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/content/sample_data/Use-case-AN.pdf
I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T Technical Specification TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (28 October 2021 ) ITU-T Focus Group on Autonomous Networks Technical Specification Use cases for Autonomous Networks
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) i Summary This is a deliverable of the ITU -T Focus Group on Autonomous Networks (FG -AN). This document analyses use cases for autonomous networks. It provides use case descriptions and indicates the basic set of possible requirements for each use case. The use case...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) ii Cleverson Veloso NAHUM Federal University of Pará Brazil Email: cleversonahum@gmail.com Dan Xu China Telecom China Tel: +86 10 5090 2570 Email: xudan6@chinatelecom.cn Gerhard Wieser FRINX Slovakia Email: gwieser@frinx.io Gokhan Kalem T...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) iii N. V. Narendra Kumar Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT) India Email: NVNarendra@idrbt.ac.in Nik Sultana Illinois Institute of Technology United States Email: nsultana1@iit.edu Ozgur Ercetin Professor, Electronic...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) iv Vishnu Ram O.V. Independent Expert India Email: vishnu.n@ieee.org Wei Gao China Unicom China Email: gaow25@chinaunicom.cn Yongsheng Liu China Unicom China Email: liuys170@chinaunicom.cn
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) v CONTENTS Page 1 SCOPE ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 1 2 REFERENCES ................................ ........................
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7.16 COMPOSE -ABLE , HIERARCHICAL CLOSED LOOPS ................................ ................................ ............................ 30 7.17 QUALITY OF EXPERIENCE (QOE) PREDICTION AS -A-SERVICE (QP AAS) ................................ ......................... 30 7.18 AUTONOMY APPLIED TO CDN S .............
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7.40 AWARENESS IN AN ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 82 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 1 Technical Specification Use cases for Autonomous Networks 1 Scope This Technical Specification analyses use cases for autonomous networks. It provides use case descriptions and indicates the basic set of possible requirements for each use case. The use cases a...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 2 3.2.4 industry vertical a pplications : Software realization of a workflow created by application services [ITU -T X.1121], to serve their customers’ specific needs. NOTE – e.g., a set of cloud native services which implement loan management in banking industry vert...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 3 QoS Quality of Service QPaaS Quality of Experience (QoE) Prediction as -a-Service RAN Radio Access Network RIC RAN intelligent Controller RSRP Reference Signal Received Power SINR signal -to-interference -plus-noise ratio SLA Service Level Agreement T...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 4 • derivation of architecture concepts and proof of concepts from the use cases is important. 7 Use cases 7.1 Import and export of knowledge for autonomous network Use case id FG-AN-usecase -001 Use case name Use of knowledge in autonomous network Base contrib...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 5 ● AN-UC01-REQ -005: It is critical th at AN use knowledge base for mapping high level use case description to controller description. NOTE – Controller description may use languages such as TOSCA, whereas use case descriptions may be unstructured. The high -level us...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 6 NOTE 2 – actor interaction captured in this figure may not reflect the strict time sequence of activities . 7.2 Configuring and driving simulators from autonomous components in the network Use case id FG-AN-usecase -002 Use case name Configuring and driving simul...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 7 ● AN-UC02-REQ -001: It is critical that AN components arrive at potential scenarios for exploration and experimentation. NOTE – AN components may independently arrive at different scenar ios for exploration and experimentation based on several factors like the funct...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 8 Figure 4: Component cloud for Configuring and driving simulators from autonomous components in the network 7.3 Peer -in-loop (including humans) Use case id FG-AN-usecase -003 Use case name Peer-in-loop (including humans) Base contribution [FGAN -I-12-R1] C...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 9 exchanged may include capabilities and status of components i n the AN e.g., knowledge base, orchestration, simulators, etc. NOTE 2 – Format of information exchange is for future study. 7.3.2 Use case specific figures Figure 5: actor interaction for Peer -in-lo...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 10 automation loops provide valuable inputs for autonomous components to be considered for say further experimenta tion. In this respect, autonomous network components need to interface with, configure and drive the different automation loops. Following are re...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 11 7.4.2 Use case specifi c figures Figure 7: actor interaction for Configuring and driving automation loops from autonomous components in the network Figure 8: Component cloud for Configuring and driving automation loops from autonomous components in the networ...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 12 Based on presentations on [FGAN -I-135]. Use case description Section 6.5.3.2 of [ETSI ZSM ARCH] describes the domain analytics services which provide domain -specific in sights and generate domain -specific predictions based on data collected by domain data colle...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 13 7.6 Automation and intelligent operation, maintenance and management (OAM ) of radio network Use case id FG-AN-usecase -006 Use case name Automation and intelligent OAM(operation, maintenance and management) of radio network Base contribution [FGAN -I-008] ...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 14 NOTE – Wireless network autonomous management may include real -time monitoring of data quality, quasi -real-time diagnosis of abnormal cells, root cause analysis, recommended solutions, and evaluation of processing effects. ● AN-UC06-REQ -002: It is critical that...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 15 ● AN-UC07-REQ -001: It is critical that autonomous networks (AN) support data acquisition, representation, analysis of collected data and adaptation of configurations in underlays such as data centers. NOTE – Data acquisition and data representations may use indus...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 16 7.8.1 Use case requirements Critical requirements ● AN-UC08-REQ -001: It is critical that autonomous networks (AN) support identification of parameters which can be optimized, including ML parameters, based on the use case. NOTE – Example of use case is paramet...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 17 NOTE - e.g. such inputs may be provided from nRT -RICs or other xNFs in the network. 3. OSS might use AI/ML models to detect emergency and deploy an ER slice to the location. It might also create high level strategy/policy to reallocate resources among the slice...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 18 2. mixing the concept of "declarative" poli cies with "top -level" intent with the concept of (propagation/escalation) needs study. 3. recursive decomposition coupled with recursive policy mapping 4. The components (“nodes”) of the high -level service are decompo...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 19 7.9.2 Use case specific figures Figure 10: actor interaction for Network resource allocation for emergency management based on closed loop analysis NOTE 1 – Create a high -level abstract model for closed loops, and then create declarative policies for that high...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 20 7.10 Inter -domain service automation (IDSA) - for microfinance Use case id FG-AN-usecase -010 Use case name Inter -domain se rvice automation (IDSA) - for microfinance Base contribution AN-I-060 Creation date 29/March/2021 Use case context Discussions reg...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 21 Notes on use case category Cat 2: describes a scenario related to application of autonomous behaviour in the network. Notes on priority of the use case High - Enables vertical driven applications and network evolution. Reference 7.10.1 Use case require...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 22 Expected requirements ● AN-UC10-REQ -006: It is expected that, AN provide automated triggers to service lifecycle management pipeline for management (creation, deletion and update) of application and network services. NOTE 1 – devops [ b-ISO/IEC TS 23167] , [b-I...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 23 7.10.2 Use case specific figures Figure 12: actor interaction for Inter -domain service automation (IDSA) - for microfinance 7.11 Autonomous vertical -driven edge service and middle -mile connectivity for rural financial inclusion (FI) Use case id FG...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 24 Use case description Digital Financial Inclusion in many geographies are limited because of lack of network availability and low reliability of connection. Frequently bank branches have to fall back on costly and complex connectivity through satellites. Other than ...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 25 provisioning, configuration, integration, main tenance and optimization, in a seamless, real -time and easy-to-use manner. NOTE – Especially in rural settings the technology of choice may vary considerably depending on various factors like availability of technolo...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 26 Figure 11: Actors in Autonomous vertical -driven edge service 7.12 Signalling flows for autonomous IMT -2020 network Use case id FG-AN-usecase -012 Use case name Signalling flows for autonomous IMT -2020 network Base contribution AN-I-064 Creation date 2...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 27 The procedure in Figure 2 is used by NF service consumers (e.g. SMF) to request analytics information from DAF by invoking DafAnalysis_Request service. Figure 2 Signalling flow for Analytics Subscribe/Unsubscribe from DAF 1. SMF subscribes to or unsubscribe fro...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 28 In this context, we introduce the use case “Plug/play of network instance” in open architecture. NOTE - The network instance can be network resource, network function, network slice and net work services [ b-ETSI GS ZSM 001]. Following are related steps in th...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 29 7. Similar to Generative adversarial Networks, hybrid closed loops are evaluated and tested using 2 -part network – one simulated and another real network functions. 8. The results are analysed and ranked. Open issues 4. does the open interfaces extend to simula...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 30 7.15.1 Use case requirements Critical requirements ● AN-UC015-REQ -001: It is critical that autonomous networks (AN) enable correlation and identification of relevant logs, their access using open interfaces, analysis and resulting optimization of network underl...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 31 Use case name Quality of Experience (QoE) Prediction as -a-Service (QPaaS) Base contribution FGAN -I-110 Creation date 16 June 2021 Use case context "Review of academic papers on QoE Predictions." FGAN -I-110 Use case description Intelligent and autonomous t...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 32 • QPaaS server collects/processes relevant network service KPIs and forms a mapping between network KPI and application KPI (or MoS) using (supervised) machine learning. o The NS provider may use this mapping for future objective testing of netw ork performance gi...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 33 NOTE 1 – For example the parameters collected, the mechanisms for collecting and the sample set for collection may be learnt and updated. Also the mapping between the application QoE metric and the information collected from users and derived from network services m...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 34 are attractive but with several challenges. However caching based on data analysis remains unsolved while CDN providers struggle to provide rich content at high QoE. [AN-I-019] called out specific aspects that need programmability - routing, caching and eviction....
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 35 2. based on analysis, derive the cache policy, action: auto scaling/traffic routing, geographic location (e.g. edge), decide storage configurations, APIs and concurrency mechanisms. 3. experiment to determine a good combo of KPIs, data measurement, polici es, acti...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 36 An analysis of RAN services and applications (e.g. data, messages, interfaces, logs, etc from xApps and rApps) can provide valuable i nformation regarding software evolution and technology evolution and deployment evolution. Following are related steps in this us...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 37 NOTE – Further examples of new types of network functions are new types of E2 nodes (or new capability - needs in E2 nodes). 7.19.2 Use case specific figures None. 7.20 Evolving edge applications for verticals using private 5G Use case id FG-AN-usecase -20 ...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 38 Notes on use case category Cat 1: describes a scenario related to core autonomous behaviour itself. Notes on priority of the use case High - has the potential to impact future service deployment at the edge - standards gaps are visible. - potential collabo...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 39 7.20.2 Use case specific figures Figure 13: actor interaction for Evolving Edge applications for verticals using Private 5G 7.21 Experimentation and “fire-drills” for public safety networks Use case id FG-AN-usecase -21 Use case name Experimentation and “f...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 40 Open issues (as seen by the proponent) - need mechanisms for representing the current state of readiness of the network to handle emergencies. - need mechanisms for modelling and automation and validation of such controlled experiments in the context of public ...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 41 need a way to dynamically capture their specificities + the domai ns which their corresponding specificities. 3. Agile dev and deployments in future networks may need dynamic discovery of trade -offs per service. Considering the service life cycle as day -0 (design...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 42 7.23 Autonomous agents (with varied competence) in networks Use case id FG-AN-usecase -23 Use case name Autonomous agents (with varied competence) in networks Base contribution FGAN -I-052_att Creation date 04/Mar/2021 Use case context Discussions regardi...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 43 - e.g. scenario: ops agents collect debug data. analysis agents with matching capabilities are deployed at the nRT RIC and triggered to analyse the data. 2. fault isolation (e.g. in CU, DU, user plane, control plane) - e.g. scenario: collaborative analysis is used...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 44 7.24 Automated, adaptive acceleration for AI @ edge Use case id FG-AN-usecase -24 Use case name Automated, adaptive acceleration for AI @ edge Base contribution FGAN -I-046 Creation date 04/Mar/2021 Use case context Discussions regarding FGAN -I-046 Use c...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 45 1. Given an AI/ML model layered architecture, the following considerations needs to be applied – (a) concurrency in processing of layers, (b) fragmentation/buffering between layers vs. offloading of layers into compute (c) precision vs. performance and energy effici...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 46 Use case description This contribution attempts to describe a use case where: For both disabled and the able-bodied, as the accessibility requirements evolve, adaptations need to be applied on the network, device and user profiles need to align with the changing...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 47 Notes on use case category Cat 2: describes a scenario related to application of autonomous behaviour in the network. Notes on priority of the use case High - has the potential to evolve assistive future network architectures and further enable new use cases...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 48 NOTE - Example in FG -AN-usecase -20, NAO is mentioned. MANO/NFVO is used in the NFV domain, service orchestrator may be used similar to ONAP in the communication domain. - Closed loops are assumed in each domain, managed by the corresponding orchestrators. - (...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 49 3. Corresponding resources are allocated by NFV MANO 4. NSaaS may be instantiated using ONAP/SO. 5. use case specific closed loops are instantiated in each domain e.g. power optimization, interference management, resource utilization, self -x. 6. Ev as a Service ...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 50 b) limited adaptation – improves utility over time c) full -fledged evolution, involving development and injection of new functions. The capability of underlying closed loop frameworks may be factor in deciding the level of evolution and adaptation possible in the...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 51 Following are examples of scenarios in this use case: Scenario -1: preparation of DT: import network configurations (may include closed loops?) into digital twin. This sets the stage for preparation of simulations in the DT. Scenario -2: trigger of DT for si...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 52 7.27.1 Use case requirements Critical requirements ● AN-UC027-REQ -001: It is critical that AN enable import of simulation environment into DT, trigger simulations in DT and validate the results, especially the use case specific closed loops. ● AN-UC027-REQ -...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 53 Example -1 for the use case: Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication with large antenna arrays is a promising technique to enable extremely high data rates. Because of their highly directional transmissions, radios operating at millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies ...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 54 3. Based on the evaluation of the AI/ML models in the sandbox, they are injected into the network functions (NFs). 4. Control and data flows are modified according to the evolved netwo rk. Relation with autonomous behaviour - Open issues (as seen by the proponen...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 55 1) AI algorith ms include Bar code / QR code recognition, OCR, device port recognition. 2) AR capabilities include image recognition and tracking, 3D object recognition and tracking, visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). 2. The data management func...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 56 5. Perio dic or asynchronous reports are produced for human consumption regarding the operation of intelligent maintenance assistant system. 6. A software development kit (SDK) may be exposed to 3rd party developers who may develop new applications to analyse ...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 57 7.29.2 Use case specific figure s 7.30 Demand forecasting and live service migration methods in edge computing systems Use case id FG-AN-usecase -030 Use case name Demand forecasting and live service migration methods in edge computing systems Base contribu...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 58 interfaces with the REx platform via “REx client”@service provider for service deployment at the edge. In addition, the following extensions are proposed: - REx platform will host “composition” service for controllers (closed loops). - Edge networks will expos...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 59 NOTE – Thus, Registration of MEC on the platform will include controller capabilities. Pub MEC status information to the platform will include controller status. Service provider subscribed to this platform receives information about available MECs along with the co...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 60 of new con trollers etc. Metadata also allows to specify guidelines for integrating controllers with service -x and underlays. Not only does the baseline intents allow stakeholders to reuse, extend and interoperate controller implementations, but it also allows the...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 61 7.31.2 Use case specific figures Figure 18: actor interaction for open repository of intents 7.32 AI enabled game theory -based mechanism for resource allocation Use case id FG-AN-usecase -032 Use case name AI enabled Game theory based mechanism for resou...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 62 Story -1 for the use ca se: In an enterprise deployment of small cell, say in a factory floor, low latency is required for certain UEs, e.g. robotic arms or self -guided vehicles such as in Industry 4.0 use cases. Macro cell coverage is limited in such indoor fact...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 63 The steps in the use case (related to autonomy) are: 1. Controllers are formed based on, e.g. Intents and/or Evolution (Ev) to optimize resource allocation with various considerations including latency, throughput or privacy preserving analytics. 2. Modelling o...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 64 7.32.1 Use case requirements Critical requirements ● AN-UC032-REQ -001: It is critical that autonomous networks (AN) enable characterisation of controllers using metadata, which may be updated dynamically based on monitoring of the controllers. NOTE – The met...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 65 7.32.2 Use case specific figure Figure 20: component cloud for AI enabled Game theory based resource allocation Figure 19: AI enabled Game theory based resource allocation
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 66 Figure 21: AI enabled Game theory based resource allocation 7.33 Service automation using workflows Use case id FG-AN-usecase -033 Use case name Service automation using workflows Base contribution FGAN -I-135 Creation date 27 July 2021 Use case contex...
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Error! Reference source not found. (2021 -10) 67 NOT E- the composing step (from the GUI) may produce output in a generic form (e.g. TOSCA or YANG) and translating this representation of workflows into deployable instances can be using a generic and can take different types of inputs and produce different ty pes...
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