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The decision of the Board fixing rates of wages was to be communicated as soon as practicable to the Central Government and this decision was under section 10 to be published by the Central Government in such manner as it thought fit within a period of one month from the date of its receipt by the Central Government an... |
Section 11 prescribed the powers and procedure of the Board and stated that subject to any rules of procedure which might be prescribed the Board may, for the purpose of fixing rates of wages, exercise the same powers and follow the same procedure as an Industrial Tribunal constituted under the , exercised or followed ... |
The decision of the Board under section 12 was declared to be binding on all employers in relation to newspaper establishments and every working journalist was entitled to be paid wages at a rate which was to be in no case less than the rate of wages fixed by the Board. Ratio |
Sections 14 and 15 applied the provisions of the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) , as it was in force for the time being and also the provisions of the Employees ' Provident Funds Act, 1952, as it was in force for the time being, to every newspaper establishment in which twenty or more persons were employed. ST... |
Section 17 provided for the recovery of money due from an employer and enacted that where any money was due to a newspaper employee from an employer under any of the provisions of the Act, whether by way of compensation, gratuity or wages, the newspaper employee might, without prejudice to any other mode of recovery, m... |
Section 20 empowered the Central Government by. STA |
notification in the Official Gazette to make rules to carry out the purposes of the Act and in particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules were to provide inter alia for the procedure to be followed by the Board in fixing rates of wages. STA |
All rules made under this section, as soon as practicable after they were made were to be laid before both Houses of Parliament. Ratio |
The Working Journalists (Industrial Disputes) Act, 1955, was repealed by section 21 of the Act. STA |
In pursuance of the power given under section 20 of the Act the Central Government published by a notification in the Gazette of India Part II Section 3, dated July 30,1956, The Working Journalists Wage Board Rules, 1956 Rule 8 provided that every question considered at a meeting of the Board was to be decided by a maj... |
In the event of equality of votes the Chairman was to have a casting vote. Ratio |
Rule 13 provided for the resignation of the Chairman or any member from his office or membership, as the case may be. STA |
The seat held by them was to be deemed to have fallen vacant with effect from the date the 53 resignation of the Chairman or the member was accepted by the Central Government. Ratio |
When a vacancy thus arose in the office of the Chairman or in the membership of the Board, the Central Government was to take immediate steps to fill the vacancy in accordance with the Act and the proceedings might ' be continued before the Board so reconstituted from the stage at which the vacancy was so filled. Ratio |
By a notification dated May 2, 1956, the Central Government constituted a Wage Board under section 8 of the Act for fixing rates of wages in respect of working journalists in accordance with the provisions of the Act, consisting of equal representatives of employers in relation to newspaper establishments and working j... |
The three members of the Board who were nominated to represent employers in relation to newspaper establishments were (1) Shri G. Narasimhan, Manager, The Hindu, Madras and President, Indian and Eastern Newspaper Society; (2) Shri A. R. Bhat, M.L.C., who had been a member of the Press Commission and was the President o... |
The other three members of the Board who were nominated to represent working journalists were: (1) Shri G. Venkataraman, M. P., (2) Shri C. Raghavan, Secretary General, Indian Federation of Working Journalists, and (3) Shri G. N. Acharya, Assistant Editor, Bombay Chronicle. Ratio |
Shri H. V. Divatia, the Chairman of the Board, had wide and considerable experience as Chairman of the Textile Labour Enquiry Committee, Bombay, had been the President of the First Industrial Court to be set up in India in 1938, and had worked as an Industrial Tribunal dealing with several disputes as between several b... |
54 The first meeting of the Board was held on May 26, 1956, in the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan at Bombay. Ratio |
Sri Kesava Menon and Shri G. Narasimhan were not present at this meeting. Ratio |
It was a preliminary meeting at which the Board set up a sub committee consisting Of Shri A. R. Bhat and Shri G. N. Acharya to draft a questionnaire for issue to the various journals and organisations concerned, with a view to eliciting factual data and other relevant information required for the fixation of wages for ... |
The sub committee was requested to hear in mind, while framing the questionnaire the need for: (1) obtaining detailed accounts of newspaper establishments; (2) proper evaluation of the nature of and the work of various categories of working journalists; and (3) proper classification of the country into different areas ... |
The questionnaire drafted by the sub committee was to be finalised by the chairman and circulated to all concerned by the end of June, 1956. Ratio |
The questionnaire was accordingly drawn up and was sent to Universities and Governments, etc., and several other organisations and individuals interested in the inquiry of the Board, and to all newspapers individually. Ratio |
It was divided into three parts. Ratio |
Part " A" was intended to be answered by newspapers, news agencies, organisations of employers and of workinly Journalists and any individuals who might wish to do so. Ratio |
Part " B " was meant to be answered by all newspapers and Part " C " by all news agencies. Ratio |
At the outset the Board pointed out that except where the question itself indicated a different period or point of time, the reporting period for purposes of parts " B " and " C " of the questionnaire was the financial years (April I to March 31)1952 53, 1953 54, and 1954 55, or in any establishments which followed a d... |
It further pointed out that tinder section 11 of the Act the Board had the powers of an Industrial Tribunal constituted under the . Ratio |
In Part "A" of the questionnaire under the heading " Cost of Living cost of living 55 index for the respective centres were called for and a special question was addressed whether the basic minimum wage, dearness allowance and metropolitan allowance in the table attached to paragraph 546 of the Press Commission was acc... |
and why. Ratio |
Comparable employment suggested included (a) Higher secondary school teachers; (b) College and university teachers; (c) Journalists employed as publicity and public relations officers in the information departments of the Central and State Governments; (d) Journalistic employees of the news service division of All Indi... |
Under the heading " Special Circumstances", the only question addressed was question No. 7: " Are there in your region any special conditions in respect of the newspaper industry which affect the fixing of rates of wages of working journalists ? If so, specify the conditions and indicate how they affect the question of... |
" As regards the principles of wage fixation the party questioned was to categorise the different newspaper establishments and in doing so consider the following factors, among others: (a) Invested capital; (b) Gross revenue; (c) Advertisement revenue; (d) Circulation; (e) Periodicity of publication; (f) The existence ... |
In part B " which was to be answered by newspapers were included under the heading Accounts : (1)Balance sheets and (2) Trading and profit and loss accounts of the newspapers as in the specimen forms attached thereto for the reporting period. Ratio |
Questions were also addressed in regard to the revenue of the newspapers inter alia from the press, a process studio, outside work, foundry, etc., and subscriptions as also the expenditure incurred on postage, distribution/sale, commission and rebate to advertisers, etc., and other items. Ratio |
56 All information which was considered necessary by the Wage Board for the purposes of fixation of the rates of wages was thus sought to be elicited by the questionnaire. Ratio |
It appears that Shri K. P. Kesava Mellon sent in his resignation on or about June 21, 1956, and by a notification dated July 14, 1956, the Central Government accepted the said resignation and appointed in his place Shri K. M. Cherian, member of the executive committee of the Indian and Eastern Newspapers Association, o... |
Out of 5,465 newspapers, journals, etc., to whom the questionnaire was sent only 381 answered the same; and out of 502 dailies only 138 answered it. Ratio |
The Board had an analysis made of those who had replied to the questionnaire and also of their replies thereto in regard to each of the questions contained in the questionnaire. Ratio |
Further meetings of the Board were held oil August 17, and August 26, 1956, in Bombay. Ratio |
Tile Chairman informed the members that response from journals, organisations, etc., to whom 'questionnaire was sent was unsatisfactory and it was decided to issue a Press Note requesting the papers and journals to send their replies, particularly to Part " B " of the questionnaire, as soon as possible, inviting their ... |
It was decided that for purposes 57 of taking oral evidence, the country be divided into 5 zones, namely, Trivandrum, Madras, Delhi, Calcutta and Bombay and the Secretary was asked to summon witnesses to the nearest and convenient centre. Ratio |
It was further decided that one hour should normally be allotted to each newspaper, 3 hours for regional units and 2 hours for smaller units for oral evidence. Ratio |
The Board also discussed the question as to the number of persons who might ordinarily be called for oral evidence from each newspaper or Organisation. Ratio |
It thought that one of the important factors Governing the findings of the Board would be the circulation of each newspaper, and as such it was decided that the figures with the Audit Bureau of Circulation Ltd., might be obtained at once. Ratio |
The Board also decided to ask witnesses, if necessary, to produce books of accounts, income tax assessment orders or any other document which in its opinion was essential. Ratio |
Meetings of the Board were held at Trivandrum from September 7, to September 10, 1956, in Madras from September 15, to September 20, 1956, in New Delhi from October 19, to October 26, 1956, in Calcutta from November 25, to December 4,1956, and in Bombay from January 4, to January 10, 1957, from January 20, to February ... |
Evidence of several journalists and persons connected with the newspaper industry was recorded at the respective places and at its meeting in Bombay from March 25, to March 31, 1957, the Board entered upon its final deliberations. Ratio |
At this meeting the chairman impressed upon the members the desirability of arriving at unanimous decisions with regard to the fixation of wages, etc. Ratio |
Members welcomed this suggestion and decided to 58 discuss various issues among themselves in the afternoon and on the following days. Ratio |
After considerable discussion on March 25, 1957, and March 26, 1957, in which the representatives of the newspapers and of working journalists had joint Sittings, unanimous decisions were arrived at on (i) classification of newspapers, (ii) classification of centres and (iii) classification of employees, except on one ... |
This was agreed to by a majority decision. Ratio |
The chairman and the representatives of the working journalists voted in favour while the representatives of the employers voted against. Ratio |
Regarding scales of pay, the chairman suggested at the meeting of March 27, 1957, that pending final settlement of the issue the parties should submit figures of scales based on both assumptions, namely, consolidated wages and basic scales with separate dearness allowance. Ratio |
At the Board 's meeting on March 28, 1957, the representatives of the employers stated that the term CC rates of pay " did not include scales of pay ; there fore, the Board was not competent to fix scales of working journalists and they submitted a written statement signed by all of them to the chairman in support of t... |
The representatives of the working journalists argued that the Board was competent to fix scales of pay. ARG |
The chairman adjourned the sitting of the Board to study this issue. Ratio |
A copy of the written statement submitted by the representatives of the employers was given to the representatives of the working journalists and they submitted a written reply the same afternoon contending that the Board was competent to fix scales of pay of various categories of working journalists. ' At its meeting ... |
The chairman expressed his opinion in writing, whereby he held that the Board was competent to fix scales of pay. Ratio |
Thereafter, several suggestions were made on this question, but since there was no possibility of any agreement on this issue, the chairman suggested that members should submit their specific scales to him for his study to which the mem bers agreed. Ratio |
It was also decided that the chairman would have separate discussions with representatives of working journalists in the morning and with representatives of employers in the afternoon of March 30, 1957. Ratio |
It was also decided that the Board should meet again on March 31, 1957, for further discussions. Ratio |
No final decision was however arrived at in the meeting of the Board held on March 31, 1957, on scales of pay, allowances, date of operation of the decision, etc. Ratio |
It was decided that the Board should meet again on April 22, 1957, to take final decisions. Ratio |
A meeting of the Board was accordingly held from April 22 to 24, 1957, in the office of the Wage Board at Bombay. Ratio |
It was unanimously agreed that the word "decision" should be used wherever the word " report" occurred. Ratio |
The question of the nature of the decisions which should be submitted to the Government was then considered. Ratio |
It was agreed that reasons need not be given for each of the decisions, and that it would be sufficient only to record the decisions. Ratio |
The members then requested the chairman to study the proposals regarding scales of pay, etc., submitted by, both the parties and to give his own proposals so that they may take a final decision. Ratio |
Accordingly, the chairman circulated to all the members his proposals regarding pay scales, dearness allowance, location allowance and retainer allowance. Ratio |
The following were the decisions arrived at by the Board on the various points under consideration and they were unanimous except where otherwise stated. Ratio |
The same may be set out here so far as they are relevant for the purposes of the inquiry before US. Ratio |
For the purpose of fixation of wages of working 60 journalists, newspaper, establishments should be grouped under different classes. Ratio |
Except in the case of weeklies and other periodicals expressly provided for hereinafter, newspaper establishments should be classified on the basis of their gross revenue. Ratio |
For purposes of classification, revenue from all sources of a newspaper establishment, should be taken for ascertaining gross revenue. Ratio |
Classification of Newspaper Establishments: Dailies Newspaper Establishments should be classified under the following five classes: Class Gross Revenue " A" over Rs. 25 lakhs " B" over Rs. 12 1/2 to 25 lakhs " C" over Rs. 5 to 12 1/2 lakhs " D" over Rs. 2 1/2 to 5 lakhs " E" Rs. 2 1/2 lakhs and below 5. Ratio |
It shall be open to the parties to seek re classifi cation of the newspaper establishments on the basis of the average of every three years commencing from the year 1955. Ratio |
Groups, multiple units and chains should be classified on the basis of the total gross revenue of all the constituent units. Ratio |
(This was a majority decision, the chairman and the representatives of the working journalists voting for and the representatives of the employers voting against). Ratio |
61 20. Ratio |
Working journalists employed in newspaper establishments should be grouped as follows: (a) Full time employees: Group I: Editor Group II: Assistant Editor, Leader Writer, News Editor, Commercial Editor, Sports Editor, Film or Art Editor, Feature Editor, Literary Editor, Special Correspondent, Chief Reporter, Chief Sub ... |
Group III: Sub Editors and Reporters of all kind and full time correspondents not included in Group(II); news photographers and other journalists not covered in the groups. Ratio |
Group IV: Proof Reader (b) Part time employees: Correspondents who are part time employees of a newspaper establishment and whose principal avocation is that of journalism. Ratio |
An employee should be deemed to be a full time employee if under the conditions of service such employee is not allowed to work for any other newspaper establishments. Ratio |
23.The wage scales and grades recommended by the chairman were agreed to by a majority decision. Ratio |
The chairman and the representatives of the working journalists voted for and the representatives of the employers voted against. Ratio |
Shri That suggested that wage scales should be conditional on a newspaper establishment making profits in any particular year and also that time should be given to the newspaper establishments for bringing the scales into operation. Ratio |
These suggestions, however, were not acceptable to the majority. Ratio |
Wages, scales and grades: (as agreed to by the majority) were as under: Working journalists of different groups employed in different classes of newspaper establishments should be paid the following basic wages per mensem. Ratio |
Dailies. Ratio |
Class of Group of Starting Scale News Employees Pay papers E IV 90 No Scale III II 150 No Scale I D IV 100100 5 165 (13 Yrs.) EB 7 200 (5 Yrs.) III 115115 7 1/2 205 (12 Yrs.) EB 15 295 (6 Yrs.) II 200200 20 400 (10 Yrs.) I C IV 100100 5 165 (13 Yrs.) EB 7 200 (5 Yrs.) III 125125 10 245 (12 Yrs.) EB 12J 320 (6 Yrs.) II ... |
The chairman and the representatives of the working 63 journalists voting for and the representatives of the employers voting against. Ratio |
Other allowances: In view of the paucity of evidence on the subject, the Board decided that the fixation of conveyance and other allowances should be left to collective bargaining between the working journalists and the newspaper establishments concerned. Ratio |
Fitment of employees: For fitment of the present employees into the new scales, service in a particular grade and category and in the particular newspaper establishment alone should be taken into account. Ratio |
In no case should the present emoluments of the employees be reduced as a; result of the operation of this decision. Ratio |
When a newspaper establishment is re classified as per para. Ratio |
6 supra, the existing pay of the staff should be protected. Ratio |
But future increments and scales should be those applicable to the class of paper into which it falls. Ratio |
Date of operation: The Board 's decision should be operative from the date of constitution of the Board (i.e., 2 5 1956) in respect of newspaper eseablishments coming under Class " A ", " B " and " C " and from a date six months from the date of appointment of the Board (i.e., 1 11 1956) in the case of newspaper establ... |
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