\"to sing once is to pray twice\\\" (\\\"Qui cantat, bis orat\\\"), and music is also a key part of the Augustinian ethos. Besides the significant musical contribution of Augustinian nun and composer Vittoria Aleotti, contemporary Augustinian musical foundations include the famous Augustinerkirche of the (male) friars in Vienna, where orchestral masses by Mozart and Schubert are performed every week, as well as the boys' choir at Sankt Florian in Austria, a school conducted by Canons Regular,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8357104\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Adrian Monk\",\n \"text\": \"garnered many accolades. Monk was included in Bravo's list of The 100 Greatest Television Characters of All Time, and Shalhoub has won various awards for his portrayal, including a Golden Globe Award, three Primetime Emmy Awards and two Screen Actors Guild Awards. Monk was originally envisioned as a \\\"more goofy and physical\\\" Inspector Clouseau type of character. However, co-creator David Hoberman came up with the idea of a detective with obsessive–compulsive personality disorder. This was inspired by his own bout with self-diagnosed obsessive–compulsive disorder; in a \\\"Pittsburgh Post-Gazette\\\" interview, he stated that, \\\"Like Monk, I couldn't walk on cracks and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2485918\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anti-Catholicism in literature and media\",\n \"text\": \"cases. Anti-Catholic stereotypes are a long-standing feature of English literature, popular fiction, and even pornography. Gothic fiction is particularly rich in this regard. Lustful priests, cruel abbesses, immured nuns, and sadistic inquisitors appear in such works as \\\"The Italian\\\" by Ann Radcliffe, \\\"The Monk\\\" by Matthew Lewis, \\\"Melmoth the Wanderer\\\" by Charles Maturin and \\\"The Pit and the Pendulum\\\" by Edgar Allan Poe. Such gothic fiction may have inspired Rebecca Reed's \\\"Six Months in a Convent\\\" which describes her alleged captivity by an Ursuline order near Boston in 1832. Reed's claims inspired an angry mob to burn down the convent,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13706075\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monk (character class)\",\n \"text\": \"abilities are not traditional magic spells as would be gained from other similar character classes such as clerics and rangers (which also rely heavily on the wisdom attribute). Attacks by an unarmed monk are soon treated the same as a strike from a weapon with magical enhancements. Monks gain increased speed, attacks per round, high saving throws against special attacks, and immunities unique to the class as experience grows. Monks become increasingly difficult to hit because of their dexterity and armor class bonuses. Monks can gain high spell resistances, making them dangerous to mages, but, in some circumstances, can be\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4425336\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is Literature?\",\n \"text\": \"The art of writing is deeply linked to freedom and thus ventures into the fields of politics and democracy. The poet frees himself by disassociation, and the prose writer fulfills a duty to utilize language for the end of a conceived free society. What Is Literature? What Is Literature? (), also published as \\\"Literature and Existentialism\\\",) is an essay by French philosopher and novelist Jean-Paul Sartre, published by Gallimard in 1948. Initially published in freestanding essays across French literary journals \\\"Les Temps modernes\\\", \\\"Situations I\\\" and \\\"Situations II\\\", essays \\\"What is Writing?\\\" and \\\"Why Write?\\\" were translated into English and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5919707\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monk (TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"do not contain a summation. The first episode not to feature a summation was the season one episode \\\"Mr. Monk and the Airplane.\\\" According to an interview with executive producer David Hoberman, ABC first conceived the series as a police show with an Inspector Clouseau-like character suffering from obsessive–compulsive disorder. Hoberman said ABC wanted Michael Richards for the show, but Richards turned it down. Hoberman brought in Andy Breckman as creator, and Breckman, inspired by Sherlock Holmes, introduced Dr. Kroger as a Doctor Watson-like character and an Inspector Lestrade-like character which eventually became Captain Stottlemeyer. Although ABC originated the show,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2485844\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Monk by the Sea\",\n \"text\": \"of His creatures. In the abstract language of Rothko, such literal detail—a bridge of empathy between the real spectator and the presentation of a transcendental landscape—is no longer necessary; we ourselves are the monk before the sea, standing silently and contemplatively before these huge and soundless pictures as if we were looking at a sunset or a moonlit night.\\\" From the 1960s on, Gotthard Graubner's picture-size coloured cushions or \\\"color-space bodies\\\" were also inspired by Friedrich's \\\"The Monk by the Sea\\\". According to art historian Werner Hofmann, both Graubner and Friedrich created an aesthetics of monotony as a counterpart to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12701837\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Augustinian theodicy\",\n \"text\": \"Augustinian theodicy The Augustinian theodicy, named for the 4th- and 5th-century theologian, philosopher and (according to some Christian denominations) Saint Augustine of Hippo, is a type of Christian theodicy designed in response to the evidential problem of evil. As such, it attempts to explain the probability of an omnipotent (all-powerful) and omnibenevolent (all-good) God amid evidence of evil in the world. A number of variations of this kind of theodicy have been proposed throughout history; their similarities were first described by the 20th-century philosopher John Hick, who classified them as \\\"Augustinian\\\". They typically assert that God is perfectly (ideally) good;\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15895555\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Augustinian nuns in the Anglican Communion\",\n \"text\": \"Augustinian nuns in the Anglican Communion Augustinian nuns are named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430) and exist in the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches. In the Roman Catholic Church there are both enclosed monastic orders of women living according to a guide to religious life known as the \\\"Rule of St Augustine\\\", and also other independent Augustinian congregations living in the spirit of this rule (see Augustinian nuns). In the Anglican Communion, there is no single \\\"Order of St Augustine\\\", but a number of Augustinian congregations of sisters living according to the \\\"Rule of St Augustine\\\". Although\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16556734\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Augustinian nuns\",\n \"text\": \"Augustinian nuns Augustinian nuns are the most ancient and continuous segment of the Roman Catholic Augustinian religious order under the canons of contemporary historical method. The Augustinian nuns, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430), are several Roman Catholic enclosed monastic orders of women living according to a guide to religious life known as the Rule of St. Augustine. Prominent Augustinian nuns include Italian composer Vittoria Aleotti, Italian mystic St. Clare of Montefalco, German mystic Anne Catherine Emmerich and St. Rita of Cascia. Though Augustine of Hippo probably didn't compose a formal monastic rule (despite the extant Augustinian\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8357094\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alonso de Ojeda\",\n \"text\": \"Alonso de Ojeda Alonso de Ojeda (Torrejoncillo del Rey, Cuenca 1468 (some sources state 1466) – Santo Domingo 1515) was a Spanish navigator, governor and conquistador. He travelled through Guyana, Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago, Curaçao, Aruba and Colombia. He is famous for having named \\\"Venezuela\\\", which he explored during his first two expeditions, for having been the first European to visit Guyana, Colombia, and Lake Maracaibo, and later for founding Santa Cruz (La Guairita). He was born in Torrejoncillo del Rey (Cuenca) around 1468 (some authors claim 1466) to an impoverished noble family. He grew up in Ojeda, near Cristian Garrido\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3337095\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monk (character class)\",\n \"text\": \"the ground and cause enemies to forget about his presence, or in MMORPG terms, lose aggro. This technique is useful for pulling, or bringing monsters to a party of player characters to be killed. The monk class also has the capability to mend wounds, which can heal a quarter of his or her total hit points or an ally's. \\\"\\\" was created by the same executive producer as \\\"EverQuest\\\", and so \\\"Vanguard\\\" Monks share many of the qualities as the \\\"EverQuest\\\" Monk. In addition, \\\"Vanguard\\\" adds a healer class called the Disciple, which is similar to a Monk who also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4425339\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Augustinian nuns in the Anglican Communion\",\n \"text\": \"in many female monasteries. There has been a long tradition of independence within the Augustinian movement and this has led to differences in rule, dress, and mode of life between different Augustinian congregations. The following congregations, societies, or communities of sisters follow the Rule of St Augustine within the Anglican tradition: Augustinian nuns in the Anglican Communion Augustinian nuns are named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430) and exist in the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches. In the Roman Catholic Church there are both enclosed monastic orders of women living according to a guide to religious life known\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16556736\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Augustinian theodicy\",\n \"text\": \"argument placed sin in the human will, which was corrupted by Adam's original sin. He argued that the logic behind Augustine's theodicy described sin as inevitable but unnecessary, which he believed captured the argument without relying on a literal interpretation of the fall, thus avoiding critique from scientific positions. Augustinian theodicy The Augustinian theodicy, named for the 4th- and 5th-century theologian, philosopher and (according to some Christian denominations) Saint Augustine of Hippo, is a type of Christian theodicy designed in response to the evidential problem of evil. As such, it attempts to explain the probability of an omnipotent (all-powerful) and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15895587\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Made Milwaukee Famous (band)\",\n \"text\": \"What Made Milwaukee Famous (band) What Made Milwaukee Famous (WMMF) is an indie rock band from Austin, Texas. In 2005, WMMF performed for Austin City Limits with Franz Ferdinand, making them one of the only unsigned bands to play for the show in its 43-year history. In 2006, the band signed with Barsuk Records, which re-released their 2004 debut album, \\\"Trying to Never Catch Up\\\". Their second album, \\\"What Doesn't Kill Us\\\", was released on March 4, 2008. Since forming, the band has played at the South by Southwest music festival, the Austin City Limits Festival, and Lollapalooza. They have\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9692481\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Axel Alonso\",\n \"text\": \"Alonso is also credited with bringing crime writers to work on Marvel titles, such as Duane Swierczynski and Victor Gischler. Alonso edited stories featuring the Western character Rawhide Kid, the first of which was the 2003 biweekly Marvel Max miniseries \\\"Rawhide: Slap Leather\\\" by Ron Zimmerman and John Severin, which drew controversy for its depiction of the titular character as a homosexual, albeit through the use of innuendo in the book's design and dialogue. The series was labeled with a \\\"Parental Advisory Explicit Content\\\" warning on the cover. Alonso stated of the miniseries, \\\"We thought it would be interesting to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8730924\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dora Alonso\",\n \"text\": \"Dora Alonso Dora Alonso (born Doralina de la Caridad Alonso-Perez on December 22, 1910 in Maximo Gomez, Matanzas, Cuba – March 21, 2001 in Cuba) was a Cuban journalist and writer who worked in both print and radio. She wrote novels, short stories, poetry, theater and children's literature. She was also a radio and television script writer and a war correspondent. Dora Alonso was born in Máximo Gómez, Matanzas, Cuba on December 22, 1910, to Adela Pérez de Corcho Rodríguez and David Alonso Fernández. Her first poem, \\\"Amor\\\", appeared in the newspaper \\\"El Mundo\\\". In 1933 she became a correspondent\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9950430\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Axel Alonso\",\n \"text\": \"of these of controversies, Marvel announced Alonso's replacement as Editor-in-Chief by C.B. Cebulski. No reason, however, was given for Alonso's departure or future career plans, though Marvel indicated that Alonso's departure was mutual. In a statement on Twitter, Marvel stated, \\\"Axel Alonso leaves an incredible mark at Marvel. His vision shaped some of our most iconic Super Heroes and stories. We wish him the best.\\\" Alonso and his wife have a son named Tito who was 11 as of March 2014. Axel Alonso Axel Alonso () is an American comic book creator and former journalist, best known as the former\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8730929\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Samson in rabbinic literature\",\n \"text\": \"the Talmud (B. B. l.c.), which gives the name of his mother, and states that he had a sister also, named \\\"Nishyan\\\" or \\\"Nashyan\\\" (variant reading, this apparently is the meaning of the passage in question, despite the somewhat unsatisfactory explanation of Rashi). Samson in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical character Samson, the ancient Israelite hero who fought the Philistines with supernatural strength, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. Samson is identified with Bedan (I Sam. xii. 11); he was called \\\"Bedan\\\" because he was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10323736\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Job in rabbinic literature\",\n \"text\": \"Job in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical character Job, the object of sufferings and tribulations in the Book of Job, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. Owing to the importance of the \\\"Book of Job\\\", the Talmudists occupied themselves frequently with its chief character. One of the amoraim expressed his opinion in the presence of Samuel ben Nahmani that Job never existed and that the whole story was a fable. An opinion couched in similar words and pronounced by Simeon ben Lakish was interpreted to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10324400\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Monk by the Sea\",\n \"text\": \"has no foreground except the frame, when viewing it, it is as if one's eyelids had been cut away.\\\" The painting was too minimalist for Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, who had been a supporter of Friedrich by introducing his work to the duke of Weimar and gaining prizes for him at an 1805 exhibition. Goethe said the painting \\\"could be looked at standing on one's head\\\", making a criticism that would be levied against abstract artists a century later. \\\"The Monk by the Sea\\\" inspired responses from painters like Gustave Courbet and James Abbott McNeill Whistler later in the 19th\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12701834\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Music Inspired by The Story\",\n \"text\": \"Music Inspired by The Story Music Inspired by The Story is a 2011 compilation album of songs by various Contemporary Christian Music artists. The songs were inspired by scripture passages found in The Bible; it is included in a series with books by Max Lucado and Randy Frazee. The album was named the Special Event Album of the Year at the 43rd GMA Dove Awards. The album was written by Nichole Nordeman and composer Bernie Herms. The songs were written in the first-person perspective of people in the Bible. Nordeman was taking a hiatus from the music industry as she\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19155426\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Adrian Monk\",\n \"text\": \"fan and Trudy as his biggest. Critical reviews of character Adrian Monk have been positive. Howard Rosenberg of the \\\"Los Angeles Times\\\" called Monk \\\"TV's most original sleuth ever\\\". In a review of the show's pilot, Tim Goodman of the \\\"San Francisco Chronicle\\\" stated: \\\"With his history and his sympathetic but funny 'problems', he [Monk] becomes one of television's most likable characters and floats a show that is, to be frank, riddled with improbability and simplicity\\\". Monk is ranked number 99 on Bravo's list of The 100 Greatest Television Characters of All Time. He was named one of TV's Smartest\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2485942\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Independent Augustinian communities\",\n \"text\": \"establishment of the Order. The Dominicans in 1216 formally adopted the Augustinian Rule. Not an historical offshoot, but following the Augustinian Rule, this institute was founded by the Portuguese Saint John of God in Spain during the 16th century. They conduct 231 health care and social welfare services throughout the world and are the official health care providers to the Pope. Independent Augustinian communities Independent Augustinian communities are Roman Catholic religious communities that follow the Augustinian Rule, but are not under the jurisdiction of the Prior General of the Augustinian hermits in Rome. They include the Augustinian nuns, the Canons\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8214971\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dámaso Alonso\",\n \"text\": \"literary magazines \\\"Revista de Occidente\\\" ('Western Review') and \\\"Los Cuatro Vientos\\\" ('The Four Winds'). Alonso was to become an academic of great renown: he taught Spanish language and literature at several foreign universities, including the University of Oxford and took up a Chair at the University of Valencia between 1933 and 1939 before moving to the University of Madrid. He was elected to the Real Academia Española in 1945 and served as its Director between 1968 and 1982, when he was named Director Emeritus. Alonso's literary career can essentially be split into two convenient blocks. As a poet his early\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4035957\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alonso Guerrero Pérez\",\n \"text\": \"10-year courtship. They divorced in 1999. Alonso Guerrero Pérez Alonso Guerrero Pérez (Mérida (Badajoz), 12th of November 1962) is Spanish writer and professor. He wrote essay, literature criticism and journalism. He live in Almendralejo (Badajoz), studis in university and became professor in high-school. He was awarded some literature prizes. In 1982 prestigious \\\"Premio Felipe Trigo\\\" from Villanueva de la Serena (Badajoz) with \\\"Tricotomía\\\", and in 1987 \\\"Premio Navarra de Novela\\\" with \\\"Los años imaginarios\\\". On 7th of August of 1998 Alonso Guerrero married Letizia Ortiz, which will be Princess Letizia and then Queen of Spain, in a simple civil ceremony\",\n \"psg_id\": \"21013290\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alonso Guerrero Pérez\",\n \"text\": \"Alonso Guerrero Pérez Alonso Guerrero Pérez (Mérida (Badajoz), 12th of November 1962) is Spanish writer and professor. He wrote essay, literature criticism and journalism. He live in Almendralejo (Badajoz), studis in university and became professor in high-school. He was awarded some literature prizes. In 1982 prestigious \\\"Premio Felipe Trigo\\\" from Villanueva de la Serena (Badajoz) with \\\"Tricotomía\\\", and in 1987 \\\"Premio Navarra de Novela\\\" with \\\"Los años imaginarios\\\". On 7th of August of 1998 Alonso Guerrero married Letizia Ortiz, which will be Princess Letizia and then Queen of Spain, in a simple civil ceremony at Almendralejo, in Badajoz, after a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"21013289\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Voyage: Inspired by Jules Verne\",\n \"text\": \"moon in which he must prepare himself for a lunar landing. Once Ardan successfully lands the shell on the moon, he must solve a series of puzzles on the surface in order to gain access to the hidden civilization below. There he encounters the Selenite race. Following this, Ardan focusses on finding a way to leave the moon and report his findings to Earth. After acquiring what he needs, Ardan travels back to Earth in the shell. He lands in the ocean and manages to swim to a nearby island, where he meets another famous Jules Verne character, Captain Nemo.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5726694\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alonso Valiente\",\n \"text\": \"referred to the Holy Inquisition for having said that mere fornication was not a mortal sin. He was present in the marriage of Juan Jaramillo and Doña Marina, and was a witness in the marriage of María Jaramillo and Luis de Quesada in 1546. Together with Juan Altamirano, Alonso Valiente stayed in Mexico during Cortés' first trip to Spain. Both Altamirano and Valiente functioned as Hernán Cortés' legal representatives during his absence from Mexico. Alonso Valiente had a second wife named Melchora de Aberrucia, with whom he had no children. He lived with her in what is now the city\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14813849\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Works inspired by The Magic Flute\",\n \"text\": \"Works inspired by The Magic Flute \\\"The Magic Flute\\\", an opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart with libretto by Emanuel Schikaneder, was composed in 1791 and premiered to great success. It has been an important part of the operatic repertory ever since, and has inspired a great number of sequels, adaptations, novels, films, artwork, and musical compositions. There are two sequels named \\\"The Magic Flute Part Two\\\". The first is a fragment by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, which was intended to be set to music by Paul Wranitzky. The second was sponsored by Emanuel Schikaneder himself, the opera, \\\"Das Labyrinth oder\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19530502\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anabel Alonso\",\n \"text\": \"lesbian character going against conventional stereotypes in prime time television led to Alonso becoming a gay icon. As \\\"7 Vidas\\\" was a show known for introducing current (mostly Spanish-related, but not exclusively) topics in a comedy key, the character of Diana dealt with issues such as same-sex marriage or adoption by same-sex couples (including a powerful speech in one episode against people who reject gay adoption). Diana came across as a funny, klutzy, very sexual character, and was one of the longest-standing characters of the show. Another well-known role of Alonso is her successful portrayal of the fish Dory in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9627765\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Axel Alonso\",\n \"text\": \"acclaimed run on the title, which began in 2003. It was also in 2001 that Alonso helped to create the a Marvel MAX line for mature readers. In 2002, Alonso, then a senior editor, had lured Frank Cho to Marvel on the basis of Cho's comic strip series \\\"Liberty Meadows\\\". Alonso approached Cho to revamp the third-string character Shanna the She-Devil, a scantily clad jungle girl whom Cho recast in a seven-issue, 2005 miniseries as an Amazonian naïf, the product of a Nazi experiment with the power to kill dinosaurs with her bare hands but an unpredictable lack of morality.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8730923\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Was Missing\",\n \"text\": \"inspired by an incident that Sugar had experienced with a former roommate. Although the two often fought, Sugar desperately wanted them to be friends despite not particularly liking her. Sugar transferred this situation onto Marceline, writing the song so that Marceline—while having issues with Princess Bubblegum—wanted to become her friend. \\\"My Best Friends in the World\\\" was written by Sugar as a celebration of the friendship she shared with her coworkers, especially her storyboarding partner, Muto. Ward later admitted on the commentary track for \\\"What Was Missing\\\" that, while he was editing the animatic for the episode, he started to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16566920\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Made Milwaukee Famous (band)\",\n \"text\": \"opened for The Smashing Pumpkins, Arcade Fire, The Black Keys, and Snow Patrol. WMMF has been featured on spots in \\\"Billboard\\\" and Rolling Stone bands-to-watch lists. The band's name comes from Jerry Lee Lewis's \\\"What's Made Milwaukee Famous (Has Made a Loser Out of Me)\\\". What Made Milwaukee Famous (band) What Made Milwaukee Famous (WMMF) is an indie rock band from Austin, Texas. In 2005, WMMF performed for Austin City Limits with Franz Ferdinand, making them one of the only unsigned bands to play for the show in its 43-year history. In 2006, the band signed with Barsuk Records, which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9692482\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alonso de Mendoza\",\n \"text\": \"he founded the city, known then by the natives as Churupampa (Field of Shells). Part of downtown La Paz, its current name is Plaza Alonso de Mendoza. – In La Garrovilla (Badajoz), the main plaza is called Alonso de Mendoza. – The town of Garrovillas (Cáceres) has named a street \\\"Capitán Mendoza\\\" after him. – In 2003, a Metro station (Line 12) in Madrid, Spain, was named after Captain Alonso de Mendoza. Alonso de Mendoza Alonso de Mendoza (Garrovillas de Alconétar, Spain, c. 1471–1476 – Tipuani, Bolivia, 1549) was a Spanish captain, conquistador, and the founder of the city of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13959402\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Works inspired by The Magic Flute\",\n \"text\": \"Der Kampf mit den Elementen\\\" (The Labyrinth or The Struggle with the Elements), a Singspiel in two acts composed in 1798 by Peter von Winter to a German libretto by Schikaneder. Works inspired by The Magic Flute \\\"The Magic Flute\\\", an opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart with libretto by Emanuel Schikaneder, was composed in 1791 and premiered to great success. It has been an important part of the operatic repertory ever since, and has inspired a great number of sequels, adaptations, novels, films, artwork, and musical compositions. There are two sequels named \\\"The Magic Flute Part Two\\\". The first is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19530503\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Silver Monk Time\",\n \"text\": \"had initiated work on what was supposed to be their second LP. One beat accompanied by one continuous feedback was supposed to have spread out on two LP sides that would be known by the title \\\"Silver Monk Time\\\". For the new \\\"Silver Monk Time\\\" it was decided no to do a standard tribute record by just having the original songs covered. The participating 29 bands were explicitly asked to experiment with the Monks concept. Famous German electronic avant-garde band Mouse on Mars wrote in the detailed booklet to the record: \\\"Mouse on Mars have tried to prove that after\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11956571\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kiko Alonso\",\n \"text\": \"all players in 2013, behind Vontaze Burfict and Paul Posluszny. Alonso was the only defensive player nominated for PFWA Rookie of the Year in 2013. On January 14, 2014, Alonso was named PFWA Defensive Rookie of the Year. Alonso was also named to the NFL's All-Under-25 Team for 2014. Bills General Manager Doug Whaley announced that Alonso would be shifted to the weakside linebacker position for the 2014–15 NFL season. Shortly after however, Alonso tore his ACL while working out in Oregon and missed the entire 2014 season, as a seven to nine-month recovery was expected. On August 26, 2014,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17069454\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"José Antonio Alonso Navarro\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"CUM LAUDE\\\" accolade. On 21 March 2017 Mr Nick White, Deputy Head of Mission and Chargé d´Affaires at the British Embassy of Asuncion, Paraguay, awarded Doctor José Antonio Alonso Navarro, Phd, a Certificate of Honor on behalf of the British Ambassador in Asuncion, Doctor Jeremy Hobbs, Phd, due to his outstanding contribution to the translation and spread of Medieval English Literature in both Spain and Paraguay for almost 20 years. José Antonio Alonso Navarro José Antonio Alonso Navarro is a philologist, university professor of English and English literature, and European literature in general. In addition, he is a medievalist, a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19327189\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monk Metcalf\",\n \"text\": \"Monk Metcalf Monk Metcalf is a fictional character on the HBO drama series \\\"The Wire\\\", portrayed by Kwame Patterson. Monk is a lieutenant in the Stanfield organization, and probably the third most recognized leader of the Stanfield Organization. Monk is shown throughout the series in dual roles as both an occasional enforcer but mostly as the organization's drug supply-coordinator. In contrast to Snoop or Chris, Monk was tasked by Marlo with non-combative goals, such as handing out money to school children to enhance Marlo's street reputation, and keeping crew chiefs organized. Monk is also responsible for all phone activity in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17219107\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kiko Alonso\",\n \"text\": \"and recorded 115 combined tackles (79 solo), one pass deflection, and one sack. Alonso was named the starting strongside linebacker to begin the regular season in 2018. He started alongside rookie starting weakside linebacker Jerome Baker and middle linebacker Raekwon McMillan. In Week 2, Alonso collected a season-high 13 solo tackles in the Dolphins’ 20–12 win at the New York Jets. The following week, Alonso made 15 combined tackles (seven solo) during a 28–2 victory against the Oakland Raiders in Week 3. Kiko Alonso Kristian \\\"Kiko\\\" Alonso (born August 14, 1990) is an American football linebacker for the Miami Dolphins\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17069461\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alonso de Maldonado\",\n \"text\": \"were to enter into force in the Spanish dominions in the New World. These were intended to alleviate the plight of the Indigenous, but there was strong opposition to them among the Spanish holders of encomiendas. Maldonado did not enforce them in Guatemala. The New Laws were inspired largely by Las Casas, and because of Maldonado's noncooperation, Las Casas secured his replacement as governor by Alonso López Cerrato in 1548. In 1547 he traveled to Nicaragua to recruit soldiers for the army. Alonso de Maldonado Alonso de Maldonado Diez de Ledesma (1480 Salamanca, Spain- ), was a Spanish lawyer and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8624881\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alonso Sánchez\",\n \"text\": \"Alonso Sánchez Alonso Sánchez (with full name Alonso Sánchez de Huelva) was a fifteenth-century mariner and merchant born in Huelva, Spain, on Andalusia's Atlantic coast. Legend has it that he was a mariner who reached America several years before Christopher Columbus did. After the discovery of America several rumors started to spread especially among the conquistadores, claiming that America had not been discovered by Columbus, but that its existence was known at least 20 years before 1492. Bartolomé de las Casas had indeed heard several of those claims, but limited himself to record them. The most famous of those accounts\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9891231\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alonso Valiente\",\n \"text\": \"death, the house was taken over by Valiente's widow and second wife, Melchora de Aberrucia. She remarried with Rodrigo de Vivero y Velasco, a relative of Luis de Velasco, the second Viceroy of New Spain. Their son, Rodrigo de Vivero y Aberrucia, became the first Count of the Valley of Orizaba. Since then, the house has been popularly known as La Casa del Conde (the count's house). The Spanish comic book series of 1957 Capitán Valiente (the brave captain), illustrated by Manuel Gago García, with dialogues by Pedro Quesada, was loosely based on Alonso Valiente's character. Alonso Valiente Alonso Valiente\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14813852\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alonso (crater)\",\n \"text\": \"north and further south is Miranda's South Pole, the Prime Meridan is not far towards the east. Alonso (crater) Alonso is one of the largest craters in the southern hemisphere of Miranda, a moon of Uranus, located at 44° S, 352.6 ° E, and is in Dunsinane Region. It has a diameter of . The crater is named after Alonso, King of Naples, one of the characters in Shakespeare's \\\"The Tempest\\\". As with Miranda's Southern Hemisphere, the area was discovered by Voyager 2 in 1986 and later was officially named by the IAU in 1988. Just west is Inverness Corona\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20621826\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alonso (crater)\",\n \"text\": \"Alonso (crater) Alonso is one of the largest craters in the southern hemisphere of Miranda, a moon of Uranus, located at 44° S, 352.6 ° E, and is in Dunsinane Region. It has a diameter of . The crater is named after Alonso, King of Naples, one of the characters in Shakespeare's \\\"The Tempest\\\". As with Miranda's Southern Hemisphere, the area was discovered by Voyager 2 in 1986 and later was officially named by the IAU in 1988. Just west is Inverness Corona which has a features of groove terrain which includes the \\\"Chevron\\\" portion. Verona Rupes is to the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20621825\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mr. Monk Gets Jury Duty\",\n \"text\": \"from the opening Chinatown chase scene, which was shot on-location in November 2005 in San Francisco. Because of the opportunity to film on-location, the opening scene was re-written. The jury subplot was heavily inspired by the 1957 film \\\"12 Angry Men\\\". For example, Juror No. 4 Mr. Cobb was named after Lee J. Cobb (Juror No. 3 in the film), while the panning shot of the jury room was inspired by an identical shot toward the end of \\\"12 Angry Men\\\". \\\"Mr. Monk Gets Jury Duty\\\" was first broadcast in the United States on the USA Network at 10 pm\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9911279\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sea monk\",\n \"text\": \"Sea monk The sea monk (also monk-fish or monkfish) was a sea creature found off the eastern coast of the Danish island of Zealand in 1546. It was described as a \\\"fish\\\" that looked superficially like a monk. The most recent study concluded that the animal was most likely an angelshark. Early sources described the sea monk as a \\\"fish\\\" that looked superficially like a monk, and was mentioned and pictured in the fourth volume of Conrad Gesner's famous \\\"Historia Animalium\\\". Gesner also referenced a similar monster found in the Firth of Forth after Boethius. The sea monk was subsequently\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3732546\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alberto Alonso\",\n \"text\": \"Alberto Alonso Alberto Julio Rayneri Alonso (22 May 1917 – 31 December 2007) was a Cuban dancer and choreographer, the brother of Fernando Alonso and brother-in-law of Alicia Alonso (née Martinez). Alonso was influential in the development of what is known as the Cuban style of ballet, a combination of Russian and Western techniques with a Latin style. Alonso was born in Havana, and attended Springhill College in Mobile, Alabama. At his return to Cuba he began ballet training in 1932 at the \\\"Sociedad Pro-Arte Musical\\\" arts school in Havana with Nikolai Yavorsky. He studied in Paris with several teachers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11974781\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Osvaldo Alonso\",\n \"text\": \"volley against Cal FC on June 5. For the season he totaled five goals and five assists while leading the team with 42 starts and 3,749 minutes across all competitions. In 2013, Alonso was named an inactive MLS All-Star, earning his third All-Star selection in his five-year MLS career. After missing games in both the 2014 and 2015 MLS Cup Playoffs, Alonso was being actively shopped around the league by the Seattle Sounders front office due to durability concerns before the start of the 2016 MLS season. A trade did not materialize, and Alonso went on to make 38 league\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12195120\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dom Pérignon (monk)\",\n \"text\": \"Dom Pérignon (monk) Dom Pierre Pérignon, O.S.B., (December 163814 September 1715) was a French Benedictine monk who made important contributions to the production and quality of champagne wine in an era when the region's wines were predominantly still red. Popular myths frequently, but erroneously, credit him with the invention of sparkling champagne, which didn't become the dominant style of Champagne until the mid-19th century. The famous champagne Dom Pérignon, the prestige cuvée of Moët & Chandon, is named for him. The remains of the monastery where he spent his adult life is now the property of that winery. Pérignon was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1771321\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alberto Alonso\",\n \"text\": \"Dance Theater of Santa Fe. He continued choreographing for several companies including New York's Ballet Hispanico in 1994, and re-creating Carmen for Svetlana Zakharova in the Bolshoi Ballet in 2005. Alonso died from heart failure in his adopted hometown of Gainesville, Florida, at age 90. Alberto Alonso Alberto Julio Rayneri Alonso (22 May 1917 – 31 December 2007) was a Cuban dancer and choreographer, the brother of Fernando Alonso and brother-in-law of Alicia Alonso (née Martinez). Alonso was influential in the development of what is known as the Cuban style of ballet, a combination of Russian and Western techniques with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11974785\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kiko Alonso\",\n \"text\": \"2013, Alonso made five combined tackles and intercepted two passes by Ravens’ quarterback Joe Flacco in a 23–20 win against the Baltimore Ravens in Week 4. On October 3, 2013, Alonso was named the NFL Defensive Rookie of the Month for the month of September. In Week 6, Alonso recorded a season-high 22 combined tackles (nine solo) during a 27–24 loss against the Cincinnati Bengals. Alonso started in all 16 games as a rookie in 2013 and recorded 159 combined tackles, four interceptions, four pass deflections, two sacks, and one forced fumble. Alonso finished with the third most tackles among\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17069453\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Monk (Doctor Who)\",\n \"text\": \"The Monk (Doctor Who) The Monk is a fictional character in the British science fiction television series \\\"Doctor Who\\\". Played by the British actor Peter Butterworth, the character appeared in two stories, \\\"The Time Meddler\\\" and \\\"The Daleks' Master Plan\\\", as an adversary of the First Doctor. They were written and co-written respectively by Dennis Spooner. Other than the Doctor and Susan, the Monk was the first member of the Doctor's species to appear in the programme, and the second \\\"Doctor Who\\\" villain (after the Daleks) to make a return appearance. The Monk was the possessor of a stolen Mark\",\n \"psg_id\": \"829790\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monk (comics)\",\n \"text\": \"hopes to become one so she can serve as Niccolai's right hand. Monk (comics) The Monk, also known as Mad Monk, is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly as an adversary of the superhero Batman. The character first appeared in \\\"Detective Comics\\\" #31 (September 1939) and was created by Gardner Fox, Bob Kane, and Sheldon Moldof. The Monk made his first appearance in \\\"Detective Comics\\\" #31 (September 1939) and was created by Gardner Fox, Bob Kane, and Sheldon Moldof. He is one of the earliest significant villains of the \\\"Detective Comics\\\" series, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7320311\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monk (comics)\",\n \"text\": \"Monk (comics) The Monk, also known as Mad Monk, is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly as an adversary of the superhero Batman. The character first appeared in \\\"Detective Comics\\\" #31 (September 1939) and was created by Gardner Fox, Bob Kane, and Sheldon Moldof. The Monk made his first appearance in \\\"Detective Comics\\\" #31 (September 1939) and was created by Gardner Fox, Bob Kane, and Sheldon Moldof. He is one of the earliest significant villains of the \\\"Detective Comics\\\" series, and his battle with Batman is one of the Dark Knight's first multi-part\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7320302\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Carlism in literature\",\n \"text\": \"as expected by the regime. An infantile version of wartime literature was a Carlist review \\\"\\\". The Spanish Civil War triggered massive literary response abroad, yet most authors ignore Carlist threads; they are absent either in well-known works like \\\"The Confidential Agent\\\" by Graham Greene (1939) and \\\"L’Espoir\\\" by André Malraux (1945), or in most minor pieces. Definitely the most famous literary work written during or shortly after the Spanish Civil War, \\\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\\\" of Ernest Hemingway (1940), is only marginally related to the Carlist theme. A minor character lieutenant Paco Berrendo does not resemble a typical\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20248253\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Augustinian Friary of the Most Holy Trinity, Dublin\",\n \"text\": \"Augustinian Friary of the Most Holy Trinity, Dublin The Augustinian Friary of the Most Holy Trinity was an Augustinian (Order of Saint Augustine (mendicants)) Roman Catholic Priory, founded c. 1259, by the family of Talbot on the south bank of the River, in what is now Crow Street, Dublin. At the time the priory was built, it was just outside the city walls. The Friary most likely followed the design of the parent priory Clare Priory in the town of Clare, Suffolk (England). The Friary was suppressed in 1540 when it was described as a \\\"church with belfry, a hall\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17430343\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Noah in rabbinic literature\",\n \"text\": \"time of Noah was by no means the only flood with which this earth was visited. The first flood did its work of destruction as far as Jaffé, and the one of Noah's days extended to Barbary\\\".\\\" Noah in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical character Noah, who saved his family and representatives of all the animals from a great flood by constructing an ark, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. According to Midrash Agadah on Genesis v. 29, Noah obtained his name, which means \\\"rest,\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10239146\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Adam in rabbinic literature\",\n \"text\": \"Adam in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical figure Adam, created according to the Book of Genesis by God in the Garden of Eden as the first man, expand and elaborate and draw inferences from what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. While the generic character that the name of Adam has in the older parts of Scripture, where it appears with the article (\\\"the man\\\"), was gradually lost sight of, his typical character as the representative of the unity of mankind was constantly emphasized (compare Talmud tractate Sanhedrin iv. 5; the correct reading\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10278323\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Xabi Alonso\",\n \"text\": \"his first FA Cup winners' medal. On 20 September 2006, Alonso scored what the BBC described as \\\"an outrageous strike\\\" from his own half in a 2–0 Premiership win against Newcastle United. Andy Hunter of \\\"The Independent\\\" described it as \\\"one of the most audacious goals in Anfield's rich 115-year history\\\". Alonso rebutted claims that his 70-yard goal was all down to luck and stated that he took long range shots as part of his training routine. Despite the similarity of the goals struck from inside his own half, Alonso was in no doubt which was his best. He said,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3802844\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bisexual literature\",\n \"text\": \"literary works, the recent catalyst of gay rights movements inspired a surge of more LGBT literature. Though most of these literary works focused on lesbian and gay relationships, bisexuality is slowly making a rise and becoming more visible in literature and individuals. One of the earliest know examples of bisexuality in literature is \\\"Fanny Hill\\\" by John Cleland. In the novel, titular character Fanny has \\\"exciting and satisfying sexual relations with other women as well as with men.\\\" During this time period, homosexuality was considered an action rather than part of an identity, and so instances of any homosexuality, including\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20570714\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alonso de Góngora Marmolejo\",\n \"text\": \"style, and is believed to have been inspired by the publication of Alonso de Ercilla's \\\"La Araucana\\\". Alonso de Góngora Marmolejo Alonso de Góngora Marmolejo (1523–1575) was a Spanish conquistador and chronicler of the early conquest and settlement of the Captaincy General of Chile, and the start of the Arauco War. Marmolejo was born in the town of Carmona, Andalucía, in 1523. He was the son of the regidor of the town, Juan Jiménez de Góngora Marmolejo and of Teresa Núñez de Tanfarva. In April 1551 he came as a soldier to Santiago, Chile and shortly after was transferred to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11548915\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jazz Suite Inspired by Dylan Thomas's \\\"Under Milk Wood\\\"\",\n \"text\": \"close rapport with tenorman Bobby Wellins do bring Thelonious Monk and Charlie Rouse to mind, but the cogent pungency of the compositions (in catchy mid-tempo tunes or in haunting ballads like ‘Starless and Bible Black’ and the title-track) is all his own\\\". In a series of articles for \\\"The Guardian\\\" newspaper titled \\\"50 great moments in jazz\\\", John Fordham wrote of the album: \\\"\\\"Under Milk Wood\\\" was an evocative collection of sparky themes inspired by the Dylan Thomas radio play (it's sometimes performed with a narrator reading the parts). And thanks to Tracey's sparing piano and Wellins's softly hooting sax,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19076044\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Carlos Alonso\",\n \"text\": \"went into exile in Italy, and in 1979, he moved to Madrid. He returned to Argentina two years later. The Bienal de Pintura Paloma Alonso. named in her honor, is a 1990 joint initiative of Alonso and Teresa Nachman. Alonso is the uncle of the chess grandmaster Salvador Alonso. Carlos Alonso Carlos Alonso (born Tunuyán, Mendoza, Argentina, 4 February 1929), is a contemporary Argentine painter, draftsman and printmaker. Though he was a Social realist in his early career, he is best known as a New realist. Beef is a common element in his work. Born in Tunuyán, where he lived\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14391427\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Odette Alonso\",\n \"text\": \"Odette Alonso Odette Alonso is a poet, storyteller, essayist, and promoter of Cuban literature. She has a degree in Philology. She currently lives in Mexico, where she has resided since 1992. Odette was born in Santiago de Cuba in 1964. She is a member of the Network of Female Latin American Writers ([http://www.wworld.org/about/affiliates/relat.htm <nowiki>Red de Escritoras Latinoamericas [RELAT]</nowiki>]), the Writers' and Artists' Union of Cuba (Unión de Escritores y Artistas de Cuba), and the Union of Women Writers of the Antilles (Unión de Mujeres Escritoras de las Antillas [UMEDA]). Currently, she is an editor of the Dirección de Publicaciones of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20095705\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Character blogging\",\n \"text\": \"character derives. Star Wars has brought about several of these, the most famous example being Master Yoda's Blog. Unofficial character blogs often are inspired by comic books, TV shows and movies. Fantasy Character Blogs - Some blog writers choose to create their own original character to blog as. Often they will be some kind of superhero type character, rather than just an ordinary person. An element of fantasy often exists, putting the character into one or many fantasy universes, even mixing them with established fictional universes from comic books, movies and television. This is common among role-players, particularly within the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13479227\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Callan Augustinian Friary\",\n \"text\": \"building with a central bell-tower. The east end or choir, is lit by a fine east window and in its south wall is one of the finest sedilia (a seat for officiating priests) in Ireland. The domestic buildings and the cloister court no longer survive. However, a freshwater well still remains on the grounds of the abbey. 'Callan Augustinian friary' (founded 1461-72), \\\"Monastic Ireland\\\", http://www.monastic.ie/history/callan-augustinian-friary/ Callan Augustinian Friary The Callan Augustinian Friary is an Augustinian friary situated in Callan, Co Kilkenny, Ireland. It is known locally as the \\\"Abbey Meadow\\\" and is located to the north-east of the town, on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10227118\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Augustinian nuns\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Sisters of St. Ignatius\\\" was introduced into the Philippines and South America by the Discalced Augustinian Hermits. They worked zealously in aid of the missions, schools and orphanages in the island, and founded the colleges of Our Lady of Consolation and of St. Anne at Manila, and houses at Neuva Segovia, Cebú and Mandaloya on the Pasig, where they have done much for the education of girls. Historically, the most important of the observant Augustinian congregations were the Spanish Augustinian tertiary nuns, founded in 1545 by Archbishop Thomas of Villanova at Valencia; the \\\"reformed\\\" Augustinian nuns who originated under the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8357101\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alonso Sánchez\",\n \"text\": \"claimed the account by Inca Garcilaso de la Vega to be true. In the city of Huelva, Sánchez's purported birthplace, there are a number of memorials to this little-known pioneering navigator. There is a statue of Alonso Sánchez in the city park that commemorates the voyages of Columbus, 12 October Park, it is a work of the sculptor León Ortega. There is also a smaller park in Huelva named for him, as well as a public high school. Alonso Sánchez Alonso Sánchez (with full name Alonso Sánchez de Huelva) was a fifteenth-century mariner and merchant born in Huelva, Spain, on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9891239\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Monk\",\n \"text\": \"attorney general of Quebec in 1776 serving until 1789 and then again from 1792 to 1794. In 1794 he was appointed Chief Justice of the King's Bench of Montreal. During his career Monk also served on Executive and Legislative Councils and Nova Scotia's Legislative Assembly. Monk was knighted in 1825 and in 1826, he would die at his home in Cheltenham, England at the age of 81. Monkland Avenue in Montreal is named for him. The Monk Metro Station and the Monk Boulevard are named for the Monk Family, especially Frederick D. Monk, an attorney who along with Joseph-Ulric Émard\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12020051\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Moses in rabbinic literature\",\n \"text\": \"on the mountain (ib.). Moses in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the biblical character Moses, who led the people of Israel out of Egypt and through their wanderings in the wilderness, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. Of all Biblical personages Moses has been chosen most frequently as the subject of later legends; and his life has been recounted in full detail in the poetic \\\"Aggadah\\\". As liberator, lawgiver, and leader of the Children of Israel which was transformed by him from an unorganized horde into a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10239780\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Moses in rabbinic literature\",\n \"text\": \"Moses in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the biblical character Moses, who led the people of Israel out of Egypt and through their wanderings in the wilderness, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. Of all Biblical personages Moses has been chosen most frequently as the subject of later legends; and his life has been recounted in full detail in the poetic \\\"Aggadah\\\". As liberator, lawgiver, and leader of the Children of Israel which was transformed by him from an unorganized horde into a nation, he occupies a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10239696\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Haman in rabbinic literature\",\n \"text\": \"Haman in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical character of Haman, the anti-Jewish villain of the Book of Esther, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. Haman is identified by the Talmudists with Memucan, the last of the seven princes \\\"which saw the king's face\\\" (Esth. i. 14), giving to \\\"Memucan\\\" the signification of \\\"prepared for punishment\\\" (Targum to Esth.; Talmud Meg. 12b). Haman was a direct descendant of Agag in the sixteenth generation and consequently an Amalekite (Targ. Sheni). The Septuagint, however, gives for \\\"ha-Agagi\\\" \\\"macedonian\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10245853\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dee Monk\",\n \"text\": \"Dee Monk Dee Monk was a Eurodance group from Belgrade which was popular in the 1990s in Serbia and Montenegro. However, this group has received even broader recognition, it became very famous in the region, especially in: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Macedonia, and the rest of the Balkans. Dee Monk has recorded only one album titled \\\"Samo zelim da znam\\\" (\\\"\\\"I just want to know\\\"\\\"). Their most famous hit was \\\"Samo zelim da znam\\\" (1994) which is listened to even now. Members of this group were Sasa Novaković and Alma. Dee Monk paused more years, and in 2010 returned to eurodance\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13727797\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Monk by the Sea\",\n \"text\": \"the aesthetics of variety that was predominant before the nineteenth century. The Monk by the Sea The Monk by the Sea () is an oil painting by the German Romantic artist Caspar David Friedrich. It was painted between 1808 and 1810 in Dresden and was first shown together with the painting \\\"The Abbey in the Oakwood\\\" (\\\"Abtei im Eichwald\\\") in the Berlin Academy exhibition of 1810. On Friedrich's request \\\"The Monk by the Sea\\\" was hung above \\\"The Abbey in the Oakwood\\\". After the exhibition both pictures were bought by king Frederick Wilhelm III for his collection. Today the paintings\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12701838\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Monk by the Sea\",\n \"text\": \"The Monk by the Sea The Monk by the Sea () is an oil painting by the German Romantic artist Caspar David Friedrich. It was painted between 1808 and 1810 in Dresden and was first shown together with the painting \\\"The Abbey in the Oakwood\\\" (\\\"Abtei im Eichwald\\\") in the Berlin Academy exhibition of 1810. On Friedrich's request \\\"The Monk by the Sea\\\" was hung above \\\"The Abbey in the Oakwood\\\". After the exhibition both pictures were bought by king Frederick Wilhelm III for his collection. Today the paintings hang side by side in the Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin. For its\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12701824\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monk (character class)\",\n \"text\": \"In \\\"World of Warcraft\\\", , , , , , , , , , , and can be as of expansion. Monks rely on bare-handed combat and use their weapons for a finishing strike. In the game \\\"EverQuest\\\", the monk class can be chosen only by the human, lizardman (Iksar), Froglok, or drakkin races. Monks have hand-to-hand combat skills, and can fight with or without weapons, using fists or staves, and able to use only leather armor and lighter because of their weight limit restriction. Monks gain the ability to feign death. This gives the Monk the ability to drop to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4425338\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Augustinian hypothesis\",\n \"text\": \"such as how reliable the early Christian tradition is, which gospel was written first, whether there were other unknown sources behind the gospels, to what extent, if any, the gospels were redacted, and to what extent the gospels were altered between the time they were originally written and the time the first surviving manuscripts appear. These and other matters are raised and alternate resolutions proposed by proponents of competing hypotheses, such as the Two-source hypothesis, its related Q hypothesis, the Farrer hypothesis, and others. The main two areas of contention within the Augustinian community are whether Matthew was originally written\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5925958\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["alonso quijano","don chisciotte","don kihot","don quichotte de cervantes","benengeli","don qvixote de la mancha","el ingenioso hidalgo don quixote de la mancha","el quijote","the ingenious hidalgo don quixote of la mancha","el ingenioso hidalgo don quixote de la mancha","don quijote","el ingenioso hidalgo don quijote de la mancha","don kichote","el ingenioso hidalgo don quijote de la mancha","quixotan","el ingenioso hidalgo don quixote de la mancha","don quixote (title character)","el ngenioso hidalgo don quixote de la mancha","don quixote de la mancha","the history of don quixote de le mancha","alonso quixano","en ingenioso hidalgo don quixote de la mancha","alonzo quijana","don quixote de la mancha","quijote","el ingenioso hidalgo don quijote de la mancha","el ingenioso hidalgo don qvixote de la mancha","don quijote de la mancha","alonzo quijano","el ingenioso hidalgo don quixote de la mancha","don quixote","quixote","knight of the white moon","the history of don quixote de la mancha","el ingenioso hidalgo don quijote de la mancha","don quichote","quixotian","don quiote","don qixote","el ingenioso hidalgo don quixote de la mancha","alonso quijana","don qvixote","don quixote","el ingenioso hidalgo don quijote de la mancha","don quichotte de la manche"],"string":"[\n \"alonso quijano\",\n \"don chisciotte\",\n \"don kihot\",\n \"don quichotte de cervantes\",\n \"benengeli\",\n \"don qvixote de la mancha\",\n \"el ingenioso hidalgo don quixote de la mancha\",\n \"el quijote\",\n \"the ingenious hidalgo don quixote of la mancha\",\n \"el ingenioso hidalgo don quixote de la mancha\",\n \"don quijote\",\n \"el ingenioso hidalgo don quijote de la mancha\",\n \"don kichote\",\n \"el ingenioso hidalgo don quijote de la mancha\",\n \"quixotan\",\n \"el ingenioso hidalgo don quixote de la mancha\",\n \"don quixote (title character)\",\n \"el ngenioso hidalgo don quixote de la mancha\",\n \"don quixote de la mancha\",\n \"the history of don quixote de le mancha\",\n \"alonso quixano\",\n \"en ingenioso hidalgo don quixote de la mancha\",\n \"alonzo quijana\",\n \"don quixote de la mancha\",\n \"quijote\",\n \"el ingenioso hidalgo don quijote de la mancha\",\n \"el ingenioso hidalgo don qvixote de la mancha\",\n \"don quijote de la mancha\",\n \"alonzo quijano\",\n \"el ingenioso hidalgo don quixote de la mancha\",\n \"don quixote\",\n \"quixote\",\n \"knight of the white moon\",\n \"the history of don quixote de la mancha\",\n \"el ingenioso hidalgo don quijote de la mancha\",\n \"don quichote\",\n \"quixotian\",\n \"don quiote\",\n \"don qixote\",\n \"el ingenioso hidalgo don quixote de la mancha\",\n \"alonso quijana\",\n \"don qvixote\",\n \"don quixote\",\n \"el ingenioso hidalgo don quijote de la mancha\",\n \"don quichotte de la manche\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":295,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"the title of what poetic drama by robert browning was used to name a kentucky town?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Pippa Passes","text":"in His heaven—All's right with the world!\" The town of Pippa Passes, Kentucky, is formally named after the poem thanks to a grant from the Browning Society. In the Israeli playwright Nissim Aloni play \"Napoleon – dead or alive!\" (1970) there is a character named Pippa, who acts as the secretary of the VIP department in the afterworld. Aloni refers to Browning also in his play The American Princess. Pippa Passes Pippa Passes is a verse drama by Robert Browning. It was published in 1841 as the first volume of his \"Bells and Pomegranates\" series, in a low-priced two-column edition","psg_id":"3814297"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Pippa Passes\",\n \"text\": \"in His heaven—All's right with the world!\\\" The town of Pippa Passes, Kentucky, is formally named after the poem thanks to a grant from the Browning Society. In the Israeli playwright Nissim Aloni play \\\"Napoleon – dead or alive!\\\" (1970) there is a character named Pippa, who acts as the secretary of the VIP department in the afterworld. Aloni refers to Browning also in his play The American Princess. Pippa Passes Pippa Passes is a verse drama by Robert Browning. It was published in 1841 as the first volume of his \\\"Bells and Pomegranates\\\" series, in a low-priced two-column edition\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3814297\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Robert Browning","text":"Anthony Burgess wrote: \"We all want to like Browning, but we find it very hard.\" Gerard Manley Hopkins and George Santayana were also critical. The latter expressed his views in the essay \"The Poetry of Barbarism,\" which attacks Browning and Walt Whitman for what he regarded as their embrace of irrationality. In 1914 American modernist composer Charles Ives created the Robert Browning Overture, a dense and darkly dramatic piece with gloomy overtones reminiscent of the Second Viennese School. In 1930 the story of Browning and his wife was made into the play \"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\", by Rudolph Besier.","psg_id":"715021"},{"title":"Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"highly poetic lives.” Later in life, Hosmer commemorated the Brownings in some lines of poetry, \"Parted by death we say... Yet hand in hand they hold their eternal way \". Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning is an 1853 sculpture by Harriet Hosmer. Plaster casts are in the Schlesinger Library at Harvard University, and at the National Museum of Women in the Arts in Washington, D.C. As a bronze sculpture, versions are in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and in the \"Cloister of the Clasped Hands\" at","psg_id":"20168376"},{"title":"Verse drama and dramatic verse","text":"uses the discourse of the characters involved to tell a story or portray a situation. The major types of dramatic poetry are those already discussed, to be found in plays written for the theatre, and libretti. There are further dramatic verse forms: these include dramatic monologues, such as those written by Robert Browning and Alfred Tennyson and William Shakespeare. Verse drama and dramatic verse Verse drama is any drama written as verse to be spoken; another possible general term is poetic drama. For a very long period, verse drama was the dominant form of drama in Europe (and was also","psg_id":"3893673"},{"title":"Robert Barrett Browning","text":"Robert Barrett Browning Robert Wiedeman Barrett Browning, known as Pen Browning, (9 March 1849 – 8 July 1912) was an English painter. His career was moderately successful, but he is better known as the son and heir of the celebrated English poets, Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, of whose manuscripts and memorabilia he built up a substantial collection. He also bought and restored the Baroque palace Ca' Rezzonico in Venice. Browning was the only child of the poets Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. The Brownings had lived in Italy for three years when their son was born at","psg_id":"14588499"},{"title":"The Browning Version (1951 film)","text":"Robert Browning thus: \"\"And, through desire of one across the main,<br>A ghost will seem within the house to reign.<br>And hateful to the husband is the grace<br>Of well-shaped statues: from—in place of eyes<br>Those blanks—all Aphrodite dies.\"\" The Browning Version (1951 film) The Browning Version is a 1951 British drama film based on the 1948 play of the same name by Terence Rattigan. It was directed by Anthony Asquith and starred Michael Redgrave. Andrew Crocker-Harris is an ageing Classics master at an English public school, and is forced into retirement by his increasing ill health. The film, in common with the original","psg_id":"9171098"},{"title":"Robert Barrett Browning","text":"which he has restored in honour of his mother.\" During this stay, Robert became ill, and died there in December 1889. Browning and Fannie took care of Robert's dependants, including his sister Sarianna and old family servants, who came to live with them in Venice. Browning and Fannie, who had no children, gradually drifted apart, although they never divorced. Their marriage was not helped by the rumoured relationship between Browning and a beautiful blonde Italian by the name of Ginevra, housekeeper at Ca' Rezzonico, who also modelled for Browning's paintings. Fannie eventually left him. They later made an attempt to","psg_id":"14588504"},{"title":"Robert Browning","text":"Royston, Hertfordshire, is named after Robert Browning. Browning Street in Berkeley, California, is located in an area known as Poets' Corner and is also named after him. Browning Street in Yokine, Western Australia, is named after him, in an area likewise known as Poets' Corner. Browning Street and Robert Browning School in Walworth, London, near to his birthplace in Camberwell, are named after him. Two of a group of three culs-de-sac in Little Venice, London, are named Browning Close and Robert Close after him; the third, Elizabeth Close, is named after his wife. This section lists the plays and volumes","psg_id":"715024"},{"title":"Robert Barrett Browning","text":"the foundation for Baylor's Browning collection, now housed at the Armstrong Browning Library on the Baylor campus. Sanders, Andrew (1994). \"The Short Oxford History of English Literature\". Oxford University Press. Robert Barrett Browning Robert Wiedeman Barrett Browning, known as Pen Browning, (9 March 1849 – 8 July 1912) was an English painter. His career was moderately successful, but he is better known as the son and heir of the celebrated English poets, Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, of whose manuscripts and memorabilia he built up a substantial collection. He also bought and restored the Baroque palace Ca' Rezzonico in","psg_id":"14588507"},{"title":"Robert X. Browning","text":"the archives were transferred to C-SPAN's management. He facilitates educational access to C-SPAN's collection and oversees the archives, which are located in Purdue Research Park in West Lafayette, Indiana. By the time of the launch of the C-SPAN Video Library in 2010, Browning's team converted over 120,000 hours of recordings of C-SPAN programming from analog to digital. In 2011, the C-SPAN Video Library was awarded a Peabody Award. Browning has also published several peer-reviewed articles: Robert X. Browning Robert Xavier Browning is a professor at Purdue University and head of the C-SPAN Archives in West Lafayette, Indiana. Browning graduated from","psg_id":"16348539"},{"title":"Robert Browning","text":"through his writing had made contributions to Victorian social and political discourse. Unusually for a poet, societies for the study of his work were founded while he was still alive. Such Browning Societies remained common in Britain and the United States until the early 20th century. Robert Browning was born in Walworth in the parish of Camberwell, Surrey, which now forms part of the Borough of Southwark in south London. He was baptized on 14 June 1812, at Lock's Fields Independent Chapel, York Street, Walworth, the only son of Sarah Anna (née Wiedemann) and Robert Browning. His father was a","psg_id":"714992"},{"title":"Robert Browning (Byzantinist)","text":"Robert Browning (Byzantinist) Robert Browning, FBA (; 15 January 1914 – 11 March 1997) was a Scottish Byzantinist and university professor. Browning was born in Glasgow in 1914. He attended Kelvinside Academy in that city. He entered the Humanities department of Glasgow University in 1931, graduating in 1935. As Snell Exhibitioner at Balliol College, Oxford, he acquired first class degrees in Mods and Greats as well as several prizes (Nowlands, Ireland, Craven, Ferguson, De Paravicini, and Jenkyns). During his time at Glasgow University, Browning became proficient in several Eastern European languages, beginning with Albanian. In 1939 Browning received a second","psg_id":"13470839"},{"title":"Robert Browning","text":"of poetry Browning published in his lifetime. Some individually notable poems are also listed, under the volumes in which they were published. (His only notable prose work, with the exception of his letters, is his \"Essay on Shelley\".) Robert Browning Robert Browning (7 May 1812 – 12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of the dramatic monologue made him one of the foremost Victorian poets. His poems are known for their irony, characterization, dark humour, social commentary, historical settings, and challenging vocabulary and syntax. Browning's early career began promisingly, but collapsed. The long poems \"Pauline\" and","psg_id":"715025"},{"title":"His Name Was Robert","text":"His Name Was Robert His Name Was Robert () is a 1967 Soviet science fiction film directed by Ilya Olshvanger. The scientist Sergey Sergeevich (Oleg Strizhenov) creates an experimental humanoid robot (also played by Oleg Strizhenov), designed, according to his plan, to master the far space inaccessible to humans, and gives him the name Robert. Robert looks like his creator, like a twin. Sergey Sergeevich decides to test the robot in the human environment and sends it on a date with the bride of one of his employees Tatiana (Marianna Vertinskaya). However, Robert \"falls in love\" with her and readily","psg_id":"20657257"},{"title":"Robert Browning School","text":"immersion do not lack in skills with English Language Arts. 25% of the school day is English and at the grade 5 level, English Language Arts Divisional Test results of Robert Browning's students have consistently been above the Division mean. Robert Browning School Robert Browning School is a French immersion public elementary school in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The current principal of Robert Browning School is M. Manuel Gomez. Generally, students from this school passing to grade 6 attend École Ness (the only middle school in the St. James-Assiniboia School Division that has French immersion available) if wishing to continue with French","psg_id":"9294947"},{"title":"Gamaliel, Kentucky","text":"and used for school and church and, in 1844, a cemetery was added. In making the grant, the two men stipulated that seven trustees should be appointed to administer the property along the lines provided by the donors. The original trustees were William Crawford, Maston Comer, John Hayes, Robert Welch, James Crawford Jr., Charles Browning Jr., and John Meador. This act of incorporation was passed by the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky on December 19, 1840. Samuel DeWitt, a local preacher and teacher, said \"Gamaliel\" was a good biblical name (In the Book of Acts, the Pharisee appears","psg_id":"1080105"},{"title":"Robert Browning School","text":"Robert Browning School Robert Browning School is a French immersion public elementary school in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The current principal of Robert Browning School is M. Manuel Gomez. Generally, students from this school passing to grade 6 attend École Ness (the only middle school in the St. James-Assiniboia School Division that has French immersion available) if wishing to continue with French immersion, otherwise they generally attend Lincoln Middle School which does not have French immersion. In a bilingual setting, empower every student to learn, to succeed, and to participate responsibly in an ever-changing society. Contrary to popular belief, students in French","psg_id":"9294946"},{"title":"Robert Browning","text":"as Artist\", Browning is given a famously ironical assessment: \"He is the most Shakespearean creature since Shakespeare. If Shakespeare could sing with myriad lips, Browning could stammer through a thousand mouths. [...] Yes, Browning was great. And as what will he be remembered? As a poet? Ah, not as a poet! He will be remembered as a writer of fiction, as the most supreme writer of fiction, it may be, that we have ever had. His sense of dramatic situation was unrivalled, and, if he could not answer his own problems, he could at least put problems forth, and what","psg_id":"715018"},{"title":"Robert Browning","text":"and the Book\" was his most ambitious project and is arguably his greatest work; it has been called a \"tour de force\" of dramatic poetry. Published in four parts from November 1868 to February 1869, the poem was a success both commercially and critically, and finally brought Browning the renown he had sought for nearly 40 years. The Robert Browning Society was formed in 1881 and his work was recognised as belonging within the British literary canon. In the remaining years of his life Browning travelled extensively. After a series of long poems published in the early 1870s, of which","psg_id":"715010"},{"title":"Robert Browning","text":"Robert Browning Robert Browning (7 May 1812 – 12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of the dramatic monologue made him one of the foremost Victorian poets. His poems are known for their irony, characterization, dark humour, social commentary, historical settings, and challenging vocabulary and syntax. Browning's early career began promisingly, but collapsed. The long poems \"Pauline\" and \"Paracelsus\" received some acclaim, but in 1840 the difficult \"Sordello\", which was seen as wilfully obscure, brought his poetry into disrepute. His reputation took more than a decade to recover, during which time he moved away from the","psg_id":"714990"},{"title":"Robert Barrett Browning","text":"Casa Guidi in Florence. His mother, who had miscarried three earlier pregnancies, described him as \"so fat and rosy and strong that almost I am sceptical of his being my child.\" His nickname Pen derived from his infant attempts to pronounce his given name Wiedeman (after his paternal grandmother's maiden name). As a cherished only child, he was, some felt, over-protected. Visiting the Brownings, the novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote of Pen: Browning was educated \"with anxious care\" by his father and private tutors at the Brownings' home in Florence, and, after his mother died in 1861, in London. Robert was","psg_id":"14588500"},{"title":"Robert X. Browning","text":"Robert X. Browning Robert Xavier Browning is a professor at Purdue University and head of the C-SPAN Archives in West Lafayette, Indiana. Browning graduated from Marquette University with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1972. He received a master's degree in public administration in 1977 and a master's degree in political science in 1978, both from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. In 1981, he was awarded his Ph.D., also from the University of Wisconsin–Madison, under the direction of Ira Sharkansky with the thesis \"Political and economic predictors of policy outcomes: U.S. social welfare expenditures, 1947-1977\". In 1981, he became an assistant","psg_id":"16348537"},{"title":"Robert Browning","text":"Browning's \"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came\", whose full text was included in the final volume's appendix. Michael Dibdin's 1986 crime novel \"A Rich Full Death\" features Robert Browning as one of the lead characters. Lines from \"Paracelsus\" were recited by the character Fox Mulder at the beginning and the end of the 1996 \"The X-Files\" episode \"The Field Where I Died\". Gabrielle Kimm's 2010 novel \"His Last Duchess\" is inspired by \"My Last Duchess\". A memorial plaque on the site of Browning's London home, in Warwick Crescent, Maida Vale, was unveiled on 11 December 1993. Browning Close in","psg_id":"715023"},{"title":"Robert Browning","text":"more should an artist do? Considered from the point of view of a creator of character he ranks next to him who made Hamlet. Had he been articulate, he might have sat beside him. The only man who can touch the hem of his garment is George Meredith. Meredith is a prose Browning, and so is Browning. He used poetry as a medium for writing in prose.\" Probably the most adulatory judgment of Browning by a modern critic comes from Harold Bloom: \"Browning is the most considerable poet in English since the major Romantics, surpassing his great contemporary rival Tennyson","psg_id":"715019"},{"title":"Robert Browning (Byzantinist)","text":"the International Association of Byzantine Studies from 1981. His two 1971 studies, \"Justinian\" and \"Theodora\", were widely recognized. Browning belonged to the Communist Party Historians Group. Browning's first festschrift, aptly titled \"Maistor\", was published on Australian initiative at Canberra, Australia in 1984. A second, \"Philellen\", was published on Greek initiative in Venice, Italy in 1997. Browning's résumé listed: In 1946 he married Galina Chichekova, whom he had met in Sofia. They had two daughters. In 1972 he married Ruth Gresh, whom he had met in Cairo, Egypt. He died of old age in London in 1997. Robert Browning (Byzantinist) Robert","psg_id":"13470842"},{"title":"Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning is an 1853 sculpture by Harriet Hosmer. Plaster casts are in the Schlesinger Library at Harvard University, and at the National Museum of Women in the Arts in Washington, D.C. As a bronze sculpture, versions are in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and in the \"Cloister of the Clasped Hands\" at Armstrong Browning Library, Baylor University. Hosmer described the work's creation thus: It was one of earliest works created that Hosmer created in Rome. First created in plaster, the work was","psg_id":"20168373"},{"title":"Robert Browning","text":"gradually a romance developed between them, leading to their marriage and journey to Italy (for Elizabeth's health) on 12 September 1846. The marriage was initially secret because Elizabeth's domineering father disapproved of marriage for any of his children. Mr. Barrett disinherited Elizabeth, as he did for each of his children who married: \"The Mrs. Browning of popular imagination was a sweet, innocent young woman who suffered endless cruelties at the hands of a tyrannical papa but who nonetheless had the good fortune to fall in love with a dashing and handsome poet named Robert Browning.\" At her husband's insistence, the","psg_id":"715002"},{"title":"Robert Browning","text":"of the author, Robert Browning, who received the money from his aunt, Mrs Silverthorne. It is a long poem composed in homage to Shelley and somewhat in his style. Originally Browning considered \"Pauline\" as the first of a series written by different aspects of himself, but he soon abandoned this idea. The press noticed the publication. W. J. Fox writing in \"The Monthly Repository\" of April 1833 discerned merit in the work. Allan Cunningham praised it in the \"Athenaeum\". However, it sold no copies. Some years later, probably in 1850, Dante Gabriel Rossetti came across it in the Reading Room","psg_id":"714997"},{"title":"Tom Browning","text":"$99,008.36 bail. On February 27, 2018, Browning and his three sons purchased Bart’s on York. A small bar located in northern Kentucky, across the river from Great American Ballpark. The bar has been registered under the name Browning’s on York. The official name change is expected to take place on Reds opening day of the 2018 season. Tom Browning Thomas Leo Browning (born April 28, 1960) is a former Major League Baseball left-handed pitcher. During a 12-year baseball career, he pitched for the Cincinnati Reds (1984–1994) and the Kansas City Royals (1995). He is also co-author of \"Tom Browning's Tales","psg_id":"3541782"},{"title":"Robert X. Browning","text":"professor at Purdue University, where he is currently associate professor of communication/political science. At Purdue, Browning teaches courses related to American politics and the United States Congress. Browning is the founding director of the C-SPAN Archives. In 1986, with other Purdue professors, he developed the idea for an educational C-SPAN archive, which was approved in 1987 by David Caputo, then dean of Purdue's School of Humanities, Social Science and Education. In September 1987, the archive began cataloguing recordings of C-SPAN's coverage of Congress and other public affairs programming. Browning assumed the title of Director of C-SPAN Archives in 1998, when","psg_id":"16348538"},{"title":"Robert Barrett Browning","text":"and force. Some of them are still well remembered…including busts of his father.\" In October 1887, Browning married an American heiress, Fannie Coddington (1853–1935). They bought and restored Ca' Rezzonico, one of the great palaces on the Grand Canal in Venice. With no need to earn an income from painting, Browning continued to paint for pleasure for the rest of his life until failing eyesight finally prevented it. In October 1889, Robert Browning visited his son and daughter-in-law at Ca' Rezzonico. He wrote, \"The Palazzo excites the wonder of everybody, so great is Pen's cleverness... There was a desecrated chapel,","psg_id":"14588503"},{"title":"Colonel Robert A. Smith Monument","text":"Monuments of Kentucky Multiple Property Submission. There is another monument to Colonel Robert A. Smith in Edinburgh, where he was born, in the large Victorian Dean Cemetery. The name and date of the battle on the monument is correct, however the name of the town is misspelled as Mumfordsville instead of Munfordville. Colonel Robert A. Smith Monument The Colonel Robert A. Smith Monument, located in Hart County, Kentucky, is a monument related to the American Civil War, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was built in the memory of Colonel Robert A. Smith and the members of","psg_id":"12616511"},{"title":"His Name Was Robert","text":"which he can not fulfill. Its circuits fail from overvoltage and it breaks. The inventors of the robot find it and take it for regeneration. Scientists understand that using a robot in an unknown and unpredictable environment is unsuitable, and a man is preparing for the space flight. Most of the filming took place in Leningrad in the pavilions of Lenfilm and on the city streets. \"Mountain\" episodes of the film were shot in the Caucasus, at the base of Mount Elbrus. His Name Was Robert His Name Was Robert () is a 1967 Soviet science fiction film directed by","psg_id":"20657259"},{"title":"Robert Barrett Browning","text":"left without taking a degree. Encouraged by Robert Browning's friend the painter John Everett Millais, Browning studied painting and sculpture in Antwerp and Paris. Among his teachers was Auguste Rodin; among his fellow-students was John Singer Sargent. As a painter, Browning was proficient, but his penchant for painting voluptuous female nudes did not encourage sales in Victorian England. Despite this, he achieved reasonable success, partly because of his father's continual efforts to promote his work. He exhibited at the Royal Academy, the Grosvenor Gallery, the Paris Salon and the Brussels Salon. \"The Times\" wrote that his works \"showed considerable ability","psg_id":"14588502"},{"title":"What a Beautiful Name","text":"What a Beautiful Name \"What a Beautiful Name\" is a song by Australian praise and worship group Hillsong Worship. The song, written and led by Brooke Ligertwood and co-written with Ben Fielding, refers to the promise of salvation through Jesus Christ as represented by His Holy Name. The \"genre-smashing single\" contributed to Hillsong being named \"Billboard\"s Top Christian Artist of 2017. \"What a Beautiful Name\" won two Dove Awards for Song of the Year and Worship Song of the Year in 2017. It won the 2018 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song. \"What a Beautiful Name\" was released","psg_id":"19789527"},{"title":"Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"is more visible and there is a sense of equal partnership in the representation. The signature of the artist is on end of Robert Barrett Browning's wrist and reads: HANDS - OF - ROBERT / AND / Elizabeth Barrett Browning / cast By / Harriet Hosmer / Rome 1853. The work was in the same tradition as Hiram Powers' \"Loulie's Hand\", and they were both inspired by contemporary Spiritualism. Nathaniel Hawthorne alludes to the work in the 1860 novel \"The Marble Faun\", as \"“\"Harriet Hosmer’s Clasped Hands of Browning and his wife symbolize the individuality and heroic union of two","psg_id":"20168375"},{"title":"The Browning Version (1951 film)","text":"The Browning Version (1951 film) The Browning Version is a 1951 British drama film based on the 1948 play of the same name by Terence Rattigan. It was directed by Anthony Asquith and starred Michael Redgrave. Andrew Crocker-Harris is an ageing Classics master at an English public school, and is forced into retirement by his increasing ill health. The film, in common with the original stage play, follows the schoolmaster's final few days in his post, as he comes to terms with his sense of failure as a teacher, a sense of weakness exacerbated by his wife's infidelity and the","psg_id":"9171094"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography","text":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography by Margaret Forster, first published in 1988, is a biography of the English poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning, which won the Heinemann Award in 1989. Forster draws on newly discovered letters and papers that shed light on the poet's life before she met and eloped with Robert Browning, and rewrites the myth of the invalid poet guarded by an ogre-like father, to give a more-nuanced picture of an active, difficult woman who was complicit in her own virtual imprisonment. It remained the most-detailed published biography of the poet in 2003, and","psg_id":"19326447"},{"title":"Frank Browning (baseball)","text":"Frank Browning (baseball) Frank Browning (October 29, 1882 – May 19, 1948), nicknamed \"Dutch\", was a Major League Baseball player. He played one Major League Baseball (MLB) season for the Detroit Tigers in 1910. In 1909 he led the minor leagues in wins while pitching for the San Francisco Seals. Born in Falmouth, Kentucky, Browning attended Georgetown College in Kentucky and began his baseball career in 1906 with minor leagues. In 1909, the Detroit Tigers MLB team drafted Browning in a rule 5 draft. In the mid-1920s, Browning was part of a vaudeville quartet. Browning died of burns received in","psg_id":"9319722"},{"title":"Jonathan Browning (designer)","text":"San Francisco's SoMa district. Browning has created bronze fixtures for numerous Tiffany & Co. stores, including the 5th Ave flagship store. Tiffany’s San Francisco store procured a Garonne chandelier and Garonne sconces. Designers and architects like Robert A.M. Stern, Robert Couterier, and Victoria Hagan have also used Browning products in their designs. In 2008, Browning entered into a partnership with Viennese light manufacturer, J.T. Kalmar, which was founded in 1881. As part of the agreement, Browning became the company's first Design Director, and he was tasked with looking through the company's archives to adapt and rework certain vintage designs. In","psg_id":"18821234"},{"title":"Frank Browning (baseball)","text":"an accidental house fire in San Antonio, Texas. Frank Browning (baseball) Frank Browning (October 29, 1882 – May 19, 1948), nicknamed \"Dutch\", was a Major League Baseball player. He played one Major League Baseball (MLB) season for the Detroit Tigers in 1910. In 1909 he led the minor leagues in wins while pitching for the San Francisco Seals. Born in Falmouth, Kentucky, Browning attended Georgetown College in Kentucky and began his baseball career in 1906 with minor leagues. In 1909, the Detroit Tigers MLB team drafted Browning in a rule 5 draft. In the mid-1920s, Browning was part of a","psg_id":"9319723"},{"title":"My Name Is 'A' by Anonymous","text":"to releasing the film Ryan chose to release the work anonymously due to negative initial critic reviews. At this point the film's title had changed to \"My Name Is 'A'\" and Ryan added the words \"By Anonymous\" to the title to reflect on what was supposed to be the anonymity of the director. He later decided against releasing the film anonymously, but chose to leave \"By Anonymous\" in the title to reflect on the anonymity of several of the characters in the film. Theatrical and VOD film rights to \"My Name Is 'A' By Anonymous\" were purchased shortly after its","psg_id":"18444335"},{"title":"Browning Society","text":"joined and donated money to the society. Encouraged by the society she created a \"Handbook to the Works of Robert Browning\" assisted by advice from the animal artist John Trivett Nettleship who had written some of the earliest work about Browning. Browning Society Browning societies were groups of people who met regularly to discuss the works of Robert Browning. Emerging from various reading groups, the societies were an indication of the poet's fame and, unusually, were actively forming during his lifetime. Browning was not consulted on the foundation of these societies in appreciation of his work, and the idea did","psg_id":"15971993"},{"title":"Robert Browning","text":"It was a success and brought popular fame to the couple in the United States. The role of Elizabeth became a signature role for the actress Katharine Cornell. It was twice adapted into film. It was also the basis of the stage musical \"Robert and Elizabeth\", with music by Ron Grainer and book and lyrics by Ronald Millar. In \"The Browning Version\" (Terence Rattigan's 1948 play or one of several film adaptations), a pupil makes a parting present to his teacher of an inscribed copy of Browning's translation of the \"Agamemnon\". Stephen King's \"The Dark Tower\" was chiefly inspired by","psg_id":"715022"},{"title":"Tod Browning","text":"Tod Browning Tod Browning (born Charles Albert Browning, Jr.; July 12, 1880 – October 6, 1962) was an American film actor, film director, screenwriter and vaudeville performer. Browning's career spanned the silent film and sound film eras. Best known as the director of \"Dracula\" (1931), \"Freaks\" (1932), and silent film collaborations with Lon Chaney and Priscilla Dean, Browning directed many movies in a wide range of genres. Browning was born as Charles Albert Browning, Jr., in Louisville, Kentucky, the second son of Charles Albert and Lydia Browning, and the nephew of baseball star Pete Browning. As a young boy, he","psg_id":"427579"},{"title":"Poetic justice","text":"Ben Jonson precisely on the grounds that Shakespeare's characters change during the course of the play. (See Shakespeare's reputation for more on the Shakespeare/Jonson dichotomy.) When Restoration comedy, in particular, flouted poetic justice by rewarding libertines and punishing dull-witted moralists, there was a backlash in favor of drama, in particular, of more strict moral correspondence. Poetic justice Poetic justice is a literary device in which ultimately virtue is rewarded and viciousness is punished. In modern literature it is often accompanied by an ironic twist of fate related to the character's own action. English drama critic Thomas Rymer coined the phrase","psg_id":"2693534"},{"title":"The Smashing Bird I Used to Know","text":"The Smashing Bird I Used to Know The Smashing Bird I Used to Know is a 1969 British drama/sexploitation film, directed by Robert Hartford-Davis and starring Renée Asherson, Patrick Mower, Dennis Waterman, Madeleine Hinde and Maureen Lipman. As with other Hartford-Davis films, \"The Smashing Bird I Used to Know\" contains elements from different genres including psychological drama and social commentary. It is best known however as a sexploitation piece featuring nudity, attempted rape and lesbianism. The film features the first screen credit of the then 15-year-old Lesley-Anne Down in a supporting role. The film was not released in the U.S.","psg_id":"14903209"},{"title":"Bob Browning","text":"Regiment and later the Agricultural Labour Corps. He then settled in the Forest of Dean in Gloucestershire, where he worked as a coal-miner, playing as a permit player for Bream Amateurs. Bob Browning Robert Ernest Browning (24 June 1888 – 16 February 1949) was an English professional footballer who played as an inside-forward for Queens Park Rangers and Southampton in the Southern League in the 1910s. Browning was born in Kettering and played his early football for his home-town club before joining Queens Park Rangers in the 1910 close season, although he did not sign a full-time contract until 8","psg_id":"16973212"},{"title":"Browning Hi-Power","text":"Browning Hi-Power The Browning Hi Power is a single-action, semi-automatic handgun available in the 9mm and .40 S&W calibers. It is based on a design by American firearms inventor John Browning, and completed by Dieudonné Saive at \"Fabrique Nationale\" (FN) of Herstal, Belgium. Browning died in 1926, several years before the design was finalized. The Hi-Power is one of the most widely used military pistols in history, having been used by the armed forces of over 50 countries. After 82 years of continuous production, the Hi-Power was finally discontinued in 2017. The Hi Power name alludes to the 13-round magazine","psg_id":"936135"},{"title":"Junie Browning","text":"Junie Browning Junie Allen Browning (born May 12, 1985) is an American mixed martial artist. He was a cast member of SpikeTV's \"\". Junie \"The Lunatic\" Browning was born in Florida and raised in Kentucky. He attended Bourbon County High School where he competed in football and the . division of wrestling. At the age of four, Browning began sparring with his brother to train for combat sports. Browning trained with Four Seasons MMA under Mike O'Donnell; then moving to Las Vegas, NV and trained with Xtreme Couture. His younger brother, Rob Browning, fights for the Lexington-based organization American Fight","psg_id":"12494566"},{"title":"Browning, Montana","text":"Browning, Montana Browning (originally Browning Indian Agency) is a town in Glacier County, Montana. It is the headquarters for the Blackfeet Indian Reservation and the only incorporated town on the Reservation. The population was 1,016 at the 2010 United States Census. The town was named in 1885 for Commissioner of Indian Affairs D. M. Browning. The post office was established in 1895. The town is made up of two districts; North Browning and South Browning. Browning is located at (48.556917, -113.014571). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land.","psg_id":"1131207"},{"title":"Browning, Montana","text":"is home to Blackfeet Community College. Browning is the setting for the TV-series \"The X-Files\" episode \"Shapes\". Browning, Montana Browning (originally Browning Indian Agency) is a town in Glacier County, Montana. It is the headquarters for the Blackfeet Indian Reservation and the only incorporated town on the Reservation. The population was 1,016 at the 2010 United States Census. The town was named in 1885 for Commissioner of Indian Affairs D. M. Browning. The post office was established in 1895. The town is made up of two districts; North Browning and South Browning. Browning is located at (48.556917, -113.014571). According to","psg_id":"1131214"},{"title":"Bob Browning","text":"Bob Browning Robert Ernest Browning (24 June 1888 – 16 February 1949) was an English professional footballer who played as an inside-forward for Queens Park Rangers and Southampton in the Southern League in the 1910s. Browning was born in Kettering and played his early football for his home-town club before joining Queens Park Rangers in the 1910 close season, although he did not sign a full-time contract until 8 October that year. At Q.P.R., he was a regular scorer during his first season and was the club's top-scorer in the 1910–11 season with 18 goals. His scoring dropped off during","psg_id":"16973209"},{"title":"A Toccata of Galuppi's","text":"A Toccata of Galuppi's \"A Toccata of Galuppi's\" is a poem by Robert Browning, originally published in the 1855 collection \"Men and Women\". The title refers to the fact that the speaker is either playing or listening to a toccata by the 18th-century Venetian composer Baldassare Galuppi. The poem consists of fifteen rhymed tercets; its prevailing meter is trochaic octameter catalectic. It is not known whether Browning was thinking of any one piece by Galuppi; in Galuppi's time, the terms \"toccata\" and \"sonata\" were less clearly differentiated than they later became, and were used interchangeably. A number of Galuppi's sonatas","psg_id":"8269851"},{"title":"Things Ain't What They Used to Be","text":"Things Ain't What They Used to Be \"Things Ain't What They Used to Be\" is a 1942 jazz standard with music by Mercer Ellington and lyrics by Ted Persons. In 1941 there was a strike against the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers, of which Duke Ellington was a member. Because of the strike he could not air his songs on the radio. Instead, he used songs written by his son Mercer and pianist Billy Strayhorn. Strayhorn's compositions of this time include \"Take the 'A' Train\", \"Chelsea Bridge\" and \"Day Dream\". Mercer wrote \"Things Ain't What They Used to","psg_id":"9783426"},{"title":"Orville Hickman Browning","text":"and their shared Kentucky backgrounds, Lincoln and Browning became lifelong friends. In 1844, Browning successfully defended five men who had been accused of the murder of Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. Browning was an unsuccessful candidate for election to Congress in 1843, 1850, and 1852. In May 1856, he was a delegate to the convention in Bloomington, Illinois which was held in opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, one of the events that led to the creation of the Republican Party. In 1861, Browning was appointed to the United States Senate, filling the vacancy created by the","psg_id":"6019970"},{"title":"Robert Browning","text":"in Their Day\". It finally presented the poet speaking in his own voice, engaging in a series of dialogues with long-forgotten figures of literary, artistic, and philosophic history. The Victorian public was baffled by this, and Browning returned to the brief, concise lyric for his last volume, \"Asolando\" (1889), published on the day of his death. Browning died at his son's home Ca' Rezzonico in Venice on 12 December 1889. He was buried in Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey; his grave now lies immediately adjacent to that of Alfred Tennyson. During his life Browning was awarded many distinctions. He was","psg_id":"715012"},{"title":"Robert Browning","text":"and the principal twentieth-century poets, including even Yeats, Hardy, and Wallace Stevens. But Browning is a very difficult poet, notoriously badly served by criticism, and ill-served also by his own accounts of what he was doing as a poet. [...] Yet when you read your way into his world, precisely his largest gift to you is his involuntary unfolding of one of the largest, most enigmatic, and most multipersoned literary and human selves you can hope to encounter.\" His work has nevertheless had many detractors, and most of his voluminous output is not widely read. In a largely hostile essay","psg_id":"715020"},{"title":"Armstrong Browning Library","text":"even larger collection (by then the English department had relocated) and refurbished in 2012. Armstrong Browning Library The Armstrong Browning Library is located on the campus of Baylor University in Waco, Texas, USA and is the home of the largest collections of English poets Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. Additionally it is thought to house the largest collection of secular stained glass in the world. The original collection of Browning works were donated to Baylor in 1918 by Dr. A.J. Armstrong. After the death of the Browning's only son Robert Barrett Browning and subsequent sale of their collection, Dr.","psg_id":"5452592"},{"title":"Robert Browning","text":"second edition of Elizabeth’s \"Poems\" included her love sonnets. The book increased her popularity and high critical regard, cementing her position as an eminent Victorian poet. Upon William Wordsworth's death in 1850, she was a serious contender to become Poet Laureate, the position eventually going to Tennyson. From the time of their marriage and until Elizabeth's death, the Brownings lived in Italy, residing first in Pisa, and then, within a year, finding an apartment in Florence at Casa Guidi (now a museum to their memory). Their only child, Robert Wiedemann Barrett Browning, nicknamed \"Penini\" or \"Pen\", was born in 1849.","psg_id":"715003"},{"title":"Armstrong Browning Library","text":"Armstrong Browning Library The Armstrong Browning Library is located on the campus of Baylor University in Waco, Texas, USA and is the home of the largest collections of English poets Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. Additionally it is thought to house the largest collection of secular stained glass in the world. The original collection of Browning works were donated to Baylor in 1918 by Dr. A.J. Armstrong. After the death of the Browning's only son Robert Barrett Browning and subsequent sale of their collection, Dr. Armstrong obtained a list of the items sold and their purchasers, and attempted to","psg_id":"5452590"},{"title":"Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning","text":"only cast in bronze years later. The work directly depicts the clasped hands of Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Robert Browning, without other parts of the body. The artist Harriet Hosmer cast the hands of the poets herself at the request of Elizabeth Barrett Browning. The artist left the casting exactly as it came from the mold to preserve the textural quality of the casting and the lovers' sensitive physiognomy. The difference in size of the hands as well as the cuff at each wrist indicate the identity of each hand, and the although her hand is inside of his, hers","psg_id":"20168374"},{"title":"Hernani (drama)","text":"de Silva kills himself. Don Carlos is a fictionalized version of the real King Carlos I, later Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Don Ruy Gomez de Silva, Duke of Pastrana, gets his name from an actual duke by that name, though the fictional version is an old man in 1519 whereas the real de Silva would have been a toddler at this date. Hernani's name comes from a Basque town where Hugo once stayed. Hernani (drama) Hernani (Full title: Hernani, ou l'Honneur Castillan) is a drama by the French romantic author Victor Hugo. The title originates from Hernani, a Spanish","psg_id":"6504081"},{"title":"What a Beautiful Name","text":"Asker, Ligertwood said about the audience: Finally, she said about performing the song: In July 2017, the Voices of Lee, the \"elite\" a cappella singing group, posted a video of the song to their Facebook page. The cover was an instant hit and reached the so-called viral threshold of 5 million views in two days. As of October 2017, it had amassed 33 million views. The group represents Lee University in Tennessee; the video was filmed in the school's chapel. What a Beautiful Name \"What a Beautiful Name\" is a song by Australian praise and worship group Hillsong Worship. The","psg_id":"19789534"},{"title":"The Browning Version (play)","text":"and starring Matthew Dure', Robert Lyons, Nichole Donje' Jeffrey Hardy, Steven Hauck, Max Rhyser, Jessica Beaudry and Kate Downey. The Browning Version (play) The Browning Version is a play by Terence Rattigan, seen by many as his best work, and first performed on 8 September 1948 at the Phoenix Theatre, London. It was originally one of two short plays, jointly titled \"Playbill\"; the companion piece being \"Harlequinade\", which forms the second half of the evening. \"The Browning Version\" is set in a boys public school and the Classics teacher in the play, Crocker-Harris, is believed to have been based on","psg_id":"1607905"},{"title":"What a Beautiful Name","text":"on 6 January 2017, as the lead single from their 25th live album, \"Let There Be Light\" (2016). \"What a Beautiful Name\" was composed in December 2015 in Sydney, Australia, for the upcoming Hillsong Conference, the annual church gathering. The scriptural foundation of the song can be found in , and . According to sheet music published at Sheetmusicdirect.com by Hillsong Publishing, \"What a Beautiful Name\" is a slow tempo of 68 beats per minute. Written in common time, the song is in the key of D major. Brooke Ligertwood's vocal range spans from A to B during the song.","psg_id":"19789528"},{"title":"Jim Bludso","text":"Jim Bludso Jim Bludso is a 1917 American drama film directed by Tod Browning. It was Browning's first feature film as a director. Contemporary sources are variable on the matter of whether the direction was a joint effort between Browning and the film's star, Wilfred Lucas. In their book \"Dark Carnival: The Secret World of Tod Browning, Hollywood's Master of the Macabre,\" David J. Skal and Elias Savada suggest that Lucas' name was added to the credit for contractual reasons, and that Browning directed \"Jim Bludso\" alone. As \"Jim Bludso\" is presumed lost, it is uncertain what the original title","psg_id":"11920970"},{"title":"The Kentucky Cycle","text":"argues, are \"essentialist\" views that reduce the complexity of Appalachia and its people to a one-dimensional preconception. Sources: Playbill Vault; Internet Broadway Database The Kentucky Cycle The Kentucky Cycle is a series of nine one-act plays by Robert Schenkkan that explores American mythology, particularly the mythology of the West, through the intertwined histories of three fictional families struggling over a portion of land in the Cumberland Plateau. The play won the 1992 Pulitzer Prize for Drama. \"The Kentucky Cycle\" was the result of several years of development, starting in New York City at New Dramatists and the Ensemble Studio Theatre.","psg_id":"4741829"},{"title":"Orville Hickman Browning","text":"until the end of Johnson's term in March 1869. After leaving office, Browning practiced law in Washington, DC and Illinois. He was as a successful Democratic candidate for a delegate's position at the 1869-1870 Illinois constitutional convention. He died in Illinois in 1881. Browning was born in Cynthiana, Kentucky on February 10, 1806, the son of Sally (Brown) Browning and Micaijah Browning. Sally Brown was the daughter of James Brown, a judge in Bourbon County. Micaijah Browning was a prominent merchant and farmer who also served as a justice of the peace, member of the county court, and presiding county","psg_id":"6019968"},{"title":"Lisa the Drama Queen","text":"Camelot of King Arthur. \"Lisa the Drama Queen\" was watched by 5.75 million viewers during its first airing, which, at that point, was the least watched episode in \"The Simpsons\"' history. Since airing, the episode has received mixed reviews from television critics. Erich Asperschlager of \"TV Verdict\" wrote: \"It’s no secret that \"The Simpsons\" isn’t what it used to be. The past few seasons have been hit or miss, but once in a while an episode comes along that reminds me why I’ve kept watching. 'Lisa the Drama Queen' is one of those episodes.\" Robert Canning of IGN commented: \"It's","psg_id":"12069550"},{"title":"Browning Society","text":"Browning Society Browning societies were groups of people who met regularly to discuss the works of Robert Browning. Emerging from various reading groups, the societies were an indication of the poet's fame and, unusually, were actively forming during his lifetime. Browning was not consulted on the foundation of these societies in appreciation of his work, and the idea did not meet with his immediate approval. The earliest Browning Society, and the longest continuing, was formally constituted in 1877 by Hiram Corson at Cornell University. The Boston Browning Society followed in 1885, which would become the largest and most influential, and","psg_id":"15971991"},{"title":"Aunt Jane of Kentucky","text":"Aunt Jane of Kentucky Aunt Jane of Kentucky is a collection of nine short stories written by American author Eliza \"Lida\" Calvert Obenchain. Obenchain wrote the book under the pen name Eliza Calvert Hall, a pseudonym that she frequently used when writing her fictional works. Set in rural western Kentucky in the late nineteenth century, the book recounts an elderly quilt-maker Aunt Jane's memories of life in the rural south as told to an unnamed younger woman visitor. The collection under the title \"Aunt Jane of Kentucky\" was first published together in 1907. The book appeared in at least thirty-three","psg_id":"14397705"},{"title":"Val A. Browning","text":"children. They lived in Belgium until 1935 when Browning returned to Utah as president of Browning Arms Company. Browning received 48 gun patents during his career, compared to his father John Browning's 128 American gun patents. In 1955, Val Browning was awarded Knighthood in the Order of Léopold by King Baudouin of Belgium for an \"outstanding contribution to the Gun Making Art;\" an honor that had been bestowed upon his father in 1914. Browning spent his career representing business interests in the United States and Europe. In addition to chairing Browning Arms, he served as director of the First Security","psg_id":"8072128"},{"title":"Closet drama","text":"both plays have been frequently staged. Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and Alexander Pushkin devoted much time to the closet drama. The popularity of closet drama at this time was both a sign of, and a reaction to, the decline of the verse tragedy on the European stage in the 1800s. Popular tastes in theater were shifting toward melodrama and comedy and there was little commercial appeal in staging verse tragedies (though Coleridge, Robert Browning, and others wrote verse dramas that were staged in commercial theaters). Playwrights who wanted to write verse tragedy had to resign themselves to writing for","psg_id":"3893726"},{"title":"What a Beautiful Name","text":"on the chart. What a Beautiful Name also leads the CCLI, the international licensing service for 250,000 churches. The YouTube video has more than 220 million views as of 23 April 2018. \"What a Beautiful Name\" is a track from Hillsong Worship's 25th live album, \"Let There Be Light\". The album was released on 14 October 2016, and debuted as No. 1 on the Top Christian Albums chart. For 2017, \"Let There be Light\" was ranked the No. 9 of the year. Hillsong Worship was named Billboard's Top Christian Artist of 2017, as well as Top Christian Duo/Group. \"What a","psg_id":"19789532"},{"title":"Robert Browning","text":"Home claimed was Browning's son who had died in infancy: Browning seized the \"materialization\" and discovered it to be Home's bare foot. To make the deception worse, Browning had never lost a son in infancy. After the séance, Browning wrote an angry letter to \"The Times\", in which he said: \"the whole display of hands, spirit utterances etc., was a cheat and imposture.\" In 1902 Browning's son Pen wrote: \"Home was detected in a vulgar fraud.\" Elizabeth, however, was convinced that the phenomena she witnessed were genuine, and her discussions about Home with her husband were a constant source of","psg_id":"715007"},{"title":"Junie Browning","text":"by locals involved with the Thai mafia. On his Facebook profile, Browning admits to getting into a bar fight after someone \"and about 10 of his friends started a fight\". The fight resulted in Browning having to go to the hospital for treatment. He suffered from numerous gashes to the head and neck and a stab wound to the arm. His offenders suffered no serious injuries other than minor abrasions to their hands and lower arms. Browning has since moved back to Lexington, Kentucky and has taken on the role of a coach at 4 Seasons MMA with long-time friend","psg_id":"12494571"},{"title":"Robert Browning","text":"Civil War. Later in life, he even championed animal rights in several poems attacking vivisection. He was also a stalwart opponent of anti-Semitism, leading to speculation that Browning himself was Jewish. In 1877 he wrote a poem explaining \"Why I am a Liberal\" in which he declared: \"Who then dares hold -- emancipated thus / His fellow shall continue bound? Not I.\" Browning was raised in an evangelical non-conformist household. However, after his reading of Shelley he is said to have briefly become an atheist. Browning is also said to have made an uncharacteristic admission of faith to Alfred Domett,","psg_id":"715005"},{"title":"Drama, Šentjernej","text":"to nearby Hrvaški Brod, also transferring the name \"Gutenwerth\" to the new location. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Drama served as a river port for the surrounding countryside until the road from Novo Mesto to Sisak was built at the end of the 18th century. A road linking Dobrava pri Škocjanu to Šentjernej was built past the village in 1968. The local church—built north of the village in what used to be the settlement of Otok and on the edge of what was the medieval market town of Gutenwerth, which was destroyed in the late 15th century—is dedicated to","psg_id":"14254477"},{"title":"Bowling Green, Kentucky","text":"commissioners' meeting (1798), which named the town \"Bolin Green\" after the Bowling Green in New York City, where patriots had pulled down a statue of King George III and used the lead to make bullets during the American Revolution. According to the \"Encyclopedia of Kentucky\", the name was derived from Bowling Green, Virginia, from where early migrants had come, or the personal \"ball alley game\" of founder Robert Moore. Early records indicate that the city name was also spelled \"Bowlingreen\". By 1810, Bowling Green had 154 residents. Growth in steamboat commerce and the proximity of the Barren River increased Bowling","psg_id":"1080613"},{"title":"The Kentucky Cycle","text":"The Kentucky Cycle The Kentucky Cycle is a series of nine one-act plays by Robert Schenkkan that explores American mythology, particularly the mythology of the West, through the intertwined histories of three fictional families struggling over a portion of land in the Cumberland Plateau. The play won the 1992 Pulitzer Prize for Drama. \"The Kentucky Cycle\" was the result of several years of development, starting in New York City at New Dramatists and the Ensemble Studio Theatre. The two-part, six-hour epic was further developed at the Taper Lab New Work Festival Center Theatre Group/Mark Taper Forum and the Sundance Institute.","psg_id":"4741823"},{"title":"Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen","text":"Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen is a 2004 American teen musical comedy film directed by Sara Sugarman and produced by Robert Shapiro and Mathew Hart for Walt Disney Pictures. It stars Lindsay Lohan as an aspiring teenaged actress whose family moves from New York City to New Jersey, Adam Garcia as her favorite rock musician, Glenne Headly as her mother, and Alison Pill as her best friend. The screenplay is by Gail Parent and is based on Dyan Sheldon’s 1999 novel of the same name. It was released in late February 2004 to","psg_id":"2664593"},{"title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography","text":"was one of the best known of Forster's biographies in 2016. \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\" is the first full biography of the poet to be published since Gardner Taplin's life of 1957, and reviews substantial material uncovered during the intervening thirty years, including letters, diaries, papers and juvenilia collected by Philip Kelley and others. Forster draws on the new material to expand on Barrett Browning's life before she met Robert Browning in 1845, at the age of almost forty. She stresses the importance of Barrett Browning's rural childhood at Hope End in Herefordshire, and discusses the nature of her mysterious childhood","psg_id":"19326448"},{"title":"Junie Browning","text":"and trainer Michael O'Donnell. In recent posts on Facebook, Junie has claimed he has found a true passion in \"being alive\" and has taken to training the students . As of 11/12/2012, Browning has posted on Facebook he is one month sober and continues to reside in Kentucky. After nearly four years away from active professional MMA competition, Browning returned in October 2016 to face Jeremy Myers in a welterweight bout at Hardrock MMA 84. He won the fight via TKO in the first round. Junie Browning Junie Allen Browning (born May 12, 1985) is an American mixed martial artist.","psg_id":"12494572"},{"title":"Poetic diction","text":"for the given poetic form. Pastoral, lyric, and philosophical poetry was scrutinized for the right type of vocabulary as well as the most meaningful. Joseph Addison and Richard Steele discussed poetic diction in \"The Spectator,\" and Alexander Pope satirized inappropriate poetic diction in his 1727 \"Peri Bathos.\" In an appendix, \"By what is usually called poetic diction\", Wordsworth goes on to define the poetic diction he rejects as above all characterized by heightened and unusual words and especially by \"a mechanical adoption of... figures of speech, ... sometimes with propriety, but much more frequently applied... to feelings and ideas with","psg_id":"4245252"},{"title":"Oscar Browning","text":"leading literary figures such as Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Algernon Swinburne, and the unrelated Robert Browning. According to the critic Noel Annan, writing in 1983, Oscar Browning introduced himself presumptuously to the Poet Laureate with the words \"Hello, Tennyson, I'm Browning\", and received the reply \"No, you're not\". In 1881 Browning became treasurer of the Cambridge Union, a post he held for 21 years. In 1887 he became president of Footlights, serving until 1895. By 1888 he was sufficiently well known to be the subject of a caricature by W.B. Hayes (\"Hay\"), as one of the \"Men of the Day\", in","psg_id":"4263643"},{"title":"Browning, Wisconsin","text":"Browning, Wisconsin Browning is a town in Taylor County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 850 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of Gad is located in the town. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 36.5 square miles (94.6 km²), of which, 36.5 square miles (94.5 km²) of it is land and 0.03% is water. The south and east edges of the six by six mile square that would become Browning were first surveyed in 1851 by crews working for the U.S. government. In the fall of 1861 a different crew","psg_id":"1261923"},{"title":"Logan Browning","text":"the YouTube comedic series \"Shit Southern Women Say\". In July 2016, it was announced that Browning would star in the role of Samantha White in the Netflix satirical-drama series \"Dear White People\". Logan Browning Logan Laurice Browning (born June 9, 1989) is an American actress. She is best known for starring as Samantha White in the 2017 Netflix satirical-drama series \"Dear White People\". She is also known for playing Sasha in the 2007 film \"Bratz: The Movie\", Brianna Ortiz in \"Meet the Browns\", Jelena Howard on the VH1 series \"Hit the Floor\" and Zora in the Playstation Network series \"Powers\".","psg_id":"10601457"},{"title":"Poetic naturalism","text":"not naturally emerge from a purely scientific approach. Science is a rigorous method of finding what is true or false, while poetic naturalism encourages extending the conversation to include contemplation into what is right and wrong. It integrates scientific reasoning methods into our personal purpose-seeking and meaning-making, with an emphasis on Bayesian techniques. Poetic naturalism Poetic naturalism is a philosophical approach to naturalism which encourages a variety of ways to talk about the world, using language dependent upon the aspect of reality being discussed. The term was coined by Sean M. Carroll in his book \"The Big Picture: On the","psg_id":"19685675"},{"title":"Poetic justice","text":"Poetic justice Poetic justice is a literary device in which ultimately virtue is rewarded and viciousness is punished. In modern literature it is often accompanied by an ironic twist of fate related to the character's own action. English drama critic Thomas Rymer coined the phrase in \"The Tragedies of the Last Age Considere'd\" (1678) to describe how a work should inspire proper moral behaviour in its audience by illustrating the triumph of good over evil. The demand for poetic justice is consistent in Classical authorities and shows up in Horace, Plutarch, and Quintillian, so Rymer's phrasing is a reflection of","psg_id":"2693532"},{"title":"Robert Browning","text":"of the British Museum and wrote to Browning, then in Florence to ask if he was the author. John Stuart Mill, however, wrote that the author suffered from an \"intense and morbid self-consciousness\". Later Browning was rather embarrassed by the work, and only included it in his collected poems of 1868 after making substantial changes and adding a preface in which he asked for indulgence for a boyish work. In 1834, he accompanied the Chevalier George de Benkhausen, the Russian consul-general, on a brief visit to St Petersburg and began \"Paracelsus\", which was published in 1835. The subject of the","psg_id":"714998"},{"title":"Robert Browning","text":"the arts. By 12, Browning had written a book of poetry which he later destroyed when no publisher could be found. After being at one or two private schools, and showing an insuperable dislike of school life, he was educated at home by a tutor via the resources of his father's extensive library. By 14 he was fluent in French, Greek, Italian and Latin. He became a great admirer of the Romantic poets, especially Shelley. Following the precedent of Shelley, Browning became an atheist and vegetarian. At 16, he studied Greek at University College London but left after his first","psg_id":"714995"},{"title":"Pete Browning","text":"spite of serious medical afflictions which rendered him virtually deaf and subjected him to massive headaches, he resorted to alcohol to subdue the pain, but continued to hit well even as his drinking increased. He was also known as \"The Gladiator\", though sources differ as to whether the nickname applied to his struggles with ownership, the press, his drinking problem, or particularly elusive fly balls. Born in Louisville, Kentucky, Browning was the youngest of eight children. His father, a grocer, was killed by a tornado when Browning was thirteen years old. Young Pete remained with his mother, ultimately living in","psg_id":"5440545"},{"title":"Val A. Browning","text":"Val A. Browning Val Allen Browning (August 20, 1895 – May 16, 1994) was an American industrialist, philanthropist and third-generation gunmaker. His grandfather, Jonathan Browning, opened a gun shop in Ogden, Utah in 1852, and his father, John Browning, is regarded as one of the most successful firearms designers of the 20th century. Born in Ogden, Utah Territory, Browning graduated from Ogden High School in 1913 and later studied law and engineering at Cornell University. As a young man he worked in the shop his grandfather had opened. In 1918, Browning was commissioned as a second lieutenant with the United","psg_id":"8072126"},{"title":"Robert Browning","text":"In these years Browning was fascinated by, and learned from, the art and atmosphere of Italy. He would, in later life, describe Italy as his university. As Elizabeth had inherited money of her own, the couple were reasonably comfortable in Italy, and their relationship together was happy. However, the literary assault on Browning's work did not let up and he was critically dismissed further, by patrician writers such as Charles Kingsley, for the desertion of England for foreign lands. Browning identified as a Liberal, supported the emancipation of women, and opposed slavery, expressing sympathy for the North in the American","psg_id":"715004"},{"title":"The Smashing Bird I Used to Know","text":"that she should face up to them by returning to the remand home. Nicki is initially unconvinced, but finally realises that he is right. She agrees to being driven back; but as they arrive at a bridge with a bottleneck passage, an approaching truck causes them to veer off the road and over the bridge to their deaths. The Smashing Bird I Used to Know The Smashing Bird I Used to Know is a 1969 British drama/sexploitation film, directed by Robert Hartford-Davis and starring Renée Asherson, Patrick Mower, Dennis Waterman, Madeleine Hinde and Maureen Lipman. As with other Hartford-Davis films,","psg_id":"14903215"},{"title":"Marcus Browning","text":"4–3 defeat to Chelmsford City. On Thursday 5 November 2009 it was confirmed that Browning had returned to Dean Court as a youth coach. Browning, who made more than 200 appearances for the club between 2002 and 2007, works with the U18s on a part-time basis, his appointment funded with the help of Brockenhurst College, while continuing playing, initially with Bath City in the Conference South, and from December 2010 with Poole Town. He has 3 children, one playing for Poole town first team and under 18's named Morgan Browning Marcus Browning Marcus Trevor Browning (born 22 April 1971) is","psg_id":"8399723"},{"title":"Derek Browning","text":"anniversary of the finding of the bones of King Robert the Bruce. In May 2018 Browning preached at the Liberation Day service on Guernsey. Derek Browning enjoys reading, cooking and playing croquet. Derek Browning Derek Browning (born 24 May 1962) is a minister of the Church of Scotland, who was the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland from May 2017 to May 2018 Derek Browning was born on 24 May 1962 in Edinburgh, Scotland. He was educated at North Berwick High School, a state secondary school in North Berwick, East Lothian. He read history at Corpus","psg_id":"20104744"},{"title":"A Poetic Yesterday","text":"guitar. The name 'A Poetic Yesterday' was thought of by a friend while at a jam session with the band and their friends. The band was joined on bass for its first few shows by Steven Williams, a friend of the band who was later replaced by Gavin's brother and current bassist Ryan Stewart. The band recorded their debut EP 'Lip Rings Covered in Lies' in 2006. After gigging around the country for several years the band recorded the songs 'Tony Jaa Will Kick Your Ass' and 'Serenade For Spiders' to be sent to various record labels, eventually resulting in","psg_id":"15977739"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\",\n \"text\": \"Anthony Burgess wrote: \\\"We all want to like Browning, but we find it very hard.\\\" Gerard Manley Hopkins and George Santayana were also critical. The latter expressed his views in the essay \\\"The Poetry of Barbarism,\\\" which attacks Browning and Walt Whitman for what he regarded as their embrace of irrationality. In 1914 American modernist composer Charles Ives created the Robert Browning Overture, a dense and darkly dramatic piece with gloomy overtones reminiscent of the Second Viennese School. In 1930 the story of Browning and his wife was made into the play \\\"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\\\", by Rudolph Besier.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"715021\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"highly poetic lives.” Later in life, Hosmer commemorated the Brownings in some lines of poetry, \\\"Parted by death we say... Yet hand in hand they hold their eternal way \\\". Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning is an 1853 sculpture by Harriet Hosmer. Plaster casts are in the Schlesinger Library at Harvard University, and at the National Museum of Women in the Arts in Washington, D.C. As a bronze sculpture, versions are in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and in the \\\"Cloister of the Clasped Hands\\\" at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20168376\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Verse drama and dramatic verse\",\n \"text\": \"uses the discourse of the characters involved to tell a story or portray a situation. The major types of dramatic poetry are those already discussed, to be found in plays written for the theatre, and libretti. There are further dramatic verse forms: these include dramatic monologues, such as those written by Robert Browning and Alfred Tennyson and William Shakespeare. Verse drama and dramatic verse Verse drama is any drama written as verse to be spoken; another possible general term is poetic drama. For a very long period, verse drama was the dominant form of drama in Europe (and was also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3893673\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Barrett Browning Robert Wiedeman Barrett Browning, known as Pen Browning, (9 March 1849 – 8 July 1912) was an English painter. His career was moderately successful, but he is better known as the son and heir of the celebrated English poets, Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, of whose manuscripts and memorabilia he built up a substantial collection. He also bought and restored the Baroque palace Ca' Rezzonico in Venice. Browning was the only child of the poets Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. The Brownings had lived in Italy for three years when their son was born at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14588499\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Browning Version (1951 film)\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Browning thus: \\\"\\\"And, through desire of one across the main,<br>A ghost will seem within the house to reign.<br>And hateful to the husband is the grace<br>Of well-shaped statues: from—in place of eyes<br>Those blanks—all Aphrodite dies.\\\"\\\" The Browning Version (1951 film) The Browning Version is a 1951 British drama film based on the 1948 play of the same name by Terence Rattigan. It was directed by Anthony Asquith and starred Michael Redgrave. Andrew Crocker-Harris is an ageing Classics master at an English public school, and is forced into retirement by his increasing ill health. The film, in common with the original\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9171098\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"which he has restored in honour of his mother.\\\" During this stay, Robert became ill, and died there in December 1889. Browning and Fannie took care of Robert's dependants, including his sister Sarianna and old family servants, who came to live with them in Venice. Browning and Fannie, who had no children, gradually drifted apart, although they never divorced. Their marriage was not helped by the rumoured relationship between Browning and a beautiful blonde Italian by the name of Ginevra, housekeeper at Ca' Rezzonico, who also modelled for Browning's paintings. Fannie eventually left him. They later made an attempt to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14588504\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\",\n \"text\": \"Royston, Hertfordshire, is named after Robert Browning. Browning Street in Berkeley, California, is located in an area known as Poets' Corner and is also named after him. Browning Street in Yokine, Western Australia, is named after him, in an area likewise known as Poets' Corner. Browning Street and Robert Browning School in Walworth, London, near to his birthplace in Camberwell, are named after him. Two of a group of three culs-de-sac in Little Venice, London, are named Browning Close and Robert Close after him; the third, Elizabeth Close, is named after his wife. This section lists the plays and volumes\",\n \"psg_id\": \"715024\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"the foundation for Baylor's Browning collection, now housed at the Armstrong Browning Library on the Baylor campus. Sanders, Andrew (1994). \\\"The Short Oxford History of English Literature\\\". Oxford University Press. Robert Barrett Browning Robert Wiedeman Barrett Browning, known as Pen Browning, (9 March 1849 – 8 July 1912) was an English painter. His career was moderately successful, but he is better known as the son and heir of the celebrated English poets, Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, of whose manuscripts and memorabilia he built up a substantial collection. He also bought and restored the Baroque palace Ca' Rezzonico in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14588507\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert X. Browning\",\n \"text\": \"the archives were transferred to C-SPAN's management. He facilitates educational access to C-SPAN's collection and oversees the archives, which are located in Purdue Research Park in West Lafayette, Indiana. By the time of the launch of the C-SPAN Video Library in 2010, Browning's team converted over 120,000 hours of recordings of C-SPAN programming from analog to digital. In 2011, the C-SPAN Video Library was awarded a Peabody Award. Browning has also published several peer-reviewed articles: Robert X. Browning Robert Xavier Browning is a professor at Purdue University and head of the C-SPAN Archives in West Lafayette, Indiana. Browning graduated from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16348539\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\",\n \"text\": \"through his writing had made contributions to Victorian social and political discourse. Unusually for a poet, societies for the study of his work were founded while he was still alive. Such Browning Societies remained common in Britain and the United States until the early 20th century. Robert Browning was born in Walworth in the parish of Camberwell, Surrey, which now forms part of the Borough of Southwark in south London. He was baptized on 14 June 1812, at Lock's Fields Independent Chapel, York Street, Walworth, the only son of Sarah Anna (née Wiedemann) and Robert Browning. His father was a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"714992\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning (Byzantinist)\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Browning (Byzantinist) Robert Browning, FBA (; 15 January 1914 – 11 March 1997) was a Scottish Byzantinist and university professor. Browning was born in Glasgow in 1914. He attended Kelvinside Academy in that city. He entered the Humanities department of Glasgow University in 1931, graduating in 1935. As Snell Exhibitioner at Balliol College, Oxford, he acquired first class degrees in Mods and Greats as well as several prizes (Nowlands, Ireland, Craven, Ferguson, De Paravicini, and Jenkyns). During his time at Glasgow University, Browning became proficient in several Eastern European languages, beginning with Albanian. In 1939 Browning received a second\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13470839\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\",\n \"text\": \"of poetry Browning published in his lifetime. Some individually notable poems are also listed, under the volumes in which they were published. (His only notable prose work, with the exception of his letters, is his \\\"Essay on Shelley\\\".) Robert Browning Robert Browning (7 May 1812 – 12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of the dramatic monologue made him one of the foremost Victorian poets. His poems are known for their irony, characterization, dark humour, social commentary, historical settings, and challenging vocabulary and syntax. Browning's early career began promisingly, but collapsed. The long poems \\\"Pauline\\\" and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"715025\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"His Name Was Robert\",\n \"text\": \"His Name Was Robert His Name Was Robert () is a 1967 Soviet science fiction film directed by Ilya Olshvanger. The scientist Sergey Sergeevich (Oleg Strizhenov) creates an experimental humanoid robot (also played by Oleg Strizhenov), designed, according to his plan, to master the far space inaccessible to humans, and gives him the name Robert. Robert looks like his creator, like a twin. Sergey Sergeevich decides to test the robot in the human environment and sends it on a date with the bride of one of his employees Tatiana (Marianna Vertinskaya). However, Robert \\\"falls in love\\\" with her and readily\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20657257\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning School\",\n \"text\": \"immersion do not lack in skills with English Language Arts. 25% of the school day is English and at the grade 5 level, English Language Arts Divisional Test results of Robert Browning's students have consistently been above the Division mean. Robert Browning School Robert Browning School is a French immersion public elementary school in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The current principal of Robert Browning School is M. Manuel Gomez. Generally, students from this school passing to grade 6 attend École Ness (the only middle school in the St. James-Assiniboia School Division that has French immersion available) if wishing to continue with French\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9294947\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gamaliel, Kentucky\",\n \"text\": \"and used for school and church and, in 1844, a cemetery was added. In making the grant, the two men stipulated that seven trustees should be appointed to administer the property along the lines provided by the donors. The original trustees were William Crawford, Maston Comer, John Hayes, Robert Welch, James Crawford Jr., Charles Browning Jr., and John Meador. This act of incorporation was passed by the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky on December 19, 1840. Samuel DeWitt, a local preacher and teacher, said \\\"Gamaliel\\\" was a good biblical name (In the Book of Acts, the Pharisee appears\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1080105\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning School\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Browning School Robert Browning School is a French immersion public elementary school in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The current principal of Robert Browning School is M. Manuel Gomez. Generally, students from this school passing to grade 6 attend École Ness (the only middle school in the St. James-Assiniboia School Division that has French immersion available) if wishing to continue with French immersion, otherwise they generally attend Lincoln Middle School which does not have French immersion. In a bilingual setting, empower every student to learn, to succeed, and to participate responsibly in an ever-changing society. Contrary to popular belief, students in French\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9294946\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\",\n \"text\": \"as Artist\\\", Browning is given a famously ironical assessment: \\\"He is the most Shakespearean creature since Shakespeare. If Shakespeare could sing with myriad lips, Browning could stammer through a thousand mouths. [...] Yes, Browning was great. And as what will he be remembered? As a poet? Ah, not as a poet! He will be remembered as a writer of fiction, as the most supreme writer of fiction, it may be, that we have ever had. His sense of dramatic situation was unrivalled, and, if he could not answer his own problems, he could at least put problems forth, and what\",\n \"psg_id\": \"715018\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\",\n \"text\": \"and the Book\\\" was his most ambitious project and is arguably his greatest work; it has been called a \\\"tour de force\\\" of dramatic poetry. Published in four parts from November 1868 to February 1869, the poem was a success both commercially and critically, and finally brought Browning the renown he had sought for nearly 40 years. The Robert Browning Society was formed in 1881 and his work was recognised as belonging within the British literary canon. In the remaining years of his life Browning travelled extensively. After a series of long poems published in the early 1870s, of which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"715010\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Browning Robert Browning (7 May 1812 – 12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of the dramatic monologue made him one of the foremost Victorian poets. His poems are known for their irony, characterization, dark humour, social commentary, historical settings, and challenging vocabulary and syntax. Browning's early career began promisingly, but collapsed. The long poems \\\"Pauline\\\" and \\\"Paracelsus\\\" received some acclaim, but in 1840 the difficult \\\"Sordello\\\", which was seen as wilfully obscure, brought his poetry into disrepute. His reputation took more than a decade to recover, during which time he moved away from the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"714990\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"Casa Guidi in Florence. His mother, who had miscarried three earlier pregnancies, described him as \\\"so fat and rosy and strong that almost I am sceptical of his being my child.\\\" His nickname Pen derived from his infant attempts to pronounce his given name Wiedeman (after his paternal grandmother's maiden name). As a cherished only child, he was, some felt, over-protected. Visiting the Brownings, the novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote of Pen: Browning was educated \\\"with anxious care\\\" by his father and private tutors at the Brownings' home in Florence, and, after his mother died in 1861, in London. Robert was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14588500\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert X. Browning\",\n \"text\": \"Robert X. Browning Robert Xavier Browning is a professor at Purdue University and head of the C-SPAN Archives in West Lafayette, Indiana. Browning graduated from Marquette University with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1972. He received a master's degree in public administration in 1977 and a master's degree in political science in 1978, both from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. In 1981, he was awarded his Ph.D., also from the University of Wisconsin–Madison, under the direction of Ira Sharkansky with the thesis \\\"Political and economic predictors of policy outcomes: U.S. social welfare expenditures, 1947-1977\\\". In 1981, he became an assistant\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16348537\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\",\n \"text\": \"Browning's \\\"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came\\\", whose full text was included in the final volume's appendix. Michael Dibdin's 1986 crime novel \\\"A Rich Full Death\\\" features Robert Browning as one of the lead characters. Lines from \\\"Paracelsus\\\" were recited by the character Fox Mulder at the beginning and the end of the 1996 \\\"The X-Files\\\" episode \\\"The Field Where I Died\\\". Gabrielle Kimm's 2010 novel \\\"His Last Duchess\\\" is inspired by \\\"My Last Duchess\\\". A memorial plaque on the site of Browning's London home, in Warwick Crescent, Maida Vale, was unveiled on 11 December 1993. Browning Close in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"715023\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\",\n \"text\": \"more should an artist do? Considered from the point of view of a creator of character he ranks next to him who made Hamlet. Had he been articulate, he might have sat beside him. The only man who can touch the hem of his garment is George Meredith. Meredith is a prose Browning, and so is Browning. He used poetry as a medium for writing in prose.\\\" Probably the most adulatory judgment of Browning by a modern critic comes from Harold Bloom: \\\"Browning is the most considerable poet in English since the major Romantics, surpassing his great contemporary rival Tennyson\",\n \"psg_id\": \"715019\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning (Byzantinist)\",\n \"text\": \"the International Association of Byzantine Studies from 1981. His two 1971 studies, \\\"Justinian\\\" and \\\"Theodora\\\", were widely recognized. Browning belonged to the Communist Party Historians Group. Browning's first festschrift, aptly titled \\\"Maistor\\\", was published on Australian initiative at Canberra, Australia in 1984. A second, \\\"Philellen\\\", was published on Greek initiative in Venice, Italy in 1997. Browning's résumé listed: In 1946 he married Galina Chichekova, whom he had met in Sofia. They had two daughters. In 1972 he married Ruth Gresh, whom he had met in Cairo, Egypt. He died of old age in London in 1997. Robert Browning (Byzantinist) Robert\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13470842\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning is an 1853 sculpture by Harriet Hosmer. Plaster casts are in the Schlesinger Library at Harvard University, and at the National Museum of Women in the Arts in Washington, D.C. As a bronze sculpture, versions are in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and in the \\\"Cloister of the Clasped Hands\\\" at Armstrong Browning Library, Baylor University. Hosmer described the work's creation thus: It was one of earliest works created that Hosmer created in Rome. First created in plaster, the work was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20168373\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\",\n \"text\": \"gradually a romance developed between them, leading to their marriage and journey to Italy (for Elizabeth's health) on 12 September 1846. The marriage was initially secret because Elizabeth's domineering father disapproved of marriage for any of his children. Mr. Barrett disinherited Elizabeth, as he did for each of his children who married: \\\"The Mrs. Browning of popular imagination was a sweet, innocent young woman who suffered endless cruelties at the hands of a tyrannical papa but who nonetheless had the good fortune to fall in love with a dashing and handsome poet named Robert Browning.\\\" At her husband's insistence, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"715002\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\",\n \"text\": \"of the author, Robert Browning, who received the money from his aunt, Mrs Silverthorne. It is a long poem composed in homage to Shelley and somewhat in his style. Originally Browning considered \\\"Pauline\\\" as the first of a series written by different aspects of himself, but he soon abandoned this idea. The press noticed the publication. W. J. Fox writing in \\\"The Monthly Repository\\\" of April 1833 discerned merit in the work. Allan Cunningham praised it in the \\\"Athenaeum\\\". However, it sold no copies. Some years later, probably in 1850, Dante Gabriel Rossetti came across it in the Reading Room\",\n \"psg_id\": \"714997\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Browning\",\n \"text\": \"$99,008.36 bail. On February 27, 2018, Browning and his three sons purchased Bart’s on York. A small bar located in northern Kentucky, across the river from Great American Ballpark. The bar has been registered under the name Browning’s on York. The official name change is expected to take place on Reds opening day of the 2018 season. Tom Browning Thomas Leo Browning (born April 28, 1960) is a former Major League Baseball left-handed pitcher. During a 12-year baseball career, he pitched for the Cincinnati Reds (1984–1994) and the Kansas City Royals (1995). He is also co-author of \\\"Tom Browning's Tales\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3541782\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert X. Browning\",\n \"text\": \"professor at Purdue University, where he is currently associate professor of communication/political science. At Purdue, Browning teaches courses related to American politics and the United States Congress. Browning is the founding director of the C-SPAN Archives. In 1986, with other Purdue professors, he developed the idea for an educational C-SPAN archive, which was approved in 1987 by David Caputo, then dean of Purdue's School of Humanities, Social Science and Education. In September 1987, the archive began cataloguing recordings of C-SPAN's coverage of Congress and other public affairs programming. Browning assumed the title of Director of C-SPAN Archives in 1998, when\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16348538\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"and force. Some of them are still well remembered…including busts of his father.\\\" In October 1887, Browning married an American heiress, Fannie Coddington (1853–1935). They bought and restored Ca' Rezzonico, one of the great palaces on the Grand Canal in Venice. With no need to earn an income from painting, Browning continued to paint for pleasure for the rest of his life until failing eyesight finally prevented it. In October 1889, Robert Browning visited his son and daughter-in-law at Ca' Rezzonico. He wrote, \\\"The Palazzo excites the wonder of everybody, so great is Pen's cleverness... There was a desecrated chapel,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14588503\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Colonel Robert A. Smith Monument\",\n \"text\": \"Monuments of Kentucky Multiple Property Submission. There is another monument to Colonel Robert A. Smith in Edinburgh, where he was born, in the large Victorian Dean Cemetery. The name and date of the battle on the monument is correct, however the name of the town is misspelled as Mumfordsville instead of Munfordville. Colonel Robert A. Smith Monument The Colonel Robert A. Smith Monument, located in Hart County, Kentucky, is a monument related to the American Civil War, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was built in the memory of Colonel Robert A. Smith and the members of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12616511\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"His Name Was Robert\",\n \"text\": \"which he can not fulfill. Its circuits fail from overvoltage and it breaks. The inventors of the robot find it and take it for regeneration. Scientists understand that using a robot in an unknown and unpredictable environment is unsuitable, and a man is preparing for the space flight. Most of the filming took place in Leningrad in the pavilions of Lenfilm and on the city streets. \\\"Mountain\\\" episodes of the film were shot in the Caucasus, at the base of Mount Elbrus. His Name Was Robert His Name Was Robert () is a 1967 Soviet science fiction film directed by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20657259\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"left without taking a degree. Encouraged by Robert Browning's friend the painter John Everett Millais, Browning studied painting and sculpture in Antwerp and Paris. Among his teachers was Auguste Rodin; among his fellow-students was John Singer Sargent. As a painter, Browning was proficient, but his penchant for painting voluptuous female nudes did not encourage sales in Victorian England. Despite this, he achieved reasonable success, partly because of his father's continual efforts to promote his work. He exhibited at the Royal Academy, the Grosvenor Gallery, the Paris Salon and the Brussels Salon. \\\"The Times\\\" wrote that his works \\\"showed considerable ability\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14588502\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Beautiful Name\",\n \"text\": \"What a Beautiful Name \\\"What a Beautiful Name\\\" is a song by Australian praise and worship group Hillsong Worship. The song, written and led by Brooke Ligertwood and co-written with Ben Fielding, refers to the promise of salvation through Jesus Christ as represented by His Holy Name. The \\\"genre-smashing single\\\" contributed to Hillsong being named \\\"Billboard\\\"s Top Christian Artist of 2017. \\\"What a Beautiful Name\\\" won two Dove Awards for Song of the Year and Worship Song of the Year in 2017. It won the 2018 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song. \\\"What a Beautiful Name\\\" was released\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19789527\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"is more visible and there is a sense of equal partnership in the representation. The signature of the artist is on end of Robert Barrett Browning's wrist and reads: HANDS - OF - ROBERT / AND / Elizabeth Barrett Browning / cast By / Harriet Hosmer / Rome 1853. The work was in the same tradition as Hiram Powers' \\\"Loulie's Hand\\\", and they were both inspired by contemporary Spiritualism. Nathaniel Hawthorne alludes to the work in the 1860 novel \\\"The Marble Faun\\\", as \\\"“\\\"Harriet Hosmer’s Clasped Hands of Browning and his wife symbolize the individuality and heroic union of two\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20168375\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Browning Version (1951 film)\",\n \"text\": \"The Browning Version (1951 film) The Browning Version is a 1951 British drama film based on the 1948 play of the same name by Terence Rattigan. It was directed by Anthony Asquith and starred Michael Redgrave. Andrew Crocker-Harris is an ageing Classics master at an English public school, and is forced into retirement by his increasing ill health. The film, in common with the original stage play, follows the schoolmaster's final few days in his post, as he comes to terms with his sense of failure as a teacher, a sense of weakness exacerbated by his wife's infidelity and the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9171094\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography\",\n \"text\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography by Margaret Forster, first published in 1988, is a biography of the English poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning, which won the Heinemann Award in 1989. Forster draws on newly discovered letters and papers that shed light on the poet's life before she met and eloped with Robert Browning, and rewrites the myth of the invalid poet guarded by an ogre-like father, to give a more-nuanced picture of an active, difficult woman who was complicit in her own virtual imprisonment. It remained the most-detailed published biography of the poet in 2003, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19326447\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Frank Browning (baseball)\",\n \"text\": \"Frank Browning (baseball) Frank Browning (October 29, 1882 – May 19, 1948), nicknamed \\\"Dutch\\\", was a Major League Baseball player. He played one Major League Baseball (MLB) season for the Detroit Tigers in 1910. In 1909 he led the minor leagues in wins while pitching for the San Francisco Seals. Born in Falmouth, Kentucky, Browning attended Georgetown College in Kentucky and began his baseball career in 1906 with minor leagues. In 1909, the Detroit Tigers MLB team drafted Browning in a rule 5 draft. In the mid-1920s, Browning was part of a vaudeville quartet. Browning died of burns received in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9319722\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jonathan Browning (designer)\",\n \"text\": \"San Francisco's SoMa district. Browning has created bronze fixtures for numerous Tiffany & Co. stores, including the 5th Ave flagship store. Tiffany’s San Francisco store procured a Garonne chandelier and Garonne sconces. Designers and architects like Robert A.M. Stern, Robert Couterier, and Victoria Hagan have also used Browning products in their designs. In 2008, Browning entered into a partnership with Viennese light manufacturer, J.T. Kalmar, which was founded in 1881. As part of the agreement, Browning became the company's first Design Director, and he was tasked with looking through the company's archives to adapt and rework certain vintage designs. In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18821234\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Frank Browning (baseball)\",\n \"text\": \"an accidental house fire in San Antonio, Texas. Frank Browning (baseball) Frank Browning (October 29, 1882 – May 19, 1948), nicknamed \\\"Dutch\\\", was a Major League Baseball player. He played one Major League Baseball (MLB) season for the Detroit Tigers in 1910. In 1909 he led the minor leagues in wins while pitching for the San Francisco Seals. Born in Falmouth, Kentucky, Browning attended Georgetown College in Kentucky and began his baseball career in 1906 with minor leagues. In 1909, the Detroit Tigers MLB team drafted Browning in a rule 5 draft. In the mid-1920s, Browning was part of a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9319723\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"My Name Is 'A' by Anonymous\",\n \"text\": \"to releasing the film Ryan chose to release the work anonymously due to negative initial critic reviews. At this point the film's title had changed to \\\"My Name Is 'A'\\\" and Ryan added the words \\\"By Anonymous\\\" to the title to reflect on what was supposed to be the anonymity of the director. He later decided against releasing the film anonymously, but chose to leave \\\"By Anonymous\\\" in the title to reflect on the anonymity of several of the characters in the film. Theatrical and VOD film rights to \\\"My Name Is 'A' By Anonymous\\\" were purchased shortly after its\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18444335\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Browning Society\",\n \"text\": \"joined and donated money to the society. Encouraged by the society she created a \\\"Handbook to the Works of Robert Browning\\\" assisted by advice from the animal artist John Trivett Nettleship who had written some of the earliest work about Browning. Browning Society Browning societies were groups of people who met regularly to discuss the works of Robert Browning. Emerging from various reading groups, the societies were an indication of the poet's fame and, unusually, were actively forming during his lifetime. Browning was not consulted on the foundation of these societies in appreciation of his work, and the idea did\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15971993\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\",\n \"text\": \"It was a success and brought popular fame to the couple in the United States. The role of Elizabeth became a signature role for the actress Katharine Cornell. It was twice adapted into film. It was also the basis of the stage musical \\\"Robert and Elizabeth\\\", with music by Ron Grainer and book and lyrics by Ronald Millar. In \\\"The Browning Version\\\" (Terence Rattigan's 1948 play or one of several film adaptations), a pupil makes a parting present to his teacher of an inscribed copy of Browning's translation of the \\\"Agamemnon\\\". Stephen King's \\\"The Dark Tower\\\" was chiefly inspired by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"715022\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tod Browning\",\n \"text\": \"Tod Browning Tod Browning (born Charles Albert Browning, Jr.; July 12, 1880 – October 6, 1962) was an American film actor, film director, screenwriter and vaudeville performer. Browning's career spanned the silent film and sound film eras. Best known as the director of \\\"Dracula\\\" (1931), \\\"Freaks\\\" (1932), and silent film collaborations with Lon Chaney and Priscilla Dean, Browning directed many movies in a wide range of genres. Browning was born as Charles Albert Browning, Jr., in Louisville, Kentucky, the second son of Charles Albert and Lydia Browning, and the nephew of baseball star Pete Browning. As a young boy, he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"427579\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Poetic justice\",\n \"text\": \"Ben Jonson precisely on the grounds that Shakespeare's characters change during the course of the play. (See Shakespeare's reputation for more on the Shakespeare/Jonson dichotomy.) When Restoration comedy, in particular, flouted poetic justice by rewarding libertines and punishing dull-witted moralists, there was a backlash in favor of drama, in particular, of more strict moral correspondence. Poetic justice Poetic justice is a literary device in which ultimately virtue is rewarded and viciousness is punished. In modern literature it is often accompanied by an ironic twist of fate related to the character's own action. English drama critic Thomas Rymer coined the phrase\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2693534\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Smashing Bird I Used to Know\",\n \"text\": \"The Smashing Bird I Used to Know The Smashing Bird I Used to Know is a 1969 British drama/sexploitation film, directed by Robert Hartford-Davis and starring Renée Asherson, Patrick Mower, Dennis Waterman, Madeleine Hinde and Maureen Lipman. As with other Hartford-Davis films, \\\"The Smashing Bird I Used to Know\\\" contains elements from different genres including psychological drama and social commentary. It is best known however as a sexploitation piece featuring nudity, attempted rape and lesbianism. The film features the first screen credit of the then 15-year-old Lesley-Anne Down in a supporting role. The film was not released in the U.S.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14903209\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bob Browning\",\n \"text\": \"Regiment and later the Agricultural Labour Corps. He then settled in the Forest of Dean in Gloucestershire, where he worked as a coal-miner, playing as a permit player for Bream Amateurs. Bob Browning Robert Ernest Browning (24 June 1888 – 16 February 1949) was an English professional footballer who played as an inside-forward for Queens Park Rangers and Southampton in the Southern League in the 1910s. Browning was born in Kettering and played his early football for his home-town club before joining Queens Park Rangers in the 1910 close season, although he did not sign a full-time contract until 8\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16973212\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Browning Hi-Power\",\n \"text\": \"Browning Hi-Power The Browning Hi Power is a single-action, semi-automatic handgun available in the 9mm and .40 S&W calibers. It is based on a design by American firearms inventor John Browning, and completed by Dieudonné Saive at \\\"Fabrique Nationale\\\" (FN) of Herstal, Belgium. Browning died in 1926, several years before the design was finalized. The Hi-Power is one of the most widely used military pistols in history, having been used by the armed forces of over 50 countries. After 82 years of continuous production, the Hi-Power was finally discontinued in 2017. The Hi Power name alludes to the 13-round magazine\",\n \"psg_id\": \"936135\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Junie Browning\",\n \"text\": \"Junie Browning Junie Allen Browning (born May 12, 1985) is an American mixed martial artist. He was a cast member of SpikeTV's \\\"\\\". Junie \\\"The Lunatic\\\" Browning was born in Florida and raised in Kentucky. He attended Bourbon County High School where he competed in football and the . division of wrestling. At the age of four, Browning began sparring with his brother to train for combat sports. Browning trained with Four Seasons MMA under Mike O'Donnell; then moving to Las Vegas, NV and trained with Xtreme Couture. His younger brother, Rob Browning, fights for the Lexington-based organization American Fight\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12494566\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Browning, Montana\",\n \"text\": \"Browning, Montana Browning (originally Browning Indian Agency) is a town in Glacier County, Montana. It is the headquarters for the Blackfeet Indian Reservation and the only incorporated town on the Reservation. The population was 1,016 at the 2010 United States Census. The town was named in 1885 for Commissioner of Indian Affairs D. M. Browning. The post office was established in 1895. The town is made up of two districts; North Browning and South Browning. Browning is located at (48.556917, -113.014571). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1131207\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Browning, Montana\",\n \"text\": \"is home to Blackfeet Community College. Browning is the setting for the TV-series \\\"The X-Files\\\" episode \\\"Shapes\\\". Browning, Montana Browning (originally Browning Indian Agency) is a town in Glacier County, Montana. It is the headquarters for the Blackfeet Indian Reservation and the only incorporated town on the Reservation. The population was 1,016 at the 2010 United States Census. The town was named in 1885 for Commissioner of Indian Affairs D. M. Browning. The post office was established in 1895. The town is made up of two districts; North Browning and South Browning. Browning is located at (48.556917, -113.014571). According to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1131214\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bob Browning\",\n \"text\": \"Bob Browning Robert Ernest Browning (24 June 1888 – 16 February 1949) was an English professional footballer who played as an inside-forward for Queens Park Rangers and Southampton in the Southern League in the 1910s. Browning was born in Kettering and played his early football for his home-town club before joining Queens Park Rangers in the 1910 close season, although he did not sign a full-time contract until 8 October that year. At Q.P.R., he was a regular scorer during his first season and was the club's top-scorer in the 1910–11 season with 18 goals. His scoring dropped off during\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16973209\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Toccata of Galuppi's\",\n \"text\": \"A Toccata of Galuppi's \\\"A Toccata of Galuppi's\\\" is a poem by Robert Browning, originally published in the 1855 collection \\\"Men and Women\\\". The title refers to the fact that the speaker is either playing or listening to a toccata by the 18th-century Venetian composer Baldassare Galuppi. The poem consists of fifteen rhymed tercets; its prevailing meter is trochaic octameter catalectic. It is not known whether Browning was thinking of any one piece by Galuppi; in Galuppi's time, the terms \\\"toccata\\\" and \\\"sonata\\\" were less clearly differentiated than they later became, and were used interchangeably. A number of Galuppi's sonatas\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8269851\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Things Ain't What They Used to Be\",\n \"text\": \"Things Ain't What They Used to Be \\\"Things Ain't What They Used to Be\\\" is a 1942 jazz standard with music by Mercer Ellington and lyrics by Ted Persons. In 1941 there was a strike against the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers, of which Duke Ellington was a member. Because of the strike he could not air his songs on the radio. Instead, he used songs written by his son Mercer and pianist Billy Strayhorn. Strayhorn's compositions of this time include \\\"Take the 'A' Train\\\", \\\"Chelsea Bridge\\\" and \\\"Day Dream\\\". Mercer wrote \\\"Things Ain't What They Used to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9783426\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Orville Hickman Browning\",\n \"text\": \"and their shared Kentucky backgrounds, Lincoln and Browning became lifelong friends. In 1844, Browning successfully defended five men who had been accused of the murder of Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. Browning was an unsuccessful candidate for election to Congress in 1843, 1850, and 1852. In May 1856, he was a delegate to the convention in Bloomington, Illinois which was held in opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, one of the events that led to the creation of the Republican Party. In 1861, Browning was appointed to the United States Senate, filling the vacancy created by the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6019970\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\",\n \"text\": \"in Their Day\\\". It finally presented the poet speaking in his own voice, engaging in a series of dialogues with long-forgotten figures of literary, artistic, and philosophic history. The Victorian public was baffled by this, and Browning returned to the brief, concise lyric for his last volume, \\\"Asolando\\\" (1889), published on the day of his death. Browning died at his son's home Ca' Rezzonico in Venice on 12 December 1889. He was buried in Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey; his grave now lies immediately adjacent to that of Alfred Tennyson. During his life Browning was awarded many distinctions. He was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"715012\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\",\n \"text\": \"and the principal twentieth-century poets, including even Yeats, Hardy, and Wallace Stevens. But Browning is a very difficult poet, notoriously badly served by criticism, and ill-served also by his own accounts of what he was doing as a poet. [...] Yet when you read your way into his world, precisely his largest gift to you is his involuntary unfolding of one of the largest, most enigmatic, and most multipersoned literary and human selves you can hope to encounter.\\\" His work has nevertheless had many detractors, and most of his voluminous output is not widely read. In a largely hostile essay\",\n \"psg_id\": \"715020\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Armstrong Browning Library\",\n \"text\": \"even larger collection (by then the English department had relocated) and refurbished in 2012. Armstrong Browning Library The Armstrong Browning Library is located on the campus of Baylor University in Waco, Texas, USA and is the home of the largest collections of English poets Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. Additionally it is thought to house the largest collection of secular stained glass in the world. The original collection of Browning works were donated to Baylor in 1918 by Dr. A.J. Armstrong. After the death of the Browning's only son Robert Barrett Browning and subsequent sale of their collection, Dr.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5452592\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\",\n \"text\": \"second edition of Elizabeth’s \\\"Poems\\\" included her love sonnets. The book increased her popularity and high critical regard, cementing her position as an eminent Victorian poet. Upon William Wordsworth's death in 1850, she was a serious contender to become Poet Laureate, the position eventually going to Tennyson. From the time of their marriage and until Elizabeth's death, the Brownings lived in Italy, residing first in Pisa, and then, within a year, finding an apartment in Florence at Casa Guidi (now a museum to their memory). Their only child, Robert Wiedemann Barrett Browning, nicknamed \\\"Penini\\\" or \\\"Pen\\\", was born in 1849.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"715003\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Armstrong Browning Library\",\n \"text\": \"Armstrong Browning Library The Armstrong Browning Library is located on the campus of Baylor University in Waco, Texas, USA and is the home of the largest collections of English poets Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. Additionally it is thought to house the largest collection of secular stained glass in the world. The original collection of Browning works were donated to Baylor in 1918 by Dr. A.J. Armstrong. After the death of the Browning's only son Robert Barrett Browning and subsequent sale of their collection, Dr. Armstrong obtained a list of the items sold and their purchasers, and attempted to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5452590\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning\",\n \"text\": \"only cast in bronze years later. The work directly depicts the clasped hands of Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Robert Browning, without other parts of the body. The artist Harriet Hosmer cast the hands of the poets herself at the request of Elizabeth Barrett Browning. The artist left the casting exactly as it came from the mold to preserve the textural quality of the casting and the lovers' sensitive physiognomy. The difference in size of the hands as well as the cuff at each wrist indicate the identity of each hand, and the although her hand is inside of his, hers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20168374\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hernani (drama)\",\n \"text\": \"de Silva kills himself. Don Carlos is a fictionalized version of the real King Carlos I, later Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Don Ruy Gomez de Silva, Duke of Pastrana, gets his name from an actual duke by that name, though the fictional version is an old man in 1519 whereas the real de Silva would have been a toddler at this date. Hernani's name comes from a Basque town where Hugo once stayed. Hernani (drama) Hernani (Full title: Hernani, ou l'Honneur Castillan) is a drama by the French romantic author Victor Hugo. The title originates from Hernani, a Spanish\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6504081\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Beautiful Name\",\n \"text\": \"Asker, Ligertwood said about the audience: Finally, she said about performing the song: In July 2017, the Voices of Lee, the \\\"elite\\\" a cappella singing group, posted a video of the song to their Facebook page. The cover was an instant hit and reached the so-called viral threshold of 5 million views in two days. As of October 2017, it had amassed 33 million views. The group represents Lee University in Tennessee; the video was filmed in the school's chapel. What a Beautiful Name \\\"What a Beautiful Name\\\" is a song by Australian praise and worship group Hillsong Worship. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19789534\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Browning Version (play)\",\n \"text\": \"and starring Matthew Dure', Robert Lyons, Nichole Donje' Jeffrey Hardy, Steven Hauck, Max Rhyser, Jessica Beaudry and Kate Downey. The Browning Version (play) The Browning Version is a play by Terence Rattigan, seen by many as his best work, and first performed on 8 September 1948 at the Phoenix Theatre, London. It was originally one of two short plays, jointly titled \\\"Playbill\\\"; the companion piece being \\\"Harlequinade\\\", which forms the second half of the evening. \\\"The Browning Version\\\" is set in a boys public school and the Classics teacher in the play, Crocker-Harris, is believed to have been based on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1607905\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Beautiful Name\",\n \"text\": \"on 6 January 2017, as the lead single from their 25th live album, \\\"Let There Be Light\\\" (2016). \\\"What a Beautiful Name\\\" was composed in December 2015 in Sydney, Australia, for the upcoming Hillsong Conference, the annual church gathering. The scriptural foundation of the song can be found in , and . According to sheet music published at Sheetmusicdirect.com by Hillsong Publishing, \\\"What a Beautiful Name\\\" is a slow tempo of 68 beats per minute. Written in common time, the song is in the key of D major. Brooke Ligertwood's vocal range spans from A to B during the song.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19789528\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jim Bludso\",\n \"text\": \"Jim Bludso Jim Bludso is a 1917 American drama film directed by Tod Browning. It was Browning's first feature film as a director. Contemporary sources are variable on the matter of whether the direction was a joint effort between Browning and the film's star, Wilfred Lucas. In their book \\\"Dark Carnival: The Secret World of Tod Browning, Hollywood's Master of the Macabre,\\\" David J. Skal and Elias Savada suggest that Lucas' name was added to the credit for contractual reasons, and that Browning directed \\\"Jim Bludso\\\" alone. As \\\"Jim Bludso\\\" is presumed lost, it is uncertain what the original title\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11920970\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Kentucky Cycle\",\n \"text\": \"argues, are \\\"essentialist\\\" views that reduce the complexity of Appalachia and its people to a one-dimensional preconception. Sources: Playbill Vault; Internet Broadway Database The Kentucky Cycle The Kentucky Cycle is a series of nine one-act plays by Robert Schenkkan that explores American mythology, particularly the mythology of the West, through the intertwined histories of three fictional families struggling over a portion of land in the Cumberland Plateau. The play won the 1992 Pulitzer Prize for Drama. \\\"The Kentucky Cycle\\\" was the result of several years of development, starting in New York City at New Dramatists and the Ensemble Studio Theatre.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4741829\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Orville Hickman Browning\",\n \"text\": \"until the end of Johnson's term in March 1869. After leaving office, Browning practiced law in Washington, DC and Illinois. He was as a successful Democratic candidate for a delegate's position at the 1869-1870 Illinois constitutional convention. He died in Illinois in 1881. Browning was born in Cynthiana, Kentucky on February 10, 1806, the son of Sally (Brown) Browning and Micaijah Browning. Sally Brown was the daughter of James Brown, a judge in Bourbon County. Micaijah Browning was a prominent merchant and farmer who also served as a justice of the peace, member of the county court, and presiding county\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6019968\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lisa the Drama Queen\",\n \"text\": \"Camelot of King Arthur. \\\"Lisa the Drama Queen\\\" was watched by 5.75 million viewers during its first airing, which, at that point, was the least watched episode in \\\"The Simpsons\\\"' history. Since airing, the episode has received mixed reviews from television critics. Erich Asperschlager of \\\"TV Verdict\\\" wrote: \\\"It’s no secret that \\\"The Simpsons\\\" isn’t what it used to be. The past few seasons have been hit or miss, but once in a while an episode comes along that reminds me why I’ve kept watching. 'Lisa the Drama Queen' is one of those episodes.\\\" Robert Canning of IGN commented: \\\"It's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12069550\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Browning Society\",\n \"text\": \"Browning Society Browning societies were groups of people who met regularly to discuss the works of Robert Browning. Emerging from various reading groups, the societies were an indication of the poet's fame and, unusually, were actively forming during his lifetime. Browning was not consulted on the foundation of these societies in appreciation of his work, and the idea did not meet with his immediate approval. The earliest Browning Society, and the longest continuing, was formally constituted in 1877 by Hiram Corson at Cornell University. The Boston Browning Society followed in 1885, which would become the largest and most influential, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15971991\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aunt Jane of Kentucky\",\n \"text\": \"Aunt Jane of Kentucky Aunt Jane of Kentucky is a collection of nine short stories written by American author Eliza \\\"Lida\\\" Calvert Obenchain. Obenchain wrote the book under the pen name Eliza Calvert Hall, a pseudonym that she frequently used when writing her fictional works. Set in rural western Kentucky in the late nineteenth century, the book recounts an elderly quilt-maker Aunt Jane's memories of life in the rural south as told to an unnamed younger woman visitor. The collection under the title \\\"Aunt Jane of Kentucky\\\" was first published together in 1907. The book appeared in at least thirty-three\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14397705\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Val A. Browning\",\n \"text\": \"children. They lived in Belgium until 1935 when Browning returned to Utah as president of Browning Arms Company. Browning received 48 gun patents during his career, compared to his father John Browning's 128 American gun patents. In 1955, Val Browning was awarded Knighthood in the Order of Léopold by King Baudouin of Belgium for an \\\"outstanding contribution to the Gun Making Art;\\\" an honor that had been bestowed upon his father in 1914. Browning spent his career representing business interests in the United States and Europe. In addition to chairing Browning Arms, he served as director of the First Security\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8072128\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Closet drama\",\n \"text\": \"both plays have been frequently staged. Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and Alexander Pushkin devoted much time to the closet drama. The popularity of closet drama at this time was both a sign of, and a reaction to, the decline of the verse tragedy on the European stage in the 1800s. Popular tastes in theater were shifting toward melodrama and comedy and there was little commercial appeal in staging verse tragedies (though Coleridge, Robert Browning, and others wrote verse dramas that were staged in commercial theaters). Playwrights who wanted to write verse tragedy had to resign themselves to writing for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3893726\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Beautiful Name\",\n \"text\": \"on the chart. What a Beautiful Name also leads the CCLI, the international licensing service for 250,000 churches. The YouTube video has more than 220 million views as of 23 April 2018. \\\"What a Beautiful Name\\\" is a track from Hillsong Worship's 25th live album, \\\"Let There Be Light\\\". The album was released on 14 October 2016, and debuted as No. 1 on the Top Christian Albums chart. For 2017, \\\"Let There be Light\\\" was ranked the No. 9 of the year. Hillsong Worship was named Billboard's Top Christian Artist of 2017, as well as Top Christian Duo/Group. \\\"What a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19789532\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\",\n \"text\": \"Home claimed was Browning's son who had died in infancy: Browning seized the \\\"materialization\\\" and discovered it to be Home's bare foot. To make the deception worse, Browning had never lost a son in infancy. After the séance, Browning wrote an angry letter to \\\"The Times\\\", in which he said: \\\"the whole display of hands, spirit utterances etc., was a cheat and imposture.\\\" In 1902 Browning's son Pen wrote: \\\"Home was detected in a vulgar fraud.\\\" Elizabeth, however, was convinced that the phenomena she witnessed were genuine, and her discussions about Home with her husband were a constant source of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"715007\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Junie Browning\",\n \"text\": \"by locals involved with the Thai mafia. On his Facebook profile, Browning admits to getting into a bar fight after someone \\\"and about 10 of his friends started a fight\\\". The fight resulted in Browning having to go to the hospital for treatment. He suffered from numerous gashes to the head and neck and a stab wound to the arm. His offenders suffered no serious injuries other than minor abrasions to their hands and lower arms. Browning has since moved back to Lexington, Kentucky and has taken on the role of a coach at 4 Seasons MMA with long-time friend\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12494571\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\",\n \"text\": \"Civil War. Later in life, he even championed animal rights in several poems attacking vivisection. He was also a stalwart opponent of anti-Semitism, leading to speculation that Browning himself was Jewish. In 1877 he wrote a poem explaining \\\"Why I am a Liberal\\\" in which he declared: \\\"Who then dares hold -- emancipated thus / His fellow shall continue bound? Not I.\\\" Browning was raised in an evangelical non-conformist household. However, after his reading of Shelley he is said to have briefly become an atheist. Browning is also said to have made an uncharacteristic admission of faith to Alfred Domett,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"715005\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Drama, Šentjernej\",\n \"text\": \"to nearby Hrvaški Brod, also transferring the name \\\"Gutenwerth\\\" to the new location. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Drama served as a river port for the surrounding countryside until the road from Novo Mesto to Sisak was built at the end of the 18th century. A road linking Dobrava pri Škocjanu to Šentjernej was built past the village in 1968. The local church—built north of the village in what used to be the settlement of Otok and on the edge of what was the medieval market town of Gutenwerth, which was destroyed in the late 15th century—is dedicated to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14254477\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bowling Green, Kentucky\",\n \"text\": \"commissioners' meeting (1798), which named the town \\\"Bolin Green\\\" after the Bowling Green in New York City, where patriots had pulled down a statue of King George III and used the lead to make bullets during the American Revolution. According to the \\\"Encyclopedia of Kentucky\\\", the name was derived from Bowling Green, Virginia, from where early migrants had come, or the personal \\\"ball alley game\\\" of founder Robert Moore. Early records indicate that the city name was also spelled \\\"Bowlingreen\\\". By 1810, Bowling Green had 154 residents. Growth in steamboat commerce and the proximity of the Barren River increased Bowling\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1080613\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Kentucky Cycle\",\n \"text\": \"The Kentucky Cycle The Kentucky Cycle is a series of nine one-act plays by Robert Schenkkan that explores American mythology, particularly the mythology of the West, through the intertwined histories of three fictional families struggling over a portion of land in the Cumberland Plateau. The play won the 1992 Pulitzer Prize for Drama. \\\"The Kentucky Cycle\\\" was the result of several years of development, starting in New York City at New Dramatists and the Ensemble Studio Theatre. The two-part, six-hour epic was further developed at the Taper Lab New Work Festival Center Theatre Group/Mark Taper Forum and the Sundance Institute.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4741823\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen\",\n \"text\": \"Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen is a 2004 American teen musical comedy film directed by Sara Sugarman and produced by Robert Shapiro and Mathew Hart for Walt Disney Pictures. It stars Lindsay Lohan as an aspiring teenaged actress whose family moves from New York City to New Jersey, Adam Garcia as her favorite rock musician, Glenne Headly as her mother, and Alison Pill as her best friend. The screenplay is by Gail Parent and is based on Dyan Sheldon’s 1999 novel of the same name. It was released in late February 2004 to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2664593\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography\",\n \"text\": \"was one of the best known of Forster's biographies in 2016. \\\"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\\\" is the first full biography of the poet to be published since Gardner Taplin's life of 1957, and reviews substantial material uncovered during the intervening thirty years, including letters, diaries, papers and juvenilia collected by Philip Kelley and others. Forster draws on the new material to expand on Barrett Browning's life before she met Robert Browning in 1845, at the age of almost forty. She stresses the importance of Barrett Browning's rural childhood at Hope End in Herefordshire, and discusses the nature of her mysterious childhood\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19326448\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Junie Browning\",\n \"text\": \"and trainer Michael O'Donnell. In recent posts on Facebook, Junie has claimed he has found a true passion in \\\"being alive\\\" and has taken to training the students . As of 11/12/2012, Browning has posted on Facebook he is one month sober and continues to reside in Kentucky. After nearly four years away from active professional MMA competition, Browning returned in October 2016 to face Jeremy Myers in a welterweight bout at Hardrock MMA 84. He won the fight via TKO in the first round. Junie Browning Junie Allen Browning (born May 12, 1985) is an American mixed martial artist.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12494572\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Poetic diction\",\n \"text\": \"for the given poetic form. Pastoral, lyric, and philosophical poetry was scrutinized for the right type of vocabulary as well as the most meaningful. Joseph Addison and Richard Steele discussed poetic diction in \\\"The Spectator,\\\" and Alexander Pope satirized inappropriate poetic diction in his 1727 \\\"Peri Bathos.\\\" In an appendix, \\\"By what is usually called poetic diction\\\", Wordsworth goes on to define the poetic diction he rejects as above all characterized by heightened and unusual words and especially by \\\"a mechanical adoption of... figures of speech, ... sometimes with propriety, but much more frequently applied... to feelings and ideas with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4245252\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Oscar Browning\",\n \"text\": \"leading literary figures such as Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Algernon Swinburne, and the unrelated Robert Browning. According to the critic Noel Annan, writing in 1983, Oscar Browning introduced himself presumptuously to the Poet Laureate with the words \\\"Hello, Tennyson, I'm Browning\\\", and received the reply \\\"No, you're not\\\". In 1881 Browning became treasurer of the Cambridge Union, a post he held for 21 years. In 1887 he became president of Footlights, serving until 1895. By 1888 he was sufficiently well known to be the subject of a caricature by W.B. Hayes (\\\"Hay\\\"), as one of the \\\"Men of the Day\\\", in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4263643\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Browning, Wisconsin\",\n \"text\": \"Browning, Wisconsin Browning is a town in Taylor County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 850 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of Gad is located in the town. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 36.5 square miles (94.6 km²), of which, 36.5 square miles (94.5 km²) of it is land and 0.03% is water. The south and east edges of the six by six mile square that would become Browning were first surveyed in 1851 by crews working for the U.S. government. In the fall of 1861 a different crew\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1261923\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Logan Browning\",\n \"text\": \"the YouTube comedic series \\\"Shit Southern Women Say\\\". In July 2016, it was announced that Browning would star in the role of Samantha White in the Netflix satirical-drama series \\\"Dear White People\\\". Logan Browning Logan Laurice Browning (born June 9, 1989) is an American actress. She is best known for starring as Samantha White in the 2017 Netflix satirical-drama series \\\"Dear White People\\\". She is also known for playing Sasha in the 2007 film \\\"Bratz: The Movie\\\", Brianna Ortiz in \\\"Meet the Browns\\\", Jelena Howard on the VH1 series \\\"Hit the Floor\\\" and Zora in the Playstation Network series \\\"Powers\\\".\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10601457\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Poetic naturalism\",\n \"text\": \"not naturally emerge from a purely scientific approach. Science is a rigorous method of finding what is true or false, while poetic naturalism encourages extending the conversation to include contemplation into what is right and wrong. It integrates scientific reasoning methods into our personal purpose-seeking and meaning-making, with an emphasis on Bayesian techniques. Poetic naturalism Poetic naturalism is a philosophical approach to naturalism which encourages a variety of ways to talk about the world, using language dependent upon the aspect of reality being discussed. The term was coined by Sean M. Carroll in his book \\\"The Big Picture: On the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19685675\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Poetic justice\",\n \"text\": \"Poetic justice Poetic justice is a literary device in which ultimately virtue is rewarded and viciousness is punished. In modern literature it is often accompanied by an ironic twist of fate related to the character's own action. English drama critic Thomas Rymer coined the phrase in \\\"The Tragedies of the Last Age Considere'd\\\" (1678) to describe how a work should inspire proper moral behaviour in its audience by illustrating the triumph of good over evil. The demand for poetic justice is consistent in Classical authorities and shows up in Horace, Plutarch, and Quintillian, so Rymer's phrasing is a reflection of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2693532\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\",\n \"text\": \"of the British Museum and wrote to Browning, then in Florence to ask if he was the author. John Stuart Mill, however, wrote that the author suffered from an \\\"intense and morbid self-consciousness\\\". Later Browning was rather embarrassed by the work, and only included it in his collected poems of 1868 after making substantial changes and adding a preface in which he asked for indulgence for a boyish work. In 1834, he accompanied the Chevalier George de Benkhausen, the Russian consul-general, on a brief visit to St Petersburg and began \\\"Paracelsus\\\", which was published in 1835. The subject of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"714998\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\",\n \"text\": \"the arts. By 12, Browning had written a book of poetry which he later destroyed when no publisher could be found. After being at one or two private schools, and showing an insuperable dislike of school life, he was educated at home by a tutor via the resources of his father's extensive library. By 14 he was fluent in French, Greek, Italian and Latin. He became a great admirer of the Romantic poets, especially Shelley. Following the precedent of Shelley, Browning became an atheist and vegetarian. At 16, he studied Greek at University College London but left after his first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"714995\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pete Browning\",\n \"text\": \"spite of serious medical afflictions which rendered him virtually deaf and subjected him to massive headaches, he resorted to alcohol to subdue the pain, but continued to hit well even as his drinking increased. He was also known as \\\"The Gladiator\\\", though sources differ as to whether the nickname applied to his struggles with ownership, the press, his drinking problem, or particularly elusive fly balls. Born in Louisville, Kentucky, Browning was the youngest of eight children. His father, a grocer, was killed by a tornado when Browning was thirteen years old. Young Pete remained with his mother, ultimately living in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5440545\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Val A. Browning\",\n \"text\": \"Val A. Browning Val Allen Browning (August 20, 1895 – May 16, 1994) was an American industrialist, philanthropist and third-generation gunmaker. His grandfather, Jonathan Browning, opened a gun shop in Ogden, Utah in 1852, and his father, John Browning, is regarded as one of the most successful firearms designers of the 20th century. Born in Ogden, Utah Territory, Browning graduated from Ogden High School in 1913 and later studied law and engineering at Cornell University. As a young man he worked in the shop his grandfather had opened. In 1918, Browning was commissioned as a second lieutenant with the United\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8072126\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\",\n \"text\": \"In these years Browning was fascinated by, and learned from, the art and atmosphere of Italy. He would, in later life, describe Italy as his university. As Elizabeth had inherited money of her own, the couple were reasonably comfortable in Italy, and their relationship together was happy. However, the literary assault on Browning's work did not let up and he was critically dismissed further, by patrician writers such as Charles Kingsley, for the desertion of England for foreign lands. Browning identified as a Liberal, supported the emancipation of women, and opposed slavery, expressing sympathy for the North in the American\",\n \"psg_id\": \"715004\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Smashing Bird I Used to Know\",\n \"text\": \"that she should face up to them by returning to the remand home. Nicki is initially unconvinced, but finally realises that he is right. She agrees to being driven back; but as they arrive at a bridge with a bottleneck passage, an approaching truck causes them to veer off the road and over the bridge to their deaths. The Smashing Bird I Used to Know The Smashing Bird I Used to Know is a 1969 British drama/sexploitation film, directed by Robert Hartford-Davis and starring Renée Asherson, Patrick Mower, Dennis Waterman, Madeleine Hinde and Maureen Lipman. As with other Hartford-Davis films,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14903215\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Marcus Browning\",\n \"text\": \"4–3 defeat to Chelmsford City. On Thursday 5 November 2009 it was confirmed that Browning had returned to Dean Court as a youth coach. Browning, who made more than 200 appearances for the club between 2002 and 2007, works with the U18s on a part-time basis, his appointment funded with the help of Brockenhurst College, while continuing playing, initially with Bath City in the Conference South, and from December 2010 with Poole Town. He has 3 children, one playing for Poole town first team and under 18's named Morgan Browning Marcus Browning Marcus Trevor Browning (born 22 April 1971) is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8399723\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Derek Browning\",\n \"text\": \"anniversary of the finding of the bones of King Robert the Bruce. In May 2018 Browning preached at the Liberation Day service on Guernsey. Derek Browning enjoys reading, cooking and playing croquet. Derek Browning Derek Browning (born 24 May 1962) is a minister of the Church of Scotland, who was the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland from May 2017 to May 2018 Derek Browning was born on 24 May 1962 in Edinburgh, Scotland. He was educated at North Berwick High School, a state secondary school in North Berwick, East Lothian. He read history at Corpus\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20104744\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Poetic Yesterday\",\n \"text\": \"guitar. The name 'A Poetic Yesterday' was thought of by a friend while at a jam session with the band and their friends. The band was joined on bass for its first few shows by Steven Williams, a friend of the band who was later replaced by Gavin's brother and current bassist Ryan Stewart. The band recorded their debut EP 'Lip Rings Covered in Lies' in 2006. After gigging around the country for several years the band recorded the songs 'Tony Jaa Will Kick Your Ass' and 'Serenade For Spiders' to be sent to various record labels, eventually resulting in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15977739\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["pipa passes","song from pippa passes","pippa passes"],"string":"[\n \"pipa passes\",\n \"song from pippa passes\",\n \"pippa passes\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":296,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what were the names of the brothers karamozov in the novel by feodor dostoevsky?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"The Brothers Karamazov","text":"Kyodai\" (2013, created by Misato Sato) is a modern retelling of the book. Footnotes Bibliography The Brothers Karamazov The Brothers Karamazov (, \"Brat'ya Karamazovy\", ), also translated as The Karamazov Brothers, is the final novel by the Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky. Dostoevsky spent nearly two years writing \"The Brothers Karamazov\", which was published as a serial in \"The Russian Messenger\" from January 1879 to November 1880. Dostoevsky died less than four months after its publication. \"The Brothers Karamazov\" is a passionate philosophical novel set in 19th-century Russia, that enters deeply into the ethical debates of God, free will, and morality.","psg_id":"3005755"},{"title":"The Brothers Karamazov","text":"The Brothers Karamazov The Brothers Karamazov (, \"Brat'ya Karamazovy\", ), also translated as The Karamazov Brothers, is the final novel by the Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky. Dostoevsky spent nearly two years writing \"The Brothers Karamazov\", which was published as a serial in \"The Russian Messenger\" from January 1879 to November 1880. Dostoevsky died less than four months after its publication. \"The Brothers Karamazov\" is a passionate philosophical novel set in 19th-century Russia, that enters deeply into the ethical debates of God, free will, and morality. It is a spiritual drama of moral struggles concerning faith, doubt, judgment, and reason, set","psg_id":"3005721"},{"title":"The Double (Dostoevsky novel)","text":"The Double (Dostoevsky novel) The Double (, \"Dvoynik\") is a novella written by Fyodor Dostoevsky. It was first published on January 30, 1846 in the \"Fatherland Notes\". It was subsequently revised and republished by Dostoevsky in 1866. \"The Double\" centers on a government clerk who goes mad. It deals with the internal psychological struggle of its main character, Yakov Petrovich Golyadkin, who repeatedly encounters someone who is his exact double in appearance but confident, aggressive, and extroverted, characteristics that are the polar opposites to those of the toadying \"pushover\" protagonist. The motif of the novella is a doppelgänger (\"dvoynik\"). Golyadkin","psg_id":"4470534"},{"title":"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)","text":"Demons (Dostoevsky novel) Demons (pre-reform Russian: ; post-reform ; sometimes also called The Possessed or The Devils) is a novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky, first published in the journal \"The Russian Messenger\" in 1871–2. It is considered one of the four masterworks written by Dostoevsky after his return from Siberian exile, along with \"Crime and Punishment\" (1866), \"The Idiot\" (1869) and \"The Brothers Karamazov\" (1880). \"Demons\" is a social and political satire, a psychological drama, and large scale tragedy. Joyce Carol Oates has described it as \"Dostoevsky's most confused and violent novel, and his most satisfactorily 'tragic' work.\" According to Ronald","psg_id":"3403344"},{"title":"The Double (Dostoevsky novel)","text":"however, its idea was rather lucid, and I have never expressed in my writings anything more serious. Still, as far as form was concerned, I failed utterly.\" Vladimir Nabokov, who generally regarded Dostoevsky as a \"rather mediocre\" writer called \"The Double\" \"the best thing he ever wrote,\" saying that it is \"a perfect work of art.\" The story was adapted into an English play of the same name, which was later adapted into a 2013 film of the same name, starring Jesse Eisenberg. The Double (Dostoevsky novel) The Double (, \"Dvoynik\") is a novella written by Fyodor Dostoevsky. It was","psg_id":"4470541"},{"title":"All the Brothers Were Valiant (novel)","text":"and the first U.K edition by Mills & Boon (London, 1920). (plain text) All the Brothers Were Valiant (novel) All the Brothers Were Valiant is a 1919 novel by Ben Ames Williams. It was Williams' first novel. It has been adapted to film three times, all by MGM: \"All the Brothers Were Valiant\" (1923), \"Across to Singapore\" (1928) and \"All the Brothers Were Valiant\" (1953). Bem Ames Williams (1889-1953), was the author of over 30 novels in different genres and fields. He reached the height of his career when three of his novels were adapted to the big screen: Subsequent","psg_id":"10141838"},{"title":"All the Brothers Were Valiant (novel)","text":"All the Brothers Were Valiant (novel) All the Brothers Were Valiant is a 1919 novel by Ben Ames Williams. It was Williams' first novel. It has been adapted to film three times, all by MGM: \"All the Brothers Were Valiant\" (1923), \"Across to Singapore\" (1928) and \"All the Brothers Were Valiant\" (1953). Bem Ames Williams (1889-1953), was the author of over 30 novels in different genres and fields. He reached the height of his career when three of his novels were adapted to the big screen: Subsequent re-impressions include Grosset & Dunlap (New York, 1919), E.P. Dutton (New York, 1919)","psg_id":"10141837"},{"title":"The Brothers Karamazov","text":"Wallace's novel \"Infinite Jest\". Joseph Stalin had read Dostoevsky since his youth and considered the author as a great psychologist. His copy of \"The Brothers Karamazov\" reveals extensive highlights and notes in the margins that he made while reading the work, which have been studied and analyzed by multiple researchers. The President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin has described \"The Brothers Karamazov\" as one of his favorite books. According to Serbian state news agency Tanjug, Serbian president Aleksandar Vučić described Fyodor Dostoevsky as his dearest novelist. He also said that \"\"The Brothers Karamazov\" may be the best work of","psg_id":"3005752"},{"title":"The Double (Dostoevsky novel)","text":"for total freedom of expression becomes a self-destructive impulse.’\" This individualistic focus is often contextualized by scholars, such as Joseph Frank, who emphasize that Golyadkin's identity is crushed by the bureaucracy and stifling society he lives in. The final context of understanding for \"The Double\" that transcends all three categories is the ongoing debate about its literary quality. While the majority of scholars have regarded it as somewhere from \"too fragile to bear its significance\" to utterly unreadable, there have been two notable exceptions. Dostoevsky wrote in A Writer's Diary that \"Most decidedly, I did not succeed with that novel;","psg_id":"4470540"},{"title":"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)","text":"a student at the academy, and had been much interested in his rejection of radicalism and exhortation of the Russian Orthodox Church and the House of Romanov as the true custodians of Russia's destiny. He was horrified to hear of Ivanov's murder by the Nechayevists, and vowed to write a political novel about what he called \"the most important problem of our time.\" Prior to this Dostoevsky had been working on a philosophical novel (entitled 'The Life of a Great Sinner') examining the psychological and moral implications of atheism. The political polemic and parts of the philosophical novel were merged","psg_id":"3403350"},{"title":"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)","text":"Pyotr hit upon.\" In his book \"Dostoyevsky in Manhattan\" French philosopher André Glucksmann argued that 'nihilism', as depicted in \"Demons\", is the underlying idea or 'characteristic form' of modern terrorism. This is a list of the unabridged English translations of the novel: Demons (Dostoevsky novel) Demons (pre-reform Russian: ; post-reform ; sometimes also called The Possessed or The Devils) is a novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky, first published in the journal \"The Russian Messenger\" in 1871–2. It is considered one of the four masterworks written by Dostoevsky after his return from Siberian exile, along with \"Crime and Punishment\" (1866), \"The Idiot\"","psg_id":"3403420"},{"title":"The Flying Karamazov Brothers","text":"The Flying Karamazov Brothers The Flying Karamazov Brothers (FKB) are a juggling and comedy troupe who have been performing since 1973. They learned their trade performing as street artists in Santa Cruz, California. They began by busking, but have gone on to perform internationally, including on Broadway stages. The \"brothers\" take their act's name from the Fyodor Dostoevsky novel \"The Brothers Karamazov\", and draw parallels between themselves and the characters of the novel. Though they refer to themselves onstage as \"brothers\", none of them are actually blood relatives. The troupe is led by its sole remaining co-founder Paul David Magid","psg_id":"5724398"},{"title":"The Blues Brothers (novel)","text":"currently out of print. The Blues Brothers (novel) The Blues Brothers is a book written by Crawdaddy! reporter Miami Mitch (Glazer) and published in 1980. The novel was based on the original version of \"The Blues Brothers\" screenplay written by Dan Aykroyd and John Landis. However, the original script that was used for the basis of the novel evolved so dramatically into what was used in the film that the two works only scantly resemble each other. The book contains eight glossy pages of black-and-white stills from the film, two per page. Scene breaks are marked by two pairs of","psg_id":"10282602"},{"title":"The Blues Brothers (novel)","text":"The Blues Brothers (novel) The Blues Brothers is a book written by Crawdaddy! reporter Miami Mitch (Glazer) and published in 1980. The novel was based on the original version of \"The Blues Brothers\" screenplay written by Dan Aykroyd and John Landis. However, the original script that was used for the basis of the novel evolved so dramatically into what was used in the film that the two works only scantly resemble each other. The book contains eight glossy pages of black-and-white stills from the film, two per page. Scene breaks are marked by two pairs of sunglasses. This title is","psg_id":"10282601"},{"title":"The Brothers Karamazov","text":"against a modernizing Russia, with a plot which revolves around the subject of patricide. Dostoevsky composed much of the novel in Staraya Russa, which inspired the main setting. Since its publication, it has been acclaimed as one of the supreme achievements in world literature. Although Dostoevsky began his first notes for \"The Brothers Karamazov\" in April 1878, he had written several unfinished works years earlier. He would incorporate some elements into his future work, particularly from the planned epos \"The Life of a Great Sinner\", which he began work on in the summer of 1869. It eventually remained unfinished after","psg_id":"3005722"},{"title":"The Brothers Karamazov","text":"a personal tragedy altered the work. In May 1878, Dostoevsky's three-year-old son Alyosha died of epilepsy, a condition inherited from his father. The novelist's grief is apparent throughout the book; Dostoevsky named the hero Alyosha, as well as imbuing him with qualities which he sought and most admired. His loss is also reflected in the story of Captain Snegiryov and his young son Ilyusha. The death of his son brought Dostoevsky to the Optina Monastery later that year. There, he found inspiration for several aspects of \"The Brothers Karamazov\", though at the time he intended to write a novel about","psg_id":"3005725"},{"title":"The House of the Dead (novel)","text":"The House of the Dead (novel) The House of the Dead (, \"Zapiski iz Myortvogo doma\") is a semi-autobiographical novel published in 1860–2 in the journal \"Vremya\" by Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky, which portrays the life of convicts in a Siberian prison camp. The novel has also been published under the titles Memoirs from the House of The Dead, Notes from the Dead House (or Notes from a Dead House), and Notes from the House of the Dead. The book is a loosely-knit collection of facts, events and philosophical discussion organised by \"theme\" rather than as a continuous story. Dostoevsky","psg_id":"2624177"},{"title":"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)","text":"epigraph, and Dostoevsky's thoughts on its relevance to Russia are given voice by Stepan Verkhovensky on his deathbed near the end of the novel. In late 1860s Russia there was an unusual level of political unrest caused by student groups influenced by liberal, socialist and revolutionary ideas imported from Europe. In 1869, Dostoevsky conceived the idea of a 'pamphlet novel' directed against the radicals. He focused on the group organized by young agitator Sergey Nechayev, particularly their murder of a former comrade—Ivan Ivanov—at the Petrovskaya Agricultural Academy in Moscow. Dostoevsky had first heard of Ivanov from his brother-in-law, who was","psg_id":"3403349"},{"title":"The Brothers Karamazov","text":"world literature\". The philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein is said to have read \"The Brothers Karamazov\" \"so often he knew whole passages of it by heart.” A copy of the novel was one of the few possessions Wittgenstein brought with him to the front during World War I. Martin Heidegger, the seminal figure of existentialism, identified Dostoevsky's thought as one of the most important sources for his early and best known book, \"Being and Time\". Of the two portraits Heidegger kept on the wall of his office, one was of Dostoevsky. In an essay on the novel written after the Russian Revolution","psg_id":"3005753"},{"title":"The Brothers Karamazov","text":"and the First World War, Nobel Prize-winning author Hermann Hesse described Dostoevsky as not a \"poet\" but a \"prophet\". The acclaimed novelist W. Somerset Maugham included \"The Brothers Karamazov\" in his list of ten greatest novels in the world. Pope Benedict XVI cited this book in the 2007 encyclical \"Spe Salvi\". This is a list of the unabridged English translations of the novel: There have been several film adaptations of \"The Brothers Karamazov\". They include: A Russian 12-episode mini-series was produced in 2009, and is considered to be as close to the book as possible. The Japanese drama \"Karamazov no","psg_id":"3005754"},{"title":"All the Brothers Were Valiant","text":"All the Brothers Were Valiant All the Brothers Were Valiant is a 1953 Technicolor adventure drama film made by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), based on the 1919 novel \"All the Brothers Were Valiant\" by Ben Ames Williams. The 1953 MGM film is a remake of the 1923 silent film that starred Lon Chaney and made by Metro Pictures (a forerunner of MGM), that is now considered lost; as is the 1928 MGM version, \"Across to Singapore\", which starred Ramon Novarro. The 1953 version is directed by Richard Thorpe and produced by Pandro S. Berman from a screenplay by Harry Brown. The music","psg_id":"9629534"},{"title":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","text":"Dostoevsky incorporated religious themes, especially those of Russian Orthodoxy, into his writing. Elements of gothic fiction, romanticism, and satire are observable in some of his books. He frequently used autobiographical or semi-autobiographical details. Dostoevsky's works were often called \"philosophical\", although he described himself as \"weak in philosophy\". \"Fyodor Mikhailovich loved these questions about the essence of things and the limits of knowledge\", wrote Strakhov. Although theologian George Florovsky described Dostoevsky as a \"philosophical problem\", because it is unknown whether Dostoevsky believed in what he wrote, many philosophical ideas are found in books such as \"A Writer's Diary\" and \"The Brothers","psg_id":"153582"},{"title":"The Gambler (novel)","text":"The Gambler (novel) The Gambler (, \"Igrok\"; modern spelling Игрок) is a short novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky about a young tutor in the employment of a formerly wealthy Russian general. The novella reflects Dostoevsky's own addiction to roulette, which was in more ways than one the inspiration for the book: Dostoevsky completed the novella under a strict deadline to pay off gambling debts. \"The Gambler\" treated a subject Fyodor Dostoevsky himself was familiar with—gambling. Fyodor Dostoevsky gambled for the first time at the tables at Wiesbaden in 1863. From that time till 1871, when his passion for gambling subsided, he","psg_id":"1618563"},{"title":"The Brothers Karamazov","text":"writing about Einstein's admiration of the novel, wrote, \"\"The Brothers Karamazov\" - that for him in 1919 was the supreme summit of all literature. It remained so when I talked to him in 1937, and probably until the end of his life.\" Sigmund Freud called it \"the most magnificent novel ever written\" and was fascinated with the book for its Oedipal themes. In 1928 Freud published a paper titled \"Dostoevsky and Parricide\" in which he investigated Dostoevsky's own neuroses. Freud claimed that Dostoevsky's epilepsy was not a natural condition but instead a physical manifestation of the author's hidden guilt over","psg_id":"3005747"},{"title":"All the Brothers Were Valiant","text":"to film as a follow up, also starring Taylor and Granger. It was never made. All the Brothers Were Valiant All the Brothers Were Valiant is a 1953 Technicolor adventure drama film made by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), based on the 1919 novel \"All the Brothers Were Valiant\" by Ben Ames Williams. The 1953 MGM film is a remake of the 1923 silent film that starred Lon Chaney and made by Metro Pictures (a forerunner of MGM), that is now considered lost; as is the 1928 MGM version, \"Across to Singapore\", which starred Ramon Novarro. The 1953 version is directed by Richard","psg_id":"9629539"},{"title":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","text":"of which profoundly influenced \"The Trial\". Sigmund Freud called \"The Brothers Karamazov\" \"the most magnificent novel ever written\". Modern cultural movements such as the surrealists, the existentialists and the Beats cite Dostoevsky as an influence, and he is cited as the forerunner of Russian symbolism, existentialism, expressionism and psychoanalysis. In 1956 an olive-green postage stamp dedicated to Dostoevsky was released in the Soviet Union, with a print run of 1,000 copies. A Dostoevsky Museum was opened on 12 November 1971 in the apartment where he wrote his first and final novels. A crater on Mercury was named after him in","psg_id":"153587"},{"title":"The House of the Dead (novel)","text":"release from the camp. It is a work of great humanity; Dostoevsky portrays the inmates of the prison with sympathy for their plight, and also expresses admiration for their energy, ingenuity and talent. He concludes that the existence of the prison, with its absurd practices and savage corporal punishments is a tragic fact, both for the prisoners and for Russia. Many of the characters in the novel were very similar to the real-life people that Dostoevsky met while in prison. While many of the characters do mirror real-life people, he has also made some of the characters appear more interesting","psg_id":"2624181"},{"title":"The Names (novel)","text":"in the activities of corporations; in the relationship between men and women; in the behavior of terrorists. Nonetheless, the relationship between the \"stronger\" and the \"weaker\" is not simply reducible to \"oppressor\" and \"oppressed\". Sometimes the weaker force is complicit with, or distorts the nature of, the stronger. It was announced on April 7, 2015 that American writer-director Alex Ross Perry has optioned \"The Names\" for a film adaptation. The Names (novel) The Names (1982) is the seventh novel of American novelist Don DeLillo. The work, set mostly in Greece, is primarily a series of character studies, interwoven with a","psg_id":"7033865"},{"title":"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)","text":"is generally included in modern editions as an appendix. It has also been published separately, translated from Russian to English by S. S. Koteliansky and Virginia Woolf, with an essay on Dostoevsky by Sigmund Freud. Dostoevsky wrote to Maykov that the chief theme of his novel was \"the very one over which, consciously and unconsciously, I have been tormented all my life: it is the existence of God.\" Much of the plot develops out of the tension between belief and non-belief, and the words and actions of most of the characters seem to be intimately bound to the position they","psg_id":"3403400"},{"title":"The Brothers Karamazov","text":"The similarly unfinished \"Sorokoviny\" (Сороковины), dated 1 August 1875, is reflected in book IX, chapter 3–5 and book XI, chapter nine. In the October 1877 \"A Writer's Diary\" article \"To the Reader\", Dostoevsky mentioned a \"literary work that has imperceptibly and involuntarily been taking shape within me over these two years of publishing the \"Diary\"\". His \"Diary\", a collection of numerous articles, had included similar themes \"The Brothers Karamazov\" would later borrow from. These include patricide, law and order and social problems. Although Dostoevsky was influenced by religion and philosophy, in his life and the writing of \"The Brothers Karamazov\",","psg_id":"3005724"},{"title":"What the Brothers Sang","text":"What the Brothers Sang What the Brothers Sang is an album by Dawn McCarthy (of Faun Fables) and Bonnie 'Prince' Billy. The album was released on February 19, 2013. The album features covers of songs that appeared on albums by The Everly Brothers. The duo preceded this album with the \"Christmas Eve Can Kill You\" 7\" single in late 2012, also featuring two covers of songs earlier performed by the Everlys. What the Brothers Sang was the first of three major albums released in 2013 to feature Everly Brothers covers in their entirety, the second being A Date with the","psg_id":"18749336"},{"title":"The Names (novel)","text":"The Names (novel) The Names (1982) is the seventh novel of American novelist Don DeLillo. The work, set mostly in Greece, is primarily a series of character studies, interwoven with a plot about a mysterious \"language cult\" that is behind a number of unexplained murders. Among the many themes explored throughout the work is the intersection of language and culture, the perception of American culture from both within and outside its borders, and the impact that narration has on the facts of a story. At the core of the book is the problem of language. Language is the way we","psg_id":"7033861"},{"title":"The Brothers Karamazov","text":"childhood instead. Parts of the biographical section of Zosima's life are based on \"The Life of the Elder Leonid\", a text he found at Optina and copied \"almost word for word\". Although written in the 19th century, \"The Brothers Karamazov\" displays a number of modern elements. Dostoevsky composed the book with a variety of literary techniques. Though privy to many of the thoughts and feelings of the protagonists, the narrator is a self-proclaimed writer; he discusses his own mannerisms and personal perceptions so often in the novel that he becomes a character. Through his descriptions, the narrator's voice merges imperceptibly","psg_id":"3005726"},{"title":"What the Brothers Sang","text":"Everly Brothers by the Chapin Sisters and the third being Foreverly by Billie Joe Armstrong and Norah Jones. The album received generally favorable reviews, with a cumulative score of 77/100 based on 16 reviews on the Metacritic review aggregator website. What the Brothers Sang What the Brothers Sang is an album by Dawn McCarthy (of Faun Fables) and Bonnie 'Prince' Billy. The album was released on February 19, 2013. The album features covers of songs that appeared on albums by The Everly Brothers. The duo preceded this album with the \"Christmas Eve Can Kill You\" 7\" single in late 2012,","psg_id":"18749337"},{"title":"The Village of Stepanchikovo","text":"what Dostoevsky considered a humiliatingly low price. The editor of \"The Contemporary\", Nekrasov, was very negative: \"Dostoevsky is finished. He will no longer write anything important.\" The novel was ultimately published in Krayevsky's \"National Annals\". The Village of Stepanchikovo The Village of Stepanchikovo (, \"Selo Stepanchikovo i ego obitateli\"), also known as The Friend of the Family, is a novel written by Fyodor Dostoevsky and first published in 1859. Sergey Alexandrovich (), the narrator, is summoned from St. Petersburg to the estate of his uncle, Colonel Yegor Ilyich Rostanev (), and finds that a middle-aged charlatan named Foma Fomich Opiskin","psg_id":"5152725"},{"title":"The Double (Dostoevsky novel)","text":"element was that Dostoevsky switched the focus from Gogol's social perspective in which the main characters are viewed and interpreted socially to a psychological context that gives the characters more emotional depth and internal motivation. As to the interpretation of the work itself, there are three major trends in scholarship. First, many have said that Golyadkin simply goes insane, probably with schizophrenia. This view is supported by much of the text, particularly Golyadkin's innumerable hallucinations. Second, many have focused on Golyadkin's search for identity. One critic wrote that \"The Double\"'s main idea is that \"'the human will in its search","psg_id":"4470539"},{"title":"The Double (Dostoevsky novel)","text":"see many replicas of himself, has a psychotic break, and is dragged off to an asylum by Doctor Rutenspitz. \"The Double\" is the most Gogolesque of Dostoevsky's works; its subtitle \"A Petersburg Poem\" echoes that of Gogol's \"Dead Souls\". Vladimir Nabokov called it a parody of \"The Overcoat\". Many others have emphasized the relationship between \"The Double\" and other of Gogol's Petersburg Tales. One contemporary critic, Konstantin Aksakov, remarked that \"Dostoevsky alters and wholly repeats Gogol’s phrases.\" Most scholars, however, recognize The Double as Dostoevsky’s response to or innovation on Gogol’s work. For example, A.L. Bem called \"The Double\" \"a","psg_id":"4470537"},{"title":"The House of the Dead (novel)","text":"than their real-life counterparts. \"The House of the Dead\" was Dostoevsky’s only work that Leo Tolstoy revered. In 1927–1928, Leoš Janáček wrote an operatic version of the novel, with the title \"From the House of the Dead\". It was his last opera. In 1932, the novel was adapted to a film, directed by Vasili Fyodorov and starring Nikolay Khmelyov. The House of the Dead (novel) The House of the Dead (, \"Zapiski iz Myortvogo doma\") is a semi-autobiographical novel published in 1860–2 in the journal \"Vremya\" by Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky, which portrays the life of convicts in a Siberian","psg_id":"2624182"},{"title":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","text":"1979, and a minor planet discovered in 1981 by Lyudmila Karachkina was named 3453 Dostoevsky. Music critic and broadcaster Artemy Troitsky has hosted the radio show \"FM Достоевский\" (FM Dostoevsky) since 1997. J.M. Coetzee featured Dostoevsky as the protagonist in his 1997 novel \"The Master of Petersburg\". The famous Malayalam novel \"Oru Sankeerthanam Pole\" by Perumbadavam Sreedharan deals with the life of Dostoevsky and his love affair with Anna. Viewers of the TV show \"Name of Russia\" voted him the ninth greatest Russian of all time, behind chemist Dmitry Mendeleev and ahead of ruler Ivan IV. An Eagle Award-winning TV","psg_id":"153588"},{"title":"The Brothers Karamazov","text":"his father's death. According to Freud, Dostoevsky (and all other sons) wished for the death of his father because of latent desire for his mother; and as evidence Freud cites the fact that Dostoevsky's epileptic fits did not begin until he turned 18, the year his father died. The themes of patricide and guilt, especially in the form of moral guilt illustrated by Ivan Karamazov, would then obviously follow for Freud as literary evidence of this theory. Franz Kafka is another writer who felt immensely indebted to Dostoevsky and \"The Brothers Karamazov\" for influencing his own work. Kafka called himself","psg_id":"3005748"},{"title":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","text":"the insanity of gambling were there to know\". James Joyce praised Dostoevsky's prose: \"... he is the man more than any other who has created modern prose, and intensified it to its present-day pitch. It was his explosive power which shattered the Victorian novel with its simpering maidens and ordered commonplaces; books which were without imagination or violence.\" In her essay \"The Russian Point of View\", Virginia Woolf said, \"Out of Shakespeare there is no more exciting reading\". Franz Kafka called Dostoevsky his \"blood-relative\" and was heavily influenced by his works, particularly \"The Brothers Karamazov\" and \"Crime and Punishment\", both","psg_id":"153586"},{"title":"What If God Were the Sun?","text":"What If God Were the Sun? What If God Were the Sun? is a 2007 American television film directed by Stephen Tolkin and starring Lacey Chabert and Gena Rowlands. Written by Janet Dulin Jones and Jamie Pachino, based in part on a novel by John Edward, the film is about a dedicated nurse whose life is disrupted by her father's death. After losing her job, she finds comfort and inspiration in caring for a terminally ill woman with a quick wit and strong faith. \"What If God Were the Sun?\" was originally broadcast by Lifetime Television on May 14, 2007.","psg_id":"11497743"},{"title":"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)","text":"darkness of Stavrogin is confronted by the radiance of Bishop Tikhon, a character inspired by Tikhon of Zadonsk. Of Pyotr Verkhovensky, Dostoevsky said that the character is not a portrait of Nechayev but that \"my aroused mind has created by imagination the person, the type, that corresponds to the crime... To my own surprise he half turns out to be a comic figure.\" Most of the nihilist characters associated with Pyotr Verkhovensky were based on individuals who appeared in the transcripts of the trial of the Nechayevists, which were publicly available and studied by Dostoevsky. The character of Shatov represents","psg_id":"3403412"},{"title":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","text":"Russia. Mikhail Bakunin once wrote to Alexander Herzen that the group was \"the most innocent and harmless company\" and its members were \"systematic opponents of all revolutionary goals and means\". Dostoevsky used the circle's library on Saturdays and Sundays and occasionally participated in their discussions on freedom from censorship and the abolition of serfdom. In 1849, the first parts of \"Netochka Nezvanova\", a novel Dostoevsky had been planning since 1846, were published in \"Annals of the Fatherland\", but his banishment ended the project. Dostoevsky never attempted to complete it. The members of the Petrashevsky Circle were denounced to Liprandi, an","psg_id":"153534"},{"title":"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)","text":"of hanging herself. He describes his marriage to Marya Lebyadkina as a deliberate attempt to cripple his own life, largely as a consequence of his inability to forget this episode and the fear he experienced in its aftermath. Dostoevsky considered the chapter to be essential to an understanding of the psychology of Stavrogin, and he tried desperately but unsuccessfully to save it through revisions and concessions to Katkov. He was eventually forced to drop it and rewrite parts of the novel that dealt with its subject matter. He never included the chapter in subsequent publications of the novel, but it","psg_id":"3403399"},{"title":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","text":"analyzed the complicated human structure as Dostoyevsky. His psychologic sense is overwhelming and visionary.\" The Russian literary theorist M. M. Bakhtin's analysis of Dostoevsky came to be at the foundation of his theory of the novel. Bakhtin argued that Dostoevsky's use of multiple voices was a major advancement in the development of the novel as a genre. In his posthumous collection of sketches \"A Moveable Feast\", Ernest Hemingway stated that in Dostoevsky \"there were things believable and not to be believed, but some so true that they changed you as you read them; frailty and madness, wickedness and saintliness, and","psg_id":"153585"},{"title":"The Brothers Ashkenazi","text":"the family relationships he lost. This is a historical novel about Jews in Poland, the Industrial Revolution, and the beginnings of Communism. Moreover, it is a story about a man doing what he does best and chasing false idols, ideologies, and glory; Max longs to be called the King of Lodz. The Brothers Ashkenazi The Brothers Ashkenazi (1936) is a novel by Israel Joshua Singer. Written in Yiddish and published in Poland, it was first translated into English by Maurice Samuel in 1936 and published abroad by Knopf. It was at the top of The New York Times Best Seller","psg_id":"11562438"},{"title":"The Cathedral of the Holy and Righteous Warrior Feodor Ushakov","text":"The Cathedral of the Holy and Righteous Warrior Feodor Ushakov The Cathedral of the Holy and Righteous Warrior Feodor Ushakov () is the major orthodox cathedral in Saransk of the Saransk and Mordovia eparchy. In 1991 by the decision of The Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church the Saransk and Mordovia eparchy parted from the Penza eparchy. The first cathedral of the new administration was named after St. John the Evangelist. It turned out to be too small to serve as a main cathedral. Due to this fact Metropolitan Varsonofiy of Saransk and Mordovia addressed to the authorities of","psg_id":"16580662"},{"title":"The Cathedral of the Holy and Righteous Warrior Feodor Ushakov","text":"floor there is baptistry, a refectory, a sacristy, Sunday school classes and a library. The Cathedral of the Holy and Righteous Warrior Feodor Ushakov The Cathedral of the Holy and Righteous Warrior Feodor Ushakov () is the major orthodox cathedral in Saransk of the Saransk and Mordovia eparchy. In 1991 by the decision of The Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church the Saransk and Mordovia eparchy parted from the Penza eparchy. The first cathedral of the new administration was named after St. John the Evangelist. It turned out to be too small to serve as a main cathedral. Due","psg_id":"16580664"},{"title":"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)","text":"with a grayish little beard, who...keeps raising his fist over his head and bringing it down as if crushing some adversary to dust.\" Dostoevsky biographer Ronald Hingley described the novel as \"an awesome, prophetic warning which humanity, no less possessed of collective and individual devilry in the 1970s than in the 1870s, shows alarmingly few signs of heeding.\" Robert L. Belknap notes its relevance to the twentieth century in general, \"when a few Stavrogins empowered thousands of Pyotr Stepanovichs to drive herds of 'capital', to use Nechayev's term, to slaughter about a hundred million people, the very number Shigalyev and","psg_id":"3403419"},{"title":"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)","text":"Dostoevsky wrote that \"Communism will conquer one day, irrespective of whether the Communists are right or wrong. But this triumph will stand very far from the Kingdom of Heaven. All the same, we must accept that this triumph will come one day, even though none of those who at present steer the world's fate have any idea about it at all.\" Since the Russian Revolution, many commentators have remarked on the prophetic nature of \"Demons\". André Gide, writing in the early 1920s, suggested that \"the whole of (the novel) prophesies the revolution of which Russia is presently in the throes\".","psg_id":"3403417"},{"title":"The Fishermen (Chigozie Obioma novel)","text":"prophecy undoes the family and the expectations the brothers' parents have for them. Obioma has seven brothers and four sisters, and wrote the novel as a tribute to his siblings. Two of Obioma's brothers fought violently when they were children, and Obioma was inspired by what he imagined was the worst possible outcome of those fights. The novel has garnered comparisons to \"Things Fall Apart\" in part due to the central role prophecy has in each novel. However, some critics disputed the validity of the comparisons. It also references the Biblical story of Cain and Abel, and has been referred","psg_id":"19028945"},{"title":"Dostoevsky and Parricide","text":"was satisfied by the punishments he had inflicted on himself, the inhibition on his work became less severe.” Dostoevsky and Parricide \"Dostoevsky and Parricide\" () is an introductory article contributed by Sigmund Freud to a scholarly collection on \"The Brothers Karamazov\" by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. The collection was published in 1928. The article argues that it is no coincidence that some of the greatest works of world literature - including \"Oedipus Rex\", \"Hamlet\", as well as \"The Brothers Karamazov\" – all concern parricide, which in Dostoevsky's case Freud links to his epilepsy. Ernest Jones termed the piece “Freud's last contribution to","psg_id":"8693191"},{"title":"What Is to Be Done? (novel)","text":"work for the revolution, and ruthlessly subordinate everything in their lives to the cause, the work furnished a blueprint for the asceticism and dedication unto death which became an ideal of the early socialist underground of the Russian Empire. The book is perhaps better known in the English-speaking world for the responses it created than as a novel in its own right. Fyodor Dostoevsky mocked the utilitarianism and utopianism of the novel in his 1864 novella \"Notes from Underground\", as well as in his 1872 novel \"Demons\". Leo Tolstoy wrote a different \"What Is To Be Done?\", published in 1886,","psg_id":"8651227"},{"title":"Dostoevsky and Parricide","text":"Dostoevsky and Parricide \"Dostoevsky and Parricide\" () is an introductory article contributed by Sigmund Freud to a scholarly collection on \"The Brothers Karamazov\" by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. The collection was published in 1928. The article argues that it is no coincidence that some of the greatest works of world literature - including \"Oedipus Rex\", \"Hamlet\", as well as \"The Brothers Karamazov\" – all concern parricide, which in Dostoevsky's case Freud links to his epilepsy. Ernest Jones termed the piece “Freud's last contribution to the psychology of literature and his most brilliant”; Freud himself however called it “this trivial essay. It was","psg_id":"8693189"},{"title":"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)","text":"Matryosha, described by Stavrogin in his confessional letter. After her encounter with Stavrogin, she tells her mother that she has \"killed God\". When she hangs herself Stavrogin is present in the next room and aware of what she is doing. A common criticism of \"Demons\", particularly from Dostoevsky's liberal and radical contemporaries, is that it is exaggerated and unrealistic, a result of the author's over-active imagination and excessive interest in the psycho-pathological. However, despite giving freedom to his imagination, Dostoevsky took great pains to derive the novel's characters and story from real people and real ideas of the time. According","psg_id":"3403410"},{"title":"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)","text":"take up within this struggle. Dostoevsky saw atheism as the root cause of Russia's deepening social problems. He further wrote to Maykov: \"a man who loses his people and his national roots also loses the faith of his fathers and his God.\" It is in this letter that he speaks, referring primarily to Stavrogin and secondarily to Stepan Verkhovensky, of the 'Russian Man' as comparable to the man possessed by demons who is healed by Jesus in the parable of the swine. In \"Demons\" the Russian man has lost his true national identity (inextricably linked, for Dostoevsky, with the Orthodox","psg_id":"3403401"},{"title":"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)","text":"man Dostoevsky himself was a member of a radical organisation (the Petrashevsky Circle), for which he was arrested and exiled to a Siberian prison camp. Dostoevsky was an active participant in a secret revolutionary society formed from among the members of the Petrashevsky Circle. The cell's founder and leader, the aristocrat Nikolay Speshnev, is thought by many commentators to be the principal inspiration for the character of Stavrogin. The narrative is written in the first person by a minor character, Anton Lavrentyevich G—v, who is a close friend and confidant of Stepan Verkhovensky. Young, educated, upright and sensible, Anton Lavrentyevich","psg_id":"3403353"},{"title":"The Brothers Karamazov","text":"Dostoevsky was interested in the Nechayev affair, which involved a group of radicals murdering one of their former members. He picked up that story and started with \"Demons\". The unfinished \"Drama in Tobolsk\" (Драма. В Тобольске) is considered the first draft of the first chapter of \"The Brothers Karamazov\". Dated 13 September 1874, it tells about a fictional murder in Staraya Russa committed by a \"praporshchik\" named Dmitry Ilynskov (based on a real soldier from Omsk), who is thought to have murdered his father. It goes on noting that his body was suddenly discovered in a pit under a house.","psg_id":"3005723"},{"title":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","text":"children, while Dostoevsky stayed in St Petersburg to continue with his \"Diary\". In March 1874, Dostoevsky left \"The Citizen\" because of the stressful work and interference from the Russian bureaucracy. In his fifteen months with \"The Citizen\", he had been taken to court twice: on 11 June 1873 for citing the words of Prince Meshchersky without permission, and again on 23 March 1874. Dostoevsky offered to sell a new novel he had not yet begun to write to \"The Russian Messenger\", but the magazine refused. Nikolay Nekrasov suggested that he publish \"A Writer's Diary\" in \"Notes of the Fatherland\"; he","psg_id":"153555"},{"title":"The Brothers Karamazov","text":"the attorney Fetyukovich (based on Vladimir Spasovich) is characterized by malapropisms (e.g. 'robbed' for 'stolen', and at one point declares possible suspects in the murder 'irresponsible' rather than innocent). Several plot digressions provide insight into other apparently minor characters. For example, the narrative in Book Six is almost entirely devoted to Zosima's biography, which contains a confession from a man whom he met many years before. Dostoevsky does not rely on a single source or a group of major characters to convey the themes of this book, but uses a variety of viewpoints, narratives and characters throughout. Although \"The Brothers","psg_id":"3005728"},{"title":"The Gambler (novel)","text":"Guy Retallack. A two-part modern-day adaptation, written by Dolya Gavanski (who also played \"Polina\") and entitled \"The Russian Gambler\", was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 as part of its \"Classic Serial\" series in November 2013 and re-broadcast on BBC Radio 4 Extra in March 2018. The cast also included Ed Stoppard as Alexei. The Gambler (novel) The Gambler (, \"Igrok\"; modern spelling Игрок) is a short novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky about a young tutor in the employment of a formerly wealthy Russian general. The novella reflects Dostoevsky's own addiction to roulette, which was in more ways than one the inspiration","psg_id":"1618576"},{"title":"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)","text":"in the ideas of Petr Tkachev. Tkachev argued that the only biologically possible 'equality' for human beings was \"an organic, physiological equality conditioned by the same education and common living conditions\" and he saw this as the supreme goal of all historical and social progress. Contemporary events in Russia and the terroristic actions of the Paris Commune had convinced Dostoevsky that the world was entering an apocalyptic age. Kjertsaa claims that Dostoevsky did not regard \"Revelation\" as \"merely a consolatory epistle to first century Christians during the persecution they suffered\", but as a \"prophecy being fulfilled in his own time\".","psg_id":"3403416"},{"title":"The Hundred Brothers","text":"The Hundred Brothers The Hundred Brothers is a 1997 novel by American author Donald Antrim. The substance of the novel consists of the nocturnal reunion of one hundred brothers in the library of their ancestral home, as they attempt to locate and inter the ashes of their deceased father, an insane monarch, drink heavily, and manifest a variety of mildly homicidal sibling rivalries. The novel was a finalist for the PEN/Faulkner Award in 1998. In his introduction to the novel, Jonathan Franzen wrote, \"\"The Hundred Brothers\" is possibly the strangest novel ever published by an American. Its author, Donald Antrim,","psg_id":"17855278"},{"title":"The Brothers Karamazov","text":"the translators. In his \"Brothers Karamazov\" the odd, fussy tone of the narrator is well rendered in the preface...At times, indeed, the convoluted style might make the reader unfamiliar with Dostoevsky's Russian question the translator's command of English. More seriously, this literalism means that the dialogue is sometimes impossibly odd—and as a result rather dead...Such 'foreignizing' fidelity makes for difficult reading.\" On the Pevear and Volokhonsky's translation, France writes: \"Pevear and Volokhonsky, while they too stress the need to exhume the real, rough-edged Dostoevsky from the normalization practised by earlier translators, generally offers a rather more satisfactory compromise between the","psg_id":"3005733"},{"title":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","text":"his brother, but when not in a good mood he often looked at everything through dark glasses, became vexed, forgot good manners, and sometimes was carried away to the point of abusiveness and loss of self-awareness\". Dostoevsky's first completed literary work, a translation of Honoré de Balzac's novel \"Eugénie Grandet\", was published in June and July 1843 in the 6th and 7th volume of the journal \"Repertoire and Pantheon\", followed by several other translations. None were successful, and his financial difficulties led him to write a novel. Dostoevsky completed his first novel, \"Poor Folk\", in May 1845. His friend Dmitry","psg_id":"153530"},{"title":"The Idiot","text":"for non-payment of rent, and by the time the novel was finished in January 1869 they had moved between four different cities in Switzerland and Italy. During this time Dostoevsky periodically fell into the grip of his gambling addiction and lost what little money they had on the roulette tables. He was subject to regular and severe epileptic seizures, including one at the time Anna was going into labor with their daughter Sofia, delaying their ability to go for a midwife. The baby died aged only three months, and Dostoevsky blamed himself for the loss. Dostoevsky's notebooks of 1867 reveal","psg_id":"2895236"},{"title":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","text":"When a nine-year-old girl had been raped by a drunk, he was asked to fetch his father to attend to her. The incident haunted him, and the theme of the desire of a mature man for a young girl appears in \"The Devils\", \"The Brothers Karamazov\", \"Crime and Punishment\", and other writings. An incident involving a family servant, or serf, in the estate in Darovoye, is described in \"The Peasant Marey\": when the young Dostoevsky imagines hearing a wolf in the forest, Marey, who is working nearby, comforts him. Although Dostoevsky had a delicate physical constitution, his parents described him","psg_id":"153524"},{"title":"The Brothers Karamazov","text":"and Dostoevsky \"blood relatives\", perhaps because of Dostoevsky's existential motifs. Another interesting parallel between the two authors was their strained relationships with their fathers. Kafka felt immensely drawn to the hatred Fyodor's sons demonstrate toward their father in \"The Brothers Karamazov\" and dealt with the theme of fathers and sons himself in many of his works, most explicitly in his short story \"The Judgment\". James Joyce noted that [Leo] Tolstoy admired him but he thought that he had little artistic accomplishment or mind. Yet, as he said, 'he admired his heart', a criticism which contains a great deal of truth,","psg_id":"3005749"},{"title":"The Hundred Brothers","text":"choreography, in which Doug, the self-appointed Corn King, is the lead dancer who engages all the others as he makes his way around the library.\" A plurality of critics responding to \"The Hundred Brothers\" mention Antrim's rigorous control over the narrative. The novel is a feat of exclusion and inclusion. Excluded from the narrative are: women (including the mother or mothers of the hundred brothers), children, any reference to a particular place or year, any realistic accounting of how there came to be so many brothers, how they fit into a single house, and what their lives outside of the","psg_id":"17855281"},{"title":"The Number of the Beast (novel)","text":"The Number of the Beast (novel) The Number of the Beast is a science fiction novel by American writer Robert A. Heinlein, published in 1980. The first (paperback) edition featured a cover and interior illustrations by Richard M. Powers. Excerpts from the novel were serialized in the magazine \"Omni\" (1979 October, November). The book is a series of diary entries by each of the four main characters: Zebadiah John Carter, programmer Dejah Thoris \"Deety\" Burroughs Carter, her mathematics professor father Jacob Burroughs, and an off-campus socialite Hilda Corners. The names \"Dejah Thoris\", \"Burroughs\", and \"Carter\" are overt references to John","psg_id":"701417"},{"title":"By the Sword (novel)","text":"are given a border town in Valdemar to use as a home base, in gratitude for their assistance, and Kerowyn is able to remain in Valdemar, fulfilling her duties as both a Captain and a Herald. By the Sword (novel) By the Sword is the name of a 1991 fantasy novel by Mercedes Lackey. This is a stand-alone novel which connects the Vows & Honor series to the Valdemar Saga; it introduces the character Kerowyn and fills in what had been some gaps in the series. The teenage daughter of a minor nobleman, Kerowyn has been in charge of managing","psg_id":"5342579"},{"title":"By the Sword (novel)","text":"By the Sword (novel) By the Sword is the name of a 1991 fantasy novel by Mercedes Lackey. This is a stand-alone novel which connects the Vows & Honor series to the Valdemar Saga; it introduces the character Kerowyn and fills in what had been some gaps in the series. The teenage daughter of a minor nobleman, Kerowyn has been in charge of managing her father's household since her mother's death, but hates the life of a noblewoman. She is more than ready to hand the responsibilities of the household over to her younger brother's new wife; however, the keep","psg_id":"5342573"},{"title":"The Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm","text":"begins, \"Once upon a time, there were two brothers\". The children cheer, and the film ends with a caption card that reads \"…and they lived happily ever after\". In the mid 1950s George Pal left Paramount, where he had worked for a number of years. In 1956 he announced the formation of his own company, Galaxy Pictures, saying he would make six films, including an adaptation of \"The Time Machine\" written by David Duncan; \"Captain Cook\", based on the novel \"Lost Eden\"; a film about Atlantis; and \"The Brothers Grimm\" based on a script by David Harmon based on a","psg_id":"8286692"},{"title":"The Idiot","text":"Strakhov he wrote: \"Much in the novel was written hurriedly, much is too diffuse and did not turn out well, but some of it did turn out well. I do not stand behind the novel, but I do stand behind the idea.\" In September 1867, when Dostoevsky began work on what was to become \"The Idiot\", he was living in Switzerland with his new wife Anna Grigoryevna, having left Russia in order to escape his creditors. They were living in extreme poverty, and constantly had to borrow money or pawn their possessions. They were evicted from their lodgings five times","psg_id":"2895235"},{"title":"All the Names","text":"All the Names All the Names () is a novel by Portuguese author José Saramago. It was written in 1997 and translated to English in 1999 by Margaret Jull Costa winning the Oxford-Weidenfeld Translation Prize. The main setting of the novel is the Central Registry of Births, Marriages and Deaths of some ambiguous and unnamed city. This municipal archive holds the record cards for all residents of the city stretching back endlessly into the past. The protagonist is named Senhor José; the only character to be given a proper name (all of the others are referred to simply by some","psg_id":"6808935"},{"title":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","text":"pale face was covered with freckles, and his blond hair was cut short. He was a little over average height and looked at me intensely with his sharp, grey-blue eyes. It was as if he were trying to look into my soul and discover what kind of man I was.\" In Semipalatinsk, Dostoevsky tutored several schoolchildren and came into contact with upper-class families, including that of Lieutenant-Colonel Belikhov, who used to invite him to read passages from newspapers and magazines. During a visit to Belikhov, Dostoevsky met the family of Alexander Ivanovich Isaev and Maria Dmitrievna Isaeva and fell in","psg_id":"153541"},{"title":"What Is the What","text":"That Happens Will Happen Today\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when","psg_id":"9406947"},{"title":"All the Names","text":"unknown. Indeed, this is a recurring theme in Saramago's works. Another theme is the absurdity of human action. As Saramago puts it: All the Names All the Names () is a novel by Portuguese author José Saramago. It was written in 1997 and translated to English in 1999 by Margaret Jull Costa winning the Oxford-Weidenfeld Translation Prize. The main setting of the novel is the Central Registry of Births, Marriages and Deaths of some ambiguous and unnamed city. This municipal archive holds the record cards for all residents of the city stretching back endlessly into the past. The protagonist is","psg_id":"6808939"},{"title":"The Glass Cell (novel)","text":"Fyodor Dostoevsky, and the work was immensely well received by critics from across the spectrum. Writing in \"The Guardian\", Rachel Cooke called \"The Glass Cell\" Highsmith's \"masterwork: \"Crime and Punishment\" without any hard labour on the part of the reader\". The novel was adapted as a German-language film of the same name (\"Die gläserne Zelle\"). It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1978. Highsmith thought well of the film, which only increased her dismay when the same director, Hans Geissendorfer, made changes she thought \"dreadful\" when adapting her novel \"Edith's Diary\". The Glass Cell","psg_id":"12580583"},{"title":"The Call (novel)","text":"Other historical figures appear, sometimes under their own names. The novel mixes narrative, excerpts from Treadup's journal, letters written by Treadup and his wife. and excerpts from \"The Search,\" an extended memoir which he wrote while in a Japanese internment camp during World War II. This organization allows Hersey to show what Treadup thought at the time of events and then what he thought about them up to forty years later. The first section of the novel describes Treadup’s ancestors, a long-established Anglo-Saxon family. David himself was born 1878 in western New York, then graduated from Syracuse University. The call","psg_id":"18544312"},{"title":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","text":"brother Mikhail to St Petersburg to attend the free Nikolayev Military Engineering Institute, forcing the brothers to abandon their academic studies for military careers. Dostoevsky entered the academy in January 1838, but only with the help of family members. Mikhail was refused admission on health grounds and was sent to the Academy in Reval, Estonia. Dostoevsky disliked the academy, primarily because of his lack of interest in science, mathematics and military engineering and his preference for drawing and architecture. As his friend Konstantin Trutovsky once said, \"There was no student in the entire institution with less of a military bearing","psg_id":"153526"},{"title":"Feodor Gladkov","text":"in 1958. Gladkov's first major novel after the revolution, titled \"Cement\", became a literary standard for socialist realist writing during the 1930s; in various speeches to the Writers' Congress in the USSR, Gladkov's contemporaries upheld \"Cement\" as one of the key exemplars that authors should emulate in Soviet literature. Throughout his lifetime, Gladkov rewrote passages of \"Cement\" both to suit contemporary political concerns and to fit with the Socialist Realist aesthetic established in 1932. Feodor Gladkov Feodor Vasilyevich Gladkov () – December 20, 1958) was a Soviet Socialist realist writer. Gladkov joined a Communist group in 1904, and in 1905","psg_id":"5858218"},{"title":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","text":"Fyodor Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (; ; 11 November 18219 February 1881), sometimes transliterated Dostoyevsky, was a Russian novelist, short story writer, essayist, journalist and philosopher. Dostoevsky's literary works explore human psychology in the troubled political, social, and spiritual atmospheres of 19th-century Russia, and engage with a variety of philosophical and religious themes. His most acclaimed works include \"Crime and Punishment\" (1866), \"The Idiot\" (1869), \"Demons\" (1872) and \"The Brothers Karamazov\" (1880). Dostoevsky's oeuvre consists of 11 novels, three novellas, 17 short stories and numerous other works. Many literary critics rate him as one of the greatest psychologists in world","psg_id":"153515"},{"title":"What Is the What","text":"writes: \"Over the course of many years, Dave and I have collaborated to tell my story... I told [him] what I knew and what I could remember, and from that material he created this work of art.\" The book is typical of Eggers' style: blending non-fictional and fictional elements into a non-fiction novel or memoir. By classifying the book a novel, Eggers says, he freed himself to re-create conversations, streamline complex relationships, add relevant detail and manipulate time and space in helpful ways—all while maintaining the essential truthfulness of the storytelling. However, not all critics were impressed. Lee Siegel sees","psg_id":"9406942"},{"title":"The Harris Brothers","text":"the Harris Brothers returned to World Championship Wrestling (WCW) as \"Gerald\" (Ron) and \"Patrick\" (Don). The names were shots at Pat Patterson and Gerald Brisco who worked for WWF as Vince McMahon's stooges. They were known collectively as \"Creative Control\". They went on to join the nWo 2000 in 2000 using their real names, acting as enforcers for Jeff Jarrett. They remained in WCW throughout 2000, feuding with Sid Vicious, Terry Funk and many of the younger tag teams, such as The Mamalukes. After winning the WCW World Tag Team Championship three times, the Harris Brothers began wrestling in singles","psg_id":"5149612"},{"title":"Brothers of the Head","text":"Millard and Jack Dunkley also have cameos. They also provided the soundtrack to the movie. All Bang-Bang music tracks featured in the film were actually performed live by actors Harry and Luke Treadaway themselves, along with the actors portraying the band members. The Treadaways, along with all the actors except Bryan Dick (Paul Day), recorded studio tracks for the soundtrack album. Brothers of the Head Brothers of the Head is a 2005 mockumentary featuring the story of Tom and Barry Howe (Harry and Luke Treadaway respectively), conjoined twins living in the United Kingdom. It was based on the 1977 novel","psg_id":"8399720"},{"title":"Doctor in the House (novel)","text":"Doctor in the House (novel) Doctor in the House is a comic novel by Richard Gordon, published in 1952. Set in the fictitious St. Swithin's Hospital in London, the story concerns the exploits and various pranks of a young medical student. In film adaptations, the character is named Simon Sparrow, but in the novel names him Richard Gordon It is the first of a series of 'Doctor' novels written by Gordon, himself a surgeon and anaesthetist. A film adaptation, \"Doctor in the House\", was released in 1954, starring Dirk Bogarde; several of the subsequent books were also filmed. There were","psg_id":"17881120"},{"title":"The Body of the Dead Christ in the Tomb","text":"by the work. In 1867, his wife had to drag him away from the panel lest its grip on him induce an epileptic fit. Dostoevsky saw in Holbein an impulse similar to one of his own main literary preoccupations: the pious desire to confront Christian faith with everything that negated it, in this case the laws of nature and the stark reality of death. In his 1869 novel \"The Idiot\", the character Prince Myshkin, having viewed a copy of the painting in the home of Rogozhin, declares that it has the power to make the viewer lose his faith. The","psg_id":"13326980"},{"title":"The Gambler (novel)","text":"played at Baden-Baden, Homburg, and Saxon-les-Bains frequently, often beginning by winning a small amount of money and losing far more in the end. He wrote to his brother Mikhail on 8 September: Fyodor Dostoevsky then agreed to a hazardous contract with F. T. Stellovsky that if he did not deliver a novel of 12 or more signatures by 1 November 1866, Stellovsky would acquire the right to publish Dostoevsky's works for nine years, until 1 November 1875, without any compensation to the writer. He noted down parts of his story, then dictated them to one of the first stenographers in","psg_id":"1618564"},{"title":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","text":"Ranke, Hegel and Kant. \"The House of the Dead\", based on his experience in prison, was published in 1861 in the journal Vremya – it was the first published novel about Russian prisons. Before moving in mid-March to Semipalatinsk, where he was forced to serve in the Siberian Army Corps of the Seventh Line Battalion, Dostoevsky met geographer Pyotr Semyonov and ethnographer Shokan Walikhanuli. Around November 1854, he met Baron , an admirer of his books, who had attended the aborted execution. They both rented houses in the Cossack Garden outside Semipalatinsk. Wrangel remarked that Dostoevsky \"looked morose. His sickly,","psg_id":"153540"},{"title":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","text":"inspiration for his writing. They continued their trip through Germany, visiting Frankfurt, Darmstadt, Heidelberg and Karlsruhe. They spent five weeks in Baden-Baden, where Dostoevsky had a quarrel with Turgenev and again lost much money at the roulette table. The couple travelled on to Geneva. In September 1867, Dostoevsky began work on \"The Idiot\", and after a prolonged planning process that bore little resemblance to the published novel, he eventually managed to write the first 100 pages in only 23 days; the serialisation began in \"The Russian Messenger \"in January 1868. Their first child, Sonya, had been conceived in Baden-Baden, and","psg_id":"153549"},{"title":"In the Light of What We Know","text":"In the Light of What We Know In the Light of What We Know is the debut novel of Zia Haider Rahman. First published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, the novel was released in the spring of 2014 to international critical acclaim and earned its author the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, Britain's oldest literary prize. and the inaugural International Ranald McDonald prize 2016. The novel has already been translated into Dutch, French and Portuguese and is to be translated into several other languages. Much of the novel is set during the war in Afghanistan at the beginning of the","psg_id":"18043649"},{"title":"Feodor I of Russia","text":"had been sought by Feodor's father, but he turned her down. Feodor I of Russia Fyodor I Ivanovich () or Feodor I Ioannovich (); 31 May 1557 – 16 or 17 January (NS) 1598), also known as Feodor the Bellringer, was the last Rurikid Tsar of Russia (1584–1598). Feodor's mother died when he was three, and he grew up in the shadow of his father, Ivan the Terrible. A pious man of retiring disposition, Feodor took little interest in politics, and the country was effectively administered in his name by Boris Godunov, the brother of his beloved wife Irina. His","psg_id":"1313260"},{"title":"Feodor I of Russia","text":"into the catastrophic Time of Troubles. In Russian documents, Feodor is sometimes called \"blessed\" (). He is also listed in the \"Great Synaxaristes\" of the Orthodox Church, with his feast day on January 7 (OS). Feodor was born in Moscow, the son of Ivan IV (The Terrible) by his first wife Anastasia Romanovna. Although he was the sixth and youngest child of his mother, he grew up with only one older brother, Ivan, because all his other older siblings died before Feodor was one year old. His mother also died by the time Feodor was three years old, and her","psg_id":"1313252"},{"title":"The Brothers Karamazov","text":"into the tone of the people he is describing, often extending into the characters' most personal thoughts. There is no voice of authority in the story (see Mikhail Bakhtin's \"Problems of Dostoyevsky's Poetics\" for more on the relationship between Dostoevsky and his characters). In addition to the principal narrator there are several sections narrated by other characters entirely, such as the story of the Grand Inquisitor and Zosima's confessions. This technique enhances the theme of truth, making many aspects of the tale completely subjective. Dostoevsky uses individual styles of speech to express the inner personality of each person. For example,","psg_id":"3005727"},{"title":"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)","text":"figures like the old Governor Osip Osipovich and the over-zealous policeman Filibusterov, are parodies of a variety of establishment types that Dostoevsky held partially responsible for the excesses of the radical generation. Karmazinov was an openly hostile parody of Turgenev—his personality and mannerisms, his perceived complicity with nihilism, and, in the Gala reading scene, the style of some of his later literary works. Even the most extreme and unlikely characters, such as Kirillov and Shigalev, were grounded in real people or ideas of the time. Kirillov was initially inspired by a Nechayev associate who spoke openly at the trial of","psg_id":"3403414"},{"title":"The Princes of the Golden Cage (novel)","text":"The Princes of the Golden Cage (novel) The Princes of the Golden Cage is Nathalie Mallet's debut novel, the first installment in The Prince Amir Mystery series. It is a fantasy/mystery; however this novel has also been classified as historical fantasy. The second book in the series, \"The King's Daughters\", was released in 2008. Prince Amir lives in a lavish and beautiful cage. He lives in a palace with hundreds of his brothers, all barred by law from ever leaving the palace until he, or one of his brothers, becomes the next Sultan. Living under constant threat of death at","psg_id":"12064352"},{"title":"The Choirboys (novel)","text":"changed for the film, and critics complained that while the book showed the police officers as sympathetic characters, the film painted them as a bunch of drunken jerks. Wambaugh himself refused to have his name associated with the film, as he considered it to be an extremely poor interpretation of his novel. For this reason he is uncredited. Several characters had their names changed from what they had been in the novel: Sam Niles - Sam Lyles, Calvin Potts - Calvin Motts, Willie Wright - \"Father\" Sartino, Dean Pratt - Dean Proust. The Choirboys (novel) The Choirboys (), a novel,","psg_id":"3242146"},{"title":"Brothers in Law (novel)","text":"Waring wrote five of the thirteen episodes. The series also spawned a spin-off \"Mr Justice Duncannon\", also written by Cecil. There were also two radio adaptations, one in 1955 starring Donald Sinden, and in 1970 in which Briers reprised the role. The latter radio series by the BBC ran for thirty nine episodes in three series. They were adaptations by Richard Waring of the TV series. The cast included John Glyn-Jones (Grimes, Roger's pupil master) with Julia Lockwood (Sally) and Bridget Armstrong (Joy) as the women in Roger's life. Brothers in Law (novel) Brothers in Law is a 1955 comic","psg_id":"8405069"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\",\n \"text\": \"Kyodai\\\" (2013, created by Misato Sato) is a modern retelling of the book. Footnotes Bibliography The Brothers Karamazov The Brothers Karamazov (, \\\"Brat'ya Karamazovy\\\", ), also translated as The Karamazov Brothers, is the final novel by the Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky. Dostoevsky spent nearly two years writing \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\", which was published as a serial in \\\"The Russian Messenger\\\" from January 1879 to November 1880. Dostoevsky died less than four months after its publication. \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" is a passionate philosophical novel set in 19th-century Russia, that enters deeply into the ethical debates of God, free will, and morality.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3005755\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\",\n \"text\": \"The Brothers Karamazov The Brothers Karamazov (, \\\"Brat'ya Karamazovy\\\", ), also translated as The Karamazov Brothers, is the final novel by the Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky. Dostoevsky spent nearly two years writing \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\", which was published as a serial in \\\"The Russian Messenger\\\" from January 1879 to November 1880. Dostoevsky died less than four months after its publication. \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" is a passionate philosophical novel set in 19th-century Russia, that enters deeply into the ethical debates of God, free will, and morality. It is a spiritual drama of moral struggles concerning faith, doubt, judgment, and reason, set\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3005721\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Double (Dostoevsky novel)\",\n \"text\": \"The Double (Dostoevsky novel) The Double (, \\\"Dvoynik\\\") is a novella written by Fyodor Dostoevsky. It was first published on January 30, 1846 in the \\\"Fatherland Notes\\\". It was subsequently revised and republished by Dostoevsky in 1866. \\\"The Double\\\" centers on a government clerk who goes mad. It deals with the internal psychological struggle of its main character, Yakov Petrovich Golyadkin, who repeatedly encounters someone who is his exact double in appearance but confident, aggressive, and extroverted, characteristics that are the polar opposites to those of the toadying \\\"pushover\\\" protagonist. The motif of the novella is a doppelgänger (\\\"dvoynik\\\"). Golyadkin\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4470534\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)\",\n \"text\": \"Demons (Dostoevsky novel) Demons (pre-reform Russian: ; post-reform ; sometimes also called The Possessed or The Devils) is a novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky, first published in the journal \\\"The Russian Messenger\\\" in 1871–2. It is considered one of the four masterworks written by Dostoevsky after his return from Siberian exile, along with \\\"Crime and Punishment\\\" (1866), \\\"The Idiot\\\" (1869) and \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" (1880). \\\"Demons\\\" is a social and political satire, a psychological drama, and large scale tragedy. Joyce Carol Oates has described it as \\\"Dostoevsky's most confused and violent novel, and his most satisfactorily 'tragic' work.\\\" According to Ronald\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3403344\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Double (Dostoevsky novel)\",\n \"text\": \"however, its idea was rather lucid, and I have never expressed in my writings anything more serious. Still, as far as form was concerned, I failed utterly.\\\" Vladimir Nabokov, who generally regarded Dostoevsky as a \\\"rather mediocre\\\" writer called \\\"The Double\\\" \\\"the best thing he ever wrote,\\\" saying that it is \\\"a perfect work of art.\\\" The story was adapted into an English play of the same name, which was later adapted into a 2013 film of the same name, starring Jesse Eisenberg. The Double (Dostoevsky novel) The Double (, \\\"Dvoynik\\\") is a novella written by Fyodor Dostoevsky. It was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4470541\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"All the Brothers Were Valiant (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"and the first U.K edition by Mills & Boon (London, 1920). (plain text) All the Brothers Were Valiant (novel) All the Brothers Were Valiant is a 1919 novel by Ben Ames Williams. It was Williams' first novel. It has been adapted to film three times, all by MGM: \\\"All the Brothers Were Valiant\\\" (1923), \\\"Across to Singapore\\\" (1928) and \\\"All the Brothers Were Valiant\\\" (1953). Bem Ames Williams (1889-1953), was the author of over 30 novels in different genres and fields. He reached the height of his career when three of his novels were adapted to the big screen: Subsequent\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10141838\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"All the Brothers Were Valiant (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"All the Brothers Were Valiant (novel) All the Brothers Were Valiant is a 1919 novel by Ben Ames Williams. It was Williams' first novel. It has been adapted to film three times, all by MGM: \\\"All the Brothers Were Valiant\\\" (1923), \\\"Across to Singapore\\\" (1928) and \\\"All the Brothers Were Valiant\\\" (1953). Bem Ames Williams (1889-1953), was the author of over 30 novels in different genres and fields. He reached the height of his career when three of his novels were adapted to the big screen: Subsequent re-impressions include Grosset & Dunlap (New York, 1919), E.P. Dutton (New York, 1919)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10141837\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\",\n \"text\": \"Wallace's novel \\\"Infinite Jest\\\". Joseph Stalin had read Dostoevsky since his youth and considered the author as a great psychologist. His copy of \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" reveals extensive highlights and notes in the margins that he made while reading the work, which have been studied and analyzed by multiple researchers. The President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin has described \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" as one of his favorite books. According to Serbian state news agency Tanjug, Serbian president Aleksandar Vučić described Fyodor Dostoevsky as his dearest novelist. He also said that \\\"\\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" may be the best work of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3005752\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Double (Dostoevsky novel)\",\n \"text\": \"for total freedom of expression becomes a self-destructive impulse.’\\\" This individualistic focus is often contextualized by scholars, such as Joseph Frank, who emphasize that Golyadkin's identity is crushed by the bureaucracy and stifling society he lives in. The final context of understanding for \\\"The Double\\\" that transcends all three categories is the ongoing debate about its literary quality. While the majority of scholars have regarded it as somewhere from \\\"too fragile to bear its significance\\\" to utterly unreadable, there have been two notable exceptions. Dostoevsky wrote in A Writer's Diary that \\\"Most decidedly, I did not succeed with that novel;\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4470540\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)\",\n \"text\": \"a student at the academy, and had been much interested in his rejection of radicalism and exhortation of the Russian Orthodox Church and the House of Romanov as the true custodians of Russia's destiny. He was horrified to hear of Ivanov's murder by the Nechayevists, and vowed to write a political novel about what he called \\\"the most important problem of our time.\\\" Prior to this Dostoevsky had been working on a philosophical novel (entitled 'The Life of a Great Sinner') examining the psychological and moral implications of atheism. The political polemic and parts of the philosophical novel were merged\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3403350\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)\",\n \"text\": \"Pyotr hit upon.\\\" In his book \\\"Dostoyevsky in Manhattan\\\" French philosopher André Glucksmann argued that 'nihilism', as depicted in \\\"Demons\\\", is the underlying idea or 'characteristic form' of modern terrorism. This is a list of the unabridged English translations of the novel: Demons (Dostoevsky novel) Demons (pre-reform Russian: ; post-reform ; sometimes also called The Possessed or The Devils) is a novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky, first published in the journal \\\"The Russian Messenger\\\" in 1871–2. It is considered one of the four masterworks written by Dostoevsky after his return from Siberian exile, along with \\\"Crime and Punishment\\\" (1866), \\\"The Idiot\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3403420\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Flying Karamazov Brothers\",\n \"text\": \"The Flying Karamazov Brothers The Flying Karamazov Brothers (FKB) are a juggling and comedy troupe who have been performing since 1973. They learned their trade performing as street artists in Santa Cruz, California. They began by busking, but have gone on to perform internationally, including on Broadway stages. The \\\"brothers\\\" take their act's name from the Fyodor Dostoevsky novel \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\", and draw parallels between themselves and the characters of the novel. Though they refer to themselves onstage as \\\"brothers\\\", none of them are actually blood relatives. The troupe is led by its sole remaining co-founder Paul David Magid\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5724398\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Blues Brothers (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"currently out of print. The Blues Brothers (novel) The Blues Brothers is a book written by Crawdaddy! reporter Miami Mitch (Glazer) and published in 1980. The novel was based on the original version of \\\"The Blues Brothers\\\" screenplay written by Dan Aykroyd and John Landis. However, the original script that was used for the basis of the novel evolved so dramatically into what was used in the film that the two works only scantly resemble each other. The book contains eight glossy pages of black-and-white stills from the film, two per page. Scene breaks are marked by two pairs of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10282602\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Blues Brothers (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"The Blues Brothers (novel) The Blues Brothers is a book written by Crawdaddy! reporter Miami Mitch (Glazer) and published in 1980. The novel was based on the original version of \\\"The Blues Brothers\\\" screenplay written by Dan Aykroyd and John Landis. However, the original script that was used for the basis of the novel evolved so dramatically into what was used in the film that the two works only scantly resemble each other. The book contains eight glossy pages of black-and-white stills from the film, two per page. Scene breaks are marked by two pairs of sunglasses. This title is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10282601\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\",\n \"text\": \"against a modernizing Russia, with a plot which revolves around the subject of patricide. Dostoevsky composed much of the novel in Staraya Russa, which inspired the main setting. Since its publication, it has been acclaimed as one of the supreme achievements in world literature. Although Dostoevsky began his first notes for \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" in April 1878, he had written several unfinished works years earlier. He would incorporate some elements into his future work, particularly from the planned epos \\\"The Life of a Great Sinner\\\", which he began work on in the summer of 1869. It eventually remained unfinished after\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3005722\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\",\n \"text\": \"a personal tragedy altered the work. In May 1878, Dostoevsky's three-year-old son Alyosha died of epilepsy, a condition inherited from his father. The novelist's grief is apparent throughout the book; Dostoevsky named the hero Alyosha, as well as imbuing him with qualities which he sought and most admired. His loss is also reflected in the story of Captain Snegiryov and his young son Ilyusha. The death of his son brought Dostoevsky to the Optina Monastery later that year. There, he found inspiration for several aspects of \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\", though at the time he intended to write a novel about\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3005725\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The House of the Dead (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"The House of the Dead (novel) The House of the Dead (, \\\"Zapiski iz Myortvogo doma\\\") is a semi-autobiographical novel published in 1860–2 in the journal \\\"Vremya\\\" by Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky, which portrays the life of convicts in a Siberian prison camp. The novel has also been published under the titles Memoirs from the House of The Dead, Notes from the Dead House (or Notes from a Dead House), and Notes from the House of the Dead. The book is a loosely-knit collection of facts, events and philosophical discussion organised by \\\"theme\\\" rather than as a continuous story. Dostoevsky\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2624177\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)\",\n \"text\": \"epigraph, and Dostoevsky's thoughts on its relevance to Russia are given voice by Stepan Verkhovensky on his deathbed near the end of the novel. In late 1860s Russia there was an unusual level of political unrest caused by student groups influenced by liberal, socialist and revolutionary ideas imported from Europe. In 1869, Dostoevsky conceived the idea of a 'pamphlet novel' directed against the radicals. He focused on the group organized by young agitator Sergey Nechayev, particularly their murder of a former comrade—Ivan Ivanov—at the Petrovskaya Agricultural Academy in Moscow. Dostoevsky had first heard of Ivanov from his brother-in-law, who was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3403349\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\",\n \"text\": \"world literature\\\". The philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein is said to have read \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" \\\"so often he knew whole passages of it by heart.” A copy of the novel was one of the few possessions Wittgenstein brought with him to the front during World War I. Martin Heidegger, the seminal figure of existentialism, identified Dostoevsky's thought as one of the most important sources for his early and best known book, \\\"Being and Time\\\". Of the two portraits Heidegger kept on the wall of his office, one was of Dostoevsky. In an essay on the novel written after the Russian Revolution\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3005753\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\",\n \"text\": \"and the First World War, Nobel Prize-winning author Hermann Hesse described Dostoevsky as not a \\\"poet\\\" but a \\\"prophet\\\". The acclaimed novelist W. Somerset Maugham included \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" in his list of ten greatest novels in the world. Pope Benedict XVI cited this book in the 2007 encyclical \\\"Spe Salvi\\\". This is a list of the unabridged English translations of the novel: There have been several film adaptations of \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\". They include: A Russian 12-episode mini-series was produced in 2009, and is considered to be as close to the book as possible. The Japanese drama \\\"Karamazov no\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3005754\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"All the Brothers Were Valiant\",\n \"text\": \"All the Brothers Were Valiant All the Brothers Were Valiant is a 1953 Technicolor adventure drama film made by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), based on the 1919 novel \\\"All the Brothers Were Valiant\\\" by Ben Ames Williams. The 1953 MGM film is a remake of the 1923 silent film that starred Lon Chaney and made by Metro Pictures (a forerunner of MGM), that is now considered lost; as is the 1928 MGM version, \\\"Across to Singapore\\\", which starred Ramon Novarro. The 1953 version is directed by Richard Thorpe and produced by Pandro S. Berman from a screenplay by Harry Brown. The music\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9629534\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fyodor Dostoevsky\",\n \"text\": \"Dostoevsky incorporated religious themes, especially those of Russian Orthodoxy, into his writing. Elements of gothic fiction, romanticism, and satire are observable in some of his books. He frequently used autobiographical or semi-autobiographical details. Dostoevsky's works were often called \\\"philosophical\\\", although he described himself as \\\"weak in philosophy\\\". \\\"Fyodor Mikhailovich loved these questions about the essence of things and the limits of knowledge\\\", wrote Strakhov. Although theologian George Florovsky described Dostoevsky as a \\\"philosophical problem\\\", because it is unknown whether Dostoevsky believed in what he wrote, many philosophical ideas are found in books such as \\\"A Writer's Diary\\\" and \\\"The Brothers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"153582\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Gambler (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"The Gambler (novel) The Gambler (, \\\"Igrok\\\"; modern spelling Игрок) is a short novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky about a young tutor in the employment of a formerly wealthy Russian general. The novella reflects Dostoevsky's own addiction to roulette, which was in more ways than one the inspiration for the book: Dostoevsky completed the novella under a strict deadline to pay off gambling debts. \\\"The Gambler\\\" treated a subject Fyodor Dostoevsky himself was familiar with—gambling. Fyodor Dostoevsky gambled for the first time at the tables at Wiesbaden in 1863. From that time till 1871, when his passion for gambling subsided, he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1618563\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\",\n \"text\": \"writing about Einstein's admiration of the novel, wrote, \\\"\\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" - that for him in 1919 was the supreme summit of all literature. It remained so when I talked to him in 1937, and probably until the end of his life.\\\" Sigmund Freud called it \\\"the most magnificent novel ever written\\\" and was fascinated with the book for its Oedipal themes. In 1928 Freud published a paper titled \\\"Dostoevsky and Parricide\\\" in which he investigated Dostoevsky's own neuroses. Freud claimed that Dostoevsky's epilepsy was not a natural condition but instead a physical manifestation of the author's hidden guilt over\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3005747\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"All the Brothers Were Valiant\",\n \"text\": \"to film as a follow up, also starring Taylor and Granger. It was never made. All the Brothers Were Valiant All the Brothers Were Valiant is a 1953 Technicolor adventure drama film made by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), based on the 1919 novel \\\"All the Brothers Were Valiant\\\" by Ben Ames Williams. The 1953 MGM film is a remake of the 1923 silent film that starred Lon Chaney and made by Metro Pictures (a forerunner of MGM), that is now considered lost; as is the 1928 MGM version, \\\"Across to Singapore\\\", which starred Ramon Novarro. The 1953 version is directed by Richard\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9629539\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fyodor Dostoevsky\",\n \"text\": \"of which profoundly influenced \\\"The Trial\\\". Sigmund Freud called \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" \\\"the most magnificent novel ever written\\\". Modern cultural movements such as the surrealists, the existentialists and the Beats cite Dostoevsky as an influence, and he is cited as the forerunner of Russian symbolism, existentialism, expressionism and psychoanalysis. In 1956 an olive-green postage stamp dedicated to Dostoevsky was released in the Soviet Union, with a print run of 1,000 copies. A Dostoevsky Museum was opened on 12 November 1971 in the apartment where he wrote his first and final novels. A crater on Mercury was named after him in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"153587\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The House of the Dead (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"release from the camp. It is a work of great humanity; Dostoevsky portrays the inmates of the prison with sympathy for their plight, and also expresses admiration for their energy, ingenuity and talent. He concludes that the existence of the prison, with its absurd practices and savage corporal punishments is a tragic fact, both for the prisoners and for Russia. Many of the characters in the novel were very similar to the real-life people that Dostoevsky met while in prison. While many of the characters do mirror real-life people, he has also made some of the characters appear more interesting\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2624181\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Names (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"in the activities of corporations; in the relationship between men and women; in the behavior of terrorists. Nonetheless, the relationship between the \\\"stronger\\\" and the \\\"weaker\\\" is not simply reducible to \\\"oppressor\\\" and \\\"oppressed\\\". Sometimes the weaker force is complicit with, or distorts the nature of, the stronger. It was announced on April 7, 2015 that American writer-director Alex Ross Perry has optioned \\\"The Names\\\" for a film adaptation. The Names (novel) The Names (1982) is the seventh novel of American novelist Don DeLillo. The work, set mostly in Greece, is primarily a series of character studies, interwoven with a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7033865\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)\",\n \"text\": \"is generally included in modern editions as an appendix. It has also been published separately, translated from Russian to English by S. S. Koteliansky and Virginia Woolf, with an essay on Dostoevsky by Sigmund Freud. Dostoevsky wrote to Maykov that the chief theme of his novel was \\\"the very one over which, consciously and unconsciously, I have been tormented all my life: it is the existence of God.\\\" Much of the plot develops out of the tension between belief and non-belief, and the words and actions of most of the characters seem to be intimately bound to the position they\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3403400\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\",\n \"text\": \"The similarly unfinished \\\"Sorokoviny\\\" (Сороковины), dated 1 August 1875, is reflected in book IX, chapter 3–5 and book XI, chapter nine. In the October 1877 \\\"A Writer's Diary\\\" article \\\"To the Reader\\\", Dostoevsky mentioned a \\\"literary work that has imperceptibly and involuntarily been taking shape within me over these two years of publishing the \\\"Diary\\\"\\\". His \\\"Diary\\\", a collection of numerous articles, had included similar themes \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" would later borrow from. These include patricide, law and order and social problems. Although Dostoevsky was influenced by religion and philosophy, in his life and the writing of \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3005724\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What the Brothers Sang\",\n \"text\": \"What the Brothers Sang What the Brothers Sang is an album by Dawn McCarthy (of Faun Fables) and Bonnie 'Prince' Billy. The album was released on February 19, 2013. The album features covers of songs that appeared on albums by The Everly Brothers. The duo preceded this album with the \\\"Christmas Eve Can Kill You\\\" 7\\\" single in late 2012, also featuring two covers of songs earlier performed by the Everlys. What the Brothers Sang was the first of three major albums released in 2013 to feature Everly Brothers covers in their entirety, the second being A Date with the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18749336\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Names (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"The Names (novel) The Names (1982) is the seventh novel of American novelist Don DeLillo. The work, set mostly in Greece, is primarily a series of character studies, interwoven with a plot about a mysterious \\\"language cult\\\" that is behind a number of unexplained murders. Among the many themes explored throughout the work is the intersection of language and culture, the perception of American culture from both within and outside its borders, and the impact that narration has on the facts of a story. At the core of the book is the problem of language. Language is the way we\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7033861\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\",\n \"text\": \"childhood instead. Parts of the biographical section of Zosima's life are based on \\\"The Life of the Elder Leonid\\\", a text he found at Optina and copied \\\"almost word for word\\\". Although written in the 19th century, \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" displays a number of modern elements. Dostoevsky composed the book with a variety of literary techniques. Though privy to many of the thoughts and feelings of the protagonists, the narrator is a self-proclaimed writer; he discusses his own mannerisms and personal perceptions so often in the novel that he becomes a character. Through his descriptions, the narrator's voice merges imperceptibly\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3005726\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What the Brothers Sang\",\n \"text\": \"Everly Brothers by the Chapin Sisters and the third being Foreverly by Billie Joe Armstrong and Norah Jones. The album received generally favorable reviews, with a cumulative score of 77/100 based on 16 reviews on the Metacritic review aggregator website. What the Brothers Sang What the Brothers Sang is an album by Dawn McCarthy (of Faun Fables) and Bonnie 'Prince' Billy. The album was released on February 19, 2013. The album features covers of songs that appeared on albums by The Everly Brothers. The duo preceded this album with the \\\"Christmas Eve Can Kill You\\\" 7\\\" single in late 2012,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18749337\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Village of Stepanchikovo\",\n \"text\": \"what Dostoevsky considered a humiliatingly low price. The editor of \\\"The Contemporary\\\", Nekrasov, was very negative: \\\"Dostoevsky is finished. He will no longer write anything important.\\\" The novel was ultimately published in Krayevsky's \\\"National Annals\\\". The Village of Stepanchikovo The Village of Stepanchikovo (, \\\"Selo Stepanchikovo i ego obitateli\\\"), also known as The Friend of the Family, is a novel written by Fyodor Dostoevsky and first published in 1859. Sergey Alexandrovich (), the narrator, is summoned from St. Petersburg to the estate of his uncle, Colonel Yegor Ilyich Rostanev (), and finds that a middle-aged charlatan named Foma Fomich Opiskin\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5152725\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Double (Dostoevsky novel)\",\n \"text\": \"element was that Dostoevsky switched the focus from Gogol's social perspective in which the main characters are viewed and interpreted socially to a psychological context that gives the characters more emotional depth and internal motivation. As to the interpretation of the work itself, there are three major trends in scholarship. First, many have said that Golyadkin simply goes insane, probably with schizophrenia. This view is supported by much of the text, particularly Golyadkin's innumerable hallucinations. Second, many have focused on Golyadkin's search for identity. One critic wrote that \\\"The Double\\\"'s main idea is that \\\"'the human will in its search\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4470539\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Double (Dostoevsky novel)\",\n \"text\": \"see many replicas of himself, has a psychotic break, and is dragged off to an asylum by Doctor Rutenspitz. \\\"The Double\\\" is the most Gogolesque of Dostoevsky's works; its subtitle \\\"A Petersburg Poem\\\" echoes that of Gogol's \\\"Dead Souls\\\". Vladimir Nabokov called it a parody of \\\"The Overcoat\\\". Many others have emphasized the relationship between \\\"The Double\\\" and other of Gogol's Petersburg Tales. One contemporary critic, Konstantin Aksakov, remarked that \\\"Dostoevsky alters and wholly repeats Gogol’s phrases.\\\" Most scholars, however, recognize The Double as Dostoevsky’s response to or innovation on Gogol’s work. For example, A.L. Bem called \\\"The Double\\\" \\\"a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4470537\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The House of the Dead (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"than their real-life counterparts. \\\"The House of the Dead\\\" was Dostoevsky’s only work that Leo Tolstoy revered. In 1927–1928, Leoš Janáček wrote an operatic version of the novel, with the title \\\"From the House of the Dead\\\". It was his last opera. In 1932, the novel was adapted to a film, directed by Vasili Fyodorov and starring Nikolay Khmelyov. The House of the Dead (novel) The House of the Dead (, \\\"Zapiski iz Myortvogo doma\\\") is a semi-autobiographical novel published in 1860–2 in the journal \\\"Vremya\\\" by Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky, which portrays the life of convicts in a Siberian\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2624182\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fyodor Dostoevsky\",\n \"text\": \"1979, and a minor planet discovered in 1981 by Lyudmila Karachkina was named 3453 Dostoevsky. Music critic and broadcaster Artemy Troitsky has hosted the radio show \\\"FM Достоевский\\\" (FM Dostoevsky) since 1997. J.M. Coetzee featured Dostoevsky as the protagonist in his 1997 novel \\\"The Master of Petersburg\\\". The famous Malayalam novel \\\"Oru Sankeerthanam Pole\\\" by Perumbadavam Sreedharan deals with the life of Dostoevsky and his love affair with Anna. Viewers of the TV show \\\"Name of Russia\\\" voted him the ninth greatest Russian of all time, behind chemist Dmitry Mendeleev and ahead of ruler Ivan IV. An Eagle Award-winning TV\",\n \"psg_id\": \"153588\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\",\n \"text\": \"his father's death. According to Freud, Dostoevsky (and all other sons) wished for the death of his father because of latent desire for his mother; and as evidence Freud cites the fact that Dostoevsky's epileptic fits did not begin until he turned 18, the year his father died. The themes of patricide and guilt, especially in the form of moral guilt illustrated by Ivan Karamazov, would then obviously follow for Freud as literary evidence of this theory. Franz Kafka is another writer who felt immensely indebted to Dostoevsky and \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" for influencing his own work. Kafka called himself\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3005748\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fyodor Dostoevsky\",\n \"text\": \"the insanity of gambling were there to know\\\". James Joyce praised Dostoevsky's prose: \\\"... he is the man more than any other who has created modern prose, and intensified it to its present-day pitch. It was his explosive power which shattered the Victorian novel with its simpering maidens and ordered commonplaces; books which were without imagination or violence.\\\" In her essay \\\"The Russian Point of View\\\", Virginia Woolf said, \\\"Out of Shakespeare there is no more exciting reading\\\". Franz Kafka called Dostoevsky his \\\"blood-relative\\\" and was heavily influenced by his works, particularly \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" and \\\"Crime and Punishment\\\", both\",\n \"psg_id\": \"153586\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What If God Were the Sun?\",\n \"text\": \"What If God Were the Sun? What If God Were the Sun? is a 2007 American television film directed by Stephen Tolkin and starring Lacey Chabert and Gena Rowlands. Written by Janet Dulin Jones and Jamie Pachino, based in part on a novel by John Edward, the film is about a dedicated nurse whose life is disrupted by her father's death. After losing her job, she finds comfort and inspiration in caring for a terminally ill woman with a quick wit and strong faith. \\\"What If God Were the Sun?\\\" was originally broadcast by Lifetime Television on May 14, 2007.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11497743\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)\",\n \"text\": \"darkness of Stavrogin is confronted by the radiance of Bishop Tikhon, a character inspired by Tikhon of Zadonsk. Of Pyotr Verkhovensky, Dostoevsky said that the character is not a portrait of Nechayev but that \\\"my aroused mind has created by imagination the person, the type, that corresponds to the crime... To my own surprise he half turns out to be a comic figure.\\\" Most of the nihilist characters associated with Pyotr Verkhovensky were based on individuals who appeared in the transcripts of the trial of the Nechayevists, which were publicly available and studied by Dostoevsky. The character of Shatov represents\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3403412\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fyodor Dostoevsky\",\n \"text\": \"Russia. Mikhail Bakunin once wrote to Alexander Herzen that the group was \\\"the most innocent and harmless company\\\" and its members were \\\"systematic opponents of all revolutionary goals and means\\\". Dostoevsky used the circle's library on Saturdays and Sundays and occasionally participated in their discussions on freedom from censorship and the abolition of serfdom. In 1849, the first parts of \\\"Netochka Nezvanova\\\", a novel Dostoevsky had been planning since 1846, were published in \\\"Annals of the Fatherland\\\", but his banishment ended the project. Dostoevsky never attempted to complete it. The members of the Petrashevsky Circle were denounced to Liprandi, an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"153534\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)\",\n \"text\": \"of hanging herself. He describes his marriage to Marya Lebyadkina as a deliberate attempt to cripple his own life, largely as a consequence of his inability to forget this episode and the fear he experienced in its aftermath. Dostoevsky considered the chapter to be essential to an understanding of the psychology of Stavrogin, and he tried desperately but unsuccessfully to save it through revisions and concessions to Katkov. He was eventually forced to drop it and rewrite parts of the novel that dealt with its subject matter. He never included the chapter in subsequent publications of the novel, but it\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3403399\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fyodor Dostoevsky\",\n \"text\": \"analyzed the complicated human structure as Dostoyevsky. His psychologic sense is overwhelming and visionary.\\\" The Russian literary theorist M. M. Bakhtin's analysis of Dostoevsky came to be at the foundation of his theory of the novel. Bakhtin argued that Dostoevsky's use of multiple voices was a major advancement in the development of the novel as a genre. In his posthumous collection of sketches \\\"A Moveable Feast\\\", Ernest Hemingway stated that in Dostoevsky \\\"there were things believable and not to be believed, but some so true that they changed you as you read them; frailty and madness, wickedness and saintliness, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"153585\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Ashkenazi\",\n \"text\": \"the family relationships he lost. This is a historical novel about Jews in Poland, the Industrial Revolution, and the beginnings of Communism. Moreover, it is a story about a man doing what he does best and chasing false idols, ideologies, and glory; Max longs to be called the King of Lodz. The Brothers Ashkenazi The Brothers Ashkenazi (1936) is a novel by Israel Joshua Singer. Written in Yiddish and published in Poland, it was first translated into English by Maurice Samuel in 1936 and published abroad by Knopf. It was at the top of The New York Times Best Seller\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11562438\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Cathedral of the Holy and Righteous Warrior Feodor Ushakov\",\n \"text\": \"The Cathedral of the Holy and Righteous Warrior Feodor Ushakov The Cathedral of the Holy and Righteous Warrior Feodor Ushakov () is the major orthodox cathedral in Saransk of the Saransk and Mordovia eparchy. In 1991 by the decision of The Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church the Saransk and Mordovia eparchy parted from the Penza eparchy. The first cathedral of the new administration was named after St. John the Evangelist. It turned out to be too small to serve as a main cathedral. Due to this fact Metropolitan Varsonofiy of Saransk and Mordovia addressed to the authorities of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16580662\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Cathedral of the Holy and Righteous Warrior Feodor Ushakov\",\n \"text\": \"floor there is baptistry, a refectory, a sacristy, Sunday school classes and a library. The Cathedral of the Holy and Righteous Warrior Feodor Ushakov The Cathedral of the Holy and Righteous Warrior Feodor Ushakov () is the major orthodox cathedral in Saransk of the Saransk and Mordovia eparchy. In 1991 by the decision of The Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church the Saransk and Mordovia eparchy parted from the Penza eparchy. The first cathedral of the new administration was named after St. John the Evangelist. It turned out to be too small to serve as a main cathedral. Due\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16580664\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)\",\n \"text\": \"with a grayish little beard, who...keeps raising his fist over his head and bringing it down as if crushing some adversary to dust.\\\" Dostoevsky biographer Ronald Hingley described the novel as \\\"an awesome, prophetic warning which humanity, no less possessed of collective and individual devilry in the 1970s than in the 1870s, shows alarmingly few signs of heeding.\\\" Robert L. Belknap notes its relevance to the twentieth century in general, \\\"when a few Stavrogins empowered thousands of Pyotr Stepanovichs to drive herds of 'capital', to use Nechayev's term, to slaughter about a hundred million people, the very number Shigalyev and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3403419\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)\",\n \"text\": \"Dostoevsky wrote that \\\"Communism will conquer one day, irrespective of whether the Communists are right or wrong. But this triumph will stand very far from the Kingdom of Heaven. All the same, we must accept that this triumph will come one day, even though none of those who at present steer the world's fate have any idea about it at all.\\\" Since the Russian Revolution, many commentators have remarked on the prophetic nature of \\\"Demons\\\". André Gide, writing in the early 1920s, suggested that \\\"the whole of (the novel) prophesies the revolution of which Russia is presently in the throes\\\".\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3403417\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Fishermen (Chigozie Obioma novel)\",\n \"text\": \"prophecy undoes the family and the expectations the brothers' parents have for them. Obioma has seven brothers and four sisters, and wrote the novel as a tribute to his siblings. Two of Obioma's brothers fought violently when they were children, and Obioma was inspired by what he imagined was the worst possible outcome of those fights. The novel has garnered comparisons to \\\"Things Fall Apart\\\" in part due to the central role prophecy has in each novel. However, some critics disputed the validity of the comparisons. It also references the Biblical story of Cain and Abel, and has been referred\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19028945\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dostoevsky and Parricide\",\n \"text\": \"was satisfied by the punishments he had inflicted on himself, the inhibition on his work became less severe.” Dostoevsky and Parricide \\\"Dostoevsky and Parricide\\\" () is an introductory article contributed by Sigmund Freud to a scholarly collection on \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. The collection was published in 1928. The article argues that it is no coincidence that some of the greatest works of world literature - including \\\"Oedipus Rex\\\", \\\"Hamlet\\\", as well as \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" – all concern parricide, which in Dostoevsky's case Freud links to his epilepsy. Ernest Jones termed the piece “Freud's last contribution to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8693191\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is to Be Done? (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"work for the revolution, and ruthlessly subordinate everything in their lives to the cause, the work furnished a blueprint for the asceticism and dedication unto death which became an ideal of the early socialist underground of the Russian Empire. The book is perhaps better known in the English-speaking world for the responses it created than as a novel in its own right. Fyodor Dostoevsky mocked the utilitarianism and utopianism of the novel in his 1864 novella \\\"Notes from Underground\\\", as well as in his 1872 novel \\\"Demons\\\". Leo Tolstoy wrote a different \\\"What Is To Be Done?\\\", published in 1886,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8651227\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dostoevsky and Parricide\",\n \"text\": \"Dostoevsky and Parricide \\\"Dostoevsky and Parricide\\\" () is an introductory article contributed by Sigmund Freud to a scholarly collection on \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. The collection was published in 1928. The article argues that it is no coincidence that some of the greatest works of world literature - including \\\"Oedipus Rex\\\", \\\"Hamlet\\\", as well as \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" – all concern parricide, which in Dostoevsky's case Freud links to his epilepsy. Ernest Jones termed the piece “Freud's last contribution to the psychology of literature and his most brilliant”; Freud himself however called it “this trivial essay. It was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8693189\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)\",\n \"text\": \"Matryosha, described by Stavrogin in his confessional letter. After her encounter with Stavrogin, she tells her mother that she has \\\"killed God\\\". When she hangs herself Stavrogin is present in the next room and aware of what she is doing. A common criticism of \\\"Demons\\\", particularly from Dostoevsky's liberal and radical contemporaries, is that it is exaggerated and unrealistic, a result of the author's over-active imagination and excessive interest in the psycho-pathological. However, despite giving freedom to his imagination, Dostoevsky took great pains to derive the novel's characters and story from real people and real ideas of the time. According\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3403410\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)\",\n \"text\": \"take up within this struggle. Dostoevsky saw atheism as the root cause of Russia's deepening social problems. He further wrote to Maykov: \\\"a man who loses his people and his national roots also loses the faith of his fathers and his God.\\\" It is in this letter that he speaks, referring primarily to Stavrogin and secondarily to Stepan Verkhovensky, of the 'Russian Man' as comparable to the man possessed by demons who is healed by Jesus in the parable of the swine. In \\\"Demons\\\" the Russian man has lost his true national identity (inextricably linked, for Dostoevsky, with the Orthodox\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3403401\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)\",\n \"text\": \"man Dostoevsky himself was a member of a radical organisation (the Petrashevsky Circle), for which he was arrested and exiled to a Siberian prison camp. Dostoevsky was an active participant in a secret revolutionary society formed from among the members of the Petrashevsky Circle. The cell's founder and leader, the aristocrat Nikolay Speshnev, is thought by many commentators to be the principal inspiration for the character of Stavrogin. The narrative is written in the first person by a minor character, Anton Lavrentyevich G—v, who is a close friend and confidant of Stepan Verkhovensky. Young, educated, upright and sensible, Anton Lavrentyevich\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3403353\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\",\n \"text\": \"Dostoevsky was interested in the Nechayev affair, which involved a group of radicals murdering one of their former members. He picked up that story and started with \\\"Demons\\\". The unfinished \\\"Drama in Tobolsk\\\" (Драма. В Тобольске) is considered the first draft of the first chapter of \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\". Dated 13 September 1874, it tells about a fictional murder in Staraya Russa committed by a \\\"praporshchik\\\" named Dmitry Ilynskov (based on a real soldier from Omsk), who is thought to have murdered his father. It goes on noting that his body was suddenly discovered in a pit under a house.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3005723\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fyodor Dostoevsky\",\n \"text\": \"children, while Dostoevsky stayed in St Petersburg to continue with his \\\"Diary\\\". In March 1874, Dostoevsky left \\\"The Citizen\\\" because of the stressful work and interference from the Russian bureaucracy. In his fifteen months with \\\"The Citizen\\\", he had been taken to court twice: on 11 June 1873 for citing the words of Prince Meshchersky without permission, and again on 23 March 1874. Dostoevsky offered to sell a new novel he had not yet begun to write to \\\"The Russian Messenger\\\", but the magazine refused. Nikolay Nekrasov suggested that he publish \\\"A Writer's Diary\\\" in \\\"Notes of the Fatherland\\\"; he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"153555\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\",\n \"text\": \"the attorney Fetyukovich (based on Vladimir Spasovich) is characterized by malapropisms (e.g. 'robbed' for 'stolen', and at one point declares possible suspects in the murder 'irresponsible' rather than innocent). Several plot digressions provide insight into other apparently minor characters. For example, the narrative in Book Six is almost entirely devoted to Zosima's biography, which contains a confession from a man whom he met many years before. Dostoevsky does not rely on a single source or a group of major characters to convey the themes of this book, but uses a variety of viewpoints, narratives and characters throughout. Although \\\"The Brothers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3005728\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Gambler (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"Guy Retallack. A two-part modern-day adaptation, written by Dolya Gavanski (who also played \\\"Polina\\\") and entitled \\\"The Russian Gambler\\\", was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 as part of its \\\"Classic Serial\\\" series in November 2013 and re-broadcast on BBC Radio 4 Extra in March 2018. The cast also included Ed Stoppard as Alexei. The Gambler (novel) The Gambler (, \\\"Igrok\\\"; modern spelling Игрок) is a short novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky about a young tutor in the employment of a formerly wealthy Russian general. The novella reflects Dostoevsky's own addiction to roulette, which was in more ways than one the inspiration\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1618576\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)\",\n \"text\": \"in the ideas of Petr Tkachev. Tkachev argued that the only biologically possible 'equality' for human beings was \\\"an organic, physiological equality conditioned by the same education and common living conditions\\\" and he saw this as the supreme goal of all historical and social progress. Contemporary events in Russia and the terroristic actions of the Paris Commune had convinced Dostoevsky that the world was entering an apocalyptic age. Kjertsaa claims that Dostoevsky did not regard \\\"Revelation\\\" as \\\"merely a consolatory epistle to first century Christians during the persecution they suffered\\\", but as a \\\"prophecy being fulfilled in his own time\\\".\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3403416\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Hundred Brothers\",\n \"text\": \"The Hundred Brothers The Hundred Brothers is a 1997 novel by American author Donald Antrim. The substance of the novel consists of the nocturnal reunion of one hundred brothers in the library of their ancestral home, as they attempt to locate and inter the ashes of their deceased father, an insane monarch, drink heavily, and manifest a variety of mildly homicidal sibling rivalries. The novel was a finalist for the PEN/Faulkner Award in 1998. In his introduction to the novel, Jonathan Franzen wrote, \\\"\\\"The Hundred Brothers\\\" is possibly the strangest novel ever published by an American. Its author, Donald Antrim,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17855278\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\",\n \"text\": \"the translators. In his \\\"Brothers Karamazov\\\" the odd, fussy tone of the narrator is well rendered in the preface...At times, indeed, the convoluted style might make the reader unfamiliar with Dostoevsky's Russian question the translator's command of English. More seriously, this literalism means that the dialogue is sometimes impossibly odd—and as a result rather dead...Such 'foreignizing' fidelity makes for difficult reading.\\\" On the Pevear and Volokhonsky's translation, France writes: \\\"Pevear and Volokhonsky, while they too stress the need to exhume the real, rough-edged Dostoevsky from the normalization practised by earlier translators, generally offers a rather more satisfactory compromise between the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3005733\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fyodor Dostoevsky\",\n \"text\": \"his brother, but when not in a good mood he often looked at everything through dark glasses, became vexed, forgot good manners, and sometimes was carried away to the point of abusiveness and loss of self-awareness\\\". Dostoevsky's first completed literary work, a translation of Honoré de Balzac's novel \\\"Eugénie Grandet\\\", was published in June and July 1843 in the 6th and 7th volume of the journal \\\"Repertoire and Pantheon\\\", followed by several other translations. None were successful, and his financial difficulties led him to write a novel. Dostoevsky completed his first novel, \\\"Poor Folk\\\", in May 1845. His friend Dmitry\",\n \"psg_id\": \"153530\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Idiot\",\n \"text\": \"for non-payment of rent, and by the time the novel was finished in January 1869 they had moved between four different cities in Switzerland and Italy. During this time Dostoevsky periodically fell into the grip of his gambling addiction and lost what little money they had on the roulette tables. He was subject to regular and severe epileptic seizures, including one at the time Anna was going into labor with their daughter Sofia, delaying their ability to go for a midwife. The baby died aged only three months, and Dostoevsky blamed himself for the loss. Dostoevsky's notebooks of 1867 reveal\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2895236\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fyodor Dostoevsky\",\n \"text\": \"When a nine-year-old girl had been raped by a drunk, he was asked to fetch his father to attend to her. The incident haunted him, and the theme of the desire of a mature man for a young girl appears in \\\"The Devils\\\", \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\", \\\"Crime and Punishment\\\", and other writings. An incident involving a family servant, or serf, in the estate in Darovoye, is described in \\\"The Peasant Marey\\\": when the young Dostoevsky imagines hearing a wolf in the forest, Marey, who is working nearby, comforts him. Although Dostoevsky had a delicate physical constitution, his parents described him\",\n \"psg_id\": \"153524\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\",\n \"text\": \"and Dostoevsky \\\"blood relatives\\\", perhaps because of Dostoevsky's existential motifs. Another interesting parallel between the two authors was their strained relationships with their fathers. Kafka felt immensely drawn to the hatred Fyodor's sons demonstrate toward their father in \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" and dealt with the theme of fathers and sons himself in many of his works, most explicitly in his short story \\\"The Judgment\\\". James Joyce noted that [Leo] Tolstoy admired him but he thought that he had little artistic accomplishment or mind. Yet, as he said, 'he admired his heart', a criticism which contains a great deal of truth,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3005749\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Hundred Brothers\",\n \"text\": \"choreography, in which Doug, the self-appointed Corn King, is the lead dancer who engages all the others as he makes his way around the library.\\\" A plurality of critics responding to \\\"The Hundred Brothers\\\" mention Antrim's rigorous control over the narrative. The novel is a feat of exclusion and inclusion. Excluded from the narrative are: women (including the mother or mothers of the hundred brothers), children, any reference to a particular place or year, any realistic accounting of how there came to be so many brothers, how they fit into a single house, and what their lives outside of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17855281\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Number of the Beast (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"The Number of the Beast (novel) The Number of the Beast is a science fiction novel by American writer Robert A. Heinlein, published in 1980. The first (paperback) edition featured a cover and interior illustrations by Richard M. Powers. Excerpts from the novel were serialized in the magazine \\\"Omni\\\" (1979 October, November). The book is a series of diary entries by each of the four main characters: Zebadiah John Carter, programmer Dejah Thoris \\\"Deety\\\" Burroughs Carter, her mathematics professor father Jacob Burroughs, and an off-campus socialite Hilda Corners. The names \\\"Dejah Thoris\\\", \\\"Burroughs\\\", and \\\"Carter\\\" are overt references to John\",\n \"psg_id\": \"701417\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"By the Sword (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"are given a border town in Valdemar to use as a home base, in gratitude for their assistance, and Kerowyn is able to remain in Valdemar, fulfilling her duties as both a Captain and a Herald. By the Sword (novel) By the Sword is the name of a 1991 fantasy novel by Mercedes Lackey. This is a stand-alone novel which connects the Vows & Honor series to the Valdemar Saga; it introduces the character Kerowyn and fills in what had been some gaps in the series. The teenage daughter of a minor nobleman, Kerowyn has been in charge of managing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5342579\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"By the Sword (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"By the Sword (novel) By the Sword is the name of a 1991 fantasy novel by Mercedes Lackey. This is a stand-alone novel which connects the Vows & Honor series to the Valdemar Saga; it introduces the character Kerowyn and fills in what had been some gaps in the series. The teenage daughter of a minor nobleman, Kerowyn has been in charge of managing her father's household since her mother's death, but hates the life of a noblewoman. She is more than ready to hand the responsibilities of the household over to her younger brother's new wife; however, the keep\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5342573\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm\",\n \"text\": \"begins, \\\"Once upon a time, there were two brothers\\\". The children cheer, and the film ends with a caption card that reads \\\"…and they lived happily ever after\\\". In the mid 1950s George Pal left Paramount, where he had worked for a number of years. In 1956 he announced the formation of his own company, Galaxy Pictures, saying he would make six films, including an adaptation of \\\"The Time Machine\\\" written by David Duncan; \\\"Captain Cook\\\", based on the novel \\\"Lost Eden\\\"; a film about Atlantis; and \\\"The Brothers Grimm\\\" based on a script by David Harmon based on a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8286692\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Idiot\",\n \"text\": \"Strakhov he wrote: \\\"Much in the novel was written hurriedly, much is too diffuse and did not turn out well, but some of it did turn out well. I do not stand behind the novel, but I do stand behind the idea.\\\" In September 1867, when Dostoevsky began work on what was to become \\\"The Idiot\\\", he was living in Switzerland with his new wife Anna Grigoryevna, having left Russia in order to escape his creditors. They were living in extreme poverty, and constantly had to borrow money or pawn their possessions. They were evicted from their lodgings five times\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2895235\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"All the Names\",\n \"text\": \"All the Names All the Names () is a novel by Portuguese author José Saramago. It was written in 1997 and translated to English in 1999 by Margaret Jull Costa winning the Oxford-Weidenfeld Translation Prize. The main setting of the novel is the Central Registry of Births, Marriages and Deaths of some ambiguous and unnamed city. This municipal archive holds the record cards for all residents of the city stretching back endlessly into the past. The protagonist is named Senhor José; the only character to be given a proper name (all of the others are referred to simply by some\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6808935\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fyodor Dostoevsky\",\n \"text\": \"pale face was covered with freckles, and his blond hair was cut short. He was a little over average height and looked at me intensely with his sharp, grey-blue eyes. It was as if he were trying to look into my soul and discover what kind of man I was.\\\" In Semipalatinsk, Dostoevsky tutored several schoolchildren and came into contact with upper-class families, including that of Lieutenant-Colonel Belikhov, who used to invite him to read passages from newspapers and magazines. During a visit to Belikhov, Dostoevsky met the family of Alexander Ivanovich Isaev and Maria Dmitrievna Isaeva and fell in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"153541\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\",\n \"text\": \"That Happens Will Happen Today\\\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9406947\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"All the Names\",\n \"text\": \"unknown. Indeed, this is a recurring theme in Saramago's works. Another theme is the absurdity of human action. As Saramago puts it: All the Names All the Names () is a novel by Portuguese author José Saramago. It was written in 1997 and translated to English in 1999 by Margaret Jull Costa winning the Oxford-Weidenfeld Translation Prize. The main setting of the novel is the Central Registry of Births, Marriages and Deaths of some ambiguous and unnamed city. This municipal archive holds the record cards for all residents of the city stretching back endlessly into the past. The protagonist is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6808939\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Glass Cell (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"Fyodor Dostoevsky, and the work was immensely well received by critics from across the spectrum. Writing in \\\"The Guardian\\\", Rachel Cooke called \\\"The Glass Cell\\\" Highsmith's \\\"masterwork: \\\"Crime and Punishment\\\" without any hard labour on the part of the reader\\\". The novel was adapted as a German-language film of the same name (\\\"Die gläserne Zelle\\\"). It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1978. Highsmith thought well of the film, which only increased her dismay when the same director, Hans Geissendorfer, made changes she thought \\\"dreadful\\\" when adapting her novel \\\"Edith's Diary\\\". The Glass Cell\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12580583\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Call (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"Other historical figures appear, sometimes under their own names. The novel mixes narrative, excerpts from Treadup's journal, letters written by Treadup and his wife. and excerpts from \\\"The Search,\\\" an extended memoir which he wrote while in a Japanese internment camp during World War II. This organization allows Hersey to show what Treadup thought at the time of events and then what he thought about them up to forty years later. The first section of the novel describes Treadup’s ancestors, a long-established Anglo-Saxon family. David himself was born 1878 in western New York, then graduated from Syracuse University. The call\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18544312\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fyodor Dostoevsky\",\n \"text\": \"brother Mikhail to St Petersburg to attend the free Nikolayev Military Engineering Institute, forcing the brothers to abandon their academic studies for military careers. Dostoevsky entered the academy in January 1838, but only with the help of family members. Mikhail was refused admission on health grounds and was sent to the Academy in Reval, Estonia. Dostoevsky disliked the academy, primarily because of his lack of interest in science, mathematics and military engineering and his preference for drawing and architecture. As his friend Konstantin Trutovsky once said, \\\"There was no student in the entire institution with less of a military bearing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"153526\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Feodor Gladkov\",\n \"text\": \"in 1958. Gladkov's first major novel after the revolution, titled \\\"Cement\\\", became a literary standard for socialist realist writing during the 1930s; in various speeches to the Writers' Congress in the USSR, Gladkov's contemporaries upheld \\\"Cement\\\" as one of the key exemplars that authors should emulate in Soviet literature. Throughout his lifetime, Gladkov rewrote passages of \\\"Cement\\\" both to suit contemporary political concerns and to fit with the Socialist Realist aesthetic established in 1932. Feodor Gladkov Feodor Vasilyevich Gladkov () – December 20, 1958) was a Soviet Socialist realist writer. Gladkov joined a Communist group in 1904, and in 1905\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5858218\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fyodor Dostoevsky\",\n \"text\": \"Fyodor Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (; ; 11 November 18219 February 1881), sometimes transliterated Dostoyevsky, was a Russian novelist, short story writer, essayist, journalist and philosopher. Dostoevsky's literary works explore human psychology in the troubled political, social, and spiritual atmospheres of 19th-century Russia, and engage with a variety of philosophical and religious themes. His most acclaimed works include \\\"Crime and Punishment\\\" (1866), \\\"The Idiot\\\" (1869), \\\"Demons\\\" (1872) and \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" (1880). Dostoevsky's oeuvre consists of 11 novels, three novellas, 17 short stories and numerous other works. Many literary critics rate him as one of the greatest psychologists in world\",\n \"psg_id\": \"153515\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\",\n \"text\": \"writes: \\\"Over the course of many years, Dave and I have collaborated to tell my story... I told [him] what I knew and what I could remember, and from that material he created this work of art.\\\" The book is typical of Eggers' style: blending non-fictional and fictional elements into a non-fiction novel or memoir. By classifying the book a novel, Eggers says, he freed himself to re-create conversations, streamline complex relationships, add relevant detail and manipulate time and space in helpful ways—all while maintaining the essential truthfulness of the storytelling. However, not all critics were impressed. Lee Siegel sees\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9406942\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Harris Brothers\",\n \"text\": \"the Harris Brothers returned to World Championship Wrestling (WCW) as \\\"Gerald\\\" (Ron) and \\\"Patrick\\\" (Don). The names were shots at Pat Patterson and Gerald Brisco who worked for WWF as Vince McMahon's stooges. They were known collectively as \\\"Creative Control\\\". They went on to join the nWo 2000 in 2000 using their real names, acting as enforcers for Jeff Jarrett. They remained in WCW throughout 2000, feuding with Sid Vicious, Terry Funk and many of the younger tag teams, such as The Mamalukes. After winning the WCW World Tag Team Championship three times, the Harris Brothers began wrestling in singles\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5149612\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brothers of the Head\",\n \"text\": \"Millard and Jack Dunkley also have cameos. They also provided the soundtrack to the movie. All Bang-Bang music tracks featured in the film were actually performed live by actors Harry and Luke Treadaway themselves, along with the actors portraying the band members. The Treadaways, along with all the actors except Bryan Dick (Paul Day), recorded studio tracks for the soundtrack album. Brothers of the Head Brothers of the Head is a 2005 mockumentary featuring the story of Tom and Barry Howe (Harry and Luke Treadaway respectively), conjoined twins living in the United Kingdom. It was based on the 1977 novel\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8399720\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Doctor in the House (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"Doctor in the House (novel) Doctor in the House is a comic novel by Richard Gordon, published in 1952. Set in the fictitious St. Swithin's Hospital in London, the story concerns the exploits and various pranks of a young medical student. In film adaptations, the character is named Simon Sparrow, but in the novel names him Richard Gordon It is the first of a series of 'Doctor' novels written by Gordon, himself a surgeon and anaesthetist. A film adaptation, \\\"Doctor in the House\\\", was released in 1954, starring Dirk Bogarde; several of the subsequent books were also filmed. There were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17881120\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Body of the Dead Christ in the Tomb\",\n \"text\": \"by the work. In 1867, his wife had to drag him away from the panel lest its grip on him induce an epileptic fit. Dostoevsky saw in Holbein an impulse similar to one of his own main literary preoccupations: the pious desire to confront Christian faith with everything that negated it, in this case the laws of nature and the stark reality of death. In his 1869 novel \\\"The Idiot\\\", the character Prince Myshkin, having viewed a copy of the painting in the home of Rogozhin, declares that it has the power to make the viewer lose his faith. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13326980\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Gambler (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"played at Baden-Baden, Homburg, and Saxon-les-Bains frequently, often beginning by winning a small amount of money and losing far more in the end. He wrote to his brother Mikhail on 8 September: Fyodor Dostoevsky then agreed to a hazardous contract with F. T. Stellovsky that if he did not deliver a novel of 12 or more signatures by 1 November 1866, Stellovsky would acquire the right to publish Dostoevsky's works for nine years, until 1 November 1875, without any compensation to the writer. He noted down parts of his story, then dictated them to one of the first stenographers in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1618564\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fyodor Dostoevsky\",\n \"text\": \"Ranke, Hegel and Kant. \\\"The House of the Dead\\\", based on his experience in prison, was published in 1861 in the journal Vremya – it was the first published novel about Russian prisons. Before moving in mid-March to Semipalatinsk, where he was forced to serve in the Siberian Army Corps of the Seventh Line Battalion, Dostoevsky met geographer Pyotr Semyonov and ethnographer Shokan Walikhanuli. Around November 1854, he met Baron , an admirer of his books, who had attended the aborted execution. They both rented houses in the Cossack Garden outside Semipalatinsk. Wrangel remarked that Dostoevsky \\\"looked morose. His sickly,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"153540\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fyodor Dostoevsky\",\n \"text\": \"inspiration for his writing. They continued their trip through Germany, visiting Frankfurt, Darmstadt, Heidelberg and Karlsruhe. They spent five weeks in Baden-Baden, where Dostoevsky had a quarrel with Turgenev and again lost much money at the roulette table. The couple travelled on to Geneva. In September 1867, Dostoevsky began work on \\\"The Idiot\\\", and after a prolonged planning process that bore little resemblance to the published novel, he eventually managed to write the first 100 pages in only 23 days; the serialisation began in \\\"The Russian Messenger \\\"in January 1868. Their first child, Sonya, had been conceived in Baden-Baden, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"153549\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"In the Light of What We Know\",\n \"text\": \"In the Light of What We Know In the Light of What We Know is the debut novel of Zia Haider Rahman. First published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, the novel was released in the spring of 2014 to international critical acclaim and earned its author the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, Britain's oldest literary prize. and the inaugural International Ranald McDonald prize 2016. The novel has already been translated into Dutch, French and Portuguese and is to be translated into several other languages. Much of the novel is set during the war in Afghanistan at the beginning of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18043649\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Feodor I of Russia\",\n \"text\": \"had been sought by Feodor's father, but he turned her down. Feodor I of Russia Fyodor I Ivanovich () or Feodor I Ioannovich (); 31 May 1557 – 16 or 17 January (NS) 1598), also known as Feodor the Bellringer, was the last Rurikid Tsar of Russia (1584–1598). Feodor's mother died when he was three, and he grew up in the shadow of his father, Ivan the Terrible. A pious man of retiring disposition, Feodor took little interest in politics, and the country was effectively administered in his name by Boris Godunov, the brother of his beloved wife Irina. His\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1313260\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Feodor I of Russia\",\n \"text\": \"into the catastrophic Time of Troubles. In Russian documents, Feodor is sometimes called \\\"blessed\\\" (). He is also listed in the \\\"Great Synaxaristes\\\" of the Orthodox Church, with his feast day on January 7 (OS). Feodor was born in Moscow, the son of Ivan IV (The Terrible) by his first wife Anastasia Romanovna. Although he was the sixth and youngest child of his mother, he grew up with only one older brother, Ivan, because all his other older siblings died before Feodor was one year old. His mother also died by the time Feodor was three years old, and her\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1313252\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\",\n \"text\": \"into the tone of the people he is describing, often extending into the characters' most personal thoughts. There is no voice of authority in the story (see Mikhail Bakhtin's \\\"Problems of Dostoyevsky's Poetics\\\" for more on the relationship between Dostoevsky and his characters). In addition to the principal narrator there are several sections narrated by other characters entirely, such as the story of the Grand Inquisitor and Zosima's confessions. This technique enhances the theme of truth, making many aspects of the tale completely subjective. Dostoevsky uses individual styles of speech to express the inner personality of each person. For example,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3005727\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)\",\n \"text\": \"figures like the old Governor Osip Osipovich and the over-zealous policeman Filibusterov, are parodies of a variety of establishment types that Dostoevsky held partially responsible for the excesses of the radical generation. Karmazinov was an openly hostile parody of Turgenev—his personality and mannerisms, his perceived complicity with nihilism, and, in the Gala reading scene, the style of some of his later literary works. Even the most extreme and unlikely characters, such as Kirillov and Shigalev, were grounded in real people or ideas of the time. Kirillov was initially inspired by a Nechayev associate who spoke openly at the trial of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3403414\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Princes of the Golden Cage (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"The Princes of the Golden Cage (novel) The Princes of the Golden Cage is Nathalie Mallet's debut novel, the first installment in The Prince Amir Mystery series. It is a fantasy/mystery; however this novel has also been classified as historical fantasy. The second book in the series, \\\"The King's Daughters\\\", was released in 2008. Prince Amir lives in a lavish and beautiful cage. He lives in a palace with hundreds of his brothers, all barred by law from ever leaving the palace until he, or one of his brothers, becomes the next Sultan. Living under constant threat of death at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12064352\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Choirboys (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"changed for the film, and critics complained that while the book showed the police officers as sympathetic characters, the film painted them as a bunch of drunken jerks. Wambaugh himself refused to have his name associated with the film, as he considered it to be an extremely poor interpretation of his novel. For this reason he is uncredited. Several characters had their names changed from what they had been in the novel: Sam Niles - Sam Lyles, Calvin Potts - Calvin Motts, Willie Wright - \\\"Father\\\" Sartino, Dean Pratt - Dean Proust. The Choirboys (novel) The Choirboys (), a novel,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3242146\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brothers in Law (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"Waring wrote five of the thirteen episodes. The series also spawned a spin-off \\\"Mr Justice Duncannon\\\", also written by Cecil. There were also two radio adaptations, one in 1955 starring Donald Sinden, and in 1970 in which Briers reprised the role. The latter radio series by the BBC ran for thirty nine episodes in three series. They were adaptations by Richard Waring of the TV series. The cast included John Glyn-Jones (Grimes, Roger's pupil master) with Julia Lockwood (Sally) and Bridget Armstrong (Joy) as the women in Roger's life. Brothers in Law (novel) Brothers in Law is a 1955 comic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8405069\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["dmitri, ivan, alexei and smerdyakov"],"string":"[\n \"dmitri, ivan, alexei and smerdyakov\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":297,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what exotic city was featured in national geographic magazine's first photo story in 1905?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"National Geographic","text":"tablet edition for its multimedia presentation of Robert Draper's story \"The Last Chase,\" about the final days of a tornado researcher who was killed in the line of duty. In February 2017, National Geographic received the National Magazine Award (\"Ellie\") for best website. On the magazine's February 1982 cover, the pyramids of Giza were altered, resulting in the first major scandal of the digital photography age and contributing to photography's \"waning credibility\". The cover of the October 1988 issue featured a photo of a large ivory male portrait whose authenticity, particularly the alleged Ice Age provenance, has been questioned. In","psg_id":"1758204"},{"title":"National Geographic Adventure (magazine)","text":"National Geographic Adventure (magazine) National Geographic Adventure was a magazine started in 1999 by the National Geographic Society in the United States. The first issue was published in Spring 1999. Regular publication of the magazine ended in December 2009, and the name was reused for a biannual newsstand publication. The last issue was December 2009/January 2010. The magazine covered adventure travel, environmental issues, natural science, and other topics related to the outdoors. It focused on adventure travel and included: Annually, a slate of adventurers were named \"National Geographic Adventure\" Adventurer of the Year\", in a variety of categories. For example,","psg_id":"10371502"},{"title":"National Geographic Adventure (magazine)","text":"the December 2008/January 2009 issue named \"Fourteen people who dreamed big, pushed their limits, and made our year\". One, Pemba Gyalje Sherpa, was named for \"extreme heroism under trying extreme circumstances\" for repeatedly risking his life to successfully rescue several mountaineers stranded on the mountain, during the 2008 K2 disaster. John Rasmus served as the editor-in-chief of the magazine from its inception to its closure. Sam Serebin and Tom Bentkowski were the design team responsible for the initial prototype and first six issues of the magazine. National Geographic Adventure (magazine) National Geographic Adventure was a magazine started in 1999 by","psg_id":"10371503"},{"title":"National Geographic","text":"with National Geographic maps. A National Geographic map of Europe is featured in the displays of the Winston Churchill museum in London showing Churchill's markings at the Yalta Conference where the Allied leaders divided post-war Europe. In 2001, \"National Geographic\" released an eight-CD-ROM set containing all its maps from 1888 to December 2000. Printed versions are also available from the National Geographic website. In 1995, \"National Geographic\" began publishing in Japanese, its first local language edition. The magazine is currently published in 37 local editions around the world. The following local-language editions have been discontinued: In association with Trends Publications","psg_id":"1758200"},{"title":"National Geographic","text":"40 million people each month. Starting with its January 1905 publication of several full-page pictures of Tibet in 1900–1901, the magazine changed from being a text-oriented publication closer to a scientific journal to featuring extensive pictorial content, and became well known for this style. The June 1985 cover portrait of the presumed to be 12-year-old Afghan girl Sharbat Gula, shot by photographer Steve McCurry, became one of the magazine's most recognizable images. \"National Geographic Kids\", the children's version of the magazine, was launched in 1975 under the name \"National Geographic World\". From the 1970s through about 2010 the magazine was","psg_id":"1758190"},{"title":"National Geographic","text":"National Geographic Partners, overseeing the print and digital expression of National Geographic’s editorial content across its media platforms. She is responsible for news, books (with the exception of National Geographic Kids books), \"National Geographic Traveler\" magazine, \"National Geographic History\" magazine, maps, and all digital content with the exception of \"National Geographic Kids\". Goldberg reports to Gary Knell, CEO of National Geographic Partners. The first issue of \"National Geographic Magazine\" was published on September 22, 1888, nine months after the Society was founded. It was initially a scholarly journal sent to 165 charter members and nowadays it reaches the hands of","psg_id":"1758189"},{"title":"National Geographic Kids","text":"future. National Geographic Kids National Geographic Kids is a children's magazine published by the National Geographic Society. Its first issue was printed in September 1975 under the original title National Geographic World (which itself replaced the much older \"National Geographic School Bulletin\", published weekly during the school year from 1919 to 1975; currently National Geographic produces a separate magazine for classroom use called \"National Geographic Explorer,\" in four separate editions for different grades). The magazine was published for twenty-six years as \"National Geographic World\", until the title of the magazine was changed in 2002 to \"National Geographic Kids\". In a","psg_id":"5128989"},{"title":"National Geographic Kids","text":"National Geographic Kids National Geographic Kids is a children's magazine published by the National Geographic Society. Its first issue was printed in September 1975 under the original title National Geographic World (which itself replaced the much older \"National Geographic School Bulletin\", published weekly during the school year from 1919 to 1975; currently National Geographic produces a separate magazine for classroom use called \"National Geographic Explorer,\" in four separate editions for different grades). The magazine was published for twenty-six years as \"National Geographic World\", until the title of the magazine was changed in 2002 to \"National Geographic Kids\". In a broad","psg_id":"5128985"},{"title":"National Geographic","text":"1999, the magazine was embroiled in the \"Archaeoraptor\" scandal, in which it purported to have a fossil linking birds to dinosaurs. The fossil was a forgery. In 2010, the magazine's Your Shot competition was awarded to William Lascelles for photography featuring a dog with fighter jets over its shoulder. The picture turned out to be a fraud. In March 2018, the editor of National Geographic, Susan Goldberg said that historically the magazine's coverage of people around the world had been racist. Goldberg argued that the magazine ignored non-white Americans and showed different groups as exotic, thereby promoting racial clichés. National","psg_id":"1758205"},{"title":"National Geographic","text":"National Geographic National Geographic (formerly the National Geographic Magazine and branded also as NAT GEO) is the official magazine of the National Geographic Society. It has been published continuously since its first issue in 1888, nine months after the Society itself was founded. It primarily contains articles about science, geography, history, and world culture. The magazine is known for its thick square-bound glossy format with a yellow rectangular border and its extensive use of dramatic photographs. Controlling interest in the magazine has been held by 21st Century Fox since 2015. The magazine is published monthly, and additional map supplements are","psg_id":"1758187"},{"title":"C International Photo Magazine","text":"International Photo Magazine ultimately intends to create an encyclopaedia of photography, one that can be used as a source of reference for years to come. C International Photo Magazine C International Photo Magazine covers contemporary photography in a range of cultural, geographic and themes. It was created by Elena Ochoa Foster, founder of Ivorypress and is published twice yearly. It comes in two different editions, English/Chinese and Spanish/Japanese and is designed by Oscar Mariné creator of Pedro Almodóvar's movie posters. With a hardback cover and 300 pages, \"C International\" resembles a book more than a magazine. The magazine emphasizes design","psg_id":"12808457"},{"title":"National Geographic Traveler","text":"National Geographic Traveler National Geographic Traveler is a magazine published by the National Geographic Society in the United States. It was launched in 1984. Local-language editions of \"National Geographic Traveler\" are published in Armenia, Belgium/the Netherlands, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Indonesia, Latin America, Israel, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia and Spain. A UK edition launched in December 2010. \"National Geographic Traveler\"s main competitors are \"Condé Nast Traveler\" and \"Travel + Leisure\". Keith Bellows was the editor-in-chief until October 2014. Executive editor Norie Quintos was named acting editor-in-chief before Maggie Zackowitz was appointed editor-in-chief in May 2015. Longtime contributor George Stone was","psg_id":"9863567"},{"title":"National Geographic Traveler","text":"named editor-in-chief on January 27, 2016. Other contributors include Christopher Elliott, Deena Guzder, Carl Hoffman, Boyd Matson, and Andrew McCarthy. National Geographic Traveler National Geographic Traveler is a magazine published by the National Geographic Society in the United States. It was launched in 1984. Local-language editions of \"National Geographic Traveler\" are published in Armenia, Belgium/the Netherlands, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Indonesia, Latin America, Israel, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia and Spain. A UK edition launched in December 2010. \"National Geographic Traveler\"s main competitors are \"Condé Nast Traveler\" and \"Travel + Leisure\". Keith Bellows was the editor-in-chief until October 2014. Executive editor","psg_id":"9863568"},{"title":"C International Photo Magazine","text":"C International Photo Magazine C International Photo Magazine covers contemporary photography in a range of cultural, geographic and themes. It was created by Elena Ochoa Foster, founder of Ivorypress and is published twice yearly. It comes in two different editions, English/Chinese and Spanish/Japanese and is designed by Oscar Mariné creator of Pedro Almodóvar's movie posters. With a hardback cover and 300 pages, \"C International\" resembles a book more than a magazine. The magazine emphasizes design and aims to replicate the white walls and neutral background of an art gallery, with no interfering text in its central pages. Its creator said","psg_id":"12808451"},{"title":"National Geographic","text":"work by John Stanmeyer on malaria in the Third World; and a prestigious award for general excellence. Between 1980 and 2011 the magazine has won a total of 24 National Magazine Awards. In May 2006, 2007, and 2011 \"National Geographic\" magazine won the American Society of Magazine Editors' General Excellence Award in the over two million circulation category. In 2010, National Geographic Magazine received the top ASME awards for photojournalism and essay. In 2011, National Geographic Magazine received the top-award from ASME—the Magazine of the Year Award. In April 2014, \"National Geographic\" received the National Magazine Award (\"Ellie\") for best","psg_id":"1758203"},{"title":"National Geographic","text":"archive and digital edition of the magazine are available online to the magazine's subscribers. On September 9, 2015, the National Geographic Society announced a deal with 21st Century Fox that would move the magazine to a new partnership, National Geographic Partners, in which 21st Century Fox would hold a 73 percent controlling interest. In December 2017, Disney announced that it would acquire 21st Century Fox, including the latter's interest in National Geographic Partners. The magazine had a single \"editor\" from 1888–1920. From 1920–1967, the chief editorship was held by the president of the National Geographic Society. Since 1967, the magazine","psg_id":"1758192"},{"title":"National Geographic","text":"theme. In recent decades, the National Geographic Society has unveiled other magazines with different focuses. Whereas in the past, the magazine featured lengthy expositions, recent issues have shorter articles. In addition to being well known for articles about scenery, history, and the most distant corners of the world, the magazine has been recognized for its book-like quality and its standard of photography. It was during the tenure of Society President Alexander Graham Bell and editor Gilbert H. Grosvenor (GHG) that the significance of illustration was first emphasized, in spite of criticism from some of the Board of Managers who considered","psg_id":"1758195"},{"title":"National Geographic","text":"which National Geographic is world-renowned. Supplementing the articles, the magazine sometimes provides maps of the regions visited. National Geographic Maps (originally the Cartographic Division) became a division of the National Geographic Society in 1915. The first supplement map, which appeared in the May 1918 issue of the magazine, titled \"The Western Theatre of War\", served as a reference for overseas military personnel and soldiers' families alike. On some occasions, the Society's map archives have been used by the United States government in instances where its own cartographic resources were limited. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's White House map room was filled","psg_id":"1758199"},{"title":"Story (magazine)","text":"they would relaunch the magazine someday. With a circulation of 40,000, \"Story\" was a five-time finalist and two-time winner of the National Magazine Award for fiction. The Rosenthals featured such established authors as Andrea Barrett, Barry Lopez, Joyce Carol Oates, and Carol Shields while also introducing new authors such as Junot Díaz, Elizabeth Graver, and Abraham Rodriguez. The magazine was published by F&W Publications in Cincinnati. With the sale of F&W forthcoming, the Rosenthals brought \"Story\" to an end with the Winter 2000 issue. Story (magazine) Story was a magazine founded in 1931 by journalist-editor Whit Burnett and his first","psg_id":"10980592"},{"title":"Greenberg v. National Geographic","text":"or a restricted website for subscribers. As a result of this ruling National Geographic announced it is releasing the full 120-year version of its magazine at the end of October 2009. Greenberg v. National Geographic Greenberg v. National Geographic was a copyright lawsuit regarding image use and republication rights of National Geographic Society to their magazine in electronic form. After the National Geographic released a digital archive containing every monthly issue of \"National Geographic magazine\" in 1997, photographer Jerry Greenberg took the Society to court over the reproduction of photographs that National Geographic had licensed from him. National Geographic withdrew","psg_id":"12239239"},{"title":"National Geographic Kids","text":"Africa (two editions), Turkey and the United Kingdom. The magazine is written for children between the ages of six and fourteen. It has an advisory board of 500 subscribers and solicits reader feedback after each issue. The magazine recently launched a spin-off, National Geographic Little Kids, targeted toward children under kindergarten age. In 2009 the magazine launched their first almanac called National Geographic Kids Almanac 2010. In 2010 the almanac continued with an updated book, National Geographic Kids Almanac 2011. There have been new updates to the almanac issued annually since then. These are some of the regular features, most","psg_id":"5128987"},{"title":"Greenberg v. National Geographic","text":"Greenberg v. National Geographic Greenberg v. National Geographic was a copyright lawsuit regarding image use and republication rights of National Geographic Society to their magazine in electronic form. After the National Geographic released a digital archive containing every monthly issue of \"National Geographic magazine\" in 1997, photographer Jerry Greenberg took the Society to court over the reproduction of photographs that National Geographic had licensed from him. National Geographic withdrew this archive from the market in 2004 until after litigation was finished. The archive, called \"The Complete \"National Geographic\" on CD-ROM and DVD\", contained image duplicates of the print magazines. The","psg_id":"12239235"},{"title":"National Geographic","text":"name \"Gita Nama\". Worldwide editions are sold on newsstands in addition to regular subscriptions. In several countries, such as Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Turkey and Ukraine \"National Geographic\" paved the way for a subscription model in addition to traditional newsstand sales.In the United States, newsstand sales began in 1998; previously, membership in the National Geographic Society was the only way to receive the magazine, On May 1, 2008, \"National Geographic\" won three National Magazine Awards—an award solely for its written content—in the reporting category for an article by Peter Hessler on the Chinese economy; an award in the photojournalism category for","psg_id":"1758202"},{"title":"National Geographic Society","text":"magazines. The chairman of the National Geographic Society is Jean Case. Michael Ulica is interim president and chief executive. The editor-in-chief of National Geographic magazine is Susan Goldberg. Gilbert Melville Grosvenor, a former chairman, received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2005 for his leadership in geography education. In 2004, the National Geographic Society headquarters in Washington, D.C., was one of the first buildings to receive a \"Green\" certification from Global Green USA. The National Geographic received the prestigious Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities in October 2006 in Oviedo, Spain. In 2013 the society was investigated for","psg_id":"292449"},{"title":"National Geographic Society","text":"Disney Company announced it will buy the majority of 21st Century Fox. Disney would assume the controlling interest in the National Geographic partnership. There were 33 original founders in 1888. Although Alexander Graham Bell is sometimes discussed as a founder, he was actually the second president, elected on January 7, 1898, and serving until 1903. \"The National Geographic Magazine\", later shortened to \"National Geographic\", published its first issue in October 1888, nine months after the Society was founded, as the Society's official journal, a benefit for joining the tax-exempt National Geographic Society. Starting with the February 1910 (Vol XXI, No.","psg_id":"292454"},{"title":"Photo Bits","text":"write to him about their fetishes. In early 1912, Derk Fortesque dies and 'Cosmopolite' left the magazine. As a result, the character of the magazine changed. The \"Photo Bits\" was involved in publishing fetishist literature. The serial story \"Peggy Paget's Patent Paralyzing Pedal Props\" was published in the magazine in 1910. The magazine also featured 18-inch high-heel fetish shoes. Photo Bits Photo Bits was a British softcore pornography weekly magazine published from 9 July 1898 until 9 December 1914. It was mentioned in James Joyce's Ulysses. The magazine was long targeted by hostile forces concerned about social \"purity\". The editor","psg_id":"14548566"},{"title":"National Geographic Kids","text":"sense, the publication is a version of \"National Geographic\", the flagship magazine of the National Geographic Society, that is intended for children. \"National Geographic Kids\" publishes ten issues annually. The headquarters of the magazine is in Washington, D.C. As of June, 2006, the magazine reports a circulation of more than 1.3 million in English, with an estimated English language readership of more than 4.6 million. There also are eighteen editions of \"National Geographic Kids\" in languages other than English, published in Bulgaria, Croatia, Egypt, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Latin America, Lithuania, Belgium/Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, South","psg_id":"5128986"},{"title":"National Geographic","text":"printed in Corinth, Mississippi, by private printers until that plant was finally closed. In the late 1990s, the magazine began publishing \"The Complete National Geographic\", a digital compilation of all the past issues of the magazine. It was then sued over copyright of the magazine as a collective work in \"Greenberg v. National Geographic\" and other cases, and temporarily withdrew the availability of the compilation. The magazine eventually prevailed in the dispute, and in July 2009 it resumed publishing a compilation containing all issues through December 2008. The compilation was later updated to make more recent issues available, and the","psg_id":"1758191"},{"title":"Photo Story","text":"application (e.g. PaintShop Pro, PhotoShop) first. Photo Story is not officially supported on the Vista or Windows 7 platform, although it downloads and installs fine on both Vista and Windows 7 32-bit and 64-bit. Photo Story Microsoft Photo Story is a free application that allows users to create a visual story (show and tell presentation) from their digital photos. The software uses the Ken Burns Effect on digital photos and allows adding narration, effects, transitions and background music to create a Windows Media Video movie file with pan and zoom effects. Once a photo story has been made, it can","psg_id":"4983913"},{"title":"Photo (French magazine)","text":"graphic images, and its annual amateur photography contest. It was sold by Hachette Filipacchi in 2011. An American edition was published under the name Photo World from 1973 to 1978. Photo (French magazine) Photo is a French magazine about photography previously published by Hachette Filipacchi Médias, and currently owned by EPMA. \"Photo\" was started by Hachette Filipacchi Médias as a monthly magazine in 1960. It was modeled on the magazine \"American Photo\". The magazine is now published ten times a year. It concentrates on the artistic aspects of photography, rather than technical aspects. The editorial line is tripartite: fashion/nude/glamour, historical","psg_id":"5713043"},{"title":"National Geographic Society","text":"for the staff reductions as part of the \"... process of reorganizing in order to move forward strategically following the closing the National Geographic Partners deal, which is expected to occur in mid-November.\" Additional specifics were provided to Photo District News by M. J. Jacobsen, National Geographic's SVP of communications, similar to the contents of a formal announcement by the two companies. \"The National Geographic Society and the National Geographic Channels are in the process of reorganizing in order to move forward strategically following the closing of the NG Partners deal (with Fox), which is expected to occur in mid-November,\"","psg_id":"292452"},{"title":"National Geographic","text":"also included with subscriptions. It is available in a traditional printed edition and through an interactive online edition. On occasion, special editions of the magazine are issued. As of 2015, the magazine was circulated worldwide in nearly 40 local-language editions and had a global circulation of approximately 6.5 million per month according to data published by \"The Washington Post\" (down from about 12 million in the late 1980s) or 6.7 million according to National Geographic. This includes a US circulation of 3.5 million. The current Editor-in-Chief of the \"National Geographic Magazine\" is Susan Goldberg. Goldberg is also Editorial Director for","psg_id":"1758188"},{"title":"Recurring features in Mad (magazine)","text":"dubbed it the \"Mad poiuyt\" after the six rightmost letter keys on a QWERTY keyboard in reverse order, not realizing that the existing image was already known to engineers and usually called a blivet. \"Mad\" cartoonists have regularly drawn themselves, fellow contributors and editors, and family members into the articles, most famously Dave Berg's self-caricature \"Roger Kaputnik\". Al Jaffee sometimes incorporates a self-caricature into his signature. The magazine's photo spreads have typically featured \"Mad\"'s own staff. Originally, the magazine tried hiring models for its photo shoots, but found that many were unwilling to make the exaggerated faces the magazine wanted.","psg_id":"12789798"},{"title":"National Geographic (Canada)","text":"was simply renamed to just National Geographic. National Geographic (Canada) National Geographic (formerly National Geographic Channel) is a Canadian English language Category B specialty channel owned by Corus Entertainment and National Geographic Channel (U.S.). It features documentary and human interest programming that explores the natural world. The service, like its international counterparts, is based on \"National Geographic Magazine\". Programming includes specials and theme weeks such as 'Pharaoh's Week' and 'Shark Week'. The programs broadcast revolve around the following topics: wildlife, history, science and technology, people and culture, and travel and adventure. In November 2000, Alliance Atlantis (on behalf of a","psg_id":"6804456"},{"title":"National Geographic Farsi","text":"National Geographic Farsi National Geographic Farsi is a free-to-air documentary channel that started broadcasting on October 15, 2011 and was shut down on May 1, 2013, and relaunched on September 1, 2017. It is the official Persian language edition of the National Geographic Channel. The channel broadcast via Eutelsat W3A. Whilst the channel was aimed to be broadcast for a Persian-speaking audience in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan, the channel's broadcast was actually based in Dubai, U.A.E.. It was co-owned by the National Geographic Society/Fox Networks Group. During the channel's shutdown, the Persian edition of the \"National Geographic\" magazine, which launched","psg_id":"16239241"},{"title":"Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape","text":"the work retains a rather more rigorous structure than other Fauve landscapes of the period. It's arcadian subject and a mosaic-like application of paint give a uniquely individual flavour to what Metzinger termed his 'chromatic poetry'. Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape Baigneuses: Deux nus dans un paysage exotique (also called \"Bathers: Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape\" and \"Bañistas: dos desnudos en un paisaje exótico\") is an oil painting created circa 1905-06 by the French artist and theorist Jean Metzinger (1883–1956). \"Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape\" is a Proto-Cubist work executed in a highly personal Divisionist style during","psg_id":"17310781"},{"title":"National Geographic (Canada)","text":"National Geographic (Canada) National Geographic (formerly National Geographic Channel) is a Canadian English language Category B specialty channel owned by Corus Entertainment and National Geographic Channel (U.S.). It features documentary and human interest programming that explores the natural world. The service, like its international counterparts, is based on \"National Geographic Magazine\". Programming includes specials and theme weeks such as 'Pharaoh's Week' and 'Shark Week'. The programs broadcast revolve around the following topics: wildlife, history, science and technology, people and culture, and travel and adventure. In November 2000, Alliance Atlantis (on behalf of a corporation to be incorporated) was granted approval","psg_id":"6804453"},{"title":"National Geographic (U.S. TV channel)","text":"in more than 160 million homes and in 25 languages. Being the first country in Latin America to receive the channel, broadcasts from Brazil started substituting the independent channel Superstation channel on November 1, 2000 released by FOX Latin American Channels. According to people connected to the channel, it was first launched in the country due to the sales success of the magazine \"National Geographic\". In the United States, the National Geographic Channel, launched on January 12, 2001, is a joint venture of National Geographic Television & Film and Fox Cable Networks. National Geographic provides programming expertise and the Fox","psg_id":"3645951"},{"title":"National Geographic","text":"\"National Geographic\", convinced the magazine to allow its photographers to use the so-called \"miniature\" 35 mm Leica cameras loaded with Kodachrome film over bulkier cameras with heavy glass plates that required the use of tripods. In 1959, the magazine started publishing small photographs on its covers, later becoming larger photographs. National Geographic photography quickly shifted to digital photography for both its printed magazine and its website. In subsequent years, the cover, while keeping its yellow border, shed its oak leaf trim and bare table of contents, to allow for a full page photograph taken for one of the month's articles.","psg_id":"1758197"},{"title":"Photo (French magazine)","text":"Photo (French magazine) Photo is a French magazine about photography previously published by Hachette Filipacchi Médias, and currently owned by EPMA. \"Photo\" was started by Hachette Filipacchi Médias as a monthly magazine in 1960. It was modeled on the magazine \"American Photo\". The magazine is now published ten times a year. It concentrates on the artistic aspects of photography, rather than technical aspects. The editorial line is tripartite: fashion/nude/glamour, historical images of wars/guillotines/poverty or similar, and selected journalism news photos from around the world. It is read and distributed around the world, and is known featuring naked models, colorful saturated","psg_id":"5713042"},{"title":"National Geographic Explorer","text":"National Geographic Explorer National Geographic Explorer (or simply Explorer) is an American documentary television series that originally premiered on Nickelodeon on April 7, 1985, after having been produced as a less costly and intensive alternative to PBS's \"National Geographic Specials\" by Pittsburgh station WQED. The first episode (\"Herculaneum: Voices from the Past\") was produced by WQED and featured long-time \"Explorer\" camerman Mark Knobil, who is the few staff members with the franchise during all 24 seasons. The program is the longest-running documentary television series on cable television. Presented every Sunday from 5:00 pm to 8:00 pm, the original series was","psg_id":"10162723"},{"title":"National Geographic Society","text":"a constitution and a plan of organization, the National Geographic Society was incorporated two weeks later on January 27. Gardiner Greene Hubbard became its first president and his son-in-law, Alexander Graham Bell, succeeded him in 1897. In 1899, Bell's son-in-law Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor was named the first full-time editor of National Geographic magazine and served the organization for fifty-five years (until 1954), and members of the Grosvenor family have played important roles in the organization since. Bell and Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor devised the successful marketing notion of Society membership and the first major use of photographs to tell stories in","psg_id":"292448"},{"title":"Photo Story","text":"fly from a combination of themes and also includes basic photo editing and touchup features. The last version of Photo Story (3.1) was included with the discontinued Microsoft Digital Image 2006. It restored the ability to burn a Video CD using the Sonic Burning engine. To burn CDs or DVDs from files generated by version 3.0, users may purchase Sonic MyDVD DVD burning software or the Sonic DVD for Photo Story 3 for Windows plug in (which burns one DVD per Story). Third party tools, such as Media Coder, often do a very poor (low quality) job of converting Photo","psg_id":"4983907"},{"title":"Photo manipulation","text":"applied to image manipulation. During a panel on the topic of ethics in image manipulation Aude Oliva theorized that categorical shifts are necessary in order for an edited image to be viewed as a manipulation. In \"Image Act Theory\", Carson Reynolds extended speech act theory by applying it to photo editing and image manipulations. In \"How to Do Things with Pictures\", William J. Mitchell details the long history of photo manipulation and discusses it critically. A notable incident of controversial photo manipulation occurred over a photograph that was altered to fit the vertical orientation of a 1982 \"National Geographic\" magazine","psg_id":"2930191"},{"title":"National Geographic","text":"in Beijing and IDG Asia, \"National Geographic\" has been authorized for \"copyright cooperation\" in China to publish the yellow border magazine, which launched with the July 2007 issue of the magazine with an event in Beijing on July 10, 2007 and another event on December 6, 2007 in Beijing also celebrating the 29th anniversary of normalization of U.S.–China relations featuring former President Jimmy Carter. The mainland China version is one of the two local-language editions that bump the \"National Geographic\" logo off its header in favor of a local-language logo; the other one is the Persian version published under the","psg_id":"1758201"},{"title":"September 11 Photo Project","text":"research, prevention, education, and the proper treatment of burns. Over twenty thousand dollars were raised on behalf of the Foundation through both direct and indirect efforts. The September 11 Photo Project was featured in numerous publications, such as The Washington Post, The Times, The Sacramento Bee, Chicago Tribune, The New York Daily News, San Antonio Express-News, The Villager, The Tribeca Trib, The Daily Journal, Chicago Sun-Times, The Star-Ledger and in the following publications as part of their coverage of the September 11 attacks and their aftermath: The New York Times and National Geographic (magazine). Other publications that covered the September","psg_id":"17033655"},{"title":"National Geographic Society","text":"2) issue, the magazine began using its now famous trademarked yellow border around the edge of its covers. There are 12 monthly issues of \"National Geographic\" per year. The magazine contains articles about geography, popular science, world history, culture, current events and photography of places and things all over the world and universe. \"National Geographic\" magazine is currently published in 40 local-language editions in many countries around the world. Combined English and other language circulation is around 6.8 million monthly, with some 60 million readers. In addition to its flagship magazine, the Society publishes several other periodicals: The Society also","psg_id":"292455"},{"title":"National Geographic Image Collection","text":"million file selects, and 300,000 staff rolls (9 million images). At any given time there are also 50-60,000 non-staff rolls (2 million images) in transit among Film Review, the Image Collection, and return to photographers. Images become part of the collection if they are Selected images are available online through their e-commerce site: www.nationalgeographicstock.com On September 17, 2009 the National Geographic Image Collection opened its first exhibition of vintage National Geographic images at the Steven Kasher Gallery in Chelsea, New York. 150 vintage prints, many of which were never published in National Geographic Magazine, from a dozen photographers, were on","psg_id":"11439370"},{"title":"Photo Story","text":"create a DVD or CD will need to use third-party tools to convert into DVD compatible (e.g. MPEG 2) format first. Version 2 was included in Microsoft Plus! Digital Media Edition and Microsoft Digital Image Suite versions 9 and 10. It supported exporting the photo story as a Video CD. Version 3.0, although still a free download from Microsoft, removed direct Video CD burning, but supported a paid-for add-on from Sonic Solutions for exporting and burning the photo story to DVD. The final free download version (3.0) includes the ability to randomly generate background music which is composed on the","psg_id":"4983906"},{"title":"National Geographic Society","text":"\"Geographic\" series in the U.S. started on CBS in 1964, moved to ABC in 1973, shifted to PBS (produced by WQED, Pittsburgh) in 1975, shifted to NBC in 1995, and returned to PBS in 2000. National Geographic Channel, launched in January 2001, is a joint venture of National Geographic and Fox Cable Networks. It has featured stories on numerous scientific figures such as Jacques Cousteau, Jane Goodall, and Louis Leakey that not only featured their work but as well helped make them world-famous and accessible to millions. Most of the specials were narrated by various actors, including Glenn Close, Linda","psg_id":"292457"},{"title":"Icelandic Geographic","text":"Icelandic Geographic Icelandic Geographic was a magazine about the nature and people of Iceland, founded by Thordis Hadda Yngvadottir and Ketill Sigurjonsson. The magazine was published between 2002 and 2005. The first issue of \"Icelandic Geographic\" was published in August 2002. The magazine was part of Polar Publishing. It organized and hosted the \"coolest\" Travel Summit on the Planet; an international literary and photographic travel-event, held in Reykjavík in 2005. The speakers and panelists at the Travel Summit were: Faith D'Aluisio (author and television news producer), Keith Bellows (Editor-in-chief of National Geographic Traveler and Vice President of National Geographic), Tim","psg_id":"6261301"},{"title":"Photo Bits","text":"Photo Bits Photo Bits was a British softcore pornography weekly magazine published from 9 July 1898 until 9 December 1914. It was mentioned in James Joyce's Ulysses. The magazine was long targeted by hostile forces concerned about social \"purity\". The editor of the magazine faced arrest and prosecution. The magazine was later renamed \"Bits of Fun\". \"Photo Bits\" was completely different from other magazines or papers of that time, and was classified as a \"comic\" paper in contemporary press directories. It was the United Kingdom's first pin-up magazine. The contents of the magazine generally included one serial story written by","psg_id":"14548564"},{"title":"Blue (tourism magazine)","text":"cover of its first issue was included in a list of the Top 40 magazine covers of the last 40 years by the American Society of Magazine Editors. The photo that was used had been submitted for an earlier magazine, \"Beach Culture\". Photographer Gary Fabiano's work for a story on refugee camps in Kosovo, was listed in 1999's \"Life\" magazine's Best Magazine Photos of the Year special issue, and was a runner-up in the 2000 Alfred Eisenstaedt Awards for Magazine Photography in the category of News (Photo Essay). \"Folio: Magazine\" awarded \"Blue\" with first place in the Best Travel Editorial","psg_id":"6322738"},{"title":"National Geographic Encounter","text":"the Solomon Islands. National Geographic Encounter National Geographic Encounter, also known as National Geographic Encounter: Ocean Odyssey due to its inaugural exhibit, is a Times Square is an exploration of the oceans attraction operated under license from National Geographic. It is located in the former printing area of what once was the \"New York Times\" Building, leased from the Kushner Companies.. It is operated in partnership with SPE Partners and Times Square Attractions Live. The 60,000 sq. feet space makes use of technology to create a virtual ocean experience. Among the sources for the content are more than one thousand","psg_id":"20787329"},{"title":"National Geographic Encounter","text":"National Geographic Encounter National Geographic Encounter, also known as National Geographic Encounter: Ocean Odyssey due to its inaugural exhibit, is a Times Square is an exploration of the oceans attraction operated under license from National Geographic. It is located in the former printing area of what once was the \"New York Times\" Building, leased from the Kushner Companies.. It is operated in partnership with SPE Partners and Times Square Attractions Live. The 60,000 sq. feet space makes use of technology to create a virtual ocean experience. Among the sources for the content are more than one thousand original photographs of","psg_id":"20787328"},{"title":"S-F Magazine","text":"vote annually for best foreign short story, best Japanese short story and best illustrator from their issues in the previous year since 1989. It also held during 1962-1992 and resumed in 2013, a prize for unpublished works to recruit new writers. S-F Magazine \"S-F Magazine\" was established in 1960. It began publication with the February 1960 issue, which appeared in bookshops in December 1959. The magazine was established by Masami Fukushima. It was also first edited by him. He was the editor for nearly a decade, being succeeded by Masaru Mori in 1969. At first the magazine published translations of","psg_id":"11377831"},{"title":"So What! (magazine)","text":"the most noteworthy articles, pictorials, and interviews that the magazine has featured in more than a decade. The book also gave the general public its first non-membership look at the Metallica club and the quarterly release of its fan club magazine. So What! (magazine) So What! is the magazine of The Metallica Club (usually known as Metclub), the official Metallica fan club. The magazine was started in 1993. It comes out four times a year just for club members and has 48 pages with Metallica news, photos and inside information. The title of the magazine came from their cover of","psg_id":"8105432"},{"title":"Photo Story","text":"Photo Story Microsoft Photo Story is a free application that allows users to create a visual story (show and tell presentation) from their digital photos. The software uses the Ken Burns Effect on digital photos and allows adding narration, effects, transitions and background music to create a Windows Media Video movie file with pan and zoom effects. Once a photo story has been made, it can be played on a PC using Windows Media Player. Since the .wmv format is used, Windows Media Video Image (a sub-set of Windows Media Video) is incompatible with domestic DVD players, users wishing to","psg_id":"4983905"},{"title":"National Geographic Abu Dhabi","text":"dubbed from English including local productions specifically created for the region including: Mission Everest - The UAE Military Team, Megastructures: Louvre Abu Dhabi, Global Village, & Every Emirati's Son. National Geographic Abu Dhabi is considered as a free alternative to the subscription variants offered and available via OSN and beIN Network's pay TV services. It is co-owned by the National Geographic Society/Fox Networks Group & Abu Dhabi Media Company. The latter is also responsible for launching the Arabic version of the \"National Geographic\" magazine. National Geographic Abu Dhabi National Geographic Abu Dhabi (Arabic: ناشيونال جيوغرافيك أبوظبي) is a free-to-air documentary","psg_id":"13537878"},{"title":"Chris McLennan","text":"photographic equipment. McLennan also hosts photo tours to Alaska, Norway, Africa and New Zealand. In New Zealand McLennan has featured in the NZ Herald national newspaper, Canvas Magazine (cover story), D-Photo Magazine, Southland Times newspaper (cover story), Rodney Times newspaper (cover story) and NorWest News (cover story), as well as live interviews live on TV3's Campbell Live, TV1's Seven Sharp news programs and a featurette on the Natural History channel. He is author of the regular \"On Location\" column in \"D-Photo Magazine\", a bi-monthly photographic publication in New Zealand. Internationally McLennan has been interviewed live on Sky Sports Radio in","psg_id":"18199985"},{"title":"FTM Magazine","text":"Magazine was first funded in November 2013. Jason Robert Ballard, ran the company independently for the first three years. The website was then launched in January 2014. The magazine released a photo of model Aydian Dowling recreating the famous Adam Levine photo which was featured in the Cosmopolitan (UK) for testicular and prostate cancer awareness. As a result of this photo's popularity, the magazine launched their clothing line: This Is What Trans Looks Like. Due to some backlash for being a binary exclusive company, the Fall 2017 issue was postponed. It has been reopened with a team as a media","psg_id":"19741334"},{"title":"National Geographic Society","text":"National Geographic Society The National Geographic Society (NGS), headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, is one of the largest non-profit scientific and educational organizations in the world. Founded in 1888, its interests include geography, archaeology, and natural science, the promotion of environmental and historical conservation, and the study of world culture and history. The National Geographic Society's logo is a yellow portrait frame—rectangular in shape—which appears on the margins surrounding the front covers of its magazines and as its television channel logo. In partnership with 21st Century Fox, the Society operates the magazine, TV channels, a website, worldwide events, and","psg_id":"292444"},{"title":"Exotic Gothic","text":"women have assumed more presence on the table of contents, but it is a presence still shy of what one sampling of contemporary American-edited horror anthologies found: \"Black Static\" staff reviewer Peter Tennant discusses the disparity of women in US and British horror anthologies (not mentioning \"Exotic Gothic 3\", but writing within ten months of \"Exotic Gothic 3\"'s release), pointing out that women make up around 32% of the contributors for American-edited horror anthologies he examined, and merely 21% of the contributors for contemporary UK-edited horror anthologies he examined. Reviewer Rich Horton in the March 2010 issue of \"Locus (magazine)\",","psg_id":"16287084"},{"title":"Ms. (magazine)","text":"for the Wonder Woman comic book that was to culminate in Wonder Woman protecting an abortion clinic. This story arc was cancelled because of Steinem's intervention - her disapproval of Wonder Woman being out of costume was used as a publicity stunt and excuse to remove Delany from the comic book and cancel the controversial storyline. A 1976 cover story on battered women made \"Ms.\" the first national magazine to address the issue of domestic violence. The cover photo featured a woman with a bruised face. The \"We Had Abortions\" petition appears in the October 2006 issue as part of","psg_id":"3295307"},{"title":"Western Story Magazine","text":"Western Story Magazine Western Story Magazine was a pulp magazine published by Street & Smith, which ran from 1919 to 1949. It was the first of numerous pulp magazines devoted to Western fiction. In its heyday, \"Western Story Magazine\" was one of the most successful pulp magazines; in 1921 the magazine was selling over half a million copies each issue. The headquarters was in New York City. \"Western Story Magazine\" began when Street & Smith executive Henry Ralston decided to convert one of the company's nickel weeklies, \"New Buffalo Bill Weekly\", into a pulp. Ralston installed Frank Blackwell as editor","psg_id":"16170019"},{"title":"National Geographic","text":"Issues of \"National Geographic\" are often kept by subscribers for years and re-sold at thrift stores as collectibles. The standard for photography has remained high over the subsequent decades and the magazine is still illustrated with some of the highest-quality photojournalism in the world. In 2006, \"National Geographic\" began an international photography competition , called the with over eighteen countries participating. In conservative Muslim countries like Iran and Malaysia, photographs featuring topless or scantily clad members of primitive tribal societies are often blacked out; buyers and subscribers often complain that this practice decreases the artistic value of the photographs for","psg_id":"1758198"},{"title":"National Geographic (Canada)","text":"by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to launch a national English-language Category 2 specialty television service called National Geographic Channel. It was described as a service that will \"feature documentary programming in the areas of geography, world cultures, anthropology, remote exploration, natural conservation and geo-politics. Its programs will draw on pre-eminent resources, talent and expertise and use rare and spectacular images, riveting storytelling and innovative technology to bring the pages of the National Geographic Magazine to life.\" The channel was launched on September 7, 2001 under the ownership of Alliance Atlantis and the U.S.-based National George Channel. On","psg_id":"6804454"},{"title":"28th National Geographic Bee","text":"28th National Geographic Bee The 28th annual National Geographic Bee was held between May 22–25, 2016 in Washington, D.C. It was moderated by the American humorist, journalist and actor Mo Rocca and featured a grand prize of a $50,000 college scholarship. The champion was Rishi Nair of Williams Magnet Middle School in Tampa, Florida, who won the $50,000 scholarship, lifetime membership to the National Geographic Society, and a Lindblad expedition to southeast Alaska. The 2nd-place winner was Saketh Jonnalagadda of Stony Brook Middle School in Westford, Massachusetts, who won a $25,000 scholarship. The 3rd-place winner was Kapil Nathan of Brock's","psg_id":"19424788"},{"title":"Story (magazine)","text":"Story (magazine) Story was a magazine founded in 1931 by journalist-editor Whit Burnett and his first wife, Martha Foley, in Vienna, Austria. Showcasing short stories by new authors, 67 copies of the debut issue (April–May, 1931) were mimeographed in Vienna, and two years later, \"Story\" moved to New York City, where Burnett and Foley created The Story Press in 1936. By the late 1930s, the circulation of \"Story\" had climbed to 21,000 copies. Authors introduced in \"Story\" included Charles Bukowski, Erskine Caldwell, John Cheever, Junot Diaz, James T. Farrell, Joseph Heller, J. D. Salinger, Tennessee Williams and Richard Wright. Other","psg_id":"10980586"},{"title":"National Geographic Kids","text":"of which appear periodically, The twenty-fifth anniversary issue in September, 2000 was well publicized. It featured a \"Top 25\" list of the things readers most enjoyed (the magazine covers were #1) a collection of cards people had sent to the magazine, and a special \"Kids Did It\" column that featured updates on the lives of celebrities who had been featured in the magazine when they were children, such as Michelle Kwan. The thirtieth anniversary issue in September, 2005 featured an article describing what life might be like in thirty years (in 2035). It also featured thirty \"cool things\" of the","psg_id":"5128988"},{"title":"True Story (magazine)","text":"Dorchester Media on March 9, 2012. The headquarters of \"True Story\" is in New York City. \"True Story\" was the basis for a radio series, The True Story Court of Human Relations, produced by an advertising agency to promote the magazine. The program was directed by radio historian Erik Barnouw and broadcast live on NBC beginning in 1935 and continuing through the 1930s. The UK edition of \"True Story\" duplicated the American magazine but also added British material. It was first published by Hutchinson's in 1922. The Argus Press became the publisher in 1949. True Story (magazine) True Story is","psg_id":"14192496"},{"title":"Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape","text":"Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape Baigneuses: Deux nus dans un paysage exotique (also called \"Bathers: Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape\" and \"Bañistas: dos desnudos en un paisaje exótico\") is an oil painting created circa 1905-06 by the French artist and theorist Jean Metzinger (1883–1956). \"Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape\" is a Proto-Cubist work executed in a highly personal Divisionist style during the height of the Fauve period. The painting is now in the Carmen Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection, Spain (). \"Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape\" is an oil painting on canvas with dimensions 116 x 88.8 cm (45","psg_id":"17310768"},{"title":"Photo Story","text":"to undo their actions, people would be assured by its presence but would not use it unless they truly made a mistake during narration. Photo Story was not included with Windows XP, though it was and continues to be made available as a free download to authenticated users. Vista and Windows 7 both include Photo Story type applications (Windows Movie Maker and Windows DVD Maker), however some users still prefer the flexibility offered by the original. The maximum number of images that may be imported in a single batch is 200. The maximum image size is 72,300 (width) x 7,200","psg_id":"4983910"},{"title":"Photo Story","text":"Story wmv files - Windows Movie Maker does a far better job of converting into an intermediate .avi format (although this will be some 30 times larger than the original wmv) which many DVD Authoring packages will accept as input. The final DVD compatible MPEG2 file size will typically be 5 to 6 times larger than the original .wmv file (or about 6 times smaller than the avi). Photo Story originally was based on a Microsoft Research project in photo sharing. The chief finding of that research was that people narrated better stories when they moved their hands, made gestures","psg_id":"4983908"},{"title":"National Magazine Awards","text":"four magazines per year until 1998, when five magazines received General Excellence awards. Six magazines received awards in 2002. From 2003 to 2010, the award went to seven different magazines and in 2011, to eight. Since 2012, the award has gone to six magazines. Previously known as Visual Excellence (1970-1979). Honors overall excellence in print magazine design. Honors overall excellence in print magazine photography. \"Previously known as Photo Portfolio/Photo Essay (2004-2006) and Photo Portfolio (2007-2010). Honors the use of original photography in a feature story, photo-essay or photo portfolio.\" \"Honors magazines that have devoted a single issue to the comprehensive","psg_id":"4767397"},{"title":"Exotic Gothic","text":"Bram Stoker Award-finalist webzine \"Horror World\" concludes that \"Exotic Gothic\" \"raises the question as to 'How does the contemporary global Gothic enlarge, transcend, scramble, subvert, or mock the genre?' Olson subdivided the Anthology into Sections for Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, Latin America, and North America. Each Section then has various stories that are set within or relate to the particular geographic area..\" Inside the first volume, the editor \"celebrates the loosening of geographic bonds, an emancipation of the genre.\" Exotic Gothic 2: New Tales of Taboo was published Sept. 2008 by Ash-Tree Press, hardcover and trade ppk., original cover photography","psg_id":"16287082"},{"title":"Paul Chesley","text":"the Eye in Aspen, Colorado. Chesley also participated as a student on a National Geographic workshop led by Robert Gilka, the society’s director of photography. Chesley began shooting assignments for National Geographic in 1975 and has since completed more than 35 projects for the society. His photography has focused primarily on people and cultures in Oceania, Asia and Europe. In 1984, Chesley helped found Photographers/Aspen, a photo collective of four National Geographic photographers. In 1989, Chesley met and became friends with Hunter S. Thompson while producing a story on Aspen for Life magazine. In an interview with Stephen Metcalf for","psg_id":"16055470"},{"title":"National Geographic Orion","text":"briefly named the \"Constellation\"; after its latest refit it is currently operated as the \"Lauren L\". National Geographic Orion National Geographic Orion (previously known as MS \"Orion\" and MY \"Orion\") is operated by New York City-based Lindblad Expeditions - National Geographic. Built by Cassens shipyard in Germany for the Marshall Islands registered company Explorer Maritime, with technical management by the Greek-based company Helios Shipping, the \"Orion\" was originally operated, albeit for a short time, by US-based cruise operator Travel Dynamics International (TDI). TDI had operated the vessel in the Antarctic and the Arctic and many points in between, including the","psg_id":"8625260"},{"title":"National Geographic Orion","text":"National Geographic Orion National Geographic Orion (previously known as MS \"Orion\" and MY \"Orion\") is operated by New York City-based Lindblad Expeditions - National Geographic. Built by Cassens shipyard in Germany for the Marshall Islands registered company Explorer Maritime, with technical management by the Greek-based company Helios Shipping, the \"Orion\" was originally operated, albeit for a short time, by US-based cruise operator Travel Dynamics International (TDI). TDI had operated the vessel in the Antarctic and the Arctic and many points in between, including the Great Lakes and the Amazon River. Orion Expedition Cruises (OEC), since absorbed by Lindblad, then entered","psg_id":"8625252"},{"title":"National Geographic (Scandinavia)","text":"National Geographic (Scandinavia) National Geographic Channel is a television channel broadcasting documentaries and related programmes to the Nordic countries. It is owned by the NGC-UK Partnership, which was in the first ten years of its existence, owned by the National Geographic Society and British Sky Broadcasting. In December 2006, Sky's parent company News Corporation (now 21st Century Fox), acquired 25 percent of the company. This meant that BSkyB owned half company, while National Geographic Television and News Corp held 25 percent share each. In December 2007, BSkyB sold its stake in the partnership to the Fox Entertainment Group. The National","psg_id":"9856798"},{"title":"Hombre (magazine)","text":"Hombre (magazine) Hombre is the only American bilingual, upmarket national magazine targeting Latin men. The bimonthly launched in 2005. \"Hombre\" includes interviews with prominent Latin men, news features relevant to the Latin community, sports stories, fashion editorials, and photo layouts of Latin women. Lifestyle columns include sections on travel, restaurants and hotels, nightlife, as well as health and fitness. The Entertainment section has features and reviews of theater, film, music and television projects. Musical reviews focus on Latin artists. The Events section lists national and international happenings. The first woman featured in the photo layout section of \"Hombre\" was Roselyn","psg_id":"12612960"},{"title":"National Geographic Society","text":"Jaobsen wrote. \"Involuntary separations will represent about 9 percent of the overall workforce reduction, many in shared services and a voluntary separation offer has also been made to eligible employees,\" he added. Specifics as to which departments would be affected were not immediately available but \"The Washington Post\" reported that the staff reduction appears to affect almost every department including the magazine and the National Geographic Channel. On October 26, 2016, National Geographic announced a rebrand and the television network dropped \"Channel\" from its name. On December 14, 2017, in a historic deal valued at over $52 billion, The Walt","psg_id":"292453"},{"title":"George Story (journalist)","text":"titled \"A Life Ends\", featuring his story and how it had intertwined with the magazine over the years. George Story (journalist) George Story was an American journalist. As a baby being cradled by a doctor, he was featured on a photo-insert in the inaugural issue of \"Life\", dated November 23, 1936. Captioned under the photograph were the words \"Life Begins\". Story grew up to become a journalist and later on, a city manager. A married man, he spent his retirement years in Hawaii. Story died of a cardiac arrest on April 4, 2000, just a month after Time Inc. announced","psg_id":"17653146"},{"title":"National Geographic (Scandinavia)","text":"and Norwegian markets were launched. National Geographic (Scandinavia) National Geographic Channel is a television channel broadcasting documentaries and related programmes to the Nordic countries. It is owned by the NGC-UK Partnership, which was in the first ten years of its existence, owned by the National Geographic Society and British Sky Broadcasting. In December 2006, Sky's parent company News Corporation (now 21st Century Fox), acquired 25 percent of the company. This meant that BSkyB owned half company, while National Geographic Television and News Corp held 25 percent share each. In December 2007, BSkyB sold its stake in the partnership to the","psg_id":"9856802"},{"title":"Exotic (song)","text":"a sweat.\" As of now it has acquired over 100 million views. Credits adapted from the single's official liner notes. Exotic (song) \"Exotic\" is the second single by Indian recording artist Priyanka Chopra featuring American rapper Pitbull. \"Exotic\" is to be featured on Chopra's upcoming debut studio album; the song was released by Interscope Records on July 9, 2013 as the lead single from the album. \"Exotic\" was written by Chopra, Pitbull and RedOne, who also produced the song. It contains both English and Hindi lyrics. The single debuted and peaked on \"Billboard\"s Hot Dance Club Songs at #12 and","psg_id":"17436936"},{"title":"Exotic (song)","text":"Exotic (song) \"Exotic\" is the second single by Indian recording artist Priyanka Chopra featuring American rapper Pitbull. \"Exotic\" is to be featured on Chopra's upcoming debut studio album; the song was released by Interscope Records on July 9, 2013 as the lead single from the album. \"Exotic\" was written by Chopra, Pitbull and RedOne, who also produced the song. It contains both English and Hindi lyrics. The single debuted and peaked on \"Billboard\"s Hot Dance Club Songs at #12 and on Dance/Electronic Digital Songs at #16. The single also debuted and peaked on the Canadian Hot 100 at number #74.","psg_id":"17436928"},{"title":"National Geographic Society","text":"the first National Geographic Society president. The Hubbard Medal has been presented 44 times , the most recent award going to Peter H. Raven. The National Geographic Society also awards, rarely, the Alexander Graham Bell Medal, for exceptional contributions to geographic research. The award is named after Alexander Graham Bell, scientist, inventor and the second president of the NGS. Up to mid-2011, the medal has been twice presented: National Geographic Society The National Geographic Society (NGS), headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, is one of the largest non-profit scientific and educational organizations in the world. Founded in 1888, its interests","psg_id":"292462"},{"title":"Open City (magazine)","text":"Open City (magazine) Open City Magazine and Books was a New York City-based magazine and book publisher that featured many first-time writers alongside those who are well known. The editors were Thomas Beller and Joanna Yas. Thomas Beller and Daniel Pinchbeck founded the magazine in 1991, and were soon joined by Robert Bingham, who in 1999 founded the book series. It was published by a nonprofit organization, Open City, Inc. \"Open City Magazine\" was produced three times per year. Open City Books released two to four books per year. Their first book was a collection of poetry by David Berman.","psg_id":"8806982"},{"title":"National Geographic","text":"has been overseen by its own \"editor-in-chief\". During the Cold War, the magazine committed itself to presenting a balanced view of the physical and human geography of nations beyond the Iron Curtain. The magazine printed articles on Berlin, de-occupied Austria, the Soviet Union, and Communist China that deliberately downplayed politics to focus on culture. In its coverage of the Space Race, \"National Geographic\" focused on the scientific achievement while largely avoiding reference to the race's connection to nuclear arms buildup. There were also many articles in the 1930s, 40s and 50s about the individual states and their resources, along with","psg_id":"1758193"},{"title":"Resource Magazine","text":"Resource Magazine Resource Magazine is a New York-based quarterly publication, dedicated to the photo production industry's sub-culture. \"Resource\" was founded by Alexandra Niki and Aurelie Jezequel. Since publishing its first issue in October 2007, \"Resource\" has grown to a circulation of 22,000 copies, many of which are available for free in photo studios, labs, and prop and rental houses in New York City, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, and Miami. \"Resource\" is also available on newsstands in the United States and Canada. RETV is \"Resource\"'s online video magazine counterpart. RETV provides additional coverage based on the magazine's print content, as","psg_id":"15503208"},{"title":"What If (story)","text":"What If (story) \"What If—\" is a fantasy short story by Isaac Asimov that was first published in the Summer 1952 issue of \"Fantastic\" and reprinted in the 1969 collection \"Nightfall and Other Stories\". The story was inspired by the author's wife, who challenged him to produce a story based on a train trip they were taking to New York. A married couple is traveling on a train from Boston to New York City. They meet a mysterious silent man known only as Mister If, who shows them a small portable television-like device about in size. (Mr. If's first name","psg_id":"9271249"},{"title":"AIDS photo diary, 1986–1990","text":"in the \"100 Objects Exhibition\" at the State Library of New South Wales in 2010. AIDS photo diary, 1986–1990 AIDS photo diary, 1986–1990 is an art work that comprises a photo diary that records the decline in health and eventual death of David Tosh, from AIDS from 1986 to 1990 in Sydney, Australia. The diary – with accompanying photographs taken by John Jenner – was created by Jenner to remember his friend and honour the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS. Some of the images were featured in an article in \"Sydney Morning Herald\"s \"Good Weekend\" magazine, 13 October 1990,","psg_id":"17229869"},{"title":"AIDS photo diary, 1986–1990","text":"AIDS photo diary, 1986–1990 AIDS photo diary, 1986–1990 is an art work that comprises a photo diary that records the decline in health and eventual death of David Tosh, from AIDS from 1986 to 1990 in Sydney, Australia. The diary – with accompanying photographs taken by John Jenner – was created by Jenner to remember his friend and honour the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS. Some of the images were featured in an article in \"Sydney Morning Herald\"s \"Good Weekend\" magazine, 13 October 1990, pp. 20–29. The work includes photographs by John Jenner from 1986 to 1990, together with","psg_id":"17229867"},{"title":"National Geographic Orion","text":"the sailor's emergency radio beacon and effected the rescue with just an hour of sunlight left. On 5 March 2013 it was announced that Orion Expeditions had been acquired by US-based small-ship operator Lindblad Expeditions, which owns five ships and charters a further five and operates cruises to a variety of destinations. CFMF holds a 60 percent interest in Lindblad Expeditions. The MV \"Orion\" was renamed \"National Geographic Orion\" in March 2014, and joined fleet-owned \"National Geographic Endeavour\", \"MS National Geographic Explorer\", \"National Geographic Islander\", \"National Geographic Sea Bird\" and \"National Geographic Sea Lion\", along with their chartered vessels \"Delfin","psg_id":"8625255"},{"title":"What If? (magazine)","text":"What If? (magazine) What If? Magazine (sometimes known as WI) was a Canadian magazine, that covered music, art, literature, film, writing and popular culture. Unlike celebrity-focused publications, \"WI\"'s primary concentration was on Canadian up-and-coming artists with a heavy focus on youth (teen and tween) and young adult audiences. The publication was notable for their heavy encouragement and publishing of reader-created material. The magazine features reader-made artwork on the cover, from paintings to drawings to photography. It published 4 issues each year (usually in March, June, September, and December) that are available on newsstands for approximately two months. The article that","psg_id":"14867974"},{"title":"National Geographic (Greece)","text":"National Geographic (Greece) National Geographic is a subscription television network, launched in Greece in 2001 by the Fox International Channels. The channel features documentaries with factual content involving nature, science, culture, and history. Shows can be watched in English with Greek subtitles. For the first 12 years the channel was available only to the subscribers of NOVA Greece satellite bouquet. During the 2000s, foreign versions used to be available (Dutch & Romanian), but as from September 2011, the channel has been fully relaunched in Greek. National Geographic Music was a subscription television network which broadcast documentaries concerning 'the meeting between","psg_id":"15196771"},{"title":"National Geographic World Championship","text":"National Geographic World Championship The National Geographic World Championship (previously called the International Geography Olympiad, which is now the title of another similar competition for older schoolchildren) is a biennial, two-day-long international geography competition typically held in late July or early August. The Championship was first held in 1993, and is sponsored by the National Geographic Society. Teams of three students plus one alternate are selected from among those who finished highest in their respective countries' national competitions (e.g. the National Geographic Bee in the U.S.A., the Olimpíada Geográfica Argentina in Argentina or the Australian Geography Competition in Australia). On","psg_id":"5376299"},{"title":"National Geographic Endeavour","text":"assisted by the Argentine Navy ocean fleet tug ARA \"Alferez Sobral\" and reached Ushuaia three days later. When \"National Geographic Endeavour\" was retired, the piano was donated to the Tomas de Berlanga school in Santa Cruz, Galapagos. The bridge ceiling, notched with polar bear sightings from her time in ]]Svalbard]], is with Sven Lindblad. The model, valuable art and other mementos were saved, some items were transferred to National Geographic Endeavour II. \"National Geographic Endeavour\" was scrapped on 6 May 2017. National Geographic Endeavour MS \"National Geographic Endeavour\" was a small expedition ship operated by Lindblad Expeditions for cruising in","psg_id":"3795877"},{"title":"Walkabout (magazine)","text":"Walkabout (magazine) Walkabout was an Australian illustrated magazine published from 1934 to 1974 combining cultural, geographic, and scientific content with travel literature. Initially a travel magazine, in its forty-year run it featured a popular mix of articles by travellers, officials, residents, journalists, naturalists, anthropologists and novelists, illustrated by Australian photojournalists. Its title derived from the supposed ‘racial characteristic of the Australian aboriginal who is always on the move\". Ostensibly and initially a travel and geographic magazine published by the Australian National Travel Association (formed in 1929), \"Walkabout : Australia and the South Seas\" was named by ANTA director Charles Holmes.","psg_id":"10069750"},{"title":"Icelandic Geographic","text":"Cahill (travel writer and first editor of Outside Magazine), Annie Griffiths Belt (National Geographic photographer), Dan Hayes (editor of CNN Traveller), Rudy Maxa (host and co-executive producer of \"Smart Travels\"), Peter Menzel (photojournalist), Tim Moore (writer), Maureen and Tony Wheeler (founders of Lonely Planet), Thora Arnorsdottir (journalist), Ragnar Axelsson (photographer), Ari Trausti Guðmundsson (geophysicist and mountaineer), Unnur Jokulsdóttir (writer and world-navigator), Joseph Kultgen (co-founder of TrekShare.com), David Leffman (photographer and travel writer), and Soren Sattrup (Editor-in-chief of the Danish Politiken guidebooks). Icelandic Geographic Icelandic Geographic was a magazine about the nature and people of Iceland, founded by Thordis Hadda Yngvadottir","psg_id":"6261302"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic\",\n \"text\": \"tablet edition for its multimedia presentation of Robert Draper's story \\\"The Last Chase,\\\" about the final days of a tornado researcher who was killed in the line of duty. In February 2017, National Geographic received the National Magazine Award (\\\"Ellie\\\") for best website. On the magazine's February 1982 cover, the pyramids of Giza were altered, resulting in the first major scandal of the digital photography age and contributing to photography's \\\"waning credibility\\\". The cover of the October 1988 issue featured a photo of a large ivory male portrait whose authenticity, particularly the alleged Ice Age provenance, has been questioned. In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1758204\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Adventure (magazine)\",\n \"text\": \"National Geographic Adventure (magazine) National Geographic Adventure was a magazine started in 1999 by the National Geographic Society in the United States. The first issue was published in Spring 1999. Regular publication of the magazine ended in December 2009, and the name was reused for a biannual newsstand publication. The last issue was December 2009/January 2010. The magazine covered adventure travel, environmental issues, natural science, and other topics related to the outdoors. It focused on adventure travel and included: Annually, a slate of adventurers were named \\\"National Geographic Adventure\\\" Adventurer of the Year\\\", in a variety of categories. For example,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10371502\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Adventure (magazine)\",\n \"text\": \"the December 2008/January 2009 issue named \\\"Fourteen people who dreamed big, pushed their limits, and made our year\\\". One, Pemba Gyalje Sherpa, was named for \\\"extreme heroism under trying extreme circumstances\\\" for repeatedly risking his life to successfully rescue several mountaineers stranded on the mountain, during the 2008 K2 disaster. John Rasmus served as the editor-in-chief of the magazine from its inception to its closure. Sam Serebin and Tom Bentkowski were the design team responsible for the initial prototype and first six issues of the magazine. National Geographic Adventure (magazine) National Geographic Adventure was a magazine started in 1999 by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10371503\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic\",\n \"text\": \"with National Geographic maps. A National Geographic map of Europe is featured in the displays of the Winston Churchill museum in London showing Churchill's markings at the Yalta Conference where the Allied leaders divided post-war Europe. In 2001, \\\"National Geographic\\\" released an eight-CD-ROM set containing all its maps from 1888 to December 2000. Printed versions are also available from the National Geographic website. In 1995, \\\"National Geographic\\\" began publishing in Japanese, its first local language edition. The magazine is currently published in 37 local editions around the world. The following local-language editions have been discontinued: In association with Trends Publications\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1758200\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic\",\n \"text\": \"40 million people each month. Starting with its January 1905 publication of several full-page pictures of Tibet in 1900–1901, the magazine changed from being a text-oriented publication closer to a scientific journal to featuring extensive pictorial content, and became well known for this style. The June 1985 cover portrait of the presumed to be 12-year-old Afghan girl Sharbat Gula, shot by photographer Steve McCurry, became one of the magazine's most recognizable images. \\\"National Geographic Kids\\\", the children's version of the magazine, was launched in 1975 under the name \\\"National Geographic World\\\". From the 1970s through about 2010 the magazine was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1758190\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic\",\n \"text\": \"National Geographic Partners, overseeing the print and digital expression of National Geographic’s editorial content across its media platforms. She is responsible for news, books (with the exception of National Geographic Kids books), \\\"National Geographic Traveler\\\" magazine, \\\"National Geographic History\\\" magazine, maps, and all digital content with the exception of \\\"National Geographic Kids\\\". Goldberg reports to Gary Knell, CEO of National Geographic Partners. The first issue of \\\"National Geographic Magazine\\\" was published on September 22, 1888, nine months after the Society was founded. It was initially a scholarly journal sent to 165 charter members and nowadays it reaches the hands of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1758189\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Kids\",\n \"text\": \"future. National Geographic Kids National Geographic Kids is a children's magazine published by the National Geographic Society. Its first issue was printed in September 1975 under the original title National Geographic World (which itself replaced the much older \\\"National Geographic School Bulletin\\\", published weekly during the school year from 1919 to 1975; currently National Geographic produces a separate magazine for classroom use called \\\"National Geographic Explorer,\\\" in four separate editions for different grades). The magazine was published for twenty-six years as \\\"National Geographic World\\\", until the title of the magazine was changed in 2002 to \\\"National Geographic Kids\\\". In a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5128989\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Kids\",\n \"text\": \"National Geographic Kids National Geographic Kids is a children's magazine published by the National Geographic Society. Its first issue was printed in September 1975 under the original title National Geographic World (which itself replaced the much older \\\"National Geographic School Bulletin\\\", published weekly during the school year from 1919 to 1975; currently National Geographic produces a separate magazine for classroom use called \\\"National Geographic Explorer,\\\" in four separate editions for different grades). The magazine was published for twenty-six years as \\\"National Geographic World\\\", until the title of the magazine was changed in 2002 to \\\"National Geographic Kids\\\". In a broad\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5128985\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic\",\n \"text\": \"1999, the magazine was embroiled in the \\\"Archaeoraptor\\\" scandal, in which it purported to have a fossil linking birds to dinosaurs. The fossil was a forgery. In 2010, the magazine's Your Shot competition was awarded to William Lascelles for photography featuring a dog with fighter jets over its shoulder. The picture turned out to be a fraud. In March 2018, the editor of National Geographic, Susan Goldberg said that historically the magazine's coverage of people around the world had been racist. Goldberg argued that the magazine ignored non-white Americans and showed different groups as exotic, thereby promoting racial clichés. National\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1758205\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic\",\n \"text\": \"National Geographic National Geographic (formerly the National Geographic Magazine and branded also as NAT GEO) is the official magazine of the National Geographic Society. It has been published continuously since its first issue in 1888, nine months after the Society itself was founded. It primarily contains articles about science, geography, history, and world culture. The magazine is known for its thick square-bound glossy format with a yellow rectangular border and its extensive use of dramatic photographs. Controlling interest in the magazine has been held by 21st Century Fox since 2015. The magazine is published monthly, and additional map supplements are\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1758187\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"C International Photo Magazine\",\n \"text\": \"International Photo Magazine ultimately intends to create an encyclopaedia of photography, one that can be used as a source of reference for years to come. C International Photo Magazine C International Photo Magazine covers contemporary photography in a range of cultural, geographic and themes. It was created by Elena Ochoa Foster, founder of Ivorypress and is published twice yearly. It comes in two different editions, English/Chinese and Spanish/Japanese and is designed by Oscar Mariné creator of Pedro Almodóvar's movie posters. With a hardback cover and 300 pages, \\\"C International\\\" resembles a book more than a magazine. The magazine emphasizes design\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12808457\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Traveler\",\n \"text\": \"National Geographic Traveler National Geographic Traveler is a magazine published by the National Geographic Society in the United States. It was launched in 1984. Local-language editions of \\\"National Geographic Traveler\\\" are published in Armenia, Belgium/the Netherlands, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Indonesia, Latin America, Israel, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia and Spain. A UK edition launched in December 2010. \\\"National Geographic Traveler\\\"s main competitors are \\\"Condé Nast Traveler\\\" and \\\"Travel + Leisure\\\". Keith Bellows was the editor-in-chief until October 2014. Executive editor Norie Quintos was named acting editor-in-chief before Maggie Zackowitz was appointed editor-in-chief in May 2015. Longtime contributor George Stone was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9863567\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Traveler\",\n \"text\": \"named editor-in-chief on January 27, 2016. Other contributors include Christopher Elliott, Deena Guzder, Carl Hoffman, Boyd Matson, and Andrew McCarthy. National Geographic Traveler National Geographic Traveler is a magazine published by the National Geographic Society in the United States. It was launched in 1984. Local-language editions of \\\"National Geographic Traveler\\\" are published in Armenia, Belgium/the Netherlands, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Indonesia, Latin America, Israel, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia and Spain. A UK edition launched in December 2010. \\\"National Geographic Traveler\\\"s main competitors are \\\"Condé Nast Traveler\\\" and \\\"Travel + Leisure\\\". Keith Bellows was the editor-in-chief until October 2014. Executive editor\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9863568\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"C International Photo Magazine\",\n \"text\": \"C International Photo Magazine C International Photo Magazine covers contemporary photography in a range of cultural, geographic and themes. It was created by Elena Ochoa Foster, founder of Ivorypress and is published twice yearly. It comes in two different editions, English/Chinese and Spanish/Japanese and is designed by Oscar Mariné creator of Pedro Almodóvar's movie posters. With a hardback cover and 300 pages, \\\"C International\\\" resembles a book more than a magazine. The magazine emphasizes design and aims to replicate the white walls and neutral background of an art gallery, with no interfering text in its central pages. Its creator said\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12808451\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic\",\n \"text\": \"work by John Stanmeyer on malaria in the Third World; and a prestigious award for general excellence. Between 1980 and 2011 the magazine has won a total of 24 National Magazine Awards. In May 2006, 2007, and 2011 \\\"National Geographic\\\" magazine won the American Society of Magazine Editors' General Excellence Award in the over two million circulation category. In 2010, National Geographic Magazine received the top ASME awards for photojournalism and essay. In 2011, National Geographic Magazine received the top-award from ASME—the Magazine of the Year Award. In April 2014, \\\"National Geographic\\\" received the National Magazine Award (\\\"Ellie\\\") for best\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1758203\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic\",\n \"text\": \"archive and digital edition of the magazine are available online to the magazine's subscribers. On September 9, 2015, the National Geographic Society announced a deal with 21st Century Fox that would move the magazine to a new partnership, National Geographic Partners, in which 21st Century Fox would hold a 73 percent controlling interest. In December 2017, Disney announced that it would acquire 21st Century Fox, including the latter's interest in National Geographic Partners. The magazine had a single \\\"editor\\\" from 1888–1920. From 1920–1967, the chief editorship was held by the president of the National Geographic Society. Since 1967, the magazine\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1758192\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic\",\n \"text\": \"theme. In recent decades, the National Geographic Society has unveiled other magazines with different focuses. Whereas in the past, the magazine featured lengthy expositions, recent issues have shorter articles. In addition to being well known for articles about scenery, history, and the most distant corners of the world, the magazine has been recognized for its book-like quality and its standard of photography. It was during the tenure of Society President Alexander Graham Bell and editor Gilbert H. Grosvenor (GHG) that the significance of illustration was first emphasized, in spite of criticism from some of the Board of Managers who considered\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1758195\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic\",\n \"text\": \"which National Geographic is world-renowned. Supplementing the articles, the magazine sometimes provides maps of the regions visited. National Geographic Maps (originally the Cartographic Division) became a division of the National Geographic Society in 1915. The first supplement map, which appeared in the May 1918 issue of the magazine, titled \\\"The Western Theatre of War\\\", served as a reference for overseas military personnel and soldiers' families alike. On some occasions, the Society's map archives have been used by the United States government in instances where its own cartographic resources were limited. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's White House map room was filled\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1758199\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Story (magazine)\",\n \"text\": \"they would relaunch the magazine someday. With a circulation of 40,000, \\\"Story\\\" was a five-time finalist and two-time winner of the National Magazine Award for fiction. The Rosenthals featured such established authors as Andrea Barrett, Barry Lopez, Joyce Carol Oates, and Carol Shields while also introducing new authors such as Junot Díaz, Elizabeth Graver, and Abraham Rodriguez. The magazine was published by F&W Publications in Cincinnati. With the sale of F&W forthcoming, the Rosenthals brought \\\"Story\\\" to an end with the Winter 2000 issue. Story (magazine) Story was a magazine founded in 1931 by journalist-editor Whit Burnett and his first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10980592\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Greenberg v. National Geographic\",\n \"text\": \"or a restricted website for subscribers. As a result of this ruling National Geographic announced it is releasing the full 120-year version of its magazine at the end of October 2009. Greenberg v. National Geographic Greenberg v. National Geographic was a copyright lawsuit regarding image use and republication rights of National Geographic Society to their magazine in electronic form. After the National Geographic released a digital archive containing every monthly issue of \\\"National Geographic magazine\\\" in 1997, photographer Jerry Greenberg took the Society to court over the reproduction of photographs that National Geographic had licensed from him. National Geographic withdrew\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12239239\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Kids\",\n \"text\": \"Africa (two editions), Turkey and the United Kingdom. The magazine is written for children between the ages of six and fourteen. It has an advisory board of 500 subscribers and solicits reader feedback after each issue. The magazine recently launched a spin-off, National Geographic Little Kids, targeted toward children under kindergarten age. In 2009 the magazine launched their first almanac called National Geographic Kids Almanac 2010. In 2010 the almanac continued with an updated book, National Geographic Kids Almanac 2011. There have been new updates to the almanac issued annually since then. These are some of the regular features, most\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5128987\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Greenberg v. National Geographic\",\n \"text\": \"Greenberg v. National Geographic Greenberg v. National Geographic was a copyright lawsuit regarding image use and republication rights of National Geographic Society to their magazine in electronic form. After the National Geographic released a digital archive containing every monthly issue of \\\"National Geographic magazine\\\" in 1997, photographer Jerry Greenberg took the Society to court over the reproduction of photographs that National Geographic had licensed from him. National Geographic withdrew this archive from the market in 2004 until after litigation was finished. The archive, called \\\"The Complete \\\"National Geographic\\\" on CD-ROM and DVD\\\", contained image duplicates of the print magazines. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12239235\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic\",\n \"text\": \"name \\\"Gita Nama\\\". Worldwide editions are sold on newsstands in addition to regular subscriptions. In several countries, such as Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Turkey and Ukraine \\\"National Geographic\\\" paved the way for a subscription model in addition to traditional newsstand sales.In the United States, newsstand sales began in 1998; previously, membership in the National Geographic Society was the only way to receive the magazine, On May 1, 2008, \\\"National Geographic\\\" won three National Magazine Awards—an award solely for its written content—in the reporting category for an article by Peter Hessler on the Chinese economy; an award in the photojournalism category for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1758202\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Society\",\n \"text\": \"magazines. The chairman of the National Geographic Society is Jean Case. Michael Ulica is interim president and chief executive. The editor-in-chief of National Geographic magazine is Susan Goldberg. Gilbert Melville Grosvenor, a former chairman, received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2005 for his leadership in geography education. In 2004, the National Geographic Society headquarters in Washington, D.C., was one of the first buildings to receive a \\\"Green\\\" certification from Global Green USA. The National Geographic received the prestigious Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities in October 2006 in Oviedo, Spain. In 2013 the society was investigated for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"292449\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Society\",\n \"text\": \"Disney Company announced it will buy the majority of 21st Century Fox. Disney would assume the controlling interest in the National Geographic partnership. There were 33 original founders in 1888. Although Alexander Graham Bell is sometimes discussed as a founder, he was actually the second president, elected on January 7, 1898, and serving until 1903. \\\"The National Geographic Magazine\\\", later shortened to \\\"National Geographic\\\", published its first issue in October 1888, nine months after the Society was founded, as the Society's official journal, a benefit for joining the tax-exempt National Geographic Society. Starting with the February 1910 (Vol XXI, No.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"292454\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Photo Bits\",\n \"text\": \"write to him about their fetishes. In early 1912, Derk Fortesque dies and 'Cosmopolite' left the magazine. As a result, the character of the magazine changed. The \\\"Photo Bits\\\" was involved in publishing fetishist literature. The serial story \\\"Peggy Paget's Patent Paralyzing Pedal Props\\\" was published in the magazine in 1910. The magazine also featured 18-inch high-heel fetish shoes. Photo Bits Photo Bits was a British softcore pornography weekly magazine published from 9 July 1898 until 9 December 1914. It was mentioned in James Joyce's Ulysses. The magazine was long targeted by hostile forces concerned about social \\\"purity\\\". The editor\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14548566\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Kids\",\n \"text\": \"sense, the publication is a version of \\\"National Geographic\\\", the flagship magazine of the National Geographic Society, that is intended for children. \\\"National Geographic Kids\\\" publishes ten issues annually. The headquarters of the magazine is in Washington, D.C. As of June, 2006, the magazine reports a circulation of more than 1.3 million in English, with an estimated English language readership of more than 4.6 million. There also are eighteen editions of \\\"National Geographic Kids\\\" in languages other than English, published in Bulgaria, Croatia, Egypt, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Latin America, Lithuania, Belgium/Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, South\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5128986\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic\",\n \"text\": \"printed in Corinth, Mississippi, by private printers until that plant was finally closed. In the late 1990s, the magazine began publishing \\\"The Complete National Geographic\\\", a digital compilation of all the past issues of the magazine. It was then sued over copyright of the magazine as a collective work in \\\"Greenberg v. National Geographic\\\" and other cases, and temporarily withdrew the availability of the compilation. The magazine eventually prevailed in the dispute, and in July 2009 it resumed publishing a compilation containing all issues through December 2008. The compilation was later updated to make more recent issues available, and the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1758191\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Photo Story\",\n \"text\": \"application (e.g. PaintShop Pro, PhotoShop) first. Photo Story is not officially supported on the Vista or Windows 7 platform, although it downloads and installs fine on both Vista and Windows 7 32-bit and 64-bit. Photo Story Microsoft Photo Story is a free application that allows users to create a visual story (show and tell presentation) from their digital photos. The software uses the Ken Burns Effect on digital photos and allows adding narration, effects, transitions and background music to create a Windows Media Video movie file with pan and zoom effects. Once a photo story has been made, it can\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4983913\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Photo (French magazine)\",\n \"text\": \"graphic images, and its annual amateur photography contest. It was sold by Hachette Filipacchi in 2011. An American edition was published under the name Photo World from 1973 to 1978. Photo (French magazine) Photo is a French magazine about photography previously published by Hachette Filipacchi Médias, and currently owned by EPMA. \\\"Photo\\\" was started by Hachette Filipacchi Médias as a monthly magazine in 1960. It was modeled on the magazine \\\"American Photo\\\". The magazine is now published ten times a year. It concentrates on the artistic aspects of photography, rather than technical aspects. The editorial line is tripartite: fashion/nude/glamour, historical\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5713043\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Society\",\n \"text\": \"for the staff reductions as part of the \\\"... process of reorganizing in order to move forward strategically following the closing the National Geographic Partners deal, which is expected to occur in mid-November.\\\" Additional specifics were provided to Photo District News by M. J. Jacobsen, National Geographic's SVP of communications, similar to the contents of a formal announcement by the two companies. \\\"The National Geographic Society and the National Geographic Channels are in the process of reorganizing in order to move forward strategically following the closing of the NG Partners deal (with Fox), which is expected to occur in mid-November,\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"292452\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic\",\n \"text\": \"also included with subscriptions. It is available in a traditional printed edition and through an interactive online edition. On occasion, special editions of the magazine are issued. As of 2015, the magazine was circulated worldwide in nearly 40 local-language editions and had a global circulation of approximately 6.5 million per month according to data published by \\\"The Washington Post\\\" (down from about 12 million in the late 1980s) or 6.7 million according to National Geographic. This includes a US circulation of 3.5 million. The current Editor-in-Chief of the \\\"National Geographic Magazine\\\" is Susan Goldberg. Goldberg is also Editorial Director for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1758188\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Recurring features in Mad (magazine)\",\n \"text\": \"dubbed it the \\\"Mad poiuyt\\\" after the six rightmost letter keys on a QWERTY keyboard in reverse order, not realizing that the existing image was already known to engineers and usually called a blivet. \\\"Mad\\\" cartoonists have regularly drawn themselves, fellow contributors and editors, and family members into the articles, most famously Dave Berg's self-caricature \\\"Roger Kaputnik\\\". Al Jaffee sometimes incorporates a self-caricature into his signature. The magazine's photo spreads have typically featured \\\"Mad\\\"'s own staff. Originally, the magazine tried hiring models for its photo shoots, but found that many were unwilling to make the exaggerated faces the magazine wanted.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12789798\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic (Canada)\",\n \"text\": \"was simply renamed to just National Geographic. National Geographic (Canada) National Geographic (formerly National Geographic Channel) is a Canadian English language Category B specialty channel owned by Corus Entertainment and National Geographic Channel (U.S.). It features documentary and human interest programming that explores the natural world. The service, like its international counterparts, is based on \\\"National Geographic Magazine\\\". Programming includes specials and theme weeks such as 'Pharaoh's Week' and 'Shark Week'. The programs broadcast revolve around the following topics: wildlife, history, science and technology, people and culture, and travel and adventure. In November 2000, Alliance Atlantis (on behalf of a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6804456\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Farsi\",\n \"text\": \"National Geographic Farsi National Geographic Farsi is a free-to-air documentary channel that started broadcasting on October 15, 2011 and was shut down on May 1, 2013, and relaunched on September 1, 2017. It is the official Persian language edition of the National Geographic Channel. The channel broadcast via Eutelsat W3A. Whilst the channel was aimed to be broadcast for a Persian-speaking audience in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan, the channel's broadcast was actually based in Dubai, U.A.E.. It was co-owned by the National Geographic Society/Fox Networks Group. During the channel's shutdown, the Persian edition of the \\\"National Geographic\\\" magazine, which launched\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16239241\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape\",\n \"text\": \"the work retains a rather more rigorous structure than other Fauve landscapes of the period. It's arcadian subject and a mosaic-like application of paint give a uniquely individual flavour to what Metzinger termed his 'chromatic poetry'. Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape Baigneuses: Deux nus dans un paysage exotique (also called \\\"Bathers: Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape\\\" and \\\"Bañistas: dos desnudos en un paisaje exótico\\\") is an oil painting created circa 1905-06 by the French artist and theorist Jean Metzinger (1883–1956). \\\"Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape\\\" is a Proto-Cubist work executed in a highly personal Divisionist style during\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17310781\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic (Canada)\",\n \"text\": \"National Geographic (Canada) National Geographic (formerly National Geographic Channel) is a Canadian English language Category B specialty channel owned by Corus Entertainment and National Geographic Channel (U.S.). It features documentary and human interest programming that explores the natural world. The service, like its international counterparts, is based on \\\"National Geographic Magazine\\\". Programming includes specials and theme weeks such as 'Pharaoh's Week' and 'Shark Week'. The programs broadcast revolve around the following topics: wildlife, history, science and technology, people and culture, and travel and adventure. In November 2000, Alliance Atlantis (on behalf of a corporation to be incorporated) was granted approval\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6804453\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic (U.S. TV channel)\",\n \"text\": \"in more than 160 million homes and in 25 languages. Being the first country in Latin America to receive the channel, broadcasts from Brazil started substituting the independent channel Superstation channel on November 1, 2000 released by FOX Latin American Channels. According to people connected to the channel, it was first launched in the country due to the sales success of the magazine \\\"National Geographic\\\". In the United States, the National Geographic Channel, launched on January 12, 2001, is a joint venture of National Geographic Television & Film and Fox Cable Networks. National Geographic provides programming expertise and the Fox\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3645951\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"National Geographic\\\", convinced the magazine to allow its photographers to use the so-called \\\"miniature\\\" 35 mm Leica cameras loaded with Kodachrome film over bulkier cameras with heavy glass plates that required the use of tripods. In 1959, the magazine started publishing small photographs on its covers, later becoming larger photographs. National Geographic photography quickly shifted to digital photography for both its printed magazine and its website. In subsequent years, the cover, while keeping its yellow border, shed its oak leaf trim and bare table of contents, to allow for a full page photograph taken for one of the month's articles.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1758197\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Photo (French magazine)\",\n \"text\": \"Photo (French magazine) Photo is a French magazine about photography previously published by Hachette Filipacchi Médias, and currently owned by EPMA. \\\"Photo\\\" was started by Hachette Filipacchi Médias as a monthly magazine in 1960. It was modeled on the magazine \\\"American Photo\\\". The magazine is now published ten times a year. It concentrates on the artistic aspects of photography, rather than technical aspects. The editorial line is tripartite: fashion/nude/glamour, historical images of wars/guillotines/poverty or similar, and selected journalism news photos from around the world. It is read and distributed around the world, and is known featuring naked models, colorful saturated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5713042\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Explorer\",\n \"text\": \"National Geographic Explorer National Geographic Explorer (or simply Explorer) is an American documentary television series that originally premiered on Nickelodeon on April 7, 1985, after having been produced as a less costly and intensive alternative to PBS's \\\"National Geographic Specials\\\" by Pittsburgh station WQED. The first episode (\\\"Herculaneum: Voices from the Past\\\") was produced by WQED and featured long-time \\\"Explorer\\\" camerman Mark Knobil, who is the few staff members with the franchise during all 24 seasons. The program is the longest-running documentary television series on cable television. Presented every Sunday from 5:00 pm to 8:00 pm, the original series was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10162723\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Society\",\n \"text\": \"a constitution and a plan of organization, the National Geographic Society was incorporated two weeks later on January 27. Gardiner Greene Hubbard became its first president and his son-in-law, Alexander Graham Bell, succeeded him in 1897. In 1899, Bell's son-in-law Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor was named the first full-time editor of National Geographic magazine and served the organization for fifty-five years (until 1954), and members of the Grosvenor family have played important roles in the organization since. Bell and Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor devised the successful marketing notion of Society membership and the first major use of photographs to tell stories in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"292448\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Photo Story\",\n \"text\": \"fly from a combination of themes and also includes basic photo editing and touchup features. The last version of Photo Story (3.1) was included with the discontinued Microsoft Digital Image 2006. It restored the ability to burn a Video CD using the Sonic Burning engine. To burn CDs or DVDs from files generated by version 3.0, users may purchase Sonic MyDVD DVD burning software or the Sonic DVD for Photo Story 3 for Windows plug in (which burns one DVD per Story). Third party tools, such as Media Coder, often do a very poor (low quality) job of converting Photo\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4983907\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Photo manipulation\",\n \"text\": \"applied to image manipulation. During a panel on the topic of ethics in image manipulation Aude Oliva theorized that categorical shifts are necessary in order for an edited image to be viewed as a manipulation. In \\\"Image Act Theory\\\", Carson Reynolds extended speech act theory by applying it to photo editing and image manipulations. In \\\"How to Do Things with Pictures\\\", William J. Mitchell details the long history of photo manipulation and discusses it critically. A notable incident of controversial photo manipulation occurred over a photograph that was altered to fit the vertical orientation of a 1982 \\\"National Geographic\\\" magazine\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930191\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic\",\n \"text\": \"in Beijing and IDG Asia, \\\"National Geographic\\\" has been authorized for \\\"copyright cooperation\\\" in China to publish the yellow border magazine, which launched with the July 2007 issue of the magazine with an event in Beijing on July 10, 2007 and another event on December 6, 2007 in Beijing also celebrating the 29th anniversary of normalization of U.S.–China relations featuring former President Jimmy Carter. The mainland China version is one of the two local-language editions that bump the \\\"National Geographic\\\" logo off its header in favor of a local-language logo; the other one is the Persian version published under the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1758201\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"September 11 Photo Project\",\n \"text\": \"research, prevention, education, and the proper treatment of burns. Over twenty thousand dollars were raised on behalf of the Foundation through both direct and indirect efforts. The September 11 Photo Project was featured in numerous publications, such as The Washington Post, The Times, The Sacramento Bee, Chicago Tribune, The New York Daily News, San Antonio Express-News, The Villager, The Tribeca Trib, The Daily Journal, Chicago Sun-Times, The Star-Ledger and in the following publications as part of their coverage of the September 11 attacks and their aftermath: The New York Times and National Geographic (magazine). Other publications that covered the September\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17033655\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Society\",\n \"text\": \"2) issue, the magazine began using its now famous trademarked yellow border around the edge of its covers. There are 12 monthly issues of \\\"National Geographic\\\" per year. The magazine contains articles about geography, popular science, world history, culture, current events and photography of places and things all over the world and universe. \\\"National Geographic\\\" magazine is currently published in 40 local-language editions in many countries around the world. Combined English and other language circulation is around 6.8 million monthly, with some 60 million readers. In addition to its flagship magazine, the Society publishes several other periodicals: The Society also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"292455\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Image Collection\",\n \"text\": \"million file selects, and 300,000 staff rolls (9 million images). At any given time there are also 50-60,000 non-staff rolls (2 million images) in transit among Film Review, the Image Collection, and return to photographers. Images become part of the collection if they are Selected images are available online through their e-commerce site: www.nationalgeographicstock.com On September 17, 2009 the National Geographic Image Collection opened its first exhibition of vintage National Geographic images at the Steven Kasher Gallery in Chelsea, New York. 150 vintage prints, many of which were never published in National Geographic Magazine, from a dozen photographers, were on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11439370\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Photo Story\",\n \"text\": \"create a DVD or CD will need to use third-party tools to convert into DVD compatible (e.g. MPEG 2) format first. Version 2 was included in Microsoft Plus! Digital Media Edition and Microsoft Digital Image Suite versions 9 and 10. It supported exporting the photo story as a Video CD. Version 3.0, although still a free download from Microsoft, removed direct Video CD burning, but supported a paid-for add-on from Sonic Solutions for exporting and burning the photo story to DVD. The final free download version (3.0) includes the ability to randomly generate background music which is composed on the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4983906\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Society\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Geographic\\\" series in the U.S. started on CBS in 1964, moved to ABC in 1973, shifted to PBS (produced by WQED, Pittsburgh) in 1975, shifted to NBC in 1995, and returned to PBS in 2000. National Geographic Channel, launched in January 2001, is a joint venture of National Geographic and Fox Cable Networks. It has featured stories on numerous scientific figures such as Jacques Cousteau, Jane Goodall, and Louis Leakey that not only featured their work but as well helped make them world-famous and accessible to millions. Most of the specials were narrated by various actors, including Glenn Close, Linda\",\n \"psg_id\": \"292457\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Icelandic Geographic\",\n \"text\": \"Icelandic Geographic Icelandic Geographic was a magazine about the nature and people of Iceland, founded by Thordis Hadda Yngvadottir and Ketill Sigurjonsson. The magazine was published between 2002 and 2005. The first issue of \\\"Icelandic Geographic\\\" was published in August 2002. The magazine was part of Polar Publishing. It organized and hosted the \\\"coolest\\\" Travel Summit on the Planet; an international literary and photographic travel-event, held in Reykjavík in 2005. The speakers and panelists at the Travel Summit were: Faith D'Aluisio (author and television news producer), Keith Bellows (Editor-in-chief of National Geographic Traveler and Vice President of National Geographic), Tim\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6261301\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Photo Bits\",\n \"text\": \"Photo Bits Photo Bits was a British softcore pornography weekly magazine published from 9 July 1898 until 9 December 1914. It was mentioned in James Joyce's Ulysses. The magazine was long targeted by hostile forces concerned about social \\\"purity\\\". The editor of the magazine faced arrest and prosecution. The magazine was later renamed \\\"Bits of Fun\\\". \\\"Photo Bits\\\" was completely different from other magazines or papers of that time, and was classified as a \\\"comic\\\" paper in contemporary press directories. It was the United Kingdom's first pin-up magazine. The contents of the magazine generally included one serial story written by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14548564\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blue (tourism magazine)\",\n \"text\": \"cover of its first issue was included in a list of the Top 40 magazine covers of the last 40 years by the American Society of Magazine Editors. The photo that was used had been submitted for an earlier magazine, \\\"Beach Culture\\\". Photographer Gary Fabiano's work for a story on refugee camps in Kosovo, was listed in 1999's \\\"Life\\\" magazine's Best Magazine Photos of the Year special issue, and was a runner-up in the 2000 Alfred Eisenstaedt Awards for Magazine Photography in the category of News (Photo Essay). \\\"Folio: Magazine\\\" awarded \\\"Blue\\\" with first place in the Best Travel Editorial\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6322738\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Encounter\",\n \"text\": \"the Solomon Islands. National Geographic Encounter National Geographic Encounter, also known as National Geographic Encounter: Ocean Odyssey due to its inaugural exhibit, is a Times Square is an exploration of the oceans attraction operated under license from National Geographic. It is located in the former printing area of what once was the \\\"New York Times\\\" Building, leased from the Kushner Companies.. It is operated in partnership with SPE Partners and Times Square Attractions Live. The 60,000 sq. feet space makes use of technology to create a virtual ocean experience. Among the sources for the content are more than one thousand\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20787329\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Encounter\",\n \"text\": \"National Geographic Encounter National Geographic Encounter, also known as National Geographic Encounter: Ocean Odyssey due to its inaugural exhibit, is a Times Square is an exploration of the oceans attraction operated under license from National Geographic. It is located in the former printing area of what once was the \\\"New York Times\\\" Building, leased from the Kushner Companies.. It is operated in partnership with SPE Partners and Times Square Attractions Live. The 60,000 sq. feet space makes use of technology to create a virtual ocean experience. Among the sources for the content are more than one thousand original photographs of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20787328\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"S-F Magazine\",\n \"text\": \"vote annually for best foreign short story, best Japanese short story and best illustrator from their issues in the previous year since 1989. It also held during 1962-1992 and resumed in 2013, a prize for unpublished works to recruit new writers. S-F Magazine \\\"S-F Magazine\\\" was established in 1960. It began publication with the February 1960 issue, which appeared in bookshops in December 1959. The magazine was established by Masami Fukushima. It was also first edited by him. He was the editor for nearly a decade, being succeeded by Masaru Mori in 1969. At first the magazine published translations of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11377831\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So What! (magazine)\",\n \"text\": \"the most noteworthy articles, pictorials, and interviews that the magazine has featured in more than a decade. The book also gave the general public its first non-membership look at the Metallica club and the quarterly release of its fan club magazine. So What! (magazine) So What! is the magazine of The Metallica Club (usually known as Metclub), the official Metallica fan club. The magazine was started in 1993. It comes out four times a year just for club members and has 48 pages with Metallica news, photos and inside information. The title of the magazine came from their cover of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8105432\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Photo Story\",\n \"text\": \"Photo Story Microsoft Photo Story is a free application that allows users to create a visual story (show and tell presentation) from their digital photos. The software uses the Ken Burns Effect on digital photos and allows adding narration, effects, transitions and background music to create a Windows Media Video movie file with pan and zoom effects. Once a photo story has been made, it can be played on a PC using Windows Media Player. Since the .wmv format is used, Windows Media Video Image (a sub-set of Windows Media Video) is incompatible with domestic DVD players, users wishing to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4983905\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Abu Dhabi\",\n \"text\": \"dubbed from English including local productions specifically created for the region including: Mission Everest - The UAE Military Team, Megastructures: Louvre Abu Dhabi, Global Village, & Every Emirati's Son. National Geographic Abu Dhabi is considered as a free alternative to the subscription variants offered and available via OSN and beIN Network's pay TV services. It is co-owned by the National Geographic Society/Fox Networks Group & Abu Dhabi Media Company. The latter is also responsible for launching the Arabic version of the \\\"National Geographic\\\" magazine. National Geographic Abu Dhabi National Geographic Abu Dhabi (Arabic: ناشيونال جيوغرافيك أبوظبي) is a free-to-air documentary\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13537878\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chris McLennan\",\n \"text\": \"photographic equipment. McLennan also hosts photo tours to Alaska, Norway, Africa and New Zealand. In New Zealand McLennan has featured in the NZ Herald national newspaper, Canvas Magazine (cover story), D-Photo Magazine, Southland Times newspaper (cover story), Rodney Times newspaper (cover story) and NorWest News (cover story), as well as live interviews live on TV3's Campbell Live, TV1's Seven Sharp news programs and a featurette on the Natural History channel. He is author of the regular \\\"On Location\\\" column in \\\"D-Photo Magazine\\\", a bi-monthly photographic publication in New Zealand. Internationally McLennan has been interviewed live on Sky Sports Radio in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18199985\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"FTM Magazine\",\n \"text\": \"Magazine was first funded in November 2013. Jason Robert Ballard, ran the company independently for the first three years. The website was then launched in January 2014. The magazine released a photo of model Aydian Dowling recreating the famous Adam Levine photo which was featured in the Cosmopolitan (UK) for testicular and prostate cancer awareness. As a result of this photo's popularity, the magazine launched their clothing line: This Is What Trans Looks Like. Due to some backlash for being a binary exclusive company, the Fall 2017 issue was postponed. It has been reopened with a team as a media\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19741334\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Society\",\n \"text\": \"National Geographic Society The National Geographic Society (NGS), headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, is one of the largest non-profit scientific and educational organizations in the world. Founded in 1888, its interests include geography, archaeology, and natural science, the promotion of environmental and historical conservation, and the study of world culture and history. The National Geographic Society's logo is a yellow portrait frame—rectangular in shape—which appears on the margins surrounding the front covers of its magazines and as its television channel logo. In partnership with 21st Century Fox, the Society operates the magazine, TV channels, a website, worldwide events, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"292444\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Exotic Gothic\",\n \"text\": \"women have assumed more presence on the table of contents, but it is a presence still shy of what one sampling of contemporary American-edited horror anthologies found: \\\"Black Static\\\" staff reviewer Peter Tennant discusses the disparity of women in US and British horror anthologies (not mentioning \\\"Exotic Gothic 3\\\", but writing within ten months of \\\"Exotic Gothic 3\\\"'s release), pointing out that women make up around 32% of the contributors for American-edited horror anthologies he examined, and merely 21% of the contributors for contemporary UK-edited horror anthologies he examined. Reviewer Rich Horton in the March 2010 issue of \\\"Locus (magazine)\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16287084\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ms. (magazine)\",\n \"text\": \"for the Wonder Woman comic book that was to culminate in Wonder Woman protecting an abortion clinic. This story arc was cancelled because of Steinem's intervention - her disapproval of Wonder Woman being out of costume was used as a publicity stunt and excuse to remove Delany from the comic book and cancel the controversial storyline. A 1976 cover story on battered women made \\\"Ms.\\\" the first national magazine to address the issue of domestic violence. The cover photo featured a woman with a bruised face. The \\\"We Had Abortions\\\" petition appears in the October 2006 issue as part of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3295307\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Western Story Magazine\",\n \"text\": \"Western Story Magazine Western Story Magazine was a pulp magazine published by Street & Smith, which ran from 1919 to 1949. It was the first of numerous pulp magazines devoted to Western fiction. In its heyday, \\\"Western Story Magazine\\\" was one of the most successful pulp magazines; in 1921 the magazine was selling over half a million copies each issue. The headquarters was in New York City. \\\"Western Story Magazine\\\" began when Street & Smith executive Henry Ralston decided to convert one of the company's nickel weeklies, \\\"New Buffalo Bill Weekly\\\", into a pulp. Ralston installed Frank Blackwell as editor\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16170019\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic\",\n \"text\": \"Issues of \\\"National Geographic\\\" are often kept by subscribers for years and re-sold at thrift stores as collectibles. The standard for photography has remained high over the subsequent decades and the magazine is still illustrated with some of the highest-quality photojournalism in the world. In 2006, \\\"National Geographic\\\" began an international photography competition , called the with over eighteen countries participating. In conservative Muslim countries like Iran and Malaysia, photographs featuring topless or scantily clad members of primitive tribal societies are often blacked out; buyers and subscribers often complain that this practice decreases the artistic value of the photographs for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1758198\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic (Canada)\",\n \"text\": \"by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to launch a national English-language Category 2 specialty television service called National Geographic Channel. It was described as a service that will \\\"feature documentary programming in the areas of geography, world cultures, anthropology, remote exploration, natural conservation and geo-politics. Its programs will draw on pre-eminent resources, talent and expertise and use rare and spectacular images, riveting storytelling and innovative technology to bring the pages of the National Geographic Magazine to life.\\\" The channel was launched on September 7, 2001 under the ownership of Alliance Atlantis and the U.S.-based National George Channel. On\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6804454\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"28th National Geographic Bee\",\n \"text\": \"28th National Geographic Bee The 28th annual National Geographic Bee was held between May 22–25, 2016 in Washington, D.C. It was moderated by the American humorist, journalist and actor Mo Rocca and featured a grand prize of a $50,000 college scholarship. The champion was Rishi Nair of Williams Magnet Middle School in Tampa, Florida, who won the $50,000 scholarship, lifetime membership to the National Geographic Society, and a Lindblad expedition to southeast Alaska. The 2nd-place winner was Saketh Jonnalagadda of Stony Brook Middle School in Westford, Massachusetts, who won a $25,000 scholarship. The 3rd-place winner was Kapil Nathan of Brock's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19424788\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Story (magazine)\",\n \"text\": \"Story (magazine) Story was a magazine founded in 1931 by journalist-editor Whit Burnett and his first wife, Martha Foley, in Vienna, Austria. Showcasing short stories by new authors, 67 copies of the debut issue (April–May, 1931) were mimeographed in Vienna, and two years later, \\\"Story\\\" moved to New York City, where Burnett and Foley created The Story Press in 1936. By the late 1930s, the circulation of \\\"Story\\\" had climbed to 21,000 copies. Authors introduced in \\\"Story\\\" included Charles Bukowski, Erskine Caldwell, John Cheever, Junot Diaz, James T. Farrell, Joseph Heller, J. D. Salinger, Tennessee Williams and Richard Wright. Other\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10980586\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Kids\",\n \"text\": \"of which appear periodically, The twenty-fifth anniversary issue in September, 2000 was well publicized. It featured a \\\"Top 25\\\" list of the things readers most enjoyed (the magazine covers were #1) a collection of cards people had sent to the magazine, and a special \\\"Kids Did It\\\" column that featured updates on the lives of celebrities who had been featured in the magazine when they were children, such as Michelle Kwan. The thirtieth anniversary issue in September, 2005 featured an article describing what life might be like in thirty years (in 2035). It also featured thirty \\\"cool things\\\" of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5128988\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"True Story (magazine)\",\n \"text\": \"Dorchester Media on March 9, 2012. The headquarters of \\\"True Story\\\" is in New York City. \\\"True Story\\\" was the basis for a radio series, The True Story Court of Human Relations, produced by an advertising agency to promote the magazine. The program was directed by radio historian Erik Barnouw and broadcast live on NBC beginning in 1935 and continuing through the 1930s. The UK edition of \\\"True Story\\\" duplicated the American magazine but also added British material. It was first published by Hutchinson's in 1922. The Argus Press became the publisher in 1949. True Story (magazine) True Story is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14192496\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape\",\n \"text\": \"Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape Baigneuses: Deux nus dans un paysage exotique (also called \\\"Bathers: Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape\\\" and \\\"Bañistas: dos desnudos en un paisaje exótico\\\") is an oil painting created circa 1905-06 by the French artist and theorist Jean Metzinger (1883–1956). \\\"Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape\\\" is a Proto-Cubist work executed in a highly personal Divisionist style during the height of the Fauve period. The painting is now in the Carmen Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection, Spain (). \\\"Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape\\\" is an oil painting on canvas with dimensions 116 x 88.8 cm (45\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17310768\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Photo Story\",\n \"text\": \"to undo their actions, people would be assured by its presence but would not use it unless they truly made a mistake during narration. Photo Story was not included with Windows XP, though it was and continues to be made available as a free download to authenticated users. Vista and Windows 7 both include Photo Story type applications (Windows Movie Maker and Windows DVD Maker), however some users still prefer the flexibility offered by the original. The maximum number of images that may be imported in a single batch is 200. The maximum image size is 72,300 (width) x 7,200\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4983910\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Photo Story\",\n \"text\": \"Story wmv files - Windows Movie Maker does a far better job of converting into an intermediate .avi format (although this will be some 30 times larger than the original wmv) which many DVD Authoring packages will accept as input. The final DVD compatible MPEG2 file size will typically be 5 to 6 times larger than the original .wmv file (or about 6 times smaller than the avi). Photo Story originally was based on a Microsoft Research project in photo sharing. The chief finding of that research was that people narrated better stories when they moved their hands, made gestures\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4983908\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Magazine Awards\",\n \"text\": \"four magazines per year until 1998, when five magazines received General Excellence awards. Six magazines received awards in 2002. From 2003 to 2010, the award went to seven different magazines and in 2011, to eight. Since 2012, the award has gone to six magazines. Previously known as Visual Excellence (1970-1979). Honors overall excellence in print magazine design. Honors overall excellence in print magazine photography. \\\"Previously known as Photo Portfolio/Photo Essay (2004-2006) and Photo Portfolio (2007-2010). Honors the use of original photography in a feature story, photo-essay or photo portfolio.\\\" \\\"Honors magazines that have devoted a single issue to the comprehensive\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4767397\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Exotic Gothic\",\n \"text\": \"Bram Stoker Award-finalist webzine \\\"Horror World\\\" concludes that \\\"Exotic Gothic\\\" \\\"raises the question as to 'How does the contemporary global Gothic enlarge, transcend, scramble, subvert, or mock the genre?' Olson subdivided the Anthology into Sections for Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, Latin America, and North America. Each Section then has various stories that are set within or relate to the particular geographic area..\\\" Inside the first volume, the editor \\\"celebrates the loosening of geographic bonds, an emancipation of the genre.\\\" Exotic Gothic 2: New Tales of Taboo was published Sept. 2008 by Ash-Tree Press, hardcover and trade ppk., original cover photography\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16287082\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Paul Chesley\",\n \"text\": \"the Eye in Aspen, Colorado. Chesley also participated as a student on a National Geographic workshop led by Robert Gilka, the society’s director of photography. Chesley began shooting assignments for National Geographic in 1975 and has since completed more than 35 projects for the society. His photography has focused primarily on people and cultures in Oceania, Asia and Europe. In 1984, Chesley helped found Photographers/Aspen, a photo collective of four National Geographic photographers. In 1989, Chesley met and became friends with Hunter S. Thompson while producing a story on Aspen for Life magazine. In an interview with Stephen Metcalf for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16055470\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Orion\",\n \"text\": \"briefly named the \\\"Constellation\\\"; after its latest refit it is currently operated as the \\\"Lauren L\\\". National Geographic Orion National Geographic Orion (previously known as MS \\\"Orion\\\" and MY \\\"Orion\\\") is operated by New York City-based Lindblad Expeditions - National Geographic. Built by Cassens shipyard in Germany for the Marshall Islands registered company Explorer Maritime, with technical management by the Greek-based company Helios Shipping, the \\\"Orion\\\" was originally operated, albeit for a short time, by US-based cruise operator Travel Dynamics International (TDI). TDI had operated the vessel in the Antarctic and the Arctic and many points in between, including the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8625260\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Orion\",\n \"text\": \"National Geographic Orion National Geographic Orion (previously known as MS \\\"Orion\\\" and MY \\\"Orion\\\") is operated by New York City-based Lindblad Expeditions - National Geographic. Built by Cassens shipyard in Germany for the Marshall Islands registered company Explorer Maritime, with technical management by the Greek-based company Helios Shipping, the \\\"Orion\\\" was originally operated, albeit for a short time, by US-based cruise operator Travel Dynamics International (TDI). TDI had operated the vessel in the Antarctic and the Arctic and many points in between, including the Great Lakes and the Amazon River. Orion Expedition Cruises (OEC), since absorbed by Lindblad, then entered\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8625252\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic (Scandinavia)\",\n \"text\": \"National Geographic (Scandinavia) National Geographic Channel is a television channel broadcasting documentaries and related programmes to the Nordic countries. It is owned by the NGC-UK Partnership, which was in the first ten years of its existence, owned by the National Geographic Society and British Sky Broadcasting. In December 2006, Sky's parent company News Corporation (now 21st Century Fox), acquired 25 percent of the company. This meant that BSkyB owned half company, while National Geographic Television and News Corp held 25 percent share each. In December 2007, BSkyB sold its stake in the partnership to the Fox Entertainment Group. The National\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9856798\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hombre (magazine)\",\n \"text\": \"Hombre (magazine) Hombre is the only American bilingual, upmarket national magazine targeting Latin men. The bimonthly launched in 2005. \\\"Hombre\\\" includes interviews with prominent Latin men, news features relevant to the Latin community, sports stories, fashion editorials, and photo layouts of Latin women. Lifestyle columns include sections on travel, restaurants and hotels, nightlife, as well as health and fitness. The Entertainment section has features and reviews of theater, film, music and television projects. Musical reviews focus on Latin artists. The Events section lists national and international happenings. The first woman featured in the photo layout section of \\\"Hombre\\\" was Roselyn\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12612960\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Society\",\n \"text\": \"Jaobsen wrote. \\\"Involuntary separations will represent about 9 percent of the overall workforce reduction, many in shared services and a voluntary separation offer has also been made to eligible employees,\\\" he added. Specifics as to which departments would be affected were not immediately available but \\\"The Washington Post\\\" reported that the staff reduction appears to affect almost every department including the magazine and the National Geographic Channel. On October 26, 2016, National Geographic announced a rebrand and the television network dropped \\\"Channel\\\" from its name. On December 14, 2017, in a historic deal valued at over $52 billion, The Walt\",\n \"psg_id\": \"292453\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"George Story (journalist)\",\n \"text\": \"titled \\\"A Life Ends\\\", featuring his story and how it had intertwined with the magazine over the years. George Story (journalist) George Story was an American journalist. As a baby being cradled by a doctor, he was featured on a photo-insert in the inaugural issue of \\\"Life\\\", dated November 23, 1936. Captioned under the photograph were the words \\\"Life Begins\\\". Story grew up to become a journalist and later on, a city manager. A married man, he spent his retirement years in Hawaii. Story died of a cardiac arrest on April 4, 2000, just a month after Time Inc. announced\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17653146\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic (Scandinavia)\",\n \"text\": \"and Norwegian markets were launched. National Geographic (Scandinavia) National Geographic Channel is a television channel broadcasting documentaries and related programmes to the Nordic countries. It is owned by the NGC-UK Partnership, which was in the first ten years of its existence, owned by the National Geographic Society and British Sky Broadcasting. In December 2006, Sky's parent company News Corporation (now 21st Century Fox), acquired 25 percent of the company. This meant that BSkyB owned half company, while National Geographic Television and News Corp held 25 percent share each. In December 2007, BSkyB sold its stake in the partnership to the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9856802\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Exotic (song)\",\n \"text\": \"a sweat.\\\" As of now it has acquired over 100 million views. Credits adapted from the single's official liner notes. Exotic (song) \\\"Exotic\\\" is the second single by Indian recording artist Priyanka Chopra featuring American rapper Pitbull. \\\"Exotic\\\" is to be featured on Chopra's upcoming debut studio album; the song was released by Interscope Records on July 9, 2013 as the lead single from the album. \\\"Exotic\\\" was written by Chopra, Pitbull and RedOne, who also produced the song. It contains both English and Hindi lyrics. The single debuted and peaked on \\\"Billboard\\\"s Hot Dance Club Songs at #12 and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17436936\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Exotic (song)\",\n \"text\": \"Exotic (song) \\\"Exotic\\\" is the second single by Indian recording artist Priyanka Chopra featuring American rapper Pitbull. \\\"Exotic\\\" is to be featured on Chopra's upcoming debut studio album; the song was released by Interscope Records on July 9, 2013 as the lead single from the album. \\\"Exotic\\\" was written by Chopra, Pitbull and RedOne, who also produced the song. It contains both English and Hindi lyrics. The single debuted and peaked on \\\"Billboard\\\"s Hot Dance Club Songs at #12 and on Dance/Electronic Digital Songs at #16. The single also debuted and peaked on the Canadian Hot 100 at number #74.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17436928\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Society\",\n \"text\": \"the first National Geographic Society president. The Hubbard Medal has been presented 44 times , the most recent award going to Peter H. Raven. The National Geographic Society also awards, rarely, the Alexander Graham Bell Medal, for exceptional contributions to geographic research. The award is named after Alexander Graham Bell, scientist, inventor and the second president of the NGS. Up to mid-2011, the medal has been twice presented: National Geographic Society The National Geographic Society (NGS), headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, is one of the largest non-profit scientific and educational organizations in the world. Founded in 1888, its interests\",\n \"psg_id\": \"292462\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Open City (magazine)\",\n \"text\": \"Open City (magazine) Open City Magazine and Books was a New York City-based magazine and book publisher that featured many first-time writers alongside those who are well known. The editors were Thomas Beller and Joanna Yas. Thomas Beller and Daniel Pinchbeck founded the magazine in 1991, and were soon joined by Robert Bingham, who in 1999 founded the book series. It was published by a nonprofit organization, Open City, Inc. \\\"Open City Magazine\\\" was produced three times per year. Open City Books released two to four books per year. Their first book was a collection of poetry by David Berman.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8806982\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic\",\n \"text\": \"has been overseen by its own \\\"editor-in-chief\\\". During the Cold War, the magazine committed itself to presenting a balanced view of the physical and human geography of nations beyond the Iron Curtain. The magazine printed articles on Berlin, de-occupied Austria, the Soviet Union, and Communist China that deliberately downplayed politics to focus on culture. In its coverage of the Space Race, \\\"National Geographic\\\" focused on the scientific achievement while largely avoiding reference to the race's connection to nuclear arms buildup. There were also many articles in the 1930s, 40s and 50s about the individual states and their resources, along with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1758193\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Resource Magazine\",\n \"text\": \"Resource Magazine Resource Magazine is a New York-based quarterly publication, dedicated to the photo production industry's sub-culture. \\\"Resource\\\" was founded by Alexandra Niki and Aurelie Jezequel. Since publishing its first issue in October 2007, \\\"Resource\\\" has grown to a circulation of 22,000 copies, many of which are available for free in photo studios, labs, and prop and rental houses in New York City, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, and Miami. \\\"Resource\\\" is also available on newsstands in the United States and Canada. RETV is \\\"Resource\\\"'s online video magazine counterpart. RETV provides additional coverage based on the magazine's print content, as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15503208\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What If (story)\",\n \"text\": \"What If (story) \\\"What If—\\\" is a fantasy short story by Isaac Asimov that was first published in the Summer 1952 issue of \\\"Fantastic\\\" and reprinted in the 1969 collection \\\"Nightfall and Other Stories\\\". The story was inspired by the author's wife, who challenged him to produce a story based on a train trip they were taking to New York. A married couple is traveling on a train from Boston to New York City. They meet a mysterious silent man known only as Mister If, who shows them a small portable television-like device about in size. (Mr. If's first name\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9271249\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"AIDS photo diary, 1986–1990\",\n \"text\": \"in the \\\"100 Objects Exhibition\\\" at the State Library of New South Wales in 2010. AIDS photo diary, 1986–1990 AIDS photo diary, 1986–1990 is an art work that comprises a photo diary that records the decline in health and eventual death of David Tosh, from AIDS from 1986 to 1990 in Sydney, Australia. The diary – with accompanying photographs taken by John Jenner – was created by Jenner to remember his friend and honour the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS. Some of the images were featured in an article in \\\"Sydney Morning Herald\\\"s \\\"Good Weekend\\\" magazine, 13 October 1990,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17229869\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"AIDS photo diary, 1986–1990\",\n \"text\": \"AIDS photo diary, 1986–1990 AIDS photo diary, 1986–1990 is an art work that comprises a photo diary that records the decline in health and eventual death of David Tosh, from AIDS from 1986 to 1990 in Sydney, Australia. The diary – with accompanying photographs taken by John Jenner – was created by Jenner to remember his friend and honour the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS. Some of the images were featured in an article in \\\"Sydney Morning Herald\\\"s \\\"Good Weekend\\\" magazine, 13 October 1990, pp. 20–29. The work includes photographs by John Jenner from 1986 to 1990, together with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17229867\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Orion\",\n \"text\": \"the sailor's emergency radio beacon and effected the rescue with just an hour of sunlight left. On 5 March 2013 it was announced that Orion Expeditions had been acquired by US-based small-ship operator Lindblad Expeditions, which owns five ships and charters a further five and operates cruises to a variety of destinations. CFMF holds a 60 percent interest in Lindblad Expeditions. The MV \\\"Orion\\\" was renamed \\\"National Geographic Orion\\\" in March 2014, and joined fleet-owned \\\"National Geographic Endeavour\\\", \\\"MS National Geographic Explorer\\\", \\\"National Geographic Islander\\\", \\\"National Geographic Sea Bird\\\" and \\\"National Geographic Sea Lion\\\", along with their chartered vessels \\\"Delfin\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8625255\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What If? (magazine)\",\n \"text\": \"What If? (magazine) What If? Magazine (sometimes known as WI) was a Canadian magazine, that covered music, art, literature, film, writing and popular culture. Unlike celebrity-focused publications, \\\"WI\\\"'s primary concentration was on Canadian up-and-coming artists with a heavy focus on youth (teen and tween) and young adult audiences. The publication was notable for their heavy encouragement and publishing of reader-created material. The magazine features reader-made artwork on the cover, from paintings to drawings to photography. It published 4 issues each year (usually in March, June, September, and December) that are available on newsstands for approximately two months. The article that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14867974\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic (Greece)\",\n \"text\": \"National Geographic (Greece) National Geographic is a subscription television network, launched in Greece in 2001 by the Fox International Channels. The channel features documentaries with factual content involving nature, science, culture, and history. Shows can be watched in English with Greek subtitles. For the first 12 years the channel was available only to the subscribers of NOVA Greece satellite bouquet. During the 2000s, foreign versions used to be available (Dutch & Romanian), but as from September 2011, the channel has been fully relaunched in Greek. National Geographic Music was a subscription television network which broadcast documentaries concerning 'the meeting between\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15196771\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic World Championship\",\n \"text\": \"National Geographic World Championship The National Geographic World Championship (previously called the International Geography Olympiad, which is now the title of another similar competition for older schoolchildren) is a biennial, two-day-long international geography competition typically held in late July or early August. The Championship was first held in 1993, and is sponsored by the National Geographic Society. Teams of three students plus one alternate are selected from among those who finished highest in their respective countries' national competitions (e.g. the National Geographic Bee in the U.S.A., the Olimpíada Geográfica Argentina in Argentina or the Australian Geography Competition in Australia). On\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5376299\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Endeavour\",\n \"text\": \"assisted by the Argentine Navy ocean fleet tug ARA \\\"Alferez Sobral\\\" and reached Ushuaia three days later. When \\\"National Geographic Endeavour\\\" was retired, the piano was donated to the Tomas de Berlanga school in Santa Cruz, Galapagos. The bridge ceiling, notched with polar bear sightings from her time in ]]Svalbard]], is with Sven Lindblad. The model, valuable art and other mementos were saved, some items were transferred to National Geographic Endeavour II. \\\"National Geographic Endeavour\\\" was scrapped on 6 May 2017. National Geographic Endeavour MS \\\"National Geographic Endeavour\\\" was a small expedition ship operated by Lindblad Expeditions for cruising in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3795877\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Walkabout (magazine)\",\n \"text\": \"Walkabout (magazine) Walkabout was an Australian illustrated magazine published from 1934 to 1974 combining cultural, geographic, and scientific content with travel literature. Initially a travel magazine, in its forty-year run it featured a popular mix of articles by travellers, officials, residents, journalists, naturalists, anthropologists and novelists, illustrated by Australian photojournalists. Its title derived from the supposed ‘racial characteristic of the Australian aboriginal who is always on the move\\\". Ostensibly and initially a travel and geographic magazine published by the Australian National Travel Association (formed in 1929), \\\"Walkabout : Australia and the South Seas\\\" was named by ANTA director Charles Holmes.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10069750\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Icelandic Geographic\",\n \"text\": \"Cahill (travel writer and first editor of Outside Magazine), Annie Griffiths Belt (National Geographic photographer), Dan Hayes (editor of CNN Traveller), Rudy Maxa (host and co-executive producer of \\\"Smart Travels\\\"), Peter Menzel (photojournalist), Tim Moore (writer), Maureen and Tony Wheeler (founders of Lonely Planet), Thora Arnorsdottir (journalist), Ragnar Axelsson (photographer), Ari Trausti Guðmundsson (geophysicist and mountaineer), Unnur Jokulsdóttir (writer and world-navigator), Joseph Kultgen (co-founder of TrekShare.com), David Leffman (photographer and travel writer), and Soren Sattrup (Editor-in-chief of the Danish Politiken guidebooks). Icelandic Geographic Icelandic Geographic was a magazine about the nature and people of Iceland, founded by Thordis Hadda Yngvadottir\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6261302\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["lhasa","lhasa, tibet","拉萨","administrative divisions of lhasa","lahasa","lhosa","拉萨市","拉薩","capital of tibet","lasa, xizang","lhasa, xizang","拉薩市","chengguan district, lhasa","lhassa","dharkay restaurant","lāsà"],"string":"[\n \"lhasa\",\n \"lhasa, tibet\",\n \"拉萨\",\n \"administrative divisions of lhasa\",\n \"lahasa\",\n \"lhosa\",\n \"拉萨市\",\n \"拉薩\",\n \"capital of tibet\",\n \"lasa, xizang\",\n \"lhasa, xizang\",\n \"拉薩市\",\n \"chengguan district, lhasa\",\n \"lhassa\",\n \"dharkay restaurant\",\n \"lāsà\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":298,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what was mystery writer dashiell hammett's first name?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Dashiell Hammett","text":"Dashiell Hammett Samuel Dashiell Hammett (; May 27, 1894 – January 10, 1961) was an American author of hard-boiled detective novels and short stories. He was also a screenwriter and political activist. Among the enduring characters he created are Sam Spade (\"The Maltese Falcon\"), Nick and Nora Charles (\"The Thin Man\"), and the Continental Op (\"Red Harvest\" and \"The Dain Curse\"). Hammett \"is now widely regarded as one of the finest mystery writers of all time\". In his obituary in \"The New York Times\", he was described as \"the dean of the... 'hard-boiled' school of detective fiction.\" \"Time\" magazine included","psg_id":"1292537"},{"title":"Dashiell Hammett","text":"Hammett's 1929 novel \"Red Harvest\" on its list of the 100 best English-language novels published between 1923 and 2005. His novels and stories also had a significant influence on films, including the genres of private-eye/detective fiction, mystery thrillers, and film-noir. Hammett was born on a farm in Saint Mary's County, Maryland. His parents were Richard Thomas Hammett and Anne Bond Dashiell; his mother belonged to an old Maryland family, whose name in French was De Chiel. He had an older sister, Aronia, and a younger brother, Richard, Jr. Known as Sam, Hammett was baptized a Catholic, and grew up in","psg_id":"1292538"},{"title":"Dashiell Hammett","text":"Davis as Hellman. The Continental Op Sam Spade Nick and Nora Charles In 2011, magazine editor Andrew Gulli found fifteen previously unknown short stories by Dashiell Hammett in the archives of the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas in Austin. Dashiell Hammett Samuel Dashiell Hammett (; May 27, 1894 – January 10, 1961) was an American author of hard-boiled detective novels and short stories. He was also a screenwriter and political activist. Among the enduring characters he created are Sam Spade (\"The Maltese Falcon\"), Nick and Nora Charles (\"The Thin Man\"), and the Continental Op (\"Red Harvest\" and","psg_id":"1292556"},{"title":"Hammett (film)","text":"Hammett (film) Hammett is a 1982 mystery film directed by Wim Wenders and executive produced by Francis Ford Coppola. The screenplay was written by Ross Thomas and Dennis O'Flaherty, based on the novel of the same name by Joe Gores. It stars Frederic Forrest as detective story writer Dashiell Hammett, who gets caught up in a mystery very much like one of his own stories. Marilu Henner plays Hammett's neighbor, Kit Conger, and Peter Boyle plays Jimmy Ryan, an old friend from Hammett's days as a Pinkerton agent. The film was entered into the 1982 Cannes Film Festival. San Francisco-based","psg_id":"6824407"},{"title":"Hammett (film)","text":"A number of actors from the \"Golden Age\" of Hollywood were cast in the film, including Hank Worden, Royal Dano, and Elisha Cook, Jr. (who played Wilmer \"the gunsel\" in John Huston's 1941 film \"The Maltese Falcon\"). Hammett (film) Hammett is a 1982 mystery film directed by Wim Wenders and executive produced by Francis Ford Coppola. The screenplay was written by Ross Thomas and Dennis O'Flaherty, based on the novel of the same name by Joe Gores. It stars Frederic Forrest as detective story writer Dashiell Hammett, who gets caught up in a mystery very much like one of his","psg_id":"6824412"},{"title":"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine","text":"quarterly, and thanks to its popularity, it went bimonthly in the following year and finally went monthly in 1946. Just like'\" Mystery League\", the first issue of \"EQMM\" contained 7 complete mystery stories from Dashiell Hammett, Margery Ellingham, T.S. Stribling, Anthony Abbot, Cornell Woolrich, Fredrick Hazlitt Brennan and Ellery Queen himself. Dannay admitted in his message to readers that “This first issue is frankly experimental. Our belief that a large public exists which impatiently awaits such publication can only be confirmed by that public.” In sharp contrary to\" Mystery League\"’s failure, the first issue is enthusiastically welcomed by the public,","psg_id":"3031345"},{"title":"Leslie S. Klinger","text":"was published by Pegasus in January 2018. At present, Klinger is completing the first of a new series of annotated mysteries for Pegasus Books. The first volume, \"Classic Crime Fiction of the 1920's\", includes \"House Without a Key\" (the first Charlie Chan novel by Earl Derr Biggers), \"Red Harvest\" (the first novel-length Continental Op mystery by Dashiell Hammett), \"The Roman Hat Mystery\" (the first Ellery Queen novel), \"The Benson Murder Case\" (the first Philo Vance novel by S. S. Van Dine), and \"Little Caesar\" by W. R. Burnett, the basis for the first great gangster film. The book is due","psg_id":"12703852"},{"title":"Dashiell Hammett","text":"something to have afterwards.\" Hammett died in Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan on January 10, 1961, of lung cancer, diagnosed just two months before. As a veteran of two world wars, he was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Hammett's relationship with Lillian Hellman was portrayed in the film \"Julia\". Jason Robards won an Oscar for his depiction of Hammett, and Jane Fonda was nominated for her portrayal of Lillian Hellman. Frederic Forrest portrayed Hammett semifictionally as the protagonist in the 1982 film \"Hammett\". Sam Shepard played Hammett in the 1999 Emmy-nominated biographical television film \"Dash and Lilly\" along with Judy","psg_id":"1292555"},{"title":"Hammett (film)","text":"Dashiell Hammett, trying to put his Pinkerton detective days behind him while establishing himself as a writer, finds himself drawn back into his old life one last time by the irresistible call of friendship and to honor a debt. In 1928, Hammett, known to his librarian neighbor Kit and other acquaintances as \"Sam,\" is holed up in a cheap apartment, hard at work at his typewriter each day. He drinks heavily, smokes too much and has coughing fits. One day, a friend and mentor from his Pinkerton days, Jimmy Ryan, turns up with a request, that Hammett help him track","psg_id":"6824408"},{"title":"Dashiell Hammett","text":"the hearing, Hammett refused to provide the information the government wanted, specifically the list of contributors to the bail fund, \"people who might be sympathetic enough to harbor the fugitives.\" Instead, on every question regarding the CRC or the bail fund, Hammett declined to answer, citing the Fifth Amendment, refusing to even identify his signature or initials on CRC documents the government had subpoenaed. As soon as his testimony concluded, Hammett was found guilty of contempt of court. Hammett served time in a West Virginia federal penitentiary, where according to Lillian Hellman, he was assigned to clean toilets. Hellman noted","psg_id":"1292551"},{"title":"Dashiell Hammett","text":"daughters with the income he made from his writing. Hammett was first published in 1922 in the magazine \"The Smart Set\". Known for the authenticity and realism of his writing, he drew on his experiences as a Pinkerton operative. Hammett wrote most of his detective fiction while he was living in San Francisco in the 1920s; streets and other locations in San Francisco are frequently mentioned in his stories. He said that \"All my characters were based on people I've known personally, or known about.\" His novels were some of the first to use dialogue that sounded authentic to the","psg_id":"1292541"},{"title":"Dashiell Hammett","text":"in her eulogy of Hammett that he submitted to prison rather than reveal the names of the contributors to the fund because \"he had come to the conclusion that a man should keep his word.\" During the 1950s, Hammett was investigated by Congress. He testified on March 26, 1953, before the House Un-American Activities Committee about his own activities, but refused to cooperate with the committee. No official action was taken, but his stand led to his being blacklisted, along with others who were blacklisted as a result of McCarthyism. Hammett became an alcoholic before working in advertising, and alcoholism","psg_id":"1292552"},{"title":"Maltese Falcon Society","text":"\"Success to crime.\" William Nadel of the New York chapter conducted a Dashiell Hammett/\"Thin Man\" walking tour of Manhattan. Founded by mystery writer Jiro Kimura, the Japanese chapter produced a newsletter called \"The Maltese Falcon Flyer\" ten times a year, and in 1983 began to present the annual Falcon Award. Co-founder Herron began to conduct the Dashiell Hammett Tour in San Francisco, the longest running literary tour in the United States. The San Francisco chapter meetings heard presentations by mystery novelists Julie Smith, Charles Willeford, Stephen Greenleaf, and Joe Gores. Other speakers included Hammett biographers Diane Johnson and William F.","psg_id":"13222432"},{"title":"Dashiell Hammett","text":"He wrote scenes that seemed never to have been written before. In 1929 and 1930, he was romantically involved with Nell Martin, a writer of short stories and several novels. He dedicated \"The Glass Key\" to her, and in turn, she dedicated her novel \"Lovers Should Marry\" to him. In 1931, Hammett embarked on a 30-year romantic relationship with the playwright Lillian Hellman. Though he sporadically continued to work on material, he wrote his final novel in 1934, more than 25 years before his death. Why he moved away from fiction is not certain; Hellman speculated in a posthumous collection","psg_id":"1292543"},{"title":"Dashiell Hammett","text":"era. \"I distrust a man that says when. If he's got to be careful not to drink too much, it's because he's not to be trusted when he does\". Raymond Chandler, often considered Hammett's successor, summarized his accomplishments in \"The Simple Art of Murder\": Hammett was the ace performer... He is said to have lacked heart; yet the story he himself thought the most of, \"The Glass Key\", is the record of a man's devotion to a friend. He was spare, frugal, hard-boiled, but he did over and over again what only the best writers can ever do at all.","psg_id":"1292542"},{"title":"Dashiell Hammett","text":"Henry W. Hall. While in the Aleutians, he developed emphysema. After the war, Hammett returned to political activism, \"but he played that role with less fervour than before.\" He was elected president of the Civil Rights Congress (CRC) on June 5, 1946, at a meeting held at the Hotel Diplomat in New York City, and \"devoted the largest portion of his working time to CRC activities\". In 1946, a bail fund was created by the CRC \"to be used at the discretion of three trustees to gain the release of defendants arrested for political reasons.\" Those three trustees were Hammett,","psg_id":"1292548"},{"title":"Dashiell Hammett","text":"of Hammett's novels, \"I think, but I only think, I know a few of the reasons: he wanted to do new kind of work, he was sick for many of those years and getting sicker.\" In the 1940s, Hellman and he lived at her farm, Hardscrabble Farm, in Pleasantville, New York. Hammett devoted much of his life to left-wing activism. He was a strong antifascist throughout the 1930s, and in 1937 joined the Communist Party. On May 1, 1935, Hammett joined the League of American Writers (1935-1943), whose members included Lillian Hellman, Alexander Trachtenberg of International Publishers, Frank Folsom, Louis","psg_id":"1292544"},{"title":"Dashiell Hammett","text":"his time in the Army as a patient at Cushman Hospital in Tacoma, Washington, where he met a nurse, Josephine Dolan, whom he married on July 7, 1921, in San Francisco. Hammett and Dolan had two daughters, Mary Jane (born 1921) and Josephine (born 1926). Shortly after the birth of their second child, health services nurses informed Dolan that due to Hammett's TB, the children and she should not live with him full-time. Dolan rented a home in San Francisco, where Hammett would visit on weekends. The marriage soon fell apart, but he continued to financially support his wife and","psg_id":"1292540"},{"title":"Mystery film","text":"as his carefree wife \"Nora\" in the \"Thin Man\" series. Six films in all were produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer from 1934 to 1947. Based on \"The Thin Man\" novel by Dashiell Hammett, these were witty, sophisticated romps that combined elements of the screwball comedy film within a complex murder mystery plot. In the middle of this series, RKO hired Powell and Jean Arthur for \"The Ex-Mrs. Bradford\" (1936), a breezy comedy-mystery that successfully replicated MGM's \"Thin Man\" formula. Warner Brothers responded with a similar comedy, \"Footsteps in the Dark\" (1941), with Errol Flynn playing a married stockbroker who leads a double","psg_id":"2840185"},{"title":"Kirk Hammett","text":"second annual \"Fear FestEvil\" took place between April 10–12, 2015, at the \"Rockbar Theater\" in San Jose, California. Meshuggah headlined the event, whilst High on Fire, Blues Pills, Agnostic Front, and Asada Messiah also made appearances. Orchid also made a second appearance at the \"Fear FestEvil\". On April 10, VIP's were able to attend the \"Dinner and Murder Mystery\" - along with Hammett - at the Winchester Mystery House. Hammett has been married twice. His first marriage to Rebecca lasted three years, having ended in 1990, during the recording of \"The Black Album\". Hammett has been married to his second","psg_id":"228319"},{"title":"Dashiell Hammett","text":"He may have meant to start a new literary life with the novel \"Tulip\", but left it unfinished, perhaps because he was \"just too ill to care, too worn out to listen to plans or read contracts. The fact of breathing, just breathing, took up all the days and nights.\" Hammett could no longer live alone, and they both knew it, so he spent the last four years of his life with Hellman. \"Not all of that time was easy, and some of it very bad\", she wrote, but, \"guessing death was not too far away, I would try for","psg_id":"1292554"},{"title":"Dashiell Hammett","text":"attack on Pearl Harbor, Hammett again enlisted in the United States Army. He was a disabled veteran of World War I, a victim of tuberculosis, and a Communist, but he pulled strings to be admitted. However, biographer Diane Johnson suggests that confusion over Hammett's forenames was the reason he was able to re-enlist. He served as a sergeant in the Aleutian Islands, where he edited an Army newspaper entitled \"The Adakian\". In 1943, while still a member of the military, he co-authored \"The Battle of the Aleutians\" with Cpl. Robert Colodny, under the direction of an infantry intelligence officer, Major","psg_id":"1292547"},{"title":"Dashiell Hammett","text":"Philadelphia and Baltimore. He left school when he was 13 years old and held several jobs before working for the Pinkerton National Detective Agency. He served as an operative for Pinkerton from 1915 to February 1922, with time off to serve in World War I. While at Pinkerton, he was sent to Butte, Montana, during the union strikes. The agency's role in union strike-breaking eventually left him disillusioned. Hammett enlisted in the Army in 1918 and served in the Motor Ambulance Corps. He was afflicted during that time with the Spanish flu and later contracted tuberculosis. He spent most of","psg_id":"1292539"},{"title":"Dashiell Hammett","text":"continued to trouble him until 1948, when he quit after his doctor's orders. However, years of heavy drinking and smoking worsened the tuberculosis he contracted in World War I, and then according to Hellman, \"jail had made a thin man thinner, a sick man sicker ... I knew he would now always be sick.\" Hellman wrote that during the 1950s, Hammett became \"a hermit\", his decline evident in the clutter of his rented \"ugly little country cottage\", where \"signs of sickness were all around: now the phonograph was unplayed, the typewriter untouched, the beloved foolish gadgets unopened in their packages.\"","psg_id":"1292553"},{"title":"Mystery film","text":"based on the novels of Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler, and an ensuing slew of imitators were adapted to film. With the onset of World War II, crime films and melodramas in particular suddenly took on a dark mood of cynicism and despair that had not existed in the optimistic 1930s. Eventually, this cycle of films (which cuts across several genres) would be called film noir by French film critics. Pessimistic, unheroic stories about greed, lust, and cruelty became central to the mystery genre. Grim, violent films featuring cynical, trenchcoat-wearing private detectives who were almost as ruthless as the criminals they","psg_id":"2840188"},{"title":"Stephen Talbot","text":"his wife, Pippa Gordon, a medical social worker. They have a son, Dashiell, and a daughter, Caitlin. They named their son Dashiell, now a deputy counsel for the County of Los Angeles, after San Francisco mystery writer Dashiell Hammett. His daughter, Caitlin, is an actress and yoga instructor, who graduated with an M.F.A. from American Conservatory Theater, in San Francisco. In 2015, he wrote a story reminiscing about the home birth of his daughter. Talbot's sister, \"New Yorker\" magazine staffer Margaret Talbot, wrote \"The Entertainer: Movies, Magic and My Father's Twentieth Century\" (Riverhead Books, 2012), about their father, Lyle Talbot,","psg_id":"8906714"},{"title":"Dashiell Hammett","text":"2, 1951, their appeals exhausted, four of the convicted men fled rather than surrender themselves to Federal agents and begin serving their sentences. The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York issued subpoenas to the trustees of the CRC bail fund in an attempt to learn the whereabouts of the fugitives. Hammett testified on July 9, 1951, in front of United States District Court Judge Sylvester Ryan, facing questioning by Irving Saypol, the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, described by \"Time\" as \"the nation's number-one legal hunter of top Communists\". During","psg_id":"1292550"},{"title":"Dashiell Hammett","text":"this novel. Herbert Ruhm found that contemporary left-wing media already viewed Hammett's writing with skepticism, \"perhaps because his work suggests no solution: no mass-action ... no individual salvation ... no Emersonian reconciliation and transcendence\". In a letter of November 25, 1937, to his daughter Mary, Hammett referred to himself and others as \"we reds\". He confirmed, \"in a democracy all men are supposed to have an equal say in their government\", but added that \"their equality need not go beyond that.\" He also found, \"under socialism there is not necessarily [...] any leveling of incomes.\" In early 1942, following the","psg_id":"1292546"},{"title":"William Hoffman (author)","text":"William Hoffman (author) Henry William Hoffman (May 16, 1925 – September 12, 2009) was an American writer who published thirteen novels and four books of short stories and two plays. He was born he lived in West Virginia but spent his formative years in southwestern Virginia. William Hoffman was the recipient of the 1992 Dos Passos Prize|John Dos Passos Prize For Literature, an O'Henry for the sort story and a Dasheill Hammett award for his mystery writing. In 1996 he was awarded the O. Henry Prize. In 1999 he received The Dashiell Hammett Award for the book \"Tidewater Blood.\" He","psg_id":"8026444"},{"title":"Roadhouse Nights","text":"Roadhouse Nights Roadhouse Nights is a 1930 American Pre-Code gangster film. A number of sources including Sally Cline in her book \"Dashiell Hammett Man of Mystery\" claim it is based on the classic novel \"Red Harvest\" written by Dashiell Hammett (author of \"The Maltese Falcon\", \"The Thin Man\", and \"The Glass Key\"). However the credits of the film itself say only \"An Original Screenplay by Ben Hecht.\" Hammett receives no mention at all (and the plots are not similar). The movie, an unusual amalgam of musical comedy and gangster melodrama, was directed by Hobart Henley, stars Helen Morgan, Charles Ruggles,","psg_id":"15649051"},{"title":"Joe Gores","text":"Joe Gores Joseph Nicholas \"Joe\" Gores (born December 25, 1931, in Rochester, Minnesota, United States; died January 10, 2011, in Greenbrae, California) was an American mystery writer. He was known best for his novels and short stories set in San Francisco and featuring the fictional \"Dan Kearney and Associates\" (the \"DKA Files\") private investigation firm specializing in repossessing cars, a thinly veiled escalation of his own experiences as a confidential sleuth and repo man. Gores was also recognized for his novels \"Hammett\" (1975; made into the 1982 film \"Hammett\"), \"Spade & Archer\" (the 2009 prequel to Dashiell Hammett's \"The Maltese","psg_id":"13453733"},{"title":"Nell Martin","text":"of the same title by MGM in 1930. She was at one time the lover of the mystery writer Dashiell Hammett and he dedicated his 1931 novel \"The Glass Key\" to her. She was married to Ashley Weed Dickinson, a journalist and author. Martin wrote eight novels and over 200 short stories. Her novels include: Nell Martin Nell Martin (1890–1961) was an American author from Illinois specializing in light-hearted mysteries and short stories. She also published under Columbia Boyer and her full name Nell Columbia Boyer Martin. Having worked as a strawberry picker, newspaper reporter, taxi-cab driver, lawyer's assistant, laundry","psg_id":"9783436"},{"title":"Stanley Ellin","text":"that crime fiction is at best merely escapist fare. Ellin identifies not only with Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler, Agatha Christie, and Arthur Conan Doyle but also with Fyodor Dostoevski and William Faulkner, who also dealt with the theme of crime and punishment.\" Art Taylor, a writer of stories for such venues as \"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine\" and a reviewer for the \"Washington Post Book World\" and other periodicals, wrote that \"what has given Ellin such lasting renown in the pantheon of short story writers is surely the precision of his plotting: the clockwork accuracy by which each element of a","psg_id":"9136652"},{"title":"Louis Plack Hammett","text":"Louis Plack Hammett Louis Plack Hammett (April 7, 1894 – February 9, 1987) was an American physical chemist. He is known for the Hammett equation, which relates reaction rates to equilibrium constants for certain classes of organic reactions involving substituted aromatic compounds. He is also known for his research into superacids and his development of a scheme for comparing their acidities based on what is now known as the Hammett acidity function. The Curtin–Hammett principle bears his name. The awards he obtained included the Priestley Medal in 1961,the Willard Gibbs Award in 1961, the National Medal of Science in 1967,","psg_id":"9902105"},{"title":"Roadhouse Nights","text":"Prohibition-era entertainment, with a reasonably \"straight\" performance from comic actor Ruggles and a few songs from Helen Morgan. Roadhouse Nights Roadhouse Nights is a 1930 American Pre-Code gangster film. A number of sources including Sally Cline in her book \"Dashiell Hammett Man of Mystery\" claim it is based on the classic novel \"Red Harvest\" written by Dashiell Hammett (author of \"The Maltese Falcon\", \"The Thin Man\", and \"The Glass Key\"). However the credits of the film itself say only \"An Original Screenplay by Ben Hecht.\" Hammett receives no mention at all (and the plots are not similar). The movie, an","psg_id":"15649053"},{"title":"Unknown Mystery 60's Group","text":"Unknown Mystery 60's Group \"Unknown Mystery 60's Group\" is the name given to an unknown group of musicians from the 1960s whose music was found on reel-to-reel tapes and released in CD format. The first volume was released as \"Unknown Mystery 60's Group\" in 1997 by Distortions Records. The second release, \"Volume II\", was released by the now defunct Octopus Recordings in 2001. The third CD, \"Volume III – Love Songs\", was released by Birdhouse Records in 2007. The additional tapes for volumes II and III were made available by the band archivist in Spain. The first CD of Unknown","psg_id":"10268985"},{"title":"The Thin Man (film)","text":"The Thin Man (film) The Thin Man is a 1934 American pre-Code comedy-mystery film directed by W. S. Van Dyke and based on the novel of the same name by Dashiell Hammett. The film stars William Powell and Myrna Loy as Nick and Nora Charles; Nick is a hard-drinking, retired private detective, and Nora is a wealthy heiress. Their wire-haired fox terrier Asta is played by canine actor Skippy. The film's screenplay was written by Albert Hackett and Frances Goodrich, a married couple. In 1934, the film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. The titular \"Thin Man\"","psg_id":"714957"},{"title":"Tough Guys Don't Dance (novel)","text":"was not a critical or commercial success. Tough Guys Don't Dance (novel) Tough Guys Don't Dance (1984) is a noir thriller and murder mystery novel by American writer, Norman Mailer, reminiscent of the works of Dashiell Hammett and Mickey Spillane. The book was filmed in 1987. Set in Provincetown on Cape Cod in Massachusetts, the protagonist is Tim Madden, a former bartender and drug runner, currently struggling to make a living as a writer. Waking one morning with a hangover, a new tattoo, and no memory of the previous night, Madden soon discovers that the passenger seat of his car","psg_id":"18053562"},{"title":"Matt Helm","text":"brought to the spy novel the authentic hard realism of Dashiell Hammett; and his stories are as compelling, and probably as close to the sordid truth of espionage, as any now being told.\" Golden Age mystery writer John Dickson Carr began reviewing books for \"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine\" in 1969. According to Carr's biographer, \"Carr found Donald Hamilton's Matt Helm to be 'my favorite secret agent,'\" although Hamilton's books had little in common with Carr's. \"The explanation may lie in Carr's comment that in espionage novels he preferred Matt Helm's 'cloud-cuckooland' land. Carr never valued realism in fiction.\" In 1965,","psg_id":"3325789"},{"title":"Tough Guys Don't Dance (novel)","text":"Tough Guys Don't Dance (novel) Tough Guys Don't Dance (1984) is a noir thriller and murder mystery novel by American writer, Norman Mailer, reminiscent of the works of Dashiell Hammett and Mickey Spillane. The book was filmed in 1987. Set in Provincetown on Cape Cod in Massachusetts, the protagonist is Tim Madden, a former bartender and drug runner, currently struggling to make a living as a writer. Waking one morning with a hangover, a new tattoo, and no memory of the previous night, Madden soon discovers that the passenger seat of his car is covered in blood and the head","psg_id":"18053560"},{"title":"Strangers on a Train (film)","text":"novel) into the story and softened Bruno from a coarse alcoholic into a dapper, charming mama's boy — a much more Hitchcockian villain. With treatment in hand, Hitchcock shopped for a screenwriter; he wanted a \"name\" writer to lend some prestige to the screenplay, but was turned down by eight writers, including John Steinbeck and Thornton Wilder, all of whom thought the story too tawdry and were put off by Highsmith's first-timer status. Talks with Dashiell Hammett got further, but here too communications ultimately broke down, and Hammett never took the assignment. Hitchcock then tried Raymond Chandler, who had earned","psg_id":"1897918"},{"title":"Jim Thompson (writer)","text":"\"A Hell of a Woman\" and \"Pop. 1280.\" In these works, Thompson turned the derided crime genre into literature and art, featuring unreliable narrators, odd structure, and the quasi-surrealistic inner narratives of the last thoughts of his dying or dead characters. A number of Thompson's books were adapted as popular films, including \"The Getaway\" and \"The Grifters\". The writer R.V. Cassill has suggested that of all crime fiction, Thompson's was the rawest and most harrowing; that neither Dashiell Hammett nor Raymond Chandler nor Horace McCoy, author of the bleak \"They Shoot Horses, Don't They?,\" ever \"wrote a book within miles","psg_id":"1649935"},{"title":"Lillian Hellman","text":"United States. Years later she wrote, \"Then for the first time in my life I thought about being a Jew.\" Beginning in 1930, for about a year she earned $50 a week as a reader for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in Hollywood, writing summaries of novels and periodical literature for potential screenplays. Although she found the job rather dull, it created many opportunities for her to meet a greater range of creative people while she became involved in more political and artistic scenes during that time. While there she met and fell in love with mystery writer Dashiell Hammett. She divorced Kober and","psg_id":"1668692"},{"title":"Kirk Hammett","text":"Kirk Hammett Kirk Lee Hammett (born November 18, 1962) is an American musician who has been lead guitarist and a contributing songwriter for the heavy metal band Metallica since 1983. Before joining Metallica he formed and named the band Exodus. In 2003, Hammett was ranked 11th on \"Rolling Stone\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s list of The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. In 2009, Hammett was ranked number 15 in Joel McIver's book \"The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists\". Hammett was born on November 18, 1962 in San Francisco, and raised in the town of El Sobrante, California. He is the son of Teofila \"Chefela\"","psg_id":"228298"},{"title":"Nick and Nora Charles","text":"the bantering, romantically involved detective duo has become a well-used trope in literature, stage, screen, and television ever since. The characters first appear in Dashiell Hammett's best-selling last novel \"The Thin Man\" (1934). Nick is an alcoholic former private detective who retired when he married Nora, a wealthy Nob Hill heiress. Hammett reportedly modeled Nora on his longtime partner Lillian Hellman, and the characters' boozy, flippant dialogue on their relationship. (The novel also mentions that Nick was once a Pinkerton detective, as was Hammett.) The novel is considered one of the seminal texts of the hard-boiled subgenre of mystery novels,","psg_id":"1292587"},{"title":"Devil's Island","text":"wrote never happened, were embellishments or were feats ascribed to others. Although prisoners were not treated well, conditions were not as bad as in Charrière's account. A \"remake\" of Papillon was released in 2017. The Danish novel \"Helvede hinsides havet\" (1933) (\"Hell beyond the Sea\"), by Aage Krarup Nielsen, describes the life in the camp. Devil's Island is featured in the plot of \"The Dain Curse\" (1928), a novel by Dashiell Hammett, the American mystery writer. In 1939, Boris Karloff was cast as Dr. Charles Gaudet in the film \"Devil's Island\". In the 1944 film \"To Have and Have Not","psg_id":"1417732"},{"title":"Red Harvest","text":"director Rian Johnson's debut feature, \"Brick\", was inspired by the novels of Dashiell Hammett, particularly \"Red Harves\"t. Science-fiction writer David Drake has said that he took the plot of his novel \"The Sharp End\" (1993) from \"Red Harvest\". Red Harvest Red Harvest (1929) is a novel by Dashiell Hammett. The story is narrated by the Continental Op, a frequent character in Hammett's fiction, much of which is drawn from his own experiences as an operative of the Pinkerton Detective Agency (fictionalized as the Continental Detective Agency). The labor dispute in the novel was inspired by Butte's Anaconda Road massacre. \"Time\"","psg_id":"1849428"},{"title":"True Detective (magazine)","text":"Macfadden changed the name to \"True Detective\", emphasizing the magazine's move away from mystery fiction. \"True Detective\" non-fiction stories retained some of the tone and style of noir fiction and mystery writing, laying the ground for subsequent true crime genre conventions. The magazine had few ambitions to purvey serious literature, although it did publish early work by respected writers like Dashiell Hammett, Jim Thompson, and Ann Rule, among others. It appealed to the same working class audience as its pulp fiction competitors and became a massive hit, evidently selling around 2 million copies per month in the 1930s and '40s.","psg_id":"7000681"},{"title":"The Yiddish Policemen's Union","text":"released on May 1, 2007. Chabon has said that the novel was difficult to write, calling it \"an exercise in restraint all around... The sentences are much shorter than my typical sentences; my paragraphs are shorter than my typical paragraphs.\" He also described the novel as an homage to the writing of mystery writers Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett, and Ross Macdonald, along with Russian writer Isaac Babel. The book's original cover art by Will Staehle features an amalgam of styles (like the novel itself), drawing on classic pulp detective novel, Jewish imagery, and art from the Pacific Northwest and Alaska,","psg_id":"8976736"},{"title":"Mateiu Caragiale","text":"Caragiale's style and that of two 20th century foreign authors of crime fiction—Dashiell Hammett and Giorgio Bassani. The general intent, Manolescu notes, is not in realistically depicting police procedures, but in showing \"the human mystery.\" Thus, Ion Vartic argues, Gogu Nicolau may be Caragiale's attempt to see himself from the outside, and his disappearance may be a clue that the writer was planning to sever links with the cultural milieu. The work's title and its generic meaning are found in Ruse's final statement: \"There are such things meant to always remain—since forever—under the seal of secrecy.\" Caragiale's Symbolist poems, including","psg_id":"4191584"},{"title":"Raymond Chandler","text":"previous detective stories: Chandler also described the struggle that writers of pulp fiction had in following the formula demanded by the editors of the pulp magazines: Critics and writers, including W. H. Auden, Evelyn Waugh and Ian Fleming, greatly admired Chandler's prose. In a radio discussion with Chandler, Fleming said that Chandler offered \"some of the finest dialogue written in any prose today\". Contemporary mystery writer Paul Levine has described Chandler's style as the \"literary equivalent of a quick punch to the gut.\" Chandler's swift-moving, hardboiled style was inspired mostly by Dashiell Hammett, but his sharp and lyrical similes are","psg_id":"346413"},{"title":"Kirk Hammett","text":"(also known as \"The Black Album\"), and was ranked 399th on \"Rolling Stone\"'s list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The bridge for \"Creeping Death\" was originally an Exodus riff that Hammett took with him to Metallica. In 1986, during the band's European leg of their tour to support \"Master of Puppets\", Hammett and bassist Cliff Burton had a dispute over sleeping arrangements on the band's tour bus. The outcome of the dispute was decided by a card draw, which Burton won by picking the Ace of Spades. Once the draw was completed, Burton looked at Hammett and","psg_id":"228305"},{"title":"Dashiell Robert Parr","text":"Huckleberry Milner. It’s ideal for Dash, whose permanent aim is to race around the river bend, as it were, and see what adventures await\". Dashiell Robert Parr Dashiell \"Dash\" Robert Parr is a fictional superhero, created by Brad Bird for the Pixar franchise \"The Incredibles\". The character is voiced by Spencer Fox in the first movie and Huckleberry Milner in the second film. Restless, relentless and curious, Dash sports a hearty sense of adventure and a boundless supply of energy. Born with the remarkable power of super speed, he would love nothing more than to show off his special skills","psg_id":"20877477"},{"title":"Secret Agent X-9 (1937 serial)","text":"art shop, where Marker, a paid accomplice, conceals it between an oil painting and its frame. Dexter arrests Blackstone and pursues Marker with the full intention of unmasking of the mysterious \"Brenda\"... \"Secret Agent X-9\" was based on the comic strip by Dashiell Hammett (writer) and Alex Raymond (artist). Secret Agent X-9 (1937 serial) Secret Agent X-9 (1937) is a Universal film serial based on the comic strip \"Secret Agent X-9\" by Dashiell Hammett and Alex Raymond. G-Men learn that \"Brenda\", notorious jewel thief, is heading for the US, to steal the Belgravian crown jewels currently on exhibit. The jewels","psg_id":"9884752"},{"title":"Rita Rätsepp","text":"Kanal 2 television drama series \"Pilvede all\", since 2010. Other television series appearances include roles on the Kanal 2 crime serials \"Kelgukoerad\" (2009) and \"Viimane võmm\" (2015). In 2010, she appeared in the role of Sirje, Kerli's mother in \"Klass - Elu pärast\", which was a 2010 ETV2 television miniseries follow-up of the Ilmar Raag directed 2007 feature-film \"Klass\" about school bullying and violence. Notable film roles include that of Opal Madving in the 1986 Arvo Kruusement-directed mystery crime-drama \"Bande\" from Tallinnfilm, based on th 1930 novel \"The Glass Key\" by American writer Dashiell Hammett; the 2011 Gerli Nõmm-directed drama","psg_id":"20822577"},{"title":"Secret Agent X-9","text":"Secret Agent X-9 Secret Agent X-9 was a comic strip created by writer Dashiell Hammett (\"The Maltese Falcon\") and artist Alex Raymond (\"Flash Gordon\"). Syndicated by King Features, it ran from January 22, 1934 until February 10, 1996. X-9 was a nameless agent who worked for a nameless agency. X-9 used the name \"Dexter\" in the first story (\"It's not my name, but it'll do.\") and kept using it or being called by it in later stories, but acquired the name \"Phil Corrigan\" in the 1940s; decades later, the strip was renamed Secret Agent Corrigan. The nameless agency was also","psg_id":"5996111"},{"title":"Robert B. Dashiell","text":"Robert B. Dashiell Robert Brooke Dashiell ( – ) was an officer in the United States Navy who was noted for his technical expertise. Dashiell, born near Woodville, Virginia, graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1881 and was commissioned as an ensign two years later. In 1889, he received an honorary Master of Arts degree from St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland. After his appointment as Assistant Naval Constructor, Dashiell was dispatched by the Bureau of Ordnance to construct an ordnance center at Indian Head, Maryland. The resulting facility, the U.S. Navy’s first installation in Southern Maryland, has","psg_id":"6478020"},{"title":"Charlie Wild, Private Detective (radio program)","text":"Charlie Wild, Private Detective (radio program) Charlie Wild, Private Detective is an American old-time radio detective mystery drama. It was broadcast on NBC September 24, 1950 - December 17, 1950, and on CBS January 7, 1951 - July 1, 1951. The episodes broadcast on CBS were also carried on six stations of the Alaska Broadcasting System. \"Charlie Wild, Private Detective\" replaced \"The Adventures of Sam Spade\" on the air. The change followed the listing of \"Sam Spade\"'s star (Howard Duff) and creator (Dashiell Hammett) in the anti-Communist tract \"Red Channels\". Radio historian John Dunning wrote that the association of the","psg_id":"19998744"},{"title":"Bryant Hammett","text":"Committee and served too as the Ferriday city engineer. Hammett is affiliated with Ducks Unlimited and the National Rifle Association. Hammett and his wife, the former Susan Cotton (also born 1956), originally from Jonesville in Catahoula Parish, are elders at the First Presbyterian Church of Ferriday. The couple has three daughters, Virginia L. \"Ginny\" Hammett Martinez (born 1981), Dorothy Elizabeth Hammett (born 1983), and Laura Danielle Hammett (born 1986). At thirty-five, Hammett was elected in 1991 to House District 21 (Concordia, East Carroll, Madison, and Tensas parishes). The seat became vacant when the Democrat Al Ater, a Ferriday farmer, declined","psg_id":"14027530"},{"title":"A Borrowed Man","text":"\"well-designed 50/50 marriage of 1930s pulpish SF and the now classic noir detective murder mystery formula first given us by Dashiell Hammett\", and \"a rejuvenating reminder of that glorious and (dare I say it) naive time when SF was new, the dreams were large, and the ideas wild\", but noted that although the novel \"pays respectful homage to, and has fun with, the now classic detective murder mystery\", it is not \"a noir novel in the classic sense \". Tor.com's Niall Alexander however, felt it to be \"middling\", with a \"morally abhorrent\" setting and \"too much (...) meandering misdirection\", and","psg_id":"20090016"},{"title":"Vintage Crime/Black Lizard","text":"Vintage Crime/Black Lizard Vintage Crime/Black Lizard is the corporate amalgamation of Random House's Vintage Crime, and Random House's 1990 acquisition, Black Lizard, a major publisher of classic crime fiction. Vintage Crime/Black Lizard was founded in June 1990 after Random House's acquisition of Black Lizard, the publishing company created by Donald S. Ellis and Barry Gifford. Before the acquisition Vintage Books was publishing the work of American mystery-authors such as Dashiell Hammett, James M. Cain and Raymond Chandler under Vintage Crime. As a result of the unification Random House came into the possession of the literature of Jim Thompson, and David","psg_id":"15707130"},{"title":"Mark Hammett","text":"only getting as high as seventh on the table; in 2014 Super Rugby season. In April 2014 Hammett indicated he would not be seeking to renew his contract when it expired at the end of the 2014 season. On 18 May 2014, Hammett was named Director of Rugby for Wales-based team Cardiff Blues, working alongside Dale McIntosh and Paul John. The Mark Hammett era was a slow start, losing both the pre-season friendlies. However, the first round saw Cardiff defeat Zebre 41–26. Despite only winning one game in his first competitive 6 games, Hammett lead Cardiff to a surprise victory","psg_id":"9592847"},{"title":"Secret Agent X-9","text":"\"Hammett: A Life on the Edge.\" In 1990, Kitchen Sink Press did a single volume reprint () of the Hammett/Raymond work on the strip. \"Comics Revue\" magazine has reprinted many of the George Evans and Goodwin/Williamson strips. From 2010 to 2013, IDW's imprint Library of American Comics published the Archie Goodwin/Al Williamson strips complete in five volumes. A sixth volume collected strips by George Evans. In 2015, IDW published a volume with the Hammett/Raymond strips. Secret Agent X-9 Secret Agent X-9 was a comic strip created by writer Dashiell Hammett (\"The Maltese Falcon\") and artist Alex Raymond (\"Flash Gordon\"). Syndicated","psg_id":"5996122"},{"title":"Hotel Union Square","text":"the 1950s, the hotel was renamed the Golden State Hotel. Personality Hotels purchased the building in the early 1980s and in 1985 reopened it after refurbishment as Hotel Union Square. It was extensively renovated in 2008, when a Dashiell Hammett Suite was created in Room 505. The interior design is by Colum McCartan, along with Lisa Sayed, partner of the hotel interior design company Sisterhood of the Traveling Hotels, who designed the Ring In the Kids Suite. Lisa Compagno designed the Dashiell Hammett Suite. There are 131 guest rooms and suites. Dashiell Hammett and Lillian Hellman may have conducted much","psg_id":"10937648"},{"title":"Dashiell Hammett","text":"who was chairman, Robert W. Dunn, and Frederick Vanderbilt Field, \"millionaire Communist supporter.\" On April 3, 1947, the CRC was identified as a Communist front group on the Attorney General's List of Subversive Organizations, as directed by U.S. President Harry S. Truman's Executive Order 9835. The CRC's bail fund gained national attention on November 4, 1949, when bail in the amount of \"$260,000 in negotiable government bonds\" was posted \"to free eleven men appealing their convictions under the Smith Act for criminal conspiracy to teach and advocate the overthrow of the United States government by force and violence.\" On July","psg_id":"1292549"},{"title":"The Glass Key","text":"The Glass Key The Glass Key is a novel by American writer Dashiell Hammett. It was first published as a serial in \"Black Mask\" magazine in 1930, then was collected in 1931 (in London; the American edition followed 3 months later) It tells the story of a gambler and racketeer, Ned Beaumont, whose devotion to Paul Madvig, a crooked political boss, leads him to investigate the murder of a local senator's son as a potential gang war brews. Hammett dedicated the novel to his onetime lover Nell Martin. There have been two US film adaptations (1935 and 1942) of the","psg_id":"5155925"},{"title":"Maltese Falcon Society","text":"Maltese Falcon Society The Maltese Falcon Society is an organization for admirers of Dashiell Hammett, his novel \"The Maltese Falcon,\" and hardboiled mystery books and writers in general. Founded in San Francisco in 1981, the organization is no longer active in the United States; however, a chapter in Japan has been active continuously since 1982. The Japanese branch of the society presents the Falcon Award, Japan's highest honor in the mystery field, to honor the best hardboiled mystery novel published in Japan. The Maltese Falcon Society was founded in San Francisco on May 20, 1981 by literary historian and biographer","psg_id":"13222430"},{"title":"Doug Dashiell","text":"Doug Dashiell Douglas Dashiell (July 14, 1905 – April 1975) was an American college football coach and United States Army Air Forces and Air Force officer. He served as the head coach at the University of Nevada, Reno from 1936 to 1938. He amassed an 8–13–1 record during his tenure. Dashiell was born on July 14, 1905 and attended Las Vegas High School. He attended college at Southwestern University in Georgetown, Texas, where he played on the football team. In December 1935, the University of Nevada, Reno hired Dashiell as the head coach of its football team. He held that","psg_id":"15198977"},{"title":"Mark Hammett","text":"inaugural Super 12, finishing in last place. The 1997 season went better for Hammett; the Crusaders finished sixth, and the Canterbury provincial team won the National Provincial Championship (NPC) after beating Counties in the final. Although Hammett was receiving more and more game time, he still only participated in the NPC final as a replacement. Hammett started regularly for both Canterbury, and the Crusaders in 1998, with the latter he won his first Super 12 title. The 1998 Super 12 final was played against the Blues at Eden Park; Hammett said of the match \"If we'd been polled in that","psg_id":"9592838"},{"title":"William Robert Dashiell","text":"1939. William Robert Dashiell William Robert Dashiell (3 April 1863 – 16 March 1939) was a United States military officer. He notably participated in the Philippine–American War and World War I. Dashiell was born Mecklenburg County, Virginia on 3 April 1863. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1888, where he was a classmate of Peyton C. March. Dashiell later graduated from the Army School of the Line (1909) and the Army War College (1915). After graduation, Dashiell was commissioned Second Lieutenant with the 8th Infantry Regiment at Fort D. A. Russell in Wyoming. He","psg_id":"20640232"},{"title":"William Robert Dashiell","text":"William Robert Dashiell William Robert Dashiell (3 April 1863 – 16 March 1939) was a United States military officer. He notably participated in the Philippine–American War and World War I. Dashiell was born Mecklenburg County, Virginia on 3 April 1863. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1888, where he was a classmate of Peyton C. March. Dashiell later graduated from the Army School of the Line (1909) and the Army War College (1915). After graduation, Dashiell was commissioned Second Lieutenant with the 8th Infantry Regiment at Fort D. A. Russell in Wyoming. He took","psg_id":"20640228"},{"title":"Mark Hammett","text":"series. Crusaders \"(as assistant coach)\" Mark Hammett Mark Garry 'Hammer' Hammett (born 13 July 1972) is a New Zealand rugby union coach and former player. Having represented Canterbury provincially 76 times, and the Crusaders 81 times and the All Blacks 30 times – including 29 Test matches, Hammett later went on to coach both Canterbury and Crusaders as a forwards/assistant coach. He is currently on the assistant coach of the in Super Rugby and the Tasman Makos in the Mitre 10 Cup. Hammett first represented New Zealand, while he was a pupil at St Thomas of Canterbury College, when selected","psg_id":"9592851"},{"title":"Mark Hammett","text":"Mark Hammett Mark Garry 'Hammer' Hammett (born 13 July 1972) is a New Zealand rugby union coach and former player. Having represented Canterbury provincially 76 times, and the Crusaders 81 times and the All Blacks 30 times – including 29 Test matches, Hammett later went on to coach both Canterbury and Crusaders as a forwards/assistant coach. He is currently on the assistant coach of the in Super Rugby and the Tasman Makos in the Mitre 10 Cup. Hammett first represented New Zealand, while he was a pupil at St Thomas of Canterbury College, when selected for the New Zealand Under","psg_id":"9592836"},{"title":"What Was Lost","text":"Was Lost\" was the winner in the first novel category of the Costa Book Awards. O'Flynn received a £5,000 prize. It was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. The Costa Book Awards' judging panel, chaired by Joanna Trollope, praised the novel for \"blending humour and pathos in a cleverly constructed and absorbing mystery.\" They described the novel as inventive, compelling, and poignant. \"What Was Lost\" was long-listed for the 2007 Man Booker Prize and the Orange Prize for Fiction. It was short-listed for the Guardian First Book Award. It won the Jelf Group First Novel Award","psg_id":"11413540"},{"title":"Frederic Forrest","text":"the Heart\" (1982), \"Hammett\" (1982) and \"\" (1988). Other credits include \"The Missouri Breaks\" (1976), \"The Two Jakes\" (1990) and \"Falling Down\" (1993), along with the television series \"21 Jump Street\", \"Lonesome Dove\" and \"Die Kinder\". Forrest was born in Waxahachie, Texas, the son of Virginia Allie (née McSpadden) and Frederic Fenimore Forrest, a furniture store owner. He is known for his roles as Chef in \"Apocalypse Now\", \"When The Legends Die\", \"It Lives Again\", the neo-Nazi surplus store owner in \"Falling Down\", \"Right to Kill?\" and for playing the writer Dashiell Hammett twice in film — in \"Hammett\" (1982)","psg_id":"4053455"},{"title":"USS Dashiell (DD-659)","text":"II service. USS Dashiell (DD-659) USS \"Dashiell\" (DD-659) was a destroyer of the United States Navy, named for Robert B. Dashiell (1860–1899). \"Dashiell\" was launched 6 February 1943 by Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., Kearny, N.J.. sponsored by Mrs. R. B. Dashiell, widow of Assistant Naval Constructor Dashiell; and commissioned 20 March 1943, Commander J. B. McLean in command. \"Dashiell\" arrived at Pearl Harbor 24 July 1943 to join the Fast Carrier Task Forces for the raids on Marcus Island of 31 August to 1 September; Tarawa, 18–20 September; and Wake Island, 5–6 October. Arriving at Efate, New Hebrides,","psg_id":"6479720"},{"title":"USS Dashiell (DD-659)","text":"USS Dashiell (DD-659) USS \"Dashiell\" (DD-659) was a destroyer of the United States Navy, named for Robert B. Dashiell (1860–1899). \"Dashiell\" was launched 6 February 1943 by Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., Kearny, N.J.. sponsored by Mrs. R. B. Dashiell, widow of Assistant Naval Constructor Dashiell; and commissioned 20 March 1943, Commander J. B. McLean in command. \"Dashiell\" arrived at Pearl Harbor 24 July 1943 to join the Fast Carrier Task Forces for the raids on Marcus Island of 31 August to 1 September; Tarawa, 18–20 September; and Wake Island, 5–6 October. Arriving at Efate, New Hebrides, 5 November,","psg_id":"6479712"},{"title":"Jeremiah Dashiell House","text":"Jeremiah Dashiell House The Jeremiah Dashiell House is located in the Bexar County city of San Antonio in the U.S. state of Texas. Also known as Casa Villita, it was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.under that name in 1962. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Bexar County, Texas as a contributing structure of the La Villita Historic District. This two-story limestone house fronts the San Antonio River Walk and was built c1850 by contractor J.H. Kampmann. The San Antonio Conservation Society (SACS) acquired the property in 1942 and did a restoration. Between 1953","psg_id":"16794062"},{"title":"Kirk Hammett","text":"said \"I want your bunk\", to which Hammett complied, saying that he might be able to sleep better in the front of the bus anyway. In the early hours of the following morning, Metallica's tour bus slid off the road and overturned in Sweden. Burton was thrown through the window of the bus, which fell on top of Burton and subsequently killed him. Hammett has stated in an interview that he once thought that it easily could've been him who was killed instead, since Burton was sleeping in what was considered to be Hammett's bunk. In Kirk's own words \"You","psg_id":"228306"},{"title":"Cornell Woolrich","text":"Cornell Woolrich Cornell George Hopley-Woolrich (December 4, 1903 – September 25, 1968) was an American novelist and short story writer who wrote using the name Cornell Woolrich, and sometimes the pseudonyms William Irish and George Hopley. His biographer, Francis Nevins Jr., rated Woolrich the fourth best crime writer of his day, behind Dashiell Hammett, Erle Stanley Gardner and Raymond Chandler. A check of film titles reveals that more film noir screenplays were adapted from works by Woolrich than any other crime novelist, and many of his stories were adapted during the 1940s for \"Suspense\" and other dramatic radio programs. Woolrich","psg_id":"1664831"},{"title":"Maltese Falcon Society","text":"winning author receives a certificate of merit and a falcon sculpture crafted in wood. Maltese Falcon Society The Maltese Falcon Society is an organization for admirers of Dashiell Hammett, his novel \"The Maltese Falcon,\" and hardboiled mystery books and writers in general. Founded in San Francisco in 1981, the organization is no longer active in the United States; however, a chapter in Japan has been active continuously since 1982. The Japanese branch of the society presents the Falcon Award, Japan's highest honor in the mystery field, to honor the best hardboiled mystery novel published in Japan. The Maltese Falcon Society","psg_id":"13222435"},{"title":"Robert B. Dashiell","text":"been in the forefront of naval ordnance development and testing for the United States. He served as Inspector in Charge of Ordnance there from 1890 to 1893. An inventor of important ordnance mechanisms and an authority on dock construction, he was commissioned Assistant Naval Constructor and served in his specialty until his death in Washington, D.C., . In 1943, the destroyer USS \"Dashiell\" (DD-659) was named in his honor.The USS Dashiell was commissioned 20 March 1943. Robert B. Dashiell Robert Brooke Dashiell ( – ) was an officer in the United States Navy who was noted for his technical expertise.","psg_id":"6478021"},{"title":"Bianca Hammett","text":"Bianca Hammett Bianca Hammett (born 12 September 1990) is an Australian synchronized swimmer. Taking up the sport at the age of eight and joining Australia's National Team in 2006, Hammett has represented Australia internationally in synchronised swimming since 2007. Hammett is a dual Olympian, having competed for Australia at the 2012 Summer Olympics, held in London, and the 2016 Summer Olympics, held in Rio de Janeiro. Hammett has also competed for Australia at the 2007, 2011, 2013 and 2015 World Aquatics Championships. Nicknamed B and Yanks, Hammett was born on 12 September 1990 in Warrnambool. She attended Calamvale State School","psg_id":"16644032"},{"title":"What a Beautiful Name","text":"What a Beautiful Name \"What a Beautiful Name\" is a song by Australian praise and worship group Hillsong Worship. The song, written and led by Brooke Ligertwood and co-written with Ben Fielding, refers to the promise of salvation through Jesus Christ as represented by His Holy Name. The \"genre-smashing single\" contributed to Hillsong being named \"Billboard\"s Top Christian Artist of 2017. \"What a Beautiful Name\" won two Dove Awards for Song of the Year and Worship Song of the Year in 2017. It won the 2018 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song. \"What a Beautiful Name\" was released","psg_id":"19789527"},{"title":"Kirk Hammett","text":"hoax. Hammett is known for always having his picking hand taped to protect his skin due to his habit of palm muting and fast picking during lengthy tours. Hammett's use of the wah-pedal hadn't been featured in recent Metallica solos, but has seen a resurgence in his solos on the 2008 album \"Death Magnetic\", in songs like \"The Unforgiven III.\" Kirk Hammett's tour guitars : On the 25th anniversary of Metallica's debut album \"Kill 'Em All\", Hammett appears on the cover of Feb. 2008's \"Guitar World\" sporting his new custom ESP. This model is the KH20, the 20th anniversary model","psg_id":"228322"},{"title":"Seth Hammett","text":"of the Covington County Chamber of Commerce. In 1983 he founded First National Bank of Andalusia (now Wells Fargo). He has since served in numerous business and community positions, most notably returning to Lurleen B. Wallace Community College as its president from 1991 to 2002. In 2002, Hammett was appointed Vice President of Business Development for SouthTrust Bank. In 2004, he was appointed Director of Economic Development for the Alabama Electric Cooperative. Since 2014, Hammett has served as Vice President of Business Development for PowerSouth Energy Cooperative and chairman of the Energy Institute of Alabama. Hammett continues to reside in","psg_id":"7017492"},{"title":"Bianca Hammett","text":"held in Shanghai, China, served as the 2012 Olympic qualifying event for the team. Her team finished 18th in the technical team portion and 17th in the Free Team event. Hammett was selected to represent Australia at the 2012 Summer Olympics in synchronised swimming. Hammett competed in the team event with Eloise Amberger, Jenny-Lyn Anderson, Sarah Bombell, Olga Burtaev, Tamika Domrow, Tarren Otte, Francesca Owen and Samantha Reid, finishing in eighth place overall. The 2012 Games were her first. In 2013, Hammett was selected to compete at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships held in Barcelona. Competing alongside Olga Burtaev in","psg_id":"16644036"},{"title":"Russell DaShiell","text":"Rick Jaeger became The Beau Gentry in 1965; The band evolved into Crowfoot and relocated to San Francisco. DaShiell also began working as a session guitarist, playing on A.B. Skhy's 1969 debut album, and going on to play in Harvey Mandel's band. He also played on Norman Greenbaum's \"Spirit in the Sky\" album, including the chart-topping title track, and went on to tour with Greenbaum and play on his next two albums. His success prompted him to revive Crowfoot, although the band's self-titled 1970 album was largely a DaShiell solo effort, as was its 1971 follow-up \"Find the Sun\". DaShiell","psg_id":"17397756"},{"title":"Dashiell Eaves","text":"production of \"Hans Christian Andersen\" at A.C.T. in San Francisco. He was also in the first developmental production of \"The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee\" at Barrington Stage Company, playing the role of Mitch the \"Comfort Counselor\". Eaves' screen credits include \"The Good Wife\", \"Blue Bloods\" episode \"Baggage\" and \"\" episode \"\" with Bill Irwin and Liza Minnelli. Other TV and film work includes Luc Besson's \"Arthur and the Invisibles\" III, Jonathan Demme's \"Beloved\", the HBO film \"Stomp Out Loud\", and Third Watch. Dashiell Eaves Dashiell Eaves is an American actor. He lives in New York City. Eaves began","psg_id":"9519974"},{"title":"Kirk Hammett","text":"1979, he formed the band Exodus at the age of sixteen, along with vocalist Paul Baloff, guitarist Gary Holt, bassist Geoff Andrews, and drummer Tom Hunting. Hammett named Exodus after the Leon Uris novel of the same name, and played on the band's \"1982 Demo\". Exodus was an influential band in the Bay Area thrash movement. In May 1983, Metallica traveled to Rochester, New York to record its debut album, \"Metal Up Your Ass\". Due to the lead guitarist's (Dave Mustaine) substance abuse and violent tendencies, he was fired from the band, and would eventually form the band Megadeth. Hammett","psg_id":"228302"},{"title":"The House in Turk Street","text":"Op is given a cup of tea and a cigar, but his interview of the Quarres is suddenly interrupted by a man with a gun, who believes he is the target of the Op's search. The Op is bound and gagged, but overhears the aftermath of a plot to steal $100,000 in bonds, as the conspirators try to decide what to do with him. The House in Turk Street \"The House in Turk Street\" is an early short story by Dashiell Hammett, featuring the Continental Op. It was first published in \"Black Mask\" in April 1924. This story indicates Hammett","psg_id":"17192178"},{"title":"Frances Goodrich","text":"1917 (divorced 1923), the writer H.W. Van Loon in 1927 (divorced 1930), and Albert Hackett in 1931. Goodrich and Hackett remained married until her death. Not long after marrying Hackett, the couple went to Hollywood in the late 1920s to write the screenplay for their stage success \"Up Pops the Devil\" for Paramount Pictures. In 1933 they signed a contract with MGM and remained with them until 1939. Among their earliest assignments was writing the screenplay for \"The Thin Man\" (1934). They were encouraged by the director W. S. Van Dyke to use the writing of Dashiell Hammett as a","psg_id":"4513291"},{"title":"Locked-room mystery","text":"period were Fredric Brown, Paul Chadwick and, to a certain extent, Cornell Woolrich, although these writers tended to rarely use the Private Eye protagonists that many associate with pulp fiction. Quite a few comic book impossible crimes seem to draw on the \"weird menace\" tradition of the pulps. However, celebrated writers such as G. K. Chesterton, Arthur Conan Doyle, Clayton Rawson, and Sax Rohmer have had their works adapted to comic book form. In 1934, Dashiell Hammett created the comic strip \"Secret Agent X9\", illustrated by Alex Raymond, which contained a locked-room episode, albeit a rather feeble one. One American","psg_id":"1473906"},{"title":"The Thin Man (TV series)","text":"Sony's getTV in March 2016. The Thin Man (TV series) The Thin Man is a half-hour weekly television series based on the mystery novel \"The Thin Man\" (1933) by Dashiell Hammett. The 72 episodes were produced by MGM Television and broadcast by NBC for two seasons from 1957–1959 on Friday evening. It was the first TV series produced by MGM. The series starred Peter Lawford and Phyllis Kirk as Nick and Nora Charles. The dog, Asta, was played by three identical wire-hair terriers. Jack Albertson, Patricia Donahue, and Nita Talbot had recurring roles during the show's second season. Albertson played","psg_id":"8611207"},{"title":"The Thin Man (TV series)","text":"The Thin Man (TV series) The Thin Man is a half-hour weekly television series based on the mystery novel \"The Thin Man\" (1933) by Dashiell Hammett. The 72 episodes were produced by MGM Television and broadcast by NBC for two seasons from 1957–1959 on Friday evening. It was the first TV series produced by MGM. The series starred Peter Lawford and Phyllis Kirk as Nick and Nora Charles. The dog, Asta, was played by three identical wire-hair terriers. Jack Albertson, Patricia Donahue, and Nita Talbot had recurring roles during the show's second season. Albertson played Lieutenant Harry Evans of the","psg_id":"8611204"},{"title":"Mark Dawidziak","text":"Ohio). His play \"The Mystery of Dashiell Hammett\" was premiered as part of Big Read initiative at Hiram College in 2009. His other plays include a two-act adaptation of Dickens' \"A Christmas Carol\" for three actors. Dawidziak currently is teaching part-time as an adjunct professor at Kent State University, in addition to writing for \"The Plain Dealer\". He teaches the Reviewing Film and Television and Vampires in Film and Television courses. His first class was in the spring of 2009. He frequently lectures and gives talks on Mark Twain, Charles Dickens, television and vampires. On October 23, 2009, Dawidziak appeared","psg_id":"13917871"},{"title":"Seth Hammett","text":"Seth Hammett Seth Hammett (born June 24, 1946) is an American educator, politician, and economic development professional who was a member of the Alabama House of Representatives from 1979 to 2011. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as Speaker of the Alabama House of Representatives from 2001 to 2010. Hammett did not seek reelection in 2010. Following his retirement, Hammett was selected by Republican Governor Robert Bentley to serve as Director of the Alabama Development Office, now known as the Alabama Department of Commerce. Hammett later served as Governor Bentley's chief of staff from 2014 to 2015. As","psg_id":"7017490"},{"title":"What Was Lost","text":"by night — crowded with shoppers during the day, but empty and bleak at night. She found ideas for her book from her job in the Merry Hill Shopping Centre near Dudley in the West Midlands. \"What Was Lost\" was rejected by 20 agents and publishers before being accepted for publication by Tindal Street Press, a small Birmingham publisher. \"What Was Lost\" is a mystery story about a missing girl. It is also a portrait of a changing community over twenty years. It examines modern life's emptiness, and society's obsession with shopping. \"What Was Lost\" is set in the city","psg_id":"11413537"},{"title":"Death Is a Lonely Business","text":"series of eccentric characters in the forgotten town. The books biography lists this as Bradbury's first novel since \"Something Wicked This Way Comes\", although the young adult novel \"The Halloween Tree\" was published later. It evokes both the milieu and style of other mystery writers Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett, James M. Cain, and Ross Macdonald, all of whom Bradbury names in the book's dedication, and James Crumley, after whom Bradbury named his detective. Yet the main character is undoubtedly Bradbury himself, portrayed in a period of his life just before his marriage and his success with \"The Martian Chronicles\". Two","psg_id":"4609368"},{"title":"The Maltese Falcon (novel)","text":"The Maltese Falcon (novel) The Maltese Falcon is a 1930 detective novel by American writer Dashiell Hammett, originally serialized in the magazine \"Black Mask\" beginning with the September 1929 issue. The story is told entirely in external third-person narrative; there is no description whatever of any character's internal thoughts or feelings, only what they say and do, and how they look. The novel has been adapted several times for the cinema. The main character, Sam Spade (who also appeared later in some lesser-known short stories), was a departure from Hammett's nameless detective, The Continental Op. Spade combined several features of","psg_id":"708363"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"Dashiell Hammett Samuel Dashiell Hammett (; May 27, 1894 – January 10, 1961) was an American author of hard-boiled detective novels and short stories. He was also a screenwriter and political activist. Among the enduring characters he created are Sam Spade (\\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\"), Nick and Nora Charles (\\\"The Thin Man\\\"), and the Continental Op (\\\"Red Harvest\\\" and \\\"The Dain Curse\\\"). Hammett \\\"is now widely regarded as one of the finest mystery writers of all time\\\". In his obituary in \\\"The New York Times\\\", he was described as \\\"the dean of the... 'hard-boiled' school of detective fiction.\\\" \\\"Time\\\" magazine included\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1292537\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"Hammett's 1929 novel \\\"Red Harvest\\\" on its list of the 100 best English-language novels published between 1923 and 2005. His novels and stories also had a significant influence on films, including the genres of private-eye/detective fiction, mystery thrillers, and film-noir. Hammett was born on a farm in Saint Mary's County, Maryland. His parents were Richard Thomas Hammett and Anne Bond Dashiell; his mother belonged to an old Maryland family, whose name in French was De Chiel. He had an older sister, Aronia, and a younger brother, Richard, Jr. Known as Sam, Hammett was baptized a Catholic, and grew up in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1292538\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"Davis as Hellman. The Continental Op Sam Spade Nick and Nora Charles In 2011, magazine editor Andrew Gulli found fifteen previously unknown short stories by Dashiell Hammett in the archives of the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas in Austin. Dashiell Hammett Samuel Dashiell Hammett (; May 27, 1894 – January 10, 1961) was an American author of hard-boiled detective novels and short stories. He was also a screenwriter and political activist. Among the enduring characters he created are Sam Spade (\\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\"), Nick and Nora Charles (\\\"The Thin Man\\\"), and the Continental Op (\\\"Red Harvest\\\" and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1292556\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hammett (film)\",\n \"text\": \"Hammett (film) Hammett is a 1982 mystery film directed by Wim Wenders and executive produced by Francis Ford Coppola. The screenplay was written by Ross Thomas and Dennis O'Flaherty, based on the novel of the same name by Joe Gores. It stars Frederic Forrest as detective story writer Dashiell Hammett, who gets caught up in a mystery very much like one of his own stories. Marilu Henner plays Hammett's neighbor, Kit Conger, and Peter Boyle plays Jimmy Ryan, an old friend from Hammett's days as a Pinkerton agent. The film was entered into the 1982 Cannes Film Festival. San Francisco-based\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6824407\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hammett (film)\",\n \"text\": \"A number of actors from the \\\"Golden Age\\\" of Hollywood were cast in the film, including Hank Worden, Royal Dano, and Elisha Cook, Jr. (who played Wilmer \\\"the gunsel\\\" in John Huston's 1941 film \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\"). Hammett (film) Hammett is a 1982 mystery film directed by Wim Wenders and executive produced by Francis Ford Coppola. The screenplay was written by Ross Thomas and Dennis O'Flaherty, based on the novel of the same name by Joe Gores. It stars Frederic Forrest as detective story writer Dashiell Hammett, who gets caught up in a mystery very much like one of his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6824412\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine\",\n \"text\": \"quarterly, and thanks to its popularity, it went bimonthly in the following year and finally went monthly in 1946. Just like'\\\" Mystery League\\\", the first issue of \\\"EQMM\\\" contained 7 complete mystery stories from Dashiell Hammett, Margery Ellingham, T.S. Stribling, Anthony Abbot, Cornell Woolrich, Fredrick Hazlitt Brennan and Ellery Queen himself. Dannay admitted in his message to readers that “This first issue is frankly experimental. Our belief that a large public exists which impatiently awaits such publication can only be confirmed by that public.” In sharp contrary to\\\" Mystery League\\\"’s failure, the first issue is enthusiastically welcomed by the public,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3031345\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Leslie S. Klinger\",\n \"text\": \"was published by Pegasus in January 2018. At present, Klinger is completing the first of a new series of annotated mysteries for Pegasus Books. The first volume, \\\"Classic Crime Fiction of the 1920's\\\", includes \\\"House Without a Key\\\" (the first Charlie Chan novel by Earl Derr Biggers), \\\"Red Harvest\\\" (the first novel-length Continental Op mystery by Dashiell Hammett), \\\"The Roman Hat Mystery\\\" (the first Ellery Queen novel), \\\"The Benson Murder Case\\\" (the first Philo Vance novel by S. S. Van Dine), and \\\"Little Caesar\\\" by W. R. Burnett, the basis for the first great gangster film. The book is due\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12703852\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"something to have afterwards.\\\" Hammett died in Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan on January 10, 1961, of lung cancer, diagnosed just two months before. As a veteran of two world wars, he was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Hammett's relationship with Lillian Hellman was portrayed in the film \\\"Julia\\\". Jason Robards won an Oscar for his depiction of Hammett, and Jane Fonda was nominated for her portrayal of Lillian Hellman. Frederic Forrest portrayed Hammett semifictionally as the protagonist in the 1982 film \\\"Hammett\\\". Sam Shepard played Hammett in the 1999 Emmy-nominated biographical television film \\\"Dash and Lilly\\\" along with Judy\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1292555\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hammett (film)\",\n \"text\": \"Dashiell Hammett, trying to put his Pinkerton detective days behind him while establishing himself as a writer, finds himself drawn back into his old life one last time by the irresistible call of friendship and to honor a debt. In 1928, Hammett, known to his librarian neighbor Kit and other acquaintances as \\\"Sam,\\\" is holed up in a cheap apartment, hard at work at his typewriter each day. He drinks heavily, smokes too much and has coughing fits. One day, a friend and mentor from his Pinkerton days, Jimmy Ryan, turns up with a request, that Hammett help him track\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6824408\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"the hearing, Hammett refused to provide the information the government wanted, specifically the list of contributors to the bail fund, \\\"people who might be sympathetic enough to harbor the fugitives.\\\" Instead, on every question regarding the CRC or the bail fund, Hammett declined to answer, citing the Fifth Amendment, refusing to even identify his signature or initials on CRC documents the government had subpoenaed. As soon as his testimony concluded, Hammett was found guilty of contempt of court. Hammett served time in a West Virginia federal penitentiary, where according to Lillian Hellman, he was assigned to clean toilets. Hellman noted\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1292551\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"daughters with the income he made from his writing. Hammett was first published in 1922 in the magazine \\\"The Smart Set\\\". Known for the authenticity and realism of his writing, he drew on his experiences as a Pinkerton operative. Hammett wrote most of his detective fiction while he was living in San Francisco in the 1920s; streets and other locations in San Francisco are frequently mentioned in his stories. He said that \\\"All my characters were based on people I've known personally, or known about.\\\" His novels were some of the first to use dialogue that sounded authentic to the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1292541\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"in her eulogy of Hammett that he submitted to prison rather than reveal the names of the contributors to the fund because \\\"he had come to the conclusion that a man should keep his word.\\\" During the 1950s, Hammett was investigated by Congress. He testified on March 26, 1953, before the House Un-American Activities Committee about his own activities, but refused to cooperate with the committee. No official action was taken, but his stand led to his being blacklisted, along with others who were blacklisted as a result of McCarthyism. Hammett became an alcoholic before working in advertising, and alcoholism\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1292552\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Maltese Falcon Society\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Success to crime.\\\" William Nadel of the New York chapter conducted a Dashiell Hammett/\\\"Thin Man\\\" walking tour of Manhattan. Founded by mystery writer Jiro Kimura, the Japanese chapter produced a newsletter called \\\"The Maltese Falcon Flyer\\\" ten times a year, and in 1983 began to present the annual Falcon Award. Co-founder Herron began to conduct the Dashiell Hammett Tour in San Francisco, the longest running literary tour in the United States. The San Francisco chapter meetings heard presentations by mystery novelists Julie Smith, Charles Willeford, Stephen Greenleaf, and Joe Gores. Other speakers included Hammett biographers Diane Johnson and William F.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13222432\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"He wrote scenes that seemed never to have been written before. In 1929 and 1930, he was romantically involved with Nell Martin, a writer of short stories and several novels. He dedicated \\\"The Glass Key\\\" to her, and in turn, she dedicated her novel \\\"Lovers Should Marry\\\" to him. In 1931, Hammett embarked on a 30-year romantic relationship with the playwright Lillian Hellman. Though he sporadically continued to work on material, he wrote his final novel in 1934, more than 25 years before his death. Why he moved away from fiction is not certain; Hellman speculated in a posthumous collection\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1292543\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"era. \\\"I distrust a man that says when. If he's got to be careful not to drink too much, it's because he's not to be trusted when he does\\\". Raymond Chandler, often considered Hammett's successor, summarized his accomplishments in \\\"The Simple Art of Murder\\\": Hammett was the ace performer... He is said to have lacked heart; yet the story he himself thought the most of, \\\"The Glass Key\\\", is the record of a man's devotion to a friend. He was spare, frugal, hard-boiled, but he did over and over again what only the best writers can ever do at all.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1292542\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"Henry W. Hall. While in the Aleutians, he developed emphysema. After the war, Hammett returned to political activism, \\\"but he played that role with less fervour than before.\\\" He was elected president of the Civil Rights Congress (CRC) on June 5, 1946, at a meeting held at the Hotel Diplomat in New York City, and \\\"devoted the largest portion of his working time to CRC activities\\\". In 1946, a bail fund was created by the CRC \\\"to be used at the discretion of three trustees to gain the release of defendants arrested for political reasons.\\\" Those three trustees were Hammett,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1292548\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"of Hammett's novels, \\\"I think, but I only think, I know a few of the reasons: he wanted to do new kind of work, he was sick for many of those years and getting sicker.\\\" In the 1940s, Hellman and he lived at her farm, Hardscrabble Farm, in Pleasantville, New York. Hammett devoted much of his life to left-wing activism. He was a strong antifascist throughout the 1930s, and in 1937 joined the Communist Party. On May 1, 1935, Hammett joined the League of American Writers (1935-1943), whose members included Lillian Hellman, Alexander Trachtenberg of International Publishers, Frank Folsom, Louis\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1292544\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"his time in the Army as a patient at Cushman Hospital in Tacoma, Washington, where he met a nurse, Josephine Dolan, whom he married on July 7, 1921, in San Francisco. Hammett and Dolan had two daughters, Mary Jane (born 1921) and Josephine (born 1926). Shortly after the birth of their second child, health services nurses informed Dolan that due to Hammett's TB, the children and she should not live with him full-time. Dolan rented a home in San Francisco, where Hammett would visit on weekends. The marriage soon fell apart, but he continued to financially support his wife and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1292540\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mystery film\",\n \"text\": \"as his carefree wife \\\"Nora\\\" in the \\\"Thin Man\\\" series. Six films in all were produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer from 1934 to 1947. Based on \\\"The Thin Man\\\" novel by Dashiell Hammett, these were witty, sophisticated romps that combined elements of the screwball comedy film within a complex murder mystery plot. In the middle of this series, RKO hired Powell and Jean Arthur for \\\"The Ex-Mrs. Bradford\\\" (1936), a breezy comedy-mystery that successfully replicated MGM's \\\"Thin Man\\\" formula. Warner Brothers responded with a similar comedy, \\\"Footsteps in the Dark\\\" (1941), with Errol Flynn playing a married stockbroker who leads a double\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2840185\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kirk Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"second annual \\\"Fear FestEvil\\\" took place between April 10–12, 2015, at the \\\"Rockbar Theater\\\" in San Jose, California. Meshuggah headlined the event, whilst High on Fire, Blues Pills, Agnostic Front, and Asada Messiah also made appearances. Orchid also made a second appearance at the \\\"Fear FestEvil\\\". On April 10, VIP's were able to attend the \\\"Dinner and Murder Mystery\\\" - along with Hammett - at the Winchester Mystery House. Hammett has been married twice. His first marriage to Rebecca lasted three years, having ended in 1990, during the recording of \\\"The Black Album\\\". Hammett has been married to his second\",\n \"psg_id\": \"228319\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"He may have meant to start a new literary life with the novel \\\"Tulip\\\", but left it unfinished, perhaps because he was \\\"just too ill to care, too worn out to listen to plans or read contracts. The fact of breathing, just breathing, took up all the days and nights.\\\" Hammett could no longer live alone, and they both knew it, so he spent the last four years of his life with Hellman. \\\"Not all of that time was easy, and some of it very bad\\\", she wrote, but, \\\"guessing death was not too far away, I would try for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1292554\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"attack on Pearl Harbor, Hammett again enlisted in the United States Army. He was a disabled veteran of World War I, a victim of tuberculosis, and a Communist, but he pulled strings to be admitted. However, biographer Diane Johnson suggests that confusion over Hammett's forenames was the reason he was able to re-enlist. He served as a sergeant in the Aleutian Islands, where he edited an Army newspaper entitled \\\"The Adakian\\\". In 1943, while still a member of the military, he co-authored \\\"The Battle of the Aleutians\\\" with Cpl. Robert Colodny, under the direction of an infantry intelligence officer, Major\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1292547\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"Philadelphia and Baltimore. He left school when he was 13 years old and held several jobs before working for the Pinkerton National Detective Agency. He served as an operative for Pinkerton from 1915 to February 1922, with time off to serve in World War I. While at Pinkerton, he was sent to Butte, Montana, during the union strikes. The agency's role in union strike-breaking eventually left him disillusioned. Hammett enlisted in the Army in 1918 and served in the Motor Ambulance Corps. He was afflicted during that time with the Spanish flu and later contracted tuberculosis. He spent most of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1292539\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"continued to trouble him until 1948, when he quit after his doctor's orders. However, years of heavy drinking and smoking worsened the tuberculosis he contracted in World War I, and then according to Hellman, \\\"jail had made a thin man thinner, a sick man sicker ... I knew he would now always be sick.\\\" Hellman wrote that during the 1950s, Hammett became \\\"a hermit\\\", his decline evident in the clutter of his rented \\\"ugly little country cottage\\\", where \\\"signs of sickness were all around: now the phonograph was unplayed, the typewriter untouched, the beloved foolish gadgets unopened in their packages.\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1292553\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mystery film\",\n \"text\": \"based on the novels of Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler, and an ensuing slew of imitators were adapted to film. With the onset of World War II, crime films and melodramas in particular suddenly took on a dark mood of cynicism and despair that had not existed in the optimistic 1930s. Eventually, this cycle of films (which cuts across several genres) would be called film noir by French film critics. Pessimistic, unheroic stories about greed, lust, and cruelty became central to the mystery genre. Grim, violent films featuring cynical, trenchcoat-wearing private detectives who were almost as ruthless as the criminals they\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2840188\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stephen Talbot\",\n \"text\": \"his wife, Pippa Gordon, a medical social worker. They have a son, Dashiell, and a daughter, Caitlin. They named their son Dashiell, now a deputy counsel for the County of Los Angeles, after San Francisco mystery writer Dashiell Hammett. His daughter, Caitlin, is an actress and yoga instructor, who graduated with an M.F.A. from American Conservatory Theater, in San Francisco. In 2015, he wrote a story reminiscing about the home birth of his daughter. Talbot's sister, \\\"New Yorker\\\" magazine staffer Margaret Talbot, wrote \\\"The Entertainer: Movies, Magic and My Father's Twentieth Century\\\" (Riverhead Books, 2012), about their father, Lyle Talbot,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8906714\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"2, 1951, their appeals exhausted, four of the convicted men fled rather than surrender themselves to Federal agents and begin serving their sentences. The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York issued subpoenas to the trustees of the CRC bail fund in an attempt to learn the whereabouts of the fugitives. Hammett testified on July 9, 1951, in front of United States District Court Judge Sylvester Ryan, facing questioning by Irving Saypol, the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, described by \\\"Time\\\" as \\\"the nation's number-one legal hunter of top Communists\\\". During\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1292550\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"this novel. Herbert Ruhm found that contemporary left-wing media already viewed Hammett's writing with skepticism, \\\"perhaps because his work suggests no solution: no mass-action ... no individual salvation ... no Emersonian reconciliation and transcendence\\\". In a letter of November 25, 1937, to his daughter Mary, Hammett referred to himself and others as \\\"we reds\\\". He confirmed, \\\"in a democracy all men are supposed to have an equal say in their government\\\", but added that \\\"their equality need not go beyond that.\\\" He also found, \\\"under socialism there is not necessarily [...] any leveling of incomes.\\\" In early 1942, following the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1292546\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"William Hoffman (author)\",\n \"text\": \"William Hoffman (author) Henry William Hoffman (May 16, 1925 – September 12, 2009) was an American writer who published thirteen novels and four books of short stories and two plays. He was born he lived in West Virginia but spent his formative years in southwestern Virginia. William Hoffman was the recipient of the 1992 Dos Passos Prize|John Dos Passos Prize For Literature, an O'Henry for the sort story and a Dasheill Hammett award for his mystery writing. In 1996 he was awarded the O. Henry Prize. In 1999 he received The Dashiell Hammett Award for the book \\\"Tidewater Blood.\\\" He\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8026444\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Roadhouse Nights\",\n \"text\": \"Roadhouse Nights Roadhouse Nights is a 1930 American Pre-Code gangster film. A number of sources including Sally Cline in her book \\\"Dashiell Hammett Man of Mystery\\\" claim it is based on the classic novel \\\"Red Harvest\\\" written by Dashiell Hammett (author of \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\", \\\"The Thin Man\\\", and \\\"The Glass Key\\\"). However the credits of the film itself say only \\\"An Original Screenplay by Ben Hecht.\\\" Hammett receives no mention at all (and the plots are not similar). The movie, an unusual amalgam of musical comedy and gangster melodrama, was directed by Hobart Henley, stars Helen Morgan, Charles Ruggles,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15649051\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joe Gores\",\n \"text\": \"Joe Gores Joseph Nicholas \\\"Joe\\\" Gores (born December 25, 1931, in Rochester, Minnesota, United States; died January 10, 2011, in Greenbrae, California) was an American mystery writer. He was known best for his novels and short stories set in San Francisco and featuring the fictional \\\"Dan Kearney and Associates\\\" (the \\\"DKA Files\\\") private investigation firm specializing in repossessing cars, a thinly veiled escalation of his own experiences as a confidential sleuth and repo man. Gores was also recognized for his novels \\\"Hammett\\\" (1975; made into the 1982 film \\\"Hammett\\\"), \\\"Spade & Archer\\\" (the 2009 prequel to Dashiell Hammett's \\\"The Maltese\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13453733\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nell Martin\",\n \"text\": \"of the same title by MGM in 1930. She was at one time the lover of the mystery writer Dashiell Hammett and he dedicated his 1931 novel \\\"The Glass Key\\\" to her. She was married to Ashley Weed Dickinson, a journalist and author. Martin wrote eight novels and over 200 short stories. Her novels include: Nell Martin Nell Martin (1890–1961) was an American author from Illinois specializing in light-hearted mysteries and short stories. She also published under Columbia Boyer and her full name Nell Columbia Boyer Martin. Having worked as a strawberry picker, newspaper reporter, taxi-cab driver, lawyer's assistant, laundry\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9783436\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stanley Ellin\",\n \"text\": \"that crime fiction is at best merely escapist fare. Ellin identifies not only with Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler, Agatha Christie, and Arthur Conan Doyle but also with Fyodor Dostoevski and William Faulkner, who also dealt with the theme of crime and punishment.\\\" Art Taylor, a writer of stories for such venues as \\\"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine\\\" and a reviewer for the \\\"Washington Post Book World\\\" and other periodicals, wrote that \\\"what has given Ellin such lasting renown in the pantheon of short story writers is surely the precision of his plotting: the clockwork accuracy by which each element of a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9136652\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Louis Plack Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"Louis Plack Hammett Louis Plack Hammett (April 7, 1894 – February 9, 1987) was an American physical chemist. He is known for the Hammett equation, which relates reaction rates to equilibrium constants for certain classes of organic reactions involving substituted aromatic compounds. He is also known for his research into superacids and his development of a scheme for comparing their acidities based on what is now known as the Hammett acidity function. The Curtin–Hammett principle bears his name. The awards he obtained included the Priestley Medal in 1961,the Willard Gibbs Award in 1961, the National Medal of Science in 1967,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9902105\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Roadhouse Nights\",\n \"text\": \"Prohibition-era entertainment, with a reasonably \\\"straight\\\" performance from comic actor Ruggles and a few songs from Helen Morgan. Roadhouse Nights Roadhouse Nights is a 1930 American Pre-Code gangster film. A number of sources including Sally Cline in her book \\\"Dashiell Hammett Man of Mystery\\\" claim it is based on the classic novel \\\"Red Harvest\\\" written by Dashiell Hammett (author of \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\", \\\"The Thin Man\\\", and \\\"The Glass Key\\\"). However the credits of the film itself say only \\\"An Original Screenplay by Ben Hecht.\\\" Hammett receives no mention at all (and the plots are not similar). The movie, an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15649053\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Unknown Mystery 60's Group\",\n \"text\": \"Unknown Mystery 60's Group \\\"Unknown Mystery 60's Group\\\" is the name given to an unknown group of musicians from the 1960s whose music was found on reel-to-reel tapes and released in CD format. The first volume was released as \\\"Unknown Mystery 60's Group\\\" in 1997 by Distortions Records. The second release, \\\"Volume II\\\", was released by the now defunct Octopus Recordings in 2001. The third CD, \\\"Volume III – Love Songs\\\", was released by Birdhouse Records in 2007. The additional tapes for volumes II and III were made available by the band archivist in Spain. The first CD of Unknown\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10268985\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Thin Man (film)\",\n \"text\": \"The Thin Man (film) The Thin Man is a 1934 American pre-Code comedy-mystery film directed by W. S. Van Dyke and based on the novel of the same name by Dashiell Hammett. The film stars William Powell and Myrna Loy as Nick and Nora Charles; Nick is a hard-drinking, retired private detective, and Nora is a wealthy heiress. Their wire-haired fox terrier Asta is played by canine actor Skippy. The film's screenplay was written by Albert Hackett and Frances Goodrich, a married couple. In 1934, the film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. The titular \\\"Thin Man\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"714957\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tough Guys Don't Dance (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"was not a critical or commercial success. Tough Guys Don't Dance (novel) Tough Guys Don't Dance (1984) is a noir thriller and murder mystery novel by American writer, Norman Mailer, reminiscent of the works of Dashiell Hammett and Mickey Spillane. The book was filmed in 1987. Set in Provincetown on Cape Cod in Massachusetts, the protagonist is Tim Madden, a former bartender and drug runner, currently struggling to make a living as a writer. Waking one morning with a hangover, a new tattoo, and no memory of the previous night, Madden soon discovers that the passenger seat of his car\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18053562\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Matt Helm\",\n \"text\": \"brought to the spy novel the authentic hard realism of Dashiell Hammett; and his stories are as compelling, and probably as close to the sordid truth of espionage, as any now being told.\\\" Golden Age mystery writer John Dickson Carr began reviewing books for \\\"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine\\\" in 1969. According to Carr's biographer, \\\"Carr found Donald Hamilton's Matt Helm to be 'my favorite secret agent,'\\\" although Hamilton's books had little in common with Carr's. \\\"The explanation may lie in Carr's comment that in espionage novels he preferred Matt Helm's 'cloud-cuckooland' land. Carr never valued realism in fiction.\\\" In 1965,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3325789\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tough Guys Don't Dance (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"Tough Guys Don't Dance (novel) Tough Guys Don't Dance (1984) is a noir thriller and murder mystery novel by American writer, Norman Mailer, reminiscent of the works of Dashiell Hammett and Mickey Spillane. The book was filmed in 1987. Set in Provincetown on Cape Cod in Massachusetts, the protagonist is Tim Madden, a former bartender and drug runner, currently struggling to make a living as a writer. Waking one morning with a hangover, a new tattoo, and no memory of the previous night, Madden soon discovers that the passenger seat of his car is covered in blood and the head\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18053560\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Strangers on a Train (film)\",\n \"text\": \"novel) into the story and softened Bruno from a coarse alcoholic into a dapper, charming mama's boy — a much more Hitchcockian villain. With treatment in hand, Hitchcock shopped for a screenwriter; he wanted a \\\"name\\\" writer to lend some prestige to the screenplay, but was turned down by eight writers, including John Steinbeck and Thornton Wilder, all of whom thought the story too tawdry and were put off by Highsmith's first-timer status. Talks with Dashiell Hammett got further, but here too communications ultimately broke down, and Hammett never took the assignment. Hitchcock then tried Raymond Chandler, who had earned\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1897918\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jim Thompson (writer)\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"A Hell of a Woman\\\" and \\\"Pop. 1280.\\\" In these works, Thompson turned the derided crime genre into literature and art, featuring unreliable narrators, odd structure, and the quasi-surrealistic inner narratives of the last thoughts of his dying or dead characters. A number of Thompson's books were adapted as popular films, including \\\"The Getaway\\\" and \\\"The Grifters\\\". The writer R.V. Cassill has suggested that of all crime fiction, Thompson's was the rawest and most harrowing; that neither Dashiell Hammett nor Raymond Chandler nor Horace McCoy, author of the bleak \\\"They Shoot Horses, Don't They?,\\\" ever \\\"wrote a book within miles\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1649935\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lillian Hellman\",\n \"text\": \"United States. Years later she wrote, \\\"Then for the first time in my life I thought about being a Jew.\\\" Beginning in 1930, for about a year she earned $50 a week as a reader for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in Hollywood, writing summaries of novels and periodical literature for potential screenplays. Although she found the job rather dull, it created many opportunities for her to meet a greater range of creative people while she became involved in more political and artistic scenes during that time. While there she met and fell in love with mystery writer Dashiell Hammett. She divorced Kober and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1668692\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kirk Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"Kirk Hammett Kirk Lee Hammett (born November 18, 1962) is an American musician who has been lead guitarist and a contributing songwriter for the heavy metal band Metallica since 1983. Before joining Metallica he formed and named the band Exodus. In 2003, Hammett was ranked 11th on \\\"Rolling Stone\\\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s list of The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. In 2009, Hammett was ranked number 15 in Joel McIver's book \\\"The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists\\\". Hammett was born on November 18, 1962 in San Francisco, and raised in the town of El Sobrante, California. He is the son of Teofila \\\"Chefela\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"228298\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nick and Nora Charles\",\n \"text\": \"the bantering, romantically involved detective duo has become a well-used trope in literature, stage, screen, and television ever since. The characters first appear in Dashiell Hammett's best-selling last novel \\\"The Thin Man\\\" (1934). Nick is an alcoholic former private detective who retired when he married Nora, a wealthy Nob Hill heiress. Hammett reportedly modeled Nora on his longtime partner Lillian Hellman, and the characters' boozy, flippant dialogue on their relationship. (The novel also mentions that Nick was once a Pinkerton detective, as was Hammett.) The novel is considered one of the seminal texts of the hard-boiled subgenre of mystery novels,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1292587\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Devil's Island\",\n \"text\": \"wrote never happened, were embellishments or were feats ascribed to others. Although prisoners were not treated well, conditions were not as bad as in Charrière's account. A \\\"remake\\\" of Papillon was released in 2017. The Danish novel \\\"Helvede hinsides havet\\\" (1933) (\\\"Hell beyond the Sea\\\"), by Aage Krarup Nielsen, describes the life in the camp. Devil's Island is featured in the plot of \\\"The Dain Curse\\\" (1928), a novel by Dashiell Hammett, the American mystery writer. In 1939, Boris Karloff was cast as Dr. Charles Gaudet in the film \\\"Devil's Island\\\". In the 1944 film \\\"To Have and Have Not\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1417732\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Harvest\",\n \"text\": \"director Rian Johnson's debut feature, \\\"Brick\\\", was inspired by the novels of Dashiell Hammett, particularly \\\"Red Harves\\\"t. Science-fiction writer David Drake has said that he took the plot of his novel \\\"The Sharp End\\\" (1993) from \\\"Red Harvest\\\". Red Harvest Red Harvest (1929) is a novel by Dashiell Hammett. The story is narrated by the Continental Op, a frequent character in Hammett's fiction, much of which is drawn from his own experiences as an operative of the Pinkerton Detective Agency (fictionalized as the Continental Detective Agency). The labor dispute in the novel was inspired by Butte's Anaconda Road massacre. \\\"Time\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1849428\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"True Detective (magazine)\",\n \"text\": \"Macfadden changed the name to \\\"True Detective\\\", emphasizing the magazine's move away from mystery fiction. \\\"True Detective\\\" non-fiction stories retained some of the tone and style of noir fiction and mystery writing, laying the ground for subsequent true crime genre conventions. The magazine had few ambitions to purvey serious literature, although it did publish early work by respected writers like Dashiell Hammett, Jim Thompson, and Ann Rule, among others. It appealed to the same working class audience as its pulp fiction competitors and became a massive hit, evidently selling around 2 million copies per month in the 1930s and '40s.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7000681\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Yiddish Policemen's Union\",\n \"text\": \"released on May 1, 2007. Chabon has said that the novel was difficult to write, calling it \\\"an exercise in restraint all around... The sentences are much shorter than my typical sentences; my paragraphs are shorter than my typical paragraphs.\\\" He also described the novel as an homage to the writing of mystery writers Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett, and Ross Macdonald, along with Russian writer Isaac Babel. The book's original cover art by Will Staehle features an amalgam of styles (like the novel itself), drawing on classic pulp detective novel, Jewish imagery, and art from the Pacific Northwest and Alaska,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8976736\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mateiu Caragiale\",\n \"text\": \"Caragiale's style and that of two 20th century foreign authors of crime fiction—Dashiell Hammett and Giorgio Bassani. The general intent, Manolescu notes, is not in realistically depicting police procedures, but in showing \\\"the human mystery.\\\" Thus, Ion Vartic argues, Gogu Nicolau may be Caragiale's attempt to see himself from the outside, and his disappearance may be a clue that the writer was planning to sever links with the cultural milieu. The work's title and its generic meaning are found in Ruse's final statement: \\\"There are such things meant to always remain—since forever—under the seal of secrecy.\\\" Caragiale's Symbolist poems, including\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4191584\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Raymond Chandler\",\n \"text\": \"previous detective stories: Chandler also described the struggle that writers of pulp fiction had in following the formula demanded by the editors of the pulp magazines: Critics and writers, including W. H. Auden, Evelyn Waugh and Ian Fleming, greatly admired Chandler's prose. In a radio discussion with Chandler, Fleming said that Chandler offered \\\"some of the finest dialogue written in any prose today\\\". Contemporary mystery writer Paul Levine has described Chandler's style as the \\\"literary equivalent of a quick punch to the gut.\\\" Chandler's swift-moving, hardboiled style was inspired mostly by Dashiell Hammett, but his sharp and lyrical similes are\",\n \"psg_id\": \"346413\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kirk Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"(also known as \\\"The Black Album\\\"), and was ranked 399th on \\\"Rolling Stone\\\"'s list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The bridge for \\\"Creeping Death\\\" was originally an Exodus riff that Hammett took with him to Metallica. In 1986, during the band's European leg of their tour to support \\\"Master of Puppets\\\", Hammett and bassist Cliff Burton had a dispute over sleeping arrangements on the band's tour bus. The outcome of the dispute was decided by a card draw, which Burton won by picking the Ace of Spades. Once the draw was completed, Burton looked at Hammett and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"228305\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Robert Parr\",\n \"text\": \"Huckleberry Milner. It’s ideal for Dash, whose permanent aim is to race around the river bend, as it were, and see what adventures await\\\". Dashiell Robert Parr Dashiell \\\"Dash\\\" Robert Parr is a fictional superhero, created by Brad Bird for the Pixar franchise \\\"The Incredibles\\\". The character is voiced by Spencer Fox in the first movie and Huckleberry Milner in the second film. Restless, relentless and curious, Dash sports a hearty sense of adventure and a boundless supply of energy. Born with the remarkable power of super speed, he would love nothing more than to show off his special skills\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20877477\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Secret Agent X-9 (1937 serial)\",\n \"text\": \"art shop, where Marker, a paid accomplice, conceals it between an oil painting and its frame. Dexter arrests Blackstone and pursues Marker with the full intention of unmasking of the mysterious \\\"Brenda\\\"... \\\"Secret Agent X-9\\\" was based on the comic strip by Dashiell Hammett (writer) and Alex Raymond (artist). Secret Agent X-9 (1937 serial) Secret Agent X-9 (1937) is a Universal film serial based on the comic strip \\\"Secret Agent X-9\\\" by Dashiell Hammett and Alex Raymond. G-Men learn that \\\"Brenda\\\", notorious jewel thief, is heading for the US, to steal the Belgravian crown jewels currently on exhibit. The jewels\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9884752\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rita Rätsepp\",\n \"text\": \"Kanal 2 television drama series \\\"Pilvede all\\\", since 2010. Other television series appearances include roles on the Kanal 2 crime serials \\\"Kelgukoerad\\\" (2009) and \\\"Viimane võmm\\\" (2015). In 2010, she appeared in the role of Sirje, Kerli's mother in \\\"Klass - Elu pärast\\\", which was a 2010 ETV2 television miniseries follow-up of the Ilmar Raag directed 2007 feature-film \\\"Klass\\\" about school bullying and violence. Notable film roles include that of Opal Madving in the 1986 Arvo Kruusement-directed mystery crime-drama \\\"Bande\\\" from Tallinnfilm, based on th 1930 novel \\\"The Glass Key\\\" by American writer Dashiell Hammett; the 2011 Gerli Nõmm-directed drama\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20822577\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Secret Agent X-9\",\n \"text\": \"Secret Agent X-9 Secret Agent X-9 was a comic strip created by writer Dashiell Hammett (\\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\") and artist Alex Raymond (\\\"Flash Gordon\\\"). Syndicated by King Features, it ran from January 22, 1934 until February 10, 1996. X-9 was a nameless agent who worked for a nameless agency. X-9 used the name \\\"Dexter\\\" in the first story (\\\"It's not my name, but it'll do.\\\") and kept using it or being called by it in later stories, but acquired the name \\\"Phil Corrigan\\\" in the 1940s; decades later, the strip was renamed Secret Agent Corrigan. The nameless agency was also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5996111\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert B. Dashiell\",\n \"text\": \"Robert B. Dashiell Robert Brooke Dashiell ( – ) was an officer in the United States Navy who was noted for his technical expertise. Dashiell, born near Woodville, Virginia, graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1881 and was commissioned as an ensign two years later. In 1889, he received an honorary Master of Arts degree from St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland. After his appointment as Assistant Naval Constructor, Dashiell was dispatched by the Bureau of Ordnance to construct an ordnance center at Indian Head, Maryland. The resulting facility, the U.S. Navy’s first installation in Southern Maryland, has\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6478020\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charlie Wild, Private Detective (radio program)\",\n \"text\": \"Charlie Wild, Private Detective (radio program) Charlie Wild, Private Detective is an American old-time radio detective mystery drama. It was broadcast on NBC September 24, 1950 - December 17, 1950, and on CBS January 7, 1951 - July 1, 1951. The episodes broadcast on CBS were also carried on six stations of the Alaska Broadcasting System. \\\"Charlie Wild, Private Detective\\\" replaced \\\"The Adventures of Sam Spade\\\" on the air. The change followed the listing of \\\"Sam Spade\\\"'s star (Howard Duff) and creator (Dashiell Hammett) in the anti-Communist tract \\\"Red Channels\\\". Radio historian John Dunning wrote that the association of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19998744\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bryant Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"Committee and served too as the Ferriday city engineer. Hammett is affiliated with Ducks Unlimited and the National Rifle Association. Hammett and his wife, the former Susan Cotton (also born 1956), originally from Jonesville in Catahoula Parish, are elders at the First Presbyterian Church of Ferriday. The couple has three daughters, Virginia L. \\\"Ginny\\\" Hammett Martinez (born 1981), Dorothy Elizabeth Hammett (born 1983), and Laura Danielle Hammett (born 1986). At thirty-five, Hammett was elected in 1991 to House District 21 (Concordia, East Carroll, Madison, and Tensas parishes). The seat became vacant when the Democrat Al Ater, a Ferriday farmer, declined\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14027530\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Borrowed Man\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"well-designed 50/50 marriage of 1930s pulpish SF and the now classic noir detective murder mystery formula first given us by Dashiell Hammett\\\", and \\\"a rejuvenating reminder of that glorious and (dare I say it) naive time when SF was new, the dreams were large, and the ideas wild\\\", but noted that although the novel \\\"pays respectful homage to, and has fun with, the now classic detective murder mystery\\\", it is not \\\"a noir novel in the classic sense \\\". Tor.com's Niall Alexander however, felt it to be \\\"middling\\\", with a \\\"morally abhorrent\\\" setting and \\\"too much (...) meandering misdirection\\\", and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20090016\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vintage Crime/Black Lizard\",\n \"text\": \"Vintage Crime/Black Lizard Vintage Crime/Black Lizard is the corporate amalgamation of Random House's Vintage Crime, and Random House's 1990 acquisition, Black Lizard, a major publisher of classic crime fiction. Vintage Crime/Black Lizard was founded in June 1990 after Random House's acquisition of Black Lizard, the publishing company created by Donald S. Ellis and Barry Gifford. Before the acquisition Vintage Books was publishing the work of American mystery-authors such as Dashiell Hammett, James M. Cain and Raymond Chandler under Vintage Crime. As a result of the unification Random House came into the possession of the literature of Jim Thompson, and David\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15707130\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mark Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"only getting as high as seventh on the table; in 2014 Super Rugby season. In April 2014 Hammett indicated he would not be seeking to renew his contract when it expired at the end of the 2014 season. On 18 May 2014, Hammett was named Director of Rugby for Wales-based team Cardiff Blues, working alongside Dale McIntosh and Paul John. The Mark Hammett era was a slow start, losing both the pre-season friendlies. However, the first round saw Cardiff defeat Zebre 41–26. Despite only winning one game in his first competitive 6 games, Hammett lead Cardiff to a surprise victory\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9592847\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Secret Agent X-9\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Hammett: A Life on the Edge.\\\" In 1990, Kitchen Sink Press did a single volume reprint () of the Hammett/Raymond work on the strip. \\\"Comics Revue\\\" magazine has reprinted many of the George Evans and Goodwin/Williamson strips. From 2010 to 2013, IDW's imprint Library of American Comics published the Archie Goodwin/Al Williamson strips complete in five volumes. A sixth volume collected strips by George Evans. In 2015, IDW published a volume with the Hammett/Raymond strips. Secret Agent X-9 Secret Agent X-9 was a comic strip created by writer Dashiell Hammett (\\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\") and artist Alex Raymond (\\\"Flash Gordon\\\"). Syndicated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5996122\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hotel Union Square\",\n \"text\": \"the 1950s, the hotel was renamed the Golden State Hotel. Personality Hotels purchased the building in the early 1980s and in 1985 reopened it after refurbishment as Hotel Union Square. It was extensively renovated in 2008, when a Dashiell Hammett Suite was created in Room 505. The interior design is by Colum McCartan, along with Lisa Sayed, partner of the hotel interior design company Sisterhood of the Traveling Hotels, who designed the Ring In the Kids Suite. Lisa Compagno designed the Dashiell Hammett Suite. There are 131 guest rooms and suites. Dashiell Hammett and Lillian Hellman may have conducted much\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10937648\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"who was chairman, Robert W. Dunn, and Frederick Vanderbilt Field, \\\"millionaire Communist supporter.\\\" On April 3, 1947, the CRC was identified as a Communist front group on the Attorney General's List of Subversive Organizations, as directed by U.S. President Harry S. Truman's Executive Order 9835. The CRC's bail fund gained national attention on November 4, 1949, when bail in the amount of \\\"$260,000 in negotiable government bonds\\\" was posted \\\"to free eleven men appealing their convictions under the Smith Act for criminal conspiracy to teach and advocate the overthrow of the United States government by force and violence.\\\" On July\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1292549\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Glass Key\",\n \"text\": \"The Glass Key The Glass Key is a novel by American writer Dashiell Hammett. It was first published as a serial in \\\"Black Mask\\\" magazine in 1930, then was collected in 1931 (in London; the American edition followed 3 months later) It tells the story of a gambler and racketeer, Ned Beaumont, whose devotion to Paul Madvig, a crooked political boss, leads him to investigate the murder of a local senator's son as a potential gang war brews. Hammett dedicated the novel to his onetime lover Nell Martin. There have been two US film adaptations (1935 and 1942) of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5155925\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Maltese Falcon Society\",\n \"text\": \"Maltese Falcon Society The Maltese Falcon Society is an organization for admirers of Dashiell Hammett, his novel \\\"The Maltese Falcon,\\\" and hardboiled mystery books and writers in general. Founded in San Francisco in 1981, the organization is no longer active in the United States; however, a chapter in Japan has been active continuously since 1982. The Japanese branch of the society presents the Falcon Award, Japan's highest honor in the mystery field, to honor the best hardboiled mystery novel published in Japan. The Maltese Falcon Society was founded in San Francisco on May 20, 1981 by literary historian and biographer\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13222430\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Doug Dashiell\",\n \"text\": \"Doug Dashiell Douglas Dashiell (July 14, 1905 – April 1975) was an American college football coach and United States Army Air Forces and Air Force officer. He served as the head coach at the University of Nevada, Reno from 1936 to 1938. He amassed an 8–13–1 record during his tenure. Dashiell was born on July 14, 1905 and attended Las Vegas High School. He attended college at Southwestern University in Georgetown, Texas, where he played on the football team. In December 1935, the University of Nevada, Reno hired Dashiell as the head coach of its football team. He held that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15198977\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mark Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"inaugural Super 12, finishing in last place. The 1997 season went better for Hammett; the Crusaders finished sixth, and the Canterbury provincial team won the National Provincial Championship (NPC) after beating Counties in the final. Although Hammett was receiving more and more game time, he still only participated in the NPC final as a replacement. Hammett started regularly for both Canterbury, and the Crusaders in 1998, with the latter he won his first Super 12 title. The 1998 Super 12 final was played against the Blues at Eden Park; Hammett said of the match \\\"If we'd been polled in that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9592838\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"William Robert Dashiell\",\n \"text\": \"1939. William Robert Dashiell William Robert Dashiell (3 April 1863 – 16 March 1939) was a United States military officer. He notably participated in the Philippine–American War and World War I. Dashiell was born Mecklenburg County, Virginia on 3 April 1863. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1888, where he was a classmate of Peyton C. March. Dashiell later graduated from the Army School of the Line (1909) and the Army War College (1915). After graduation, Dashiell was commissioned Second Lieutenant with the 8th Infantry Regiment at Fort D. A. Russell in Wyoming. He\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20640232\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"William Robert Dashiell\",\n \"text\": \"William Robert Dashiell William Robert Dashiell (3 April 1863 – 16 March 1939) was a United States military officer. He notably participated in the Philippine–American War and World War I. Dashiell was born Mecklenburg County, Virginia on 3 April 1863. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1888, where he was a classmate of Peyton C. March. Dashiell later graduated from the Army School of the Line (1909) and the Army War College (1915). After graduation, Dashiell was commissioned Second Lieutenant with the 8th Infantry Regiment at Fort D. A. Russell in Wyoming. He took\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20640228\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mark Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"series. Crusaders \\\"(as assistant coach)\\\" Mark Hammett Mark Garry 'Hammer' Hammett (born 13 July 1972) is a New Zealand rugby union coach and former player. Having represented Canterbury provincially 76 times, and the Crusaders 81 times and the All Blacks 30 times – including 29 Test matches, Hammett later went on to coach both Canterbury and Crusaders as a forwards/assistant coach. He is currently on the assistant coach of the in Super Rugby and the Tasman Makos in the Mitre 10 Cup. Hammett first represented New Zealand, while he was a pupil at St Thomas of Canterbury College, when selected\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9592851\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mark Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"Mark Hammett Mark Garry 'Hammer' Hammett (born 13 July 1972) is a New Zealand rugby union coach and former player. Having represented Canterbury provincially 76 times, and the Crusaders 81 times and the All Blacks 30 times – including 29 Test matches, Hammett later went on to coach both Canterbury and Crusaders as a forwards/assistant coach. He is currently on the assistant coach of the in Super Rugby and the Tasman Makos in the Mitre 10 Cup. Hammett first represented New Zealand, while he was a pupil at St Thomas of Canterbury College, when selected for the New Zealand Under\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9592836\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Was Lost\",\n \"text\": \"Was Lost\\\" was the winner in the first novel category of the Costa Book Awards. O'Flynn received a £5,000 prize. It was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. The Costa Book Awards' judging panel, chaired by Joanna Trollope, praised the novel for \\\"blending humour and pathos in a cleverly constructed and absorbing mystery.\\\" They described the novel as inventive, compelling, and poignant. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" was long-listed for the 2007 Man Booker Prize and the Orange Prize for Fiction. It was short-listed for the Guardian First Book Award. It won the Jelf Group First Novel Award\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11413540\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Frederic Forrest\",\n \"text\": \"the Heart\\\" (1982), \\\"Hammett\\\" (1982) and \\\"\\\" (1988). Other credits include \\\"The Missouri Breaks\\\" (1976), \\\"The Two Jakes\\\" (1990) and \\\"Falling Down\\\" (1993), along with the television series \\\"21 Jump Street\\\", \\\"Lonesome Dove\\\" and \\\"Die Kinder\\\". Forrest was born in Waxahachie, Texas, the son of Virginia Allie (née McSpadden) and Frederic Fenimore Forrest, a furniture store owner. He is known for his roles as Chef in \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", \\\"When The Legends Die\\\", \\\"It Lives Again\\\", the neo-Nazi surplus store owner in \\\"Falling Down\\\", \\\"Right to Kill?\\\" and for playing the writer Dashiell Hammett twice in film — in \\\"Hammett\\\" (1982)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4053455\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"USS Dashiell (DD-659)\",\n \"text\": \"II service. USS Dashiell (DD-659) USS \\\"Dashiell\\\" (DD-659) was a destroyer of the United States Navy, named for Robert B. Dashiell (1860–1899). \\\"Dashiell\\\" was launched 6 February 1943 by Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., Kearny, N.J.. sponsored by Mrs. R. B. Dashiell, widow of Assistant Naval Constructor Dashiell; and commissioned 20 March 1943, Commander J. B. McLean in command. \\\"Dashiell\\\" arrived at Pearl Harbor 24 July 1943 to join the Fast Carrier Task Forces for the raids on Marcus Island of 31 August to 1 September; Tarawa, 18–20 September; and Wake Island, 5–6 October. Arriving at Efate, New Hebrides,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6479720\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"USS Dashiell (DD-659)\",\n \"text\": \"USS Dashiell (DD-659) USS \\\"Dashiell\\\" (DD-659) was a destroyer of the United States Navy, named for Robert B. Dashiell (1860–1899). \\\"Dashiell\\\" was launched 6 February 1943 by Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., Kearny, N.J.. sponsored by Mrs. R. B. Dashiell, widow of Assistant Naval Constructor Dashiell; and commissioned 20 March 1943, Commander J. B. McLean in command. \\\"Dashiell\\\" arrived at Pearl Harbor 24 July 1943 to join the Fast Carrier Task Forces for the raids on Marcus Island of 31 August to 1 September; Tarawa, 18–20 September; and Wake Island, 5–6 October. Arriving at Efate, New Hebrides, 5 November,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6479712\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jeremiah Dashiell House\",\n \"text\": \"Jeremiah Dashiell House The Jeremiah Dashiell House is located in the Bexar County city of San Antonio in the U.S. state of Texas. Also known as Casa Villita, it was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.under that name in 1962. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Bexar County, Texas as a contributing structure of the La Villita Historic District. This two-story limestone house fronts the San Antonio River Walk and was built c1850 by contractor J.H. Kampmann. The San Antonio Conservation Society (SACS) acquired the property in 1942 and did a restoration. Between 1953\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16794062\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kirk Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"said \\\"I want your bunk\\\", to which Hammett complied, saying that he might be able to sleep better in the front of the bus anyway. In the early hours of the following morning, Metallica's tour bus slid off the road and overturned in Sweden. Burton was thrown through the window of the bus, which fell on top of Burton and subsequently killed him. Hammett has stated in an interview that he once thought that it easily could've been him who was killed instead, since Burton was sleeping in what was considered to be Hammett's bunk. In Kirk's own words \\\"You\",\n \"psg_id\": \"228306\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cornell Woolrich\",\n \"text\": \"Cornell Woolrich Cornell George Hopley-Woolrich (December 4, 1903 – September 25, 1968) was an American novelist and short story writer who wrote using the name Cornell Woolrich, and sometimes the pseudonyms William Irish and George Hopley. His biographer, Francis Nevins Jr., rated Woolrich the fourth best crime writer of his day, behind Dashiell Hammett, Erle Stanley Gardner and Raymond Chandler. A check of film titles reveals that more film noir screenplays were adapted from works by Woolrich than any other crime novelist, and many of his stories were adapted during the 1940s for \\\"Suspense\\\" and other dramatic radio programs. Woolrich\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1664831\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Maltese Falcon Society\",\n \"text\": \"winning author receives a certificate of merit and a falcon sculpture crafted in wood. Maltese Falcon Society The Maltese Falcon Society is an organization for admirers of Dashiell Hammett, his novel \\\"The Maltese Falcon,\\\" and hardboiled mystery books and writers in general. Founded in San Francisco in 1981, the organization is no longer active in the United States; however, a chapter in Japan has been active continuously since 1982. The Japanese branch of the society presents the Falcon Award, Japan's highest honor in the mystery field, to honor the best hardboiled mystery novel published in Japan. The Maltese Falcon Society\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13222435\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert B. Dashiell\",\n \"text\": \"been in the forefront of naval ordnance development and testing for the United States. He served as Inspector in Charge of Ordnance there from 1890 to 1893. An inventor of important ordnance mechanisms and an authority on dock construction, he was commissioned Assistant Naval Constructor and served in his specialty until his death in Washington, D.C., . In 1943, the destroyer USS \\\"Dashiell\\\" (DD-659) was named in his honor.The USS Dashiell was commissioned 20 March 1943. Robert B. Dashiell Robert Brooke Dashiell ( – ) was an officer in the United States Navy who was noted for his technical expertise.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6478021\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bianca Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"Bianca Hammett Bianca Hammett (born 12 September 1990) is an Australian synchronized swimmer. Taking up the sport at the age of eight and joining Australia's National Team in 2006, Hammett has represented Australia internationally in synchronised swimming since 2007. Hammett is a dual Olympian, having competed for Australia at the 2012 Summer Olympics, held in London, and the 2016 Summer Olympics, held in Rio de Janeiro. Hammett has also competed for Australia at the 2007, 2011, 2013 and 2015 World Aquatics Championships. Nicknamed B and Yanks, Hammett was born on 12 September 1990 in Warrnambool. She attended Calamvale State School\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16644032\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Beautiful Name\",\n \"text\": \"What a Beautiful Name \\\"What a Beautiful Name\\\" is a song by Australian praise and worship group Hillsong Worship. The song, written and led by Brooke Ligertwood and co-written with Ben Fielding, refers to the promise of salvation through Jesus Christ as represented by His Holy Name. The \\\"genre-smashing single\\\" contributed to Hillsong being named \\\"Billboard\\\"s Top Christian Artist of 2017. \\\"What a Beautiful Name\\\" won two Dove Awards for Song of the Year and Worship Song of the Year in 2017. It won the 2018 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song. \\\"What a Beautiful Name\\\" was released\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19789527\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kirk Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"hoax. Hammett is known for always having his picking hand taped to protect his skin due to his habit of palm muting and fast picking during lengthy tours. Hammett's use of the wah-pedal hadn't been featured in recent Metallica solos, but has seen a resurgence in his solos on the 2008 album \\\"Death Magnetic\\\", in songs like \\\"The Unforgiven III.\\\" Kirk Hammett's tour guitars : On the 25th anniversary of Metallica's debut album \\\"Kill 'Em All\\\", Hammett appears on the cover of Feb. 2008's \\\"Guitar World\\\" sporting his new custom ESP. This model is the KH20, the 20th anniversary model\",\n \"psg_id\": \"228322\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Seth Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"of the Covington County Chamber of Commerce. In 1983 he founded First National Bank of Andalusia (now Wells Fargo). He has since served in numerous business and community positions, most notably returning to Lurleen B. Wallace Community College as its president from 1991 to 2002. In 2002, Hammett was appointed Vice President of Business Development for SouthTrust Bank. In 2004, he was appointed Director of Economic Development for the Alabama Electric Cooperative. Since 2014, Hammett has served as Vice President of Business Development for PowerSouth Energy Cooperative and chairman of the Energy Institute of Alabama. Hammett continues to reside in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7017492\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bianca Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"held in Shanghai, China, served as the 2012 Olympic qualifying event for the team. Her team finished 18th in the technical team portion and 17th in the Free Team event. Hammett was selected to represent Australia at the 2012 Summer Olympics in synchronised swimming. Hammett competed in the team event with Eloise Amberger, Jenny-Lyn Anderson, Sarah Bombell, Olga Burtaev, Tamika Domrow, Tarren Otte, Francesca Owen and Samantha Reid, finishing in eighth place overall. The 2012 Games were her first. In 2013, Hammett was selected to compete at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships held in Barcelona. Competing alongside Olga Burtaev in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16644036\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Russell DaShiell\",\n \"text\": \"Rick Jaeger became The Beau Gentry in 1965; The band evolved into Crowfoot and relocated to San Francisco. DaShiell also began working as a session guitarist, playing on A.B. Skhy's 1969 debut album, and going on to play in Harvey Mandel's band. He also played on Norman Greenbaum's \\\"Spirit in the Sky\\\" album, including the chart-topping title track, and went on to tour with Greenbaum and play on his next two albums. His success prompted him to revive Crowfoot, although the band's self-titled 1970 album was largely a DaShiell solo effort, as was its 1971 follow-up \\\"Find the Sun\\\". DaShiell\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17397756\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Eaves\",\n \"text\": \"production of \\\"Hans Christian Andersen\\\" at A.C.T. in San Francisco. He was also in the first developmental production of \\\"The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee\\\" at Barrington Stage Company, playing the role of Mitch the \\\"Comfort Counselor\\\". Eaves' screen credits include \\\"The Good Wife\\\", \\\"Blue Bloods\\\" episode \\\"Baggage\\\" and \\\"\\\" episode \\\"\\\" with Bill Irwin and Liza Minnelli. Other TV and film work includes Luc Besson's \\\"Arthur and the Invisibles\\\" III, Jonathan Demme's \\\"Beloved\\\", the HBO film \\\"Stomp Out Loud\\\", and Third Watch. Dashiell Eaves Dashiell Eaves is an American actor. He lives in New York City. Eaves began\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9519974\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kirk Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"1979, he formed the band Exodus at the age of sixteen, along with vocalist Paul Baloff, guitarist Gary Holt, bassist Geoff Andrews, and drummer Tom Hunting. Hammett named Exodus after the Leon Uris novel of the same name, and played on the band's \\\"1982 Demo\\\". Exodus was an influential band in the Bay Area thrash movement. In May 1983, Metallica traveled to Rochester, New York to record its debut album, \\\"Metal Up Your Ass\\\". Due to the lead guitarist's (Dave Mustaine) substance abuse and violent tendencies, he was fired from the band, and would eventually form the band Megadeth. Hammett\",\n \"psg_id\": \"228302\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The House in Turk Street\",\n \"text\": \"Op is given a cup of tea and a cigar, but his interview of the Quarres is suddenly interrupted by a man with a gun, who believes he is the target of the Op's search. The Op is bound and gagged, but overhears the aftermath of a plot to steal $100,000 in bonds, as the conspirators try to decide what to do with him. The House in Turk Street \\\"The House in Turk Street\\\" is an early short story by Dashiell Hammett, featuring the Continental Op. It was first published in \\\"Black Mask\\\" in April 1924. This story indicates Hammett\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17192178\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Frances Goodrich\",\n \"text\": \"1917 (divorced 1923), the writer H.W. Van Loon in 1927 (divorced 1930), and Albert Hackett in 1931. Goodrich and Hackett remained married until her death. Not long after marrying Hackett, the couple went to Hollywood in the late 1920s to write the screenplay for their stage success \\\"Up Pops the Devil\\\" for Paramount Pictures. In 1933 they signed a contract with MGM and remained with them until 1939. Among their earliest assignments was writing the screenplay for \\\"The Thin Man\\\" (1934). They were encouraged by the director W. S. Van Dyke to use the writing of Dashiell Hammett as a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4513291\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Locked-room mystery\",\n \"text\": \"period were Fredric Brown, Paul Chadwick and, to a certain extent, Cornell Woolrich, although these writers tended to rarely use the Private Eye protagonists that many associate with pulp fiction. Quite a few comic book impossible crimes seem to draw on the \\\"weird menace\\\" tradition of the pulps. However, celebrated writers such as G. K. Chesterton, Arthur Conan Doyle, Clayton Rawson, and Sax Rohmer have had their works adapted to comic book form. In 1934, Dashiell Hammett created the comic strip \\\"Secret Agent X9\\\", illustrated by Alex Raymond, which contained a locked-room episode, albeit a rather feeble one. One American\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1473906\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Thin Man (TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"Sony's getTV in March 2016. The Thin Man (TV series) The Thin Man is a half-hour weekly television series based on the mystery novel \\\"The Thin Man\\\" (1933) by Dashiell Hammett. The 72 episodes were produced by MGM Television and broadcast by NBC for two seasons from 1957–1959 on Friday evening. It was the first TV series produced by MGM. The series starred Peter Lawford and Phyllis Kirk as Nick and Nora Charles. The dog, Asta, was played by three identical wire-hair terriers. Jack Albertson, Patricia Donahue, and Nita Talbot had recurring roles during the show's second season. Albertson played\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8611207\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Thin Man (TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"The Thin Man (TV series) The Thin Man is a half-hour weekly television series based on the mystery novel \\\"The Thin Man\\\" (1933) by Dashiell Hammett. The 72 episodes were produced by MGM Television and broadcast by NBC for two seasons from 1957–1959 on Friday evening. It was the first TV series produced by MGM. The series starred Peter Lawford and Phyllis Kirk as Nick and Nora Charles. The dog, Asta, was played by three identical wire-hair terriers. Jack Albertson, Patricia Donahue, and Nita Talbot had recurring roles during the show's second season. Albertson played Lieutenant Harry Evans of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8611204\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mark Dawidziak\",\n \"text\": \"Ohio). His play \\\"The Mystery of Dashiell Hammett\\\" was premiered as part of Big Read initiative at Hiram College in 2009. His other plays include a two-act adaptation of Dickens' \\\"A Christmas Carol\\\" for three actors. Dawidziak currently is teaching part-time as an adjunct professor at Kent State University, in addition to writing for \\\"The Plain Dealer\\\". He teaches the Reviewing Film and Television and Vampires in Film and Television courses. His first class was in the spring of 2009. He frequently lectures and gives talks on Mark Twain, Charles Dickens, television and vampires. On October 23, 2009, Dawidziak appeared\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13917871\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Seth Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"Seth Hammett Seth Hammett (born June 24, 1946) is an American educator, politician, and economic development professional who was a member of the Alabama House of Representatives from 1979 to 2011. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as Speaker of the Alabama House of Representatives from 2001 to 2010. Hammett did not seek reelection in 2010. Following his retirement, Hammett was selected by Republican Governor Robert Bentley to serve as Director of the Alabama Development Office, now known as the Alabama Department of Commerce. Hammett later served as Governor Bentley's chief of staff from 2014 to 2015. As\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7017490\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Was Lost\",\n \"text\": \"by night — crowded with shoppers during the day, but empty and bleak at night. She found ideas for her book from her job in the Merry Hill Shopping Centre near Dudley in the West Midlands. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" was rejected by 20 agents and publishers before being accepted for publication by Tindal Street Press, a small Birmingham publisher. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" is a mystery story about a missing girl. It is also a portrait of a changing community over twenty years. It examines modern life's emptiness, and society's obsession with shopping. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" is set in the city\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11413537\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Death Is a Lonely Business\",\n \"text\": \"series of eccentric characters in the forgotten town. The books biography lists this as Bradbury's first novel since \\\"Something Wicked This Way Comes\\\", although the young adult novel \\\"The Halloween Tree\\\" was published later. It evokes both the milieu and style of other mystery writers Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett, James M. Cain, and Ross Macdonald, all of whom Bradbury names in the book's dedication, and James Crumley, after whom Bradbury named his detective. Yet the main character is undoubtedly Bradbury himself, portrayed in a period of his life just before his marriage and his success with \\\"The Martian Chronicles\\\". Two\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4609368\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Maltese Falcon (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"The Maltese Falcon (novel) The Maltese Falcon is a 1930 detective novel by American writer Dashiell Hammett, originally serialized in the magazine \\\"Black Mask\\\" beginning with the September 1929 issue. The story is told entirely in external third-person narrative; there is no description whatever of any character's internal thoughts or feelings, only what they say and do, and how they look. The novel has been adapted several times for the cinema. The main character, Sam Spade (who also appeared later in some lesser-known short stories), was a departure from Hammett's nameless detective, The Continental Op. Spade combined several features of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"708363\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["samuel, or sam"],"string":"[\n \"samuel, or sam\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":299,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"how many exclamation points did author tom wolfe use in his blockbuster bestseller the bonfire of the vanities?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)","text":"is applauding Peter Fallow's premiere of his book. Fallow says that Sherman McCoy has moved away from New York City to an unknown destination, presumably to live in obscurity. The novel of \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" was a bestseller. Warner Bros. bought the rights from author Tom Wolfe for $750,000. The film was plagued by controversy. Among them were the acting choices: The studio made significant changes to the source material, making Sherman McCoy more sympathetic and adding a subplot involving a minor character, Judge Leonard White. In one notable scene in the film, Maria Ruskin (Melanie Griffith) arrives","psg_id":"7842269"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities","text":"with many of the traders who later founded the notorious hedge fund Long-Term Capital Management.) Wolfe researched and revised for two years. \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" appeared in 1987. The book was a commercial and critical success, spending weeks on bestseller lists and earning praise from much of the literary establishment on which Wolfe had long heaped scorn. The story centers on Sherman McCoy, a successful New York City bond trader. His $3 million Park Avenue co-op, combined with his aristocratic wife's extravagances and other expenses required to keep up appearances are depleting his great income, or as Sherman","psg_id":"2734181"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities","text":"The Bonfire of the Vanities The Bonfire of the Vanities is a 1987 satirical novel by Tom Wolfe. The story is a drama about ambition, racism, social class, politics, and greed in 1980s New York City and centers on three main characters: WASP bond trader Sherman McCoy, Jewish assistant district attorney Larry Kramer, and British expatriate journalist Peter Fallow. The novel was originally conceived as a serial in the style of Charles Dickens' writings; it ran in 27 installments in \"Rolling Stone\" starting in 1984. Wolfe heavily revised it before it was published in book form. The novel was a","psg_id":"2734175"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)","text":"a revised title, \"The Devil's Candy: The Anatomy of a Hollywood Fiasco\", and further material by Salamon (in which she describes Bruce Willis's negative reaction to the book). The Bonfire of the Vanities (film) The Bonfire of the Vanities is a 1990 American satirical black comedy film directed by Brian De Palma. The screenplay, written by Michael Cristofer, was adapted from the best-selling novel of the same name by Tom Wolfe. The film, which was a critical and commercial flop, stars Tom Hanks, Bruce Willis, Melanie Griffith, and Kim Cattrall. The original music score was composed by Dave Grusin. The","psg_id":"7842283"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)","text":"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film) The Bonfire of the Vanities is a 1990 American satirical black comedy film directed by Brian De Palma. The screenplay, written by Michael Cristofer, was adapted from the best-selling novel of the same name by Tom Wolfe. The film, which was a critical and commercial flop, stars Tom Hanks, Bruce Willis, Melanie Griffith, and Kim Cattrall. The original music score was composed by Dave Grusin. The film was a box office bomb, grossing just $15 million against its $47 million budget. The controversies surrounding the film were detailed in a book called \"The Devil's","psg_id":"7842262"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities","text":"direction by Michael Bergmann, premiered in New York on October 9, 2015. Amazon Studios, in association with Warner Bros. TV, is working on an eight-episode, one-hour drama series based on the book, produced by Chuck Lorre. It will be distributed through Amazon Video. The Bonfire of the Vanities The Bonfire of the Vanities is a 1987 satirical novel by Tom Wolfe. The story is a drama about ambition, racism, social class, politics, and greed in 1980s New York City and centers on three main characters: WASP bond trader Sherman McCoy, Jewish assistant district attorney Larry Kramer, and British expatriate journalist","psg_id":"2734192"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities","text":"bestseller and a phenomenal success, even in comparison with Wolfe's other books. It has often been called the quintessential novel of the 1980s. The title is a reference to the historical Bonfire of the Vanities, which happened in 1497 in Florence, Italy, when the city was under the rule of the Dominican priest Girolamo Savonarola, who ordered the burning of objects that church authorities considered sinful, such as cosmetics, mirrors, books and art. Wolfe intended his novel to capture the essence of New York City in the 1980s. Wall Street in the 1980s was newly resurgent after most of the","psg_id":"2734176"},{"title":"Bonfire of the vanities","text":"Bonfire of the vanities A bonfire of the vanities () is a burning of objects condemned by authorities as occasions of sin. The phrase usually refers to the bonfire of 7 February 1497, when supporters of the Dominican friar Girolamo Savonarola collected and publicly burned thousands of objects such as cosmetics, art, and books in Florence, Italy, on the Shrove Tuesday festival. For a first-hand account of the bonfire of the vanities that occurred in Florence, Italy in 1497, see Francesco Guicciardini's \"The History of Florence.\" The focus of this destruction was nominally on objects that might tempt one to","psg_id":"2633359"},{"title":"Tom Wolfe","text":"the terms \"statusphere\", \"the right stuff\", \"radical chic\", \"the Me Decade\" and \"good ol' boy\" into the English lexicon. Wolfe was at times incorrectly credited with coining the term \"trophy wife\". His term for extremely thin women in his novel \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" was \"X-rays\". According to journalism professor Ben Yagoda, Wolfe is also responsible for the use of the present tense in magazine profile pieces; before he began doing so in the early 1960s, profile articles had always been written in the past tense. Tom Wolfe Thomas Kennerly Wolfe Jr. (March 2, 1930 – May 14, 2018)","psg_id":"1542261"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)","text":"scribes of the Old Testament among its victims - but you'd be hard-pressed to find an adaptation that screws up as royally as Brian De Palma's take on \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\". Miscast, misguided and miserably unfunny, Tom Wolfe's black satire about avarice, prejudice and criminal injustice in the loony-toon town of New York has been raped, stripped of all ambiguity and dimension,\" and he ended the review by saying, \"What a mess.\" Of the way Tom Wolfe's story was adapted, Brian De Palma said, \"The initial concept of it was incorrect. If you're going to do \"The Bonfire","psg_id":"7842277"},{"title":"Tom Wolfe","text":"Wolfe researched and revised for two years, and his \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" was published in 1987. The book was a commercial and critical success, spending weeks on bestseller lists and earning praise from the very literary establishment on which Wolfe had long heaped scorn. Because of the success of Wolfe's first novel, there was widespread interest in his second. This novel took him more than 11 years to complete; \"A Man in Full\" was published in 1998. The book's reception was not universally favorable, though it received glowing reviews in \"Time\", \"Newsweek\", \"The Wall Street Journal\", and elsewhere.","psg_id":"1542248"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Manatees","text":"the first of 16 great guest stars on \"The Simpsons\". The episode is also notable for having predicted the team matchup for Super Bowl XLVIII between the Denver Broncos and the Seattle Seahawks. The title of the episode is a reference to the novel \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" by Tom Wolfe. The Bonfire of the Manatees \"The Bonfire of the Manatees\" is the first episode of \"The Simpsons<nowiki>'</nowiki>\" seventeenth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on September 11, 2005, making it the first \"Simpsons\" season premiere to air in September since the eleventh","psg_id":"5933509"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities","text":"resulted in the freezing of his assets. The all-but-forgotten Henry Lamb succumbs to his injuries from the accident; McCoy, penniless and estranged from his wife and daughter, awaits trial for vehicular manslaughter. In the novel's closing, Tommy Killian holds forth: \"Bonfire\" was Wolfe's first novel. Wolfe's prior works were mostly non-fiction journalistic articles and books. His earlier short stories appeared in his collection \"Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine\". According to Wolfe, the characters are composites of many individuals and cultural observations. However, some characters were based on real people. Wolfe has acknowledged the character of Tommy Killian is","psg_id":"2734189"},{"title":"Bonfire of the vanities","text":"“bonfire of the vanities.” He collected various objects that he considered to be objectionable: irreplaceable manuscripts, ancient sculptures, antique and modern paintings, priceless tapestries, and many other valuable works of art, as well as mirrors, musical instruments, books of divination, astrology, and magic. He destroyed the works of Ovid, Propertius, Dante, and Boccaccio. So great was his influence that he even managed to obtain the cooperation of major contemporary artists such as Sandro Botticelli and Lorenzo di Credi, who reluctantly consigned some of their own works to his bonfires. Anyone who tried to object found their hands being forced by","psg_id":"2633362"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities","text":"by the lapels and won't let go\", but criticized its sometimes superficial characters, saying when \"the book is over, there is an odd aftertaste, not entirely pleasant.\" In 1990, \"Bonfire\" was adapted into a film starring Tom Hanks as Sherman McCoy, Kim Cattrall as his wife Judy, Melanie Griffith as his mistress Maria, and Bruce Willis as journalist (and narrator of the film) Peter Fallow. The screenplay was written by Michael Cristofer. Wolfe was paid $750,000 for the rights. The film, however, was a commercial and critical flop. An opera adaptation, with music by Stefania de Kenessey and libretto and","psg_id":"2734191"},{"title":"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast","text":"subjects of the stories and recording minute details of everyday routine. In his novel, \"Bonfire of the Vanities\", Wolfe used many of the writing techniques in his journalism, but this time to tell what Wolfe called a \"fictional novel\" (though novel traditionally denotes fiction and is hence redundant, Wolfe's \"New Journalism\" was sometimes described as non-fiction novels). In addition, Wolfe set out in \"Bonfire\" to capture the spirit of New York City in the 1980s. The book was a commercial success, becoming a New York Times Bestseller and earning critical praise. In his \"Harper's\" essay, Wolfe (at the time a","psg_id":"10844857"},{"title":"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast","text":"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast \"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast\" is an essay by Tom Wolfe that appeared in the November 1989 issue of \"Harper's Magazine\" criticizing the American literary establishment for retreating from realism. After being serialized in \"Rolling Stone\" magazine, Wolfe's first novel, \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" was published in 1987. Prior to the novel, Wolfe had made his career as a journalist and author of non-fiction books. Wolfe had been a pioneer of \"New Journalism,\" a style of non-fiction that relied heavily on novelistic techniques such as the use of scene, dialogue, first-person point of view from the","psg_id":"10844856"},{"title":"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast","text":"to Dream\". Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast \"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast\" is an essay by Tom Wolfe that appeared in the November 1989 issue of \"Harper's Magazine\" criticizing the American literary establishment for retreating from realism. After being serialized in \"Rolling Stone\" magazine, Wolfe's first novel, \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" was published in 1987. Prior to the novel, Wolfe had made his career as a journalist and author of non-fiction books. Wolfe had been a pioneer of \"New Journalism,\" a style of non-fiction that relied heavily on novelistic techniques such as the use of scene, dialogue, first-person point of view","psg_id":"10844864"},{"title":"Tom Wolfe","text":"and \"The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby\". In 1979, he published the influential book \"The Right Stuff\" about the Mercury Seven astronauts, which was made into a 1983 film of the same name directed by Philip Kaufman. His first novel, \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\", published in 1987, was met with critical acclaim and also became a commercial success. It was adapted as a major motion picture of the same name directed by Brian De Palma. Wolfe was born on March 2, 1930, in Richmond, Virginia, the son of Helen Perkins Hughes Wolfe, a garden designer, and Thomas Kennerly Wolfe Sr.,","psg_id":"1542230"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)","text":"is a movie; it isn't the book.' And I think if you look at the movie now, and you don't know anything about the book, and you get it out of the time that it was released, I think you can see it in a whole different way.\" In the countries of the former Yugoslavia, it has been aired on various TV stations dozens of times and is still regularly aired each year. The controversies surrounding the film were detailed in a book called \"The Devil's Candy: The Bonfire of the Vanities Goes to Hollywood\" (1991), written by Julie Salamon.","psg_id":"7842280"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)","text":"Candy: The Bonfire of the Vanities Goes to Hollywood\" (1991), written by Julie Salamon. Sherman McCoy is a Wall Street bond trader who makes millions while enjoying the good life and the sexual favors of Maria Ruskin, a Southern belle gold digger. Sherman and Maria are driving back to Maria's apartment from JFK Airport when they take a wrong turn on the expressway and find themselves in the \"war-zone\" of the South Bronx. They are approached by two black youths after Sherman gets out of the car to move a tire out of the road. Sherman jumps back into the","psg_id":"7842263"},{"title":"Exclamation mark","text":"with a single, nonstandard punctuation mark, the interrobang, which is the combination of a question mark and an exclamation mark. Overly frequent use of the exclamation mark is generally considered poor writing, for it distracts the reader and devalues the mark's significance. Some authors, however, most notably Tom Wolfe and Madison Acampora, are known for unashamedly liberal use of the exclamation mark. In comic books, the very frequent use of exclamation mark is common—see Comics, below. For information on the use of spaces after an exclamation mark, see the discussion of spacing after a full stop. Several studies have shown","psg_id":"9065732"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)","text":"the human condition, that the satire is about as socially incisive as a Police Academy entry.\" Vincent Canby in \"The New York Times\" denounced \"Brian De Palma's gross, unfunny movie adaptation.\" Owen Gleiberman of \"Entertainment Weekly\" called it, \"one of the most indecently bad movies of the year.\" Rita Kempley said in \"The Washington Post\", \"the director has become one with the buffoons Wolfe scored in his bestseller. He has not only filed Wolfe's teeth but stuck his tail between his legs,\" and called the film, \"A calamity of miscasting and commercial concessions.\" In \"Rolling Stone\", Peter Travers wrote, \"On","psg_id":"7842275"},{"title":"Bonfire of the vanities","text":"teams of ardent Savonarola supporters. These supporters called themselves Piagnoni (Weepers) after a public nickname that was originally intended as an insult. Savonarola’s influence did not go unnoticed by the higher church officials, however, and his excesses earned him the disdain of Pope Alexander VI. He was eventually excommunicated on May 13, 1497. His charge was heresy and sedition at the command of Pope Alexander VI. Savonarola was executed on May 23, 1498, hung on a cross and burned to death. His death occurred in the Piazza della Signoria, where he had previously held his bonfires of the vanities. The","psg_id":"2633363"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities","text":"based on New York lawyer Edward Hayes, to whom the book is dedicated. The character of the Reverend Bacon is considered by many to be based on the Reverends Al Sharpton and/or Jesse Jackson, who have both campaigned under the banner of eliminating racism. In 2007, on the book's 20th anniversary of publication, \"The New York Times\" published a retrospective on how the city had changed since Wolfe's novel. The book was a major bestseller, and also received strong reviews. \"The New York Times\" praised the book, saying it was \"a big, bitter, funny, craftily plotted book that grabs you","psg_id":"2734190"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)","text":"of the Vanities\", you would have to make it a lot darker and more cynical, but because it was such an expensive movie we tried to humanize the Sherman McCoy character – a very unlikeable character, much like the character in \"The Magnificent Ambersons\". We could have done that if we'd been making a low-budget movie, but this was a studio movie with Tom Hanks in it. We made a couple of choices that in retrospect were wrong. I think John Lithgow would have been a better choice for Sherman McCoy, because he would have got the blue-blood arrogance of","psg_id":"7842278"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities","text":"Among his models was William Makepeace Thackeray's \"Vanity Fair\", which described the society of 19th century England. Wolfe remained occupied writing nonfiction books on his own and contributing to \"Harper's\" until 1981, when he ceased his other projects to work on the novel. Wolfe began researching the novel by observing cases at the Manhattan Criminal Court and shadowing members of the Bronx homicide squad. To overcome a case of writer's block, Wolfe wrote to Jann Wenner, editor of \"Rolling Stone\", to propose an idea drawn from Charles Dickens and Thackeray. The Victorian writers whom Wolfe viewed as his models had","psg_id":"2734179"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities","text":"often written their novels in serial installments. Wenner offered Wolfe around $200,000 to serialize his work. The deadline pressure gave him the motivation he had hoped for, and from July 1984 to August 1985 each biweekly issue of \"Rolling Stone\" contained a new installment. Wolfe was not happy with his \"very public first draft\", and thoroughly revised his work. Even Sherman McCoy, the central character of the novel, changed—originally a writer, in the book version he is cast as a bond salesman. (Wolfe came up with the revised occupation after spending a day on the government-bond desk of Salomon Brothers,","psg_id":"2734180"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)","text":"Salamon was the film critic for \"The Wall Street Journal\" and wanted to write a book about the adaptation of the novel. She was granted much access to the filming of \"Bonfire\". Among other things, the book describes how Brian de Palma had a difficult relationship with then-rising-star Bruce Willis who, in the words of Julie Salamon, \"was generally disliked by most of the cast and crew [due to his ego].\" In one instance, during the filming of a scene in which Willis was with Alan King (the scene in which the character played by King dies), Willis challenged the","psg_id":"7842281"},{"title":"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast","text":"with his essay, stating that he essentially had argued that other writers need to be more like himself. Critics also noted that while many authors wrote the sorts of books Wolfe criticized, there were countless authors like Don DeLillo or John le Carré, Louise Erdrich or Toni Morrison, who wrote realism and were critically praised. \"The Times\" described the essay as \"one part serious argument with two parts calculated provocation,\" noting that the essay had helped continue discussion (and boost sales) of \"Bonfire of the Vanities\". Others were outright dismissive, with author Jim Harrison opining that Wolfe's ideas were \"the","psg_id":"10844862"},{"title":"Tom Wolfe","text":"An initial printing of 1.2 million copies was announced and the book stayed at number one on the \"New York Times\" bestseller list for ten weeks. Noted author John Updike wrote a critical review for \"The New Yorker\", complaining that the novel \"amounts to entertainment, not literature, even literature in a modest aspirant form.\" His comments sparked an intense war of words in the print and broadcast media among Wolfe and Updike, and authors John Irving and Norman Mailer, who also entered the fray. In 2001, Wolfe published an essay referring to these three authors as \"My Three Stooges.\" That","psg_id":"1542249"},{"title":"Tom Wolfe (woodcarver)","text":"demonstrating and selling his original wood carvings at many of the Guilds shops several times throughout the year. Tom's main area of artistic exploration is what is referred to as Cariacature Carving. He is a member of the Cariacature Carvers of America(the CCA), an association of like-minded Artists who work to further the craft and the public's greater appreciation and understanding of it. Caricatures in Clay with Tom Wolfe <br> Basic Penknife Carving with Tom Wolfe <br> Carving Traditional Woodspirits with Tom Wolfe <br> Carving Bottlestoppers with Tom Wolfe<br> Carving Canes & Walking Sticks with Tom Wolfe<br> Carving Cigar Humidors","psg_id":"6338701"},{"title":"Bonfire of the vanities","text":"papal authorities took a leaf out of Savonarola's book on censorship, because the day after his execution they gave word that anyone in possession of the Friar's writings had four days to turn them over to a papal agent to be destroyed. Anyone who failed to do so faced excommunication. Although it is widely reported that the Florentian artist Sandro Botticelli burned several of his paintings based on classical mythology in the great Florentine bonfire of 1497, the historical record on this is not clear. According to the art historian Giorgio Vasari, Botticelli was a partisan of Savonarola: \"He was","psg_id":"2633364"},{"title":"Tom Wolfe","text":"Tom Wolfe Thomas Kennerly Wolfe Jr. (March 2, 1930 – May 14, 2018) was an American author and journalist widely known for his association with New Journalism, a style of news writing and journalism developed in the 1960s and 1970s that incorporated literary techniques. Wolfe began his career as a regional newspaper reporter in the 1950s, achieving national prominence in the 1960s following the publication of such best-selling books as \"The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test\" (a highly experimental account of Ken Kesey and the Merry Pranksters) and two collections of articles and essays, \"Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers\"","psg_id":"1542229"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities","text":"of Brooklyn in 1982, and Michael Griffith in Howard Beach, Queens, in 1986. In another episode that became a subject of much media attention, Bernhard Goetz became something of a folk-hero in the city for shooting a group of black men who tried to rob him in the subway in 1984. Burton B. Roberts, a Bronx judge known for his no-nonsense imperious handling of cases in his courtroom, became the model for the character of Myron Kovitsky in the book. Throughout his early career, Wolfe had planned to write a novel that would capture the wide spectrum of American society.","psg_id":"2734178"},{"title":"Tom Wolfe","text":"reporting, according to communication professor Richard Kallan, \"entails a more complex set of relationships wherein the journalist becomes an involved, more fully reactive witness, no longer distanced and detached from the people and events reported.\" Wolfe's \"The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test\" is considered a striking example of New Journalism. This account of the Merry Pranksters, a famous sixties counter-culture group, was highly experimental in Wolfe's use of onomatopoeia, free association, and eccentric punctuation—such as multiple exclamation marks and italics—to convey the manic ideas and personalities of Ken Kesey and his followers. In addition to his own work, Wolfe edited a","psg_id":"1542240"},{"title":"Tom Wolfe (woodcarver)","text":"with Tom Wolfe<br> Carving Desperados with Tom Wolfe<br> Carving Down-Home Angels with Tom Wolfe<br> Carving From Roughouts with Tom Wolfe<br> Carving Gnomes with Tom Wolfe<br> Carving Out the Wild West with Tom Wolfe: The Saloon<br> Carving Santas for Today: With Tom Wolfe<br> Carving the Civil War: with Tom Wolfe<br> Carving Wizards with Tom Wolfe<br> Country Flat Carving with Tom Wolfe<br> Creative Canes & Walking Sticks: Carving with Tom Wolfe<br> Horse Carving: with Tom Wolfe<br> More Santa Carving with Tom Wolfe<br> Out to the Ball Game with Tom Wolfe<br> Tom Wolfe (woodcarver) Tom James Wolfe began woodcarving at the age of","psg_id":"6338702"},{"title":"Bonfire of the vanities","text":"\"Romola\" (1863), E. R. Eddison's \"A Fish Dinner in Memison\" (1941), Irving Stone's \"The Agony and the Ecstasy\" (1961), Chelsea Quinn Yarbro's \"The Palace\" (1978), Michael Ondaatje's \"The English Patient – part two\" 1992, Roger Zelazny and Robert Sheckley's \"If at Faust You Don't Succeed\" (1993), Timothy Findley's \"Pilgrim\" (1999), Ian Caldwell and Dustin Thomason's \"Rule of Four\" (2004), the novel \"I, Mona Lisa\" by Jeanne Kalogridis (2006), the Showtime series \"The Borgias\", The Sky (Italy) and Netflix (North America) series \"Borgia\", and \"The Botticelli Affair\" by Traci L. Slatton (2013). Other references in popular culture include these: Bonfire of","psg_id":"2633366"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)","text":"film, Bonfire achieves a consistency of ineptitude rare even in this era of over-inflated cinematic air bags.\" Gene Siskel wrote in \"The Chicago Tribune\", \"preview audiences have hooted the film`s revisionist ending, which concludes with a sermon. I didn`t hoot because I was too sad. I gave up on the movie well before the ending.\" In her review for \"The Los Angeles Times\", Sheila Benson called the film, \"an overstated, cartooned film for dullards.\" Steven Rea wrote in \"The Philadelphia Inquirer\", \"Big books have been bastardized by Hollywood before - it's a time-honored tradition that counts Hemingway, Faulkner and the","psg_id":"7842276"},{"title":"A Man in Full","text":"which Croker is indebted, Roger Too White's former fraternity brother (now mayor of Atlanta), and the entirety of 'respectable' Atlanta society. \"A Man In Full\" is written much in the style of Wolfe's other fictions, such as \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" and \"I Am Charlotte Simmons\". Released eleven years after Wolfe's bestselling novel \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\", \"A Man in Full\" was widely anticipated; Wolfe was known to be working on the research for this follow-up effort for several years. Most of the mainstream American newspapers and news magazines gave the book positive reviews. However, a second wave","psg_id":"3858198"},{"title":"Carroll Smith-Rosenberg","text":"for how feminists could literally make history” (Potter, 2015). Her first publication in this area, the article “Dis-covering the Subject of the Great Constitutional Debate,” was awarded the Binkley-Stephenson Award by the Organization of American Historians in 1993. Her book, \"This Violent Empire: The Birth of an American National Identity\", won a Choice Award for Distinguished Scholarly Book in 2011. Smith-Rosenberg was born in Yonkers, New York, 15 March 1936 to Carroll Smith and Angela Haug Smith. She grew up near Yankee Stadium, in the Bronx neighborhood described by Tom Wolfe in \"Bonfire of the Vanities\"; her heritage included a","psg_id":"19678155"},{"title":"Jann Wenner","text":"wife, Jane Schindelheim. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Wenner played an integral role in popularizing writers such as Hunter S. Thompson, Ben Fong-Torres, Paul Nelson, Greil Marcus, Dave Marsh, Grover Lewis, Timothy Crouse, Timothy Ferris, Joe Klein, Cameron Crowe, Joe Eszterhas and P.J. O'Rourke. He also discovered photographer Annie Leibovitz when she was a 21-year-old San Francisco Art Institute student. Many of Wenner's proteges, such as Crowe, credit him with giving them their biggest breaks. Tom Wolfe recognized Wenner's influence in ensuring that his first novel, \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\", was completed, stating \"I was absolutely frozen with fright","psg_id":"2277222"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)","text":"requiring a 24-hour timelapse of Manhattan, from a camera platform beside a gargoyle on top of the Chrysler Building. Several of the sets parodied the home decorated by Robert Denning and Vincent Fourcade for Carolyne Roehm and Henry Kravis. The cover of Peter Fallow's book in the film has a similar design to the original first edition of Tom Wolfe's novel from 1987. Cristofer's original script ended cynically with the supposed victim of the hit-and-run walking out of the hospital, suggesting that the whole scenario was concocted. That ending did not test well with audiences and was dropped. Sherman and","psg_id":"7842271"},{"title":"Tom Smith (author)","text":"Tom Smith (author) Tom Smith is an American business executive and author. He is the co-author of four best-selling books on the subject of workplace accountability, \"The Oz Principle\", \"Change the Culture\", \"Change the Game, How Did That Happen?\", and \"The Wisdom of Oz\". Smith is co-founder of Partners In Leadership and is a \"New York Times\" bestselling author. He and his business partner, Roger Connors, have authored books on workplace accountability. Smith has conducted workshops and consulting engagements throughout the globe as he is recognized as an expert on the topic of workplace accountability. He is a facilitator of","psg_id":"18427019"},{"title":"Murder at the Vanities","text":"Hays Production went into full force. Filled with lewd dialogue, scantily clad ladies, and, oh hey, murder, here’s a movie that has something for anyone looking to see just how outrageous films could be in 1934. Murder at the Vanities Murder at the Vanities is a 1934 American Pre-Code musical film based on the 1933 Broadway musical with music by Victor Young. It was released by Paramount Pictures. It was directed by Mitchell Leisen, stars Victor McLaglen, Carl Brisson, Jack Oakie, Kitty Carlisle, Gertrude Michael, Toby Wing, and Jessie Ralph. Duke Ellington and his Orchestra are featured in the elaborate","psg_id":"8293870"},{"title":"Exclamation mark","text":"motivation, however, was simply that a period might disappear in the printing process used at the time, whereas an exclamation point would likely remain recognizable even if there was a printing glitch. For a short period Stan Lee, as Editor-in-Chief of Marvel Comics, attempted to curb their overuse by a short-lived ban on exclamation points altogether, which led to an inadvertent lack of ending punctuation on many sentences. Comic book writer Elliot S! Maggin once accidentally signed his name with an exclamation due to the habit of using them when writing comic scripts; it became his professional name from then","psg_id":"9065753"},{"title":"Tom Smith (author)","text":"American Society for Training & Development. He holds an MBA from The Marriott School of Management at Brigham Young University and a Bachelor of Arts in Humanities from the University of California, Irvine. He and his wife, Becky, have eight children and fifteen grandchildren. Tom Smith (author) Tom Smith is an American business executive and author. He is the co-author of four best-selling books on the subject of workplace accountability, \"The Oz Principle\", \"Change the Culture\", \"Change the Game, How Did That Happen?\", and \"The Wisdom of Oz\". Smith is co-founder of Partners In Leadership and is a \"New York","psg_id":"18427021"},{"title":"The Adventures of Nero Wolfe","text":"on Stout's principal characters but not his stories, the series ended with the broadcast July 14, 1944. Producer Himan Brown persuaded Rex Stout to agree to a Nero Wolfe radio series, for which the author received a weekly royalty for the use of his characters. Louis Vittes wrote most of the scripts for the 30-minute episodes, basing none of them on Stout's original stories. \"The Adventures of Nero Wolfe\" began on the regional New England Network April 10–June 25, 1943, with J. B. Williams starring as Rex Stout's armchair detective, Nero Wolfe. After a three-month trial run the show moved","psg_id":"11069408"},{"title":"Tom Wolfe (woodcarver)","text":"Tom Wolfe (woodcarver) Tom James Wolfe began woodcarving at the age of 12. He has become one of America's leading wood carvers with nearly 50 books in print with Schiffer Publications to date. Tom currently resides in Spruce Pine, NC and teaches classes several times a year at his workshop on Grandfather Mountain, as well as at the John C. Campbell School in Brasstown NC. In recent years Tom has taught classes in New Jersey, Tennessee, and Canada. Tom is a lifetime member of the Southern Highland Craft Guild, having been awarded this distinction in 2006, and can be found","psg_id":"6338700"},{"title":"Blockbuster (book)","text":"Blockbuster (book) Blockbuster: How Hollywood Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Summer is a 2004 non-fiction book by British film critic Tom Shone published by Simon & Schuster UK Ltd, . Based on interviews with leading Hollywood filmmakers, actors and production staff it examines the revolution in Hollywood movies brought about by \"Jaws\", \"Star Wars\", \"Alien\" and other summer blockbusters and how they became a global phenomenon. The tone and approach of the book is not one of film criticism as such but rather an analysis of how the blockbuster era came into being, and the processes which drove","psg_id":"12273384"},{"title":"Exclamation mark","text":"Mario\" series, an exclamation mark appears over enemies' heads when they notice the player. In the 2005 arcade dance simulation game \"In the Groove 2\", there is a song titled \"!\" (also referred to as \"bang\") by the artist Onyx. In recent Internet culture, especially where leet is used, multiple exclamation marks may be affixed with the numeral \"1\" as in \"!!!!!!111\". The notation originates from a common error: when typing multiple exclamation points quickly, the typist may fail to hold the combination that produces the exclamation mark on many keyboard layouts. This error, first used intentionally as a joke","psg_id":"9065750"},{"title":"Burton B. Roberts","text":"Burton B. Roberts Burton Bennett Roberts (July 25, 1922 – October 24, 2010) served as Bronx district attorney before his election as a judge, later serving as the chief administrative judge for the New York Supreme Court in the Bronx until his retirement in 1998 after 25 years on the bench. His no-nonsense manner as a prosecutor and in court made him the model for the character Myron Kovitsky in the 1987 book \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" by Tom Wolfe. Roberts was born on July 25, 1922, in New York City and earned his undergraduate degree in 1943 at","psg_id":"15014547"},{"title":"Tom Wolfe","text":"experimented with a variety of literary techniques, mixing them with the traditional ideal of dispassionate, even-handed reporting. Wolfe experimented with four literary devices not normally associated with feature writing: scene-by-scene construction, extensive dialogue, multiple points of view, and detailed description of individuals' status-life symbols (the material choices people make) in writing this stylized form of journalism. He later referred to this style as literary journalism. Of the use of status symbols, Wolfe has said, \"I think every living moment of a human being's life, unless the person is starving or in immediate danger of death in some other way, is","psg_id":"1542238"},{"title":"Tom Reynolds (author)","text":"Tom Reynolds (author) Tom Reynolds (born 1960 in Wisconsin) is an American author and television producer. He is not Tom Reynolds (born 1971) who wrote \"Blood Sweat and Tea\" (2010). He wrote the popular books \"\" and \".\" He also wrote \"Wild ride : how outlaw motorcycle myth conquered America\". This book was based on his 1999 documentary. He currently lives in Nacogdoches, Texas, where he teaches Speech and English at Stephen F. Austin State University. He wrote the popular books \"\" and \".\" He also wrote \"Wild ride: how outlaw motorcycle myth conquered America\". In 1996, he transitioned into","psg_id":"12685759"},{"title":"Burton B. Roberts","text":"retirement from the bench in 1998. Immortalized in \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" as judge Myron Kovitsky, a character based on Roberts, he was one of the few sympathetic characters in the book, one who would not be swayed by prosecutors or the press. Wolfe dedicated the book to Roberts and one of his assistants, calling Roberts \"one of the great figures in New York\" and considered him \"the greatest single figure I've run into\". In the 1990 film adaptation of the book starring Tom Hanks, Bruce Willis and Melanie Griffith, the role of the judge was renamed to Leonard","psg_id":"15014553"},{"title":"Sol Wachtler","text":"Appeals in January 1985. The same month as his appointment, Wachtler was quoted by the New York Daily News as saying that \"district attorneys now have so much influence on grand juries that 'by and large' they could get them to 'indict a ham sandwich.'\" This quote was then used by Tom Wolfe (and attributed to Wachtler) in Wolfe's 1987 novel \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\", paraphrased into \"a grand jury would 'indict a ham sandwich,' if that's what you wanted.\" As of 2018, the \"ham sandwich\" phrase remains in common usage in legal discussions. Wachtler's decision in \"Chapadeau v.","psg_id":"6278996"},{"title":"Liar's Poker","text":"more junk bonds. Lewis remarked in his conclusion that the 1980s were a time when anyone could make millions, provided they were in the right place at the right time, as exemplified by Lewis Ranieri's success. Liar's Poker Liar's Poker is a non-fiction, semi-autobiographical book by Michael Lewis describing the author's experiences as a bond salesman on Wall Street during the late 1980s. First published in 1989, it is considered one of the books that defined Wall Street during the 1980s, along with Bryan Burrough and John Helyar's \"\", and the fictional \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" by Tom Wolfe.","psg_id":"3361177"},{"title":"Gerald J. Ford","text":"Residential Cmnts LLC. His other investments include the auto-finance company AmeriCredit, Pacific Capital Bancorp and 120,000 acres (486 km²) of rangeland in New Mexico. Ford has a history of buying and selling banks for profit, with Golden State Bancorp and then bailed-out Pacific Capital Bancorp, being most notable wins. In a 2010 interview on entrepreneurship with \"Forbes\", he suggested reading \"The Great Gatsby\" by F. Scott Fitzgerald, \"The Financier\" by Theodore Dreiser, \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" by Tom Wolfe, \"Too Big to Fail\" by Andrew Ross Sorkin and \"The Big Short\" by Michael Lewis\". He has been a member","psg_id":"4326369"},{"title":"Michael Cristofer","text":"Box\", directed by Paul Newman (Golden Globe Award, Emmy nomination); \"Falling in Love\"; \"The Witches of Eastwick\", adapted from the novel by John Updike; \"The Bonfire of the Vanities,\" adapted from the novel by Tom Wolfe and directed by Brian De Palma; \"Breaking Up\", and \"Casanova\". His directing credits include \"Gia\", for HBO Pictures (starring Angelina Jolie, Mercedes Ruehl and Faye Dunaway), which was nominated for five Emmy Awards and for which he won a Directors Guild Award. He next directed \"Body Shots\"; and \"Original Sin\", which was released in 2001. For eight years he worked as artistic advisor and","psg_id":"8100347"},{"title":"Tom Wolfe","text":"a prize established \"to draw attention to the crude, tasteless, often perfunctory use of redundant passages of sexual description in the modern novel\". Wolfe later explained that such sexual references were deliberately clinical. Wolfe wrote that his goal in writing fiction was to document contemporary society in the tradition of John Steinbeck, Charles Dickens, and Émile Zola. Wolfe announced in early 2008 that he was leaving his longtime publisher, Farrar, Straus and Giroux. His fourth novel, \"Back to Blood\", was published in October 2012 by Little, Brown. According to \"The New York Times\", Wolfe was paid close to US$7 million","psg_id":"1542251"},{"title":"Exclamation mark","text":"after a word is used to indicate its presence in the Official Tournament and Club Word List but its absence from the Official Scrabble Players Dictionary, usually because the word has been judged offensive. Exclamation points or asterisks can be used on scorecards to denote a \"great defensive play\". The band !!! (pronounced \"Chk Chk Chk\") uses exclamation points as its name. In 2008, the pop-punk band Panic! at the Disco dropped the exclamation point in its name; this became the \"most-discussed topic on [fan] message boards around the world\". In 2009, the exclamation mark was re-inserted following the band's","psg_id":"9065755"},{"title":"Tom Wolfe","text":"some critics suggesting Wolfe's view on how humans developed speech were not supported by research and were opinionated. Wolfe also wrote two critiques of and social histories of modern art and modern architecture, \"The Painted Word\" and \"From Bauhaus to Our House\", published in 1975 and 1981, respectively. \"The Painted Word\" mocked the excessive insularity of the art world and its dependence on what he saw as faddish critical theory. In \"From Bauhaus to Our House\" he explored what he said were the negative effects of the Bauhaus style on the evolution of modern architecture. In 1977, PBS produced \"Tom","psg_id":"1542245"},{"title":"Tom Knox (author)","text":"Sunday Times bestseller top ten in February 2017. A third novel, \"Just Before I Died\", was published in August 2018. Sean Thomas lives in Camden, north London. His ancestry is Cornish; his father is the author D. M. Thomas. He has written three novels under his own name, the second, \"Kissing England\", won the Literary Review's \"Bad Sex\" award in 2000. Thomas's fourth book \"Millions Of Women Are Waiting To Meet You\", was a memoir of his lovelife; it was a best-seller, translated into eight languages, and was the Guardian newspaper's \"paperback of the week\" in May, 2007. Tom Knox","psg_id":"14948990"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Manatees","text":"The Bonfire of the Manatees \"The Bonfire of the Manatees\" is the first episode of \"The Simpsons<nowiki>'</nowiki>\" seventeenth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on September 11, 2005, making it the first \"Simpsons\" season premiere to air in September since the eleventh season opened with \"Beyond Blunderdome\" on September 26, 1999. The episode was written by Dan Greaney and directed by Mark Kirkland. In its original broadcast, it was watched by around eleven million viewers. Homer gets into trouble with the local mob over football gambling debts. As compensation, Fat Tony wants to use","psg_id":"5933504"},{"title":"Murder at the Vanities","text":"Murder at the Vanities Murder at the Vanities is a 1934 American Pre-Code musical film based on the 1933 Broadway musical with music by Victor Young. It was released by Paramount Pictures. It was directed by Mitchell Leisen, stars Victor McLaglen, Carl Brisson, Jack Oakie, Kitty Carlisle, Gertrude Michael, Toby Wing, and Jessie Ralph. Duke Ellington and his Orchestra are featured in the elaborate finale number. The film is primarily a musical, based on Earl Carroll's long-running Broadway revue \"Earl Carroll's Vanities\", combined with a murder mystery. Songs featured in the film by Arthur Johnston and Sam Coslow include \"Cocktails","psg_id":"8293865"},{"title":"Claire Wolfe","text":"by Loompanics Unlimited and became an underground bestseller. Wolfe wrote a column for WorldNetDaily in the late 1990s and has written and blogged irregularly since then. \"The Freedom Outlaw's Handbook\" (2004) is a compilation of ideas from Wolfe's first two books, both of which are now out of print. Claire Wolfe Claire Wolfe is a libertarian author and columnist. Some of Wolfe's favored topics are gulching or homesteading, firearms, homeschooling, open source technology, and opposition to national ID and the surveillance state or nanny state. Wolfe's books include such titles as \"101 Things to Do 'Til the Revolution\" and \"I","psg_id":"4786402"},{"title":"Blockbuster LLC","text":"portray the brand as family-friendly. However, the company did carry R-rated and unrated films. Blockbuster Entertainment Inc. ran an awards show annually from 1995 to 2001 called the \"Blockbuster Entertainment Awards\". In November 2001, Blockbuster announced that it would cancel the 2002 award show following concerns about viewership and celebrity attendance after the September 11 attacks. Blockbuster Express was a movie-rental kiosk brand sublicensed for use by licensee NCR Corporation. In 2011, nearly 10,000 Blockbuster Express kiosks were in operation. Apart from the license to use the Blockbuster brand name, Blockbuster Express kiosks are unrelated to Blockbuster LLC, its stores,","psg_id":"2005085"},{"title":"The Book of Atrix Wolfe","text":"The Book of Atrix Wolfe The Book of Atrix Wolfe is a 1995 fantasy novel written by American author Patricia A. McKillip. It was a finalist for the 1996 Mythopoeic Fantasy Award for Adult Literature. For twenty years, Atrix Wolfe has turned his back on his magic to live with the wolves in the mountains. A powerful mage, twenty years ago Atrix Wolfe turned the King of the Wood into a terrible Hunter in order to force the invading Kardeth army, which threatened the kingdoms of Pelucir and Chaumenard, to retreat. The Hunter massacred not only the invaders, but the","psg_id":"13411384"},{"title":"Bonfire of the vanities","text":"so ardent a partisan that he was thereby induced to desert his painting, and, having no income to live on, fell into very great distress.\" Writing several centuries later, Orestes Brownson, an apologist for Savonarola, mentions artwork only by Fra Bartolomeo, Lorenzo di Credi, and \"many other painters,\" along with \"several antique statues.\" Art historian Rab Hatfield argues that one of Botticelli's paintings, \"The Mystical Nativity\", is based on the sermon Savonarola delivered on Christmas Eve, 1493. The event has been represented or mentioned in varying degrees of detail in a number of works of historical fiction, including George Eliot's","psg_id":"2633365"},{"title":"Tom Wolfe","text":"things, how American life in the 1960s had been transformed by post-WWII economic prosperity. His defining work from this era is \"The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test\" (published the same day as \"The Pump House Gang\" in 1968), which for many epitomized the 1960s. Although a conservative in many ways (in 2008, he claimed never to have used LSD and to have tried marijuana only once) Wolfe became one of the notable figures of the decade. In 1970, he published two essays in book form as \"Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers\". \"Radical Chic\" was a biting account of a","psg_id":"1542242"},{"title":"The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby","text":"book indicates, Wolfe liberally uses colorful language. In addition, he makes frequent use of onomatopoeia, and uses all manner of type: capitalization, italics, multiple exclamation points, dashes, etc. Another characteristic of Wolfe's writing is switching from highly technical or scientific explanations to very colloquial turns of phrase, often within a single sentence. And, just as Wolfe uses medical jargon when describing the body, he uses commercial language when describing products and slang and vulgarity when chronicling sub-cultures. Most of these techniques remain hallmarks of Wolfe's writing style throughout his career, including in his publications following \"The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby\":","psg_id":"6375512"},{"title":"Blockbuster (book)","text":"directly interviewed. By the 1990s, however, Shone admits that Hollywood blockbusters were out of control and there was doubt as to whether the major studios were in the film business any more. The book concludes that blockbusters were rescued as a popular and credible film type by 2004, when \"\" became the first blockbuster to receive not only massive worldwide box office receipts but a clean sweep at the Oscars. Blockbuster (book) Blockbuster: How Hollywood Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Summer is a 2004 non-fiction book by British film critic Tom Shone published by Simon & Schuster UK","psg_id":"12273386"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)","text":"the character.\" De Palma has, however, been quick to downplay the notion that the movie suffered because of studio interference: \"The initial producers, once we had cast Tom Hanks, moved on and went over to Columbia Pictures, so I was sort of left to my own devices and pursued ways in which I thought I could make this movie more commercial and keep some edge of the book...I thought we were going to get away with it, but we didn't. I knew that the people who read the book were going to be extremely unhappy, and I said, 'Well, this","psg_id":"7842279"},{"title":"Bonfire toffee","text":"Bonfire toffee Bonfire toffee (also known as treacle toffee, Plot toffee, or Tom Trot) is a hard, brittle toffee associated with Halloween and Guy Fawkes Night (also known as \"Bonfire Night\") in the United Kingdom. The toffee tastes very strongly of molasses (black treacle), and cheap versions can be quite bitter. In Scotland, the treat is known as claggum, with less sweet versions known as clack. In Wales, it is known as loshin du. (losin du or taffi triog). The flavour is similar to that of butterscotch, although it is a toffee and never a viscous liquid. The use of","psg_id":"6511298"},{"title":"Fred Marcellino","text":"Fred Marcellino Fred Marcellino (October 25, 1939 – July 12, 2001) was an American illustrator and later an author of children's books who was very influential in the book industry. Publisher Nan Talese said that Marcellino could \"in one image, translate the whole feeling and style of a book.\" Such was the case with his evocative painting for Judith Rossner's \"August\", published and edited by Talese. Among many other commissions, he was responsible for the covers of Margaret Atwood's novel \"The Handmaid's Tale\", Tom Wolfe's \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" and the 1987 Dell Laurel Leaf edition of Allen Appel's","psg_id":"4417872"},{"title":"Tom Wolfe","text":"title character is a student of neuroscience. Wolfe describes the characters' thought and emotional processes, such as fear, humiliation and lust, in the clinical terminology of brain chemistry. Wolfe also frequently gives detailed descriptions of various aspects of his characters' anatomies. Wolfe adopted wearing a white suit as a trademark in 1962. He bought his first white suit, planning to wear it in the summer, in the style of Southern gentlemen. He found that the suit he'd bought was too heavy for summer use, so he wore it in winter, which created a sensation. At the time, white suits were","psg_id":"1542256"},{"title":"Tom Shroder","text":"of Florida. Tom Shroder Tom Shroder (born 1954 in New York City) is a journalist, writer and editor who worked for the \"Washington Post\" for many years. Shroder is the author of \"The Most Famous Writer Who Ever Lived: A True Story of My Family\" (2016) an investigation into the life of his grandfather, Pulitzer Prize winning novelist MacKinlay Kantor; \"Acid Test: LSD, Ecstasy and the Power to Heal\" (2014) about the resurgence of research into the medical use of psychedelic drugs, ghost writer of the New York Times bestseller The Operator: Firing the Shots That Killed Bin Laden and","psg_id":"15929588"},{"title":"Tom Shroder","text":"Tom Shroder Tom Shroder (born 1954 in New York City) is a journalist, writer and editor who worked for the \"Washington Post\" for many years. Shroder is the author of \"The Most Famous Writer Who Ever Lived: A True Story of My Family\" (2016) an investigation into the life of his grandfather, Pulitzer Prize winning novelist MacKinlay Kantor; \"Acid Test: LSD, Ecstasy and the Power to Heal\" (2014) about the resurgence of research into the medical use of psychedelic drugs, ghost writer of the New York Times bestseller The Operator: Firing the Shots That Killed Bin Laden and My Years","psg_id":"15929585"},{"title":"Tom Bennett (author)","text":"Weston, Amanda Spielman, Dr Rebecca Allen, Daisy Christodoulou, Chris Husbands, Brian Lightman, Laura McInerney, TM Sherrington' John Tomsett, Mary Whitehouse and many more. Held at Dulwich College, the plans are for this to become an annual event and a springboard for generating good practice in educational research. Tom Bennett (author) Tom Bennett, raised in Glasgow, is best known for his online blog \"The Behaviour Guru\" of which spawned his first book, \"The Behaviour Guru: Behaviour Management Solutions for Teachers\". Bennett is also a former nightclub manager on the Soho social scene which he did for eight years, which he entered","psg_id":"15602221"},{"title":"Tom Wolfe","text":"the thesis: \"Reading it, one sees what has been the most baleful influence of graduate education on many who have suffered through it: It deadens all sense of style.\" Originally rejected, his thesis was finally accepted after he rewrote it in an objective rather than a subjective style. Upon leaving Yale, he wrote a friend, explaining through expletives his personal opinions about his thesis. Though Wolfe was offered teaching jobs in academia, he opted to work as a reporter. In 1956, while still preparing his thesis, Wolfe became a reporter for the \"Springfield Union\" in Springfield, Massachusetts. Wolfe finished his","psg_id":"1542234"},{"title":"Tom Wolfe","text":"still in college, Wolfe continued playing baseball as a pitcher and began to play semi-professionally. In 1952, he earned a tryout with the New York Giants but was cut after three days, which he blamed on his inability to throw good fastballs. Wolfe abandoned baseball and instead followed his professor Fishwick's example, enrolling in Yale University's American studies doctoral program. His Ph.D. thesis was titled \"The League of American Writers: Communist Organizational Activity Among American Writers, 1929-1942.\" In the course of his research, Wolfe interviewed many writers, including Malcolm Cowley, Archibald MacLeish, and James T. Farrell. A biographer remarked on","psg_id":"1542233"},{"title":"Ham sandwich","text":"from the processed meat. A ham sandwich was suspected of causing an outbreak of swine fever in the UK in 2000. New York State chief judge Sol Wachtler was famously quoted by Tom Wolfe in \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" that \"a grand jury would 'indict a ham sandwich,' if that's what you wanted.\" A fictional talking ham sandwich appeared in an online noir serial in the late 1990s, and the publishers sued in 1999 when a similar character appeared in a television advertisement for Florida orange juice, though the suit was withdrawn. The name \"ham sandwich\" is sometimes used","psg_id":"11224501"},{"title":"Liar's Poker","text":"Liar's Poker Liar's Poker is a non-fiction, semi-autobiographical book by Michael Lewis describing the author's experiences as a bond salesman on Wall Street during the late 1980s. First published in 1989, it is considered one of the books that defined Wall Street during the 1980s, along with Bryan Burrough and John Helyar's \"\", and the fictional \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" by Tom Wolfe. The book captures an important period in the history of Wall Street. Two important figures in that history feature prominently in the text, the head of Salomon Brothers' mortgage department Lewis Ranieri and the firm's CEO","psg_id":"3361164"},{"title":"Anthony Haden-Guest","text":"of the Art World\", published by Grove Atlantic. Haden-Guest is known for being humorously irreverent, as seen in the following quote on Gawker.com: The massive streak of Puritanism in America has reasserted itself, especially amongst liberals. When I moved to New York there were still a bunch of good writers, often half-drunk, but still very good writers. That doesn't exist any more. Where do they go? They probably go and teach at Bard. In response to a suggestion that Peter Fallow in the Tom Wolfe novel \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" (1987) was based on British expatriate journalist Christopher Hitchens,","psg_id":"11793066"},{"title":"Salomon Brothers","text":"Global Markets. Two members of the Salomon Brothers' bond arbitrage, John Meriwether and Myron Scholes, later became a founder and a consultant for Long-Term Capital Management, a hedge fund that collapsed in 1998. The firm's top bond traders called themselves \"Big Swinging Dicks,\" and were the inspiration for the book \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\", by Tom Wolfe. Salomon Brothers' success and decline in the 1980s is documented in Michael Lewis' 1989 book, \"Liar's Poker\". Lewis went through Salomon's training program and then became a bond salesman at Salomon Brothers in London. The last years of Salomon Brothers, culminating in","psg_id":"3862796"},{"title":"South Bronx","text":"he had not \"seen anything that looked like this since London after the Blitz\". The 1987 novel \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\", by the American writer Tom Wolfe, presented the South Bronx as a nightmare world, not to be entered by middle or upper-class whites. Beginning in the late 1980s, parts of the South Bronx started to experience urban renewal with rehabilitated and brand new residential structures, including both subsidized multifamily townhomes and apartment buildings. The Bright Temple A.M.E. Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. Over 1 billion US dollars were spent on rebuilding","psg_id":"1561523"},{"title":"Tom Shone","text":"Tom Shone Tom Shone is an American film critic and writer. He was the Sunday Times film critic from 1994 to 1999 and has written for \"Vogue\", \"Slate\", the \"New Yorker\", the \"New York Times\" and \"The Guardian'. Blog: http://tomshone.blogspot.com/ He is the author of \"Blockbuster: How Hollywood Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Summer\", published in 2004 by Simon & Schuster, . The book is an analysis of the Hollywood blockbuster phenomenon driven chiefly by Steven Spielberg and George Lucas in the 1970s, based on interviews with these and other film-makers. (“The film book of the year... enthralling...","psg_id":"12273727"},{"title":"Blockbuster LLC","text":"with a Blockbuster@Home television package for Dish Network subscribers until 2015, when both were replaced by DISH Movie Pack. The company's continued decline was attributed to poor leadership according to others in the industry. Ken Tisher, owner of one of the few remaining Blockbuster stores, said, \"Blockbuster, if it isn't already, is going to go into the Harvard Business Review for how not to run a business, or how to run a business into the ground.\" Keith Hoogland, owner of Family Video, said a lot of poor decisions was a primary reason the company did not survive. Dan Rayburn of","psg_id":"2005078"},{"title":"Exclamation mark","text":"split. The band Bomb the Music Industry! utilizes an exclamation mark in its name, as well as several album and song titles and promotional material. Examples include their songs \"(Shut) Up The Punx!!!\" and the album \"\". American musician Pink stylizes her stage name \"P!NK\", and uses three exclamation points in the subtitle of her 2010 release, \"Greatest Hits... So Far!!!. The exclamation mark was included in the title of Dinah Shore's TV series, \"Dinah!\" The exclamation mark was later the subject of a bitter argument between Elaine Benes and her boyfriend, Jake Jarmel, in the \"Seinfeld\" episode, \"The Sniffing","psg_id":"9065756"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)","text":"with black and Puerto Rican defendants going to prison and Weiss is seeking a white defendant for purposes of convincing the minority-majority community that he is worth re-electing. Weiss recognizes the press coverage inherent in prosecuting the callow Sherman, who has been discovered as the owner of the car, and therefore presumed to be the hit-and-run driver, in order to cultivate the image as an avenger for the minorities and be propelled to the mayorship of New York City. As Sherman is brought to his knees, New York City fragments into different factions who use the case to suit their","psg_id":"7842265"},{"title":"The Sniffing Accountant","text":"book manuscript to replace many of the periods with exclamation points, prompting an uncomfortable meeting with her boss, Mr. Lippman, in which he derisively reads aloud some of her bizarre placings of exclamation points. George's father gets him an interview with Sid Farkus (Patrick Cronin) for a job as a bra salesman. In his interview, George tells a sentimentalized version of the first time he saw a bra, resulting in him getting hired. Inspired by Elaine's story of how she met Jake, he feels a woman's shirt between his thumb and forefinger on his way out. The woman (Christa Miller),","psg_id":"7773446"},{"title":"Exclamation mark","text":"exclamation mark (e.g., , , 'Oops! Oh!'), an interjection should only be separated from an extended exclamation by a comma (e.g., , , 'Oops! I left the stove on.'). In Spanish, a sentence or clause ending in an exclamation mark must also begin with an inverted exclamation mark (the same also applies to the question mark): , 'Are you crazy? You almost killed her!' As in British English, a bracketed exclamation mark may be used to indicate irony or surprise at a statement: , 'He said that he's not going to a party tonight(!).' Such use is not matched by","psg_id":"9065736"},{"title":"The Four Visits of Samuel Wolfe","text":"The Four Visits of Samuel Wolfe The Four Visits of Samuel Wolfe () is a 1934 Soviet drama film directed by Aleksandr Stolper. Not being able to realize his invention within his own country, engineer Arrowsmith, author of the patent for ore flotation leaves for Soviet Union to work at one of the flotation plants, where he soon discovers a group of Soviet engineers conduct similar work. After some hesitation, Arrowsmith passes his invention to the plant and gets an offer to work together on the implementation of the invention. Samuel Wolfe arrives, a spokesman for the syndicate of flotation","psg_id":"19278697"},{"title":"Thomas Wolfe","text":"Wolfe was \"the over-bloated Li'l Abner of literature.\" Southerner and Harvard historian David Herbert Donald's biography of Wolfe, \"Look Homeward,\" won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography in 1988. Wolfe inspired the works of many other authors, including Betty Smith with \"A Tree Grows in Brooklyn\", Robert Morgan, author of \"Gap Creek\", and \"Prince of Tides\" author Pat Conroy, who has said, \"My writing career began the instant I finished \"Look Homeward, Angel\".\" Jack Kerouac idolized Wolfe. Ray Bradbury was influenced by Wolfe, and included him as a character in his books. Earl Hamner, Jr., who went on to create the","psg_id":"1437615"},{"title":"The Pump House Gang","text":"as one of his generation's most prominent social critics. The stories in \"The Pump House Gang\" are written in the style of New Journalism that Wolfe and other writers like Joan Didion and Gay Talese helped to popularize. According to Time Magazine's review of Wolfe's book: He uses a language that explodes with comic-book words like \"POW!\" and \"boing.\" His sentences are shot with ellipses, stabbed with exclamation points, or bombarded with long lists of brand names and anatomical terms. He is irritating, but he did develop a new journalistic idiom that has brought relief from standard Middle-High Journalese. Wolfe's","psg_id":"10395908"},{"title":"How many angels can dance on the head of a pin?","text":"dancing on a needle's point occurs in an expository work by the English divine, William Sclater (1575-1626). In \"An exposition with notes vpon the first Epistle to the Thessalonians\" (1619), Sclater claimed that scholastic philosophers occupied themselves with such pointless questions as whether angels \"did occupie a place; and so, whether many might be in one place at one time; and how many might sit on a Needles point; and six hundred such like needlesse points.\" Harrison proposes that the reason an English writer first introduced the \"needle’s point\" into a critique of medieval angelology is that it makes for","psg_id":"9658328"},{"title":"Tom Cox (writer)","text":"Tom Cox (writer) Tom Cox is a British author. Tom Cox is a Nottinghamshire-born British author, who to date has published nine books, including the Sunday Times bestseller \"The Good, The Bad & The Furry\" and \"Bring Me The Head Of Sergio Garcia\", his account of his year as Britain’s most inept golf professional, which was long listed for the William Hill Sports Book Of The Year award. Between 1999 and 2000 he was the chief rock critic for The Guardian and went on to write columns and features for many other newspapers and magazines, before quitting print journalism altogether","psg_id":"14827148"},{"title":"Literature in the 1970s","text":"to Apartheid. By decade's end, Tom Wolfe topped the best-seller lists with \"The Right Stuff\", which celebrated the early NASA test pilots and astronauts. After two decades of cookbooks, historical novels and inspirational religious fiction topping the bestseller charts, literature in the seventies took a new turn. The independence and freedom themes of the sixties showed up in early seventies literature, with a 1970 fiction top ten bestseller, \"The French Lieutenant's Woman\" by John Fowles. Fowles tells a story about a woman choosing to raise a child on her own in an artists world, as opposed to marrying into money","psg_id":"11437034"},{"title":"Bonfire (song)","text":"Bonfire (song) \"Bonfire\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Craig Morgan. It was released in May 2009 as the third single from his album \"That's Why\". It is only available on later presses of the album. The song entered the top 40 on the U.S. country charts in June 2009. It is his sixteenth single release. A Christmas version with new lyrics was released on November 24, 2009. Morgan wrote the song with Kevin Denney, Tom Botkin and Mike Rogers. \"Bonfire\" is an up-tempo with electric guitar accompaniment. In it, the narrator describes a summertime","psg_id":"13481967"},{"title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities","text":"from his boss for failing to sell the bond, his lawyer, Tommy Killian, calls to tell him of his upcoming arrest, forcing him to admit his legal problems to his boss and being given a leave of absence as a result. McCoy's upper class friends ostracize him, and his wife leaves him and takes their daughter Campbell (McCoy's only source of genuine family love) to live with his parents. Hoping to impress his boss as well as an attractive former juror, Shelly Thomas, Assistant District Attorney Larry Kramer aggressively prosecutes the case, opening with an unsuccessful bid to set McCoy's","psg_id":"2734185"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)\",\n \"text\": \"is applauding Peter Fallow's premiere of his book. Fallow says that Sherman McCoy has moved away from New York City to an unknown destination, presumably to live in obscurity. The novel of \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" was a bestseller. Warner Bros. bought the rights from author Tom Wolfe for $750,000. The film was plagued by controversy. Among them were the acting choices: The studio made significant changes to the source material, making Sherman McCoy more sympathetic and adding a subplot involving a minor character, Judge Leonard White. In one notable scene in the film, Maria Ruskin (Melanie Griffith) arrives\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7842269\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\",\n \"text\": \"with many of the traders who later founded the notorious hedge fund Long-Term Capital Management.) Wolfe researched and revised for two years. \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" appeared in 1987. The book was a commercial and critical success, spending weeks on bestseller lists and earning praise from much of the literary establishment on which Wolfe had long heaped scorn. The story centers on Sherman McCoy, a successful New York City bond trader. His $3 million Park Avenue co-op, combined with his aristocratic wife's extravagances and other expenses required to keep up appearances are depleting his great income, or as Sherman\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2734181\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\",\n \"text\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities The Bonfire of the Vanities is a 1987 satirical novel by Tom Wolfe. The story is a drama about ambition, racism, social class, politics, and greed in 1980s New York City and centers on three main characters: WASP bond trader Sherman McCoy, Jewish assistant district attorney Larry Kramer, and British expatriate journalist Peter Fallow. The novel was originally conceived as a serial in the style of Charles Dickens' writings; it ran in 27 installments in \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" starting in 1984. Wolfe heavily revised it before it was published in book form. The novel was a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2734175\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)\",\n \"text\": \"a revised title, \\\"The Devil's Candy: The Anatomy of a Hollywood Fiasco\\\", and further material by Salamon (in which she describes Bruce Willis's negative reaction to the book). The Bonfire of the Vanities (film) The Bonfire of the Vanities is a 1990 American satirical black comedy film directed by Brian De Palma. The screenplay, written by Michael Cristofer, was adapted from the best-selling novel of the same name by Tom Wolfe. The film, which was a critical and commercial flop, stars Tom Hanks, Bruce Willis, Melanie Griffith, and Kim Cattrall. The original music score was composed by Dave Grusin. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7842283\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)\",\n \"text\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film) The Bonfire of the Vanities is a 1990 American satirical black comedy film directed by Brian De Palma. The screenplay, written by Michael Cristofer, was adapted from the best-selling novel of the same name by Tom Wolfe. The film, which was a critical and commercial flop, stars Tom Hanks, Bruce Willis, Melanie Griffith, and Kim Cattrall. The original music score was composed by Dave Grusin. The film was a box office bomb, grossing just $15 million against its $47 million budget. The controversies surrounding the film were detailed in a book called \\\"The Devil's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7842262\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\",\n \"text\": \"direction by Michael Bergmann, premiered in New York on October 9, 2015. Amazon Studios, in association with Warner Bros. TV, is working on an eight-episode, one-hour drama series based on the book, produced by Chuck Lorre. It will be distributed through Amazon Video. The Bonfire of the Vanities The Bonfire of the Vanities is a 1987 satirical novel by Tom Wolfe. The story is a drama about ambition, racism, social class, politics, and greed in 1980s New York City and centers on three main characters: WASP bond trader Sherman McCoy, Jewish assistant district attorney Larry Kramer, and British expatriate journalist\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2734192\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\",\n \"text\": \"bestseller and a phenomenal success, even in comparison with Wolfe's other books. It has often been called the quintessential novel of the 1980s. The title is a reference to the historical Bonfire of the Vanities, which happened in 1497 in Florence, Italy, when the city was under the rule of the Dominican priest Girolamo Savonarola, who ordered the burning of objects that church authorities considered sinful, such as cosmetics, mirrors, books and art. Wolfe intended his novel to capture the essence of New York City in the 1980s. Wall Street in the 1980s was newly resurgent after most of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2734176\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bonfire of the vanities\",\n \"text\": \"Bonfire of the vanities A bonfire of the vanities () is a burning of objects condemned by authorities as occasions of sin. The phrase usually refers to the bonfire of 7 February 1497, when supporters of the Dominican friar Girolamo Savonarola collected and publicly burned thousands of objects such as cosmetics, art, and books in Florence, Italy, on the Shrove Tuesday festival. For a first-hand account of the bonfire of the vanities that occurred in Florence, Italy in 1497, see Francesco Guicciardini's \\\"The History of Florence.\\\" The focus of this destruction was nominally on objects that might tempt one to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2633359\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Wolfe\",\n \"text\": \"the terms \\\"statusphere\\\", \\\"the right stuff\\\", \\\"radical chic\\\", \\\"the Me Decade\\\" and \\\"good ol' boy\\\" into the English lexicon. Wolfe was at times incorrectly credited with coining the term \\\"trophy wife\\\". His term for extremely thin women in his novel \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" was \\\"X-rays\\\". According to journalism professor Ben Yagoda, Wolfe is also responsible for the use of the present tense in magazine profile pieces; before he began doing so in the early 1960s, profile articles had always been written in the past tense. Tom Wolfe Thomas Kennerly Wolfe Jr. (March 2, 1930 – May 14, 2018)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1542261\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)\",\n \"text\": \"scribes of the Old Testament among its victims - but you'd be hard-pressed to find an adaptation that screws up as royally as Brian De Palma's take on \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\". Miscast, misguided and miserably unfunny, Tom Wolfe's black satire about avarice, prejudice and criminal injustice in the loony-toon town of New York has been raped, stripped of all ambiguity and dimension,\\\" and he ended the review by saying, \\\"What a mess.\\\" Of the way Tom Wolfe's story was adapted, Brian De Palma said, \\\"The initial concept of it was incorrect. If you're going to do \\\"The Bonfire\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7842277\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Wolfe\",\n \"text\": \"Wolfe researched and revised for two years, and his \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" was published in 1987. The book was a commercial and critical success, spending weeks on bestseller lists and earning praise from the very literary establishment on which Wolfe had long heaped scorn. Because of the success of Wolfe's first novel, there was widespread interest in his second. This novel took him more than 11 years to complete; \\\"A Man in Full\\\" was published in 1998. The book's reception was not universally favorable, though it received glowing reviews in \\\"Time\\\", \\\"Newsweek\\\", \\\"The Wall Street Journal\\\", and elsewhere.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1542248\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Manatees\",\n \"text\": \"the first of 16 great guest stars on \\\"The Simpsons\\\". The episode is also notable for having predicted the team matchup for Super Bowl XLVIII between the Denver Broncos and the Seattle Seahawks. The title of the episode is a reference to the novel \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" by Tom Wolfe. The Bonfire of the Manatees \\\"The Bonfire of the Manatees\\\" is the first episode of \\\"The Simpsons<nowiki>'</nowiki>\\\" seventeenth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on September 11, 2005, making it the first \\\"Simpsons\\\" season premiere to air in September since the eleventh\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5933509\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\",\n \"text\": \"resulted in the freezing of his assets. The all-but-forgotten Henry Lamb succumbs to his injuries from the accident; McCoy, penniless and estranged from his wife and daughter, awaits trial for vehicular manslaughter. In the novel's closing, Tommy Killian holds forth: \\\"Bonfire\\\" was Wolfe's first novel. Wolfe's prior works were mostly non-fiction journalistic articles and books. His earlier short stories appeared in his collection \\\"Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine\\\". According to Wolfe, the characters are composites of many individuals and cultural observations. However, some characters were based on real people. Wolfe has acknowledged the character of Tommy Killian is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2734189\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bonfire of the vanities\",\n \"text\": \"“bonfire of the vanities.” He collected various objects that he considered to be objectionable: irreplaceable manuscripts, ancient sculptures, antique and modern paintings, priceless tapestries, and many other valuable works of art, as well as mirrors, musical instruments, books of divination, astrology, and magic. He destroyed the works of Ovid, Propertius, Dante, and Boccaccio. So great was his influence that he even managed to obtain the cooperation of major contemporary artists such as Sandro Botticelli and Lorenzo di Credi, who reluctantly consigned some of their own works to his bonfires. Anyone who tried to object found their hands being forced by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2633362\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\",\n \"text\": \"by the lapels and won't let go\\\", but criticized its sometimes superficial characters, saying when \\\"the book is over, there is an odd aftertaste, not entirely pleasant.\\\" In 1990, \\\"Bonfire\\\" was adapted into a film starring Tom Hanks as Sherman McCoy, Kim Cattrall as his wife Judy, Melanie Griffith as his mistress Maria, and Bruce Willis as journalist (and narrator of the film) Peter Fallow. The screenplay was written by Michael Cristofer. Wolfe was paid $750,000 for the rights. The film, however, was a commercial and critical flop. An opera adaptation, with music by Stefania de Kenessey and libretto and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2734191\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast\",\n \"text\": \"subjects of the stories and recording minute details of everyday routine. In his novel, \\\"Bonfire of the Vanities\\\", Wolfe used many of the writing techniques in his journalism, but this time to tell what Wolfe called a \\\"fictional novel\\\" (though novel traditionally denotes fiction and is hence redundant, Wolfe's \\\"New Journalism\\\" was sometimes described as non-fiction novels). In addition, Wolfe set out in \\\"Bonfire\\\" to capture the spirit of New York City in the 1980s. The book was a commercial success, becoming a New York Times Bestseller and earning critical praise. In his \\\"Harper's\\\" essay, Wolfe (at the time a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10844857\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast\",\n \"text\": \"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast \\\"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast\\\" is an essay by Tom Wolfe that appeared in the November 1989 issue of \\\"Harper's Magazine\\\" criticizing the American literary establishment for retreating from realism. After being serialized in \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" magazine, Wolfe's first novel, \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" was published in 1987. Prior to the novel, Wolfe had made his career as a journalist and author of non-fiction books. Wolfe had been a pioneer of \\\"New Journalism,\\\" a style of non-fiction that relied heavily on novelistic techniques such as the use of scene, dialogue, first-person point of view from the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10844856\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast\",\n \"text\": \"to Dream\\\". Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast \\\"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast\\\" is an essay by Tom Wolfe that appeared in the November 1989 issue of \\\"Harper's Magazine\\\" criticizing the American literary establishment for retreating from realism. After being serialized in \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" magazine, Wolfe's first novel, \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" was published in 1987. Prior to the novel, Wolfe had made his career as a journalist and author of non-fiction books. Wolfe had been a pioneer of \\\"New Journalism,\\\" a style of non-fiction that relied heavily on novelistic techniques such as the use of scene, dialogue, first-person point of view\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10844864\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Wolfe\",\n \"text\": \"and \\\"The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby\\\". In 1979, he published the influential book \\\"The Right Stuff\\\" about the Mercury Seven astronauts, which was made into a 1983 film of the same name directed by Philip Kaufman. His first novel, \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\", published in 1987, was met with critical acclaim and also became a commercial success. It was adapted as a major motion picture of the same name directed by Brian De Palma. Wolfe was born on March 2, 1930, in Richmond, Virginia, the son of Helen Perkins Hughes Wolfe, a garden designer, and Thomas Kennerly Wolfe Sr.,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1542230\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)\",\n \"text\": \"is a movie; it isn't the book.' And I think if you look at the movie now, and you don't know anything about the book, and you get it out of the time that it was released, I think you can see it in a whole different way.\\\" In the countries of the former Yugoslavia, it has been aired on various TV stations dozens of times and is still regularly aired each year. The controversies surrounding the film were detailed in a book called \\\"The Devil's Candy: The Bonfire of the Vanities Goes to Hollywood\\\" (1991), written by Julie Salamon.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7842280\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)\",\n \"text\": \"Candy: The Bonfire of the Vanities Goes to Hollywood\\\" (1991), written by Julie Salamon. Sherman McCoy is a Wall Street bond trader who makes millions while enjoying the good life and the sexual favors of Maria Ruskin, a Southern belle gold digger. Sherman and Maria are driving back to Maria's apartment from JFK Airport when they take a wrong turn on the expressway and find themselves in the \\\"war-zone\\\" of the South Bronx. They are approached by two black youths after Sherman gets out of the car to move a tire out of the road. Sherman jumps back into the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7842263\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Exclamation mark\",\n \"text\": \"with a single, nonstandard punctuation mark, the interrobang, which is the combination of a question mark and an exclamation mark. Overly frequent use of the exclamation mark is generally considered poor writing, for it distracts the reader and devalues the mark's significance. Some authors, however, most notably Tom Wolfe and Madison Acampora, are known for unashamedly liberal use of the exclamation mark. In comic books, the very frequent use of exclamation mark is common—see Comics, below. For information on the use of spaces after an exclamation mark, see the discussion of spacing after a full stop. Several studies have shown\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9065732\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)\",\n \"text\": \"the human condition, that the satire is about as socially incisive as a Police Academy entry.\\\" Vincent Canby in \\\"The New York Times\\\" denounced \\\"Brian De Palma's gross, unfunny movie adaptation.\\\" Owen Gleiberman of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" called it, \\\"one of the most indecently bad movies of the year.\\\" Rita Kempley said in \\\"The Washington Post\\\", \\\"the director has become one with the buffoons Wolfe scored in his bestseller. He has not only filed Wolfe's teeth but stuck his tail between his legs,\\\" and called the film, \\\"A calamity of miscasting and commercial concessions.\\\" In \\\"Rolling Stone\\\", Peter Travers wrote, \\\"On\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7842275\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bonfire of the vanities\",\n \"text\": \"teams of ardent Savonarola supporters. These supporters called themselves Piagnoni (Weepers) after a public nickname that was originally intended as an insult. Savonarola’s influence did not go unnoticed by the higher church officials, however, and his excesses earned him the disdain of Pope Alexander VI. He was eventually excommunicated on May 13, 1497. His charge was heresy and sedition at the command of Pope Alexander VI. Savonarola was executed on May 23, 1498, hung on a cross and burned to death. His death occurred in the Piazza della Signoria, where he had previously held his bonfires of the vanities. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2633363\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\",\n \"text\": \"based on New York lawyer Edward Hayes, to whom the book is dedicated. The character of the Reverend Bacon is considered by many to be based on the Reverends Al Sharpton and/or Jesse Jackson, who have both campaigned under the banner of eliminating racism. In 2007, on the book's 20th anniversary of publication, \\\"The New York Times\\\" published a retrospective on how the city had changed since Wolfe's novel. The book was a major bestseller, and also received strong reviews. \\\"The New York Times\\\" praised the book, saying it was \\\"a big, bitter, funny, craftily plotted book that grabs you\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2734190\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)\",\n \"text\": \"of the Vanities\\\", you would have to make it a lot darker and more cynical, but because it was such an expensive movie we tried to humanize the Sherman McCoy character – a very unlikeable character, much like the character in \\\"The Magnificent Ambersons\\\". We could have done that if we'd been making a low-budget movie, but this was a studio movie with Tom Hanks in it. We made a couple of choices that in retrospect were wrong. I think John Lithgow would have been a better choice for Sherman McCoy, because he would have got the blue-blood arrogance of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7842278\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\",\n \"text\": \"Among his models was William Makepeace Thackeray's \\\"Vanity Fair\\\", which described the society of 19th century England. Wolfe remained occupied writing nonfiction books on his own and contributing to \\\"Harper's\\\" until 1981, when he ceased his other projects to work on the novel. Wolfe began researching the novel by observing cases at the Manhattan Criminal Court and shadowing members of the Bronx homicide squad. To overcome a case of writer's block, Wolfe wrote to Jann Wenner, editor of \\\"Rolling Stone\\\", to propose an idea drawn from Charles Dickens and Thackeray. The Victorian writers whom Wolfe viewed as his models had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2734179\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\",\n \"text\": \"often written their novels in serial installments. Wenner offered Wolfe around $200,000 to serialize his work. The deadline pressure gave him the motivation he had hoped for, and from July 1984 to August 1985 each biweekly issue of \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" contained a new installment. Wolfe was not happy with his \\\"very public first draft\\\", and thoroughly revised his work. Even Sherman McCoy, the central character of the novel, changed—originally a writer, in the book version he is cast as a bond salesman. (Wolfe came up with the revised occupation after spending a day on the government-bond desk of Salomon Brothers,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2734180\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)\",\n \"text\": \"Salamon was the film critic for \\\"The Wall Street Journal\\\" and wanted to write a book about the adaptation of the novel. She was granted much access to the filming of \\\"Bonfire\\\". Among other things, the book describes how Brian de Palma had a difficult relationship with then-rising-star Bruce Willis who, in the words of Julie Salamon, \\\"was generally disliked by most of the cast and crew [due to his ego].\\\" In one instance, during the filming of a scene in which Willis was with Alan King (the scene in which the character played by King dies), Willis challenged the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7842281\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast\",\n \"text\": \"with his essay, stating that he essentially had argued that other writers need to be more like himself. Critics also noted that while many authors wrote the sorts of books Wolfe criticized, there were countless authors like Don DeLillo or John le Carré, Louise Erdrich or Toni Morrison, who wrote realism and were critically praised. \\\"The Times\\\" described the essay as \\\"one part serious argument with two parts calculated provocation,\\\" noting that the essay had helped continue discussion (and boost sales) of \\\"Bonfire of the Vanities\\\". Others were outright dismissive, with author Jim Harrison opining that Wolfe's ideas were \\\"the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10844862\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Wolfe\",\n \"text\": \"An initial printing of 1.2 million copies was announced and the book stayed at number one on the \\\"New York Times\\\" bestseller list for ten weeks. Noted author John Updike wrote a critical review for \\\"The New Yorker\\\", complaining that the novel \\\"amounts to entertainment, not literature, even literature in a modest aspirant form.\\\" His comments sparked an intense war of words in the print and broadcast media among Wolfe and Updike, and authors John Irving and Norman Mailer, who also entered the fray. In 2001, Wolfe published an essay referring to these three authors as \\\"My Three Stooges.\\\" That\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1542249\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Wolfe (woodcarver)\",\n \"text\": \"demonstrating and selling his original wood carvings at many of the Guilds shops several times throughout the year. Tom's main area of artistic exploration is what is referred to as Cariacature Carving. He is a member of the Cariacature Carvers of America(the CCA), an association of like-minded Artists who work to further the craft and the public's greater appreciation and understanding of it. Caricatures in Clay with Tom Wolfe <br> Basic Penknife Carving with Tom Wolfe <br> Carving Traditional Woodspirits with Tom Wolfe <br> Carving Bottlestoppers with Tom Wolfe<br> Carving Canes & Walking Sticks with Tom Wolfe<br> Carving Cigar Humidors\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6338701\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bonfire of the vanities\",\n \"text\": \"papal authorities took a leaf out of Savonarola's book on censorship, because the day after his execution they gave word that anyone in possession of the Friar's writings had four days to turn them over to a papal agent to be destroyed. Anyone who failed to do so faced excommunication. Although it is widely reported that the Florentian artist Sandro Botticelli burned several of his paintings based on classical mythology in the great Florentine bonfire of 1497, the historical record on this is not clear. According to the art historian Giorgio Vasari, Botticelli was a partisan of Savonarola: \\\"He was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2633364\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Wolfe\",\n \"text\": \"Tom Wolfe Thomas Kennerly Wolfe Jr. (March 2, 1930 – May 14, 2018) was an American author and journalist widely known for his association with New Journalism, a style of news writing and journalism developed in the 1960s and 1970s that incorporated literary techniques. Wolfe began his career as a regional newspaper reporter in the 1950s, achieving national prominence in the 1960s following the publication of such best-selling books as \\\"The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test\\\" (a highly experimental account of Ken Kesey and the Merry Pranksters) and two collections of articles and essays, \\\"Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1542229\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\",\n \"text\": \"of Brooklyn in 1982, and Michael Griffith in Howard Beach, Queens, in 1986. In another episode that became a subject of much media attention, Bernhard Goetz became something of a folk-hero in the city for shooting a group of black men who tried to rob him in the subway in 1984. Burton B. Roberts, a Bronx judge known for his no-nonsense imperious handling of cases in his courtroom, became the model for the character of Myron Kovitsky in the book. Throughout his early career, Wolfe had planned to write a novel that would capture the wide spectrum of American society.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2734178\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Wolfe\",\n \"text\": \"reporting, according to communication professor Richard Kallan, \\\"entails a more complex set of relationships wherein the journalist becomes an involved, more fully reactive witness, no longer distanced and detached from the people and events reported.\\\" Wolfe's \\\"The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test\\\" is considered a striking example of New Journalism. This account of the Merry Pranksters, a famous sixties counter-culture group, was highly experimental in Wolfe's use of onomatopoeia, free association, and eccentric punctuation—such as multiple exclamation marks and italics—to convey the manic ideas and personalities of Ken Kesey and his followers. In addition to his own work, Wolfe edited a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1542240\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Wolfe (woodcarver)\",\n \"text\": \"with Tom Wolfe<br> Carving Desperados with Tom Wolfe<br> Carving Down-Home Angels with Tom Wolfe<br> Carving From Roughouts with Tom Wolfe<br> Carving Gnomes with Tom Wolfe<br> Carving Out the Wild West with Tom Wolfe: The Saloon<br> Carving Santas for Today: With Tom Wolfe<br> Carving the Civil War: with Tom Wolfe<br> Carving Wizards with Tom Wolfe<br> Country Flat Carving with Tom Wolfe<br> Creative Canes & Walking Sticks: Carving with Tom Wolfe<br> Horse Carving: with Tom Wolfe<br> More Santa Carving with Tom Wolfe<br> Out to the Ball Game with Tom Wolfe<br> Tom Wolfe (woodcarver) Tom James Wolfe began woodcarving at the age of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6338702\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bonfire of the vanities\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Romola\\\" (1863), E. R. Eddison's \\\"A Fish Dinner in Memison\\\" (1941), Irving Stone's \\\"The Agony and the Ecstasy\\\" (1961), Chelsea Quinn Yarbro's \\\"The Palace\\\" (1978), Michael Ondaatje's \\\"The English Patient – part two\\\" 1992, Roger Zelazny and Robert Sheckley's \\\"If at Faust You Don't Succeed\\\" (1993), Timothy Findley's \\\"Pilgrim\\\" (1999), Ian Caldwell and Dustin Thomason's \\\"Rule of Four\\\" (2004), the novel \\\"I, Mona Lisa\\\" by Jeanne Kalogridis (2006), the Showtime series \\\"The Borgias\\\", The Sky (Italy) and Netflix (North America) series \\\"Borgia\\\", and \\\"The Botticelli Affair\\\" by Traci L. Slatton (2013). Other references in popular culture include these: Bonfire of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2633366\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)\",\n \"text\": \"film, Bonfire achieves a consistency of ineptitude rare even in this era of over-inflated cinematic air bags.\\\" Gene Siskel wrote in \\\"The Chicago Tribune\\\", \\\"preview audiences have hooted the film`s revisionist ending, which concludes with a sermon. I didn`t hoot because I was too sad. I gave up on the movie well before the ending.\\\" In her review for \\\"The Los Angeles Times\\\", Sheila Benson called the film, \\\"an overstated, cartooned film for dullards.\\\" Steven Rea wrote in \\\"The Philadelphia Inquirer\\\", \\\"Big books have been bastardized by Hollywood before - it's a time-honored tradition that counts Hemingway, Faulkner and the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7842276\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Man in Full\",\n \"text\": \"which Croker is indebted, Roger Too White's former fraternity brother (now mayor of Atlanta), and the entirety of 'respectable' Atlanta society. \\\"A Man In Full\\\" is written much in the style of Wolfe's other fictions, such as \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" and \\\"I Am Charlotte Simmons\\\". Released eleven years after Wolfe's bestselling novel \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\", \\\"A Man in Full\\\" was widely anticipated; Wolfe was known to be working on the research for this follow-up effort for several years. Most of the mainstream American newspapers and news magazines gave the book positive reviews. However, a second wave\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3858198\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Carroll Smith-Rosenberg\",\n \"text\": \"for how feminists could literally make history” (Potter, 2015). Her first publication in this area, the article “Dis-covering the Subject of the Great Constitutional Debate,” was awarded the Binkley-Stephenson Award by the Organization of American Historians in 1993. Her book, \\\"This Violent Empire: The Birth of an American National Identity\\\", won a Choice Award for Distinguished Scholarly Book in 2011. Smith-Rosenberg was born in Yonkers, New York, 15 March 1936 to Carroll Smith and Angela Haug Smith. She grew up near Yankee Stadium, in the Bronx neighborhood described by Tom Wolfe in \\\"Bonfire of the Vanities\\\"; her heritage included a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19678155\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jann Wenner\",\n \"text\": \"wife, Jane Schindelheim. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Wenner played an integral role in popularizing writers such as Hunter S. Thompson, Ben Fong-Torres, Paul Nelson, Greil Marcus, Dave Marsh, Grover Lewis, Timothy Crouse, Timothy Ferris, Joe Klein, Cameron Crowe, Joe Eszterhas and P.J. O'Rourke. He also discovered photographer Annie Leibovitz when she was a 21-year-old San Francisco Art Institute student. Many of Wenner's proteges, such as Crowe, credit him with giving them their biggest breaks. Tom Wolfe recognized Wenner's influence in ensuring that his first novel, \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\", was completed, stating \\\"I was absolutely frozen with fright\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2277222\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)\",\n \"text\": \"requiring a 24-hour timelapse of Manhattan, from a camera platform beside a gargoyle on top of the Chrysler Building. Several of the sets parodied the home decorated by Robert Denning and Vincent Fourcade for Carolyne Roehm and Henry Kravis. The cover of Peter Fallow's book in the film has a similar design to the original first edition of Tom Wolfe's novel from 1987. Cristofer's original script ended cynically with the supposed victim of the hit-and-run walking out of the hospital, suggesting that the whole scenario was concocted. That ending did not test well with audiences and was dropped. Sherman and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7842271\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Smith (author)\",\n \"text\": \"Tom Smith (author) Tom Smith is an American business executive and author. He is the co-author of four best-selling books on the subject of workplace accountability, \\\"The Oz Principle\\\", \\\"Change the Culture\\\", \\\"Change the Game, How Did That Happen?\\\", and \\\"The Wisdom of Oz\\\". Smith is co-founder of Partners In Leadership and is a \\\"New York Times\\\" bestselling author. He and his business partner, Roger Connors, have authored books on workplace accountability. Smith has conducted workshops and consulting engagements throughout the globe as he is recognized as an expert on the topic of workplace accountability. He is a facilitator of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18427019\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Murder at the Vanities\",\n \"text\": \"Hays Production went into full force. Filled with lewd dialogue, scantily clad ladies, and, oh hey, murder, here’s a movie that has something for anyone looking to see just how outrageous films could be in 1934. Murder at the Vanities Murder at the Vanities is a 1934 American Pre-Code musical film based on the 1933 Broadway musical with music by Victor Young. It was released by Paramount Pictures. It was directed by Mitchell Leisen, stars Victor McLaglen, Carl Brisson, Jack Oakie, Kitty Carlisle, Gertrude Michael, Toby Wing, and Jessie Ralph. Duke Ellington and his Orchestra are featured in the elaborate\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8293870\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Exclamation mark\",\n \"text\": \"motivation, however, was simply that a period might disappear in the printing process used at the time, whereas an exclamation point would likely remain recognizable even if there was a printing glitch. For a short period Stan Lee, as Editor-in-Chief of Marvel Comics, attempted to curb their overuse by a short-lived ban on exclamation points altogether, which led to an inadvertent lack of ending punctuation on many sentences. Comic book writer Elliot S! Maggin once accidentally signed his name with an exclamation due to the habit of using them when writing comic scripts; it became his professional name from then\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9065753\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Smith (author)\",\n \"text\": \"American Society for Training & Development. He holds an MBA from The Marriott School of Management at Brigham Young University and a Bachelor of Arts in Humanities from the University of California, Irvine. He and his wife, Becky, have eight children and fifteen grandchildren. Tom Smith (author) Tom Smith is an American business executive and author. He is the co-author of four best-selling books on the subject of workplace accountability, \\\"The Oz Principle\\\", \\\"Change the Culture\\\", \\\"Change the Game, How Did That Happen?\\\", and \\\"The Wisdom of Oz\\\". Smith is co-founder of Partners In Leadership and is a \\\"New York\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18427021\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Adventures of Nero Wolfe\",\n \"text\": \"on Stout's principal characters but not his stories, the series ended with the broadcast July 14, 1944. Producer Himan Brown persuaded Rex Stout to agree to a Nero Wolfe radio series, for which the author received a weekly royalty for the use of his characters. Louis Vittes wrote most of the scripts for the 30-minute episodes, basing none of them on Stout's original stories. \\\"The Adventures of Nero Wolfe\\\" began on the regional New England Network April 10–June 25, 1943, with J. B. Williams starring as Rex Stout's armchair detective, Nero Wolfe. After a three-month trial run the show moved\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11069408\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Wolfe (woodcarver)\",\n \"text\": \"Tom Wolfe (woodcarver) Tom James Wolfe began woodcarving at the age of 12. He has become one of America's leading wood carvers with nearly 50 books in print with Schiffer Publications to date. Tom currently resides in Spruce Pine, NC and teaches classes several times a year at his workshop on Grandfather Mountain, as well as at the John C. Campbell School in Brasstown NC. In recent years Tom has taught classes in New Jersey, Tennessee, and Canada. Tom is a lifetime member of the Southern Highland Craft Guild, having been awarded this distinction in 2006, and can be found\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6338700\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blockbuster (book)\",\n \"text\": \"Blockbuster (book) Blockbuster: How Hollywood Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Summer is a 2004 non-fiction book by British film critic Tom Shone published by Simon & Schuster UK Ltd, . Based on interviews with leading Hollywood filmmakers, actors and production staff it examines the revolution in Hollywood movies brought about by \\\"Jaws\\\", \\\"Star Wars\\\", \\\"Alien\\\" and other summer blockbusters and how they became a global phenomenon. The tone and approach of the book is not one of film criticism as such but rather an analysis of how the blockbuster era came into being, and the processes which drove\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12273384\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Exclamation mark\",\n \"text\": \"Mario\\\" series, an exclamation mark appears over enemies' heads when they notice the player. In the 2005 arcade dance simulation game \\\"In the Groove 2\\\", there is a song titled \\\"!\\\" (also referred to as \\\"bang\\\") by the artist Onyx. In recent Internet culture, especially where leet is used, multiple exclamation marks may be affixed with the numeral \\\"1\\\" as in \\\"!!!!!!111\\\". The notation originates from a common error: when typing multiple exclamation points quickly, the typist may fail to hold the combination that produces the exclamation mark on many keyboard layouts. This error, first used intentionally as a joke\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9065750\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Burton B. Roberts\",\n \"text\": \"Burton B. Roberts Burton Bennett Roberts (July 25, 1922 – October 24, 2010) served as Bronx district attorney before his election as a judge, later serving as the chief administrative judge for the New York Supreme Court in the Bronx until his retirement in 1998 after 25 years on the bench. His no-nonsense manner as a prosecutor and in court made him the model for the character Myron Kovitsky in the 1987 book \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" by Tom Wolfe. Roberts was born on July 25, 1922, in New York City and earned his undergraduate degree in 1943 at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15014547\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Wolfe\",\n \"text\": \"experimented with a variety of literary techniques, mixing them with the traditional ideal of dispassionate, even-handed reporting. Wolfe experimented with four literary devices not normally associated with feature writing: scene-by-scene construction, extensive dialogue, multiple points of view, and detailed description of individuals' status-life symbols (the material choices people make) in writing this stylized form of journalism. He later referred to this style as literary journalism. Of the use of status symbols, Wolfe has said, \\\"I think every living moment of a human being's life, unless the person is starving or in immediate danger of death in some other way, is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1542238\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Reynolds (author)\",\n \"text\": \"Tom Reynolds (author) Tom Reynolds (born 1960 in Wisconsin) is an American author and television producer. He is not Tom Reynolds (born 1971) who wrote \\\"Blood Sweat and Tea\\\" (2010). He wrote the popular books \\\"\\\" and \\\".\\\" He also wrote \\\"Wild ride : how outlaw motorcycle myth conquered America\\\". This book was based on his 1999 documentary. He currently lives in Nacogdoches, Texas, where he teaches Speech and English at Stephen F. Austin State University. He wrote the popular books \\\"\\\" and \\\".\\\" He also wrote \\\"Wild ride: how outlaw motorcycle myth conquered America\\\". In 1996, he transitioned into\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12685759\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Burton B. Roberts\",\n \"text\": \"retirement from the bench in 1998. Immortalized in \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" as judge Myron Kovitsky, a character based on Roberts, he was one of the few sympathetic characters in the book, one who would not be swayed by prosecutors or the press. Wolfe dedicated the book to Roberts and one of his assistants, calling Roberts \\\"one of the great figures in New York\\\" and considered him \\\"the greatest single figure I've run into\\\". In the 1990 film adaptation of the book starring Tom Hanks, Bruce Willis and Melanie Griffith, the role of the judge was renamed to Leonard\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15014553\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sol Wachtler\",\n \"text\": \"Appeals in January 1985. The same month as his appointment, Wachtler was quoted by the New York Daily News as saying that \\\"district attorneys now have so much influence on grand juries that 'by and large' they could get them to 'indict a ham sandwich.'\\\" This quote was then used by Tom Wolfe (and attributed to Wachtler) in Wolfe's 1987 novel \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\", paraphrased into \\\"a grand jury would 'indict a ham sandwich,' if that's what you wanted.\\\" As of 2018, the \\\"ham sandwich\\\" phrase remains in common usage in legal discussions. Wachtler's decision in \\\"Chapadeau v.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6278996\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Liar's Poker\",\n \"text\": \"more junk bonds. Lewis remarked in his conclusion that the 1980s were a time when anyone could make millions, provided they were in the right place at the right time, as exemplified by Lewis Ranieri's success. Liar's Poker Liar's Poker is a non-fiction, semi-autobiographical book by Michael Lewis describing the author's experiences as a bond salesman on Wall Street during the late 1980s. First published in 1989, it is considered one of the books that defined Wall Street during the 1980s, along with Bryan Burrough and John Helyar's \\\"\\\", and the fictional \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" by Tom Wolfe.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3361177\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gerald J. Ford\",\n \"text\": \"Residential Cmnts LLC. His other investments include the auto-finance company AmeriCredit, Pacific Capital Bancorp and 120,000 acres (486 km²) of rangeland in New Mexico. Ford has a history of buying and selling banks for profit, with Golden State Bancorp and then bailed-out Pacific Capital Bancorp, being most notable wins. In a 2010 interview on entrepreneurship with \\\"Forbes\\\", he suggested reading \\\"The Great Gatsby\\\" by F. Scott Fitzgerald, \\\"The Financier\\\" by Theodore Dreiser, \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" by Tom Wolfe, \\\"Too Big to Fail\\\" by Andrew Ross Sorkin and \\\"The Big Short\\\" by Michael Lewis\\\". He has been a member\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4326369\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Michael Cristofer\",\n \"text\": \"Box\\\", directed by Paul Newman (Golden Globe Award, Emmy nomination); \\\"Falling in Love\\\"; \\\"The Witches of Eastwick\\\", adapted from the novel by John Updike; \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities,\\\" adapted from the novel by Tom Wolfe and directed by Brian De Palma; \\\"Breaking Up\\\", and \\\"Casanova\\\". His directing credits include \\\"Gia\\\", for HBO Pictures (starring Angelina Jolie, Mercedes Ruehl and Faye Dunaway), which was nominated for five Emmy Awards and for which he won a Directors Guild Award. He next directed \\\"Body Shots\\\"; and \\\"Original Sin\\\", which was released in 2001. For eight years he worked as artistic advisor and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8100347\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Wolfe\",\n \"text\": \"a prize established \\\"to draw attention to the crude, tasteless, often perfunctory use of redundant passages of sexual description in the modern novel\\\". Wolfe later explained that such sexual references were deliberately clinical. Wolfe wrote that his goal in writing fiction was to document contemporary society in the tradition of John Steinbeck, Charles Dickens, and Émile Zola. Wolfe announced in early 2008 that he was leaving his longtime publisher, Farrar, Straus and Giroux. His fourth novel, \\\"Back to Blood\\\", was published in October 2012 by Little, Brown. According to \\\"The New York Times\\\", Wolfe was paid close to US$7 million\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1542251\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Exclamation mark\",\n \"text\": \"after a word is used to indicate its presence in the Official Tournament and Club Word List but its absence from the Official Scrabble Players Dictionary, usually because the word has been judged offensive. Exclamation points or asterisks can be used on scorecards to denote a \\\"great defensive play\\\". The band !!! (pronounced \\\"Chk Chk Chk\\\") uses exclamation points as its name. In 2008, the pop-punk band Panic! at the Disco dropped the exclamation point in its name; this became the \\\"most-discussed topic on [fan] message boards around the world\\\". In 2009, the exclamation mark was re-inserted following the band's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9065755\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Wolfe\",\n \"text\": \"some critics suggesting Wolfe's view on how humans developed speech were not supported by research and were opinionated. Wolfe also wrote two critiques of and social histories of modern art and modern architecture, \\\"The Painted Word\\\" and \\\"From Bauhaus to Our House\\\", published in 1975 and 1981, respectively. \\\"The Painted Word\\\" mocked the excessive insularity of the art world and its dependence on what he saw as faddish critical theory. In \\\"From Bauhaus to Our House\\\" he explored what he said were the negative effects of the Bauhaus style on the evolution of modern architecture. In 1977, PBS produced \\\"Tom\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1542245\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Knox (author)\",\n \"text\": \"Sunday Times bestseller top ten in February 2017. A third novel, \\\"Just Before I Died\\\", was published in August 2018. Sean Thomas lives in Camden, north London. His ancestry is Cornish; his father is the author D. M. Thomas. He has written three novels under his own name, the second, \\\"Kissing England\\\", won the Literary Review's \\\"Bad Sex\\\" award in 2000. Thomas's fourth book \\\"Millions Of Women Are Waiting To Meet You\\\", was a memoir of his lovelife; it was a best-seller, translated into eight languages, and was the Guardian newspaper's \\\"paperback of the week\\\" in May, 2007. Tom Knox\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14948990\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Manatees\",\n \"text\": \"The Bonfire of the Manatees \\\"The Bonfire of the Manatees\\\" is the first episode of \\\"The Simpsons<nowiki>'</nowiki>\\\" seventeenth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on September 11, 2005, making it the first \\\"Simpsons\\\" season premiere to air in September since the eleventh season opened with \\\"Beyond Blunderdome\\\" on September 26, 1999. The episode was written by Dan Greaney and directed by Mark Kirkland. In its original broadcast, it was watched by around eleven million viewers. Homer gets into trouble with the local mob over football gambling debts. As compensation, Fat Tony wants to use\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5933504\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Murder at the Vanities\",\n \"text\": \"Murder at the Vanities Murder at the Vanities is a 1934 American Pre-Code musical film based on the 1933 Broadway musical with music by Victor Young. It was released by Paramount Pictures. It was directed by Mitchell Leisen, stars Victor McLaglen, Carl Brisson, Jack Oakie, Kitty Carlisle, Gertrude Michael, Toby Wing, and Jessie Ralph. Duke Ellington and his Orchestra are featured in the elaborate finale number. The film is primarily a musical, based on Earl Carroll's long-running Broadway revue \\\"Earl Carroll's Vanities\\\", combined with a murder mystery. Songs featured in the film by Arthur Johnston and Sam Coslow include \\\"Cocktails\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8293865\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Claire Wolfe\",\n \"text\": \"by Loompanics Unlimited and became an underground bestseller. Wolfe wrote a column for WorldNetDaily in the late 1990s and has written and blogged irregularly since then. \\\"The Freedom Outlaw's Handbook\\\" (2004) is a compilation of ideas from Wolfe's first two books, both of which are now out of print. Claire Wolfe Claire Wolfe is a libertarian author and columnist. Some of Wolfe's favored topics are gulching or homesteading, firearms, homeschooling, open source technology, and opposition to national ID and the surveillance state or nanny state. Wolfe's books include such titles as \\\"101 Things to Do 'Til the Revolution\\\" and \\\"I\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4786402\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blockbuster LLC\",\n \"text\": \"portray the brand as family-friendly. However, the company did carry R-rated and unrated films. Blockbuster Entertainment Inc. ran an awards show annually from 1995 to 2001 called the \\\"Blockbuster Entertainment Awards\\\". In November 2001, Blockbuster announced that it would cancel the 2002 award show following concerns about viewership and celebrity attendance after the September 11 attacks. Blockbuster Express was a movie-rental kiosk brand sublicensed for use by licensee NCR Corporation. In 2011, nearly 10,000 Blockbuster Express kiosks were in operation. Apart from the license to use the Blockbuster brand name, Blockbuster Express kiosks are unrelated to Blockbuster LLC, its stores,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2005085\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Book of Atrix Wolfe\",\n \"text\": \"The Book of Atrix Wolfe The Book of Atrix Wolfe is a 1995 fantasy novel written by American author Patricia A. McKillip. It was a finalist for the 1996 Mythopoeic Fantasy Award for Adult Literature. For twenty years, Atrix Wolfe has turned his back on his magic to live with the wolves in the mountains. A powerful mage, twenty years ago Atrix Wolfe turned the King of the Wood into a terrible Hunter in order to force the invading Kardeth army, which threatened the kingdoms of Pelucir and Chaumenard, to retreat. The Hunter massacred not only the invaders, but the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13411384\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bonfire of the vanities\",\n \"text\": \"so ardent a partisan that he was thereby induced to desert his painting, and, having no income to live on, fell into very great distress.\\\" Writing several centuries later, Orestes Brownson, an apologist for Savonarola, mentions artwork only by Fra Bartolomeo, Lorenzo di Credi, and \\\"many other painters,\\\" along with \\\"several antique statues.\\\" Art historian Rab Hatfield argues that one of Botticelli's paintings, \\\"The Mystical Nativity\\\", is based on the sermon Savonarola delivered on Christmas Eve, 1493. The event has been represented or mentioned in varying degrees of detail in a number of works of historical fiction, including George Eliot's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2633365\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Wolfe\",\n \"text\": \"things, how American life in the 1960s had been transformed by post-WWII economic prosperity. His defining work from this era is \\\"The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test\\\" (published the same day as \\\"The Pump House Gang\\\" in 1968), which for many epitomized the 1960s. Although a conservative in many ways (in 2008, he claimed never to have used LSD and to have tried marijuana only once) Wolfe became one of the notable figures of the decade. In 1970, he published two essays in book form as \\\"Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers\\\". \\\"Radical Chic\\\" was a biting account of a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1542242\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby\",\n \"text\": \"book indicates, Wolfe liberally uses colorful language. In addition, he makes frequent use of onomatopoeia, and uses all manner of type: capitalization, italics, multiple exclamation points, dashes, etc. Another characteristic of Wolfe's writing is switching from highly technical or scientific explanations to very colloquial turns of phrase, often within a single sentence. And, just as Wolfe uses medical jargon when describing the body, he uses commercial language when describing products and slang and vulgarity when chronicling sub-cultures. Most of these techniques remain hallmarks of Wolfe's writing style throughout his career, including in his publications following \\\"The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby\\\":\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6375512\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blockbuster (book)\",\n \"text\": \"directly interviewed. By the 1990s, however, Shone admits that Hollywood blockbusters were out of control and there was doubt as to whether the major studios were in the film business any more. The book concludes that blockbusters were rescued as a popular and credible film type by 2004, when \\\"\\\" became the first blockbuster to receive not only massive worldwide box office receipts but a clean sweep at the Oscars. Blockbuster (book) Blockbuster: How Hollywood Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Summer is a 2004 non-fiction book by British film critic Tom Shone published by Simon & Schuster UK\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12273386\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)\",\n \"text\": \"the character.\\\" De Palma has, however, been quick to downplay the notion that the movie suffered because of studio interference: \\\"The initial producers, once we had cast Tom Hanks, moved on and went over to Columbia Pictures, so I was sort of left to my own devices and pursued ways in which I thought I could make this movie more commercial and keep some edge of the book...I thought we were going to get away with it, but we didn't. I knew that the people who read the book were going to be extremely unhappy, and I said, 'Well, this\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7842279\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bonfire toffee\",\n \"text\": \"Bonfire toffee Bonfire toffee (also known as treacle toffee, Plot toffee, or Tom Trot) is a hard, brittle toffee associated with Halloween and Guy Fawkes Night (also known as \\\"Bonfire Night\\\") in the United Kingdom. The toffee tastes very strongly of molasses (black treacle), and cheap versions can be quite bitter. In Scotland, the treat is known as claggum, with less sweet versions known as clack. In Wales, it is known as loshin du. (losin du or taffi triog). The flavour is similar to that of butterscotch, although it is a toffee and never a viscous liquid. The use of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6511298\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fred Marcellino\",\n \"text\": \"Fred Marcellino Fred Marcellino (October 25, 1939 – July 12, 2001) was an American illustrator and later an author of children's books who was very influential in the book industry. Publisher Nan Talese said that Marcellino could \\\"in one image, translate the whole feeling and style of a book.\\\" Such was the case with his evocative painting for Judith Rossner's \\\"August\\\", published and edited by Talese. Among many other commissions, he was responsible for the covers of Margaret Atwood's novel \\\"The Handmaid's Tale\\\", Tom Wolfe's \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" and the 1987 Dell Laurel Leaf edition of Allen Appel's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4417872\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Wolfe\",\n \"text\": \"title character is a student of neuroscience. Wolfe describes the characters' thought and emotional processes, such as fear, humiliation and lust, in the clinical terminology of brain chemistry. Wolfe also frequently gives detailed descriptions of various aspects of his characters' anatomies. Wolfe adopted wearing a white suit as a trademark in 1962. He bought his first white suit, planning to wear it in the summer, in the style of Southern gentlemen. He found that the suit he'd bought was too heavy for summer use, so he wore it in winter, which created a sensation. At the time, white suits were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1542256\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Shroder\",\n \"text\": \"of Florida. Tom Shroder Tom Shroder (born 1954 in New York City) is a journalist, writer and editor who worked for the \\\"Washington Post\\\" for many years. Shroder is the author of \\\"The Most Famous Writer Who Ever Lived: A True Story of My Family\\\" (2016) an investigation into the life of his grandfather, Pulitzer Prize winning novelist MacKinlay Kantor; \\\"Acid Test: LSD, Ecstasy and the Power to Heal\\\" (2014) about the resurgence of research into the medical use of psychedelic drugs, ghost writer of the New York Times bestseller The Operator: Firing the Shots That Killed Bin Laden and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15929588\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Shroder\",\n \"text\": \"Tom Shroder Tom Shroder (born 1954 in New York City) is a journalist, writer and editor who worked for the \\\"Washington Post\\\" for many years. Shroder is the author of \\\"The Most Famous Writer Who Ever Lived: A True Story of My Family\\\" (2016) an investigation into the life of his grandfather, Pulitzer Prize winning novelist MacKinlay Kantor; \\\"Acid Test: LSD, Ecstasy and the Power to Heal\\\" (2014) about the resurgence of research into the medical use of psychedelic drugs, ghost writer of the New York Times bestseller The Operator: Firing the Shots That Killed Bin Laden and My Years\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15929585\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Bennett (author)\",\n \"text\": \"Weston, Amanda Spielman, Dr Rebecca Allen, Daisy Christodoulou, Chris Husbands, Brian Lightman, Laura McInerney, TM Sherrington' John Tomsett, Mary Whitehouse and many more. Held at Dulwich College, the plans are for this to become an annual event and a springboard for generating good practice in educational research. Tom Bennett (author) Tom Bennett, raised in Glasgow, is best known for his online blog \\\"The Behaviour Guru\\\" of which spawned his first book, \\\"The Behaviour Guru: Behaviour Management Solutions for Teachers\\\". Bennett is also a former nightclub manager on the Soho social scene which he did for eight years, which he entered\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15602221\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Wolfe\",\n \"text\": \"the thesis: \\\"Reading it, one sees what has been the most baleful influence of graduate education on many who have suffered through it: It deadens all sense of style.\\\" Originally rejected, his thesis was finally accepted after he rewrote it in an objective rather than a subjective style. Upon leaving Yale, he wrote a friend, explaining through expletives his personal opinions about his thesis. Though Wolfe was offered teaching jobs in academia, he opted to work as a reporter. In 1956, while still preparing his thesis, Wolfe became a reporter for the \\\"Springfield Union\\\" in Springfield, Massachusetts. Wolfe finished his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1542234\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Wolfe\",\n \"text\": \"still in college, Wolfe continued playing baseball as a pitcher and began to play semi-professionally. In 1952, he earned a tryout with the New York Giants but was cut after three days, which he blamed on his inability to throw good fastballs. Wolfe abandoned baseball and instead followed his professor Fishwick's example, enrolling in Yale University's American studies doctoral program. His Ph.D. thesis was titled \\\"The League of American Writers: Communist Organizational Activity Among American Writers, 1929-1942.\\\" In the course of his research, Wolfe interviewed many writers, including Malcolm Cowley, Archibald MacLeish, and James T. Farrell. A biographer remarked on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1542233\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ham sandwich\",\n \"text\": \"from the processed meat. A ham sandwich was suspected of causing an outbreak of swine fever in the UK in 2000. New York State chief judge Sol Wachtler was famously quoted by Tom Wolfe in \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" that \\\"a grand jury would 'indict a ham sandwich,' if that's what you wanted.\\\" A fictional talking ham sandwich appeared in an online noir serial in the late 1990s, and the publishers sued in 1999 when a similar character appeared in a television advertisement for Florida orange juice, though the suit was withdrawn. The name \\\"ham sandwich\\\" is sometimes used\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11224501\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Liar's Poker\",\n \"text\": \"Liar's Poker Liar's Poker is a non-fiction, semi-autobiographical book by Michael Lewis describing the author's experiences as a bond salesman on Wall Street during the late 1980s. First published in 1989, it is considered one of the books that defined Wall Street during the 1980s, along with Bryan Burrough and John Helyar's \\\"\\\", and the fictional \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" by Tom Wolfe. The book captures an important period in the history of Wall Street. Two important figures in that history feature prominently in the text, the head of Salomon Brothers' mortgage department Lewis Ranieri and the firm's CEO\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3361164\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anthony Haden-Guest\",\n \"text\": \"of the Art World\\\", published by Grove Atlantic. Haden-Guest is known for being humorously irreverent, as seen in the following quote on Gawker.com: The massive streak of Puritanism in America has reasserted itself, especially amongst liberals. When I moved to New York there were still a bunch of good writers, often half-drunk, but still very good writers. That doesn't exist any more. Where do they go? They probably go and teach at Bard. In response to a suggestion that Peter Fallow in the Tom Wolfe novel \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" (1987) was based on British expatriate journalist Christopher Hitchens,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11793066\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Salomon Brothers\",\n \"text\": \"Global Markets. Two members of the Salomon Brothers' bond arbitrage, John Meriwether and Myron Scholes, later became a founder and a consultant for Long-Term Capital Management, a hedge fund that collapsed in 1998. The firm's top bond traders called themselves \\\"Big Swinging Dicks,\\\" and were the inspiration for the book \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\", by Tom Wolfe. Salomon Brothers' success and decline in the 1980s is documented in Michael Lewis' 1989 book, \\\"Liar's Poker\\\". Lewis went through Salomon's training program and then became a bond salesman at Salomon Brothers in London. The last years of Salomon Brothers, culminating in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3862796\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"South Bronx\",\n \"text\": \"he had not \\\"seen anything that looked like this since London after the Blitz\\\". The 1987 novel \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\", by the American writer Tom Wolfe, presented the South Bronx as a nightmare world, not to be entered by middle or upper-class whites. Beginning in the late 1980s, parts of the South Bronx started to experience urban renewal with rehabilitated and brand new residential structures, including both subsidized multifamily townhomes and apartment buildings. The Bright Temple A.M.E. Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. Over 1 billion US dollars were spent on rebuilding\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1561523\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Shone\",\n \"text\": \"Tom Shone Tom Shone is an American film critic and writer. He was the Sunday Times film critic from 1994 to 1999 and has written for \\\"Vogue\\\", \\\"Slate\\\", the \\\"New Yorker\\\", the \\\"New York Times\\\" and \\\"The Guardian'. Blog: http://tomshone.blogspot.com/ He is the author of \\\"Blockbuster: How Hollywood Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Summer\\\", published in 2004 by Simon & Schuster, . The book is an analysis of the Hollywood blockbuster phenomenon driven chiefly by Steven Spielberg and George Lucas in the 1970s, based on interviews with these and other film-makers. (“The film book of the year... enthralling...\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12273727\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blockbuster LLC\",\n \"text\": \"with a Blockbuster@Home television package for Dish Network subscribers until 2015, when both were replaced by DISH Movie Pack. The company's continued decline was attributed to poor leadership according to others in the industry. Ken Tisher, owner of one of the few remaining Blockbuster stores, said, \\\"Blockbuster, if it isn't already, is going to go into the Harvard Business Review for how not to run a business, or how to run a business into the ground.\\\" Keith Hoogland, owner of Family Video, said a lot of poor decisions was a primary reason the company did not survive. Dan Rayburn of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2005078\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Exclamation mark\",\n \"text\": \"split. The band Bomb the Music Industry! utilizes an exclamation mark in its name, as well as several album and song titles and promotional material. Examples include their songs \\\"(Shut) Up The Punx!!!\\\" and the album \\\"\\\". American musician Pink stylizes her stage name \\\"P!NK\\\", and uses three exclamation points in the subtitle of her 2010 release, \\\"Greatest Hits... So Far!!!. The exclamation mark was included in the title of Dinah Shore's TV series, \\\"Dinah!\\\" The exclamation mark was later the subject of a bitter argument between Elaine Benes and her boyfriend, Jake Jarmel, in the \\\"Seinfeld\\\" episode, \\\"The Sniffing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9065756\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)\",\n \"text\": \"with black and Puerto Rican defendants going to prison and Weiss is seeking a white defendant for purposes of convincing the minority-majority community that he is worth re-electing. Weiss recognizes the press coverage inherent in prosecuting the callow Sherman, who has been discovered as the owner of the car, and therefore presumed to be the hit-and-run driver, in order to cultivate the image as an avenger for the minorities and be propelled to the mayorship of New York City. As Sherman is brought to his knees, New York City fragments into different factions who use the case to suit their\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7842265\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Sniffing Accountant\",\n \"text\": \"book manuscript to replace many of the periods with exclamation points, prompting an uncomfortable meeting with her boss, Mr. Lippman, in which he derisively reads aloud some of her bizarre placings of exclamation points. George's father gets him an interview with Sid Farkus (Patrick Cronin) for a job as a bra salesman. In his interview, George tells a sentimentalized version of the first time he saw a bra, resulting in him getting hired. Inspired by Elaine's story of how she met Jake, he feels a woman's shirt between his thumb and forefinger on his way out. The woman (Christa Miller),\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7773446\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Exclamation mark\",\n \"text\": \"exclamation mark (e.g., , , 'Oops! Oh!'), an interjection should only be separated from an extended exclamation by a comma (e.g., , , 'Oops! I left the stove on.'). In Spanish, a sentence or clause ending in an exclamation mark must also begin with an inverted exclamation mark (the same also applies to the question mark): , 'Are you crazy? You almost killed her!' As in British English, a bracketed exclamation mark may be used to indicate irony or surprise at a statement: , 'He said that he's not going to a party tonight(!).' Such use is not matched by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9065736\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Four Visits of Samuel Wolfe\",\n \"text\": \"The Four Visits of Samuel Wolfe The Four Visits of Samuel Wolfe () is a 1934 Soviet drama film directed by Aleksandr Stolper. Not being able to realize his invention within his own country, engineer Arrowsmith, author of the patent for ore flotation leaves for Soviet Union to work at one of the flotation plants, where he soon discovers a group of Soviet engineers conduct similar work. After some hesitation, Arrowsmith passes his invention to the plant and gets an offer to work together on the implementation of the invention. Samuel Wolfe arrives, a spokesman for the syndicate of flotation\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19278697\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thomas Wolfe\",\n \"text\": \"Wolfe was \\\"the over-bloated Li'l Abner of literature.\\\" Southerner and Harvard historian David Herbert Donald's biography of Wolfe, \\\"Look Homeward,\\\" won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography in 1988. Wolfe inspired the works of many other authors, including Betty Smith with \\\"A Tree Grows in Brooklyn\\\", Robert Morgan, author of \\\"Gap Creek\\\", and \\\"Prince of Tides\\\" author Pat Conroy, who has said, \\\"My writing career began the instant I finished \\\"Look Homeward, Angel\\\".\\\" Jack Kerouac idolized Wolfe. Ray Bradbury was influenced by Wolfe, and included him as a character in his books. Earl Hamner, Jr., who went on to create the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1437615\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Pump House Gang\",\n \"text\": \"as one of his generation's most prominent social critics. The stories in \\\"The Pump House Gang\\\" are written in the style of New Journalism that Wolfe and other writers like Joan Didion and Gay Talese helped to popularize. According to Time Magazine's review of Wolfe's book: He uses a language that explodes with comic-book words like \\\"POW!\\\" and \\\"boing.\\\" His sentences are shot with ellipses, stabbed with exclamation points, or bombarded with long lists of brand names and anatomical terms. He is irritating, but he did develop a new journalistic idiom that has brought relief from standard Middle-High Journalese. Wolfe's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10395908\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How many angels can dance on the head of a pin?\",\n \"text\": \"dancing on a needle's point occurs in an expository work by the English divine, William Sclater (1575-1626). In \\\"An exposition with notes vpon the first Epistle to the Thessalonians\\\" (1619), Sclater claimed that scholastic philosophers occupied themselves with such pointless questions as whether angels \\\"did occupie a place; and so, whether many might be in one place at one time; and how many might sit on a Needles point; and six hundred such like needlesse points.\\\" Harrison proposes that the reason an English writer first introduced the \\\"needle’s point\\\" into a critique of medieval angelology is that it makes for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9658328\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Cox (writer)\",\n \"text\": \"Tom Cox (writer) Tom Cox is a British author. Tom Cox is a Nottinghamshire-born British author, who to date has published nine books, including the Sunday Times bestseller \\\"The Good, The Bad & The Furry\\\" and \\\"Bring Me The Head Of Sergio Garcia\\\", his account of his year as Britain’s most inept golf professional, which was long listed for the William Hill Sports Book Of The Year award. Between 1999 and 2000 he was the chief rock critic for The Guardian and went on to write columns and features for many other newspapers and magazines, before quitting print journalism altogether\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14827148\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Literature in the 1970s\",\n \"text\": \"to Apartheid. By decade's end, Tom Wolfe topped the best-seller lists with \\\"The Right Stuff\\\", which celebrated the early NASA test pilots and astronauts. After two decades of cookbooks, historical novels and inspirational religious fiction topping the bestseller charts, literature in the seventies took a new turn. The independence and freedom themes of the sixties showed up in early seventies literature, with a 1970 fiction top ten bestseller, \\\"The French Lieutenant's Woman\\\" by John Fowles. Fowles tells a story about a woman choosing to raise a child on her own in an artists world, as opposed to marrying into money\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11437034\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bonfire (song)\",\n \"text\": \"Bonfire (song) \\\"Bonfire\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Craig Morgan. It was released in May 2009 as the third single from his album \\\"That's Why\\\". It is only available on later presses of the album. The song entered the top 40 on the U.S. country charts in June 2009. It is his sixteenth single release. A Christmas version with new lyrics was released on November 24, 2009. Morgan wrote the song with Kevin Denney, Tom Botkin and Mike Rogers. \\\"Bonfire\\\" is an up-tempo with electric guitar accompaniment. In it, the narrator describes a summertime\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13481967\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\",\n \"text\": \"from his boss for failing to sell the bond, his lawyer, Tommy Killian, calls to tell him of his upcoming arrest, forcing him to admit his legal problems to his boss and being given a leave of absence as a result. McCoy's upper class friends ostracize him, and his wife leaves him and takes their daughter Campbell (McCoy's only source of genuine family love) to live with his parents. 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question stringlengths 18 1.2k | positive_ctxs list | negative_ctxs list | hard_negative_ctxs list | answers list |
|---|---|---|---|---|
where was the peace treaty signed that brought world war i to an end? | [
{
"title": "Treaty of Versailles",
"text": "[that] came in 1943\" leading to the development of the V-2 rocket. Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles () was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied P... | [] | [
{
"title": "Peace treaty",
"text": "issues or separate treaties signed between each party. There are many possible issues which may be included in a peace treaty. Some of these may be: In modern times certain intractable conflict situations may first be brought to a ceasefire and are then dealt with via a p... | [
"palais de versailles",
"palace of versailles",
"musee national du chateau de versailles et des trianons",
"palace and park of versailles",
"chateau of versailles",
"versailles",
"museum of the history of france, versailles",
"city of versailles",
"palace of versailles",
"musée de versailles",
... |
which welsh singer was invited to sing at the white house on millennium eve? | [
{
"title": "Paul Child (singer)",
"text": "Paul Child (singer) Paul Child (born Paul Michael Thomas) is a Welsh singer who lives in Bridgend, Wales. Paul sang in a number of rock bands as a teenager and moved on to work on the circuit in Tenerife. In 1996 Child returned to Wales and continued his career. Be... | [] | [
{
"title": "I Love to Sing the Songs I Sing",
"text": "I Love to Sing the Songs I Sing I Love to Sing the Songs I Sing is the self-produced ninth album by American R&B singer Barry White, released in 1979 on the 20th Century-Fox Records label. \"I Love to Sing the Songs I Sing\" fulfilled White's 20th Centu... | [
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"tom jones!",
"tom jones (disambiguation)",
"tom jones (opera)",
"tom jones",
"tom jones (movie)"
] |
which company was responsible for the oil spill in alaska in 1989? | [
{
"title": "Exxon Valdez oil spill",
"text": "Exxon Valdez oil spill The \"Exxon Valdez\" oil spill occurred in Prince William Sound, Alaska, March 24, 1989, when \"Exxon Valdez\", an oil tanker owned by Exxon Shipping Company, bound for Long Beach, California, struck Prince William Sound's Bligh Reef, 1.5 ... | [] | [
{
"title": "Oil spill governance in the United States",
"text": "are co-ordinated by the USCG. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Response and Restoration (NOAA) works closely with the USCG in providing assistance in technical areas such as Consideration of Alternatives, Oil disp... | [
"standard oil new jersey",
"exxon company",
"exxon",
"jersey standard",
"exxon",
"exxon research and engineering company",
"esso petroleum",
"standard oil company of new jersey",
"exxon company usa"
] |
vehicles from which country use the international registration letter c? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "International vehicle registration code",
"text": "system is used for vehicles belonging to the diplomats of foreign countries with license plate from the host country. That system is host country-specific and varies largely from country to country. For example TR on a diplomatic car in the USA ... | [
"republic of cuba",
"second republic of cuba",
"people's republic of cuba",
"cuba",
"subdivisions of cuba",
"red cuba",
"cuba",
"administrative divisions of cuba",
"cuban news agency",
"etymology of cuba",
"the republic of cuba",
"isla juana",
"república de cuba",
"iso 3166-1:cu",
"name... |
what date is father's day? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Rolex Day-Date",
"text": "Rolex Day-Date The Rolex Oyster Perpetual Day-Date is a COSC certified, self-winding chronometer manufactured by Rolex. Initially presented in 1956, the Day-Date was the first watch to display the date, as well as the day, in its entirety. The Day-Date is one of Rolex's... | [
"3rd sunday in june"
] |
in which decade of the 20th century was the fbi set up? | [
{
"title": "Fame in the 20th Century",
"text": "Fame in the 20th Century Fame in the 20th Century is a 1993 BBC documentary television series and book by Clive James. The book and series examined the phenomenon of fame and how it expanded to international mass media proportions throughout the 20th century. ... | [] | [
{
"title": "Great Pianists of the 20th Century",
"text": "Great Pianists of the 20th Century Great Pianists of the 20th Century was a 200-CD box set released by Philips Records in 1999 and sponsored by Steinway & Sons. The box set comprises 100 volumes featuring 72 pianists of the 20th century, each volume ... | [
"1900s",
"1900s (disambiguation)",
"1900's",
"nineteen-hundreds"
] |
in which decade of the 20th century was dan aykroyd born? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Dan Aykroyd",
"text": "\"\", which claimed to describe cases drawn from the archives of \"The Office Of Scientific Investigation And Research.\" In 2005, Aykroyd produced the DVD \"Dan Aykroyd: Unplugged on UFOs\". Aykroyd is interviewed for 80 minutes by UFOlogist David Sereda discussing in dep... | [
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"'50s",
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] |
which american wrote the game of chess in 1959? | [
{
"title": "The Game of the Century (chess)",
"text": "The Game of the Century (chess) In chess, The Game of the Century is a chess game played between 26-year-old Donald Byrne and 13-year-old Bobby Fischer in the Rosenwald Memorial Tournament in New York City on October 17, 1956, which Fischer won. The com... | [] | [
{
"title": "The Game of the Century (chess)",
"text": "one of the leading American chess masters at the time of this game. He won the 1953 U.S. Open Championship, and later represented the United States in the 1962, 1964, and 1968 Chess Olympiads. He became an International Master in 1962, and probably woul... | [
"bobby fischer (chess career)",
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"bobbie fischer",
"regina wender",
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"robert j fischer",
"bobby ficsher",
"bobbie fisher",
"fischer's endg... |
which company first manufactured the electric toothbrush? | [
{
"title": "Electric toothbrush",
"text": "braces). The Broxo Electric Toothbrush was introduced in the U.S. by E. R. Squibb and Sons Pharmaceuticals in 1960. After introduction, it was marketed in the U.S. by Squibb under the names Broxo-Dent or Broxodent. In the 1980s Squibb transferred distribution of th... | [] | [
{
"title": "Electric toothbrush",
"text": "ultrasonic toothbrushes, depending on whether they make movements that are below, in or above the audible range (20–20,000 Hz or 2400–2,400,000 movements per minute), respectively. The first electric toothbrush was produced by the Electro Massage Tooth Brush Compan... | [
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"bristol-myers squibb epsilon holdings",
"bristol myers",
"bmy",
"bristol-myers",
"bristol myer squ... |
who lived under the pseudonym of harriet brown in new york form the 40s to the 90s? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Harriet A. Brown",
"text": "was an occasional contributor to the newspaper press. In 1902 she wrote \"Scientific dress cutting and making, \"The Harriet A. Brown system,\" simplified and improved; directions for its use\". Harriet A. Brown married Albert G. Brown (1848-1935) and had two children... | [
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"greta gustafsson"
] |
which actor bought the island of tetiaroa? | [
{
"title": "Tetiaroa",
"text": "eight of Marlon Brando's eleven children are involved in the project. Waltzing with Brando by Bernard Judge Tetiaroa Teti'aroa is an atoll in the Windward group of the Society Islands of French Polynesia, an overseas territorial collectivity of France in the Pacific Ocean. On... | [] | [
{
"title": "We Bought a Zoo",
"text": "adaptation of Benjamin Mee's memoir \"We Bought a Zoo\". He then began rewriting the film's script, which was originally written by Aline Brosh McKenna. This was the first film that was directed by Crowe since the 2005 film \"Elizabethtown\". The film was released on D... | [
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"marlin brando",
"marlon brando, jr.",
"brandoesque",
"marlon brando",
"brando family"
] |
between 1952 and 1954 did the number of tv stations in the usa double, triple or quadruple? | [
{
"title": "Quadruple bond",
"text": "to give a bond order of 2, meaning that there exists a double bond between the two carbons in a dicarbon (C) molecule. The molecular orbital diagram of diatomic carbon would show that there are two pi bonds and no sigma bonds. However, a recent paper by S. Shaik et al. ... | [] | [
{
"title": "The Time in Between (TV series)",
"text": "Courage and Love\") and aired with an average of 3.4 million viewers (14% share). In Portugal, the series aired on TVI. In Japan, the series premiered in June 2015 on NHK General TV as \"Jonetsu no Shira\" (\"Sira's Passion\"). The rights for the series... | [
"thricefold",
"triple (disambiguation)",
"triples",
"triple"
] |
what was wham!'s first no 1? | [
{
"title": "Freedom (Wham! song)",
"text": "was used by George Michael as an introduction to his song, \"Faith\", played on a church organ. Freedom (Wham! song) \"Freedom\" is a hit song by British pop duo Wham!. It became the group's second number one hit on the UK Singles Chart and reached number three in... | [] | [
{
"title": "Wham!",
"text": "with Paul Weller in The Style Council, and was replaced by Pepsi DeMacque. Holliman and DeMacque would later record as Pepsi & Shirlie. Wham followed up \"Young Guns (Go for It)\" with a reissue of \"Wham Rap (Enjoy What You Do)\", \"Bad Boys\" and \"Club Tropicana\". By the end... | [
"wake me up before you go-go",
"wake me up before you go go"
] |
which musical featured the song you'll never walk alone? | [
{
"title": "You'll Never Walk Alone",
"text": "facts relating to the unlawful killing by negligence of 96 Liverpool supporters. On 13 March 2016, after Borussia Dortmund's 2-0 win against 1. FSV Mainz 05 in the German Bundesliga, supporters of both teams performed the song to commemorate a Dortmund fan who ... | [] | [
{
"title": "May You Never Be Alone",
"text": "Studios in Nashville on March 1, 1950. He is backed by Dale Potter (fiddle), Don Davis (steel guitar), Zeke Turner (lead guitar), Clyde Baum (mandolin), Jack Shook (rhythm guitar), and probably Ernie Newton (bass). Clyde Baum plays the only mandolin solo to be e... | [
"carousels",
"🎠",
"merry-go-round",
"loof",
"marry go round",
"merry-go-round",
"merry go round",
"merry go round",
"merry-go-round",
"merrygoround",
"carousel",
"carrousel"
] |
in which year was bloody sunday in londonderry? | [
{
"title": "Sunday Bloody Sunday",
"text": "uplifting structure. Bono once commented that \"love is...a central theme\" of \"Sunday Bloody Sunday\" The band have said the lyrics refer to the events of both Bloody Sunday in 1972 and Bloody Sunday in 1920, but are not specifically about either event. The song... | [] | [
{
"title": "Sunday Bloody Sunday",
"text": "Sunday Bloody Sunday \"Sunday Bloody Sunday\" is a song by Irish rock band U2. It is the opening track from their 1983 album \"War\" and was released as the album's third single on 21 March 1983 in Germany and the Netherlands. \"Sunday Bloody Sunday\" is noted for... | [
"one thousand, nine hundred and seventy-two",
"1972"
] |
the first untethered space walk took place from which space craft? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Somerset Space Walk",
"text": "Somerset Space Walk The Somerset Space Walk is a sculpture trail model of the Solar System, located in Somerset, England. The model uses the towpath of the Bridgwater and Taunton Canal to display a model of the Sun and its planets in their proportionally correct si... | [
"challenger",
"challengers",
"challengers (disambiguation)",
"challenger (album)",
"challenger (disambiguation)"
] |
what was the main color of a storm trooper in star wars? | [
{
"title": "Clone trooper",
"text": "film series and in the \"Star Wars\" expanded universe media, a number of specialized trooper units are seen, including elite special forces units such as the 'Advanced Reconnaissance Commandos' (ARC troopers), and Null ARCs, who usually work alone. All clone commandos a... | [] | [
{
"title": "Star Wars: Storm in the Glass",
"text": "Star Wars: Storm in the Glass Star Wars: Storm in the Glass (, refers to operation of Persian Gulf War \"Desert Storm\"), sometimes translated as Star Wars: Tempest in a Teapot, is a humorous 2004 English-to-Russian movie spoof of the 1999 science fantasy... | [
"white (colour)",
"rgb(255, 255, 255)",
"white",
"whitishness",
"whiter",
"(255, 255, 255)",
"whitishly",
"white (political adjective)",
"white-",
"white-finn",
"whitest",
"ffffff",
"color/white",
"man on a white horse"
] |
luxor international airport is in which country? | [
{
"title": "Luxor International Airport",
"text": "Luxor International Airport Luxor International Airport is the main airport serving the city of Luxor, Egypt. It is located four miles (6 km) east of the city. Many charter airlines use the airport, as it is a popular tourist destination for those visiting ... | [] | [
{
"title": "Air Luxor",
"text": "Air Luxor Air Luxor was an airline based in Luxor Plaza in Lisbon, Portugal, operating a limited number of scheduled flights out of Portela Airport, Lisbon. The airline's operations were located in Building C1 and Hangar 7 in Delta Park, an area in Lisbon Airport. The airlin... | [
"egy",
"arab republic of egypt",
"a .r . egypt",
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"مصر",
"kemmet",
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"arab republic of egypt",
"names of egypt",
"miṣr",
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"eytp",
"national identity of egyptians",
"jumhuriyat misr al'arabiyah... |
which country did albert einstein move to as the nazis rose to power? | [
{
"title": "Albert Einstein",
"text": "Elsa to join him as his special guests. Walter Isaacson, Einstein's biographer, described this as \"one of the most memorable scenes in the new era of celebrity\". Chaplin visited Einstein at his home on a later trip to Berlin, and recalled his \"modest little flat\" a... | [] | [
{
"title": "Albert Einstein Archives",
"text": "was a member of the university's first board of governors. In 1925, the original 46-page manuscript of the general theory of relativity ended up at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Einstein did not save all of his written material, but from 1919, as his fam... | [
"the united states of america",
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"the u s a",
"unietd states",
"ee uu",
"the u.s.a.",
"u.-s.-a.",
"usa",
"united staets... |
in the 90s how many points have been awarded for finishing first in a grand prix? | [
{
"title": "1981 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season",
"text": "developed in the 1950s, to aluminium frames featuring large, twin beams as first pioneered by Spanish constructor, Antonio Cobas. The following Grands Prix were scheduled to take place in 1981: Points are awarded to the top ten finishers. A rid... | [] | [
{
"title": "USCF Grand Prix",
"text": "they do. USCF Grand Prix The USCF Grand Prix is a set of chess tournaments for prize money rated by the United States Chess Federation. In general, a tournament must have at least $300 in guaranteed prizes to award \"Grand Prix\" points. At the end of the year, prizes ... | [
"10",
"ten"
] |
which lawyer made raymond burr famous? | [
{
"title": "Raymond Burr",
"text": "Raymond Burr Raymond William Stacy Burr (May 21, 1917September 12, 1993) was a Canadian American actor, primarily known for his title roles in the television dramas \"Perry Mason\" and \"Ironside\". He was prominently involved in multiple charitable endeavors, such as wor... | [] | [
{
"title": "Raymond Burr",
"text": "museum. Burr was a trustee and an early supporter who chaired the museum's first capital campaign and made direct contributions from his collection. A display about Burr as an actor, benefactor and collector opened in the museum's Great Hall of Shells in 2012. From 2000 t... | [
"perry mason (film)",
"perry mason",
"perry mason: the case of the defiant daughter",
"perry mason"
] |
which broadcasting company did edward j noble found? | [
{
"title": "Edward J. Noble",
"text": "of its two radio networks, he founded the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) when he purchased the Blue Network (formerly part of NBC) on October 12, 1943. He tried to build ABC into an innovative and competitive broadcaster, but was hampered by financial problems and... | [] | [
{
"title": "Edward J. Noble",
"text": "Edward J. Noble Edward John Noble (October 8, 1882 – December 28, 1958) was an American broadcasting and candy industrialist originally from Gouverneur, New York. He co-founded the Life Savers Corporation in 1913. He founded the American Broadcasting Company when he pu... | [
"abcs",
"abc",
"a b c",
"a. b. c.",
"a.b.c.",
"abc (channel)",
"abc",
"abc (album)",
"abc (tv)",
"abc (disambiguation)",
"abc (network)",
"abc (tv channel)",
"abc (broadcasting)"
] |
in which decade did the jackson 5 sign to motown? | [
{
"title": "The Essential Michael Jackson",
"text": "The Essential Michael Jackson The Essential Michael Jackson is a greatest hits compilation album by American singer Michael Jackson. It was released on July 19, 2005, by Sony Music's catalog division Legacy Recordings as part of \"The Essential\" series. ... | [] | [
{
"title": "50 Best Songs – The Motown Years: Michael Jackson & The Jackson 5",
"text": "50 Best Songs – The Motown Years: Michael Jackson & The Jackson 5 50 Best Songs – The Motown Years: Michael Jackson & The Jackson 5 (also known as 50 Best Songs or The Motown Years) is a 3-disc compilation box set by Am... | [
"sixties revolution",
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"1960s (decade)",
"the '60's",
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"1960s in sports",
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"the 60's",
"nineteen-sixties",
"1960ies",
"1960–1969",
"%6060s",
"'60s",
"1960-1969",
"1960's",
"the ... |
in which state is harrah's auto collection situated? | [
{
"title": "William F. Harrah",
"text": "won Best of Show at Pebble Beach. After his death Holiday Inn acquired Harrah's of which the car collection was part of. The bulk of the collection were sold at several auctions between 1984-1986 for more than $100 million. An outcry by the people of Reno and Sparks ... | [] | [
{
"title": "William F. Harrah",
"text": "skin color or gender. The main theater in Harrah's Reno was named \"Sammy's Showroom\" after entertainer Sammy Davis, Jr. (whose Duesenberg replica now resides in the museum that bears Harrah's name), and actor-comedian Bill Cosby recalls Harrah as a good friend. The... | [
"silver state",
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"the sagebrush state",
"nv (state)",
"education in nevada",
"religion in nevada",
"nevadian",
"36th state",
"the battle born stat... |
what was the name of gene autry's horse? | [
{
"title": "Gene Autry",
"text": "starring role by Levine in 1935 in the 12-part serial \"The Phantom Empire.\" Shortly thereafter, Mascot was absorbed by the newly formed Republic Pictures Corp. and Autry went along to make a further 44 films up to 1940, all B Westerns in which he played under his own name... | [] | [
{
"title": "Gene Autry",
"text": "into the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association's ProRodeo Hall of Fame in 1979. Autry received several honors for his contributions to rodeo. Gene Autry was often portrayed in the comics, primarily during the heyday of Western-themed comics, the 1940s and 1950s. The Regist... | [
"champion",
"edric egberuare",
"title match system",
"intercontinental champion",
"champions",
"championship game",
"chåmpionship"
] |
which city has a sports team of steelers and team of pirates? | [
{
"title": "Pittsburgh Steelers Legends team",
"text": "the pre-1970 era.\" The eight-person selection committee that named the Legends team included Dan Rooney, Steelers Vice President Art Rooney Jr., team scout Bill Nunn, former long-time coach Dick Hoak, long-time Steelers broadcaster Myron Cope, former ... | [] | [
{
"title": "2007 East Carolina Pirates football team",
"text": "2007 East Carolina Pirates football team The 2007 East Carolina Pirates football team represented East Carolina University in the 2007 NCAA Division I FBS football season and played their home games in Dowdy–Ficklen Stadium. The team was coache... | [
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"pittsburgh, pen... |
what went with blood and sweat in the name of the 60s rock band? | [
{
"title": "Blood, Sweat & Tears",
"text": "Blood, Sweat & Tears Blood, Sweat & Tears is a jazz-rock American music group. They are noted for their combination of brass and rock band instrumentation. The group recorded songs by rock/folk songwriters such as Laura Nyro, James Taylor, The Band and the Rolling... | [] | [
{
"title": "Blood, Sweat and Towers",
"text": "Blood, Sweat and Towers Blood, Sweat and Towers is the debut album of English punk rock band the Towers of London, released on 5 June 2006. The album features thirteen tracks, four of which have been released in the United Kingdom as singles. The album was heav... | [
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"bogorad's syndrome",
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"reflex ear... |
which musical featured the song i feel pretty? | [
{
"title": "I Feel Pretty",
"text": "I Feel Pretty \"I Feel Pretty\" is a song from the 1957 musical \"West Side Story\". \"The New York Times\" explained that \"Mr. Sondheim…has said he was never particularly fond of his lyrics in 'West Side Story,' especially 'I Feel Pretty, later expressing that \"The id... | [] | [
{
"title": "I Feel Pretty (film)",
"text": "27, 2018, due to strong test screening results. The release date was later changed again to April 20, 2018, a week earlier, to avoid competition with \"\", which after \"I Feel Pretty\"s initial move, had itself moved from its May 4, 2018 date to April 27. , \"I F... | [
"the sharks (west side story)",
"gee, officer krupke",
"westside story",
"west side story 2008",
"riff (character)",
"west side story",
"the jets (west side story)",
"jet song",
"west side story",
"west side story (musical)"
] |
"who said, ""being no 1 tennis player in the world doesn't necessarily mean you're intelligent?""" | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "You Said No",
"text": "also became the first band ever to enter the UK charts 3-2-1 with their first three singles. \"You Said No\" is about being rejected at a disco by a girl and feeling humiliated. The song was first recorded under the title \"Crash and Burn\", and this version was included o... | [
"jana novotná",
"jana novotna"
] |
who produced the first jetliner in 1957? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Avro Canada C102 Jetliner",
"text": "Ontario. Canada Post issued a stamp to commemorate the development of the Jetliner. Jetliner Road in Mississauga, Ontario is named for the airliner at Toronto Pearson International Airport. \"Avro Jetliner Private\" also commemorates the aircraft at Ottawa Mc... | [
"boeing aircraft of canada",
"boeing information services, inc.",
"the boeing company",
"boeing aircraft",
"pacific aero products",
"continental datagraphics",
"boeing electronics, inc.",
"the boeing co.",
"boeing aircraft corp",
"boeing company",
"boeing aircraft company",
"pacific aero produ... |
in which decade of the 20th century was james caan born? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "James Caan",
"text": "to Sheila Marie Ryan (a former girlfriend of Elvis Presley's) in 1976 was short-lived; they divorced the following year. Their son, Scott Caan, who also is an actor, was born August 23, 1976. Caan was married to Ingrid Hajek from September 1990 to March 1994; they had a son... | [
"1930's",
"thirties",
"1930s literature",
"nineteen-thirties",
"1930–1939",
"1930-1939",
"'30s",
"1930s",
"1930's",
"%6030s",
"1930s (decade)",
"the thirties"
] |
in which country is the deepwater port of trondheim? | [
{
"title": "Trondheim",
"text": "Trondheim Trondheim (; historically Kaupangen, Nidaros and Trondhjem) is a city and municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It has a population of 193,501 (4th quarter 2017), and is the third-most populous municipality in Norway, although the fourth largest urban area. It ... | [] | [
{
"title": "Gulf Gateway Deepwater Port",
"text": "Gulf Gateway Deepwater Port Gulf Gateway Deepwater Port was the first offshore liquefied natural gas LNG import facility. Gulf Gateway was owned by Excelerate Energy Limited Partnership. It was located in Block 603 of the West Cameron Area, South Addition a... | [
"norvège",
"mainland norway",
"norway",
"norvege",
"noregur",
"norway",
"norwegian state",
"etymology of norway",
"noruega",
"norwegen",
"iso 3166-1:no",
"noreg",
"republic of norway",
"norwegian kingdom",
"kongeriket noreg",
"name of norway",
"kongeriket norge",
"noorwegen",
"k... |
in which state is camp david? | [
{
"title": "Camp David",
"text": "Camp David Camp David is the country retreat for the President of the United States. It is located in the wooded hills of Catoctin Mountain Park near Thurmont, Maryland, also near Emmitsburg, Maryland about 62 miles (100 km) north-northwest of Washington, D.C. It is officia... | [] | [
{
"title": "Camp David",
"text": "in 1935 and was completed in 1938. In 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt converted it to a presidential retreat and renamed it \"Shangri-La\" (for the fictional Himalayan paradise in the 1933 novel \"Lost Horizon\" by British author James Hilton, which he had jokingly re... | [
"education in maryland",
"the old line state",
"murder land",
"geography of maryland",
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"maryland",
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"transport in maryland",
"old line state",
"maryland, usa",
"maryland, united states",
"maryland gross state product",
"maryland",
"maryland (state)",
"m... |
what was the statue of liberty originally called? | [
{
"title": "Statue of Liberty",
"text": "it as a welcoming sight. Oral histories of immigrants record their feelings of exhilaration on first viewing the Statue of Liberty. One immigrant who arrived from Greece recalled: Originally, the statue was a dull copper color, but shortly after 1900 a green patina, ... | [] | [
{
"title": "Statue of Liberty",
"text": "public protest against the proposed exterior painting. The Army Corps of Engineers studied the patina for any ill effects to the statue and concluded that it protected the skin, \"softened the outlines of the Statue and made it beautiful.\" The statue was painted onl... | [
"liberty, statue of",
"statue of liberty",
"fort wood national monument",
"staute of liberty",
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"azadliq statue",
"freiheitsstatue",
"liberty enlightening the world",
"statue of liberty, usa",
"statue of liberty",
"liberty enlightening the world",
"statue liberty",
"mothe... |
who sang the bond theme form from russia with love? | [
{
"title": "From Russia with Love (soundtrack)",
"text": "From Russia with Love (soundtrack) From Russia with Love is the soundtrack for the second James Bond film of the same name. This is the first series film with John Barry as the primary soundtrack composer. John Barry, arranger of Monty Norman's \"Jam... | [] | [
{
"title": "From Russia with Love (soundtrack)",
"text": "<nowiki>*</nowiki> Not heard in the film From Russia with Love (soundtrack) From Russia with Love is the soundtrack for the second James Bond film of the same name. This is the first series film with John Barry as the primary soundtrack composer. Joh... | [
"fred flange",
"matt monroe",
"matt munro",
"matt monro",
"matt munroe",
"terence edward parsons"
] |
which company was responsible for the oil spill in new york harbor in 1990? | [
{
"title": "Oil spill governance in the United States",
"text": "debates is illustrated in the question \"who is liable in the case of a vessel spill?\" The cargo owner or the ship operator/ owner? Another significant issue was the interaction of domestic legislation and international measures. In 1980's, i... | [] | [
{
"title": "Oil spill governance in the United States",
"text": "are co-ordinated by the USCG. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Response and Restoration (NOAA) works closely with the USCG in providing assistance in technical areas such as Consideration of Alternatives, Oil disp... | [
"standard oil new jersey",
"exxon company",
"exxon",
"jersey standard",
"exxon",
"exxon research and engineering company",
"esso petroleum",
"standard oil company of new jersey",
"exxon company usa"
] |
who had an 80s no 1 with don't you want me? | [
{
"title": "Don't You Want Me",
"text": "acrobats and the Alcazar ballet. The whole video shoot took almost 23 hours, and actually includes Annikafiore's boyfriend juggling with fire in the background The Alcazar dog Selma was styled in a pink ballerina dress and waited the whole day for the filming of her ... | [] | [
{
"title": "I Wouldn't Want to Live If You Didn't Love Me",
"text": "hit for producer Allen Reynolds. In the years since, Reynolds produced many No. 1 hits for artists like Crystal Gayle, Dickey Lee, Kathy Mattea and The O'Kanes, but during the 1990s became most associated with producing the hits of Garth B... | [
"the human league",
"the league unlimited orchestra",
"the dead daughters",
"the future (band)",
"league unlimited orchestra",
"human league"
] |
which star of hannah and her sisters has a child called free? | [
{
"title": "Hannah and Her Sisters",
"text": "in a 2016 poll of \"Time Out\" contributors, with editor Joshua Rothkopf singling out the character of Holly as \"the kind of desperate, flailing Manhattanite that future director-writers would spin entire careers out of\". Hannah and Her Sisters Hannah and Her ... | [] | [
{
"title": "Hannah and Her Sisters",
"text": "about someone else and his obsession with mortality.\" Allen admits the role of Hannah was based on Farrow being \"a romanticised perception of Mia. She's very stable, she has eight children now, and she's able to run her career and have good relationships with ... | [
"barbara hershey",
"barbara seagull",
"barbara lynn herzstein",
"barbara seagull"
] |
who had 70s hits with have you seen her and oh girl? | [
{
"title": "Have You Seen Her",
"text": "Have You Seen Her \"Have You Seen Her\" is a song recorded by the soul vocal group, The Chi-Lites, and released on Brunswick Records in 1971. Composed by the lead singer Eugene Record and Barbara Acklin, the song was included on the group's 1971 album \"(For God's Sa... | [] | [
{
"title": "Have You Seen Her Face",
"text": "Have You Seen Her Face \"Have You Seen Her Face\" is a song by the American rock band the Byrds, written by the group's bass player Chris Hillman and included on their 1967 album \"Younger Than Yesterday\". \"Have You Seen Her Face\" was written following a reco... | [
"chilites",
"marshall thompson (chi-lites)",
"the chi-lites",
"the chi lites",
"marshall d. thompson",
"chi-lites",
"chi lites",
"chi-lites"
] |
in which decade of the 20th century was father's day first celebrated? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Leaving the 20th Century",
"text": "Leaving the 20th Century Leaving the 20th Century is a recording of the Manic Millennium concert by the Welsh rock band Manic Street Preachers, released in 2000. The concert was announced on October 5th 1998 and which also celebrated the 10th anniversary of th... | [
"1910s",
"1910s (decade)",
"nineteen-tens",
"1910s literature",
"1910–1919",
"1910-1919",
"music in the 1910's",
"nineteen tens",
"1910's"
] |
will rogers airport was built in which us state? | [
{
"title": "Will Rogers World Airport",
"text": "in 1935. The city's other major airport, Wiley Post Airport, along with the Wiley Post–Will Rogers Memorial Airport in Barrow, Alaska, are named for Wiley Post, who also died in the same crash. Will Rogers World Airport is the only airport to use the designat... | [] | [
{
"title": "Wiley Post–Will Rogers Memorial Airport",
"text": "Wiley Post–Will Rogers Memorial Airport Wiley Post–Will Rogers Memorial Airport, often referred to as Post/Rogers Memorial is a public airport located in Utqiagvik, the largest city and borough seat of the North Slope Borough of the U.S. state o... | [
"okla.",
"oklahoma",
"oklahoma, united states",
"sooner state",
"forty-sixth state",
"religion in oklahoma",
"culture of oklahoma",
"46th state",
"oklahoma (u.s. state)",
"oklahoma, usa",
"state of oklahoma",
"list of oklahoma state symbols",
"oaklahoma",
"oklaholma",
"transportation in ... |
in which decade of the 20th century was andy williams born? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Merry Christmas (Andy Williams album)",
"text": "& Jones Ltd.\" From the liner notes for the original album: Merry Christmas (Andy Williams album) Merry Christmas is the second Christmas album by American pop singer Andy Williams that was released by Columbia Records in 1965, and his seventeenth... | [
"20's",
"20-29",
"20s",
"20's"
] |
what book was mark david chapman carrying with him when he killed john lennon on 12/8/80? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Mark David Chapman",
"text": "Mark David Chapman Mark David Chapman (born May 10, 1955) is an American convict who shot and killed John Lennon at the entrance to the Dakota apartment building in New York City on December 8, 1980. Chapman fired five times at Lennon, hitting him four times in the ... | [
"j.d. salinger's catcher in the rye"
] |
what writer worked as a pinkerton detective on cases involving movie comic fatty arbuckle and gambler nick arnstein? | [
{
"title": "Nick and Nora Charles",
"text": "the bantering, romantically involved detective duo has become a well-used trope in literature, stage, screen, and television ever since. The characters first appear in Dashiell Hammett's best-selling last novel \"The Thin Man\" (1934). Nick is an alcoholic former... | [] | [
{
"title": "Pinkerton (detective agency)",
"text": "1960s, even the word \"detective\" disappeared from the agency's letterhead. In 1999, the company was bought by Securitas AB, a Swedish security company, for $384 million, followed by the acquisition of longtime Pinkerton rival, the William J. Burns Detect... | [
"dashiel hammet",
"samuel hammett",
"daschiell hammet",
"dashiell hammett",
"samuel hammett",
"dasheill hammet",
"dashiel hammett",
"dashiell hammet",
"samuel dashiell hammett",
"dashiel hammet",
"hammettian",
"dashiell hammet"
] |
what writer was expelled from west point for showing up for a public parade wearing only a white belt and gloves? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Seat belt",
"text": "belt for crash protection. Also, many automatic seat belt systems are incompatible with child safety seats, or only compatible with special modifications. Starting in 1971 and ending in 1972, the United States conducted a research project on seat belt effectiveness on a tota... | [
"edgar alen poe",
"edgar allan poe",
"ea poe",
"edgar allen poe",
"edgar allen poe",
"the life of edgar allan poe",
"poean",
"poe, edgar allen",
"edgar a. poe",
"edgar allan poe and the stories he has written",
"edgar allan poe's literary influence",
"edger allen poe",
"edgar allan poe",
"... |
what frenchman wrote about two fantastic space odysseys--one to the moon and one to the sun--more than 200 years before jules verne? | [
{
"title": "From the Earth to the Moon",
"text": "stories of Baron Munchausen and Cyrano de Bergerac. In 1889 Verne wrote a second sequel to the novel, \"The Purchase of the North Pole\", which has the Gun Club members (led by J. T. Maston) plan to use the \"Columbiad\" to alter the tilt of the earth to ena... | [] | [
{
"title": "Jules Verne ATV",
"text": "with waste for disposal. In total, of water, of oxygen and of propellant was transferred to the \"Zvezda\" module, and \"Jules Verne\" was also used to reboost the space station on four occasions. About of dry cargo was removed from the ATV and remained aboard the ISS.... | [
"cyrano de bergerac",
"cyrano de bergerac (writer)",
"savinien de cyrano de bergerac",
"cyrano debergerac",
"hercule savinien cyrano de bergerac",
"cyrano de bergerac, savinien de",
"cyrano de bergerac, savinien",
"cyrano de bergerac",
"cyrano de bergerac (person)",
"cyrano de bergerac",
"cyrano... |
"what kind of tree was betty smith referring to in her book ""a tree grows in brooklyn""?" | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (musical)",
"text": "weary from years of broken promises, daughter Francie idolizes her father, and Aunt Cissy is the victim of a string of romantic misadventures with common-law husbands, each of which she insists on calling \"Harry\" after her first lover. A Tree Grows... | [
"an ailanthus, known as the tree of heaven"
] |
"what couple live next door to dagwood and blondie bumstead in ""blondie""?" | [
{
"title": "Blondie (comic strip)",
"text": "over all he surveys, with one notable exception—his formidable and domineering wife, Cora. Blondie and Dagwood's best friends are their next-door neighbors Herb and Tootsie Woodley, although Dagwood and Herb's friendship is frequently volatile. Lou is the burly, ... | [] | [
{
"title": "Dagwood Bumstead",
"text": "another appearance in \"Garfield \"comic strips in August 20, 2005 to invite Jon and Garfield for his and Blondie's anniversary party. In the song \"Homemade Mummy\" alternative rapper Aesop Rock briefly refers to Dagwood. Dagwood Bumstead Dagwood Bumstead is a main c... | [
"herb and tootsie woodley"
] |
who was the lone ranger's great grand-nephew? | [
{
"title": "Lone Ranger",
"text": "became a juvenile sidekick to the Masked Man, is Dan Reid. When Trendle and Striker later created \"The Green Hornet\" in 1936, they made this Dan Reid the father of Britt Reid, alias the Green Hornet, thereby making the Lone Ranger the Green Hornet's great-uncle. Througho... | [] | [
{
"title": "The Lone Ranger (serial)",
"text": "force Joan to marry him, which was an unusual plot element for a sound serial. The Lone Ranger was superior in terms of plot and execution when compared to the average western serial, although it contained many features standard to the genre such as explosions... | [
"green hornet (film)",
"green hornet, the",
"green hornet",
"brit reid",
"green hornet (comics)",
"the green hornet",
"the green hornet",
"britt reid"
] |
"psychologist william moulton marston, inventor of the polygraph, or lie detector, also created a famous comic book heroine,. who was she?""" | [
{
"title": "William Moulton Marston",
"text": "William Moulton Marston William Moulton Marston (May 9, 1893 – May 2, 1947), also known by the pen name Charles Moulton (), was an American psychologist, inventor of an early prototype of the lie detector, self-help author, and comic book writer who created the... | [] | [
{
"title": "William Moulton Marston",
"text": "of the polygraph, when he subsequently embarked on a career in entertainment and comic book writing and appeared as a salesman in ads for Gillette Razors, using a polygraph motif. From his psychological work, Marston became convinced that women were more honest... | [
"wonder-woman",
"wonder women",
"wonder lady",
"wonder woman (undeveloped film)",
"wonder woman (comic book)",
"wonder-woman",
"wonder woman: spirit of truth",
"wonder tot",
"wonder woman (movie)",
"wonderwoman",
"wonder woman",
"princess diana (comics)",
"wonderwoman",
"wonder woman"
] |
"""last night i dreamt i went to manderley again,"" was the first line of what daphne du maurier novel?" | [
{
"title": "Rebecca (novel)",
"text": "something happens.'\" Du Maurier and her husband, \"Tommy Browning, like Rebecca and Maximilian de Winter, were not faithful to one another.\" Subsequent to the novel's publication, \"Jan Ricardo, tragically, died during the Second World War. She threw herself under a ... | [] | [
{
"title": "Daphne du Maurier",
"text": "was 34 when Lawrence died, said the following in her old age and it was quoted in a 2009 newspaper profile of Lawrence: \"It makes me laugh when I keep hearing stories about my mother supposedly being a lesbian. She was the complete reverse. Her appetite for men verg... | [
"rifkah",
"rifko",
"rifka",
"rifkoh",
"ribhqah",
"rivqah",
"rebeccah",
"rebekah",
"rivqa",
"rivko",
"rivka",
"rebbecca",
"rebecca",
"rivkoh"
] |
"what is the actual title of leonardo da vinci's ""mona lisa""?" | [
{
"title": "Museo Ideale Leonardo da Vinci",
"text": "inattendue\" (Clos-Lucé-Amboise, 2007); \"Leonardo a Firenze\" (2008); \"AND THERE WAS LIGHT, Michelangelo, Leonardo, Raphael. The Masters of Renaissance, seen in a New Light\" (Gothenborg, 2010); \"Leonardo a Piombino\" (2011); \"La Gioconda è nuda\" (B... | [] | [
{
"title": "Cultural references to Leonardo da Vinci",
"text": "portrait as Mona Lisa\" in 1954. In 1963 following the painting's visit to the United States, Andy Warhol created serigraph prints of multiple \"Mona Lisa\"s called \"Thirty are Better than One\", like his works of Marilyn Monroe (\"Twenty-five... | [
"la gioconda (disambiguation)",
"la gioconda",
"la gioconda",
"la giaconda"
] |
in henry wadsworth longfellow's famous poem, hiawatha, what was the name of hiawatha's wife? | [
{
"title": "Hiawatha and Minnehaha",
"text": "Hiawatha and Minnehaha Hiawatha and Minnehaha is a sculpture by Jacob Fjelde that has stood in Minnehaha Park in Minneapolis since the early twentieth century. Now a popular fixture of the park, its placement there was originally controversial. In 1855, Henry Wa... | [] | [
{
"title": "The Song of Hiawatha",
"text": "from the poem. The most famous was the 1937 Silly Symphony \"Little Hiawatha,\" whose hero is a small boy whose pants keep falling down. The 1941 Warner Bros. cartoon \"Hiawatha's Rabbit Hunt\" features Bugs Bunny and a pint-sized version of Hiawatha in quest of r... | [
"minnehaha",
"minniehaha"
] |
what famous american writer worked as an entertainer aboard a swedish ocean liner cruising the caribbean before being drafted to serve in world war ii? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Swedish American Line",
"text": "Swedish American Line Swedish American Line (, abbreviated SAL) is a Swedish passenger shipping line. It was founded in December 1914 under the name Rederiaktiebolaget Sverige-Nordamerika, beginning ocean liner service from Gothenburg to New York in 1915. In 1925... | [
"salingerian",
"jd salinger",
"salinger, j. d.",
"j d salinger",
"j. d. salinger",
"j.d. salinger's",
"jerome salinger",
"j. d. sallinger",
"j.d. sallinger",
"jerome david salinger",
"jerome salinger",
"jd salinger",
"margaret salinger",
"j.d. salinger",
"j.d.salinger"
] |
what did famed architect frank lloyd wright reply when an important client called to complain that water on the roof of his newly completed house was leaking onto a dinner guest? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Frank Lloyd Wright",
"text": "Frank Lloyd Wright Frank Lloyd Wright (born Frank Lincoln Wright, June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, interior designer, writer, and educator, who designed more than 1,000 structures, 532 of which were completed. Wright believed in designing str... | [
"tell him to move his chair"
] |
what were the first names of l'il abner yokum's parents in the popular al capp comic strip? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Al Capp",
"text": "commentary, \"Li'l Abner\" is considered a classic of the genre. The comic strip stars Li'l Abner Yokum—the simple-minded, loutish but good-natured and eternally innocent hayseed who lives with his parents—scrawny but superhuman Mammy Yokum, and shiftless, childlike Pappy Yoku... | [
"mammy was pansy; pappy, lucifer"
] |
what were the first names of robert louis stevenson's dr. jekyll and mr. hyde? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde",
"text": "Armitage. A Musical was created by Frank Wildhorn, Steve Cuden, and Leslie Bricusse: \"Jekyll & Hyde: The Gothic Musical Thriller - The Complete Work\" (1994). S. G. Hulme Beaman illustrated a 1930s edition. Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde S... | [
"the good doctor was henry; the evil mr. hyde, edward"
] |
"in what unusual way did writer nathan weinstein follow publisher horace greeley's advice to ""go west, young man""?" | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Go West, young man",
"text": "Indiana Congressman Richard W. Thompson over whether or not Soule could trick readers by forging a Greeley article. Grinnell College historian Joseph Frazier Wall claims that Greeley himself denied providing that advice, and \"[spent] the rest of this life vigorousl... | [
"he changed his last name to west--and became famous as nathanael west, author of miss lonelyhearts and the day of the locust"
] |
what was the name of the she-ape that rescued the infant tarzan and raised him to be lord of the apes? | [
{
"title": "Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes",
"text": "shipwrecked on the African coast. John builds a home in the trees, and Alice gives birth to a son. Alice later grows ill from malaria and dies. While John is grieving her, the tree house is visited by curious great apes, one of whom ki... | [] | [
{
"title": "Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes",
"text": "Philippe expresses his hope that perhaps they may someday be reunited. In a departure from most previous Tarzan films, \"Greystoke\" returned to Burroughs' original novel for many elements of its plot. It also utilized a number of corr... | [
"kāla",
"kala",
"kala (disambiguation)",
"kala, mazandaran",
"kala"
] |
in what best-selling book did an author offer acknowledgement to a friend who later killed him? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "An Offer You Can't Refuse (novel)",
"text": "An Offer You Can't Refuse (novel) An Offer You Can’t Refuse is a novel by British author Jill Mansell. An Offer You Can't Refuse, was in The Sunday Times paperback charts for five weeks in 2008. \"In 2008, sales of Jill's novels in their Headline edit... | [
"the complete scarsdale medical diet, in which dr. herman tarnower thanked his friend jean harris"
] |
what was the title of mac west's 1959 autobiography? | [
{
"title": "Mae West",
"text": "she released an autobiography, \"Goodness Had Nothing to Do With It\", which became a best seller and was reprinted with a new chapter in 1970. West guest-starred on television, including \"The Dean Martin Show\" in 1959 and \"The Red Skelton Show\" in 1960, to promote her au... | [] | [
{
"title": "The Autobiography of Malcolm X",
"text": "his authorial agency when the \"Autobiography\"s \"fractured construction\", caused by Malcolm X's rift with Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam, \"overturned the design\" of the manuscript and created a narrative crisis. In the \"Autobiography\"s ep... | [
"goodness had nothing to do with it"
] |
how many copies did doubleday run off the presses in its first printing of bill cosby's 1987 book time flies? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Bill Cosby in advertising",
"text": "to run in print, on television, as point of sale, and in promotional programs. Coca-Cola purchased Columbia Pictures in 1982. In 1987, Columbia decided revenues from its spy comedy \"Leonard Part 6\" (1987) would offset its losses on \"Ishtar\" (1987). Leadin... | [
"1.5million",
"one point five million",
"1.5 million"
] |
"what words did lewis carroll combine to come up with the term ""chortle"" in through a looking-glass?" | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Through the Looking-Glass",
"text": "the snoring Red King and White Knight. The 2009 Syfy TV miniseries \"Alice\" contains elements from \"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\" and \"Through the Looking-Glass\". Through the Looking-Glass Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There (1871) ... | [
"chuckle and snort"
] |
"what literary animals ""dined on mince, and slices of quince, which they ate with a runcible spoon""? and just what is a runcible spoon?" | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Runcible",
"text": "bowl. \"Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable\" defines a runcible spoon as: \"A horn spoon with a bowl at each end, one the size of a table-spoon and the other the size of a tea-spoon. There is a joint midway between the two bowls by which the bowls can be folded over.\" T... | [
"the owl and the pussy-cat did the dining in the poem of the same name by edward lear. a runcible spoon is a three-pronged fork, that's curved like a spoon and has a cutting edge"
] |
"who wrote, ""oh, east is east, and west is west, and never the twain shall meet""?" | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "East Is East (1999 film)",
"text": "reads: \"Oh East is East, and West is West, and never the twain shall meet\". George Khan is a Pakistani Muslim who has lived in Britain since 1937. He has a wife in Pakistan. He and his second wife Ella, a British Roman Catholic woman of Irish descent, have b... | [
"rudyard kipling, in the ballad of east and west"
] |
who was the subject of the 1968 biography always on sunday? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "It Always Rains on Sunday",
"text": "It Always Rains on Sunday It Always Rains on Sunday is a 1947 British film adaptation of Arthur La Bern's novel by the same name, directed by Robert Hamer. The film has been compared with the poetic realism movement in the French cinema of a few years earlier... | [
"ed v. sullivan",
"ed sullivan",
"edward vincent sullivan",
"ed vincent sullivan",
"edward v. sullivan"
] |
where did mystery writer agatha christie acquire her extensive knowledge of poisons? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Adaptations of Agatha Christie",
"text": "Marple\", introducing Mabel West (daughter of Miss Marple's mystery-writer nephew Raymond West, a canonical Christie character) and her duck Oliver as new characters. Adaptations of Agatha Christie Adaptations of the works of Agatha Christie: Episodes of... | [
"in a hospital dispensary--where she worked during world war i"
] |
"shakespeare wrote that ""brevity is the soul of wit."" what did noted wit dorothy parker say it was?" | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Wit",
"text": "Wit Wit is a form of intelligent humour, the ability to say or write things that are clever and usually funny. A wit is a person skilled at making clever and funny remarks. Forms of wit include the quip, repartee, and wisecrack. As in the wit of Dorothy Parker's set, the Algonquin... | [
"the soul of lingerie"
] |
"""the temperature hit ninety degrees the day she arrived"" was the opening line of one of the best-selling novel ever. what was it?" | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Bret \"Hit Man\" Hart: The Best There Is, the Best There Was, the Best There Ever Will Be",
"text": "expressed that he wished to do another collection of matches at some time. Bret \"Hit Man\" Hart: The Best There Is, the Best There Was, the Best There Ever Will Be Bret \"Hit Man\" Hart: The Bes... | [
"the valley of the dolls by jacqueline susann"
] |
what is the native country of agatha chrisitie's detective hercule poirot? | [
{
"title": "Hercule Poirot",
"text": "Hercule Poirot Hercule Poirot (, ; ) is a fictional Belgian detective, created by Agatha Christie. Poirot is one of Christie's most famous and long-lived characters, appearing in 42 novels, one play (\"Black Coffee\"), and more than 50 short stories published between 19... | [] | [
{
"title": "Agatha Christie's Poirot",
"text": "it was adapted into a novel in 1998, with the permission of the Christie Estate, it was not previously available in novel format. David Suchet did give a live reading of the original play version for the Agatha Christie Theatre Company, and therefore felt that... | [
"belguim",
"koenigreich belgien",
"belgium/belgie",
"kingdom of belgium",
"belgian",
"beljum",
"königreich belgien",
"belgique",
"belgium",
"beligum",
"kingdom of the belgians",
"beljam",
"kingdom of belgium",
"belgum",
"iso 3166-1:be",
"belgie",
"cockpit of europe",
"koninkrijk b... |
what was the hometown of sgt. snorkel in beetle bailey? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Beetle Bailey",
"text": "Features Syndicate, was animated by Paramount Cartoon Studios in the U.S. and Artransa Film Studios in Sydney, Australia, and was first broadcast in Beetle Bailey (1963 TV series) and Beetle Bailey (1989 TV series). The opening credits included the sound of a bugle revei... | [
"pork corners, kansas"
] |
most of us are familiar with the faces of dr. b. h. mckeeby and nan wood, but who are they and where have we seen them? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Where the Heaven Are We",
"text": "Heaven Are We\", Swim Deep went to the United States and performed with The Homophones and Fantastic Imagination. In May, two months prior to the release of \"Where the Heaven Are We\", an EP, \"Sun on My Back\", was released in Japan only. \"Sun on My Back\" i... | [
"the farmer and his wife in grant wood's classic painting, american gothic"
] |
the last of the really great whangdoodles and mandy are children's books written by what well-known oscar-winning actress? | [
{
"title": "The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles",
"text": "The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles is a children's novel written by Julie Edwards, the married name of singer and actress Dame Julie Andrews. More recent editions credit the book to \"Julie Andr... | [] | [
{
"title": "The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles",
"text": "children explore this world. Each time the children return, they venture farther and farther into Whangdoodleland, intending to reach the palace where the Last Whangdoodle resides. However, the Whangdoodle's Prime Minister, the \"Oily Prock\",... | [
"julia elizabeth wells",
"julie elizabeth andrews, dbe",
"julie andrews edwards",
"julie wells",
"julie elizabeth wells",
"julie elizabeth andrews",
"dame julie andrews",
"julie elizabeth andrews dbe",
"julie andrews",
"julie andrews"
] |
by what pseudonym is writer frederick dannay manfred bennington lee better known? | [
{
"title": "Ellery Queen",
"text": "Ellery Queen Ellery Queen is a crime fiction pseudonym created in 1929 by Frederic Dannay and Manfred Bennington Lee, and later used by other authors under Dannay and Lee's supervision. Dannay and Lee's main fictional character, whom they also named Ellery Queen, is a mys... | [] | [
{
"title": "Frederick Manfred",
"text": "and \"Riders of Judgment\". For a time he lived in a house which is now the interpretive center of Blue Mounds State Park in Rock County, Minnesota. He attended Calvin College in Michigan. He had three children with his wife Maryanna Shorba Manfred: Freya Manfred, Fr... | [
"manfred b. lee",
"frederic dannay",
"manfred bennington lee",
"manfred lee",
"barnaby ross",
"pseud. ellery queen",
"lee, manfred bennington",
"dannay, frederic",
"ellery queen"
] |
"what play opens with ""now is the winter of our discontent""?" | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "The Winter of Our Discontent",
"text": "The Winter of Our Discontent The Winter of Our Discontent is John Steinbeck's last novel, published in 1961. The title comes from the first two lines of William Shakespeare's \"Richard III: \"Now is the winter of our discontent / Made glorious summer by th... | [
"shakespeare's the tragedy of king richard iii"
] |
"what is the origin of the expression ""cowabunga!""--the war cry of the teenage mutant ninja turtles? a :it was the greeting exchanged by buffalo bob smith and chief thunderthud on the ""howdy doody""" | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Secret of the Ooze",
"text": "\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II\", \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III\", and 2007's animated release, \"TMNT\". Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Secret of the Ooze Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Secret of the Ooze is ... | [
"it was the greeting exchanged by buffalo bob smith and chief thunderthud on the howdy doody tv show in the 1950s"
] |
how many times did ernest hemingway revise the last page of a farewell to arms? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "A Farewell to Arms",
"text": "has also been the target of various controversy. Upon its flimsy publication—due to the medium of its release—through Scriber's Magazine, it was banned from Boston newsstands due to accusations of a pornographic nature, despite Hemingway's deliberate exclusion of gr... | [
"39 times"
] |
what is the name of the elementary school attended by lucy, linus and charlie brown in charles schulz's peanuts comic strip? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "It's Magic, Charlie Brown",
"text": "and Charlie Brown laugh and happily dance away to conclude a satisfying day, ignoring Lucy's pleads to get her down. Linus eventually pulls Lucy down with his blanket during the closing credits, and Lucy, angry and embarrassed about what happened, gives up an... | [
"oakwood, warrington",
"birchwood",
"gorse covert",
"locking stumps",
"birchwood, cheshire"
] |
how many syllables are there in a japanese haiku poem? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Haiku",
"text": "such as \"kyo\" () may look like two syllables to English speakers but are in fact a single \"on\" (as well as a single syllable) in Japanese. In 1973, the Haiku Society of America noted that the norm for writers of haiku in English was to use 17 syllables, but they also noted a... | [
"17, arranged in 3 lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables"
] |
in the original l. frank baum story the wonderful wizard of oz, what color were dorothy's slippers? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz",
"text": "Oz].\" Kassinger, in her book \"Gold: From Greek Myth to Computer Chips\", purports that \"The Wizard symbolizes bankers who support the gold standard and oppose adding silver to it... Only Dorothy's \"silver\" slippers can take ... | [
"sliver",
"sliver (album)",
"sliver (disambiguation)"
] |
what was art-world guru andy warhol's name at birth? | [
{
"title": "Andy Warhol Art Authentication Board",
"text": "extraordinarily expensive, costing us at least $10 million defending ourselves. Eventually, we decided that we wanted our money to go to artists and not to lawyers'. Andy Warhol Art Authentication Board The Andy Warhol Art Authentication Board, Inc... | [] | [
{
"title": "Ella Guru",
"text": "Ella Guru Ella Guru (born May 24, 1966) is an American painter and musician living in Hastings, United Kingdom. She was a member of Mambo Taxi and the Voodoo Queens. In 1999, she became one of the founding members of the Stuckist art movement. Guru (birth name Ella Drauglis)... | [
"andy warhaul",
"warhol",
"warholian pop",
"andy warhola",
"andrew warhola",
"andy warhol foundation for the visual arts",
"warholite",
"andy warhol",
"drella",
"andrew warhol",
"andy wahrol",
"andy worhol",
"andrew warhola",
"andy warhol foundation",
"warholesque",
"warholian",
"war... |
what phrase did french impressionist artist paul cezanne teach his pet parrot to say over and over again? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Over and Over Again",
"text": "Over and Over Again \"Over and Over Again\" is a song by English singer Nathan Sykes. The song was written by Sykes, alongside Harmony Samuels, Carmen Reece and Major Johnson Finley, and was released in the United Kingdom on 18 October 2015 as the second single fro... | [
"cezanne is a great painter!"
] |
what was the maiden name of blondie bumstead, the comic-strip wife of hapless dagwood bumstead? | [
{
"title": "Dagwood Bumstead",
"text": "another appearance in \"Garfield \"comic strips in August 20, 2005 to invite Jon and Garfield for his and Blondie's anniversary party. In the song \"Homemade Mummy\" alternative rapper Aesop Rock briefly refers to Dagwood. Dagwood Bumstead Dagwood Bumstead is a main c... | [] | [
{
"title": "Dagwood Bumstead",
"text": "national contest. The family circle is rounded out by Daisy the dog. The origin of both Dagwood's last name and Daisy's name came from Chic Young's long-time friend Arthur Bumstead and his dog, Daisy. His favorite things in life include his wife Blondie, his kids, nap... | [
"boopadoop"
] |
whose autobiography is entitled the wheel of fortune? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Wheel of Fortune (1951 song)",
"text": "Wheel of Fortune (1951 song) \"Wheel of Fortune\" is a popular song written by Bennie Benjamin and George David Weiss and published in 1951. It is best remembered in the 1952 hit version by Kay Starr. The song was originally recorded in 1951, for RCA by Jo... | [
"the answer is not vanna white, who was only eight years old when the book was published in 1965. its author was french singer edith piaf"
] |
what famous comic strip character was inspired by the 1936 henry fonda film trail of the lonesome pine? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film)",
"text": "The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film) The Trail of the Lonesome Pine is a 1936 American romance film based on the novel of the same name. Directed by Henry Hathaway, it stars Fred MacMurray, Sylvia Sidney, and Henry Fonda. It was the sec... | [
"al capp's li'l abner"
] |
what was the original name of the orphan created in 1924 by cartoonist harold gray in the comic strip we know as little orphan annie? | [
{
"title": "Harold Gray",
"text": "\"Chicago Tribune\" and stayed until 1919 when he left to freelance in commercial art. In 1923, while residing in Lombard, Illinois, he became a Freemason. From 1921 to 1924, he did the lettering for Sidney Smith's \"The Gumps\". After he came up with a strip idea in 1924 ... | [] | [
{
"title": "Little Orphan Annie",
"text": "from the Chicago Tribune-New York Times Syndicate, Inc. for the dates 1943, 1959–61 and 1965–68, as well as originals and photocopies of the printed versions of \"Little Orphan Annie\", both daily and Sunday strips. Considering both Cupples & Leon and Pacific Comic... | [
"otto",
"oddo"
] |
what pulitzer prize-winning novelist worked as a hod carrier, wheeling 100-pound barrows of concrete along scaffolding, during construction of new york's madison square garden in the 1920s? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Madison Square Garden Company",
"text": "Dolan is said to be trying to avoid being deposed in the case. In December 2018, the Los Angeles Clippers countersued the Madison Square Garden Company alleging that they are trying to prevent competition from a new arena by trying to stop its constructio... | [
"john steinbeck iii",
"steinbeck",
"stienbeck, john",
"john steinback",
"john steinbeck fellowship",
"john stienbeck",
"john ernst steinbeck",
"steinbeck, john",
"steinbeck country",
"john steinbeck",
"steinbeckian",
"steinbeck country",
"john ernst steinbeck iii",
"j. steinbeck",
"john ... |
in what play does the title character have a son named swiss cheese? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Swiss cheese",
"text": "debris such as hay dust in the milk played a role in reduced hole size in Swiss cheeses, or even \"blind cheese\". Historically, the holes were seen as a sign of imperfection and cheese makers originally tried to avoid them by pressing during production. In modern times, ... | [
"mother courage and her children by bertolt brecht"
] |
how many grandchildren did artist grandma moses have? | [
{
"title": "Grandma Gatewood",
"text": "Grandma Gatewood Emma Rowena Gatewood, better known as Grandma Gatewood (October 25, 1887–June 4, 1973), was an extreme hiker and ultra-light hiking pioneer who was the first woman to hike the Appalachian Trail from Mount Oglethorpe in Georgia to Mount Katahdin in Mai... | [] | [
{
"title": "Grandma Moses",
"text": "Grandma Moses Anna Mary Robertson Moses (September 7, 1860 – December 13, 1961), known by her nickname Grandma Moses, was an American folk artist. She began painting in earnest at the age of 78 and is often cited as an example of an individual who successfully began a ca... | [
"11",
"eleven"
] |
in the early james bond books, agent 007 packed a walther ppk. what weapon replaced it in his later appearances? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "James Bond 007: Agent Under Fire",
"text": "James Bond 007: Agent Under Fire James Bond 007: Agent Under Fire is a first-person shooter video game based on the James Bond franchise. Developed and published by Electronic Arts, it was released for PlayStation 2, GameCube and Xbox game consoles. It... | [
"a german-made, 9-millimeter, heckler and koch semi-automatic pistol"
] |
"who said ""nothing is so much to be feared as fear?" | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Fear Nothing",
"text": "Fear Nothing Fear Nothing is a novel released in 1997 by the best-selling author Dean Koontz. The book is the first installment in what is reported to be a three-part series of books, known as the Moonlight Bay Trilogy, featuring Christopher Snow, who suffers from the rar... | [
"henry david thoreau, in his 14-volume journal, published posthumously in 1906"
] |
what was the name of elizabeth barrett browning's pet golden cocker spaniel ? | [
{
"title": "Elizabeth Barrett Browning",
"text": "of Edward's trip to Torquay. She wrote to Mitford, \"That was a very near escape from madness, absolute hopeless madness\". The family returned to Wimpole Street in 1841. At Wimpole Street Barrett Browning spent most of her time in her upstairs room. Her hea... | [] | [
{
"title": "Cocker Spaniel",
"text": "Symptoms can include discoloring of the pupil, and treatment may include surgery to remove the cataract. Cocker Spaniels have a sweet disposition and tend to be intelligent, making them a good pet for families in particular. This breed of dog is easy to train but due to... | [
"flush (disambiguation)",
"flush (song)",
"flush"
] |
what famous novel provided the basic story line for francis ford coppola's 1979 vietnam war film epic, apocalypse now? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Apocalypse Now Redux",
"text": "Carmine and Francis Ford Coppola (with some tracks co-composed by Mickey Hart and Richard Hansen). The first track is an abridged version of The Doors' eleven-minute epic \"The End\". All songs written by Carmine Coppola and Francis Ford Coppola, except where note... | [
"the heart of darkness by joseph conrad, published in 1902 and set in africa"
] |
"what famous british poet and playwright had an m--for ""murderer""--branded on his left thumb?" | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "James Miller (playwright)",
"text": "man who had offended Miller. Several of his poems were published in \"Gentleman's Magazine\". Miller also contributed some religious writings, publishing a volume of his sermons. His sermons display an air of distinguished piety, and a zeal for the interest o... | [
"ben jonson, for killing an actor in a duel in 1598. jonson escaped the gallows by pleading benefit of clergy and forfeiting all his goods and chattels"
] |
what famous character in literature was inspired by an augustinian monk named alonso quizado. | [
{
"title": "Alonso Quijano",
"text": "Alonso Quijano Alonso Quijano (spelled \"Quixano\" in English and Early Modern Spanish) is the personal name of the famous fictional hidalgo or knight better known as Don Quijote, the leading character of the novel \"Don Quijote de la Mancha\", written by Miguel de Cerv... | [] | [
{
"title": "Monk (character class)",
"text": "convenient to start in this class and pick up a weapon skill later rather than disarming oneself with an armed fighter in order to build the skill from scratch. Monk (character class) The monk is a character class in a number of role-playing tabletop and video g... | [
"alonso quijano",
"don chisciotte",
"don kihot",
"don quichotte de cervantes",
"benengeli",
"don qvixote de la mancha",
"el ingenioso hidalgo don quixote de la mancha",
"el quijote",
"the ingenious hidalgo don quixote of la mancha",
"el ingenioso hidalgo don quixote de la mancha",
"don quijote",... |
the title of what poetic drama by robert browning was used to name a kentucky town? | [
{
"title": "Pippa Passes",
"text": "in His heaven—All's right with the world!\" The town of Pippa Passes, Kentucky, is formally named after the poem thanks to a grant from the Browning Society. In the Israeli playwright Nissim Aloni play \"Napoleon – dead or alive!\" (1970) there is a character named Pippa,... | [] | [
{
"title": "Robert Browning",
"text": "Anthony Burgess wrote: \"We all want to like Browning, but we find it very hard.\" Gerard Manley Hopkins and George Santayana were also critical. The latter expressed his views in the essay \"The Poetry of Barbarism,\" which attacks Browning and Walt Whitman for what h... | [
"pipa passes",
"song from pippa passes",
"pippa passes"
] |
what were the names of the brothers karamozov in the novel by feodor dostoevsky? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "The Brothers Karamazov",
"text": "Kyodai\" (2013, created by Misato Sato) is a modern retelling of the book. Footnotes Bibliography The Brothers Karamazov The Brothers Karamazov (, \"Brat'ya Karamazovy\", ), also translated as The Karamazov Brothers, is the final novel by the Russian author Fyod... | [
"dmitri, ivan, alexei and smerdyakov"
] |
what exotic city was featured in national geographic magazine's first photo story in 1905? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "National Geographic",
"text": "tablet edition for its multimedia presentation of Robert Draper's story \"The Last Chase,\" about the final days of a tornado researcher who was killed in the line of duty. In February 2017, National Geographic received the National Magazine Award (\"Ellie\") for b... | [
"lhasa",
"lhasa, tibet",
"拉萨",
"administrative divisions of lhasa",
"lahasa",
"lhosa",
"拉萨市",
"拉薩",
"capital of tibet",
"lasa, xizang",
"lhasa, xizang",
"拉薩市",
"chengguan district, lhasa",
"lhassa",
"dharkay restaurant",
"lāsà"
] |
what was mystery writer dashiell hammett's first name? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Dashiell Hammett",
"text": "Dashiell Hammett Samuel Dashiell Hammett (; May 27, 1894 – January 10, 1961) was an American author of hard-boiled detective novels and short stories. He was also a screenwriter and political activist. Among the enduring characters he created are Sam Spade (\"The Malt... | [
"samuel, or sam"
] |
how many exclamation points did author tom wolfe use in his blockbuster bestseller the bonfire of the vanities? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)",
"text": "is applauding Peter Fallow's premiere of his book. Fallow says that Sherman McCoy has moved away from New York City to an unknown destination, presumably to live in obscurity. The novel of \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" was a bestseller. Warner Bros... | [
"two thousand, three hundred and forty-three",
"2343",
"2,343"
] |
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